Exploring mindfulness as an intervention on teachers’ stress, anxiety and depression in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Hemmings, Tanya
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Teachers -- Job stress , Stress (Psychology) Anxiety Depression, Mental
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22365 , vital:29962
- Description: Teaching has been identified as one of the most stress-inducing occupations, thus improving the psychological well-being of teachers is a priority. Research indicates that mindfulness is an effective intervention in stress-related illnesses. This mixed methods study examined the outcomes of a six-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on teachers’ stress, anxiety and depression. Six teachers from a high school in Port Elizabeth were selected through non-probability, purposive sampling. Quantitative data was collected by means of pretest- posttest questionnaires, namely the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21-item version (DASS-21), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U-Test revealed a significant difference between the pretest-posttest depression levels of the participants (p < 0.05), and non-significant differences for the anxiety, stress, and mindfulness levels (p = 0.06). Qualitative data from a focus group interview, utilising semi-structured open-ended questions, was analysed using thematic analysis. Five themes were identified, namely changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels, awareness and attention, self-regulation, impact on the teaching environment, and specific negative and positive experiences. Themes were evaluated according to literature and examined through the lens of self-determination theory (SDT). The findings indicated that mindfulness has potential to enhance well-being, and alleviate symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression, in a teaching context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Hemmings, Tanya
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Teachers -- Job stress , Stress (Psychology) Anxiety Depression, Mental
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22365 , vital:29962
- Description: Teaching has been identified as one of the most stress-inducing occupations, thus improving the psychological well-being of teachers is a priority. Research indicates that mindfulness is an effective intervention in stress-related illnesses. This mixed methods study examined the outcomes of a six-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on teachers’ stress, anxiety and depression. Six teachers from a high school in Port Elizabeth were selected through non-probability, purposive sampling. Quantitative data was collected by means of pretest- posttest questionnaires, namely the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21-item version (DASS-21), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U-Test revealed a significant difference between the pretest-posttest depression levels of the participants (p < 0.05), and non-significant differences for the anxiety, stress, and mindfulness levels (p = 0.06). Qualitative data from a focus group interview, utilising semi-structured open-ended questions, was analysed using thematic analysis. Five themes were identified, namely changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels, awareness and attention, self-regulation, impact on the teaching environment, and specific negative and positive experiences. Themes were evaluated according to literature and examined through the lens of self-determination theory (SDT). The findings indicated that mindfulness has potential to enhance well-being, and alleviate symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression, in a teaching context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring National Certificate Vocational (NCV) level two learners’ misconceptions in algebraic functions through integrating GeoGebra during teaching and learning
- Authors: Ngwabe, Abongile
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa , Algebraic functions -- Study and teaching , Algebraic fields , Mathematical analysis -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33671 , vital:32963
- Description: This study focuses on exploring NCV level two learners’ misconceptions in algebraic functions through integrating GeoGebra Dynamic Software during teaching and learning. The research investigates how the integration of GeoGebra during teaching and learning algebraic functions influenced learners’ misconceptions in algebraic functions. Vygotsky’s sociocultural view of learning underpinned the process of teaching and learning during the study. The research was carried out at the TVET College in Port Elizabeth. The data was collected by means of pre-test and post-test, focus group interviews, GeoGebra intervention and observations. Created GeoGebra applets and a worksheet was used during the integration process. The data collected was analyzed and used to answer the research questions of this study. Research findings showed that the integration of GeoGebra during teaching and learning enhanced learners’ conceptual understanding in algebraic functions. There was a significance increase in the number of learners who showed ability to interpret algebraic functions based concepts after the engagement with GeoGebra applets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ngwabe, Abongile
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa , Algebraic functions -- Study and teaching , Algebraic fields , Mathematical analysis -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33671 , vital:32963
- Description: This study focuses on exploring NCV level two learners’ misconceptions in algebraic functions through integrating GeoGebra Dynamic Software during teaching and learning. The research investigates how the integration of GeoGebra during teaching and learning algebraic functions influenced learners’ misconceptions in algebraic functions. Vygotsky’s sociocultural view of learning underpinned the process of teaching and learning during the study. The research was carried out at the TVET College in Port Elizabeth. The data was collected by means of pre-test and post-test, focus group interviews, GeoGebra intervention and observations. Created GeoGebra applets and a worksheet was used during the integration process. The data collected was analyzed and used to answer the research questions of this study. Research findings showed that the integration of GeoGebra during teaching and learning enhanced learners’ conceptual understanding in algebraic functions. There was a significance increase in the number of learners who showed ability to interpret algebraic functions based concepts after the engagement with GeoGebra applets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring teachers’ attitudes to implementing blended learning: a case study
- Authors: Williams, Monique
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Blended learning -- South Africa , Educational technology -- South Africa Education, Higher -- South Africa Internet in education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35829 , vital:33851
- Description: One of the many characteristics of the 21st century learner is that they are highly technologically skilled. This characteristic poses today’s teachers with many challenges in order to teach these learners and create optimal learning experiences. It is evident that teachers have their own preferred teaching methods which they believe work best and some teachers teach the way that they were taught at school in ways that have become part of their habitus. Blended learning is a teaching method that can promote effective learning experiences in the 21st century learning environment. This study focussed on teachers’ experiences with blended learning and their current ideas on how learners learn optimally and whether the practice of blended learning changed their ideas of learning. Furthermore, the study determined the teachers’ present technology acceptance and established teachers’ personal views regarding the challenges that teachers face to teach 21st century skills, what they think 21st century teaching is about and new insights on dealing with these challenges. Through experiencing blended learning teachers who made use of a textbook based teaching method made shifts not only to a blended approach, but also shifted their thinking away from what they prefer to what learners get out of the learning experience. Although challenges occur when using a blended teaching approach, their experiences with blended learning were mostly positive and they found learners to be more involved in the learning process. These outcomes created feelings of worthiness in the teachers since they create such positive learning opportunities for their learners. Although the teachers made shifts, some teachers continue to have a fear of technology since they had not received adequate training to incorporate technology into their teaching approaches. It is crucial for the DBE and schools to provide teachers with opportunities to improve their technological skills in order for teachers to create opportunities for blended learning experiences for the 21st century learner
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Williams, Monique
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Blended learning -- South Africa , Educational technology -- South Africa Education, Higher -- South Africa Internet in education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35829 , vital:33851
- Description: One of the many characteristics of the 21st century learner is that they are highly technologically skilled. This characteristic poses today’s teachers with many challenges in order to teach these learners and create optimal learning experiences. It is evident that teachers have their own preferred teaching methods which they believe work best and some teachers teach the way that they were taught at school in ways that have become part of their habitus. Blended learning is a teaching method that can promote effective learning experiences in the 21st century learning environment. This study focussed on teachers’ experiences with blended learning and their current ideas on how learners learn optimally and whether the practice of blended learning changed their ideas of learning. Furthermore, the study determined the teachers’ present technology acceptance and established teachers’ personal views regarding the challenges that teachers face to teach 21st century skills, what they think 21st century teaching is about and new insights on dealing with these challenges. Through experiencing blended learning teachers who made use of a textbook based teaching method made shifts not only to a blended approach, but also shifted their thinking away from what they prefer to what learners get out of the learning experience. Although challenges occur when using a blended teaching approach, their experiences with blended learning were mostly positive and they found learners to be more involved in the learning process. These outcomes created feelings of worthiness in the teachers since they create such positive learning opportunities for their learners. Although the teachers made shifts, some teachers continue to have a fear of technology since they had not received adequate training to incorporate technology into their teaching approaches. It is crucial for the DBE and schools to provide teachers with opportunities to improve their technological skills in order for teachers to create opportunities for blended learning experiences for the 21st century learner
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the adaptability and applicability of military mental skills training for South African paramedics
- Authors: Minnie, Chantel
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Allied health personnel -- South Africa , Allied health personnel -- Mental health -- South Africa , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- South Africa , Emergency medical services -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61580 , vital:28039
- Description: Paramedics in South Africa are among the best in the world (MacFarlane, van Loggerenberg, & Kloeck, 2005). However, the domain of pre-hospital emergency care is fraught with challenges and paramedics face numerous personal and professional difficulties. South Africa, with its diverse patient population and challenges, cannot afford to undermine the importance of supportive interventions for emergency medical technicians. Whilst there is a growing body of literature examining the effectiveness of mental skills training in the sporting domain (Gould, Dieffenbach, & Moffett, 2002; Landers & Boutcher, 1998), there is a lack of research on mental skills training as it pertains to paramedics. It is argued here, that the use of mental skills training derived from sporting science and adapted for the military, provides the most comparable context in relation to the paramedic industry. This study thus aims to explore the adaptability and applicability of military mental skills training techniques in the context of South African paramedics. This study made use of an exploratory, qualitative case study design, focusing on participatory research strategies. The analysis revealed that various aspects of existing military mental skills models can be adapted to be of relevance in the emergency medical services field as it related to three paramedic participants. A prominent emerging theme was that of PTSD among paramedics, and it was an area that the participants felt should receive much more attention, research and intervention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Minnie, Chantel
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Allied health personnel -- South Africa , Allied health personnel -- Mental health -- South Africa , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- South Africa , Emergency medical services -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61580 , vital:28039
- Description: Paramedics in South Africa are among the best in the world (MacFarlane, van Loggerenberg, & Kloeck, 2005). However, the domain of pre-hospital emergency care is fraught with challenges and paramedics face numerous personal and professional difficulties. South Africa, with its diverse patient population and challenges, cannot afford to undermine the importance of supportive interventions for emergency medical technicians. Whilst there is a growing body of literature examining the effectiveness of mental skills training in the sporting domain (Gould, Dieffenbach, & Moffett, 2002; Landers & Boutcher, 1998), there is a lack of research on mental skills training as it pertains to paramedics. It is argued here, that the use of mental skills training derived from sporting science and adapted for the military, provides the most comparable context in relation to the paramedic industry. This study thus aims to explore the adaptability and applicability of military mental skills training techniques in the context of South African paramedics. This study made use of an exploratory, qualitative case study design, focusing on participatory research strategies. The analysis revealed that various aspects of existing military mental skills models can be adapted to be of relevance in the emergency medical services field as it related to three paramedic participants. A prominent emerging theme was that of PTSD among paramedics, and it was an area that the participants felt should receive much more attention, research and intervention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the continuities and discontinuities in South African political violence: the Sharpeville, Bhisho and Marikana massacres
- Authors: Menye, Mongezi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Political violence , Sharpeville Massacre, Sharpeville, South Africa, 1960 Massacres -- South Africa -- Rustenburg Massacres -- South Africa -- Bisho
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32017 , vital:31914
- Description: This treatise focuses on the underlying factors of political violence before and after the end of apartheid in South Africa. Its emphasis is on the continuities and discontinuities of political violence with primary attention on the Sharpeville, Bhisho and Marikana Massacres. The treatise deals with the political and socio-economic factors that has led to the aforementioned massacres. This include the relative political, social and ideological strengths of differing political groups and their conflict resolution mechanism. The widespread and recurrent political violence in South Africa has been the connerstone of this study. The analysis established that the Sharpeville, Bhisho and Marikana Masacres had unwarranted consequences in South Africa. The understanding of current and past political violence is a fundamental initiative. This helps to clarify past political violence issues that were not addressed properly and are now resurfacing in a different form. The failure to address the root causes of political violence is the main challenge that has to be dealt with accordingly by government. The treatise also outlined the necessity and urgency of a new research on the training, control and command of members of the South African Police Services to ensure that where the police deal with members of the public engaged in legitimate democratic protest. The escalation of violence is defused and the official response to such violence is consistent with the provisions embedded in the South African Constitution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Menye, Mongezi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Political violence , Sharpeville Massacre, Sharpeville, South Africa, 1960 Massacres -- South Africa -- Rustenburg Massacres -- South Africa -- Bisho
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32017 , vital:31914
- Description: This treatise focuses on the underlying factors of political violence before and after the end of apartheid in South Africa. Its emphasis is on the continuities and discontinuities of political violence with primary attention on the Sharpeville, Bhisho and Marikana Massacres. The treatise deals with the political and socio-economic factors that has led to the aforementioned massacres. This include the relative political, social and ideological strengths of differing political groups and their conflict resolution mechanism. The widespread and recurrent political violence in South Africa has been the connerstone of this study. The analysis established that the Sharpeville, Bhisho and Marikana Masacres had unwarranted consequences in South Africa. The understanding of current and past political violence is a fundamental initiative. This helps to clarify past political violence issues that were not addressed properly and are now resurfacing in a different form. The failure to address the root causes of political violence is the main challenge that has to be dealt with accordingly by government. The treatise also outlined the necessity and urgency of a new research on the training, control and command of members of the South African Police Services to ensure that where the police deal with members of the public engaged in legitimate democratic protest. The escalation of violence is defused and the official response to such violence is consistent with the provisions embedded in the South African Constitution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the effectiveness of the Ucoceko laundry project through the assessment of the positive development contributions in Molteno, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Qitsi, Asanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Youth development Laundry industry Rural development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15661 , vital:40499
- Description: The research explored the effectiveness of Ucoceko Laundry Project assessing the positive development contributions in the Molteno area in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The researcher cross examined the contribution of Ucoceko Laundry project on economic benefits, the challenges faced by the beneficiaries of the Ucoceko Laundry Project and the support services that social service practitioners and other stakeholders are offering in Ucoceko Laundry project. The study used a qualitative with in- depth interviews as a research instrument to collect data. The research instrument had closed ended and open-ended questions making it easy and better for the participants to express their views. The study utilized empowerment theory. Empowerment theory is the multi-dimensional social process that helps people gain control over their own lives. The researcher interviewed 15 Xhosa speaking participants to gather the required data from mixed gender categories of males and females respectively and the use of 5 focus group members which comprised of government officials and funders who have contributed to the development and success of the project. The researcher has utilized a non-probability sampling method which is a specifically purposive technique. Researcher analyzed data using a qualitative approach in a comprehensive thematic way.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Qitsi, Asanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Youth development Laundry industry Rural development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15661 , vital:40499
- Description: The research explored the effectiveness of Ucoceko Laundry Project assessing the positive development contributions in the Molteno area in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The researcher cross examined the contribution of Ucoceko Laundry project on economic benefits, the challenges faced by the beneficiaries of the Ucoceko Laundry Project and the support services that social service practitioners and other stakeholders are offering in Ucoceko Laundry project. The study used a qualitative with in- depth interviews as a research instrument to collect data. The research instrument had closed ended and open-ended questions making it easy and better for the participants to express their views. The study utilized empowerment theory. Empowerment theory is the multi-dimensional social process that helps people gain control over their own lives. The researcher interviewed 15 Xhosa speaking participants to gather the required data from mixed gender categories of males and females respectively and the use of 5 focus group members which comprised of government officials and funders who have contributed to the development and success of the project. The researcher has utilized a non-probability sampling method which is a specifically purposive technique. Researcher analyzed data using a qualitative approach in a comprehensive thematic way.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the experience of family members living with individuals who abuse alcohol and/or substances: Study conducted in Khayelitsha, Western Cape
- Authors: Modise, Badise
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Alcoholism , Substance abuse , Family violence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13116 , vital:39466
- Description: The constant, excessive and frequently uncontrollable abuse of alcoholic beverages and drug related substances continues to have many devastating effects on family members of the abusers. The impact can be explored in various ways, but the findings are likely to be hand in glove regardless of the causes associated with this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore the experiences of family members living with individuals who abuse alcohol and/or substances through case studies conducted in Khayelitsha, in the Western Province of South Africa. The study was conducted to gain greater insight into the experiences of the family members in order to provide the appropriate assistance to help them deal with these issues. From the data that was captured and analysed, it was clear that alcohol and substance abuse inflicted profound suffering on family members. It contributes to high levels of interpersonal conflict, domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, financial problems as well as health issues for all parties involved - causing extreme emotional pain and suffering. Living with an alcohol or substance abuser inevitably results in financial burden, dysfunctional relationships and family life in addition to impacting on safety needs. Furthermore, the results have shown that family members of alcohol and substance dependents develop psychological and mental distress; anxiety, and insomnia. Likewise, the family members develop psychophysiological symptoms such as high-blood pressure and chronic headaches. With regards to rehabilitation, family members reported exclusion from rehabilitation programs and lost their belief in self-rehabilitation or detoxification.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Modise, Badise
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Alcoholism , Substance abuse , Family violence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13116 , vital:39466
- Description: The constant, excessive and frequently uncontrollable abuse of alcoholic beverages and drug related substances continues to have many devastating effects on family members of the abusers. The impact can be explored in various ways, but the findings are likely to be hand in glove regardless of the causes associated with this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore the experiences of family members living with individuals who abuse alcohol and/or substances through case studies conducted in Khayelitsha, in the Western Province of South Africa. The study was conducted to gain greater insight into the experiences of the family members in order to provide the appropriate assistance to help them deal with these issues. From the data that was captured and analysed, it was clear that alcohol and substance abuse inflicted profound suffering on family members. It contributes to high levels of interpersonal conflict, domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, financial problems as well as health issues for all parties involved - causing extreme emotional pain and suffering. Living with an alcohol or substance abuser inevitably results in financial burden, dysfunctional relationships and family life in addition to impacting on safety needs. Furthermore, the results have shown that family members of alcohol and substance dependents develop psychological and mental distress; anxiety, and insomnia. Likewise, the family members develop psychophysiological symptoms such as high-blood pressure and chronic headaches. With regards to rehabilitation, family members reported exclusion from rehabilitation programs and lost their belief in self-rehabilitation or detoxification.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the identity construction of Johannesburg bodybuilders with Photovoice
- Authors: Rogers, Keegan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) Bodybuilders Athletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12631 , vital:39294
- Description: Identity is a complex concept involving not only who one is, but who one is becoming. Identity is often shaped by one’s experiences and by one’s environment. The identity of bodybuilders is constructed through their experiences, which are often hidden. Using Participant Action Research, specifically Photovoice, the participants were provided a platform to share their experience from their own perspective. This research aimed to explore the identity of bodybuilders and what shapes their identity. Four male bodybuilders between the ages of twenty-one and twenty-eight participated in the study. The sample of participants consisted of two black males and two Caucasian males. The four athletes either selected or took photographs of significant aspects in their life that they felt contributed to their identity. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with the athletes regarding the photographic images they took. The interview transcripts and photographs were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Five main themes were identified: Diet (including water intake and on/off season cycles), Presentation of physique, Psychological impact on self-confidence, Risks involved with bodybuilding and Impact on personal life. Significances of the themes were discussed with the aim of increasing awareness regarding the experience of bodybuilders and how their experience as bodybuilders has shaped their identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Rogers, Keegan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) Bodybuilders Athletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12631 , vital:39294
- Description: Identity is a complex concept involving not only who one is, but who one is becoming. Identity is often shaped by one’s experiences and by one’s environment. The identity of bodybuilders is constructed through their experiences, which are often hidden. Using Participant Action Research, specifically Photovoice, the participants were provided a platform to share their experience from their own perspective. This research aimed to explore the identity of bodybuilders and what shapes their identity. Four male bodybuilders between the ages of twenty-one and twenty-eight participated in the study. The sample of participants consisted of two black males and two Caucasian males. The four athletes either selected or took photographs of significant aspects in their life that they felt contributed to their identity. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with the athletes regarding the photographic images they took. The interview transcripts and photographs were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Five main themes were identified: Diet (including water intake and on/off season cycles), Presentation of physique, Psychological impact on self-confidence, Risks involved with bodybuilding and Impact on personal life. Significances of the themes were discussed with the aim of increasing awareness regarding the experience of bodybuilders and how their experience as bodybuilders has shaped their identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the relationship between intergroup contact and anti-gay prejudice amongst heterosexual South African students
- Authors: De Beer, Hannari
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Intergroup relations -- South Africa -- Students , Prejudices -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects -- Students Stereotypes (Social psychology) -- South Africa -- Students Homosexuality -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects -- Students Interpersonal relations -- South Africa -- Students
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21972 , vital:29808
- Description: Throughout history gay men have experienced oppression in the form of harassment, violence and discrimination and in South Africa it is no different (Brouard et al., 2016; OUT, 2016). According to the contact hypothesis, intergroup contact has shown to be one of the most successful ways to reduce prejudice and improve attitudes towards an outgroup (i.e. a group that you do not identify yourself with; Allport, 1954; Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). Therefore, this study investigated whether positive intergroup contact plays a role in improving attitudes, and lessening prejudice towards gay men in South Africa by exploring the relationship between intergroup contact with gay men amongst heterosexual South African students and anti-gay prejudice. Furthermore, this study aimed to get a better understanding of how this process operates by exploring whether two affective mediators, namely intergroup anxiety and empathy, mediates the contact-prejudice relationship. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used where participants completed an online questionnaire (N = 125). The findings from the present study indicate that contact with gay men amongst heterosexual students at a South African University positively and significantly predicted more positive attitudes towards gay men in general. Moreover, the results show that decreased intergroup anxiety and increased intergroup empathy fully mediates the relationship between intergroup contact and anti-gay prejudice. This research contributes to the body of contact literature in South Africa and could offer practical means for interventions that aim to reduce prejudice and improve attitudes towards gay men.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: De Beer, Hannari
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Intergroup relations -- South Africa -- Students , Prejudices -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects -- Students Stereotypes (Social psychology) -- South Africa -- Students Homosexuality -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects -- Students Interpersonal relations -- South Africa -- Students
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21972 , vital:29808
- Description: Throughout history gay men have experienced oppression in the form of harassment, violence and discrimination and in South Africa it is no different (Brouard et al., 2016; OUT, 2016). According to the contact hypothesis, intergroup contact has shown to be one of the most successful ways to reduce prejudice and improve attitudes towards an outgroup (i.e. a group that you do not identify yourself with; Allport, 1954; Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). Therefore, this study investigated whether positive intergroup contact plays a role in improving attitudes, and lessening prejudice towards gay men in South Africa by exploring the relationship between intergroup contact with gay men amongst heterosexual South African students and anti-gay prejudice. Furthermore, this study aimed to get a better understanding of how this process operates by exploring whether two affective mediators, namely intergroup anxiety and empathy, mediates the contact-prejudice relationship. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used where participants completed an online questionnaire (N = 125). The findings from the present study indicate that contact with gay men amongst heterosexual students at a South African University positively and significantly predicted more positive attitudes towards gay men in general. Moreover, the results show that decreased intergroup anxiety and increased intergroup empathy fully mediates the relationship between intergroup contact and anti-gay prejudice. This research contributes to the body of contact literature in South Africa and could offer practical means for interventions that aim to reduce prejudice and improve attitudes towards gay men.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the role of social work intervention in empowering victims of crime : a case study of Alice community in Alice
- Authors: Njongi, Ayanda Griffiths
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Victims of crimes--South Africa Victims of crimes--Services for
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Social Work
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15276 , vital:40333
- Description: The aim of the study is to explore the role of social work intervention in empowering victims of crime in the Alice community. The study used a qualitative research design to collect data from nineteen (19) participants. The findings revealed that people living in rural areas are vulnerable because they do not get the necessary support from the government, social workers and other professional bodies. Yet the role played by social workers to assist victims of crime is not enough because they are few and they do not have enough resources to execute their work. The study reveals that most of the victims of crime were females, others were employed and few of them were unemployed. The study recommends that policy makers need to evaluate the overall impact of different criminal activities by measuring the extent to which dependence changes as policies are changed. Debates should be centred on a discussion of how to design better programs in order to achieve the developmental objectives since it is evident that criminal activities grow day-by-day in South Africa. The study concludes that the researcher hopes that the objectives were adequately handled as they attempted as much as possible to address the possible implications associated with victimisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Njongi, Ayanda Griffiths
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Victims of crimes--South Africa Victims of crimes--Services for
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Social Work
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15276 , vital:40333
- Description: The aim of the study is to explore the role of social work intervention in empowering victims of crime in the Alice community. The study used a qualitative research design to collect data from nineteen (19) participants. The findings revealed that people living in rural areas are vulnerable because they do not get the necessary support from the government, social workers and other professional bodies. Yet the role played by social workers to assist victims of crime is not enough because they are few and they do not have enough resources to execute their work. The study reveals that most of the victims of crime were females, others were employed and few of them were unemployed. The study recommends that policy makers need to evaluate the overall impact of different criminal activities by measuring the extent to which dependence changes as policies are changed. Debates should be centred on a discussion of how to design better programs in order to achieve the developmental objectives since it is evident that criminal activities grow day-by-day in South Africa. The study concludes that the researcher hopes that the objectives were adequately handled as they attempted as much as possible to address the possible implications associated with victimisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the standardization of musical and dancing styles in relation to worship styles in the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian, Blantyre Synod, Malawi
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Presbyterian Church -- Malawi Presbyterians -- Malawi Church music -- Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Music
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10442 , vital:35468
- Description: The study sought to explore the standardization of music and dance styles in relation to worship styles in the CCAP Blantyre Synod in Malawi. The study further sought to understand the factors that influence the selection of songs during worship, and strategies for standardizing the existing songs in the church. The research was guided by the qualitative research approach. The interpretive research paradigm guided the interpretation of data in this study. A case study research design was used to get an in- depth understanding of the issues related to music and dance in the CCAP. The participants were purposively selected and interviews were conducted. Focus group interviews and observation supplemented the data collected through one on one interviews. Data analysis was achieved through a detailed narration of the participants‟ responses and, thereafter, themes were identified for further discussion. The main findings of the study were: factors influencing selection of music during worship services; lack or availability of music selection guidelines; age of choir members; commercialization and instrumentation of music; the use of traditional and classical music in the church; mixed dancing styles being introduced in the church; and the suggestion to use the Bible as framework for resolving conflicts in the church; and the need to train church members on church music. The study recommends the use of detailed and appropriate music guidelines in selecting songs. In cases of conflicting tastes in music, the study has proposed a process of resolving such conflicts within the CCAP of Blantyre Synod. The study also examined music and dance styles but not on other aspects of worship such as prayer and offering. The findings of this study may be useful in advising and resolving challenges associated with the incorporation of music in the church.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Presbyterian Church -- Malawi Presbyterians -- Malawi Church music -- Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Music
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10442 , vital:35468
- Description: The study sought to explore the standardization of music and dance styles in relation to worship styles in the CCAP Blantyre Synod in Malawi. The study further sought to understand the factors that influence the selection of songs during worship, and strategies for standardizing the existing songs in the church. The research was guided by the qualitative research approach. The interpretive research paradigm guided the interpretation of data in this study. A case study research design was used to get an in- depth understanding of the issues related to music and dance in the CCAP. The participants were purposively selected and interviews were conducted. Focus group interviews and observation supplemented the data collected through one on one interviews. Data analysis was achieved through a detailed narration of the participants‟ responses and, thereafter, themes were identified for further discussion. The main findings of the study were: factors influencing selection of music during worship services; lack or availability of music selection guidelines; age of choir members; commercialization and instrumentation of music; the use of traditional and classical music in the church; mixed dancing styles being introduced in the church; and the suggestion to use the Bible as framework for resolving conflicts in the church; and the need to train church members on church music. The study recommends the use of detailed and appropriate music guidelines in selecting songs. In cases of conflicting tastes in music, the study has proposed a process of resolving such conflicts within the CCAP of Blantyre Synod. The study also examined music and dance styles but not on other aspects of worship such as prayer and offering. The findings of this study may be useful in advising and resolving challenges associated with the incorporation of music in the church.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring women's experience of fundal pressure during the second stage of labour
- Authors: Okafor, Uchenna Benedine
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Labor (Obstetrics) Childbirth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Magister of Curationis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15532 , vital:40424
- Description: Background and Aim: Despite the use of fundal pressure globally, there is a scarcity of information available on how women experience the application of uterine fundal pressure (UFP) during the second stage of labour. The aim of study was to explore the experiences of women concerning UFP application during the second stage of labour. Understanding women’s perception about UFP is important in informing the generation of new ideas to improve on the application of UFP for better outcomes. Methods: This was a qualitative, interpretive, and phenomenological analysis designed to explore the experiences of women regarding the application of UFP during the second stage of labour. Hermeneutics was applied to interpret the participants’ descriptions of their experiences as they tried to make sense of their exposure to UFP; bearing this in mind, the participants’ own interpretation was not distorted. The researcher immersed herself in each transcript, in order to make sense of each participant’s experiences and to gain a sense of what the participant had experienced during UFP application. Each interview was transcribed and analysed independently; and the convergences and divergences of themes were identified without losing the original meaning of each participant’s description before moving on to the subsequent interviews. The target population was women who had had UFP during second stage of labour. A purposive sampling method was used to select three women who were admitted to the DVDHMOU during the research period and who met the inclusion criteria. Information was collected through individual face-to-face interviews and semi-structured interview guide. The principal question was framed as: “Can you please share with me how you felt when the midwives pushed on your tummy to get the baby out”? An audio tape was used to record the interviews, and a notepad was used to make notes of gestures such smiles or other facial expressions. After each interview, the recorded interview was transferred onto a laptop and a file was opened for the interviewee, identified by a pseudonym. The interviews were transcribed verbatim as Word documents. Trustworthiness was maintained by applying the principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethical Committee of the University of Fort Hare. Permission to conduct the study was sought from the Eastern Cape Research Committee and Buffalo City Metropolitan Health District. Informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to data collection. Each interview was analysed separately after completion. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis applicable to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) studies using six steps: reading and re-reading; initial noting; developing emergent themes; searching for connections across the emergent themes; moving to the next case; and lastly, looking for patterns across cases. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the informants had feelings of fear, loneliness, worry and tearfulness; but also happiness associated with UFP during second stage of labour. They were also worried and expressed fear and anxiety concerning their infants; and their ability to give birth increased as they get tired in the process of pushing during UFP application. However, seeing their infants for the first time took most of the worries away, and all informants expressed relief when the birthing process was over. They also felt that their birthing experience was a very painful event; and were left alone, and they had not been given anything to drink or eat during labour. Midwives threatened them that their inability to pushing appropriately, could cause the death of their infants, leaving them with feelings of guilt and despair when their babies did not cry directly after birth. The findings demonstrated that midwives did not properly inform women what to expect during the second stage of their labour, whilst the midwives expected birthing mothers to know what was happening to them and how to react. Women in labour therefore depended almost entirely on information received from family members, and went into labour with preconceived ideas about labour pain. Although women do experience pain during the second stage of labour, the application UFP increased their pain. Four main themes emerged from the analysis, which are: perceived severity of UFP pain,emotional/physical reaction to UFP pain, perceptions of UFP and perception of midwives care and treatment. Conclusion: The uterine fundal pressure is not a pleasant experience for the women in the second stage of labour. Labouring women experienced pain, fear, and anxiety. However, they felt a sense of happiness after delivery. Before the application of UFP during the second stage of labour, midwives should explain to women the process of UFP application and what they can expect to happen; and where possible, and after explaining the procedure, midwives should get written permission before they apply the intervention during labour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Okafor, Uchenna Benedine
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Labor (Obstetrics) Childbirth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Magister of Curationis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15532 , vital:40424
- Description: Background and Aim: Despite the use of fundal pressure globally, there is a scarcity of information available on how women experience the application of uterine fundal pressure (UFP) during the second stage of labour. The aim of study was to explore the experiences of women concerning UFP application during the second stage of labour. Understanding women’s perception about UFP is important in informing the generation of new ideas to improve on the application of UFP for better outcomes. Methods: This was a qualitative, interpretive, and phenomenological analysis designed to explore the experiences of women regarding the application of UFP during the second stage of labour. Hermeneutics was applied to interpret the participants’ descriptions of their experiences as they tried to make sense of their exposure to UFP; bearing this in mind, the participants’ own interpretation was not distorted. The researcher immersed herself in each transcript, in order to make sense of each participant’s experiences and to gain a sense of what the participant had experienced during UFP application. Each interview was transcribed and analysed independently; and the convergences and divergences of themes were identified without losing the original meaning of each participant’s description before moving on to the subsequent interviews. The target population was women who had had UFP during second stage of labour. A purposive sampling method was used to select three women who were admitted to the DVDHMOU during the research period and who met the inclusion criteria. Information was collected through individual face-to-face interviews and semi-structured interview guide. The principal question was framed as: “Can you please share with me how you felt when the midwives pushed on your tummy to get the baby out”? An audio tape was used to record the interviews, and a notepad was used to make notes of gestures such smiles or other facial expressions. After each interview, the recorded interview was transferred onto a laptop and a file was opened for the interviewee, identified by a pseudonym. The interviews were transcribed verbatim as Word documents. Trustworthiness was maintained by applying the principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethical Committee of the University of Fort Hare. Permission to conduct the study was sought from the Eastern Cape Research Committee and Buffalo City Metropolitan Health District. Informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to data collection. Each interview was analysed separately after completion. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis applicable to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) studies using six steps: reading and re-reading; initial noting; developing emergent themes; searching for connections across the emergent themes; moving to the next case; and lastly, looking for patterns across cases. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the informants had feelings of fear, loneliness, worry and tearfulness; but also happiness associated with UFP during second stage of labour. They were also worried and expressed fear and anxiety concerning their infants; and their ability to give birth increased as they get tired in the process of pushing during UFP application. However, seeing their infants for the first time took most of the worries away, and all informants expressed relief when the birthing process was over. They also felt that their birthing experience was a very painful event; and were left alone, and they had not been given anything to drink or eat during labour. Midwives threatened them that their inability to pushing appropriately, could cause the death of their infants, leaving them with feelings of guilt and despair when their babies did not cry directly after birth. The findings demonstrated that midwives did not properly inform women what to expect during the second stage of their labour, whilst the midwives expected birthing mothers to know what was happening to them and how to react. Women in labour therefore depended almost entirely on information received from family members, and went into labour with preconceived ideas about labour pain. Although women do experience pain during the second stage of labour, the application UFP increased their pain. Four main themes emerged from the analysis, which are: perceived severity of UFP pain,emotional/physical reaction to UFP pain, perceptions of UFP and perception of midwives care and treatment. Conclusion: The uterine fundal pressure is not a pleasant experience for the women in the second stage of labour. Labouring women experienced pain, fear, and anxiety. However, they felt a sense of happiness after delivery. Before the application of UFP during the second stage of labour, midwives should explain to women the process of UFP application and what they can expect to happen; and where possible, and after explaining the procedure, midwives should get written permission before they apply the intervention during labour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Extraction and characterization of antimicrobial compounds from selected marine invertebrates collected from Phillip's Reef, Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa
- Authors: Kibungu, Cuthbert Wasswa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Invertebrates Bioactive compounds Anti-infective agents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Microbiology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11751 , vital:39103
- Description: Introduction: The marine environment is rich in the biodiversity of medically significant invertebrate species such as sponges, ascidians, molluscs and bryozoans. Such a diverse environment is a potential source of a great variety of secondary metabolite production. Research in marine natural product discovery is gaining ground with the development of new therapeutic drugs of antimicrobial potential. Aim: This study seeks to evaluate, and identify bioactive compounds obtained from marine invertebrates collected from Phillip’s Reef in Algoa Bay. Methodology: Marine invertebrates were collected from the Phillip’s Reef in Algoa Bay, Port Elizabeth, at a depth of 12 m and the physichochemical parameters at the site of sample collection were recorded onsite. Sampling was done once over the four seasons in South Africa. Sections of each specimen were sent for identification, and extraction of compounds was done using organic solvents [methanol (95percent), hexane (95percent), petroleum ether (95percent), chloroform (95percent) and ethyl acetate (95percent)]. A ratio of 95percent the respective solvents was achieved by the following (1:19), organic solvent combinations [dichloromethane: methanol (1:1), hexane: chloroform: methanol (1:2:1)] and aqueous solution of water. Solvent optimization was done by measuring the absorbance of S. aureus (ATCC 49476) in Mueller Hinton Broth containing crude extracts at 600 nm. The appropriate solvent was then selected for further extraction of bioactive compounds from the specimens. Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was evaluated using the standard agar well diffusion method on test pathogens, namely, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 49476), clostridium difficile (ATCC 9689), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 204305). Different concentrations of the crude extracts were used [100percent, 80percent, 60percent, 40percent and 30percent (v:v)] and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined. Selected bioactive crude extracts were further evaluated for phytochemicals before being purified by subjecting them to Sephadex-G75 column chromatography, using 75percent ethyl acetate as the mobile phase. Bioactive crude extracts fractions obtained following column chromatography were subjected to Electron Spray Ionization Time of Flight (ESI-TOF) analysis using The Bruker Daltonics maXis compact ESI Quadrupole TOF instrument to detect and identify compounds present. Peak identification was done using the blast software contained in Open Chrom Community Edition (Alder), open source software for chromatography and mass spectrometry spectrum analysis. Results: Sixty-seven different marine invertebrate species were collected over the 4 seasons. A mean temperature of 17.35oC ± 2.06 was recorded over all four seasons with the Autumn exhibiting the highest temperature (20oC). Salinity readings obtained ranged between 35.12 psu and 35.27 psu. A stable mean pH range of 8.08–8.78 was also recorded across all four seasons. Salinity and pH readings conformed to the standards set by the South African Water Quality Guidelines. The Spring season exhibited the highest turbidity of 2.97 NTU compared to other seasons. Ethyl acetate and dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) extracts yielded the best inhibitory results. Approximately 60percent (4/67) of the marine invertebrate specimens showed bioactivity against some of the test pathogens. Both ethyl acetate and dichloromethane methanol crude extracts of S14 and S34 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi. The C6 ethyl acetate crude extracts were highly active against MRSA, as inhibition zones of 45 mm were observed. MIC at 30percent concentrations was observed for very few crude extracts against the five pathogens. Sixty-three ethyl acetate crude extracts contained phytochemicals while only 35 dichloromethane: methanol crude extracts contained phytochemicals. Neither ethyl acetate and dichloromethane: methanol crude extracts of S34 (Psammopsinia sp. 1) that were biologically active had any phytochemicals. Canadine, Ginkolide A, Apigenin, Amygdalin, 10-hydroxy-Camptothecin, Catechin, Beta-Peltatin and 6 Ethoxy-3(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin were identified in the crude extracts. Conclusion: Marine invertebrate species located at Phillip’s Reef produce compounds with antimicrobial potential. These compounds are biologically active against human pathogenic microorganisms. The best solvent to use for the extraction of these biologically significant metabolites is ethyl acetate, as this study achieved outstanding results from ethyl acetate crude extracts in the form of high zones of inhibition, for example the sponge Ectyonopsis flabellate, which exhibited mean inhibition zones of 45 mm against Aspergillus fumigatus. Similar bioactivity was also observed with Tedania (Tedania) Stylonychaeta against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first study done on some of the marine sponges and ascidians in the Phillip’s Reef, and therefore further evaluation of the purified compounds is necessary in order to obtain the identity of the pure compounds and possibly determine the mechanism of action, and synthesize structural analogues for further studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kibungu, Cuthbert Wasswa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Invertebrates Bioactive compounds Anti-infective agents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Microbiology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11751 , vital:39103
- Description: Introduction: The marine environment is rich in the biodiversity of medically significant invertebrate species such as sponges, ascidians, molluscs and bryozoans. Such a diverse environment is a potential source of a great variety of secondary metabolite production. Research in marine natural product discovery is gaining ground with the development of new therapeutic drugs of antimicrobial potential. Aim: This study seeks to evaluate, and identify bioactive compounds obtained from marine invertebrates collected from Phillip’s Reef in Algoa Bay. Methodology: Marine invertebrates were collected from the Phillip’s Reef in Algoa Bay, Port Elizabeth, at a depth of 12 m and the physichochemical parameters at the site of sample collection were recorded onsite. Sampling was done once over the four seasons in South Africa. Sections of each specimen were sent for identification, and extraction of compounds was done using organic solvents [methanol (95percent), hexane (95percent), petroleum ether (95percent), chloroform (95percent) and ethyl acetate (95percent)]. A ratio of 95percent the respective solvents was achieved by the following (1:19), organic solvent combinations [dichloromethane: methanol (1:1), hexane: chloroform: methanol (1:2:1)] and aqueous solution of water. Solvent optimization was done by measuring the absorbance of S. aureus (ATCC 49476) in Mueller Hinton Broth containing crude extracts at 600 nm. The appropriate solvent was then selected for further extraction of bioactive compounds from the specimens. Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was evaluated using the standard agar well diffusion method on test pathogens, namely, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 49476), clostridium difficile (ATCC 9689), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 204305). Different concentrations of the crude extracts were used [100percent, 80percent, 60percent, 40percent and 30percent (v:v)] and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined. Selected bioactive crude extracts were further evaluated for phytochemicals before being purified by subjecting them to Sephadex-G75 column chromatography, using 75percent ethyl acetate as the mobile phase. Bioactive crude extracts fractions obtained following column chromatography were subjected to Electron Spray Ionization Time of Flight (ESI-TOF) analysis using The Bruker Daltonics maXis compact ESI Quadrupole TOF instrument to detect and identify compounds present. Peak identification was done using the blast software contained in Open Chrom Community Edition (Alder), open source software for chromatography and mass spectrometry spectrum analysis. Results: Sixty-seven different marine invertebrate species were collected over the 4 seasons. A mean temperature of 17.35oC ± 2.06 was recorded over all four seasons with the Autumn exhibiting the highest temperature (20oC). Salinity readings obtained ranged between 35.12 psu and 35.27 psu. A stable mean pH range of 8.08–8.78 was also recorded across all four seasons. Salinity and pH readings conformed to the standards set by the South African Water Quality Guidelines. The Spring season exhibited the highest turbidity of 2.97 NTU compared to other seasons. Ethyl acetate and dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) extracts yielded the best inhibitory results. Approximately 60percent (4/67) of the marine invertebrate specimens showed bioactivity against some of the test pathogens. Both ethyl acetate and dichloromethane methanol crude extracts of S14 and S34 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi. The C6 ethyl acetate crude extracts were highly active against MRSA, as inhibition zones of 45 mm were observed. MIC at 30percent concentrations was observed for very few crude extracts against the five pathogens. Sixty-three ethyl acetate crude extracts contained phytochemicals while only 35 dichloromethane: methanol crude extracts contained phytochemicals. Neither ethyl acetate and dichloromethane: methanol crude extracts of S34 (Psammopsinia sp. 1) that were biologically active had any phytochemicals. Canadine, Ginkolide A, Apigenin, Amygdalin, 10-hydroxy-Camptothecin, Catechin, Beta-Peltatin and 6 Ethoxy-3(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin were identified in the crude extracts. Conclusion: Marine invertebrate species located at Phillip’s Reef produce compounds with antimicrobial potential. These compounds are biologically active against human pathogenic microorganisms. The best solvent to use for the extraction of these biologically significant metabolites is ethyl acetate, as this study achieved outstanding results from ethyl acetate crude extracts in the form of high zones of inhibition, for example the sponge Ectyonopsis flabellate, which exhibited mean inhibition zones of 45 mm against Aspergillus fumigatus. Similar bioactivity was also observed with Tedania (Tedania) Stylonychaeta against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first study done on some of the marine sponges and ascidians in the Phillip’s Reef, and therefore further evaluation of the purified compounds is necessary in order to obtain the identity of the pure compounds and possibly determine the mechanism of action, and synthesize structural analogues for further studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Extraction of diallyl sulfides and other similar compounds from tulbaghia violacea, a South African plant, for potential use as devulcanizing agents
- Authors: Sonti, Thembela Celia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Violaceae -- South Africa , Plant extracts Plant products Traditional medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23338 , vital:30533
- Description: Tulbaghia violacea is a plant that is commonly used for traditional medicine in the Eastern Cape and Kwa-Zulu Natal Provinces of South Africa for treatment of ailments, such as fever, colds, asthma, tuberculosis, stomach-ache and cancer of the oesophagus. This plant has been found to be rich in sulfur-containing compounds that may display good potential as devulcanizing agents. Commonly used chemical devulcanizing agents are disulfides, such as diphenyl disulfide. These have been found to be relatively expensive compared to other methods of devulcanization. This study aimed to show that the sulfur- containing compounds extracted from the readily available Tulbaghia violacea plant can be used as devulcanizing agents. The presence of sulfur-containing compounds in the plant was positively identified by qualitative phytochemical analysis. Extraction of sulfur-containing compounds from the bulk plant material was successfully performed using the Soxhlet extraction method with a 2% 2-propanol in n-hexane solvent mixture. There was a positive identification of sulfur compounds in the crude extracts of the bulbs, roots and leaves. Diallyl disulfides (DADS) extracted from the plant were successfully quantified using normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that in a bulb crude extract of 9.89 mg/mL concentration, there was 7.74X10-2 mg/mL concentration of DADS. In the roots crude extract of 10.26 mg/mL concentration, there was 2.93X10-2 mg/mL concentration of DADS; and in leaves crude extract of 10.47 mg/mL concentration, there was 3.69X10-2 mg/mL concentration of DADS. The crude extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness as devulcanizing agents by reacting them with vulcanized 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (TME), which was used as a model compound. A reverse phase HPLC method was used to identify crosslink species formed during vulcanization, and to monitor the broken crosslinks during devulcanization. It was observed that the di- and polysulfidic crosslinked vulcanized model compound species were not present in the devulcanized product. Furthermore monosulfidic crosslink species, a common end species of devulcanization, were observed to increase in concentration from the HPLC chromatograms. It was observed that the extracts from the bulbs and leaves of Tulbaghia violacea were more effective than the extract from the roots when applied to the vulcanized model compound. This study demonstrates that Tulbaghia violacea can be used as alternatives to petroleum-derived chemicals as devulcanizing agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Sonti, Thembela Celia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Violaceae -- South Africa , Plant extracts Plant products Traditional medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23338 , vital:30533
- Description: Tulbaghia violacea is a plant that is commonly used for traditional medicine in the Eastern Cape and Kwa-Zulu Natal Provinces of South Africa for treatment of ailments, such as fever, colds, asthma, tuberculosis, stomach-ache and cancer of the oesophagus. This plant has been found to be rich in sulfur-containing compounds that may display good potential as devulcanizing agents. Commonly used chemical devulcanizing agents are disulfides, such as diphenyl disulfide. These have been found to be relatively expensive compared to other methods of devulcanization. This study aimed to show that the sulfur- containing compounds extracted from the readily available Tulbaghia violacea plant can be used as devulcanizing agents. The presence of sulfur-containing compounds in the plant was positively identified by qualitative phytochemical analysis. Extraction of sulfur-containing compounds from the bulk plant material was successfully performed using the Soxhlet extraction method with a 2% 2-propanol in n-hexane solvent mixture. There was a positive identification of sulfur compounds in the crude extracts of the bulbs, roots and leaves. Diallyl disulfides (DADS) extracted from the plant were successfully quantified using normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that in a bulb crude extract of 9.89 mg/mL concentration, there was 7.74X10-2 mg/mL concentration of DADS. In the roots crude extract of 10.26 mg/mL concentration, there was 2.93X10-2 mg/mL concentration of DADS; and in leaves crude extract of 10.47 mg/mL concentration, there was 3.69X10-2 mg/mL concentration of DADS. The crude extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness as devulcanizing agents by reacting them with vulcanized 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (TME), which was used as a model compound. A reverse phase HPLC method was used to identify crosslink species formed during vulcanization, and to monitor the broken crosslinks during devulcanization. It was observed that the di- and polysulfidic crosslinked vulcanized model compound species were not present in the devulcanized product. Furthermore monosulfidic crosslink species, a common end species of devulcanization, were observed to increase in concentration from the HPLC chromatograms. It was observed that the extracts from the bulbs and leaves of Tulbaghia violacea were more effective than the extract from the roots when applied to the vulcanized model compound. This study demonstrates that Tulbaghia violacea can be used as alternatives to petroleum-derived chemicals as devulcanizing agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Facilities management awareness amongst high school learners and teachers in the Soutpansberg west circuit in the Limpopo province
- Authors: Nephawe, Tshilidzi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Facility management -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Facility management -- Research Construction industry -- Forecasting -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32894 , vital:32395
- Description: The Facilities Management (FM) profession in South Africa needs to start recognising and acknowledging the importance of formal education amongst the population. The question of FM being a career normally receives shallow responses; and it sometimes leads to a contradiction. The FM profession seems to be taking an ‘as it is’ approach, when it comes to the establishment of an education agenda; since there is no clear evidence regarding alignment and transition from high school to tertiary level, and then to the workplace. The level of awareness plays a significant role in all elements of FM practice. Even at the present moment, FM is still not a career of choice, meaning that anyone can be a facilities manager. There are parts of South Africa where the population is unaware of FM. Some had never heard about it at all. It was important to establish the level of awareness: with the intention of developing a critical awareness of FM as a career path amongst high school learners and teachers in the Soutpansberg West Circuit, in order to inform them of a possible career choice in FM. In this study, a mixed-model research methodology was used, which combines both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. A population was identified from which a sample of 14 high schools, 87 high school teachers and 2 299 high school learners was drawn. A ‘fit for purpose’ questionnaire was distributed to the participants. The data were collected by means of a survey. It focused on a survey; and it used a questionnaire that was composed of multiple closed-ended or quantitative-type items, as well as several open-ended or qualitative-type items. Thematic analysis was used for the open-ended questions. This study has successfully managed to determine the awareness levels of high school learners and teachers relating to FM, the need for FM awareness in high schools; and whether there were high school learners who wished to become facilities managers in the future. FM companies, tertiary institutions, and high schools must collaborate in the development of the FM career-guidance programme, in order to increase awareness amongst the teachers and learners. There were students who indicated that they were interested in FM as their career of choice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nephawe, Tshilidzi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Facility management -- South Africa -- Limpopo , Facility management -- Research Construction industry -- Forecasting -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32894 , vital:32395
- Description: The Facilities Management (FM) profession in South Africa needs to start recognising and acknowledging the importance of formal education amongst the population. The question of FM being a career normally receives shallow responses; and it sometimes leads to a contradiction. The FM profession seems to be taking an ‘as it is’ approach, when it comes to the establishment of an education agenda; since there is no clear evidence regarding alignment and transition from high school to tertiary level, and then to the workplace. The level of awareness plays a significant role in all elements of FM practice. Even at the present moment, FM is still not a career of choice, meaning that anyone can be a facilities manager. There are parts of South Africa where the population is unaware of FM. Some had never heard about it at all. It was important to establish the level of awareness: with the intention of developing a critical awareness of FM as a career path amongst high school learners and teachers in the Soutpansberg West Circuit, in order to inform them of a possible career choice in FM. In this study, a mixed-model research methodology was used, which combines both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. A population was identified from which a sample of 14 high schools, 87 high school teachers and 2 299 high school learners was drawn. A ‘fit for purpose’ questionnaire was distributed to the participants. The data were collected by means of a survey. It focused on a survey; and it used a questionnaire that was composed of multiple closed-ended or quantitative-type items, as well as several open-ended or qualitative-type items. Thematic analysis was used for the open-ended questions. This study has successfully managed to determine the awareness levels of high school learners and teachers relating to FM, the need for FM awareness in high schools; and whether there were high school learners who wished to become facilities managers in the future. FM companies, tertiary institutions, and high schools must collaborate in the development of the FM career-guidance programme, in order to increase awareness amongst the teachers and learners. There were students who indicated that they were interested in FM as their career of choice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Factors affecting female students studying engineering at a higher education institution
- Authors: Boshoff, Hildegarde
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Women in engineering -- South Africa , Women -- Education (Graduate) -- South Africa Sex discrimination in education -- South Africa South Africa -- Education (Higher)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21746 , vital:29745
- Description: Engineering is of vital importance for humankind. Engineering combines the fields of mathematics and science, including engineering science and technology, in order to solve problems in the real world and in order to improve the society and economies of countries. It includes the ability to implement ideas in a cost effective and practical manner. Some of these solutions may include sustainability, needs of society, necessary risks and protection of the environment. Engineers develop ideas by using production of technology in order to improve the living of humankind. This includes designing and manufacturing different products based on customer needs and expectations. Although a field in engineering is largely a male-dominated career, women are becoming more interested in this career, compared to a few years ago. The problem remains that female students are still in the minority compared to their male counterparts studying engineering. Therefore, universities need to find solutions to attract female students towards engineering. There are various reasons why female students choose to study engineering, which include different influences, encouragements and their perception towards the Faculty and the academic staff. Thus, the purpose of the research study is to identify the reasons for both genders, currently studying engineering at Nelson Mandela University, formally known as Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), why they chose to study engineering, what influenced their studies, their encouragements or discouragements and overall perception and experience while studying engineering. The main focus will be on female students. This research study was an exploratory, mixed method study, which contains literature studies, surveys and cross-sectional studies. A literature study was compiled by using secondary sources in order to identify the importance of engineering internationally and within South Africa, women in the workplace and female students studying towards engineering. The empirical study, which consisted of a survey, was compiled and distributed to all Nelson Mandela University undergraduate students studying towards an engineering qualification. Respondents were asked various questions regarding pre-studies and their perceptions and experiences during their studies. This includes their experience with the academic staff and the Faculty of Engineering in general. For the analysis of the data, both Descriptive and Inferential Statistical methods were used. Some of the findings from the research study include that both genders develop an interest for engineering at a young age (between ages 13 – 18). Therefore, an interest is developed during high school level. Both genders choose to study engineering for the same reasons. The interest for choosing a career for both genders was triggered by a qualified engineer’s influence. During high school, female students take part in science, mathematics and engineering programmes and participate in competitions or contests. Both gender’s science, mathematics and engineering abilities increased since they started their studies at a higher education institution. From the findings, both genders indicated that they have a high level of interest in engineering, they are satisfied with their choice of engineering field and they are committed to complete their engineering qualification. Both genders are confident that they will find employment in engineering that pays well. Female students believe that they are better at problem solving activities, they are more committed to their studies, they work better with other people and they are more confident in their engineering abilities compared to the male counterparts. The findings also include that during their studies, both genders receive encouragement from various factors, but the significant source of encouragement for both genders are their mothers and employment opportunities. Whereas the most significant source of discouragement for both genders are their grades or academic performance and the amount of time required for engineering. Both genders receive equal quality in lecturing throughout their studies and the academic staff do not treat female students different from male students. It is also significant that female students receive support from the Faculty of Engineering. Female students will definitely encourage other females to study towards a field in engineering and find the academic staff approachable. Academic staff does give regular feedback to students regarding their academic performance. Therefore both genders know at all-time their academic performance and therefore will be able to improve their results. There are not enough female lecturers within the Engineering Department. Female lecturers serve as role models for female students. Therefore, the University’s management team needs to investigate this matter. The research study concluded with recommendations and considerations, contribution towards the body of knowledge, future research and the limitations of the study. Furthermore, the study offers an understanding of engineering students at Nelson Mandela University, which includes their current overall experience during their studies. The treatise will therefore assist the readers and especially Nelson Mandela University to attract and retain female students by addressing their challenges they experience during their studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Boshoff, Hildegarde
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Women in engineering -- South Africa , Women -- Education (Graduate) -- South Africa Sex discrimination in education -- South Africa South Africa -- Education (Higher)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21746 , vital:29745
- Description: Engineering is of vital importance for humankind. Engineering combines the fields of mathematics and science, including engineering science and technology, in order to solve problems in the real world and in order to improve the society and economies of countries. It includes the ability to implement ideas in a cost effective and practical manner. Some of these solutions may include sustainability, needs of society, necessary risks and protection of the environment. Engineers develop ideas by using production of technology in order to improve the living of humankind. This includes designing and manufacturing different products based on customer needs and expectations. Although a field in engineering is largely a male-dominated career, women are becoming more interested in this career, compared to a few years ago. The problem remains that female students are still in the minority compared to their male counterparts studying engineering. Therefore, universities need to find solutions to attract female students towards engineering. There are various reasons why female students choose to study engineering, which include different influences, encouragements and their perception towards the Faculty and the academic staff. Thus, the purpose of the research study is to identify the reasons for both genders, currently studying engineering at Nelson Mandela University, formally known as Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), why they chose to study engineering, what influenced their studies, their encouragements or discouragements and overall perception and experience while studying engineering. The main focus will be on female students. This research study was an exploratory, mixed method study, which contains literature studies, surveys and cross-sectional studies. A literature study was compiled by using secondary sources in order to identify the importance of engineering internationally and within South Africa, women in the workplace and female students studying towards engineering. The empirical study, which consisted of a survey, was compiled and distributed to all Nelson Mandela University undergraduate students studying towards an engineering qualification. Respondents were asked various questions regarding pre-studies and their perceptions and experiences during their studies. This includes their experience with the academic staff and the Faculty of Engineering in general. For the analysis of the data, both Descriptive and Inferential Statistical methods were used. Some of the findings from the research study include that both genders develop an interest for engineering at a young age (between ages 13 – 18). Therefore, an interest is developed during high school level. Both genders choose to study engineering for the same reasons. The interest for choosing a career for both genders was triggered by a qualified engineer’s influence. During high school, female students take part in science, mathematics and engineering programmes and participate in competitions or contests. Both gender’s science, mathematics and engineering abilities increased since they started their studies at a higher education institution. From the findings, both genders indicated that they have a high level of interest in engineering, they are satisfied with their choice of engineering field and they are committed to complete their engineering qualification. Both genders are confident that they will find employment in engineering that pays well. Female students believe that they are better at problem solving activities, they are more committed to their studies, they work better with other people and they are more confident in their engineering abilities compared to the male counterparts. The findings also include that during their studies, both genders receive encouragement from various factors, but the significant source of encouragement for both genders are their mothers and employment opportunities. Whereas the most significant source of discouragement for both genders are their grades or academic performance and the amount of time required for engineering. Both genders receive equal quality in lecturing throughout their studies and the academic staff do not treat female students different from male students. It is also significant that female students receive support from the Faculty of Engineering. Female students will definitely encourage other females to study towards a field in engineering and find the academic staff approachable. Academic staff does give regular feedback to students regarding their academic performance. Therefore both genders know at all-time their academic performance and therefore will be able to improve their results. There are not enough female lecturers within the Engineering Department. Female lecturers serve as role models for female students. Therefore, the University’s management team needs to investigate this matter. The research study concluded with recommendations and considerations, contribution towards the body of knowledge, future research and the limitations of the study. Furthermore, the study offers an understanding of engineering students at Nelson Mandela University, which includes their current overall experience during their studies. The treatise will therefore assist the readers and especially Nelson Mandela University to attract and retain female students by addressing their challenges they experience during their studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Factors affecting patient perceptions od service delivery in Postmasburg Hospital in the Z.F. McGawu District, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
- Rakumakoe, Jacob Mogapi Chocky
- Authors: Rakumakoe, Jacob Mogapi Chocky
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Public health -- South Africa -- Northern Cape Medical care -- South Africa -- Northern Cape Health services accessibility
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17805 , vital:41262
- Description: Background: There is a requirement to provide proper and safe quality service to patients, hence a view from patients was deemed important as it can help the hospital to improve services rendered to them. There were two Provincial assessments done on National Core Standards in Postmasburg Hospital (overall scores were 32percent in 2013 and 48percent in 2014) and on both occasions, the Hospital failed to comply with the assessments and the implication were a suspected negative impact on the Hospital service delivery. The repercussions could be that the hospital might not be certified or not funded through National Health Insurance following a national assessment if the status quo remains. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the factors affecting patients’ perceptions of service delivery in order to inform health policy decisions to improve service delivery. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive design was used to collect data on 133 adult patients admitted for a minimum of three days in the different hospital wards. Participants were administered a structured pre-tested questionnaire to collect data relating to their employment status, the number of hospital admissions and the reason for hospital admission. Results: About 41.4percent of participants were neutral or not sure whether the nurses/doctors came often to the ward where they were admitted. The majority (51.9percent) were neutral or not sure whether the quality of food in the hospital was good; 53.4percent expressed uncertainty concerning the adequacy of benches/chairs in the hospital for patients to sit while waiting to be seen by the health worker; and 55.6percent participants were neural or not sure whether the ward/room had enough space for consulting. Asked whether the hospital was user-friendly to disabled persons, 53.4percent participants were not sure. About 43.6percent participants expressed uncertainty regarding the registration satisfactory nature of the procedures in the hospital; the water cleanliness for patients in the hospital (42.1percent); whether their privacy was respected by all the staff within the hospital (51.9percent); permission to be examined and treated (51.1percent); the nurse/doctor who treated them being polite (53.4percent); and the nurse/doctor who treated them being able to answer all their questions about their illness (56.8percent). On whether they will visit the hospital again, 49.6percent participants were uncertain. The majority (69.7percent) agreed that all prescribed medicine was available in the hospital; the staff explained to them on how to use the medicine/pills (67percent); and they were told on how to store their pills/medication (47percent). Gender, education and employment status of the participants affect exactly one dimension each. Females, those with secondary education and employed were more satisfied on the respective dimensions. Conclusion: Patient involvement is an essential feature in healthcare services. Patients influence outcome quality through compliance, defining the right symptoms and physically experiencing treatment. Patient perceptions and satisfaction with service delivery is a multi-dimensional concept that should be studied by operationalising it within its context. Consequently, a conceptual model to understand and measure patient perception and satisfaction of service delivery and care quality in hospital health care services is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Rakumakoe, Jacob Mogapi Chocky
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Public health -- South Africa -- Northern Cape Medical care -- South Africa -- Northern Cape Health services accessibility
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17805 , vital:41262
- Description: Background: There is a requirement to provide proper and safe quality service to patients, hence a view from patients was deemed important as it can help the hospital to improve services rendered to them. There were two Provincial assessments done on National Core Standards in Postmasburg Hospital (overall scores were 32percent in 2013 and 48percent in 2014) and on both occasions, the Hospital failed to comply with the assessments and the implication were a suspected negative impact on the Hospital service delivery. The repercussions could be that the hospital might not be certified or not funded through National Health Insurance following a national assessment if the status quo remains. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the factors affecting patients’ perceptions of service delivery in order to inform health policy decisions to improve service delivery. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive design was used to collect data on 133 adult patients admitted for a minimum of three days in the different hospital wards. Participants were administered a structured pre-tested questionnaire to collect data relating to their employment status, the number of hospital admissions and the reason for hospital admission. Results: About 41.4percent of participants were neutral or not sure whether the nurses/doctors came often to the ward where they were admitted. The majority (51.9percent) were neutral or not sure whether the quality of food in the hospital was good; 53.4percent expressed uncertainty concerning the adequacy of benches/chairs in the hospital for patients to sit while waiting to be seen by the health worker; and 55.6percent participants were neural or not sure whether the ward/room had enough space for consulting. Asked whether the hospital was user-friendly to disabled persons, 53.4percent participants were not sure. About 43.6percent participants expressed uncertainty regarding the registration satisfactory nature of the procedures in the hospital; the water cleanliness for patients in the hospital (42.1percent); whether their privacy was respected by all the staff within the hospital (51.9percent); permission to be examined and treated (51.1percent); the nurse/doctor who treated them being polite (53.4percent); and the nurse/doctor who treated them being able to answer all their questions about their illness (56.8percent). On whether they will visit the hospital again, 49.6percent participants were uncertain. The majority (69.7percent) agreed that all prescribed medicine was available in the hospital; the staff explained to them on how to use the medicine/pills (67percent); and they were told on how to store their pills/medication (47percent). Gender, education and employment status of the participants affect exactly one dimension each. Females, those with secondary education and employed were more satisfied on the respective dimensions. Conclusion: Patient involvement is an essential feature in healthcare services. Patients influence outcome quality through compliance, defining the right symptoms and physically experiencing treatment. Patient perceptions and satisfaction with service delivery is a multi-dimensional concept that should be studied by operationalising it within its context. Consequently, a conceptual model to understand and measure patient perception and satisfaction of service delivery and care quality in hospital health care services is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Factors affecting teachers' attitude towards the implementation of inclusive education
- Authors: Zukani, Ncediswa Millicent
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Inclusive education Mainstreaming in education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , (MEd) Education
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10094 , vital:35336
- Description: This study is a quantitative study done in selected schools on teachers’ attitudes towards the implementation of inclusive education. Despite efforts to ensure quality education for all learners through inclusive education in South Africa, indications are that many learners, especially those who experience barriers to learning, are still excluded from full access to quality and equitable education opportunities in mainstream schools. Research has shown that the success of inclusive education depends upon teachers’ attitudes. It also shows that attitudes can hinder the progress of the implementation of inclusive education. The paper draws on White Paper 6 which speaks to inclusion of children with disabilities in schools. As the legislative and policy framework for the implementation of inclusive education, White Paper 6 states that “a public school must admit learners and serve their educational requirements without unfairly discriminating in any way”. The study is framed by Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour, which suggests that an attitude towards behaviour is influenced by past experiences, previous knowledge and newly acquired knowledge. The study reflects findings from a questionnaire circulated to 75 teachers at three selected high schools, using descriptive statistics to analyse the data. Findings showed that there is no relationship between attitudes based on factors, including class size, years of experience, inadequate resource, and lack of adequate training but the main negative influence was found to be lack of support in implementing inclusive education. The conclusion is that there is no relationship between attitudes and the factors identified except lack of support. This research concludes with recommendations to address teachers’ attitudes in order to facilitate the inclusion of learners with special needs in the classroom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Zukani, Ncediswa Millicent
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Inclusive education Mainstreaming in education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , (MEd) Education
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10094 , vital:35336
- Description: This study is a quantitative study done in selected schools on teachers’ attitudes towards the implementation of inclusive education. Despite efforts to ensure quality education for all learners through inclusive education in South Africa, indications are that many learners, especially those who experience barriers to learning, are still excluded from full access to quality and equitable education opportunities in mainstream schools. Research has shown that the success of inclusive education depends upon teachers’ attitudes. It also shows that attitudes can hinder the progress of the implementation of inclusive education. The paper draws on White Paper 6 which speaks to inclusion of children with disabilities in schools. As the legislative and policy framework for the implementation of inclusive education, White Paper 6 states that “a public school must admit learners and serve their educational requirements without unfairly discriminating in any way”. The study is framed by Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour, which suggests that an attitude towards behaviour is influenced by past experiences, previous knowledge and newly acquired knowledge. The study reflects findings from a questionnaire circulated to 75 teachers at three selected high schools, using descriptive statistics to analyse the data. Findings showed that there is no relationship between attitudes based on factors, including class size, years of experience, inadequate resource, and lack of adequate training but the main negative influence was found to be lack of support in implementing inclusive education. The conclusion is that there is no relationship between attitudes and the factors identified except lack of support. This research concludes with recommendations to address teachers’ attitudes in order to facilitate the inclusion of learners with special needs in the classroom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Factors affecting the career advancement of black women in a selected manufacturing firm in Gauteng
- Authors: Netnou, Zola Nomzamo Joan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Women in the professions -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Career development , Women -- Employment -- Economical aspects , Sex role in the work environment , Sexual division of labor
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33578 , vital:32889
- Description: Career advancement is viewed as an important element of job satisfaction and employee retention, however the gender differences observed in the workplace globally mean that there is gender inequality even in career growth. With South Africa’s long history of discrimination, career advancement disparities are observed along racial and gender lines. The current study’s focus is on the factors affecting the career advancement of a group of black women working for a selected manufacturing firm in Gauteng. The study highlights the importance of both the individual and the organisation in driving career advancement and asserts that there are self-driven and employer-driven factors affecting the career growth of black women employed by the selected firm. The primary objective of this study was to investigate and analyse factors affecting the career advancement of South African black African women (hereafter referred to as black women) employed by the manufacturing company. After a comprehensive literature study, three self-driven factors (pre-career choices, career capital development and attitude towards gender discrimination) and three employer-driven factors (mentorship opportunities, organisational leadership and organisational culture) were identified as factors affecting career advancement. These were subsequently empirically tested. A quantitative research paradigm was adopted for this study. The sample chosen was the entire population of black women employed by the business in question. Using the survey research method, a structured questionnaire was distributed resulting in an 85% response rate. Cronbach’s alpha was employed to test the reliability or internal consistency of the research instruments, resulting in the minimum acceptable level of 0.70 being met. The data collected were subjected to statistical analyses using simple regression analysis, one-factor Anova and descriptive statistics. The simple regression analysis revealed that pre-career choices had a statistically significant positive influence on career advancement. Furthermore, the findings suggest a link between education and employability, as the majority of the respondents (53%) possessed tertiary qualifications. Although no empirical evidence was found to support the influence of the other five factors on career advancement, the use of descriptive statistics revealed clear differences brought about by variations in education, such as the significantly higher levels of career capital for respondents with post-graduate qualifications in comparison to the total sample. The findings of this study informed the recommendations made to promote the career advancement of the black women employed by the selected firm. These were recommendations for individuals to enhance their career capital through education and the pursuit of career goals, and for the organisation to support career development with a conducive environment that values all employees and affords them equal opportunities for growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Netnou, Zola Nomzamo Joan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Women in the professions -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Career development , Women -- Employment -- Economical aspects , Sex role in the work environment , Sexual division of labor
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33578 , vital:32889
- Description: Career advancement is viewed as an important element of job satisfaction and employee retention, however the gender differences observed in the workplace globally mean that there is gender inequality even in career growth. With South Africa’s long history of discrimination, career advancement disparities are observed along racial and gender lines. The current study’s focus is on the factors affecting the career advancement of a group of black women working for a selected manufacturing firm in Gauteng. The study highlights the importance of both the individual and the organisation in driving career advancement and asserts that there are self-driven and employer-driven factors affecting the career growth of black women employed by the selected firm. The primary objective of this study was to investigate and analyse factors affecting the career advancement of South African black African women (hereafter referred to as black women) employed by the manufacturing company. After a comprehensive literature study, three self-driven factors (pre-career choices, career capital development and attitude towards gender discrimination) and three employer-driven factors (mentorship opportunities, organisational leadership and organisational culture) were identified as factors affecting career advancement. These were subsequently empirically tested. A quantitative research paradigm was adopted for this study. The sample chosen was the entire population of black women employed by the business in question. Using the survey research method, a structured questionnaire was distributed resulting in an 85% response rate. Cronbach’s alpha was employed to test the reliability or internal consistency of the research instruments, resulting in the minimum acceptable level of 0.70 being met. The data collected were subjected to statistical analyses using simple regression analysis, one-factor Anova and descriptive statistics. The simple regression analysis revealed that pre-career choices had a statistically significant positive influence on career advancement. Furthermore, the findings suggest a link between education and employability, as the majority of the respondents (53%) possessed tertiary qualifications. Although no empirical evidence was found to support the influence of the other five factors on career advancement, the use of descriptive statistics revealed clear differences brought about by variations in education, such as the significantly higher levels of career capital for respondents with post-graduate qualifications in comparison to the total sample. The findings of this study informed the recommendations made to promote the career advancement of the black women employed by the selected firm. These were recommendations for individuals to enhance their career capital through education and the pursuit of career goals, and for the organisation to support career development with a conducive environment that values all employees and affords them equal opportunities for growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Factors contributing to non-adherence in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment in primary health care facilities, East London, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Petse, Siphokazi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Antiretroviral therapy -- Eastern Cape -- South Africa , Patient compliance , HIV-positive persons -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9734 , vital:34905
- Description: Aim: South Africa is faced with the major challenge of ensuring and sustaining the quality of services, including preventing and managing side- effects, and improving drug adherence, which are all critical, for the success of a comprehensive HIV programme. The aim of this study was to examine the underlying contributing factors to antiretroviral treatment adherence among HIV positive patients attending primary health care facilities in East London. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 371 HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment in xx primary health care facilities in East London, South Africa. The study utilized a self- designed structured questionnaire with both open- ended and closed ended questions, divided into socio-demographic, socio- economic, level of understanding and knowledge on HIV, quality of care and waiting times. Results: About 64 percent of the participants had a good knowledge of HIV, 25 percent had an average knowledge with few participants having poor knowledge of HIV (11 percent). Majority (92.2 percent) were counselled before starting ARVs treatment. Majority of participants (70.7 percent) do have money for transport to come to the clinic, while 53.1 percent experienced side effects. The majority (70 percent) of the participants were non-adherents. Concerning viral load distribution, 52 percent were undetectable, 26 percent unsuppressed and 22 percent suppressed. Marital status (married) (p=0.005), having no formal education (p=0.035), being Christian (p=0.007), alcohol consumption (p= 0.021) and viral load suppression had significant association with non-adherence to ARV treatment among participants. After adjusting for confounders, only non-Christians and unsuppressed viral loads were the independent predictors of non-adherence. Conclusion: The main contributing factors to ART non-adherence among participants on ARVs were marital status, level of education, religion, and Christians were more adherent to the treatment than non-Christians. Alcohol consumption also contributed to non-adherence and viral load. Adherence counseling should be done on each and every visit to remind the participants on the importance of taking their treatment. These factors need to be addressed to improve adherence to the treatment, decrease the virus in the blood (viral load) and improve their health in general.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Petse, Siphokazi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Antiretroviral therapy -- Eastern Cape -- South Africa , Patient compliance , HIV-positive persons -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9734 , vital:34905
- Description: Aim: South Africa is faced with the major challenge of ensuring and sustaining the quality of services, including preventing and managing side- effects, and improving drug adherence, which are all critical, for the success of a comprehensive HIV programme. The aim of this study was to examine the underlying contributing factors to antiretroviral treatment adherence among HIV positive patients attending primary health care facilities in East London. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 371 HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment in xx primary health care facilities in East London, South Africa. The study utilized a self- designed structured questionnaire with both open- ended and closed ended questions, divided into socio-demographic, socio- economic, level of understanding and knowledge on HIV, quality of care and waiting times. Results: About 64 percent of the participants had a good knowledge of HIV, 25 percent had an average knowledge with few participants having poor knowledge of HIV (11 percent). Majority (92.2 percent) were counselled before starting ARVs treatment. Majority of participants (70.7 percent) do have money for transport to come to the clinic, while 53.1 percent experienced side effects. The majority (70 percent) of the participants were non-adherents. Concerning viral load distribution, 52 percent were undetectable, 26 percent unsuppressed and 22 percent suppressed. Marital status (married) (p=0.005), having no formal education (p=0.035), being Christian (p=0.007), alcohol consumption (p= 0.021) and viral load suppression had significant association with non-adherence to ARV treatment among participants. After adjusting for confounders, only non-Christians and unsuppressed viral loads were the independent predictors of non-adherence. Conclusion: The main contributing factors to ART non-adherence among participants on ARVs were marital status, level of education, religion, and Christians were more adherent to the treatment than non-Christians. Alcohol consumption also contributed to non-adherence and viral load. Adherence counseling should be done on each and every visit to remind the participants on the importance of taking their treatment. These factors need to be addressed to improve adherence to the treatment, decrease the virus in the blood (viral load) and improve their health in general.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018