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Dislocation imaging of AISI316L stainless steels using electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI)

  • Authors: Pullen, Luchian Charton Morne
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Electron microscopy , Microscopy -- Technique
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64301 , vital:73674
  • Description: This study investigates the use of electron microscopy to image dislocations in high-temperature steels used in the electrical power generation industry. Dislocations play an important role in the mechanical properties of steels, which continuously evolve during component manufacturing and subsequent in-service exposure due to creep and/or fatigue. The dislocation density of the steels can potentially be used as a fingerprint to identify at-risk components that has either reached end-of-life or that was incorrectly manufactured due to forming or heat treatments. Traditionally, dislocation measurements are performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed on thin foils samples. However, accurate and precise measurements of the dislocation density in steels using TEM remain a challenge due to the time-consuming nature, small sampling volumes, and effects of sample preparation on the quantitative results. The aim of this study is to evaluate and establish electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) as a scanning electron microscopy method of quantifying the dislocation densities of power plant steels. This method can be applied to conventionally polished bulk samples allowing for large areas to be sampled. Samples consisting of AISI316L stainless steel were used as a model alloy (large grain size ~100 μm) to compare dislocation imaging using annular dark field (ADF)-scanning TEM (STEM) and ECCI. Three materials states consisting of a cold drawn rod (high dislocation density), annealed rod (low dislocation density), and an annealed sample subjected to cyclic fatigue testing (medium dislocation density) were investigated. Systematic investigations into the data acquisition parameters showed that an incident beam energy (20 kV), beam current (~4 nA), pixel size (5 nm), and working distance (4-5 mm) on a JEOL7001F SEM fitted with a retractable BSE detector could successfully image the dislocation structures for the material states used in this study. The ECCI technique was successfully used to determine the dislocation density in the three material states and the quantitative results showed similar trends as the ADF-STEM quantification results, but with less effort. Future studies using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) orientation mapping combined with electron channeling pattern (ECP) calibrations using a single crystal Si sample will allow for ECCI imaging under controlled grain orientations. Furthermore, accurate image segmentation of dislocations from a micrograph remains a key limitation, which can be improved with the use of advanced image analysis based on deep learning approaches. The quantitative dislocation density techniques demonstrated in this study can be adapted not only for studies of other power plant steels (eg. 9-12% Cr Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic) but also to other materials systems such as aluminium to study the recrystallization processes during annealing. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Early screening for the post intensive care syndrome in a tertiary ICU follow-up clinic in the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: van der Merwe, Elizabeth
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Critical care medicine , Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Patients , Psychology, Pathological
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63915 , vital:73626
  • Description: The Post ICU Syndrome (PICS) is defined as a constellation of new or worsened impairments in physical, cognitive, and/or psychological health which persist after critical care discharge. These deficits are more related to the patients’ intensive care unit (ICU) stay rather than to their original ICU admission diagnosis. Between 25-50% of critical care survivors suffer from PICS. There is a paucity of research on PICS in South Africa (SA). The primary objective of this study is to describe the incidence and co-occurrence of PICS symptoms, as well as the changes in instrumental activities of daily living and life roles in ICU survivors.The study was conducted in a multidisciplinary tertiary ICU in the Eastern Cape. Inclusion criteria were respiratory support for ≥ 48 hours, or a shocked state, and/or organ failure requiring ICU stay for 48 hours. Patients were assessed at six weeks and six months after hospital discharge. Physical impairment was measured by the six-minute walk test and ICU-acquired weakness by the Medical Research Council scale. Instrumental activities of daily living score and employment/educational status were determined. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-Revised questionnaires were used as screening tools for significant psychological symptoms. Screening for neurocognitive impairment was performed with the NeuroScreen application and compared to a matched control group. The Short Form-36 Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (HRQOL) was used to determine quality of life at baseline and study visits. 107 patients, half of whom had COVID-19, completed the six-month follow-up. Six months after hospital discharge, six out of ten patients were affected by PICS, five out of every ten suffered from physical impairment, four out of every ten reported significant psychological symptoms, with three out of every ten affected by both. Three out of ten experienced significant chronic pain. Overall, six out of every ten patients experienced significant psychological symptoms at either one or both study visits. Only one in ten had psychological symptoms in isolation at six months. Six out of every ten patients reported a significantly lower health-related quality of life at six months as compared to their baseline. Three out of every ten patients had not returned to their previous remunerative work, studying or home making. Neurocognitive impairment in this cohort was not verified, and this may have been due to the selection of the control group. However, there was a significant improvement in neurocognitive functioning from the six-week to the six-month study visits. Only 15% of patients received rehabilitation therapy after hospital discharge. Female sex, a higher co-morbidity score and an admission diagnosis of trauma were predictors of PICS symptoms. COVID-19 was not found to be associated with a higher incidence of PICS. , Thesis (D.Phil) -- Faculty of Health Science, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Elephant impacts on plant diversity and structure in the Shamwari Private Game Reserve

  • Authors: Halvey, Andrew Lloyd
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Elephants -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Elephants -- Habitat -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Shamwari Game Reserve (South Africa)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63777 , vital:73597
  • Description: Many African landscapes rely on processes such as fire, tree-fall and drought in addition to herbivores to initiate change across the landscape. In the Eastern Cape, elephant have a significant impact on the community structure and diversity of the vegetation they live in. This is most likely the case for the Albany Valley Thicket and azonal riparian vegetation of Shamwari Private Game Reserve, where browsing animals, particularly megaherbivores like the black rhinoceros and elephant, are the main cause of defoliation. The presence of large herbivores creates challenges when it comes to long-term sustainability and biodiversity of the vegetation in Shamwari. Vegetation monitoring provides essential information for effective management of megaherbivores not only in Shamwari but in many other similar reserves. The aim of this study was to design a monitoring plan for the Albany Valley Thicket and riparian vegetation in Shamwari using available vegetation metrics. The vegetation was measured in permanent plots (90 m line intercept analysis per plot) in the Albany Valley Thicket and riparian vegetation of Shamwari. Plot selection was based on thicket structural integrity using NDVI score as a proxy. In all plots, thicket structure was assessed using canopy heights measured every 50 cm along the line. Detrended correspondence analysis of the species abundance data suggested three distinct structural and compositional vegetation states for thicket and riparian vegetation: dense, intermediate and open. Significant relationships between NDVI and vegetation structural metrics across the condition states indicated that NDVI could be used as a proxy for vegetation condition. Vegetation compositional metrics, however, were not always correlated to NDVI and determining species diversity for the vegetation presents additional information useful for monitoring. The monitoring recommended for the reserve is to evaluate vegetation structural integrity annually in summer using NDVI. Areas of change could then be measured for diversity as well as for change in the abundance of selected plant indicator species. This information should be used to initiate management actions if unwanted change has occurred. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Enabling legislative coherence in the Eswatini construction industry

  • Authors: Hlatshwayo, Thandiwe Ncam'sile
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Construction industry -- Law and legislation -- Swaziland , Construction workers -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Swaziland , Industrial safety -- Law and legislation -- Swaziland
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64544 , vital:73748
  • Description: The construction industry is an age-old and highly dynamic sector that contributes to the betterment of human life through the development of infrastructure. The presence of regulations is crucial in ensuring the provision of quality, standardization, efficiency, and effectiveness in service delivery. Inadequate regulation of the construction industry has been identified as the primary cause of construction failures in both developing and developed nations. Eswatini is no exception to this issue of legislative failure. The Construction Industry Council (CIC) was established by the Government of Eswatini without initially determining the specific challenges faced by the construction industry in Eswatini. The unique legislative needs pertaining to Eswatini were not explored to ensure that the framework is tailor-made for the Eswatini sector. Given the industry's diverse and intricate nature, a generic approach would not be sufficient to create a unified legislative framework. The study was aimed at developing a coherent legislative framework for the Eswatini construction industry. This study used a mixed-methods research design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 297 participants were randomly selected from the CIC database for the quantitative survey. A total of 45 interviewees were purposively selected for the semi-structured interviews. Descriptive and inferential analysis were used for the interpretation of the quantitative data. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Exploratory Factor Analysis, using the maximum likelihood method with Varimax Rotation was employed to analyse the factor structure and correlation between items of the quantitative data. Additionally, the KMO and Bartlett's Tests were conducted. The ANOVA Test was used to test the hypothesis. Thematic analysis was employed for the qualitative data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that contractors in Eswatini recognised the significance of a well-functioning legislative framework and expressed dissatisfaction with the existing legislative measures implemented in the country. The key informant interviews highlighted various challenges, including the absence of regulations for the implementation of the CIC Act, lack of accountability and transparency in the management of funds for CIC operations and inadequate grading criteria. Other challenges that were revealed were insufficient oversight, unfair competition, corruption and limited stakeholder engagement. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Built Environment and Civil Engineering, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Estimation of a generalist meso-carnivore (black-backed jackal) population from a fenced protected area

  • Authors: Davidson-Phillips, Samuel Ralph
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Wildlife conservation , Carnivorous animals -- Conservation , Carnivorous animals -- Ecology
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63698 , vital:73589
  • Description: Since 2017, landowners, field guides, and management staff have reported large groups of black-backed jackals (Lupullela mesomelas) (here-forward jackal) in the Welgevonden Game Reserve, Limpopo, South Africa. This is linked with several observations of jackals predating on various ungulate species, potentially leading to unintended consequences on prey populations. These observations combined with an apparent poor survival rate of impala (Aepyceros melampus) and continuous declines in their number led to the perception that jackals could be partly responsible. Several studies have attempted to describe the ecological role of jackals within multiple environments, most of which have proven to be variable and context dependent. Human-modified landscapes along with the fencing of protected areas, may have manipulated the role of jackal within these scenarios. Jackals are wide-ranging and generally not confined by fencing, therefore their population trends possibly fluctuate within these anthropogenic landscapes. Re-introduced apex predators have been shown to facilitate food (provision of carrion) and simultaneously suppress jackal (active killing), this, however, remains difficult to predict. Jackals are classified as facultative cooperative hunters, and the term describes how they hunt in groups opportunistically when suitable resources of prey are available. The indication by several studies that jackals do actively predate rather than only scavenge, illustrates that the species has the potential to cause declines in an ungulate population. It therefore appears erroneous to exclude the species in terms of predator-prey relationships, particularly for land managers of fenced protected areas. The first step to any ecological management is the understanding of population size and trends over time. Unfortunately, little to no reliable methods exist to assess or monitor jackal populations. A popular tool for cryptic and wide-ranging terrestrial carnivores is Spatial Capture Recapture (SCR) models, typically through a camera trap array. These often rely on individual identities and an imperfect detection process to derive a statistical estimate of a given area. Jackals have been assumed to be individually unidentifiable and therefore these methods have largely been excluded. To address this a pilot-targeted camera-trap survey was conducted to improve capture and image quality. Following the role of this procedure, semi-automated software was applied to test the feasibility of individual identifications of captured images. This resulted in a subset of 58 right and left identifiable flank images, compiled from the highest graded images (n = 220) using the open-source Interactive Individual IdentificationSystem Beta Contour 3.0 (I3S Contour). I3S Contour assists users by distinguishing between unique contours on independent flanks without omitting observer effort and ranking. The effectiveness of the identification procedure was evaluated using three software tool trials, namely Computer-aided Annotation, Manual Contour Annotation, and Manual Contour Annotation (MA-2), where MA-2 included additional user-defined meta-data to images. Results showed that jackals could be individually identified from camera trap images and thus opened up the use of previously excluded SCR methodologies. Utilising the jackal database derived from the identification procedures described a total of 28 complete identifications (both flanks matched), 32 left-sided and 36 right-sided captures were used. These were derived from two independent survey periods split between seasonality (Winter & Spring). Two SCR methods were compared, namely, the Spatially Explicit Camera Recapture (SECR) and the newly developed Spatial Presence-Absence (SPA) modelling approach. SECR relies on full individual identification linked to spatial locations to derive spatial parameters to estimate population densities. The SECR methodology has been considered the most precise and was thus used as the benchmark. SPA relies on detections only (i.e., without individual identities), along with informative or uninformative priors. This must be across a spatial array that has detectors close enough to allow for simultaneous detections during each occasion (< 24 hours). Comparisons between these model outputs indicated a high degree of confidence interval overlap; however, SPA had a consistently higher posterior mode density estimate (63-64% higher), where the coefficient of variation between outputs also indicated the SPA having a closer relative precision. The targeted survey results for both model outputs for 2021 did not appear unusually high when compared to other studies. To assess the WGR population size over the long term, opportunistic by-catch data from a nine-year leopard (Panthera pardus) camera survey (Panthera organisation) was utilised. Model outputs from each of the years indicated that population estimates remained relatively stable. This was an unexpected result as the SPA densities did not follow the detection observations. This could be attributed to M not being set high enough (200) and the model reaching the limit, resulting in similar outputs between years. An alternative explanation is where the station spacing is larger than the diameter of the home range, which may reduce spatial correlation. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Science & Management, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Evaluating elephant, Loxodonta africana, space-use and elephant-linked vegetation change in Liwonde National Park, Malawi

  • Authors: Evers, Emma Else Maria
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Elephants -- Nutrition -- Malawi , Ecological heterogeneity , Vegetation and climate
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63744 , vital:73594
  • Description: Heterogeneity, the spatio-temporal variation of abiotic and biotic factors, is a key concept that underpins many ecological phenomena and promotes biodiversity. Ecosystem engineers, such as African savanna elephants (hereafter elephant), Loxodonta africana, are organisms capable of affecting heterogeneity through the creation or modification of habitats. Thus, their impacts can have important consequences for ecosystem biodiversity, both positive and negative. Caughley’s “elephant problem” cautions that confined or compressed, growing elephant populations will inevitably lead to a loss of biodiversity. However, a shift in our understanding of elephants suggests that not all elephant impacts lead to negative biodiversity consequences, as long as there is a heterogeneous spread of elephant impacts that allows for spatio-temporal refuges promoting the persistence of both impact-tolerant and impact-intolerant species. To date, little empirical evidence is available in support of managing elephants under this paradigm and few studies are available that infer the consequences of the distribution of elephant impacts on biodiversity. In addition, most studies use parametric statistics that do not account for scale, spatial autocorrelation, or non-stationarity, leading to a misrepresentation of the underlying processes and patterns of drivers of elephant space-use and the consequences of their impacts on biodiversity. Here, I evaluate spatio-temporal patterns and drivers of elephant space-use, and how the distribution of their impacts affects biodiversity through vegetation changes, using a multi-scaled spatial approach, in Liwonde National Park, Malawi. My study demonstrates that elephant space-use in Liwonde is heterogeneous, leading to spatio-temporal variation in the distribution of their impacts, even in a small, fenced reserve. The importance of the drivers of this heterogeneous space-use varied based on the scale of analysis, water was generally important at larger scales while vegetation quality (indexed by NDVI) was more important at smaller scales. When examined using local models, my results suggest that relationships exhibit non-stationarity, what is important in one area of the park is not necessarily important in other areas. The spatio-temporal variation of the inferred impacts of elephants in Liwonde still allowed for spatio-temporal refuges to be created, no clear linear relationship was found between elephant return intervals and woody species structural and functional diversity (indexed by changes in tree cover and changes in annual regrowth using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a measure, respectively) throughout the park. My study provides support for adopting the heterogeneity paradigm for managing elephants and demonstrates that not all elephant impacts result in negative vegetation change. I also demonstrate the crucial implications of accounting for scale, non-stationarity, and spatial autocorrelation to evaluate how animals both respond to, and contribute to, environmental heterogeneity. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Evaluation of road surface distresses using GPS and GIS techniques: a case study of the City of Johannesburg, South Africa

Exploring 3d printing of brass instruments: a comparative study of French horn mouthpieces

  • Authors: Barker, Dylan Bruce
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Horn (Musical instrument) , Three-dimensional printing , Instrumentation and orchestration (Band)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62755 , vital:72939
  • Description: The French horn is an orchestral instrument with a rich history that spans centuries, undergoing notable transformations in its design and functionality. A short overview of this history is provided in Appendix A. Originating as a simple coil, the French horn has evolved to encompass a complex valve system, multiple harmonic series, and a diverse range of modifications tailored to players' preferences and requirements. These modifications include mutes, grips, extra keys, and even the exploration of different materials for mouthpieces. The use of plastic rims on mouthpieces, for reasons such as allergies, thermal conductivity, and tactile sensation, has already gained traction among horn players (Tuckwell, 2002). In the realm of manufacturing and technology, the concept of additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising avenue. Referred to as the next "industrial revolution” (Berman, 2012), additive manufacturing has become increasingly accessible through desktop-scale 3D printers. This technology offers a viable method for producing cost-effective musical instruments and enhancers without compromising quality (Kantaros, 2018). As evidenced by a 2018 Roundtable report from the South African Parliament, additive manufacturing aligns with the trajectory of the fourth industrial revolution, prompting governments to develop policies and strategies to harness its potential. Given the significance of additive manufacturing, a comprehensive investigation into applying these new technologies for the horn is warranted. Specifically, material choice, quality of sound, and the experience of performing on a printed mouthpiece is investigated and compared to a traditional metal mouthpiece. While the horn is comprised of many individual components, this study relates specifically to the mouthpiece. A brief appraisal of the significance of the mouthpiece will follow in the next section. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Visual and Performing Arts, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Exploring resilience of social workers working within the healthcare system in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, South Africa

  • Authors: Deliwe, Olwethu Paul
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Social workers -- Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Resilience (Personality trait) , Health services administration -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (South Africa)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63824 , vital:73617
  • Description: Social workers working in the health care setting must respond to complex patient needs, a fast paced and multidisciplinary work environment, that are frequently not experienced as equalising platforms for the social work discipline. This requires a high level of resilience in social workers to remain responsive to compassionate human care, quality service delivery and selfcare. This study aimed to explore the resilience of social workers in the healthcare sector, in order to address the knowledge and practice gap and contribute to a better understanding of mental healthcare needs and coping resources of social workers, working in this field of service. The study was guided by two theoretical frameworks: The ecological systems theory and resilience theory. Informed by a constructivism research paradigm, the study employed semi-structures in-depth research interviews as a method to collect data with eight social workers as research participants, recruited via purposive research sampling from health and mental health care settings. The key findings indicate that social workers experience various challenges at work that leads to burnout as a result of the complex work that they do, and they are required to contain these and be resilient using different mechanism. All the ethical protocols were observed, and the necessary measures taken to enhance the trustworthiness of the study. The findings make a valuable contribution to the curriculum input for social work training and valuable insights for continuous professional development for social work practitioners in the health care sector. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Science, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Exploring senior phase teachers’ use of kahoot! Gamification as a formative assessment tool to scaffold mathematical understanding

  • Authors: Balele, Silence
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/423891 , vital:72102
  • Description: In South Africa, digital technology, particularly gamification, continues to become an important teaching and learning tool. Its importance lies in scaffolding mathematical understanding, improving the quality of assessment, and developing twenty-first-century technological skills for effective mathematics assessment. To explore this importance, senior phase mathematics teachers are encouraged to adopt gamification technology such as Kahoot! in assessment. The study adopted a case study research design with a interpretivist research paradigm, as this method allows detailed exploration and understanding of a specific context through a close connection with the participants. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires, focus group interviews, non-participant observations, and reflective journals. The research involved ten purposively selected senior-phase mathematics teachers from two schools in the Sarah Baartman District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study drew upon Vygoysky's Sociocultural Theory for its theoretical framework, while the Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge was used for analysis. The data analysis pursued an inductive approach. Adopting a thematic analysis included coding participant responses, organizing codes into concepts and categories, and developing a theoretical framework from the resultant categories. A four-phase process was involved: coding, conceptualizing, categorizing, and theorizing, was employed. This process and using NVivo software for data organization and management helped identify patterns, themes, and significant concerns surrounding the study's core subject. The findings from the study were as follows: Firstly, it was revealed that most teachers have a positive perception and attitude towards using Kahoot! for formative assessment, believing that it enhances teaching and learning quality. However, they showed scepticism due to insufficient Information and Communication Technologies knowledge and training. Second, teachers' pedagogical and technological experiences were predominantly enjoyable. Kahoot! was accepted as beneficial for promoting collaboration, interaction, and immediate feedback. Third, the study identified enabling and constraining factors in using Kahoot! for formative assessment. The enabling factors include Kahoot!, which was convenient and accessible, promoted immediate feedback and fostered collaboration and interaction. The constraining factors include Information and Communication Technologies and network interference, which posed limitations. The research concluded that Kahoot! as a platform for formative assessment indeed scaffold mathematical understanding. The study recommends increasing teachers' access to educational technology, incorporating continuous professional development programs, providing subject-specific training, and encouraging teachers to adapt to emerging technologies. The study also provided recommendations for future research to explore learner perceptions, employ a mixed methods approach to help quantify learner performance and investigate the pedagogical and technological experiences of senior phase mathematics teachers regarding formative assessment. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Exploring the continued importance of technique in the co-production of art with A.I.

  • Authors: Venter, Simon Denis
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Art and technology , Mass media and culture , Artificial Intelligence
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63573 , vital:73504
  • Description: n Plato’s Republic, artists are criticised for their perceived lack of rationality, since “art encourages and appeals to emotion,” insofar as “its ruling principle is the passions, which in a happy and well-ordered life must be controlled by reason;” indeed, on this basis, “the aesthetic experience” is even said to be “a psychological anarchy, [and] an orgy of misrule” (Collingwood, 1925: 156). However, this reification of reason in Plato’s hypothesized world,1 informed as it was by static hierarchy, has remained dissonant with the path of history toward entropy, as evinced by the chaotic flux of postmodernity. Certainly, this is exemplified in our own postmodern world, characterized as it is by ever greater degrees of disintegration into diversity, as the economic, social, and geo-political orders established in the mid-twentieth century are challenged and transformed into new paradigms through the increasing multiplicity of demands being made on them (Fowlie & Sills, 2011: 120-121). Accordingly, far from being a source of delusion and dissimilation, it could equally be argued that, collectively and individually, artists’ works reflect this kaleidoscopic trace of time more truthfully than the lens of reason, precisely because life – like art – is also largely psychological anarchy and an orgy of misrule. And within this dynamic environment, the reflections of artists, in turn, assume their value, as traces of what, for want of a better term, will henceforth be referred to as living dialogical time. That is, from this perspective, artists are not the political problem Plato suggested them to be, but rather as a whole comprise a reflection of the living dialogical time that, today, recognises itself collectively as humanity. However, while art has always involved material marks, digitality has recently changed this requirement, in ways which have raised a series of important and difficult questions for the world of art. That is, digitality has changed the wall of the cave into the digits of ones and zeros, which are eradicated at the click of an icon, only to be reconstructed at the click of an icon. Thus, the interface between art and digitality involves the former being presented with increasing opportunities for dynamism, but only at the expense of its materiality – insofar as such dynamism requires art to transition to cyber-virtual platforms. But in this regard, it must be remembered that, by definition, an icon is something which connects us to what cannot ever be represented, because it is beyond our everyday living reality, in an atemporal plane. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Exploring the perceptions of coloured Christian lesbian Women of the influence of Christianity on their identity development

  • Authors: Grootboom, Kim Jodie
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Lesbians -- Counseling of. , Homosexuality -- Religious aspect , Gays -- Social conditions
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63857 , vital:73620
  • Description: South Africa is a nation of which the greater number of its citizens are followers of the Christian faith. Coloured people form part of this population, as the majority of Coloured people in South Africa consider themselves to be Christians. In the Christian faith, homosexuality is considered to be a sin and is frowned upon which may result in difficulty navigating identity development of members of the LGBTQIA+ community. This conflict may, in turn, greatly affect the identity development and overall wellness of these individuals who may want to hold onto a religious identify, but are in conflict, as their sexuality falls outside of what is considered acceptable. This research study sought to explore the perceptions of South African Coloured lesbian women, who follow Christianity, regarding the influence of religion on their identity development. This exploration was considered necessary as it contributes to a gap in the literature on the influence that religion has on identity development for a queer person. The research study was qualitative in nature and research participants were recruited by way of the purposive sampling strategy and 12 participants were interviewed. Semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted as the data collection tool to the research study. Ethical clearance to conduct this study, informed consent, voluntary participation, the right to withdraw participation from the research study, anonymity and confidentiality, and no harm of the participants are the ethical points that this study adhered to. The research study used thematic analysis to identify patterns in the data and Braun and Clarke’s data analysis technique was employed. The trustworthiness of this study, was guided by Lincoln and Guba’s four constructs; credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability. The themes identified in this study were as follows: 1) The imposition on identity (subthemes of guilt and confusion; feelings of being lost and isolated); 2) The significance of race in prejudice against lesbian women; 3) Spiritual transition. The main finding of the aforementioned themes included an underlying understanding amongst they have at some point experienced uneasiness to “coming out” for fear of judgement as Christian lesbians. Although some participants were able to navigate through their identity development, they have experienced confusion and conflict in accepting all the different facets of their identity, simultaneously, due to judgement of other Christians who have imposed a “choose one or the other” mindset upon them. In addition, added minority stress within race factors were identified as a pinning point amongst participants, who felt that their experiences within their sexuality and religious interactions would be different, if they were other races. This highlights the triple minority stress that is faced by marginalised communities in South Africa. Finally, the participants expressed a transition away from religious communities, to a more spiritual relationship with their God, signifying a shift in religious interaction. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Science, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Exploring the psychological effects of children exposed to domestic violence: a scoping review

  • Authors: Mudau, Adivhaho
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Family violence -- South Africa , Victims of family violence -- South Africa , Abused children -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63893 , vital:73623
  • Description: An intergenerational sequence of violence exists within families such that children’s direct or indirect experience to domestic violence may result in psychological and behavioural effects in their adulthood. In addition to the implications on children’s emotional and psychological well-being, exposure to domestic violence seems detrimental to children’s expression of emotions. This study aimed to synthesize the type of evidence available on the psychological and emotional effects of domestic violence on children exposed to such experiences. By means of a scoping methodological framework, previously published literature addressing the psychological trauma that children experience due to the exposure to domestic violence was identified. Findings indicate that the consequences on children who have been exposed to domestic violence are broad and can be determined by various factors such as the child’s temperament, environment and genetic predispositions. In this study, 218 studies were screened, with 24 studies assessed for eligibility, whereby only 18 studies met the inclusion criteria for the study. in addition, through the discussion of themes below, it is evident that various factors such as age, cultural differences, gender, etc., play a significant role on how various children can be psychologically affected from exposure to domestic violence. While previous studies have focused on the psychological impacts of domestic violence on the direct victims, the study highlights the gap and attention that should be given to these children, and further encourages limited physical, emotional and any other form of violence that can occur and be potentially harmful to the children exposed to the domestic violence. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Science, School Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Exploring the role of herbivory in Albany Subtropical Thicket restoration

  • Authors: Hunt, Kristen Louise
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Shrubs -- South Africa , Portulacaria afra -- South Africa , Grasslands -- South Africa , Plant communities -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64060 , vital:73647
  • Description: This dissertation attempted to investigate the influence of herbivory on the success of thicket restoration, addressing a critical gap in the current knowledge within the restoration initiative. Despite two decades of thicket restoration practices, the role of herbivory in influencing restoration success has been assumed and not yet quantified. This research aimed to observe and identify herbivore species and their interactions that may affect the survival of Portulacaria afra Jacq. material planted in thicket restoration contexts. This research took place on three game farms serving as case studies within the Albany Subtropical Thicket (Eastern Cape, South Africa). Multiple experiments were conducted to assess how the concept of different “natural refugia” might impact herbivore interactions with planted material, incorporating factors such as planting around rainfall, within open and semi-intact vegetation patches, and in proximity to water sources. Trail cameras were used for real-time monitoring of herbivore interactions within planted sites to understand and quantify herbivore interactions with P. afra cuttings and how they may impact plant survival. Results from the trail camera monitoring (Chapter 2) indicate varied herbivore interactions occurring on planted material, with the primary herbivore responsible for these interactions varying among farms. Species interactions were not consistent across farms, and herbivore interactions exhibited spatial and temporal variability. Notably, interactions declined soon after the start of the wet phase when surrounding vegetation could recover, indicating the influences of alternative forage availability on herbivore foraging choices. Different herbivore interactions were identified and quantified through trail camera images, ranging from minor biomass removal (estimated at <5 cm of stem and leaf material) to more detrimental actions such as uprooting and leaf stripping. Consistently, planted P. afra survival rates (Chapter 3) were significantly higher for protected material than those exposed to herbivores, regardless of whether planted in a dry or wet phase. Moreover, when exposed to herbivores, rooted material had significantly higher survival rates than unrooted material, indicating the potential advantage of a well-developed root system in faster recovery after a herbivory event. This research explored the influence of various factors, including rainfall, rooting state, protection, surrounding vegetation, and proximity to water, on P. afra survival and how some of these factors may affect P. afra survival in relation to herbivore interactions (Chapter 3). Significant differences in cutting survival were observed between dry and wet phases, rooted and unrooted material, and material protected vs exposed to herbivores. While survival was not significantly different in experiments involving surrounding vegetation and proximity to water, potential patterns were identified, warranting further investigation. A clipping and defoliation experiment under simulated seasonal conditions emphasised the significance of , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Exploring the views of selected, unafflicted women from Walvis bay and Windhoek, Namibia, regarding intimate partner killing and its effect on their well-being.

  • Authors: Amadhila,Luise Utuhole
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Intimate partner violence , Gender-based violence , Post-traumatic stress disorder in women
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63653 , vital:73575
  • Description: Intimate Partner Killing (IPK), popularly known as passion killing in certain regions, such as in southern parts of Africa, Europe, and America, and also referred to as intimate partner homicide, is a global concern. In Namibia, the rate at which men take the lives of their intimate partners due to failed romantic relationships has sparked apprehension within the communities. This study delves into the perspectives of unafflicted women in Namibia, shedding light on the broader impact of intimate partner killing on female well-being. Using a qualitative approach, the study conducted face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with 14 participants. Grounded theory was applied to analyse the collected data and form categories from it. The data were transcribed and analysed using codes, thematic analysis, and interpretation. The theoretical frameworks intersectionality theory, social feminist theory, structuralist theory and systems theory underpin this study. The findings reveal that intimate partner killing severely affects women’s mental health, leading to vicarious trauma characterised by fear and anxiety. Participants reported difficulty experiencing positive emotions in their romantic relationships due to the pervasive uncertainty of this growing issue. Intimate partner killing leaves women feeling scared, unsafe, and traumatised, often prompting them to exercise extreme caution in their relationships to avoid becoming victims themselves. Symptoms such as feeling unsafe, scared, and traumatised align with post-traumatic stress and generalised anxiety. The study recommends implementing policy interventions and stringent laws in Namibia to prevent or discourage men from resorting to violence against their loved ones. Moreover, establishing assistance centres staffed with social work and mental health professionals is crucial to counselling and supporting women experiencing post-traumatic stress and anxiety resulting from intimate partner violence. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of behavioural Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Exploring youth unemployment through entrepreneurship education: a case study of Biziniz in the box in Newcastle

  • Authors: Ndlovu, Bonginkosi Siphelele
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Youth -- Employment -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal , Economic development -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63386 , vital:73267
  • Description: Youth unemployment is a long-standing social and economic issue in South Africa. One possible drive behind the ever-increasing rate of youth unemployment is the school curriculum that is still tainted by the so-called “bantu education” which is training learners to be job seekers rather than job creators. Government-led initiatives have served to empower the youth through capacity-building projects and financial assistance. One such example is the Bizniz in the Box initiative. Using a qualitative research methodology, and by examining Bizniz in the Box as a case study, this study sought to explore the types of methods, strategies, and outcomes that the Bizniz in the Box initiative used and produced, along with its role in imparting entrepreneurship knowledge and skill to its participants. Through such strategies, the study aimed also to find the possible role the government could have in the imparting of entrepreneurship education. By employing Vygotsky’s Activity Theory (1978) and drawing extensively on Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1970), the study seeks to make recommendations on how government initiatives could critically engage with school curricula and the ways in which government intervention and initiatives can aid school teachers that are ill-trained to impart entrepreneurship skill and knowledge, which is vital to abate the problem of youth unemployment. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Facilitating language communication in English using “VFL” in English second language (ESL) primary school science classrooms

  • Authors: Kemp, Hermione
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Science -- Study and teaching , Science -- Study and teaching -- Methodology , Communication -- Study and teaching
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63985 , vital:73635
  • Description: Many classrooms across South Africa have teachers and learners who are English Second Language (ESL) speakers. As a result, teaching and learning becomes a challenge, especially in science education. Science has its own language, which has concepts, terminology, definitions and more that teachers and learners are expected to engage with. The language issues seem to weigh heavier on the learners’ scale as they are learning the Language of Learning and Teaching (LOLT), while they are learning science. Likewise, science teachers face their own challenges in that they are trying to teach the language of science while their learners are still in the process of learning the English language. Therefore, this research study addresses the issue of using language as a resource rather than seeing it as a challenge so that it can enhance the learners’ ability to engage with science concepts. In doing so, this study introduces a group of teachers to using VFL to teach science education through a Community of Practice. Through the use of qualitative methods such as questionnaires, video-recorded lessons and a focus group interview discussion, this study explores how VFL enhance the communication of ESL primary school science classrooms. The vehicles that were used in this study are drama, poetry, visual art, stories, and music. This study adds to the conversation around using the arts to teach science as well as the benefits thereof. One of the findings was that the learners were able to recall scientific content. Multilingual classrooms are the order of the day; therefore, language issues will be present. The teachers shared the same domain in this study within the COP. This space enhanced the opportunity for the teachers to create a community, where they were able to learn, share and grow from one another. Thus, this study encouraged teachers to step out of their comfort zone and to restructure how they teach science by including VFL. Therefore, VFL are a platform for teachers to see themselves as change agents. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Education, School of Postgraduate education, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Factors affecting learning of English as a second language in South African schools

  • Authors: Notshulwana, Lamla Augustin
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers , Second language acquisition , English language - Study and teaching (Secondary)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63440 , vital:73359
  • Description: The aim of this study was to identify the factors that are affecting the learning of English as a second language in South African schools. Although many South African learners are not fluent or native speakers of the English language, they are required to learn the content of their subjects in English. This is because there is a lack of resources in South Africa to teach other languages and English is seen as the language that grants access to better education and job opportunities, and it is the language that is used to communicate worldwide. The input, output, interaction and sociocultural theories were used to inform the theoretical framework of the study. This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods in order to answer the research question. The participants for this study consisted of individuals who matriculated in South Africa within the period of the past five years and were taught English as a second language. The participants were approached through social media platforms. One hundred participants responded to the questionnaire and 14 were interviewed. The methods of conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires were used to help the researcher to gain a better understanding of the topic. The findings of this study indicate that there are still teachers in South African schools who are not well qualified or proficient in the English language. In addition, learners face a variety of challenges in learning English as a second language. These challenges are found not only within the school context but also outside of school. The learners’ external environment also influences their learning of English as a second language. These external influences include overcrowding at schools, lack of resources such as libraries or books, and parents who are not involved in their children’s learning of English. Being proficient in L1 is important in order develop L2 because a learner can use their L1 skills to learn L2. There are also affective factors such as motivation, confidence and anxiety that play a role in in learning a second language. One of the reasons that some learners perform better than others when it comes to learning English is because of the motivation and self-confidence that they possess. Anxiety related to learning English as a second language is seen as a threat to an individual’s self-concept. This is because learners might find it difficult to communicate well in a language they have not learnt completely. Learners need to be encouraged to achieve their best level in their English skills so that their learning outcomes can be improved. Also, in order for the literacy rate of poor performing schools in South Africa to be improved, teachers should be trained to teach the English language better, parents need to be involved actively in their children’s learning of English as a second language and the Department of Basic Education needs to develop programmes and a policy that puts emphasis on the use of English as a LoLT. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

From Clown Prince to critical phenomenon: Fashioning the Joker as a nomadic war machine

  • Authors: Goldmann, Talya
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Joker -- (Fictitious character) , Comic books, strips, etc. -- United States -- History and criticism , Literature and society -- United States
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62769 , vital:72941
  • Description: Based on the original clown prince of crime in the DC comic books, the Joker is one of the most notorious villains in cinematic history. He originated in the comic book Batman #1 (Finger, 1940) over eighty years ago, and he remains a prominent character across a myriad of media platforms. In film and television, the Joker has appeared in major and minor roles in approximately nine animated series, eighteen animated films, six live-action series, and five live-action films. Indeed, multiple roles, actors, and decades after the character’s first debut in the Batman television series (1966), the Joker continues to be well-received and sought-after, insofar as every time a new Joker is announced, the character garners more intensive publicity and the film as a whole becomes highly anticipated. Thus, what started as a simple clownish character in the role of a minor villain in Batman (1966), has evolved into a multi-faceted villain so captivating that he has recently earned his own stand-alone films, namely Todd Phillips’ Joker (2019), and the sequel, Joker Folie à Deux (2024) – where he is no longer the antagonist, but now the protagonist. In this research, firstly, key features of the Deleuzoguattarian schema relevant to this study will be presented, before capitalism – as the context of Batman’s Gotham – is considered through a Deleuzoguattarian lens. This study will delve into what makes the beloved Joker so extraordinary along with the aesthetic features associated with his meteoric rise to fame. In this regard, what will be theorized is that the Joker constitutes an example of a Deleuzean nomadic war machine: that is, a critical character who borrows aspects of the State Apparatus and then twists and shapes them into weapons through which he questions and mocks society for its authoritarian and ideological flaws, and with which he exposes its conceptual and ethical blind spots. In this way, he acts like a mirror, reflecting what is wrong with society, and by implication, with the human ‘nature’ – not only in the fictional world of Gotham, but also in the contemporary era created therein. More specifically, discourse analysis and film analysis will be used here, to engage critically with the Joker’s persona in relation to the changing contexts in which the various films were made, in order to trace the development of the character through a Deleuzoguattarian lens. As will be discussed, Phillips’ Joker (2019) signals the deterritorialization of the Joker from the ambit of Batman’s influence, and opens up the possibility for his further deterritorialization as an increasingly mobile and nomadic catalyst of critical thinking beyond even Gotham itself. Then, thirdly, an in-depth analysis on the five key cinematic Jokers will be completed in terms of the characters’ historical contexts, character backgrounds, and aesthetics. And thereafter, the deterritorializing ‘line of flight’ already underway – as by Phillips’ Joker (2019) – will be continued through the creative media production component of this study, which will entail the conceptualization, design and illustration of three new Joker manifestations, each of which will reflect critically upon failing systems in South African society across select time periods, and how these failing systems have contributed to the collective trauma of marginalized groups of people. The first South African Joker manifestation, set in the 1980s, will reflect upon the faltering political infrastructure during the Apartheid era. The second Joker manifestation, set in the early 2000s, will encapsulate the repercussions of the post-Apartheid neoliberal economic landscape. And the third Joker manifestation, set in the 2010s, will draw attention to sociocultural collapse particularly in the space of gender-based violence and sexual assault. Thus, the creation of these Jokers will act as an exploration of trauma, insofar as the tragedy and pain caused by the above-mentioned failing systems will manifest physically through their character designs. In terms of this, and in keeping with the dynamics of appropriation and inflection that are definitive of nomadic war machines, here focus will fall on how their character aesthetics pose critical questions about relevant issues in the South Africa. On account of this, although this research is by definition situated within the spectacle/performance paradigm, it also runs counter to the largely apolitical orientation of creative media production that occurs therein, through its emphasis, instead, on how such creative media production can also entail critical thought that is aimed at thematizing socio-cultural and politico-economic issues and the trauma that they create; thus, this creative media component aims to encourage a more trauma-aware society through art. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04

Grade 12 literary writing: Perceptions and practices of educators and learners in an English Home Language classroom

  • Authors: Krause, Sade
  • Date: 2024-04
  • Subjects: Creative writing -- Study and teaching , Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63122 , vital:73188
  • Description: This study sought to understand perceptions and practices of the literary writing abilities of educators1 and learners of Grade 12 at a high school in Gqeberha, Eastern Cape. Evidence reveals these abilities to be poor. Interviews with educators in the English Home Language Department at the selected school aimed to gain insight into their approaches to teaching literary writing as well as their comprehension and methods of implementation of the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement’s guidelines for the teaching of the literary essay. Focus group discussions were held with the predominantly isiXhosa or Afrikaans-speaking learners to gauge whether their identities as isiXhosa and Afrikaans speakers in the English Home Language classroom affect their perceptions of the literary texts they have to read and write about. Lastly, an analysis of the learners’ literary essays provided a window into the translation of writing techniques taught and learned. The study found that literary essay writing and literature study lessons contributed to the alienation learners experienced. Learners’ varying learning styles are not prioritised for literature study and literary essay writing. The educators’ selected approach is partly due to the overloaded curriculum which does not equip teachers with the information and skills to execute lessons which lead to effective acquisition of literary writing skills. The CAPS’s flawed premises of the nature of language and lack of support of educators’ teaching of the literary essay perpetuates the subjugation of learners. A framework is suggested to create access to academic writing skills for the learners. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Language, Media and Communication, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-04
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