The use of aeration in constructed wetlands and the potential for earthworm and crop production
- Authors: Cesler, Lia
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Constructed wetlands South Africa , Breweries South Africa , Water Purification , Land treatment of wastewater , Sewage Purification Aeration
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464440 , vital:76511
- Description: Constructed wetlands (CWs) are used in a variety of industries to treat effluent for safe reuse or discharge. They can however take up large areas of land. Adding oxygen can increase treatment efficiency, as it is vital to many nutrient removal pathways, such as nitrification and aerobic respiration. Increasing efficiency can decrease the cost of treatment and reduce land area needed to operate a CW. The study aimed to find the best method of aerating wetlands treating brewery effluent, the potential production of worms and plants in the system and their effects on water treatment. The first experiment tested a hybrid constructed wetland, using small (1.0 m3) ebb and flow filtration additions to a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland against nanobubble aeration in a similar horizontal flow wetland cell. It was not possible to add replicates to the study, but findings prompted further investigation into the hybrid setup. Experiment two focussed on the ebb and flow filters within the hybrid system comparing the presence of plants and worms. The ebb and flow filters increased dissolved oxygen (DO) from an average inflow of 3.89 mg/L to an outflow of 5.70 mg/L and decreased the ammonia content of the effluent from 14.8 mg/L to 11.2 mg/L. Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris) was successfully grown in the system and was found not to affect DO. The addition of both Swiss chard and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) was found to decrease PO43- by 17.69 ± 1.36 %. Experiment 3 compared the previous ebb and flow filters to trickle filters with the addition of celery (Apium graveolens) to both systems to determine which filter treated the effluent more effectively. The ebb and flow filters performed better than the trickle filters, increasing the DO by 37.54 ± 0.06 % compared to 19.22 ± 0.06 %. Celery increased this change in both systems, to 44.16 ± 0.06 % in the ebb and flow filters and 30.96 ± 0.06 % in the trickle filters. The ebb and flow filters were also able to decrease the NH3-N concentration by 36.1 ± 0.2 %. This effluent could sustain plant growth; Swiss chard grew at a rate of 0.04 ± 0.02 g/g/d and celery at 0.2 ± 0.1 g/g/d. Ebb and flow filters are better at aerating brewery effluent and decreasing nutrient load than nanobubble pumps and trickle filters. The addition of ebb and flow filters to the CW treating brewery effluent has the potential to improve nutrient removal and provide an edible crop. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Cesler, Lia
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Constructed wetlands South Africa , Breweries South Africa , Water Purification , Land treatment of wastewater , Sewage Purification Aeration
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464440 , vital:76511
- Description: Constructed wetlands (CWs) are used in a variety of industries to treat effluent for safe reuse or discharge. They can however take up large areas of land. Adding oxygen can increase treatment efficiency, as it is vital to many nutrient removal pathways, such as nitrification and aerobic respiration. Increasing efficiency can decrease the cost of treatment and reduce land area needed to operate a CW. The study aimed to find the best method of aerating wetlands treating brewery effluent, the potential production of worms and plants in the system and their effects on water treatment. The first experiment tested a hybrid constructed wetland, using small (1.0 m3) ebb and flow filtration additions to a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland against nanobubble aeration in a similar horizontal flow wetland cell. It was not possible to add replicates to the study, but findings prompted further investigation into the hybrid setup. Experiment two focussed on the ebb and flow filters within the hybrid system comparing the presence of plants and worms. The ebb and flow filters increased dissolved oxygen (DO) from an average inflow of 3.89 mg/L to an outflow of 5.70 mg/L and decreased the ammonia content of the effluent from 14.8 mg/L to 11.2 mg/L. Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris) was successfully grown in the system and was found not to affect DO. The addition of both Swiss chard and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) was found to decrease PO43- by 17.69 ± 1.36 %. Experiment 3 compared the previous ebb and flow filters to trickle filters with the addition of celery (Apium graveolens) to both systems to determine which filter treated the effluent more effectively. The ebb and flow filters performed better than the trickle filters, increasing the DO by 37.54 ± 0.06 % compared to 19.22 ± 0.06 %. Celery increased this change in both systems, to 44.16 ± 0.06 % in the ebb and flow filters and 30.96 ± 0.06 % in the trickle filters. The ebb and flow filters were also able to decrease the NH3-N concentration by 36.1 ± 0.2 %. This effluent could sustain plant growth; Swiss chard grew at a rate of 0.04 ± 0.02 g/g/d and celery at 0.2 ± 0.1 g/g/d. Ebb and flow filters are better at aerating brewery effluent and decreasing nutrient load than nanobubble pumps and trickle filters. The addition of ebb and flow filters to the CW treating brewery effluent has the potential to improve nutrient removal and provide an edible crop. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Thermoluminescence and phototransferred thermoluminescence of annealed α-Al2O3:C
- Elago, Fiindje Elias Muliokela
- Authors: Elago, Fiindje Elias Muliokela
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466688 , vital:76767
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Elago, Fiindje Elias Muliokela
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466688 , vital:76767
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Thermoluminescence and phototransferred thermoluminescence of tanzanite
- Authors: Opoku, Kingsley Acheampong
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464914 , vital:76556
- Description: The thermoluminescence (TL) and phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) properties of tanzanite, an extremely rare gem mineral, have been investigated. While tanzanite shows sensitivity to thermal and optical stimulation of luminescence techniques used for defect probing in insulators, it has received little attention in this regard. A glow curve corresponding to 70 Gy and measured at 1 °C s-1 revealed a high intensity peak at 74 °C (peak I) and two secondary peaks at 138 and 186 °C (peaks II and III). All the peaks exhibit a first order kinetics characteristics, as their positions remained unaffected by changes in either dose or partial heating (𝑇𝑚 − 𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝). For variable doses from 10 to 200 Gy, the dose response of each peak is sublinear from the analysis of supralinearity indices. Peak I fades at room temperature when readout is delayed following irradiation, and this loss is due to thermal fading. The secondary peaks do not fade. Various methods of kinetic analysis were used to compute the kinetic parameters. For the respective peaks, the activation energy is about 0.84, 1.00 and 1.19 eV. All the peaks suffer thermal quenching with increasing heating rate. Continuous wave optically stimulated luminescence measurements were conducted to supplement the TL analysis with the aim of evaluating the kinetic parameters activation energy of thermal assistance (𝐸𝑎) and quenching (𝛥𝐸). The OSL source traps are the same as the TL source traps and occur within 40 to 90 °C, 110 to 145 °C and 160 to 220 °C. The kinetic parameter 𝛥𝐸 when luminescence from all the source traps is considered is comparable to that when source traps within 110 to 220 °C are measured and does not depend on the dose (10, 50 or 70Gy). Except for irradiation to 10 Gy, 𝐸𝑎 is also comparable. For traps within 160 to 220 °C, 𝛥𝐸 is comparable for the different doses but higher than that of the other traps, and a similar pattern was observed for 𝐸𝑎. Measurement of the PTTL signal induced by 470 nm blue LEDs following irradiation to 150 Gy and preheating to 158 °C showed that the TL peaks I and II were reproduced under phototransfer. The analysis for order of kinetics and dose response yielded the same results as the convention TL peaks. The model used to describe the PTTL intensity time response profiles shows that the PTTL emanates from a system of one acceptor and three donors, where the latter is a conglomerate of an unknown number of peaks. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Opoku, Kingsley Acheampong
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464914 , vital:76556
- Description: The thermoluminescence (TL) and phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) properties of tanzanite, an extremely rare gem mineral, have been investigated. While tanzanite shows sensitivity to thermal and optical stimulation of luminescence techniques used for defect probing in insulators, it has received little attention in this regard. A glow curve corresponding to 70 Gy and measured at 1 °C s-1 revealed a high intensity peak at 74 °C (peak I) and two secondary peaks at 138 and 186 °C (peaks II and III). All the peaks exhibit a first order kinetics characteristics, as their positions remained unaffected by changes in either dose or partial heating (𝑇𝑚 − 𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝). For variable doses from 10 to 200 Gy, the dose response of each peak is sublinear from the analysis of supralinearity indices. Peak I fades at room temperature when readout is delayed following irradiation, and this loss is due to thermal fading. The secondary peaks do not fade. Various methods of kinetic analysis were used to compute the kinetic parameters. For the respective peaks, the activation energy is about 0.84, 1.00 and 1.19 eV. All the peaks suffer thermal quenching with increasing heating rate. Continuous wave optically stimulated luminescence measurements were conducted to supplement the TL analysis with the aim of evaluating the kinetic parameters activation energy of thermal assistance (𝐸𝑎) and quenching (𝛥𝐸). The OSL source traps are the same as the TL source traps and occur within 40 to 90 °C, 110 to 145 °C and 160 to 220 °C. The kinetic parameter 𝛥𝐸 when luminescence from all the source traps is considered is comparable to that when source traps within 110 to 220 °C are measured and does not depend on the dose (10, 50 or 70Gy). Except for irradiation to 10 Gy, 𝐸𝑎 is also comparable. For traps within 160 to 220 °C, 𝛥𝐸 is comparable for the different doses but higher than that of the other traps, and a similar pattern was observed for 𝐸𝑎. Measurement of the PTTL signal induced by 470 nm blue LEDs following irradiation to 150 Gy and preheating to 158 °C showed that the TL peaks I and II were reproduced under phototransfer. The analysis for order of kinetics and dose response yielded the same results as the convention TL peaks. The model used to describe the PTTL intensity time response profiles shows that the PTTL emanates from a system of one acceptor and three donors, where the latter is a conglomerate of an unknown number of peaks. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Towards a valid Afrikaans-translation of the CASr-SF: a linguistic and cultural transfer
- Authors: Steyn, Constanze
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465854 , vital:76659
- Description: Globally, and especially in South Africa, we face the reality of linguistic and cultural variation within one nation. Our nation is intricately woven from rich cultural and linguistic threads to create a complex tapestry. It is a beautiful privilege that is, however, not without its obstacles. We often do not have access to psychometric tools that “speak” the language of the respondent that we intend to assess. It is, and should, however, be, our goal to adapt and translate assessments to allow individuals to convey their experience in their language of comfort. This is crucial for psychological assessments' fairness, reliability, validity, and utility. Intimate partner violence (IPV) severely impacts mental health worldwide. An alarming correlation has been found between exposure to IPV and the development of mental health difficulties. In South Africa, IPV is considered a significant public health issue. Even though South Africa has a population of approximately 60,9 million, of whom an estimated 10.6% are Afrikaans-speaking, there is currently no measure exploring the experiences of IPV available in Afrikaans. Having psychological assessments available in Afrikaans is essential in evaluating the psychological experiences of people seeking mental health services in Afrikaans. The Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) – Short Form (CASr-SF) is a self-report questionnaire that measures experiences of IPV across three domains: physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. This study aimed to develop a meaningful and relevant Afrikaans translation of the CASr-SF to improve the linguistic accessibility of the measure and afford more ease to Afrikaans-speaking individuals in sharing experiences of abuse. This study followed a four-step translation design, including forward- and backtranslation, a committee approach, and qualitative piloting through cognitive interviews. Participants in this study included four independent translators who were approached by the researcher directly, according to their respective areas of expertise – linguistics and psychology. In addition, three participants were sourced from the target population through snowball sampling to partake in cognitive interviews as a confirmatory step and to potentially substantiate, expand on, and review results gathered during the first three steps of the translation design. The researcher ii compared, collated, and analysed the data to identify problematic items. The translation team then discussed these items to refine the translation, and items were corrected to develop the final translation of the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) – Short Form in Afrikaans. The translation is now ready for quantitative piloting, which is currently underway to establish its psychometric properties. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Steyn, Constanze
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465854 , vital:76659
- Description: Globally, and especially in South Africa, we face the reality of linguistic and cultural variation within one nation. Our nation is intricately woven from rich cultural and linguistic threads to create a complex tapestry. It is a beautiful privilege that is, however, not without its obstacles. We often do not have access to psychometric tools that “speak” the language of the respondent that we intend to assess. It is, and should, however, be, our goal to adapt and translate assessments to allow individuals to convey their experience in their language of comfort. This is crucial for psychological assessments' fairness, reliability, validity, and utility. Intimate partner violence (IPV) severely impacts mental health worldwide. An alarming correlation has been found between exposure to IPV and the development of mental health difficulties. In South Africa, IPV is considered a significant public health issue. Even though South Africa has a population of approximately 60,9 million, of whom an estimated 10.6% are Afrikaans-speaking, there is currently no measure exploring the experiences of IPV available in Afrikaans. Having psychological assessments available in Afrikaans is essential in evaluating the psychological experiences of people seeking mental health services in Afrikaans. The Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) – Short Form (CASr-SF) is a self-report questionnaire that measures experiences of IPV across three domains: physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. This study aimed to develop a meaningful and relevant Afrikaans translation of the CASr-SF to improve the linguistic accessibility of the measure and afford more ease to Afrikaans-speaking individuals in sharing experiences of abuse. This study followed a four-step translation design, including forward- and backtranslation, a committee approach, and qualitative piloting through cognitive interviews. Participants in this study included four independent translators who were approached by the researcher directly, according to their respective areas of expertise – linguistics and psychology. In addition, three participants were sourced from the target population through snowball sampling to partake in cognitive interviews as a confirmatory step and to potentially substantiate, expand on, and review results gathered during the first three steps of the translation design. The researcher ii compared, collated, and analysed the data to identify problematic items. The translation team then discussed these items to refine the translation, and items were corrected to develop the final translation of the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) – Short Form in Afrikaans. The translation is now ready for quantitative piloting, which is currently underway to establish its psychometric properties. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Trainee psychologists’ experiences of providing psychosocial support to educators during COVID-19 in South Africa
- Authors: Simonse, Allison
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465831 , vital:76657
- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the school going population in South Africa and Educators in the country were faced with several mental health challenges as a result. These mental health concerns coupled with the reality of living within the confines of a pandemic resulted in the need for psychosocial support. This resulted in formulation of workshops based on the needs of Educators, to be delivered via online means by Rhodes University postgraduate students in 2020 studying towards their Masters in Counselling Psychology. This study makes use of a case study approach to explore and examine the experiences of three of these students, so as to ascertain the implications of working online with groups amidst pandemic conditions. It explores how professional practice and the deployment of Community Psychologies have taken place during this period. Experiences encompassing the personal and professional development that occurred as part of engaging with Community-Based Service Learning during COVID–19 have been collected through the Single Question Inducing Narrative methodology, so as to enable the postgraduate student voice in the context of pandemic conditions to be added to the available literature, in an effort to position the application of Community Psychology critically within the South African context. It is hoped that the data generated from this study might assist in future programme planning and intervention, so as to encourage training standards to remain responsive to the times, whilst seeking insight into how value-laden praxis can be achieved through work at the intersections between theory and practice. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Simonse, Allison
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465831 , vital:76657
- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the school going population in South Africa and Educators in the country were faced with several mental health challenges as a result. These mental health concerns coupled with the reality of living within the confines of a pandemic resulted in the need for psychosocial support. This resulted in formulation of workshops based on the needs of Educators, to be delivered via online means by Rhodes University postgraduate students in 2020 studying towards their Masters in Counselling Psychology. This study makes use of a case study approach to explore and examine the experiences of three of these students, so as to ascertain the implications of working online with groups amidst pandemic conditions. It explores how professional practice and the deployment of Community Psychologies have taken place during this period. Experiences encompassing the personal and professional development that occurred as part of engaging with Community-Based Service Learning during COVID–19 have been collected through the Single Question Inducing Narrative methodology, so as to enable the postgraduate student voice in the context of pandemic conditions to be added to the available literature, in an effort to position the application of Community Psychology critically within the South African context. It is hoped that the data generated from this study might assist in future programme planning and intervention, so as to encourage training standards to remain responsive to the times, whilst seeking insight into how value-laden praxis can be achieved through work at the intersections between theory and practice. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Ubomi ngamahla ndinyuka
- Authors: Snam-Dyani, Linda
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465945 , vital:76670
- Description: Le thesisi yingqokelela yamabalana esiXhosa abalisa ngemeko yentlalo kwidolophana yaseMakhanda, eGqeberha nezinye iilali needolophana eziyingqongileyo. Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo lolwangoku noluthi luchaze iimeko zokuphila zangoku, luxuba namagama esiNgesi, lusongeza noburharha. Obu buncwane bolwimi buvela cacileyo kwindlela endibhale ngayo la mabalana - kwindlela abalinganiswa abalusebenzisa ngayo ulwimi kwiintetho neencoko zabo, kwimiba yobomi abajongene nayo, nakwindlela endithe ndazoba iingcinga ezidiza imivandedwa yabo, ngohlobo abakhetha ukuphila ubomi babo. Kuba incwadi yeBhayibhile inamabali athetha cacileyo ngexesha langoku, ekhuthaza inkululeko yomntu nangona yabhalwa kwiminyaka yakudala, le ngqokelela ikwajolisa kwinguqu ekhululayo eza kuncedisana nokujika kweelensi ezijongwa ngayo iBhayibhile. La mabali abonakalisa kwanendima edlalwa yiBhayibhile ekuphileni komntu ukunika ithemba kwimeko ezininzi zokuphila. Uncwadi olube nefuthe kum kuyilo lwale ngqokelela nasekusebenziseni kwam isandla sokubhala lolu: izicatshulwa eziphuma kwincwadi ebhalwe nguMxolisi Nyezwa ethi, ‘Bhlawa’s Inconsolable Spirits.’ Incwadi kaLukhanye E. Makhenyane ethi, ‘Kukhulu ukuthembeka kwakhe’, ‘Intsimbi’, ebhalwe nguP. T. Mtuze, ‘Umnxeba Wobomi’ ngokubhalwe ngu S.S.M. Mema kwanencwadi yeBhayibhile. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Languages and Literatures, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Snam-Dyani, Linda
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465945 , vital:76670
- Description: Le thesisi yingqokelela yamabalana esiXhosa abalisa ngemeko yentlalo kwidolophana yaseMakhanda, eGqeberha nezinye iilali needolophana eziyingqongileyo. Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo lolwangoku noluthi luchaze iimeko zokuphila zangoku, luxuba namagama esiNgesi, lusongeza noburharha. Obu buncwane bolwimi buvela cacileyo kwindlela endibhale ngayo la mabalana - kwindlela abalinganiswa abalusebenzisa ngayo ulwimi kwiintetho neencoko zabo, kwimiba yobomi abajongene nayo, nakwindlela endithe ndazoba iingcinga ezidiza imivandedwa yabo, ngohlobo abakhetha ukuphila ubomi babo. Kuba incwadi yeBhayibhile inamabali athetha cacileyo ngexesha langoku, ekhuthaza inkululeko yomntu nangona yabhalwa kwiminyaka yakudala, le ngqokelela ikwajolisa kwinguqu ekhululayo eza kuncedisana nokujika kweelensi ezijongwa ngayo iBhayibhile. La mabali abonakalisa kwanendima edlalwa yiBhayibhile ekuphileni komntu ukunika ithemba kwimeko ezininzi zokuphila. Uncwadi olube nefuthe kum kuyilo lwale ngqokelela nasekusebenziseni kwam isandla sokubhala lolu: izicatshulwa eziphuma kwincwadi ebhalwe nguMxolisi Nyezwa ethi, ‘Bhlawa’s Inconsolable Spirits.’ Incwadi kaLukhanye E. Makhenyane ethi, ‘Kukhulu ukuthembeka kwakhe’, ‘Intsimbi’, ebhalwe nguP. T. Mtuze, ‘Umnxeba Wobomi’ ngokubhalwe ngu S.S.M. Mema kwanencwadi yeBhayibhile. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Languages and Literatures, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Ukuma njenge ndoda: the making of Xhosa masculinities in Mthatha, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Silosini, Tandokazi
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466317 , vital:76717
- Description: This study examines how young men construct their masculine identities in daily life through the collection of activities that happen throughout young men's lives in Mthatha, Eastern Cape. The aim of the research is to examine how black men construct their identity as men. It seeks to examine the everyday ways in which young men speak of their masculinity, how they understand themselves in relation to women and the causes of gender-based and sexual violence in South Africa. The study conceptualises Xhosa masculinities and manhood within the framework of masculinist violence and the state. It demonstrates the intersection of manhood violence and the state within the discipline of international relations which is characterised by ideas of state security and war. Interviews with Xhosa men in Mthatha illuminated that boys are raised to be men who stand, articulated as ukuma njenge ndoda (standing up as a man), for themselves, family and community. Ukuma operates as an assertion and protection of self, a demonstration of independence and being self-sustaining. It importantly speaks to the gendered division of labour where over and above standing up for oneself, it is a man’s duty and responsibility “ukumela izinto zekhaya” – to stand up for his home and family. This thesis shows that the different forms that ukuma carry with them expectations of dominance and control or at least maintain the appearance of it. Ultimately, the concept of ukuma serves as a way to legitimise the use of force or violence in certain instances where men feel that an act of violence constitutes ukuzimela (standing up for himself) or ukumela ikhaya (standing up for his family). The masculinising of this duty implicates not only the men it is bestowed upon the women and children who are the ones supposedly protected and provided for. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Political and International Studies, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Silosini, Tandokazi
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466317 , vital:76717
- Description: This study examines how young men construct their masculine identities in daily life through the collection of activities that happen throughout young men's lives in Mthatha, Eastern Cape. The aim of the research is to examine how black men construct their identity as men. It seeks to examine the everyday ways in which young men speak of their masculinity, how they understand themselves in relation to women and the causes of gender-based and sexual violence in South Africa. The study conceptualises Xhosa masculinities and manhood within the framework of masculinist violence and the state. It demonstrates the intersection of manhood violence and the state within the discipline of international relations which is characterised by ideas of state security and war. Interviews with Xhosa men in Mthatha illuminated that boys are raised to be men who stand, articulated as ukuma njenge ndoda (standing up as a man), for themselves, family and community. Ukuma operates as an assertion and protection of self, a demonstration of independence and being self-sustaining. It importantly speaks to the gendered division of labour where over and above standing up for oneself, it is a man’s duty and responsibility “ukumela izinto zekhaya” – to stand up for his home and family. This thesis shows that the different forms that ukuma carry with them expectations of dominance and control or at least maintain the appearance of it. Ultimately, the concept of ukuma serves as a way to legitimise the use of force or violence in certain instances where men feel that an act of violence constitutes ukuzimela (standing up for himself) or ukumela ikhaya (standing up for his family). The masculinising of this duty implicates not only the men it is bestowed upon the women and children who are the ones supposedly protected and provided for. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Political and International Studies, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Understanding heat energy conservation: using traditional brick making in a Grade 7 Natural Sciences class in a rural school
- Authors: Godlo, Lindiwe Priscilla
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Science Study and teaching (Primary) South Africa , Traditional ecological knowledge South Africa , Social learning South Africa , Ubuntu (Philosophy) , Heat storage , Brickmaking South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463559 , vital:76420
- Description: Learners seemed to experience cognitive dissonance on the topic of the conservation of heat energy. My assumption is that this might be due to cognitive dissonance or conflict that learners seem to experience in science classrooms. This means the way science teachers teach science does not form part of learners’ contexts and hence has no relevance to them. To ameliorate this dilemma, the South African Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document requires teachers to integrate indigenous knowledge into science teaching and learning but does not provide explicit methods on how to do it. It is against this backdrop that this study explored how the use of traditional brick making method can support learners to make sense of the topic of conservation of heat energy. Underpinned by the interpretivist and Indigenous research paradigms, a qualitative case study design was employed. Twenty-four Grade 7 Natural Sciences learners, four indigenous knowledge custodians (IKCs) (who were all women), and a critical friend participated in this study. Data sets were generated through several methods: learner group activity; participatory and lesson observations; a sharing circle; and learners’ reflective journals. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ogunniyi’s Contiguity Argumentative Theory were used as theoretical lenses to analyse data. The findings revealed that during the demonstration by the IKCs, learners were able to identify science concepts related to the conservation of heat energy which means they understood the science concept. Learners’ argumentation and sense-making of the aforementioned topic and related concepts greatly improved. Based on the research findings, I thus recommend that teachers should tap into IKCs’ cultural heritage to contextualise and make science relevant and more meaningful to learners. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Godlo, Lindiwe Priscilla
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Science Study and teaching (Primary) South Africa , Traditional ecological knowledge South Africa , Social learning South Africa , Ubuntu (Philosophy) , Heat storage , Brickmaking South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463559 , vital:76420
- Description: Learners seemed to experience cognitive dissonance on the topic of the conservation of heat energy. My assumption is that this might be due to cognitive dissonance or conflict that learners seem to experience in science classrooms. This means the way science teachers teach science does not form part of learners’ contexts and hence has no relevance to them. To ameliorate this dilemma, the South African Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document requires teachers to integrate indigenous knowledge into science teaching and learning but does not provide explicit methods on how to do it. It is against this backdrop that this study explored how the use of traditional brick making method can support learners to make sense of the topic of conservation of heat energy. Underpinned by the interpretivist and Indigenous research paradigms, a qualitative case study design was employed. Twenty-four Grade 7 Natural Sciences learners, four indigenous knowledge custodians (IKCs) (who were all women), and a critical friend participated in this study. Data sets were generated through several methods: learner group activity; participatory and lesson observations; a sharing circle; and learners’ reflective journals. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ogunniyi’s Contiguity Argumentative Theory were used as theoretical lenses to analyse data. The findings revealed that during the demonstration by the IKCs, learners were able to identify science concepts related to the conservation of heat energy which means they understood the science concept. Learners’ argumentation and sense-making of the aforementioned topic and related concepts greatly improved. Based on the research findings, I thus recommend that teachers should tap into IKCs’ cultural heritage to contextualise and make science relevant and more meaningful to learners. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Using in silico approaches to ascertain selective novel orthosteric and allosteric inhibitors of plasmodium falciparum Prolyl-tRNA synthetase for the development of antimalarial drugs
- Authors: Ramahala, Rabelani
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463963 , vital:76461
- Description: Access restricted. Exxpected release in 2026. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Ramahala, Rabelani
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463963 , vital:76461
- Description: Access restricted. Exxpected release in 2026. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Using the indigenous technology of organic crop farming to mediate learning in Grade 12 Agricultural Science classes
- Authors: Sheehama, Lydia Ndapandula
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463614 , vital:76425
- Description: The Namibian Curriculum for Basic Education states clearly that Indigenous Knowledge (IK) should be integrated into science teaching. However, the irony is that it does not give clear pedagogical guidelines on how it should be integrated. The implication is that the curriculum assumes that all teachers are aware of how to integrate IK into their teaching. This assumption has therefore led to little or no integration of IK in many classrooms in Namibia, something which could be in part a contributing factor to poor learners’ academic performance in science subjects and Agricultural Science in particular. This tension in the curriculum plus the apparent gap in the literature regarding the integration of IK has triggered my interest to conduct this interventionist qualitative case study. Essentially, this study aimed to explore affordances and/or hindrances when using the indigenous technology of organic crop farming to mediate learning in Grade 12 Agricultural Science classes in peri-urban schools in the Oshana region in Namibia. The study was underpinned by the interpretivist and Ubuntu paradigms. Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory and Shulman’s (1986) pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) framework were used as lenses to analyse my data. Within PCK, I also used Mavhunga and Rollnick’s (2013) Topic-Specific PCK as an analytical framework. The findings of the study revealed that the integration of Indigenous knowledge in Agricultural Science education has great potential in improving both the teaching and learnng of science. It also revealed that the Agricultural Science teachers were positive towards the integration of IK in their lessons. However, they conceded that they lacked pedagogical insights on how to integrate IK as they were never trained on how to integrate it. As a result, they found the presentations by the Indigenous Knowledge Custodians (IKCs) informative and shed light on how they could integrate IK during teaching and learning. That is, they became cultural knowledge brokers making science relevant and accessible to their learners. The study thus recommends that teacher training institutions should modify the curriculum to include a pedagogy course module on IK to equip students with the essential PCK on IK integration in science teaching. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Sheehama, Lydia Ndapandula
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463614 , vital:76425
- Description: The Namibian Curriculum for Basic Education states clearly that Indigenous Knowledge (IK) should be integrated into science teaching. However, the irony is that it does not give clear pedagogical guidelines on how it should be integrated. The implication is that the curriculum assumes that all teachers are aware of how to integrate IK into their teaching. This assumption has therefore led to little or no integration of IK in many classrooms in Namibia, something which could be in part a contributing factor to poor learners’ academic performance in science subjects and Agricultural Science in particular. This tension in the curriculum plus the apparent gap in the literature regarding the integration of IK has triggered my interest to conduct this interventionist qualitative case study. Essentially, this study aimed to explore affordances and/or hindrances when using the indigenous technology of organic crop farming to mediate learning in Grade 12 Agricultural Science classes in peri-urban schools in the Oshana region in Namibia. The study was underpinned by the interpretivist and Ubuntu paradigms. Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory and Shulman’s (1986) pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) framework were used as lenses to analyse my data. Within PCK, I also used Mavhunga and Rollnick’s (2013) Topic-Specific PCK as an analytical framework. The findings of the study revealed that the integration of Indigenous knowledge in Agricultural Science education has great potential in improving both the teaching and learnng of science. It also revealed that the Agricultural Science teachers were positive towards the integration of IK in their lessons. However, they conceded that they lacked pedagogical insights on how to integrate IK as they were never trained on how to integrate it. As a result, they found the presentations by the Indigenous Knowledge Custodians (IKCs) informative and shed light on how they could integrate IK during teaching and learning. That is, they became cultural knowledge brokers making science relevant and accessible to their learners. The study thus recommends that teacher training institutions should modify the curriculum to include a pedagogy course module on IK to equip students with the essential PCK on IK integration in science teaching. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
What is remembered & what is forgotten: shipwrecks and social memory on South Africa’s Sunshine Coast
- Authors: Dickson-Bow, Emma Jane
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465876 , vital:76664
- Description: Maritime heritage and its representation in South Africa, has been shaped by a settler colonial community heritage consciousness emphasising a heroic moral discourse legitimising local presence by settler communities. While much has been done to decolonise the representation of South African maritime heritage, at the local level small scale memorialisation continues to valorise maritime narratives that highlight the heroic aspects of historical settler colonial society, effectively concealing more fulsome of historical maritime events. Shipwrecks can function as potent tangible and intangible symbols of historical events, articulating a variety of perspectives on what constitutes social memory and history. This thesis examines the extension of public knowledge and representation of shipwreck maritime heritage on the Eastern Cape’s coastal belt, known in tourist branding vernacular as the ‘Sunshine Coast’ (East London to Port Elizabeth). The case study of ‘The Volo’, a Norwegian barge wrecked near present day Kenton-on-Sea and Bushman’s River Mouth (Boesmansriviermond) demonstrates how shipwreck narratives presented at the local public level can articulate a settler colonial community heritage consciousness that erases wider accounts of such stories. The reinterpretation and decentring of settler colonial maritime heritage stories allows for a more diverse and inclusive narrative that has the potential to promote social cohesion and social justice within restorative history work. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Dickson-Bow, Emma Jane
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465876 , vital:76664
- Description: Maritime heritage and its representation in South Africa, has been shaped by a settler colonial community heritage consciousness emphasising a heroic moral discourse legitimising local presence by settler communities. While much has been done to decolonise the representation of South African maritime heritage, at the local level small scale memorialisation continues to valorise maritime narratives that highlight the heroic aspects of historical settler colonial society, effectively concealing more fulsome of historical maritime events. Shipwrecks can function as potent tangible and intangible symbols of historical events, articulating a variety of perspectives on what constitutes social memory and history. This thesis examines the extension of public knowledge and representation of shipwreck maritime heritage on the Eastern Cape’s coastal belt, known in tourist branding vernacular as the ‘Sunshine Coast’ (East London to Port Elizabeth). The case study of ‘The Volo’, a Norwegian barge wrecked near present day Kenton-on-Sea and Bushman’s River Mouth (Boesmansriviermond) demonstrates how shipwreck narratives presented at the local public level can articulate a settler colonial community heritage consciousness that erases wider accounts of such stories. The reinterpretation and decentring of settler colonial maritime heritage stories allows for a more diverse and inclusive narrative that has the potential to promote social cohesion and social justice within restorative history work. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
“But we are shying all of us away, from that thing”: the Coronavirus Pandemic and the crisis of teenage pregnancies in Kenya
- Authors: Kipury, Siraiyion Soinda
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465989 , vital:76674
- Description: This thesis historicises the post-colonial discourse on teenage pregnancy in Kenya. The coronavirus pandemic lockdowns in 2020 led to an increase in sexual violence perpetrated largely against teenage girls, resulting in pregnancy. This crisis revealed that the current discourse has created silence around sex and rape. It therefore does not consider the circumstances surrounding the pregnancies of teenage girls and for that reason perpetuates stereotypes of them being poor, irresponsible, dropouts. It finds that these ideas materialise in the form of adolescent sexual and reproductive health legislation which has real effects on pregnant teenage girls. Through a lack of law and policy enforcement, the discourse legitimises itself in a cyclic fashion. It argues that understanding the way the discourse has perpetuated itself from the past into the present is key to transforming this legislation and therefore their experiences. It uses an Oral History methodology to centre the perspectives of women who had teenage pregnancies in the past, and uses their stories to develop an understanding of how the discourse functions. It identifies news media and legislation as two major sites of discourse, carrying out an analysis of the language and content exhibited to observe the way cultural stereotypes around teenage pregnancy are preserved and re-created. It draws parallels between past and present sexual and reproductive health laws (1963-2020) to demonstrate the longevity of gendered and misogynistic ideologies surrounding women’s sexuality. It finds that language, blame/shame, and exclusion are the means through which the discourse has impressed itself upon Kenyan society throughout the post-colonial period. This thesis concludes that becoming aware of these means renders the discourse abnormal and unnatural, therefore creating the possibility of opening it up to change. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Kipury, Siraiyion Soinda
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465989 , vital:76674
- Description: This thesis historicises the post-colonial discourse on teenage pregnancy in Kenya. The coronavirus pandemic lockdowns in 2020 led to an increase in sexual violence perpetrated largely against teenage girls, resulting in pregnancy. This crisis revealed that the current discourse has created silence around sex and rape. It therefore does not consider the circumstances surrounding the pregnancies of teenage girls and for that reason perpetuates stereotypes of them being poor, irresponsible, dropouts. It finds that these ideas materialise in the form of adolescent sexual and reproductive health legislation which has real effects on pregnant teenage girls. Through a lack of law and policy enforcement, the discourse legitimises itself in a cyclic fashion. It argues that understanding the way the discourse has perpetuated itself from the past into the present is key to transforming this legislation and therefore their experiences. It uses an Oral History methodology to centre the perspectives of women who had teenage pregnancies in the past, and uses their stories to develop an understanding of how the discourse functions. It identifies news media and legislation as two major sites of discourse, carrying out an analysis of the language and content exhibited to observe the way cultural stereotypes around teenage pregnancy are preserved and re-created. It draws parallels between past and present sexual and reproductive health laws (1963-2020) to demonstrate the longevity of gendered and misogynistic ideologies surrounding women’s sexuality. It finds that language, blame/shame, and exclusion are the means through which the discourse has impressed itself upon Kenyan society throughout the post-colonial period. This thesis concludes that becoming aware of these means renders the discourse abnormal and unnatural, therefore creating the possibility of opening it up to change. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
“What’s good fam?”: African digital sociality and notions of community and family in the UCKAR Facebook group
- Authors: Dube, Hope Mutipeni
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465887 , vital:76665
- Description: This study explores the digital sociality of the UCKAR Facebook group. This student Facebook group was formed during the 2015 #RhodesMustFall period. The acronym UCKAR stands for the “University Currently Known As Rhodes” and signifies hope for the transformation of the university. Qualitative interviews were conducted to investigate how UCKAR Facebook group understood and interpreted their sociality, i.e. what do they mean when they say “we” or “us”; how such understandings emerged from group membership descriptions and interpersonal obligations as well as the actual social interactions and participation in the group through digital practices, that is, posting and commenting. A qualitative thematic analysis was undertaken through grouping together representations of various notions of the nature and purpose of their Facebook group as a social space, or its sociality. The findings revealed how various digital socialities co-exist in the same digital space. They reflect different ways in which group members can relate to each other meaningfully: either as fellow students, activists, student entrepreneurs and customers, caring community members or fellow revellers. I refer to these socialities as “Rhodent sociality”, “comrade sociality”, “hustle sociality”, “ubuntu sociality” and “groovist sociality”. These socialities are evidentially not mutually exclusive, and members can and do engage in multiple socialities within the group or shift amongst them depending on the situation. In this analysis, these socialities are linked to the existing scholarship on digital socialities. The findings suggest that the resilience to survive in an alien cultural space does not only demand a digital space that supports rational political resistance and practical tips to navigate the space as seen in the “comrade sociality” and “Rhodent sociality”. It also requires a digital space which can incorporate elements of communal care, economic survival and at times a Bakhtinian carnivalesque outlet to momentarily invert an unjust society . I call this kind of digital sociality a survivalist digital community, which is a form of digital sociality created by persons who need to survive a space that was not designed for people like them, and is underpinned by survivalist knowledge. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Journalism and Media Studies, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Dube, Hope Mutipeni
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465887 , vital:76665
- Description: This study explores the digital sociality of the UCKAR Facebook group. This student Facebook group was formed during the 2015 #RhodesMustFall period. The acronym UCKAR stands for the “University Currently Known As Rhodes” and signifies hope for the transformation of the university. Qualitative interviews were conducted to investigate how UCKAR Facebook group understood and interpreted their sociality, i.e. what do they mean when they say “we” or “us”; how such understandings emerged from group membership descriptions and interpersonal obligations as well as the actual social interactions and participation in the group through digital practices, that is, posting and commenting. A qualitative thematic analysis was undertaken through grouping together representations of various notions of the nature and purpose of their Facebook group as a social space, or its sociality. The findings revealed how various digital socialities co-exist in the same digital space. They reflect different ways in which group members can relate to each other meaningfully: either as fellow students, activists, student entrepreneurs and customers, caring community members or fellow revellers. I refer to these socialities as “Rhodent sociality”, “comrade sociality”, “hustle sociality”, “ubuntu sociality” and “groovist sociality”. These socialities are evidentially not mutually exclusive, and members can and do engage in multiple socialities within the group or shift amongst them depending on the situation. In this analysis, these socialities are linked to the existing scholarship on digital socialities. The findings suggest that the resilience to survive in an alien cultural space does not only demand a digital space that supports rational political resistance and practical tips to navigate the space as seen in the “comrade sociality” and “Rhodent sociality”. It also requires a digital space which can incorporate elements of communal care, economic survival and at times a Bakhtinian carnivalesque outlet to momentarily invert an unjust society . I call this kind of digital sociality a survivalist digital community, which is a form of digital sociality created by persons who need to survive a space that was not designed for people like them, and is underpinned by survivalist knowledge. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Journalism and Media Studies, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Integration of HIV/ AIDS, Tuberculosis and Patients’ Services into the General Health Care Systems: Implementation Challenges and Impact on TB Control Programme in O.R. Tambo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Authors: Dlatu, Ntandazo
- Date: 2024-08
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12987 , vital:76186
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB), a disease of poverty and inequality, is a leading cause of severe illness and death among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In South Africa, both TB and HIV epidemics have been closely related and persistent, posing a significant burden for healthcare provision. Reducing morbidity and mortality from HIV-associated TB requires strong collaboration between TB and HIV services at all levels with fully integrated, people-centered models of care. Studies have observed that TB and HIV integration reduces mortality. However, the operational implementation of integrated services is still challenging. Gaps exist between the challenges of combining TB and HIV control with evidence-based knowledge, affecting the implementation process of this highly recommended strategy. Despite the policy, frameworks for integration exist; integration of TB and HIV services is far from ideal in many resource-limited countries, including South Africa. Few studies have examined the advantages and disadvantages of integrated TB and HIV care in public health facilities, and even fewer have proposed conceptual models for proven integration. Objectives: The goals of this study consisted of: (i) investigating the associations between socio-economic deprivation and tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes, alongside well-known TB risk factors. The effects of healthcare expenditures and their growth on trends in TB incidence from 2009 to 2013 were also assessed. (ii) Exploring patients’ and healthcare workers’ perceptions of TB and HIV integration as well as a strategy for integrating these programs. (iii) Describing patients’ perceptions on barriers to scaling up of TB-HIV integration services at selected health facilities; and (iv) Developing a paradigm for integrating TB, HIV, and patient services in a single facility and highlighting the importance of TB-HIV services for greater accessibility under one roof. Methods: In Phase 1 of the study, secondary data analysis was performed on data obtained from various sources including governmental, non-governmental, and research institutions. Indicators for TB treatment outcomes included TB death rate, TB rate among the household contacts of the Index TB cases, TB treatment failure, HIV-associated TB death rate, TB defaulter rate, and new TB smear-positive cases. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Turkey’s tests for post-hoc analysis were used to P a g e xvii | compare means of variables of interest considering a type I error rate of 0.05. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-08
- Authors: Dlatu, Ntandazo
- Date: 2024-08
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12987 , vital:76186
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB), a disease of poverty and inequality, is a leading cause of severe illness and death among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In South Africa, both TB and HIV epidemics have been closely related and persistent, posing a significant burden for healthcare provision. Reducing morbidity and mortality from HIV-associated TB requires strong collaboration between TB and HIV services at all levels with fully integrated, people-centered models of care. Studies have observed that TB and HIV integration reduces mortality. However, the operational implementation of integrated services is still challenging. Gaps exist between the challenges of combining TB and HIV control with evidence-based knowledge, affecting the implementation process of this highly recommended strategy. Despite the policy, frameworks for integration exist; integration of TB and HIV services is far from ideal in many resource-limited countries, including South Africa. Few studies have examined the advantages and disadvantages of integrated TB and HIV care in public health facilities, and even fewer have proposed conceptual models for proven integration. Objectives: The goals of this study consisted of: (i) investigating the associations between socio-economic deprivation and tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes, alongside well-known TB risk factors. The effects of healthcare expenditures and their growth on trends in TB incidence from 2009 to 2013 were also assessed. (ii) Exploring patients’ and healthcare workers’ perceptions of TB and HIV integration as well as a strategy for integrating these programs. (iii) Describing patients’ perceptions on barriers to scaling up of TB-HIV integration services at selected health facilities; and (iv) Developing a paradigm for integrating TB, HIV, and patient services in a single facility and highlighting the importance of TB-HIV services for greater accessibility under one roof. Methods: In Phase 1 of the study, secondary data analysis was performed on data obtained from various sources including governmental, non-governmental, and research institutions. Indicators for TB treatment outcomes included TB death rate, TB rate among the household contacts of the Index TB cases, TB treatment failure, HIV-associated TB death rate, TB defaulter rate, and new TB smear-positive cases. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Turkey’s tests for post-hoc analysis were used to P a g e xvii | compare means of variables of interest considering a type I error rate of 0.05. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-08
Exploring the experience of clients on fixed-dose combination antiretroviral drugs at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Macozoma, Wanda
- Date: 2024-07
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12963 , vital:76182
- Description: Fixed dose combination antiretroviral drugs are multiple retroviral drugs combined into a single pill, commenced in South Africa on 01 April 2013 after it was announced by the Minister of Health. The main reason for this change of treatment was to reduce pill burden and make the lives of people living with HIV and who are on ARVs simpler and easier. The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of clients on fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape. The study used a qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenology as a research design. The target population for this study were clients initiated on a fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug. Purposive sampling was done and semi-structured individual interviews conducted to collect data, audiotape was used and field notes taken. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 12 participants. Data analysis was done guided by Tesch’s 8 steps of the coding process. Ethical principles were adhered to and informed consent obtained from participants. Findings revealed that there were physical, psychological and social experiences, from the period of first diagnosis, disclosure and medication compliance. It is recommended that health education campaigns be intensified since there is still stigmatization of HIV/AIDS that affects compliance. Also, there is need for continuing education and training for healthcare providers to encourage a supportive attitude towards clients. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-07
- Authors: Macozoma, Wanda
- Date: 2024-07
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12963 , vital:76182
- Description: Fixed dose combination antiretroviral drugs are multiple retroviral drugs combined into a single pill, commenced in South Africa on 01 April 2013 after it was announced by the Minister of Health. The main reason for this change of treatment was to reduce pill burden and make the lives of people living with HIV and who are on ARVs simpler and easier. The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of clients on fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape. The study used a qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenology as a research design. The target population for this study were clients initiated on a fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug. Purposive sampling was done and semi-structured individual interviews conducted to collect data, audiotape was used and field notes taken. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 12 participants. Data analysis was done guided by Tesch’s 8 steps of the coding process. Ethical principles were adhered to and informed consent obtained from participants. Findings revealed that there were physical, psychological and social experiences, from the period of first diagnosis, disclosure and medication compliance. It is recommended that health education campaigns be intensified since there is still stigmatization of HIV/AIDS that affects compliance. Also, there is need for continuing education and training for healthcare providers to encourage a supportive attitude towards clients. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-07
Lived experiences of Gay traditional healers in the Amathole District Municipality
- Plaatjie, Nontsikelelo Margaret
- Authors: Plaatjie, Nontsikelelo Margaret
- Date: 2024-06
- Subjects: Healers -- South Africa , Gender identity -- South Africa , Ancestor worship --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/29089 , vital:76626
- Description: The primary goal of this study was to explore the lived experiences of gay traditional healers in the Amathole District Municipality. The study focused on traditional healers who are diviners and work as cause investigators (amagqirha emvumisa).The study used qualitative research methodology and employed Interpretative phenomenological analysis research design to examine the lived experiences of gay traditional diviners.This study was based on Cass’ identity formation theory as its overarching theoretical framework and specifically on sexual identity formation with a focus on LGBTQI plus. The sample consisted of five participants recruited through the snowball sampling technique. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews. The researcher was acquainted with three of the participants and each of them brought an interview-ready subject with them. All participants were gay traditional diviners with credentials and practice in their own settings. The analysis of the research study revealed that gay traditional healers experienced multifaceted aspects. These aspects includes those coming from social factors like family background. The findings indicated that factors such as parental neglect and lack of financial support for the training needs of gay traditional healers had a negative impact. However it became clear from the findings that negative attitudes starting from participants’s upbringing, training and practice caused confusion, sadness but ultimately self acceptance. Furthermore, the research study revealed a need for awareness campaigns on traditional healing, as well as on the choice of sexual orientation. Lack of knowledge of policies and laws concerning homosexuality and traditional healing revealed the amount of work that remains to be done in our society. The researcher recommends that for future studies, more research on legislation with regards to traditional healers and gay people be undertaken. Also the researcher recommends involvement traditional medical practitioner policy decision makers. , Thesis (MPsych) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-06
- Authors: Plaatjie, Nontsikelelo Margaret
- Date: 2024-06
- Subjects: Healers -- South Africa , Gender identity -- South Africa , Ancestor worship --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/29089 , vital:76626
- Description: The primary goal of this study was to explore the lived experiences of gay traditional healers in the Amathole District Municipality. The study focused on traditional healers who are diviners and work as cause investigators (amagqirha emvumisa).The study used qualitative research methodology and employed Interpretative phenomenological analysis research design to examine the lived experiences of gay traditional diviners.This study was based on Cass’ identity formation theory as its overarching theoretical framework and specifically on sexual identity formation with a focus on LGBTQI plus. The sample consisted of five participants recruited through the snowball sampling technique. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews. The researcher was acquainted with three of the participants and each of them brought an interview-ready subject with them. All participants were gay traditional diviners with credentials and practice in their own settings. The analysis of the research study revealed that gay traditional healers experienced multifaceted aspects. These aspects includes those coming from social factors like family background. The findings indicated that factors such as parental neglect and lack of financial support for the training needs of gay traditional healers had a negative impact. However it became clear from the findings that negative attitudes starting from participants’s upbringing, training and practice caused confusion, sadness but ultimately self acceptance. Furthermore, the research study revealed a need for awareness campaigns on traditional healing, as well as on the choice of sexual orientation. Lack of knowledge of policies and laws concerning homosexuality and traditional healing revealed the amount of work that remains to be done in our society. The researcher recommends that for future studies, more research on legislation with regards to traditional healers and gay people be undertaken. Also the researcher recommends involvement traditional medical practitioner policy decision makers. , Thesis (MPsych) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-06
Translanguaging pedagogies and practice for social justice in a multilingual South African previously disadvantaged
- Authors: Mpofu, Tarisai
- Date: 2024-06
- Subjects: Multilingualism
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11131 , vital:75921
- Description: Over the last two decades, there has been a burgeoning interest in translanguaging as both a theory and a methodology, but a few studies have looked at it as a pedagogy. This has meant that while there is near-consensus on translanguaging’s contribution to knowing, there have been few studies on how it can be implemented systematically in classrooms. This study examines how translanguaging is being practiced at one South African university and makes recommendations on how translanguaging can be implemented systematically for better impact. A mixed method approach was used, meaning that it had both qualitative and quantitative elements. Data for this study were gathered using online questionnaires completed by students and lecturers, interviews with lecturers, and observation. The results show that limited translanguaging was taking place in the classroom, despite both students and staff acknowledging its value to epistemic access. This study calls for intentional and systematic implementation of translanguaging to contribute to socially-just classroom practices. The study proposes the translanguaging matrix model for practice to assist in institutionalising translanguaging through the provision of short learning courses for staff and students on translanguaging, language learning opportunities and clear pedagogical training on when translanguaging must be used in classroom contexts. Key Words: Translanguaging, Language Policy, Social Justice, Multilingalism, Pedagogy , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-06
- Authors: Mpofu, Tarisai
- Date: 2024-06
- Subjects: Multilingualism
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11131 , vital:75921
- Description: Over the last two decades, there has been a burgeoning interest in translanguaging as both a theory and a methodology, but a few studies have looked at it as a pedagogy. This has meant that while there is near-consensus on translanguaging’s contribution to knowing, there have been few studies on how it can be implemented systematically in classrooms. This study examines how translanguaging is being practiced at one South African university and makes recommendations on how translanguaging can be implemented systematically for better impact. A mixed method approach was used, meaning that it had both qualitative and quantitative elements. Data for this study were gathered using online questionnaires completed by students and lecturers, interviews with lecturers, and observation. The results show that limited translanguaging was taking place in the classroom, despite both students and staff acknowledging its value to epistemic access. This study calls for intentional and systematic implementation of translanguaging to contribute to socially-just classroom practices. The study proposes the translanguaging matrix model for practice to assist in institutionalising translanguaging through the provision of short learning courses for staff and students on translanguaging, language learning opportunities and clear pedagogical training on when translanguaging must be used in classroom contexts. Key Words: Translanguaging, Language Policy, Social Justice, Multilingalism, Pedagogy , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-06
A capabilities analysis: degree mobility and the impact of returning South African alumni on their home country’s sustainable development
- Authors: Mwatunga, Carine Brigitte
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436570 , vital:73283 , DOI 10.21504/10962/436570
- Description: The significance of sustainable development (SD) has gained increasing attention, particularly since introducing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. SDG 4 focuses on ensuring inclusive and high-quality education for all individuals, as well as the provision of equitable access to lifelong learning opportunities. In addition, SDG 4 recognises education as a fundamental element of societal progress and SD. Given the role of education in fostering economic growth, social cohesion, and individual empowerment, SDG 4 is a crucial component of global efforts to foster a more prosperous and equitable world. The primary focus of the study explained in this thesis was to address a specific aspect of Higher Education (HE) within the framework of the SDGs. While SDG 4 covers a wide range of targets, such as expanding scholarship opportunities for individuals from the Global South to study abroad, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of how pursuing a degree in a foreign country can influence graduates' potential contributions to sustainable development (SD) upon returning to their home countries. Moreover, despite researchers highlighting the need for attention to this topic, it has not received adequate focus thus far. Therefore, drawing upon the framework of the capability approach (CA) to sustainable development, the study explored whether returning graduates could contribute to SD in South Africa. To integrate the concepts of SD and CA, the study developed a framework for a responsible agent (RA), which was facilitated through previous studies. This framework provides a set of capabilities that are essential for supporting SD in South Africa. Based on this framework, the study comprehensively explored the experiences of postgraduate students and their potential to contribute to SD in South Africa. The study drew on survey data, semi structured interview, and document analysis to gain insights into how the structures of six selected scholarships aligned with SD objectives. However, upon analysing the eligibility criteria of these scholarships, it became evident that they already take into account certain capabilities associated with the RA in candidates. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that these scholarships tend to favour candidates who exhibit the potential to succeed in their professional endeavours. Therefore, this selection bias may exacerbate the existing inequalities within the South African education system. By disproportionately supporting candidates with advantages or resources, the scholarships may inadvertently perpetuate the disparities in educational opportunities and hinder progress toward a more equitable system. After administering questionnaires to alumni who had received these six scholarships, they were asked to voluntary participate in semi-structured interviews. Thereafter, data obtained was combined with document analysis, questionnaires, and interviews were analysed drawing on the RA framework with a narrative inquiry approach. The analysis of the data gathered during interviews with alumni revealed that certain capabilities were demonstrated and developed because of their degree mobility (pursuing degrees in different locations). However, it was also observed that some capabilities were negatively impacted by this mobility. Thus, the findings suggested a nuanced relationship between degree mobility and the development of specific capabilities amongst alumni, warranting further investigation to understand the implications of degree mobility on various capabilities. The investigation of the study revealed that the structure of the selected scholarships is not fully aligned with SD and that some capabilities can be damaged through degree mobility. To ensure that the scholarships truly support SD, they would require restructuring and (1) lowering expectations and preparing alumni for an often rather difficult return to South Africa; (2) limiting the available scholarships to degree programmes that are less or not affordable at all in South Africa; (3) implementing a re-entry strategy for returning alumni to make the return more manageable; and (4) collecting more data to create a deeper understanding about the possible achievements of individual alumni. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
- Authors: Mwatunga, Carine Brigitte
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436570 , vital:73283 , DOI 10.21504/10962/436570
- Description: The significance of sustainable development (SD) has gained increasing attention, particularly since introducing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. SDG 4 focuses on ensuring inclusive and high-quality education for all individuals, as well as the provision of equitable access to lifelong learning opportunities. In addition, SDG 4 recognises education as a fundamental element of societal progress and SD. Given the role of education in fostering economic growth, social cohesion, and individual empowerment, SDG 4 is a crucial component of global efforts to foster a more prosperous and equitable world. The primary focus of the study explained in this thesis was to address a specific aspect of Higher Education (HE) within the framework of the SDGs. While SDG 4 covers a wide range of targets, such as expanding scholarship opportunities for individuals from the Global South to study abroad, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of how pursuing a degree in a foreign country can influence graduates' potential contributions to sustainable development (SD) upon returning to their home countries. Moreover, despite researchers highlighting the need for attention to this topic, it has not received adequate focus thus far. Therefore, drawing upon the framework of the capability approach (CA) to sustainable development, the study explored whether returning graduates could contribute to SD in South Africa. To integrate the concepts of SD and CA, the study developed a framework for a responsible agent (RA), which was facilitated through previous studies. This framework provides a set of capabilities that are essential for supporting SD in South Africa. Based on this framework, the study comprehensively explored the experiences of postgraduate students and their potential to contribute to SD in South Africa. The study drew on survey data, semi structured interview, and document analysis to gain insights into how the structures of six selected scholarships aligned with SD objectives. However, upon analysing the eligibility criteria of these scholarships, it became evident that they already take into account certain capabilities associated with the RA in candidates. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that these scholarships tend to favour candidates who exhibit the potential to succeed in their professional endeavours. Therefore, this selection bias may exacerbate the existing inequalities within the South African education system. By disproportionately supporting candidates with advantages or resources, the scholarships may inadvertently perpetuate the disparities in educational opportunities and hinder progress toward a more equitable system. After administering questionnaires to alumni who had received these six scholarships, they were asked to voluntary participate in semi-structured interviews. Thereafter, data obtained was combined with document analysis, questionnaires, and interviews were analysed drawing on the RA framework with a narrative inquiry approach. The analysis of the data gathered during interviews with alumni revealed that certain capabilities were demonstrated and developed because of their degree mobility (pursuing degrees in different locations). However, it was also observed that some capabilities were negatively impacted by this mobility. Thus, the findings suggested a nuanced relationship between degree mobility and the development of specific capabilities amongst alumni, warranting further investigation to understand the implications of degree mobility on various capabilities. The investigation of the study revealed that the structure of the selected scholarships is not fully aligned with SD and that some capabilities can be damaged through degree mobility. To ensure that the scholarships truly support SD, they would require restructuring and (1) lowering expectations and preparing alumni for an often rather difficult return to South Africa; (2) limiting the available scholarships to degree programmes that are less or not affordable at all in South Africa; (3) implementing a re-entry strategy for returning alumni to make the return more manageable; and (4) collecting more data to create a deeper understanding about the possible achievements of individual alumni. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
A case study of code-switching in English First Additional Language Foundation Phase classrooms
- Authors: Goliath, Eldrige Justine
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436453 , vital:73273
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
- Authors: Goliath, Eldrige Justine
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436453 , vital:73273
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
A multidisciplinary study to assess the ecology of the Cape sea urchin, Parechinus angulosus, and its emerging use as a bioindicator to monitor coastal resiliency
- Authors: Redelinghuys, Suzanne
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435691 , vital:73179 , DOI 10.21504/10962/435692
- Description: The resilience of marine species in the face of unpredictable climate change stands as a paramount concern for the maintenance of ecological stability. Under such fluctuating conditions, it is critical to understand how organisms mitigate these effects in physiological, genetic, and morphological terms. To that end, this thesis focused on the Cape sea urchin, Parechinus angulosus, employing a multidisciplinary approach encompassing morphology, genomics, and gut microbial diversity to assess its potential as a bioindicator species and elucidate its adaptive strategies in response to varying environmental conditions along the South African coastline. This was achieved through studying their anatomy in order to link observed variation to prevailing local environmental conditions, aided by the species’ wide distribution range which allows insight into adaptations across broad geographic regions and ecological settings. The first empirical chapter, Chapter 3, focusing on eight key morphometric traits of test, Aristotle’s lantern and spines, revealed distinct variation in the Cape sea urchin's morphology between the east and west coasts of South Africa, suggesting the presence of some level of local adaptation to the prevailing environmental factors found on the east and west coasts of South Africa. This points to potential bioindicator capabilities of the species, reflecting adaptive divergence amidst contrasting environmental conditions. Further analysis is however necessary in order to isolate specific physiological trends that may be associated with these morphometric differences, thereby enhancing and tightening their ecological implications. The second experimental chapter, Chapter 4, delved into the genetic structure of the Cape urchin by investigating genome-wide diversity, the presence of cryptic population structure, and spatial patterns of genomic diversity. Moderate genomic differentiation was detected among populations along the eastern and western coasts of South Africa by outlier loci that may undergo natural selection, which could indicate local adaptation to environmental conditions. This pattern hints at adaptive differentiation and cryptic genetic structures within the Cape sea urchin populations and emphasises the species' potential adaptive responses to localised (in this case regional) environmental pressures. Assigning functional significance to these genetic variations will require a comprehensive annotated reference genome, a limitation acknowledged in the current study. Chapter 5 explored the gut microbial diversity and revealed significant compositional variations between the east and west coast populations of South Africa, confirming regional and inter-regional variation. This chapter also highlighted the essential biochemical pathways critical to the survival of the host which is crucial for assessing the health of the urchin host. Together, the functional content of the gut bacteria and microbial diversity showcases its potential as a bioindicator for coastal ecosystem health. Logistical challenges and confounding factors like host physiology will need to be fully considered for its effective application. Overall, the findings of this doctoral research suggest that the Cape sea urchin displays promising characteristics as a bioindicator species due to its morphological, genetic, and gut microbial variations in response to environmental differences, providing a diverse array of means in which urchins could be used as bioindicators, from their uses to assess water quality and detect pollution, to ecosystem health monitoring and biodiversity studies in which sea urchin abundance, distribution, and presence are monitored. Further research, integrating these multidisciplinary approaches is recommended to validate and refine its bioindicator potential. Additionally, the development of a comprehensive annotated reference genome is imperative to harness the species' genetic information effectively. This study underscores the significance of integrating multiple disciplines in understanding how species respond to environmental change and their potentials contributions to monitor ecological resilience. The original multidisciplinary approach, combined with high computational outputs presents a promising framework for a comprehensive ecological monitoring in marine ecosystems. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
- Authors: Redelinghuys, Suzanne
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435691 , vital:73179 , DOI 10.21504/10962/435692
- Description: The resilience of marine species in the face of unpredictable climate change stands as a paramount concern for the maintenance of ecological stability. Under such fluctuating conditions, it is critical to understand how organisms mitigate these effects in physiological, genetic, and morphological terms. To that end, this thesis focused on the Cape sea urchin, Parechinus angulosus, employing a multidisciplinary approach encompassing morphology, genomics, and gut microbial diversity to assess its potential as a bioindicator species and elucidate its adaptive strategies in response to varying environmental conditions along the South African coastline. This was achieved through studying their anatomy in order to link observed variation to prevailing local environmental conditions, aided by the species’ wide distribution range which allows insight into adaptations across broad geographic regions and ecological settings. The first empirical chapter, Chapter 3, focusing on eight key morphometric traits of test, Aristotle’s lantern and spines, revealed distinct variation in the Cape sea urchin's morphology between the east and west coasts of South Africa, suggesting the presence of some level of local adaptation to the prevailing environmental factors found on the east and west coasts of South Africa. This points to potential bioindicator capabilities of the species, reflecting adaptive divergence amidst contrasting environmental conditions. Further analysis is however necessary in order to isolate specific physiological trends that may be associated with these morphometric differences, thereby enhancing and tightening their ecological implications. The second experimental chapter, Chapter 4, delved into the genetic structure of the Cape urchin by investigating genome-wide diversity, the presence of cryptic population structure, and spatial patterns of genomic diversity. Moderate genomic differentiation was detected among populations along the eastern and western coasts of South Africa by outlier loci that may undergo natural selection, which could indicate local adaptation to environmental conditions. This pattern hints at adaptive differentiation and cryptic genetic structures within the Cape sea urchin populations and emphasises the species' potential adaptive responses to localised (in this case regional) environmental pressures. Assigning functional significance to these genetic variations will require a comprehensive annotated reference genome, a limitation acknowledged in the current study. Chapter 5 explored the gut microbial diversity and revealed significant compositional variations between the east and west coast populations of South Africa, confirming regional and inter-regional variation. This chapter also highlighted the essential biochemical pathways critical to the survival of the host which is crucial for assessing the health of the urchin host. Together, the functional content of the gut bacteria and microbial diversity showcases its potential as a bioindicator for coastal ecosystem health. Logistical challenges and confounding factors like host physiology will need to be fully considered for its effective application. Overall, the findings of this doctoral research suggest that the Cape sea urchin displays promising characteristics as a bioindicator species due to its morphological, genetic, and gut microbial variations in response to environmental differences, providing a diverse array of means in which urchins could be used as bioindicators, from their uses to assess water quality and detect pollution, to ecosystem health monitoring and biodiversity studies in which sea urchin abundance, distribution, and presence are monitored. Further research, integrating these multidisciplinary approaches is recommended to validate and refine its bioindicator potential. Additionally, the development of a comprehensive annotated reference genome is imperative to harness the species' genetic information effectively. This study underscores the significance of integrating multiple disciplines in understanding how species respond to environmental change and their potentials contributions to monitor ecological resilience. The original multidisciplinary approach, combined with high computational outputs presents a promising framework for a comprehensive ecological monitoring in marine ecosystems. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05