Children in conflict with the law - constructions of their family environment
- Mtshutshwane, Anda Sweetgirl, Terblanche, Susan
- Authors: Mtshutshwane, Anda Sweetgirl , Terblanche, Susan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Juvenile delinquency -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Child development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Problem children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crime and age -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32960 , vital:32480
- Description: The studies reviewed for this project indicate that there is an interplay of family and social factors that affect the development of the child. Furthermore, some studies postulate that there is a relationship between children’s engagement in criminal behaviour and their family environment. The present study aimed to explore, describe and interpret how children who have been in conflict with the law construct their family environment. A qualitative research approach that was embedded in an explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was employed in order to achieve the objectives of the study. The research population was constituted of children from a Child and Youth Care Centre. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was employed to select children aged 14 to 17 years who have been in conflict with the law. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with the selected children and this data was analyzed using Tesch’s thematic analysis. Ethical considerations that were applicable for the involvement of children and vulnerable groups in research were adhered to. The trustworthiness of the research process, and the findings of the study, were enhanced by employing a variety of data verification strategies. Data was verified using: member checking, peer debriefing, clarifying bias by the researcher, and dense description of the application of the selected methods used in research suggested by Creswell. The major findings of this study include: positive and negative experiences of children prior to involvement to crime in their internal family environment. The external family environment was dominated by gangsterism and crime in the community, police corruption and their interaction with drugs. Furthermore, the study findings revealed positive and negative school experiences and posited several reasons why children break the law. It is hoped that the research will contribute to the knowledge base of Social Work and Practice interventions in the field of child protection services in general and, more specifically, on the criminal justice system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mtshutshwane, Anda Sweetgirl , Terblanche, Susan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Juvenile delinquency -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Child development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Problem children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crime and age -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32960 , vital:32480
- Description: The studies reviewed for this project indicate that there is an interplay of family and social factors that affect the development of the child. Furthermore, some studies postulate that there is a relationship between children’s engagement in criminal behaviour and their family environment. The present study aimed to explore, describe and interpret how children who have been in conflict with the law construct their family environment. A qualitative research approach that was embedded in an explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was employed in order to achieve the objectives of the study. The research population was constituted of children from a Child and Youth Care Centre. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was employed to select children aged 14 to 17 years who have been in conflict with the law. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with the selected children and this data was analyzed using Tesch’s thematic analysis. Ethical considerations that were applicable for the involvement of children and vulnerable groups in research were adhered to. The trustworthiness of the research process, and the findings of the study, were enhanced by employing a variety of data verification strategies. Data was verified using: member checking, peer debriefing, clarifying bias by the researcher, and dense description of the application of the selected methods used in research suggested by Creswell. The major findings of this study include: positive and negative experiences of children prior to involvement to crime in their internal family environment. The external family environment was dominated by gangsterism and crime in the community, police corruption and their interaction with drugs. Furthermore, the study findings revealed positive and negative school experiences and posited several reasons why children break the law. It is hoped that the research will contribute to the knowledge base of Social Work and Practice interventions in the field of child protection services in general and, more specifically, on the criminal justice system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Investigation of the microstructure of nuclear grade matrix graphite
- Authors: Downey, Justin Michael
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Graphite -- South Africa , Microstructure , Nanostructured materials -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/944 , Graphite -- South Africa , Microstructure , Nanostructured materials -- South Africa
- Description: This dissertation focuses on the investigation of the microstructures of two nuclear grade matrix graphites. These graphites were intended for use in the core components of a high temperature test reactor (HTTR) of the pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) design. The graphites were provided in the form of fuel spheres and a reflector block. The techniques used in the analysis of the materials include fracturing, etching, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nano-indentation, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructures of the materials were characterized successfully. The fuel sphere material consisted of a high concentration of curved graphite flakes and grains in contact with turbostratic matrix graphite. The well graphitized flakes and grains were polycrystalline in nature. Delamination cracks were prevalent in the graphite crystallites. There was no significant difference in the microstructures of the center, interior and surface regions of the fuel sphere material. No evidence of amorphous carbon or resin residues was found. The reflector material consisted of a low concentration of graphite crystallites embedded within turbostratic matrix graphite. Delamination cracks were observed within the graphite crystallites, and many cavities were present in the material. TEM observation also revealed the presence of diamond crystallites. It was concluded that the fuel sphere graphite was most probably suitable for use as is, provided that the material also possessed other required properties for use in a HTTR. The reflector material however was considered to be unsuitable for use in a HTTR. It was thus suggested that the reflector material could be made more suitable by sufficient graphitization of the turbostratic graphite which formed the bulk of the material.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Downey, Justin Michael
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Graphite -- South Africa , Microstructure , Nanostructured materials -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/944 , Graphite -- South Africa , Microstructure , Nanostructured materials -- South Africa
- Description: This dissertation focuses on the investigation of the microstructures of two nuclear grade matrix graphites. These graphites were intended for use in the core components of a high temperature test reactor (HTTR) of the pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) design. The graphites were provided in the form of fuel spheres and a reflector block. The techniques used in the analysis of the materials include fracturing, etching, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nano-indentation, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructures of the materials were characterized successfully. The fuel sphere material consisted of a high concentration of curved graphite flakes and grains in contact with turbostratic matrix graphite. The well graphitized flakes and grains were polycrystalline in nature. Delamination cracks were prevalent in the graphite crystallites. There was no significant difference in the microstructures of the center, interior and surface regions of the fuel sphere material. No evidence of amorphous carbon or resin residues was found. The reflector material consisted of a low concentration of graphite crystallites embedded within turbostratic matrix graphite. Delamination cracks were observed within the graphite crystallites, and many cavities were present in the material. TEM observation also revealed the presence of diamond crystallites. It was concluded that the fuel sphere graphite was most probably suitable for use as is, provided that the material also possessed other required properties for use in a HTTR. The reflector material however was considered to be unsuitable for use in a HTTR. It was thus suggested that the reflector material could be made more suitable by sufficient graphitization of the turbostratic graphite which formed the bulk of the material.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
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