Simulated learning: integrating clinical knowledge into the dispensing process
- Authors: Klitsie, Monique
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Simulation methods , Pharmacy -- Study and teaching Hospital pharmacies -- South Africa Pharmacy management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42239 , vital:36638
- Description: Pharmacy education has experienced a continual shift in the emphasis of the practice of pharmacy, requiring pharmacists to practice high levels of competence in performing the dispensing process while incorporating clinical knowledge using complex levels of cognitive skill. This highlights the need for opportunities within the learning environment which both require and facilitate the integration of clinical knowledge-based cognitive skills into the dispensing process. Simulation-based education has been demonstrated to assist in gradually increasing the level of complexity of tasks requiring performance by students in clinical settings. This study explored ways in which a computer-based dispensing program, MyDispense, could be used to facilitate the integration of clinical knowledge-based cognitive skills into the dispensing process. In the study, simulated patient scenarios for MyDispense were developed, which required the integration of a hierarchy of cognitive skills into the dispensing process. These were evaluated in order to assess the level of cognitive skills required to complete the clinical scenarios created. The developed MyDispense-based clinical scenarios were then piloted with a group of pharmacy students, after which a focus group was used to explore the students’ experience of the ability of MyDispense to integrate clinical knowledge into the dispensing process. This qualitative study adopted an exploratory approach in order to understand the potential benefit of computer-based simulated learning as a means of integrating clinical knowledge-based cognitive skills into the dispensing process. Purposive and convenience sampling was used in this study and data collection was through the completion of purpose-designed assessment forms by pharmacy lecturers and focus groups with student participants. Data from the assessment forms was used as feedback to further refine the clinical scenarios, and the focus group recording was transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The scenarios assessed by the pharmacy lecturers were shown to require high levels of cognitive skills as described by Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001) and necessitated that the students plan, construct, design, and generate information to complete the scenarios. The pharmacy students successfully practiced the MyDispense scenarios as an adjunct to a clinical module and reported that the scenarios had assisted them in learning for the clinical module. The students acknowledged that they were required to apply their clinical knowledge and make clinical decisions while completing the scenarios. This study demonstrates that simulation-based education can be used as a beneficial educational tool for teaching the application of complex clinical knowledge-based cognitive skills to the dispensing process. It provides a valuable means of preparing students for professional work-based pharmacy practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Klitsie, Monique
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Simulation methods , Pharmacy -- Study and teaching Hospital pharmacies -- South Africa Pharmacy management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42239 , vital:36638
- Description: Pharmacy education has experienced a continual shift in the emphasis of the practice of pharmacy, requiring pharmacists to practice high levels of competence in performing the dispensing process while incorporating clinical knowledge using complex levels of cognitive skill. This highlights the need for opportunities within the learning environment which both require and facilitate the integration of clinical knowledge-based cognitive skills into the dispensing process. Simulation-based education has been demonstrated to assist in gradually increasing the level of complexity of tasks requiring performance by students in clinical settings. This study explored ways in which a computer-based dispensing program, MyDispense, could be used to facilitate the integration of clinical knowledge-based cognitive skills into the dispensing process. In the study, simulated patient scenarios for MyDispense were developed, which required the integration of a hierarchy of cognitive skills into the dispensing process. These were evaluated in order to assess the level of cognitive skills required to complete the clinical scenarios created. The developed MyDispense-based clinical scenarios were then piloted with a group of pharmacy students, after which a focus group was used to explore the students’ experience of the ability of MyDispense to integrate clinical knowledge into the dispensing process. This qualitative study adopted an exploratory approach in order to understand the potential benefit of computer-based simulated learning as a means of integrating clinical knowledge-based cognitive skills into the dispensing process. Purposive and convenience sampling was used in this study and data collection was through the completion of purpose-designed assessment forms by pharmacy lecturers and focus groups with student participants. Data from the assessment forms was used as feedback to further refine the clinical scenarios, and the focus group recording was transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The scenarios assessed by the pharmacy lecturers were shown to require high levels of cognitive skills as described by Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001) and necessitated that the students plan, construct, design, and generate information to complete the scenarios. The pharmacy students successfully practiced the MyDispense scenarios as an adjunct to a clinical module and reported that the scenarios had assisted them in learning for the clinical module. The students acknowledged that they were required to apply their clinical knowledge and make clinical decisions while completing the scenarios. This study demonstrates that simulation-based education can be used as a beneficial educational tool for teaching the application of complex clinical knowledge-based cognitive skills to the dispensing process. It provides a valuable means of preparing students for professional work-based pharmacy practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
An investigation of the movement of sediment through the Noordhoek headland bypass dunefield system at Cape Recife, South Africa
- Authors: Goosen, Gerrit Pieter
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sedimentation and deposition , Fluvial geomorphology Geomorphology Sand dunes -- Environmental aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22101 , vital:29840
- Description: A detailed study of the movement of sediment across the Cape Recife headland via the Noordhoek headland bypass dunefield was conducted. The Noordhoek HBD is important because of the environmental impacts anticipated on the sewerage works, settling ponds, and road to the Cape Recife lighthouse situated in the migration path of the dunefield to the ENE of its active boundary. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the movement of sediment in and through the Noordhoek HBD system. This study has provided sand transportation and dune migration rates by making use of various dune monitoring techniques. In doing so, useful predictions have been made as to when the settling ponds and the road to the lighthouse will be inundated. An indication has also been given as to how much sand moves through the system. Some key findings from this research included: the net migration direction of the Noordhoek HBD was found to be towards the east-north-east; the wind environment at the study area was classified as a high energy wind environment; this study has highlighted that various climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature influence the movement of sediment through dune systems; sediment transport was found to be directly related to the source area and topography; the central zone of the dunefield proved to be a groundwater recharge zone for the western and eastern zones; and the leading lobes of the migrating Noordhoek dunefield are gradually covering stabilising vegetation by pulses of dunes moving through. In this study, it was calculated that presently a total volume of about 26 000 m3 of sand is migrating into the vegetation at the leading lobes annually. If the Noordhoek HBD is left to run its natural course and migrate across the Cape Recife headland to the downwind beach, an approximate volume of 26 000 m3 of sand could be supplied to the downwind beach by this system. In doing so, it has the potential to play a role in replenishing some of the sand to Port Elizabeth’s eroded southern beaches via a natural process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Goosen, Gerrit Pieter
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sedimentation and deposition , Fluvial geomorphology Geomorphology Sand dunes -- Environmental aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22101 , vital:29840
- Description: A detailed study of the movement of sediment across the Cape Recife headland via the Noordhoek headland bypass dunefield was conducted. The Noordhoek HBD is important because of the environmental impacts anticipated on the sewerage works, settling ponds, and road to the Cape Recife lighthouse situated in the migration path of the dunefield to the ENE of its active boundary. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the movement of sediment in and through the Noordhoek HBD system. This study has provided sand transportation and dune migration rates by making use of various dune monitoring techniques. In doing so, useful predictions have been made as to when the settling ponds and the road to the lighthouse will be inundated. An indication has also been given as to how much sand moves through the system. Some key findings from this research included: the net migration direction of the Noordhoek HBD was found to be towards the east-north-east; the wind environment at the study area was classified as a high energy wind environment; this study has highlighted that various climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature influence the movement of sediment through dune systems; sediment transport was found to be directly related to the source area and topography; the central zone of the dunefield proved to be a groundwater recharge zone for the western and eastern zones; and the leading lobes of the migrating Noordhoek dunefield are gradually covering stabilising vegetation by pulses of dunes moving through. In this study, it was calculated that presently a total volume of about 26 000 m3 of sand is migrating into the vegetation at the leading lobes annually. If the Noordhoek HBD is left to run its natural course and migrate across the Cape Recife headland to the downwind beach, an approximate volume of 26 000 m3 of sand could be supplied to the downwind beach by this system. In doing so, it has the potential to play a role in replenishing some of the sand to Port Elizabeth’s eroded southern beaches via a natural process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
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