An investigation into the factors influencing the levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment of non-family employees working in family businesses
- Letele-Matabooe, Makatleho Julia
- Authors: Letele-Matabooe, Makatleho Julia
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises , Job satisfaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:9277 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1594 , Family-owned business enterprises , Job satisfaction
- Description: Given the increasingly important role that non-family employees working in family businesses play in the success of these businesses, as well as the challenges they are faced with, it is surprising that little is known about their experiences in the family business. This study therefore was aimed at contributing to the more effective functioning of this important stakeholder group in South Africa by identifying the factors that impact on their levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment in family businesses. As such the primary objective of this study was to identify the factors that impact on non-family employees’ levels of Job satisfaction and Organisational commitment to the family business in which they are employed. This study sought to incorporate prior findings and theories on job satisfaction and organisational commitment into a comprehensive theoretical model. In addition, support for these theories was sought in the literature. The literature review revealed three main categories of constructs, namely, relational-based, organisational-based and reward-based factors, as influencing the levels of Job satisfaction and Organisational commitment of non-family employees working in family businesses. Within these three categories, 15 independent variables were identified and hypothesised to influence the levels of the dependent variables Job satisfaction and Organisational commitment. Of the 15 independent variables, 6 were categorised as relational-based, another 6 as organisational-based and 3 as reward-based factors. All of the constructs in this study were clearly defined and operationalised. Operationalisation was done by using reliable and valid items sourced from measuring instruments used by prior studies. In addition, several items were selfgenerated items based on secondary sources. The convenience snowball sampling technique was used to identify respondents, and a structured questionnaire was made available to them. The data collected 280 usable questionnaires and was subjected to various statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was assessed by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and Cronbach-alpha coefficients were confirmed for this purpose. v The 6 relational-based factors could not all be confirmed as initially intended. Of these factors, 5 were confirmed. Similarly, the organisational-based factors could not all be confirmed by the exploratory factor analysis. Four factors were confirmed in this regard. With regard to reward-based factors, these factors did not load as originally intended. Instead, a new factor (Job security and compensation) emerged. In this study, a number of statistical procedures were utilised to assess the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. These included descriptive statistics which was used to summarise the sample data. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation was also undertaken to establish the relationship between the various factors under investigation. However, the main statistical procedure that was used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the independent and dependent variables was the Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA). From the analysis, 7 submodels were identified and subjected to further testing. The following independent variables were identified as influencing the dependent variables in this study: Fairness; Personal needs alignment; Interpersonal relationships; Family harmony; Nature of the work; Working conditions; Job involvement; Governance; Job security and compensation. In addition, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to establish the influence that the various demographic variables could have on the dependent variables. The test included the use of Benferroni post-hoc test that was used to vi assess the statistical difference, while Cohen’s d-values were calculated to assess the practical significance between mean scores. Ownership of shares by non-family employees of the family business in which they are employed, the positions that these employees hold, as well as ethnicity of the respondents have been found to have an influence on the independent and dependent variables in this study. This study has empirically investigated the challenges non-family employees working in family businesses are faced with, and has thus added to the limited amount of family business literature on this valuable stakeholder group. The theoretical model developed in this study has made a significant contribution towards understanding the factors that influence the levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment of these employees. This study therefore presents recommendations and suggestions to assist family business leaders/owners in attracting and retaining non-family businesses in such a way as to give them a sense of belonging and to enhance the performance of their businesses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Letele-Matabooe, Makatleho Julia
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises , Job satisfaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:9277 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1594 , Family-owned business enterprises , Job satisfaction
- Description: Given the increasingly important role that non-family employees working in family businesses play in the success of these businesses, as well as the challenges they are faced with, it is surprising that little is known about their experiences in the family business. This study therefore was aimed at contributing to the more effective functioning of this important stakeholder group in South Africa by identifying the factors that impact on their levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment in family businesses. As such the primary objective of this study was to identify the factors that impact on non-family employees’ levels of Job satisfaction and Organisational commitment to the family business in which they are employed. This study sought to incorporate prior findings and theories on job satisfaction and organisational commitment into a comprehensive theoretical model. In addition, support for these theories was sought in the literature. The literature review revealed three main categories of constructs, namely, relational-based, organisational-based and reward-based factors, as influencing the levels of Job satisfaction and Organisational commitment of non-family employees working in family businesses. Within these three categories, 15 independent variables were identified and hypothesised to influence the levels of the dependent variables Job satisfaction and Organisational commitment. Of the 15 independent variables, 6 were categorised as relational-based, another 6 as organisational-based and 3 as reward-based factors. All of the constructs in this study were clearly defined and operationalised. Operationalisation was done by using reliable and valid items sourced from measuring instruments used by prior studies. In addition, several items were selfgenerated items based on secondary sources. The convenience snowball sampling technique was used to identify respondents, and a structured questionnaire was made available to them. The data collected 280 usable questionnaires and was subjected to various statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was assessed by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and Cronbach-alpha coefficients were confirmed for this purpose. v The 6 relational-based factors could not all be confirmed as initially intended. Of these factors, 5 were confirmed. Similarly, the organisational-based factors could not all be confirmed by the exploratory factor analysis. Four factors were confirmed in this regard. With regard to reward-based factors, these factors did not load as originally intended. Instead, a new factor (Job security and compensation) emerged. In this study, a number of statistical procedures were utilised to assess the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. These included descriptive statistics which was used to summarise the sample data. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation was also undertaken to establish the relationship between the various factors under investigation. However, the main statistical procedure that was used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the independent and dependent variables was the Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA). From the analysis, 7 submodels were identified and subjected to further testing. The following independent variables were identified as influencing the dependent variables in this study: Fairness; Personal needs alignment; Interpersonal relationships; Family harmony; Nature of the work; Working conditions; Job involvement; Governance; Job security and compensation. In addition, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to establish the influence that the various demographic variables could have on the dependent variables. The test included the use of Benferroni post-hoc test that was used to vi assess the statistical difference, while Cohen’s d-values were calculated to assess the practical significance between mean scores. Ownership of shares by non-family employees of the family business in which they are employed, the positions that these employees hold, as well as ethnicity of the respondents have been found to have an influence on the independent and dependent variables in this study. This study has empirically investigated the challenges non-family employees working in family businesses are faced with, and has thus added to the limited amount of family business literature on this valuable stakeholder group. The theoretical model developed in this study has made a significant contribution towards understanding the factors that influence the levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment of these employees. This study therefore presents recommendations and suggestions to assist family business leaders/owners in attracting and retaining non-family businesses in such a way as to give them a sense of belonging and to enhance the performance of their businesses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
A comparative analysis of the environmental impact of selected low-income housing developments in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Kumm, Simon
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Low-income housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8152 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/539 , Low-income housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: South Africa has a shortage of affordable housing for its poor. In order to overcome the shortage, a large number of houses need to be built. The bulk building of these houses has an effect on the environment and it is important to note whether or not this impact will be a lasting positive one or not. Governmental policies have recognised the need to create positive, sustainable settlement environments. The degree to which settlements are sustainable and reflect a positive environment is, however, a point of concern. This dissertation analyses and compares four low-income housing developments in the Eastern Cape in order to make proposals on how future low-income developments can impact more positively on their settlement environments, reduce their impact on non-renewable resources and better implement the ideals of the Development Facilitation Act. This was done in order to meet the expectations put in place by Government policies and to correct the historical shortcomings of South Africa’s low-income settlement provision. The method used was to determine, through literature study, a set of factors that most prominently impacted on low-income settlement environments. These were then compiled into a model, which was then used to analyse and compare existing settlements. This elicited a set of conclusions based on the findings and provided strategies for future settlements to follow to meet the research’s stated ideals. The literature study revealed a myriad of important principles that fell into six main categories that impacted on settlement environments. Furthermore, it was discovered that each of these principles should be assessed in the context of their human and natural environments as well as their effect at the scale of the unit, the settlement and the city. The analysis and comparison of the settlements revealed that all six of the model’s categories performed poorly in at least two of the four settlements analysed, a strong indication that the implementation of the model’s principles was not being successfully achieved in low-income settlements. It further revealed specific areas requiring attention in future developments. The analysis also revealed positive areas of implementation from each settlement that can be used in future settlements to meet the stated ideals of creating a positive impact on their settlement environments, reducing their impact on non-renewable resources and better implementing the ideals of the Development Facilitation Act. The study recommends that future settlements avoid the negative practices identified in these settlements and implement the positive strategies proposed for the benefit of future settlement environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Kumm, Simon
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Low-income housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8152 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/539 , Low-income housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: South Africa has a shortage of affordable housing for its poor. In order to overcome the shortage, a large number of houses need to be built. The bulk building of these houses has an effect on the environment and it is important to note whether or not this impact will be a lasting positive one or not. Governmental policies have recognised the need to create positive, sustainable settlement environments. The degree to which settlements are sustainable and reflect a positive environment is, however, a point of concern. This dissertation analyses and compares four low-income housing developments in the Eastern Cape in order to make proposals on how future low-income developments can impact more positively on their settlement environments, reduce their impact on non-renewable resources and better implement the ideals of the Development Facilitation Act. This was done in order to meet the expectations put in place by Government policies and to correct the historical shortcomings of South Africa’s low-income settlement provision. The method used was to determine, through literature study, a set of factors that most prominently impacted on low-income settlement environments. These were then compiled into a model, which was then used to analyse and compare existing settlements. This elicited a set of conclusions based on the findings and provided strategies for future settlements to follow to meet the research’s stated ideals. The literature study revealed a myriad of important principles that fell into six main categories that impacted on settlement environments. Furthermore, it was discovered that each of these principles should be assessed in the context of their human and natural environments as well as their effect at the scale of the unit, the settlement and the city. The analysis and comparison of the settlements revealed that all six of the model’s categories performed poorly in at least two of the four settlements analysed, a strong indication that the implementation of the model’s principles was not being successfully achieved in low-income settlements. It further revealed specific areas requiring attention in future developments. The analysis also revealed positive areas of implementation from each settlement that can be used in future settlements to meet the stated ideals of creating a positive impact on their settlement environments, reducing their impact on non-renewable resources and better implementing the ideals of the Development Facilitation Act. The study recommends that future settlements avoid the negative practices identified in these settlements and implement the positive strategies proposed for the benefit of future settlement environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
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