Apartheid debt - The pension component
- AIDC
- Authors: AIDC
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Alternative Information & Development Centre (AIDC)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/114703 , vital:34015
- Description: The Alternative Information and Development Centre (AIDC) and the NGO Coalition have called upon the new democratic government of South Africa not to pay the apartheid debt, incurred by the previous regime. The Reconstruction and Development Programme is suffering under the weight of interest payments on the debts made by the apartheid regime. Our organisations have argued that this debt is an odious debt incurred in the process of maintaining the system of apartheid. While major organisations of civil society have shown great interest in this issue, business and government circles . have been sceptical. A consistent concern has been raised in relation to the impact of debt cancellation for state pension holders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: AIDC
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Alternative Information & Development Centre (AIDC)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/114703 , vital:34015
- Description: The Alternative Information and Development Centre (AIDC) and the NGO Coalition have called upon the new democratic government of South Africa not to pay the apartheid debt, incurred by the previous regime. The Reconstruction and Development Programme is suffering under the weight of interest payments on the debts made by the apartheid regime. Our organisations have argued that this debt is an odious debt incurred in the process of maintaining the system of apartheid. While major organisations of civil society have shown great interest in this issue, business and government circles . have been sceptical. A consistent concern has been raised in relation to the impact of debt cancellation for state pension holders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Uncovering plagiarism in academic writing : developing authorial voice within multivoiced text
- Authors: Angelil-Carter, Shelley
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Plagiarism -- Research Academic writing -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1807 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003692
- Description: Plagiarism is a modern Western construct which arose with the introduction of copyright laws in the eighteenth century. Before this time, there was little sense of artistic "ownership". Since then, the ideas of "originality" in writing as well as the "autonomous text" have been highly valued. In the theoretical section of this dissertation I deal with plagiarism and referencing from three perspectives. After looking at problems of definition of plagiarism, I turn to the first perspective, the historical development of the notions of plagiarism and originality. Alongside this I discuss the notions of "autonomous text" and "decontextualized" language, and attempt to show that these concepts are problematic, and that language is intensely social at the levels of discourses, genres, and the word. The second angle is a snapshot of present-day writing genres, and how they deal with documentation in different ways. The third point of focus is on the development of the student writer, on whom present-day genres of academic writing, and the historically constructed notions of plagiarism converge. Here I centre on the development of the undergraduate student as a writer, and some of the things that may be happening when a student is seen to be plagiarizing. Some of these are the "alienness" of academic discourses, the hybridization of discourses, the need to "try on" academic discourses, the lack of authority of the student writer and her relationship to the authority of the sources, and the way in which languages are learned and reproduced in chunks. I look finally at what the meaning of authorship might be in an intensely social view of language, and at the complexity of developing authorial voice in writing. The dissertation is located in a postpositivist paradigm, and seeks to interpret as well as being oriented towards praxis. The research took place within the Political Studies Department at the University of Cape Town. The study included a discourse analysis of the departmental handbook, as well as analysis of academic essays, at the first year and third year level, which were selected for having problems with referencing, or having plagiarized. A few were selected for good referencing. Students who had written these essays, and tutors and lecturers who had marked them, were then interviewed. In the analysis I explore differing understandings of the role of referencing in the academic essay, what negative and positive consequences the practice of referencing and the monitoring of plagiarism have, with regard to authority and voice in student writing, what might be happening when students are thought to be plagiarizing, and what difficulties are experienced by students in developing an authorial voice when using multiple sources. The study found that there are a range of underlying causes for plagiarism in student writing, which indicate that plagiarism is more a problem of academic literacy than academic dishonesty. It also found that marking practices in detecting plagiarism may sometimes be based on problematic assumptions about the amount of background knowledge and independent ideas which students bring to their writing. I conclude by putting forward a pedagogy for plagiarism and referencing, which is based on 1) the negotiation of shared meaning around the concept of plagiarism, including an examination of assumptions linked to this concept in its monitoring and enforcement, leading to the development of written policy and guidelines emerging from this shared understanding. 2) The development of an academic literacy programme within the curriculum, with attention to the complexities of developing authorial voice whilst constructing a text based on the texts of others, with a focus on authors, which moves students towards an understanding of how knowledge is constructed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Angelil-Carter, Shelley
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Plagiarism -- Research Academic writing -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1807 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003692
- Description: Plagiarism is a modern Western construct which arose with the introduction of copyright laws in the eighteenth century. Before this time, there was little sense of artistic "ownership". Since then, the ideas of "originality" in writing as well as the "autonomous text" have been highly valued. In the theoretical section of this dissertation I deal with plagiarism and referencing from three perspectives. After looking at problems of definition of plagiarism, I turn to the first perspective, the historical development of the notions of plagiarism and originality. Alongside this I discuss the notions of "autonomous text" and "decontextualized" language, and attempt to show that these concepts are problematic, and that language is intensely social at the levels of discourses, genres, and the word. The second angle is a snapshot of present-day writing genres, and how they deal with documentation in different ways. The third point of focus is on the development of the student writer, on whom present-day genres of academic writing, and the historically constructed notions of plagiarism converge. Here I centre on the development of the undergraduate student as a writer, and some of the things that may be happening when a student is seen to be plagiarizing. Some of these are the "alienness" of academic discourses, the hybridization of discourses, the need to "try on" academic discourses, the lack of authority of the student writer and her relationship to the authority of the sources, and the way in which languages are learned and reproduced in chunks. I look finally at what the meaning of authorship might be in an intensely social view of language, and at the complexity of developing authorial voice in writing. The dissertation is located in a postpositivist paradigm, and seeks to interpret as well as being oriented towards praxis. The research took place within the Political Studies Department at the University of Cape Town. The study included a discourse analysis of the departmental handbook, as well as analysis of academic essays, at the first year and third year level, which were selected for having problems with referencing, or having plagiarized. A few were selected for good referencing. Students who had written these essays, and tutors and lecturers who had marked them, were then interviewed. In the analysis I explore differing understandings of the role of referencing in the academic essay, what negative and positive consequences the practice of referencing and the monitoring of plagiarism have, with regard to authority and voice in student writing, what might be happening when students are thought to be plagiarizing, and what difficulties are experienced by students in developing an authorial voice when using multiple sources. The study found that there are a range of underlying causes for plagiarism in student writing, which indicate that plagiarism is more a problem of academic literacy than academic dishonesty. It also found that marking practices in detecting plagiarism may sometimes be based on problematic assumptions about the amount of background knowledge and independent ideas which students bring to their writing. I conclude by putting forward a pedagogy for plagiarism and referencing, which is based on 1) the negotiation of shared meaning around the concept of plagiarism, including an examination of assumptions linked to this concept in its monitoring and enforcement, leading to the development of written policy and guidelines emerging from this shared understanding. 2) The development of an academic literacy programme within the curriculum, with attention to the complexities of developing authorial voice whilst constructing a text based on the texts of others, with a focus on authors, which moves students towards an understanding of how knowledge is constructed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Structures and thermal behaviour of some monooxalato and dioxalato metal complexes
- Authors: Bacsa, John
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Oxalates -- Research , Crystallography -- Research , Chemistry, Inorganic -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4351 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005016 , Oxalates -- Research , Crystallography -- Research , Chemistry, Inorganic -- Research
- Description: The crystal structure of Ba [Cu(C₂0₄)₂(H₂O)].5H₂O has been determined using single crystal X-ray diffractometry. It crystallises in the triclinic system, space group Pī , with a = 6.539(2) Å, b = 9.211(3) Å, c = 10.928(3) Å, a = 85.42(3)°, β = 79.22(3)° , γ = 80.30(3)°, V = 636.08(8)ų and Z = 2. The structure consists of [Cu(C₂0₄)₂(H₂O)]²⁻ ions weakly bridged by barium ions and water molecules. The copper(II) ions are in a tetragonally elongated square-pyramidal environment with some trigonal distortion. The two oxalate groups occupy the equatorial positions and a water molecule occupies the axial position. The barium ion is surrounded by nine oxygens: five oxygens from water molecules and four oxygens from oxalate groups. The thermal behaviour of Ba [Cu(C₂0₄)₂(H₂O)].5H₂0 in N₂ has been examined using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dehydration starts at relatively low temperatures (~80°C), but continues until the onset of the decomposition (~280°C). The decomposition takes place in two major stages. The mass of the intermediate after the first stage corresponded to the formation of barium oxalate and copper metal and, after the second stage, to the formation of barium carbonate and copper metal. The enthalpy for the dehydration was found to be 311 ±30 kJ mol⁻¹. The overall enthalpy change for the decomposition of Ba[Cu(C₂0₄)₂]in N₂ was estimated from the combined area of the peaks of the DSC curve as -347 kJ mol⁻¹. The kinetics of the thermal dehydration and decomposition were studied using isothermal TG. The dehydration was strongly deceleratory and the α-time curves could be described by the three-dimensional diffusion (D3) model. The values of the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor for the dehydration were 125 ±4 kJ mol⁻¹ and (1.38 ±0.08)x10¹⁵ min⁻¹, respectively. The decomposition was complex, consisting of at least two concurrent processes. The decomposition was analysed in terms of two overlapping deceleratory processes. One process was fast and could be described by the contracting-geometry model with n = 5. The other process was slow and could also be described by the contracting-geometry model , but with n = 2. The values of Eₐ and A were 206 ±23 kJ mol⁻¹ and (2.2 ±O.5)xl0¹⁹min⁻¹, respectively, for the fast process, and 259 ±37 kJ mol⁻¹ and (6.3 ±1.8)x10²³min⁻¹, respectively, for the slow process.The crystal structure of zinc oxalate dihydrate ([Zn(C₂0₄)(H₂O)₂]n) has also been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 11.786(2) Å, b = 5.397(1)Å, c = 9.712(1) Å, B = 126.19(5)°, V = 498.58(8)ų, Z = 4 and R = 0.037 for 435 absorption-corrected independent reflections and 50 parameters. The asymmetric unit consists of half the monomeric unit [Zn(C₂0₄)(H₂O)₂). The structure consists of infinite, linear chains of zinc ions bridged by oxalate groups. The geometry of the coordination polyhedron surrounding the zinc ion is octahedral, with the oxalate oxygens occupying the equatorial positions and water molecules occupying the axial positions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Bacsa, John
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Oxalates -- Research , Crystallography -- Research , Chemistry, Inorganic -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4351 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005016 , Oxalates -- Research , Crystallography -- Research , Chemistry, Inorganic -- Research
- Description: The crystal structure of Ba [Cu(C₂0₄)₂(H₂O)].5H₂O has been determined using single crystal X-ray diffractometry. It crystallises in the triclinic system, space group Pī , with a = 6.539(2) Å, b = 9.211(3) Å, c = 10.928(3) Å, a = 85.42(3)°, β = 79.22(3)° , γ = 80.30(3)°, V = 636.08(8)ų and Z = 2. The structure consists of [Cu(C₂0₄)₂(H₂O)]²⁻ ions weakly bridged by barium ions and water molecules. The copper(II) ions are in a tetragonally elongated square-pyramidal environment with some trigonal distortion. The two oxalate groups occupy the equatorial positions and a water molecule occupies the axial position. The barium ion is surrounded by nine oxygens: five oxygens from water molecules and four oxygens from oxalate groups. The thermal behaviour of Ba [Cu(C₂0₄)₂(H₂O)].5H₂0 in N₂ has been examined using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dehydration starts at relatively low temperatures (~80°C), but continues until the onset of the decomposition (~280°C). The decomposition takes place in two major stages. The mass of the intermediate after the first stage corresponded to the formation of barium oxalate and copper metal and, after the second stage, to the formation of barium carbonate and copper metal. The enthalpy for the dehydration was found to be 311 ±30 kJ mol⁻¹. The overall enthalpy change for the decomposition of Ba[Cu(C₂0₄)₂]in N₂ was estimated from the combined area of the peaks of the DSC curve as -347 kJ mol⁻¹. The kinetics of the thermal dehydration and decomposition were studied using isothermal TG. The dehydration was strongly deceleratory and the α-time curves could be described by the three-dimensional diffusion (D3) model. The values of the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor for the dehydration were 125 ±4 kJ mol⁻¹ and (1.38 ±0.08)x10¹⁵ min⁻¹, respectively. The decomposition was complex, consisting of at least two concurrent processes. The decomposition was analysed in terms of two overlapping deceleratory processes. One process was fast and could be described by the contracting-geometry model with n = 5. The other process was slow and could also be described by the contracting-geometry model , but with n = 2. The values of Eₐ and A were 206 ±23 kJ mol⁻¹ and (2.2 ±O.5)xl0¹⁹min⁻¹, respectively, for the fast process, and 259 ±37 kJ mol⁻¹ and (6.3 ±1.8)x10²³min⁻¹, respectively, for the slow process.The crystal structure of zinc oxalate dihydrate ([Zn(C₂0₄)(H₂O)₂]n) has also been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 11.786(2) Å, b = 5.397(1)Å, c = 9.712(1) Å, B = 126.19(5)°, V = 498.58(8)ų, Z = 4 and R = 0.037 for 435 absorption-corrected independent reflections and 50 parameters. The asymmetric unit consists of half the monomeric unit [Zn(C₂0₄)(H₂O)₂). The structure consists of infinite, linear chains of zinc ions bridged by oxalate groups. The geometry of the coordination polyhedron surrounding the zinc ion is octahedral, with the oxalate oxygens occupying the equatorial positions and water molecules occupying the axial positions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Poverty in Duncan Village, East London: a qualitiative perspective
- Authors: Bank, Leslie John
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Urban poor -- South Africa Rural-urban migration -- South Africa -- East London East London (South Africa) -- Social conditions -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2003 , vital:20246 , ISBN 0868103209
- Description: East London is a minor coastal city with a fragile economy based largely on the food, motor and textile manufacturing sectors. Between 1945 and 1960 the economy of the city grew rapidly registering annual growth rates in excess of 10%. This growth was based on secondary industrialization in the manufacturing sector. However, since the inauguration of the homeland policy which wedged East London between two impoverished, self- governing homeland states, Transkei and Ciskei, the economy of the city has fared less well. Low annual growth rates were recorded throughout the 1970s and 1980s despite efforts by the Apartheid government to shore up the local economy by offering attractive industrial decentralization incentives in the region. The fragility of the city is not only based on its regional location, but on the absence of mineral and power sources and its distance from major metropolitan markets. Being situated in one of the poorest provinces in the country, East London's growth has always been limited by a weak local consumer market (Swilling 1987: 140). While the economic prospects for the city have recently improved with the dismantling of the homeland system and the centralization of the Eastern Cape's regional government in nearby capital of Bisho (30 minutes’ drive from East London), the city is still badly in need of major economic investment to cater for its rapidly growing population. During the past decade, there has been a massive transfer of population from rural to urban areas in the Eastern Cape generally. This occurred as a result of a softening of homeland borders in the mid-1980s, the removal of the influx control laws in 1986, as well as the deterioration of agricultural prospects in a region gripped by a crippling drought throughout the 1980s. These factors have ensured that East London became the tar-get of a sustained wave of rural-urban immigration. Dozens of new informal settlements have sprung up all over the city during the past five years, while the established townships within the city limits have become hopelessly overcrowded. The research for this project was conducted in East London's most congested township, Duncan Village. In 1995, it had a population of approximately 100 000 people. Between 1964 and 1979, Duncan Village was the target of massive forced removals. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Bank, Leslie John
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Urban poor -- South Africa Rural-urban migration -- South Africa -- East London East London (South Africa) -- Social conditions -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2003 , vital:20246 , ISBN 0868103209
- Description: East London is a minor coastal city with a fragile economy based largely on the food, motor and textile manufacturing sectors. Between 1945 and 1960 the economy of the city grew rapidly registering annual growth rates in excess of 10%. This growth was based on secondary industrialization in the manufacturing sector. However, since the inauguration of the homeland policy which wedged East London between two impoverished, self- governing homeland states, Transkei and Ciskei, the economy of the city has fared less well. Low annual growth rates were recorded throughout the 1970s and 1980s despite efforts by the Apartheid government to shore up the local economy by offering attractive industrial decentralization incentives in the region. The fragility of the city is not only based on its regional location, but on the absence of mineral and power sources and its distance from major metropolitan markets. Being situated in one of the poorest provinces in the country, East London's growth has always been limited by a weak local consumer market (Swilling 1987: 140). While the economic prospects for the city have recently improved with the dismantling of the homeland system and the centralization of the Eastern Cape's regional government in nearby capital of Bisho (30 minutes’ drive from East London), the city is still badly in need of major economic investment to cater for its rapidly growing population. During the past decade, there has been a massive transfer of population from rural to urban areas in the Eastern Cape generally. This occurred as a result of a softening of homeland borders in the mid-1980s, the removal of the influx control laws in 1986, as well as the deterioration of agricultural prospects in a region gripped by a crippling drought throughout the 1980s. These factors have ensured that East London became the tar-get of a sustained wave of rural-urban immigration. Dozens of new informal settlements have sprung up all over the city during the past five years, while the established townships within the city limits have become hopelessly overcrowded. The research for this project was conducted in East London's most congested township, Duncan Village. In 1995, it had a population of approximately 100 000 people. Between 1964 and 1979, Duncan Village was the target of massive forced removals. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Small business development in Duncan Village: towards a new development framework
- Bank, Leslie John, Jekwa, Mandisi, Lujabe, Phumeza, Mlomo, Bongani
- Authors: Bank, Leslie John , Jekwa, Mandisi , Lujabe, Phumeza , Mlomo, Bongani
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Community Bank of Southern Africa (Firm) Duncan Village Hawkers Association Duncan village (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Duncan village (South Africa) -- History Duncan village (South Africa) -- Social conditions Peddlers and peddling -- South Africa Unemployment -- South Africa -- East London East London (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Unemployment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2036 , vital:20249 , ISBN 0868103225
- Description: The main aim of this research project is to explore the nature and extent of the informal business sector in Duncan Village and to consider what actions and interventions might stimulate growth and development in this sector. In order to achieve this objective we have organised this report around five main themes: the socio-economic context, a profile of small business operators, supply and marketing strategies, finance and training programmes, and community involvement. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Bank, Leslie John , Jekwa, Mandisi , Lujabe, Phumeza , Mlomo, Bongani
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Community Bank of Southern Africa (Firm) Duncan Village Hawkers Association Duncan village (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Duncan village (South Africa) -- History Duncan village (South Africa) -- Social conditions Peddlers and peddling -- South Africa Unemployment -- South Africa -- East London East London (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Unemployment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2036 , vital:20249 , ISBN 0868103225
- Description: The main aim of this research project is to explore the nature and extent of the informal business sector in Duncan Village and to consider what actions and interventions might stimulate growth and development in this sector. In order to achieve this objective we have organised this report around five main themes: the socio-economic context, a profile of small business operators, supply and marketing strategies, finance and training programmes, and community involvement. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains with special emphasis on Central and Western Africa
- Authors: Breedt, Machiel Christoffel
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Geochemical prospecting -- Tropics , Geochemical prospecting -- Africa , Gold ores -- Geology -- Tropics , Gold ores -- Geology -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005578 , Geochemical prospecting -- Tropics , Geochemical prospecting -- Africa , Gold ores -- Geology -- Tropics , Gold ores -- Geology -- Africa
- Description: The aim of this dissertation is an attempt to' provide a general guide for future gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. The dissertation includes a brief discussion of the various exploration techniques used in regional and local exploration. This provide the necessary background knowledge to discriminate between the constraints and applications and to be able to select the techniques which are more suitable for gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. Weathering, gold geochemistry and soil formation, fields often neglected, are emphasized to illustrate the importance of the mobility and dispersion of gold in the weathering of the lateritic soil profile. A sound knowledge and experience in regolith mapping is to the advantage of the explorationist. Case studies with special emphasis on Central- and Western Africa are included to illustrate the effectiveness of some of the gold exploration techniques in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. Gold exploration is a highly complex and demanding science and to be successfull involves the full intergration of all geological, geochemical and geophysical information available. An intergrated exploration method and strategy would enhance the possibility of making viable discoveries in this highly competative environment where our mineral resources become more depleted every day. Where applicable, the reader is refered to various recommended literature sources to provide the necessary background knowledge which form an integral part of gold exploration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Breedt, Machiel Christoffel
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Geochemical prospecting -- Tropics , Geochemical prospecting -- Africa , Gold ores -- Geology -- Tropics , Gold ores -- Geology -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005578 , Geochemical prospecting -- Tropics , Geochemical prospecting -- Africa , Gold ores -- Geology -- Tropics , Gold ores -- Geology -- Africa
- Description: The aim of this dissertation is an attempt to' provide a general guide for future gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. The dissertation includes a brief discussion of the various exploration techniques used in regional and local exploration. This provide the necessary background knowledge to discriminate between the constraints and applications and to be able to select the techniques which are more suitable for gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. Weathering, gold geochemistry and soil formation, fields often neglected, are emphasized to illustrate the importance of the mobility and dispersion of gold in the weathering of the lateritic soil profile. A sound knowledge and experience in regolith mapping is to the advantage of the explorationist. Case studies with special emphasis on Central- and Western Africa are included to illustrate the effectiveness of some of the gold exploration techniques in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. Gold exploration is a highly complex and demanding science and to be successfull involves the full intergration of all geological, geochemical and geophysical information available. An intergrated exploration method and strategy would enhance the possibility of making viable discoveries in this highly competative environment where our mineral resources become more depleted every day. Where applicable, the reader is refered to various recommended literature sources to provide the necessary background knowledge which form an integral part of gold exploration.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A critical analysis of South African underground comics
- Authors: Breytenbach, Jesse-Ann
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Underground comic books, strips, etc. -- South Africa -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2396 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002192
- Description: In a critical analysis of several independantly produced South African comics of the 1980s and early 1990s, close analysis of the comics leads to an assessment of the artists'intentions and purposes. Discussion of the artists' sources focuses on definitions of different types of comics. What is defined as a comic is usually what has been produced under that definition, and these comics are positioned somewhere between the popular and fine art contexts. As the artists are amateurs, the mechanical structure of comics is exposed through their skill in manipulating, and their initial ignorance of, many comic conventions. By comparison to one another, and to the standard format of commercial comics, some explanation of how a comic works can be reached. The element of closure, bridging the gaps between frames, is unique to comics, and is the most important consideration. Comic artists work with the intangible, creating from static elements an illusion of motion. If the artist deals primarily with what is on the page rather than what is not, the comic remains static. Questions of quality are reliant on the skill with which closure is implemented. The art students who produced these comics are of a generation for whom popular culture is the dominant culture, and they create for an audience of peers. Their cultural milieu is more visual than verbal, and often more media oriented than that of their teachers. They must integrate a fine art training and understanding into the preset rules of a commercial medium. Confronted with the problem of a separation of languages, they evolve a new dialect. Through comparative and critical analyses I will show how this dialect differs from the language of conventional comics, attempting in particular to explain how the mechanics of the cornie medium can limit or expand its communicative potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Breytenbach, Jesse-Ann
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Underground comic books, strips, etc. -- South Africa -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2396 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002192
- Description: In a critical analysis of several independantly produced South African comics of the 1980s and early 1990s, close analysis of the comics leads to an assessment of the artists'intentions and purposes. Discussion of the artists' sources focuses on definitions of different types of comics. What is defined as a comic is usually what has been produced under that definition, and these comics are positioned somewhere between the popular and fine art contexts. As the artists are amateurs, the mechanical structure of comics is exposed through their skill in manipulating, and their initial ignorance of, many comic conventions. By comparison to one another, and to the standard format of commercial comics, some explanation of how a comic works can be reached. The element of closure, bridging the gaps between frames, is unique to comics, and is the most important consideration. Comic artists work with the intangible, creating from static elements an illusion of motion. If the artist deals primarily with what is on the page rather than what is not, the comic remains static. Questions of quality are reliant on the skill with which closure is implemented. The art students who produced these comics are of a generation for whom popular culture is the dominant culture, and they create for an audience of peers. Their cultural milieu is more visual than verbal, and often more media oriented than that of their teachers. They must integrate a fine art training and understanding into the preset rules of a commercial medium. Confronted with the problem of a separation of languages, they evolve a new dialect. Through comparative and critical analyses I will show how this dialect differs from the language of conventional comics, attempting in particular to explain how the mechanics of the cornie medium can limit or expand its communicative potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
The nutritional requirements of Haliotis midae and development of a practical diet for abalone aquaculture
- Authors: Britz, Peter Jacobus
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Abalones -- Nutrition Abalone culture
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5307 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005152
- Description: The available literature on abalone nutrition was synthesised and the prospects for developing a complete pelleted dry feed for Haliotis midae evaluated. The similar body compositions, digestive structures, enzyme activity, acceptance of a wide variety of feed ingredients and comparable growth performance on formulated diets of various abalone species suggests that they have similar nutritional requirements. Abalone also appear to be similar to other farmed monogastric animals in that digestion is primarily extracelluar and they possess a large, muscular crop and stomach. Abalone energy metabolism is carbohydrate based. They are capable of digesting high levels of dietary protein but their ability to utilise fat is limited. Abalone have been shown to consume predictable amounts of dry feed which is efficiently converted into body weight. Efficiency indices of utilisation of formulated feeds, such as feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilisation and apparent digestibility have been successfully applied to abalone. It was concluded that the prospects for developing complete diets for H. midae using a conventional animal feed science model were good. The ability of H. midae to utilise a range of proteins which had potential for inclusion in practical diets was investigated. Five protein rich ingredients, namely, casein, fishmeal, soya oil cake, Spirulina, and torula yeast, were fed to H. midae in semi-purified diets. Two algal diets, fresh Plocamium corallorhiza and dried Ecklonia maxima were fed as controls. Abalone fed on fishmeal and Spirulina based diets displayed significantly higher growth rates than diets containing soya oil cake, torula yeast, casein and E. maxima. Growth rates of abalone fed with P. corallorhiza were significantly lower than all other diets. All artificial diets yield lower feed conversion ratios (0.7-1.8) and higher protein efficiency ratios (3.3-6.5) ratios than the seaweed control diets (FCR = 2.8-3.4; PER = 2.2-3.0). The results indicated that fishmeal and Spirulina were the most suitable proteins for inclusion in practical diets for H. midae. The effect of protein level on growth rate and nutritional indices was evaluated by feeding starch bound, fishmeal based diets containing 27, 32, 37, 42 and 47% protein to juvenile H. midae. Weight gain was positively related to the level of dietary protein, increasing by 18% between 27% and 47% protein. Protein efficiency ratio declining from 3.2 to 2.3 with an increasing dietary protein content. Feed consumption rate was approximately 1% of body weight per day for all diets. Post-weaning abalone (ca. lOmm shell length, 0.2g) differed from larger juveniles (ca. 35mm, 8g) in their response to varying proportions of dietary protein and energy. The smaller animals appeared to have a lower protein requirement and poorer ability to utilise lipid than the larger juveniles. Proximate analyses revealed that the levels of protein, lipid and carbohydrate in abalone soft tissue increased with increasing dietary levels of these nutrients. Larger juveniles contained significantly higher levels of protein and carbohydrate, but lower levels of lipid, ash and moisture, than the smaller post-weaning abalone. The assimilation efficiency of [U-¹⁴C]-arginine by H. midae fed diets enriched with [U-¹⁴C]-arginine was only 0.45%. Furthennore, supplementation of diets with graded levels of crystalline arginine did not have any effect on growth rates. It was concluded that the prospects for defining the quantitative amino acid requirements of H. midae using crystalline amino acids are not promising. Rates of gastric evacuation and enzyme secretion were monitored in juvenile H. midae fed an extruded, fishmeal based dry feed. Gut fullness peaked 6h after feed was offered and the bulk of feed consumed was digested within 24 h. Enzyme secretion appeared to begin with the onset of feeding and continued for at least 6h after peak gut fullness was attained. Protease activity increased significantly following ingestion but amylase activity was maintained at a more or less constant level. A low level of lipase activity was observed suggesting that the ability of H. midae to digest fat is limited. The growth rate of H. midae fed an extruded, fishmeal based feed increased with increasing temperature between 12°C and 20°C. Between 20°C and 24°C a marked decline in growth rate accompanied by a deterioration in feed conversion and increased mortality was observed. Consumption of a dry pelleted feed was shown to be a function of body size and temperature. Based on these data a model which predicts a daily ration for H. midae was developed. The present study showed that H. midae efficiently utilises extruded dry feeds containing conventional feed ingredients. Although technical difficulties were encountered in measuring apparent digestibility, it was concluded that the prospects for developing practical diets according to established nutritional principles are promising.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Britz, Peter Jacobus
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Abalones -- Nutrition Abalone culture
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5307 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005152
- Description: The available literature on abalone nutrition was synthesised and the prospects for developing a complete pelleted dry feed for Haliotis midae evaluated. The similar body compositions, digestive structures, enzyme activity, acceptance of a wide variety of feed ingredients and comparable growth performance on formulated diets of various abalone species suggests that they have similar nutritional requirements. Abalone also appear to be similar to other farmed monogastric animals in that digestion is primarily extracelluar and they possess a large, muscular crop and stomach. Abalone energy metabolism is carbohydrate based. They are capable of digesting high levels of dietary protein but their ability to utilise fat is limited. Abalone have been shown to consume predictable amounts of dry feed which is efficiently converted into body weight. Efficiency indices of utilisation of formulated feeds, such as feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilisation and apparent digestibility have been successfully applied to abalone. It was concluded that the prospects for developing complete diets for H. midae using a conventional animal feed science model were good. The ability of H. midae to utilise a range of proteins which had potential for inclusion in practical diets was investigated. Five protein rich ingredients, namely, casein, fishmeal, soya oil cake, Spirulina, and torula yeast, were fed to H. midae in semi-purified diets. Two algal diets, fresh Plocamium corallorhiza and dried Ecklonia maxima were fed as controls. Abalone fed on fishmeal and Spirulina based diets displayed significantly higher growth rates than diets containing soya oil cake, torula yeast, casein and E. maxima. Growth rates of abalone fed with P. corallorhiza were significantly lower than all other diets. All artificial diets yield lower feed conversion ratios (0.7-1.8) and higher protein efficiency ratios (3.3-6.5) ratios than the seaweed control diets (FCR = 2.8-3.4; PER = 2.2-3.0). The results indicated that fishmeal and Spirulina were the most suitable proteins for inclusion in practical diets for H. midae. The effect of protein level on growth rate and nutritional indices was evaluated by feeding starch bound, fishmeal based diets containing 27, 32, 37, 42 and 47% protein to juvenile H. midae. Weight gain was positively related to the level of dietary protein, increasing by 18% between 27% and 47% protein. Protein efficiency ratio declining from 3.2 to 2.3 with an increasing dietary protein content. Feed consumption rate was approximately 1% of body weight per day for all diets. Post-weaning abalone (ca. lOmm shell length, 0.2g) differed from larger juveniles (ca. 35mm, 8g) in their response to varying proportions of dietary protein and energy. The smaller animals appeared to have a lower protein requirement and poorer ability to utilise lipid than the larger juveniles. Proximate analyses revealed that the levels of protein, lipid and carbohydrate in abalone soft tissue increased with increasing dietary levels of these nutrients. Larger juveniles contained significantly higher levels of protein and carbohydrate, but lower levels of lipid, ash and moisture, than the smaller post-weaning abalone. The assimilation efficiency of [U-¹⁴C]-arginine by H. midae fed diets enriched with [U-¹⁴C]-arginine was only 0.45%. Furthennore, supplementation of diets with graded levels of crystalline arginine did not have any effect on growth rates. It was concluded that the prospects for defining the quantitative amino acid requirements of H. midae using crystalline amino acids are not promising. Rates of gastric evacuation and enzyme secretion were monitored in juvenile H. midae fed an extruded, fishmeal based dry feed. Gut fullness peaked 6h after feed was offered and the bulk of feed consumed was digested within 24 h. Enzyme secretion appeared to begin with the onset of feeding and continued for at least 6h after peak gut fullness was attained. Protease activity increased significantly following ingestion but amylase activity was maintained at a more or less constant level. A low level of lipase activity was observed suggesting that the ability of H. midae to digest fat is limited. The growth rate of H. midae fed an extruded, fishmeal based feed increased with increasing temperature between 12°C and 20°C. Between 20°C and 24°C a marked decline in growth rate accompanied by a deterioration in feed conversion and increased mortality was observed. Consumption of a dry pelleted feed was shown to be a function of body size and temperature. Based on these data a model which predicts a daily ration for H. midae was developed. The present study showed that H. midae efficiently utilises extruded dry feeds containing conventional feed ingredients. Although technical difficulties were encountered in measuring apparent digestibility, it was concluded that the prospects for developing practical diets according to established nutritional principles are promising.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Physics and applications of scintillation detectors
- Authors: Brooks, Francis Dey
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Nuclear physics Scintillation counters Nuclear counters Detectors
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DSc
- Identifier: vital:5482 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005268
- Description: The papers submitted in this volume present contributions and reviews on the physics of the scintillation process together with contributions to the development of scintillation detection techniques and the use of these techniques in nuclear physics research and in the applications of nuclear methods to other fields.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Brooks, Francis Dey
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Nuclear physics Scintillation counters Nuclear counters Detectors
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DSc
- Identifier: vital:5482 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005268
- Description: The papers submitted in this volume present contributions and reviews on the physics of the scintillation process together with contributions to the development of scintillation detection techniques and the use of these techniques in nuclear physics research and in the applications of nuclear methods to other fields.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Where are the men? : an investigation into female-headed households in Rini, with reference to household structures, the dynamics of gender and strategies against poverty
- Authors: Brown, Brenda
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Women heads of households -- South Africa , Poor women -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2097 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002660 , Women heads of households -- South Africa , Poor women -- South Africa
- Description: An in-depth study is conducted into ten female-headed households in the township of Rini, an underprivileged section of Grahamstown in the Eastem Cape region of South Africa. The study provides information on the way in which such households function in conditions of poverty and underemployment. The meaning of the term 'household' is clearly defined. A household consists of a group of people, who may or may not be kin-related, but who usually live under the same roof, eat together and share resources. Household members may be absent for varying periods of time, but are still considered to have rights in the household to which they belong. The female-headed household usually contains a core of adult women who are often uterine kin. Men are frequently members of these households and are usually related to the women who form the core. Their status and roles in such households are defined and intra-household relations between household members are discussed. In this study, female headship is observed to occur in conditions of poverty when an elderly woman is widowed, receives a regular income in the form of and old age pension, and when her status as the senior member of the household is acknowledged. The presence of men in female-headed households has not been widely emphasised in other studies, either of the female-headed household itself, or in research done in this area of South Africa. An attempt is therefore made to illustrate the way in which men function in these households and the varying roles they play. An attempt is also made to describe other structures and practices which support the female-headed household in a rapidly changing urban environment. These include church membership, burial society membership, the informal economy, wider kinship networks and, in the case of the men, the rite of circumcision.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Brown, Brenda
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Women heads of households -- South Africa , Poor women -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2097 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002660 , Women heads of households -- South Africa , Poor women -- South Africa
- Description: An in-depth study is conducted into ten female-headed households in the township of Rini, an underprivileged section of Grahamstown in the Eastem Cape region of South Africa. The study provides information on the way in which such households function in conditions of poverty and underemployment. The meaning of the term 'household' is clearly defined. A household consists of a group of people, who may or may not be kin-related, but who usually live under the same roof, eat together and share resources. Household members may be absent for varying periods of time, but are still considered to have rights in the household to which they belong. The female-headed household usually contains a core of adult women who are often uterine kin. Men are frequently members of these households and are usually related to the women who form the core. Their status and roles in such households are defined and intra-household relations between household members are discussed. In this study, female headship is observed to occur in conditions of poverty when an elderly woman is widowed, receives a regular income in the form of and old age pension, and when her status as the senior member of the household is acknowledged. The presence of men in female-headed households has not been widely emphasised in other studies, either of the female-headed household itself, or in research done in this area of South Africa. An attempt is therefore made to illustrate the way in which men function in these households and the varying roles they play. An attempt is also made to describe other structures and practices which support the female-headed household in a rapidly changing urban environment. These include church membership, burial society membership, the informal economy, wider kinship networks and, in the case of the men, the rite of circumcision.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Drama in South African secondary schools meeting the challenges of educational change
- Authors: Carklin, Michael Larry
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Drama in education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2133 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002365 , Drama in education -- South Africa
- Description: South Africa is undergoing fundamental transformation at all levels of government and civil society, requiring a firm commitment to redressing the legacy of apartheid and to the development of South Africa's people. Part of this commitment is to undertake research which complements transformation processes, investigating the most appropriate ways to meet the challenges posed by such change. This study examines the potential of drama in the secondary school to meet key educational challenges, motivating strongly for the inclusion of drama as part of the formal curriculum in all schools. Social transformation has been greatly influenced by policy such as the Reconstruction & Development Programme (RDP) and subsequent Government White Papers which identify the need to develop South Africa's human resources as crucial. It is in this light, arid in the context of great disparity that exists across the education spectrum, that learning experiences of high quality must be provided in schools. It is argued that drama, as an lift form and an educational medium, is able to provide such qualitatively sound learning experiences because it is essentially learner-centered, experiential and holistic, offering unique ways of knowing, understanding and gaining insights. However, the classroom drama experience needs careful conceptualisation itself, particularly in view of the fact that life experiences of pupils are characteriseg by multiplicity and diversity within a new era of social and cultural mixing, as well as increased global interaction through, for example, the mass media and the internet. This study thus argues from a post-structuralist perspective, which embraces notions of multiplicity, proposing a reconceptualisation of the classroom drama experience that challenges the oppositional or binary perspectives that have previously characterised the way we think about drama and education. Example~ include art versus utilitarianism; process versus product; drama versus theatre. Investigating the classroom drama experierice in the light of developments in postmodern theatre, this study proposes that classroom drama should be seen as a form of theatre itself and suggests the term theatricalisaction to describe this classroom-theatre process which is based on action, reflection, experience and creative expression. It becomes a theatre of activity or an activating theatre. In this light classroom drama is considered in a specifically South Mrican context. In particular, this study examines the ways in which the following contexts impact upon the drama experience: the education system, the place of the arts within that system, and cultural and linguistic diversity in the classroom. Drawing on policy documentation, conference proceedings and studies that have been carried out in multiculturalism and multilingualism, the specific educational challenges facing South Africans are identified. In further exploring the potential of drama to meeting these challenges, this study documents the results of surveys conducted with drama teachers and with ~students who have studied drama as one of their formal subjects, highlighting in particular their perceptions, perspectives and experiences regarding the aims and value of drama education. Finally, in light of the information gained from teachers and learners, and of the concepts and contexts investigated, this thesis considers the ways in which the drama experience can contribute to meeting three primary educational challenges: the building of a culture of learning; the development and empowerment of pupils; and the embracing of cultural and linguistic diversity. This study concludes that drama is able to contribute significantly to educational change because of the teaching and learning processes it offers as an art form, and in particular, a theatre form. It is such a participatory, democratic classroom-theatre which provides a teaching and learning approach that should be at the core of transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Carklin, Michael Larry
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Drama in education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2133 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002365 , Drama in education -- South Africa
- Description: South Africa is undergoing fundamental transformation at all levels of government and civil society, requiring a firm commitment to redressing the legacy of apartheid and to the development of South Africa's people. Part of this commitment is to undertake research which complements transformation processes, investigating the most appropriate ways to meet the challenges posed by such change. This study examines the potential of drama in the secondary school to meet key educational challenges, motivating strongly for the inclusion of drama as part of the formal curriculum in all schools. Social transformation has been greatly influenced by policy such as the Reconstruction & Development Programme (RDP) and subsequent Government White Papers which identify the need to develop South Africa's human resources as crucial. It is in this light, arid in the context of great disparity that exists across the education spectrum, that learning experiences of high quality must be provided in schools. It is argued that drama, as an lift form and an educational medium, is able to provide such qualitatively sound learning experiences because it is essentially learner-centered, experiential and holistic, offering unique ways of knowing, understanding and gaining insights. However, the classroom drama experience needs careful conceptualisation itself, particularly in view of the fact that life experiences of pupils are characteriseg by multiplicity and diversity within a new era of social and cultural mixing, as well as increased global interaction through, for example, the mass media and the internet. This study thus argues from a post-structuralist perspective, which embraces notions of multiplicity, proposing a reconceptualisation of the classroom drama experience that challenges the oppositional or binary perspectives that have previously characterised the way we think about drama and education. Example~ include art versus utilitarianism; process versus product; drama versus theatre. Investigating the classroom drama experierice in the light of developments in postmodern theatre, this study proposes that classroom drama should be seen as a form of theatre itself and suggests the term theatricalisaction to describe this classroom-theatre process which is based on action, reflection, experience and creative expression. It becomes a theatre of activity or an activating theatre. In this light classroom drama is considered in a specifically South Mrican context. In particular, this study examines the ways in which the following contexts impact upon the drama experience: the education system, the place of the arts within that system, and cultural and linguistic diversity in the classroom. Drawing on policy documentation, conference proceedings and studies that have been carried out in multiculturalism and multilingualism, the specific educational challenges facing South Africans are identified. In further exploring the potential of drama to meeting these challenges, this study documents the results of surveys conducted with drama teachers and with ~students who have studied drama as one of their formal subjects, highlighting in particular their perceptions, perspectives and experiences regarding the aims and value of drama education. Finally, in light of the information gained from teachers and learners, and of the concepts and contexts investigated, this thesis considers the ways in which the drama experience can contribute to meeting three primary educational challenges: the building of a culture of learning; the development and empowerment of pupils; and the embracing of cultural and linguistic diversity. This study concludes that drama is able to contribute significantly to educational change because of the teaching and learning processes it offers as an art form, and in particular, a theatre form. It is such a participatory, democratic classroom-theatre which provides a teaching and learning approach that should be at the core of transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A critical analysis of the application of total quality management principles in two schools
- Authors: Carlson, Brian Kenneth
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Total quality management School management and organization -- Case studies School management and organization -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1472 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003353
- Description: In recent years, the principles of Total Quality Management, developed by Edwards Deming and others and used with varying degrees of success in the business world, have been used in schools as part of the process to transform education in terms of school management and classroom learning. This research grew out of my experiences when St. Andrew's Preparatory School participated in a Total Quality Management training programme which highlighted for me the problems and the benefits of such training. This research was undertaken, therefore, to find out how two other schools - one a high school in Grahamstown and the other a high school in Clarke County, U.S.A. had responded to similar training. Open ended questionnaires were used and the responses were analyzed to detect patterns of thoughts, feelings and attitudes, particularly in terms of human relationships at the school and with regard to various components of school culture. Comparisons were also made between the responses from the two schools, and the findings were compared with the claims made for TQM by the theorists and other educational practitioners who have ventured into TQM in their schools. The research findings indicate that Total Quality Management training had a positive impact on the participating schools but that there are problems associated with its adaptation for education. Given the necessary leadership commitment, however, these problems are not insurmountable. Total Quality Management may well be able to contribute towards the restructing of education which seems to be more and more urgently needed both in South Africa and in their countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Carlson, Brian Kenneth
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Total quality management School management and organization -- Case studies School management and organization -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1472 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003353
- Description: In recent years, the principles of Total Quality Management, developed by Edwards Deming and others and used with varying degrees of success in the business world, have been used in schools as part of the process to transform education in terms of school management and classroom learning. This research grew out of my experiences when St. Andrew's Preparatory School participated in a Total Quality Management training programme which highlighted for me the problems and the benefits of such training. This research was undertaken, therefore, to find out how two other schools - one a high school in Grahamstown and the other a high school in Clarke County, U.S.A. had responded to similar training. Open ended questionnaires were used and the responses were analyzed to detect patterns of thoughts, feelings and attitudes, particularly in terms of human relationships at the school and with regard to various components of school culture. Comparisons were also made between the responses from the two schools, and the findings were compared with the claims made for TQM by the theorists and other educational practitioners who have ventured into TQM in their schools. The research findings indicate that Total Quality Management training had a positive impact on the participating schools but that there are problems associated with its adaptation for education. Given the necessary leadership commitment, however, these problems are not insurmountable. Total Quality Management may well be able to contribute towards the restructing of education which seems to be more and more urgently needed both in South Africa and in their countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Profile on CWIU
- Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Authors: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170170 , vital:41864
- Description: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (GW1U) CW1U wus launched in November 1074 following a wuvo of strikes by workers in Durban, who wero demanding bettor wages. During those dark yours when repression wus at its highest peak, workers hud no hade unions to assist them. In chemical, transport, textile and .paper industries, workers formed trade unions to take their struggle forward. They also formed a tight .federation, the Trade Union Advisory and Co-ordinating Committee (TUACC). At its launch in 1974, CWIU was concentrated in Durban and had just under 1 000 members. In July 1980, a branch was opened in the "old” Transvaal. In building a national union, CWIU merged with Glass and Allied Workers Union (Gawu) in 1982. In the interim, other branches where launched throughout the country, though it was easy task with security cops keeping surveillance on every movement of union officials. To build a stronger united worker-front, CWIU took quantum leap when it merged again with Plastics and Allied Workers Union in 1986.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170170 , vital:41864
- Description: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (GW1U) CW1U wus launched in November 1074 following a wuvo of strikes by workers in Durban, who wero demanding bettor wages. During those dark yours when repression wus at its highest peak, workers hud no hade unions to assist them. In chemical, transport, textile and .paper industries, workers formed trade unions to take their struggle forward. They also formed a tight .federation, the Trade Union Advisory and Co-ordinating Committee (TUACC). At its launch in 1974, CWIU was concentrated in Durban and had just under 1 000 members. In July 1980, a branch was opened in the "old” Transvaal. In building a national union, CWIU merged with Glass and Allied Workers Union (Gawu) in 1982. In the interim, other branches where launched throughout the country, though it was easy task with security cops keeping surveillance on every movement of union officials. To build a stronger united worker-front, CWIU took quantum leap when it merged again with Plastics and Allied Workers Union in 1986.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Geochemical exploration in tropical terrains with special reference to base metals
- Authors: Chiconela, Domingos Rubão
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Geochemical prospecting -- Research -- Tropics , Geological mapping -- Research -- Tropics , Weathering -- Research -- Tropics , Geochemistry -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005565 , Geochemical prospecting -- Research -- Tropics , Geological mapping -- Research -- Tropics , Weathering -- Research -- Tropics , Geochemistry -- Research
- Description: In tropical areas, the high rainfall induces severe-and pervasive weathering, producing a thick soil cover. The lithologies underneath may b~ recognised using geochemical mapping, which is based on certain elements that have the ability to differentiate between various lithologic units. Elements that are independent of the weathering process are normally selected for this purpose. The chemistry of mobility of base metals is an important factor to take into account when evaluating the mobility and distribution of these elements in a soil profile. Factors such as pH, Eh, organic material, clay minerals, Fe and Mn oxides are normally key aspects to be considered. When iron-rich rocks undergo deep weathering, lateritic profiles are developed. These are widespread in a belt bordering the equatorial zone, including the Brazilian shield, West and East Africa, parts of India and Northern Australia. In these profiles, the high rainfall promotes intense leaching of the different horizons. Where the pre-existing profiles are mostly preserved, the base metals are distributed throughout the profile: in the upper ferruginous horizon, goethite and hematite can adsorb large amounts of Mo, resulting in large dispersion halo. Other base metals such as Cu and Zn are less resistant in these freely-drained profiles and, therefore, they may be partly leached from the profile. In the lower horizons, Cu, ,zn, Ni and Co are retained, hosted in kaolinite and smectite, and thus, a high geochemical contrast will be identified in this horizon at the expense of a decline in the size of the dispersion haloes. The pre-existing profiles can be truncated, with a thin stone line developing at the contact between the lateritic profile and the recent soil. The conditions in these environments favour the retention of most of the pathfinder and target elements in all soil horizons, with the B horizon showing the highest contrast. If the primary rock is rich in AI, a bauxitic profile will be developed. The world distribution of bauxites closely resembles that of laterites. The behaviour of Co and Ni is very similar to that of iron during the bauxitization. Furthermore, the factors that induce residual enrichment of Al with removal of Fe in the soil profile will cause significant depletion of Co and Ni in these profiles. These metals are then concentrated at the base of the profile because of precipitation from downward percolating solutions. Many karst bauxite deposits in Southern Europe are enriched with Ni and Co in the basal horizon. Such horizon is mined as nickel ore in the bauxites of the Lokris region in Greece. Copper and molybdenum are strongly enriched.in bauxitic profiles. Concentration ratios are 8 and 3.2 for Cu and Mo respectively. Molybdenum is closely related to goethite and hematite, and therefore, the high concentration of Mo in a bauxitic profile will be consistent with the horizon where iron is concentrated. Copper concentrates at the base of the iron rich-horizon but also appears enriched in the saprolite together with Co. When sulphide bodies occur, in this environment, deep and penetrative weathering has resulted in considerable near-surface mobilization of iron and silica. The supergene alteration commonly obscures the identity of the primary sulphides at the surface. In this case, geochemical assessment of the resulting gossan has proved to be crucial in mineral exploration. A search in the secondary mineral assemblage, volatile and precious metals may lead to the information on the composition of the primary sulphide assemblage. The conclusion that will be reached is that if the geochemical properties (mobility, affinities with Fe or Mn oxides and/or clay minerals) of each of the base metals are understood, an appropriate sampling (optimum size-depth combination) will then be done. In such cases, a subdued, weak, but significant, geochemical response will be identified in the surface horizon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Chiconela, Domingos Rubão
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Geochemical prospecting -- Research -- Tropics , Geological mapping -- Research -- Tropics , Weathering -- Research -- Tropics , Geochemistry -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005565 , Geochemical prospecting -- Research -- Tropics , Geological mapping -- Research -- Tropics , Weathering -- Research -- Tropics , Geochemistry -- Research
- Description: In tropical areas, the high rainfall induces severe-and pervasive weathering, producing a thick soil cover. The lithologies underneath may b~ recognised using geochemical mapping, which is based on certain elements that have the ability to differentiate between various lithologic units. Elements that are independent of the weathering process are normally selected for this purpose. The chemistry of mobility of base metals is an important factor to take into account when evaluating the mobility and distribution of these elements in a soil profile. Factors such as pH, Eh, organic material, clay minerals, Fe and Mn oxides are normally key aspects to be considered. When iron-rich rocks undergo deep weathering, lateritic profiles are developed. These are widespread in a belt bordering the equatorial zone, including the Brazilian shield, West and East Africa, parts of India and Northern Australia. In these profiles, the high rainfall promotes intense leaching of the different horizons. Where the pre-existing profiles are mostly preserved, the base metals are distributed throughout the profile: in the upper ferruginous horizon, goethite and hematite can adsorb large amounts of Mo, resulting in large dispersion halo. Other base metals such as Cu and Zn are less resistant in these freely-drained profiles and, therefore, they may be partly leached from the profile. In the lower horizons, Cu, ,zn, Ni and Co are retained, hosted in kaolinite and smectite, and thus, a high geochemical contrast will be identified in this horizon at the expense of a decline in the size of the dispersion haloes. The pre-existing profiles can be truncated, with a thin stone line developing at the contact between the lateritic profile and the recent soil. The conditions in these environments favour the retention of most of the pathfinder and target elements in all soil horizons, with the B horizon showing the highest contrast. If the primary rock is rich in AI, a bauxitic profile will be developed. The world distribution of bauxites closely resembles that of laterites. The behaviour of Co and Ni is very similar to that of iron during the bauxitization. Furthermore, the factors that induce residual enrichment of Al with removal of Fe in the soil profile will cause significant depletion of Co and Ni in these profiles. These metals are then concentrated at the base of the profile because of precipitation from downward percolating solutions. Many karst bauxite deposits in Southern Europe are enriched with Ni and Co in the basal horizon. Such horizon is mined as nickel ore in the bauxites of the Lokris region in Greece. Copper and molybdenum are strongly enriched.in bauxitic profiles. Concentration ratios are 8 and 3.2 for Cu and Mo respectively. Molybdenum is closely related to goethite and hematite, and therefore, the high concentration of Mo in a bauxitic profile will be consistent with the horizon where iron is concentrated. Copper concentrates at the base of the iron rich-horizon but also appears enriched in the saprolite together with Co. When sulphide bodies occur, in this environment, deep and penetrative weathering has resulted in considerable near-surface mobilization of iron and silica. The supergene alteration commonly obscures the identity of the primary sulphides at the surface. In this case, geochemical assessment of the resulting gossan has proved to be crucial in mineral exploration. A search in the secondary mineral assemblage, volatile and precious metals may lead to the information on the composition of the primary sulphide assemblage. The conclusion that will be reached is that if the geochemical properties (mobility, affinities with Fe or Mn oxides and/or clay minerals) of each of the base metals are understood, an appropriate sampling (optimum size-depth combination) will then be done. In such cases, a subdued, weak, but significant, geochemical response will be identified in the surface horizon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Establishing criteria to evaluate reading programmes intended for intermediate to advanced level ESL learners in South African schools
- Authors: Chipasula, Esther Kamana
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Second language acquisition -- South Africa English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers Reading comprehension
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003403
- Description: This study set out to formulate criteria for evaluating reading comprehension materials intended for ESL readers in~high schools in South Africa. Such criteria may help teachers in selecting textbooks which have theoretically-informed reading programmes. It was first necessary, therefore, to isolate those points from reading comprehension theory that could be included in the criteria. Secondly, other checklists/criteria in ESL evaluation were examined to identify a framework within which to work. In the first draft, questions to be included in the criteria/checklist were formulated using justification from reading comprehension theory. A focus group technique was then used to obtain preliminary feedback on the usability of the checklist. Suggestions from the focus group were used to revise the cri teria . A final checklist was prepared which teachers could use as an instrument to evaluate reading comprehension programmes in language textbooks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Chipasula, Esther Kamana
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Second language acquisition -- South Africa English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers Reading comprehension
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003403
- Description: This study set out to formulate criteria for evaluating reading comprehension materials intended for ESL readers in~high schools in South Africa. Such criteria may help teachers in selecting textbooks which have theoretically-informed reading programmes. It was first necessary, therefore, to isolate those points from reading comprehension theory that could be included in the criteria. Secondly, other checklists/criteria in ESL evaluation were examined to identify a framework within which to work. In the first draft, questions to be included in the criteria/checklist were formulated using justification from reading comprehension theory. A focus group technique was then used to obtain preliminary feedback on the usability of the checklist. Suggestions from the focus group were used to revise the cri teria . A final checklist was prepared which teachers could use as an instrument to evaluate reading comprehension programmes in language textbooks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
6th National Congress Resolutions
- Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
- Authors: Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/106040 , vital:32596
- Description: COSATU must intervene in affiliates where it has identified problems, where problems have been brought to its attention and / or has been requested to do so. The CEC should draw guidelines on how and under which circumstances the federation and its structures may intervene taking into account clauses 3.9 and 3.10 of the constitution. Such intervention should not undermine affiliates where such problems exist. COSATU leadership must be visible during major disputes between affiliates and employers and co-ordinate solidarity with workers involved in such disputes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/106040 , vital:32596
- Description: COSATU must intervene in affiliates where it has identified problems, where problems have been brought to its attention and / or has been requested to do so. The CEC should draw guidelines on how and under which circumstances the federation and its structures may intervene taking into account clauses 3.9 and 3.10 of the constitution. Such intervention should not undermine affiliates where such problems exist. COSATU leadership must be visible during major disputes between affiliates and employers and co-ordinate solidarity with workers involved in such disputes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Psychiatric problems in the primary health care context: a study in the Border-Kei area
- Authors: Cook, Jacqueline
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Primary health care -- South Africa , Mental health services -- South Africa , Black people -- Mental health -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2954 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002463 , Primary health care -- South Africa , Mental health services -- South Africa , Black people -- Mental health -- South Africa
- Description: A clinic survey was undertaken to investigate the nature of psychiatric problems experienced by the primary health care (PHC) patient population in the Bisho-King William's Town area of the Eastern Cape Region. The study took as its point of departure research findings which attest to the high rate of psychiatric distress amongst this population group in different parts of the world and ohservations regarding the form of presentation in terms of physical complaints. Hypotheses posited relationships between psychiatric problems experienced by patients attending PHC clinics in the study area and four types of variables, namely; somatic complaints, socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of health service utilisation and patient satisfaction with health services. Using a quasi-experimental descriptive approach, a two-stage screening procedure sorted the patient sample into three groups on the basis of the degree of psychiatric symptomatology experienced. The triangulation of the results of between-groups analyses with case materials recorded during psychiatric interviewing provided for an ethnographic account of the cultural experience of distress in the study area. The screening process used standard instruments, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) in the first stage and the Present State Examination (PSE) in the second stage. A pilot study was conducted prior to the fieldwork for the main study. Using the SRQ, thirteen psychiatric paticnts and 31 general PHC patients were sampled for the pilot study and 148 PHC patients were sampled for the main study. Using the PSE, 11 and 57 PSE interviews were conducted in the pilot and main studies respectively. Between-groups analyses used chi-square and F-statistics to investigate possible associations with identified patient correlates (P<0.5). These were socio-demographic, utilisation and satisfaction variables, measured by a separate face-valid self-response instrument compiled for the purposes of this study. Psychiatric symptomatology was found to be statistically significantly related to age, marital status and educational level. Further, patients experiencing more psychiatric symptomatology reported significantly more illnesses requiring treatment, longer consultation periods and a greater number of sick bed days. No statistically significant relationships were found between psychiatric symptomatology and number of children, number of failures at school, amount of treatment utilised, number of consultations, or patient satisfaction with services. Descriptive analyses of symptom and syndrome profiles found certain somatic complaints to be particularly prevalent amongst the patient sample. These include headaches and various tension pains, decreased energy levels and digestive problems. Qualitative analysis of interview data found that many somatic and psychiatric problems experienced constitute culturally defined and meaningful experiences, especially 'umbilini' (or nerves), 'ufufunyana' (a possession state), and accusations of witchcraft. Interpretation of complaints from the local traditional healing perspective, revealed a more complex mode of communication between patients and the health delivery system than may be accounted for in terms of a simple biomedical model. The interpretive analysis in the study showed that some forms of presentation incorporating somatic symptoms, such as 'nerves' may he viewed as help seeking behaviour of the socially unempowered. Implications of the results are discussed in relation to the need for improved identification and management of psychiatric distress at PHC level facilitated by a better developed referral network and closer interaction between biomedical and anthropological perspectives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Cook, Jacqueline
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Primary health care -- South Africa , Mental health services -- South Africa , Black people -- Mental health -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2954 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002463 , Primary health care -- South Africa , Mental health services -- South Africa , Black people -- Mental health -- South Africa
- Description: A clinic survey was undertaken to investigate the nature of psychiatric problems experienced by the primary health care (PHC) patient population in the Bisho-King William's Town area of the Eastern Cape Region. The study took as its point of departure research findings which attest to the high rate of psychiatric distress amongst this population group in different parts of the world and ohservations regarding the form of presentation in terms of physical complaints. Hypotheses posited relationships between psychiatric problems experienced by patients attending PHC clinics in the study area and four types of variables, namely; somatic complaints, socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of health service utilisation and patient satisfaction with health services. Using a quasi-experimental descriptive approach, a two-stage screening procedure sorted the patient sample into three groups on the basis of the degree of psychiatric symptomatology experienced. The triangulation of the results of between-groups analyses with case materials recorded during psychiatric interviewing provided for an ethnographic account of the cultural experience of distress in the study area. The screening process used standard instruments, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) in the first stage and the Present State Examination (PSE) in the second stage. A pilot study was conducted prior to the fieldwork for the main study. Using the SRQ, thirteen psychiatric paticnts and 31 general PHC patients were sampled for the pilot study and 148 PHC patients were sampled for the main study. Using the PSE, 11 and 57 PSE interviews were conducted in the pilot and main studies respectively. Between-groups analyses used chi-square and F-statistics to investigate possible associations with identified patient correlates (P<0.5). These were socio-demographic, utilisation and satisfaction variables, measured by a separate face-valid self-response instrument compiled for the purposes of this study. Psychiatric symptomatology was found to be statistically significantly related to age, marital status and educational level. Further, patients experiencing more psychiatric symptomatology reported significantly more illnesses requiring treatment, longer consultation periods and a greater number of sick bed days. No statistically significant relationships were found between psychiatric symptomatology and number of children, number of failures at school, amount of treatment utilised, number of consultations, or patient satisfaction with services. Descriptive analyses of symptom and syndrome profiles found certain somatic complaints to be particularly prevalent amongst the patient sample. These include headaches and various tension pains, decreased energy levels and digestive problems. Qualitative analysis of interview data found that many somatic and psychiatric problems experienced constitute culturally defined and meaningful experiences, especially 'umbilini' (or nerves), 'ufufunyana' (a possession state), and accusations of witchcraft. Interpretation of complaints from the local traditional healing perspective, revealed a more complex mode of communication between patients and the health delivery system than may be accounted for in terms of a simple biomedical model. The interpretive analysis in the study showed that some forms of presentation incorporating somatic symptoms, such as 'nerves' may he viewed as help seeking behaviour of the socially unempowered. Implications of the results are discussed in relation to the need for improved identification and management of psychiatric distress at PHC level facilitated by a better developed referral network and closer interaction between biomedical and anthropological perspectives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Ambiguous contagion the discourse of race in South African English writing, 1890-1930
- Cornwell, David Gareth Napier
- Authors: Cornwell, David Gareth Napier
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: South African literature -- History and criticism Race in literature Race relations in literature Social classes in literature Ethnicity in literature Sex role in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2226 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002269
- Description: This study explores representations of race and racial difference in the writing of white South Africans in English, between the years, approximately, of 1890 and 1930. The first chapter essays a theoretical and historical investigation of the concept of race and offers a narrative of the rise of Western racialism. Its conclusion, that race has functioned as a vehicle of displacement for other forms of difference in the competition for advantage among social groups, is qualified in Chapter Two by the postulate of an anthropologial absolute, the "ethnic imperative", to help account for the strategic emergence of racialism in specific historical circumstances. The role of the ethnic imperative in the moral economy of colonial South Africa in the years 1890-1930 is examined through the analysis of three representative texts. In Chapter Three, a wide range of primary material is canvassed for prevailing views on the "Native Question", the perceived social threat posed by the half-caste, and the "Black Peril", culminating in the detailed examination of a fictional text. A particular concern in both Chapters Two and Three is the imagery of disease and contagion in terms of which racial contact is typically represented. The following chapter situates the literary works discussed in the study in the context of the South African literary tradition, then uses the example of selected short stories to indicate some narratological problems encountered by the writer with a racialist agenda within the medium of realist fiction. Chapters Five and Six investigate, through the close reading of selected novels, thematic concerns rooted in the intersection of the discourse of race with those of gender and social class. The final chapter reveals how William Plomer's novel, Turbott Wolfe, represents a volatile synthesis of a standard discourse on social class, an acknowledgement of the ethnic imperative, the imagery of contagion, and a principled repudiation of racialism, in a multi-faceted, modernist, and partially self-aware fashion. The more salient conclusions reached by this study concern the inadequacy of purely materialist analysis to account for the phenomenon of racialism, the historically determined link between racial attitudes and sexuality, and the manifest incompatibility of racial ideology with the liberal humanism inscribed in the formal requirements of the realist work of fiction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Cornwell, David Gareth Napier
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: South African literature -- History and criticism Race in literature Race relations in literature Social classes in literature Ethnicity in literature Sex role in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2226 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002269
- Description: This study explores representations of race and racial difference in the writing of white South Africans in English, between the years, approximately, of 1890 and 1930. The first chapter essays a theoretical and historical investigation of the concept of race and offers a narrative of the rise of Western racialism. Its conclusion, that race has functioned as a vehicle of displacement for other forms of difference in the competition for advantage among social groups, is qualified in Chapter Two by the postulate of an anthropologial absolute, the "ethnic imperative", to help account for the strategic emergence of racialism in specific historical circumstances. The role of the ethnic imperative in the moral economy of colonial South Africa in the years 1890-1930 is examined through the analysis of three representative texts. In Chapter Three, a wide range of primary material is canvassed for prevailing views on the "Native Question", the perceived social threat posed by the half-caste, and the "Black Peril", culminating in the detailed examination of a fictional text. A particular concern in both Chapters Two and Three is the imagery of disease and contagion in terms of which racial contact is typically represented. The following chapter situates the literary works discussed in the study in the context of the South African literary tradition, then uses the example of selected short stories to indicate some narratological problems encountered by the writer with a racialist agenda within the medium of realist fiction. Chapters Five and Six investigate, through the close reading of selected novels, thematic concerns rooted in the intersection of the discourse of race with those of gender and social class. The final chapter reveals how William Plomer's novel, Turbott Wolfe, represents a volatile synthesis of a standard discourse on social class, an acknowledgement of the ethnic imperative, the imagery of contagion, and a principled repudiation of racialism, in a multi-faceted, modernist, and partially self-aware fashion. The more salient conclusions reached by this study concern the inadequacy of purely materialist analysis to account for the phenomenon of racialism, the historically determined link between racial attitudes and sexuality, and the manifest incompatibility of racial ideology with the liberal humanism inscribed in the formal requirements of the realist work of fiction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
George Webb Hardy's the Black Peril and the social meaning of ‘Black Peril’ in early twentieth-century South Africa
- Authors: Cornwell, Gareth D N
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:6116 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004240 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03057079608708504
- Description: preprint , The 'Black Peril' — the threatened rape of white women by black men — was an important factor in the moral economy underpinning colonial debate about the 'Native Question' in early twentieth-century South Africa. This essay gives sympathetic consideration to studies which have attempted to link the recurrence of Black Peril panics with specific disturbances in the economy or body politic, before offering symptomatic readings of two pieces of writing by George Webb Hardy, the article 'The Black Peril' (1904) and the novel The Black Peril (1912). These readings suggest that the rape threat was essentially a rationalization of white men's fear of sexual competition from black men. The imagery of purity and contagion, in terms of which the 'endogamous imperative' is typically represented in such texts, suggests that the idea of caste may usefully be invoked in attempts to explain the seemingly irrational public hysteria surrounding the Black Peril phenomenon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Cornwell, Gareth D N
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:6116 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004240 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03057079608708504
- Description: preprint , The 'Black Peril' — the threatened rape of white women by black men — was an important factor in the moral economy underpinning colonial debate about the 'Native Question' in early twentieth-century South Africa. This essay gives sympathetic consideration to studies which have attempted to link the recurrence of Black Peril panics with specific disturbances in the economy or body politic, before offering symptomatic readings of two pieces of writing by George Webb Hardy, the article 'The Black Peril' (1904) and the novel The Black Peril (1912). These readings suggest that the rape threat was essentially a rationalization of white men's fear of sexual competition from black men. The imagery of purity and contagion, in terms of which the 'endogamous imperative' is typically represented in such texts, suggests that the idea of caste may usefully be invoked in attempts to explain the seemingly irrational public hysteria surrounding the Black Peril phenomenon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
6th National Congress Resolutions
- COSATU
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/152499 , vital:39284
- Description: COSATU must intervene in affiliates where it has identified problems, where problems have been brought to its attention and / or has been requested to do so. The CEC should draw guidelines on how and under which circumstances the federation and its structures may intervene taking into account clauses 3.9 and 3.10 of the constitution. Such intervention should not undermine affiliates where such problems exist. COSATU leadership must be visible during major disputes between affiliates and employers and co-ordinate solidarity with workers involved in such disputes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/152499 , vital:39284
- Description: COSATU must intervene in affiliates where it has identified problems, where problems have been brought to its attention and / or has been requested to do so. The CEC should draw guidelines on how and under which circumstances the federation and its structures may intervene taking into account clauses 3.9 and 3.10 of the constitution. Such intervention should not undermine affiliates where such problems exist. COSATU leadership must be visible during major disputes between affiliates and employers and co-ordinate solidarity with workers involved in such disputes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996