Synthesis of ytterbium bisphthalocyanines
- Sekhosana, Kutloana E, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloana E , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189887 , vital:44943 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2014.05.013"
- Description: Herein we report on the syntheses, photophysico-chemical properties and nonlinear absorption parameters of bis-{1(4), 8(11), 15(18), 22(25)-(tetrapyridin-2-yloxy phthalocyaninato)} ytterbium (III) (3) and bis-{1(4), 8(11), 15(18), 22(25)-(tetrapyridin-4-yloxy phthalocyaninato)} ytterbium (III) (4). The fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields obtained for complexes 3 and 4 are low. The triplet quantum yield obtained for complex 3 is high at ΦT = 0.89 whereas for complex 4 ΦT = 0.48. The third order optical susceptibility values are of the order: 10−11 esu (for complex 3), and 10−13 esu (for complex 4) while the hyperpolarizability values are of the order: 10−28 esu (for complex 3) and 10−31 esu (for complex 4). Complexes 3 and 4 show two-photon absorption coefficients of the order of 10−46 cm4 s/photon and 10−48 cm4 s/photon, and threshold intensities as low as 0.3 J cm−2 and 0.0045 J cm−2, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloana E , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/189887 , vital:44943 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2014.05.013"
- Description: Herein we report on the syntheses, photophysico-chemical properties and nonlinear absorption parameters of bis-{1(4), 8(11), 15(18), 22(25)-(tetrapyridin-2-yloxy phthalocyaninato)} ytterbium (III) (3) and bis-{1(4), 8(11), 15(18), 22(25)-(tetrapyridin-4-yloxy phthalocyaninato)} ytterbium (III) (4). The fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields obtained for complexes 3 and 4 are low. The triplet quantum yield obtained for complex 3 is high at ΦT = 0.89 whereas for complex 4 ΦT = 0.48. The third order optical susceptibility values are of the order: 10−11 esu (for complex 3), and 10−13 esu (for complex 4) while the hyperpolarizability values are of the order: 10−28 esu (for complex 3) and 10−31 esu (for complex 4). Complexes 3 and 4 show two-photon absorption coefficients of the order of 10−46 cm4 s/photon and 10−48 cm4 s/photon, and threshold intensities as low as 0.3 J cm−2 and 0.0045 J cm−2, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Characterization of electrodes modified by one pot or step by step electro-click reaction and axial ligation of iron tetracarboxyphthalocyanine
- Maringa, Audacity, Mashazi, Philani N, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Maringa, Audacity , Mashazi, Philani N , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7307 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020384
- Description: The modification of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was carried out using two methods. The first method is simultaneous electropolymerization and electro-click followed by immersion into a solution of dimethyl formamide (DMF) containing FeTCPc. The second method is step by step whereby electropolymerization is carried out first followed by electro-click and then immersion into a DMF solution containing FeTCPc. From the electrochemical characterization, it was observed that the second route (step by step method) was the best as indicated by the ferricyanide studies (cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy). In the electrooxidation of hydrazine, we obtained a potential of 0.26 V. Of interest were the detection limit of 6.4 μM and the catalytic rate constant of 2.1 × 109 cm3 mol−1 s−1. This shows that the sensor can be used for the electrooxidation of hydrazine. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.011
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Maringa, Audacity , Mashazi, Philani N , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7307 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020384
- Description: The modification of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was carried out using two methods. The first method is simultaneous electropolymerization and electro-click followed by immersion into a solution of dimethyl formamide (DMF) containing FeTCPc. The second method is step by step whereby electropolymerization is carried out first followed by electro-click and then immersion into a DMF solution containing FeTCPc. From the electrochemical characterization, it was observed that the second route (step by step method) was the best as indicated by the ferricyanide studies (cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy). In the electrooxidation of hydrazine, we obtained a potential of 0.26 V. Of interest were the detection limit of 6.4 μM and the catalytic rate constant of 2.1 × 109 cm3 mol−1 s−1. This shows that the sensor can be used for the electrooxidation of hydrazine. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.011
- Full Text: false
Effect of bovine serum albumin and single walled carbon nanotube on the photophysical properties of zinc octacarboxy phthalocyanine
- Ogbodu, Racheal O, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ogbodu, Racheal O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7321 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020566
- Description: This work reports on the photophysical parameters of the conjugate between zinc octacarboxy phthalocyanine (ZnOCPc) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) represented as ZnOCPc–BSA (1) which was further adsorbed onto single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) represented as (ZnOCPc–BSA–SWCNT 2). ZnOCPc (without BSA) was also adsorbed on SWCNT represented as ZnOCPc–SWCNT (3). The presence of BSA resulted in the increase in singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) for 1 (at ΦΔ = 0.44) and 2 (at ΦΔ = 0.41) compared to ΦΔ = 0.21 for ZnOCPc alone. For complex 3 which did not contain BSA singlet oxygen quantum yield decreased. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.064
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Ogbodu, Racheal O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7321 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020566
- Description: This work reports on the photophysical parameters of the conjugate between zinc octacarboxy phthalocyanine (ZnOCPc) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) represented as ZnOCPc–BSA (1) which was further adsorbed onto single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) represented as (ZnOCPc–BSA–SWCNT 2). ZnOCPc (without BSA) was also adsorbed on SWCNT represented as ZnOCPc–SWCNT (3). The presence of BSA resulted in the increase in singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) for 1 (at ΦΔ = 0.44) and 2 (at ΦΔ = 0.41) compared to ΦΔ = 0.21 for ZnOCPc alone. For complex 3 which did not contain BSA singlet oxygen quantum yield decreased. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.064
- Full Text: false
Effects of analytes on the fluorescence properties of CdTe@ZnS quantum dots decorated with cobalt tetraamino-phthalocyanine
- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7315 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020541
- Description: In this work, we have carried out an investigation on the effects of different biologically active analytes on the fluorescence response of glutathione-capped CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs)-colbalt tetraamino-phthalocyanine nanoconjugate system. Firstly, fluorescence quenching occurred. Experimental results showed that some analytes either “turned on”, others further quenched or showed no effect on the fluorescence emission of the nanoprobe. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.09.079
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7315 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020541
- Description: In this work, we have carried out an investigation on the effects of different biologically active analytes on the fluorescence response of glutathione-capped CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs)-colbalt tetraamino-phthalocyanine nanoconjugate system. Firstly, fluorescence quenching occurred. Experimental results showed that some analytes either “turned on”, others further quenched or showed no effect on the fluorescence emission of the nanoprobe. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.09.079
- Full Text: false
Effects of differently shaped silver nanoparticles on the photophysics of pyridylsulfanyl-substituted phthalocyanines
- D’Souza, Sarah, Mashazi, Philani N, Britton, Jonathan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: D’Souza, Sarah , Mashazi, Philani N , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7290 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020353
- Description: This paper reports on the photophysical behavior of (2-pyridylsulfanyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II) and 2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra-(2-pyridylsulfanyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II) in the presence of differently shaped silver nanoparticles (nanospheres, nanotriangles and nanoflowers). The presence of shaped nanoparticles increased both triplet quantum yields and lifetimes of the tetra-substituted mercaptopyridine zinc phthalocyanine in DMSO. It is apparent from this work that the shape of the silver nanoparticle used is of little consequence in influencing photophysical behavior of the phthalocyanines. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2015.06.038
- Full Text: false
- Authors: D’Souza, Sarah , Mashazi, Philani N , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7290 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020353
- Description: This paper reports on the photophysical behavior of (2-pyridylsulfanyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II) and 2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra-(2-pyridylsulfanyl)phthalocyaninato zinc(II) in the presence of differently shaped silver nanoparticles (nanospheres, nanotriangles and nanoflowers). The presence of shaped nanoparticles increased both triplet quantum yields and lifetimes of the tetra-substituted mercaptopyridine zinc phthalocyanine in DMSO. It is apparent from this work that the shape of the silver nanoparticle used is of little consequence in influencing photophysical behavior of the phthalocyanines. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2015.06.038
- Full Text: false
Effects of number of ring substituents on the physicochemical properties of zinc aminophenoxy phthalocyanine-single walled carbon nanotube conjugate
- Ogbodu, Racheal O, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ogbodu, Racheal O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7319 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020564
- Description: This work reports on the linking of zinc monoaminophenoxy (ZnMAPPc) or zinc tetraaminophenoxy phthalocyanine (ZnTAPPc) complexes to single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through either covalent or non-covalent (adsorption) bonding. The functionalized complexes showed better thermal stability when compared to the SWCNT-COOH, ZnMAPPc and ZnTAPPc alone as confirmed by thermogravimetric analyses. The covalently linked ZnMAPc-SWCNT showed higher electron transfer rate constant and photoinduced electron efficiency when compared to adsorbed complexes. ZnMAPPc-SWCNT complexes (linked and adsorbed) showed better photophysical and photochemical properties when compared to ZnTAPPc-SWCNT complexes. The triplet, singlet oxygen and florescence quantum yields of ZnMAPPc (or ZnTAPPc) decrease upon linking or adsorption onto SWCNTs. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.09.015
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Ogbodu, Racheal O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7319 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020564
- Description: This work reports on the linking of zinc monoaminophenoxy (ZnMAPPc) or zinc tetraaminophenoxy phthalocyanine (ZnTAPPc) complexes to single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through either covalent or non-covalent (adsorption) bonding. The functionalized complexes showed better thermal stability when compared to the SWCNT-COOH, ZnMAPPc and ZnTAPPc alone as confirmed by thermogravimetric analyses. The covalently linked ZnMAPc-SWCNT showed higher electron transfer rate constant and photoinduced electron efficiency when compared to adsorbed complexes. ZnMAPPc-SWCNT complexes (linked and adsorbed) showed better photophysical and photochemical properties when compared to ZnTAPPc-SWCNT complexes. The triplet, singlet oxygen and florescence quantum yields of ZnMAPPc (or ZnTAPPc) decrease upon linking or adsorption onto SWCNTs. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.09.015
- Full Text: false
Electrocatalytic behahiour of cobalt tetraamino-phthalocyanine in the presence of a composite of reduced graphene nanosheets and of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- Nyoni, Stephen, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nyoni, Stephen , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7309 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020386
- Description: A composite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with reduced graphene nanosheets (rGNS-2) was developed in order to minimize the restacking of the latter. The composite was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). GCE was further modified with cobalt tetraamino phthalocyanine (CoTAPc). The modified electrode is represented as rGNS-2-MWCNT-CoTAPc-GCE. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to explore into surface functionalities, morphology and topography of the nanocomposite. The rGNS-2-MWCNT-CoTAPc-GCE had a low limit of detection of 3.32 × 10−8 M towards the detection of paraguat as a test analyte. A mechanism for paraquat detection using an rGNS-2-MWCNT-CoTAPc-GCE is also proposed in this work. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.093
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Nyoni, Stephen , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7309 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020386
- Description: A composite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with reduced graphene nanosheets (rGNS-2) was developed in order to minimize the restacking of the latter. The composite was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). GCE was further modified with cobalt tetraamino phthalocyanine (CoTAPc). The modified electrode is represented as rGNS-2-MWCNT-CoTAPc-GCE. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to explore into surface functionalities, morphology and topography of the nanocomposite. The rGNS-2-MWCNT-CoTAPc-GCE had a low limit of detection of 3.32 × 10−8 M towards the detection of paraguat as a test analyte. A mechanism for paraquat detection using an rGNS-2-MWCNT-CoTAPc-GCE is also proposed in this work. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.093
- Full Text: false
Electrochemical behaviour of gold nanoparticles and Co tetraaminophthalocyanine on glassy carbon electrode
- Maringa, Audacity, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Maringa, Audacity , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7306 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020383
- Description: We report on the electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) followed by polymerization of cobalt tetraamino phthalocyanine (CoPc(NH2)4) on top (represented as poly-CoPc(NH2)4-/AuNPs-GCE). The modified electrode where CoPc(NH2)4 is polymerized first followed by deposition of AuNPs is represented as AuNPs/poly-CoPc(NH2)4-GCE. In the absence of AuNPs, the electrode is represented as poly-CoPc(NH2)4-GCE or for AuNPs alone (AuNPs-GCE). The surface coverage was 1.5 × 10−9 mol cm−2 for AuNPs-GCE and 3.0 × 10−9 mol cm−2 for the rest of the modified electrodes. AuNPs/CoPc(NH2)4-GCE exhibited high electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of nitrite, with detection potential of 0.76 V. The catalytic rate constant of 3.96 × 107 cm3 mol−1 s−1 was obtained for nitrite oxidation. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.132
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Maringa, Audacity , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7306 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020383
- Description: We report on the electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) followed by polymerization of cobalt tetraamino phthalocyanine (CoPc(NH2)4) on top (represented as poly-CoPc(NH2)4-/AuNPs-GCE). The modified electrode where CoPc(NH2)4 is polymerized first followed by deposition of AuNPs is represented as AuNPs/poly-CoPc(NH2)4-GCE. In the absence of AuNPs, the electrode is represented as poly-CoPc(NH2)4-GCE or for AuNPs alone (AuNPs-GCE). The surface coverage was 1.5 × 10−9 mol cm−2 for AuNPs-GCE and 3.0 × 10−9 mol cm−2 for the rest of the modified electrodes. AuNPs/CoPc(NH2)4-GCE exhibited high electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of nitrite, with detection potential of 0.76 V. The catalytic rate constant of 3.96 × 107 cm3 mol−1 s−1 was obtained for nitrite oxidation. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.132
- Full Text: false
Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of octa-substituted lead and cadmium phthalocyanines when embedded in poly(bisphenol A carbonate) as thin films
- Mkhize, Colin, Britton, Jonathan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mkhize, Colin , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7320 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020565
- Description: This work presents photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of a novel Cd 2,3-[octakis{4-tert-butylphenoxyphthalocyanine}] (CdOtBPPc) and compare them with those of Pb 2,3-[octakis{4-tert-butylphenoxyphthalocyanine}] (PbOtBPPc). For both the CdOtBPPc and PbOtBPPc, third order imaginary susceptibility and second order hyperpolarizability values were found to be within the limit set for good optical limiters. The Pcs were embedded in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBC) as thin films. The optical limiting values of the Pcs once embedded in film were found to be greatly improved and the limiting fluence of each film was well below the maximum threshold. Both PbOtBPPc and CdOtBPPc showed better optical limiting when embedded in PBC compared to PMMA. CdOtBPPc shows better nonlinear optical behavior than PbOtBPPc in solution and as thin films, even though the former is aggregated in solution. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2014.07.025
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Mkhize, Colin , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7320 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020565
- Description: This work presents photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of a novel Cd 2,3-[octakis{4-tert-butylphenoxyphthalocyanine}] (CdOtBPPc) and compare them with those of Pb 2,3-[octakis{4-tert-butylphenoxyphthalocyanine}] (PbOtBPPc). For both the CdOtBPPc and PbOtBPPc, third order imaginary susceptibility and second order hyperpolarizability values were found to be within the limit set for good optical limiters. The Pcs were embedded in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBC) as thin films. The optical limiting values of the Pcs once embedded in film were found to be greatly improved and the limiting fluence of each film was well below the maximum threshold. Both PbOtBPPc and CdOtBPPc showed better optical limiting when embedded in PBC compared to PMMA. CdOtBPPc shows better nonlinear optical behavior than PbOtBPPc in solution and as thin films, even though the former is aggregated in solution. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2014.07.025
- Full Text: false
Improved l-cysteine electrocatalysis through a sequential drop dry technique using multi-walled carbon nanotubes and cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine conjugates
- Nyoni, Stephen, Mugadza, Tawanda, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nyoni, Stephen , Mugadza, Tawanda , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7308 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020385
- Description: Voltammetry, chronoamperometry, scanning electrochemical microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods are used for characterization of a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)–cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoTAPc) mixture or sequential drop dry modification technique whereby the MWCNTs are first placed on to the electrode followed by CoTAPc. The sequential drop dry CoTAPc–MWCNTs modified surface gave better catalytic responses with a catalytic rate constant of 2.2 × 105 M−1 s−1, apparent electron transfer rate constant of 0.073 cm s−1, and a limit of detection of 2.8 × 10−7 M. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) surface characterization (topography and reactivity) further gave proof the better catalytic perfomance of the sequential drop dry CoTAPc–MWCNTs modified surface. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.023
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Nyoni, Stephen , Mugadza, Tawanda , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7308 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020385
- Description: Voltammetry, chronoamperometry, scanning electrochemical microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods are used for characterization of a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)–cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoTAPc) mixture or sequential drop dry modification technique whereby the MWCNTs are first placed on to the electrode followed by CoTAPc. The sequential drop dry CoTAPc–MWCNTs modified surface gave better catalytic responses with a catalytic rate constant of 2.2 × 105 M−1 s−1, apparent electron transfer rate constant of 0.073 cm s−1, and a limit of detection of 2.8 × 10−7 M. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) surface characterization (topography and reactivity) further gave proof the better catalytic perfomance of the sequential drop dry CoTAPc–MWCNTs modified surface. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.023
- Full Text: false
Photocatalytic behavior of phthalocyanine-silver nanoparticle conjugates supported on polystyrene fibers
- Khoza, Phindile, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Khoza, Phindile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7317 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020561
- Description: Herein, carbazole derivatized non-peripheral (1,(4)-tetra(carbazol-2-yloxy)phthalocyaninatozinc(II), 3-TCbZnPc) and peripheral (2,(3)-tetra(carbazol-2-yloxy)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), 4-TCbZnPc) are conjugated to silver nanoparticles and their photochemical and photophysical behavior are reported. The presence of silver nanoparticles resulted in reduced fluorescence, and increased triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields. The conjugates were further electrospun into polystyrene fibers, and employed for the photodegradation of methyl orange. The photodegradation of methyl orange using all functionalized fibers followed first order kinetics, and was faster when the conjugates with silver nanoparticles were used. The non-peripherally substituted 3-TCbZnPc gave better photocatalytic activity compared to its peripherally substituted counterpart (4-TCbZnPc). The hybrid electrospun fibers provide great potential as active photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants. , Online publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2014.07.031
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Khoza, Phindile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7317 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020561
- Description: Herein, carbazole derivatized non-peripheral (1,(4)-tetra(carbazol-2-yloxy)phthalocyaninatozinc(II), 3-TCbZnPc) and peripheral (2,(3)-tetra(carbazol-2-yloxy)phthalocyaninato zinc(II), 4-TCbZnPc) are conjugated to silver nanoparticles and their photochemical and photophysical behavior are reported. The presence of silver nanoparticles resulted in reduced fluorescence, and increased triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields. The conjugates were further electrospun into polystyrene fibers, and employed for the photodegradation of methyl orange. The photodegradation of methyl orange using all functionalized fibers followed first order kinetics, and was faster when the conjugates with silver nanoparticles were used. The non-peripherally substituted 3-TCbZnPc gave better photocatalytic activity compared to its peripherally substituted counterpart (4-TCbZnPc). The hybrid electrospun fibers provide great potential as active photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants. , Online publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2014.07.031
- Full Text: false
Photophysichochemical behavior of carbazole derivatized zinc phthalocyanine in the presence of ZnO microparticles and when embedded in electrospun fibers
- Khoza, Phindile, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Khoza, Phindile , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7303 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020380
- Description: The synthesis of a zinc phthalocyanine complex tetrasubstituted with carbazole functionality at the peripheral position (complex 4) is reported. The singlet oxygen quantum yield of the complex was found to be 0.83 in dimethylformamide (DMF). The complex was subsequently conjugated to zinc oxide microparticles (ZnOMPs), the conjugation (formation of the amide bond) was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The presence of ZnOMPs was found to reduce the singlet oxygen produced (ΦΔ = 0.63) in DMF. Polystyrene electrospun fibers of complex 4 alone and its conjugate to ZnOMPs were found to be thermally stable. The singlet oxygen quantum yield of the modified electrospun fibers was determined in aqueous media with ADMA as a singlet oxygen quencher and were 0.25 and 0.20 for complex 4 and 4-ZnOMPs embedded in fibers, respectively. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.12.019
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Khoza, Phindile , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7303 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020380
- Description: The synthesis of a zinc phthalocyanine complex tetrasubstituted with carbazole functionality at the peripheral position (complex 4) is reported. The singlet oxygen quantum yield of the complex was found to be 0.83 in dimethylformamide (DMF). The complex was subsequently conjugated to zinc oxide microparticles (ZnOMPs), the conjugation (formation of the amide bond) was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The presence of ZnOMPs was found to reduce the singlet oxygen produced (ΦΔ = 0.63) in DMF. Polystyrene electrospun fibers of complex 4 alone and its conjugate to ZnOMPs were found to be thermally stable. The singlet oxygen quantum yield of the modified electrospun fibers was determined in aqueous media with ADMA as a singlet oxygen quencher and were 0.25 and 0.20 for complex 4 and 4-ZnOMPs embedded in fibers, respectively. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.12.019
- Full Text: false
Synthesis and characterization of quantum dots designed for biomedical use
- Kuzyniak, Weronika, Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Sekhosana, Kutloano, D’Souza, Sarah, Tshangana, Sesethu Charmaine, Hoffmann, Björn, Ermilov, Eugeny A., Nyokong, Tebello, Höpfner, Michael
- Authors: Kuzyniak, Weronika , Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Sekhosana, Kutloano , D’Souza, Sarah , Tshangana, Sesethu Charmaine , Hoffmann, Björn , Ermilov, Eugeny A. , Nyokong, Tebello , Höpfner, Michael
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7310 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020387
- Description: Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have become promising nanoparticles for a wide variety of biomedical applications. However, the major drawback of QDs is their potential toxicity. Here, we determined possible cytotoxic effects of a set of QDs by systematic photophysical evaluation in vitro as well as in vivo. QDs were synthesized by the hydrothermal aqueous route with sizes in the range of 2.0–3.5 nm. Cytotoxic effects of QDs were studied in the human pancreatic carcinoid cell line BON. Cadmium telluride QDs with or without zinc sulfide shell and coated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were highly cytotoxic even at nanomolar concentrations. Capping with l-glutathione (GSH) or thioglycolic acid (TGA) reduced the cytotoxicity of cadmium telluride QDs and cadmium selenide QDs. Determination of the toxicity of QDs revealed IC50 values in the micromolar range. In vivo studies showed good tolerability of CdSe QDs with ZnS shell and GSH capping. We could demonstrate that QDs with ZnS shell and GSH capping exhibit low toxicity and good tolerability in cell models and living organisms. These QDs appear to be promising candidates for biomedical applications such as drug delivery for enhanced chemotherapy or targeted delivery of light sensitive substances for photodynamic therapy. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.037
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Kuzyniak, Weronika , Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Sekhosana, Kutloano , D’Souza, Sarah , Tshangana, Sesethu Charmaine , Hoffmann, Björn , Ermilov, Eugeny A. , Nyokong, Tebello , Höpfner, Michael
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7310 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020387
- Description: Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have become promising nanoparticles for a wide variety of biomedical applications. However, the major drawback of QDs is their potential toxicity. Here, we determined possible cytotoxic effects of a set of QDs by systematic photophysical evaluation in vitro as well as in vivo. QDs were synthesized by the hydrothermal aqueous route with sizes in the range of 2.0–3.5 nm. Cytotoxic effects of QDs were studied in the human pancreatic carcinoid cell line BON. Cadmium telluride QDs with or without zinc sulfide shell and coated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were highly cytotoxic even at nanomolar concentrations. Capping with l-glutathione (GSH) or thioglycolic acid (TGA) reduced the cytotoxicity of cadmium telluride QDs and cadmium selenide QDs. Determination of the toxicity of QDs revealed IC50 values in the micromolar range. In vivo studies showed good tolerability of CdSe QDs with ZnS shell and GSH capping. We could demonstrate that QDs with ZnS shell and GSH capping exhibit low toxicity and good tolerability in cell models and living organisms. These QDs appear to be promising candidates for biomedical applications such as drug delivery for enhanced chemotherapy or targeted delivery of light sensitive substances for photodynamic therapy. , Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.037
- Full Text: false