Challenges experienced by educators of tourism and coping strategies
- Authors: Muller, Merilyn Elizabeth
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Tourism -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49964 , vital:41965
- Description: Education is imperative for the economy and for the employment of the youth, particularly given the high levels of youth unemployment in South Africa. The introduction of Tourism as a school subject is perceived as a gateway to employment opportunities for unemployed people and as a means to stimulate the economy of the country. Educators, especially in South African township schools, often teach in less favourable conditions and experience many challenges which require innovative solutions. This study contributes to an understanding of the challenges faced by educators teaching Tourism, especially educators teaching in township areas in the Nelson Mandela Bay district. Of particular importance is the coping strategies used by these educators to innovatively deal with these challenges. This purpose of the study was therefore to investigate the challenges experienced by educators that teach Tourism at township high schools in two Circuit Management Centres (CMC) in the Nelson Mandela Bay district in Port Elizabeth. A qualitative research design was followed with interviews as the empirical data collecting tool. The sample consisted of 16 educators teaching Tourism to Grade 11 and 12 learners at selected schools. The data collected was analysed qualitatively, using thematic analysis. The findings of this study revealed many challenges experienced by educators of Tourism at township schools in the Nelson Mandela Bay district. The key challenges for educators related to resources, learners, the system, teachers and infrastructure. The results revealed that the educators used a variety of coping techniques to deal with these challenges. The researcher makes recommendations to the different stakeholders in education to address these challenges, as well as make suggestions for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Muller, Merilyn Elizabeth
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Tourism -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49964 , vital:41965
- Description: Education is imperative for the economy and for the employment of the youth, particularly given the high levels of youth unemployment in South Africa. The introduction of Tourism as a school subject is perceived as a gateway to employment opportunities for unemployed people and as a means to stimulate the economy of the country. Educators, especially in South African township schools, often teach in less favourable conditions and experience many challenges which require innovative solutions. This study contributes to an understanding of the challenges faced by educators teaching Tourism, especially educators teaching in township areas in the Nelson Mandela Bay district. Of particular importance is the coping strategies used by these educators to innovatively deal with these challenges. This purpose of the study was therefore to investigate the challenges experienced by educators that teach Tourism at township high schools in two Circuit Management Centres (CMC) in the Nelson Mandela Bay district in Port Elizabeth. A qualitative research design was followed with interviews as the empirical data collecting tool. The sample consisted of 16 educators teaching Tourism to Grade 11 and 12 learners at selected schools. The data collected was analysed qualitatively, using thematic analysis. The findings of this study revealed many challenges experienced by educators of Tourism at township schools in the Nelson Mandela Bay district. The key challenges for educators related to resources, learners, the system, teachers and infrastructure. The results revealed that the educators used a variety of coping techniques to deal with these challenges. The researcher makes recommendations to the different stakeholders in education to address these challenges, as well as make suggestions for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Development finance institutions and sustainable economic development : a case of the idc South Africa
- Authors: Mare, Timothy
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48872 , vital:41166
- Description: The purpose of this research study is to assess the extent that the Industrial Development Cooperation (IDC) of South Africa a Development Finance Institution (DFI), has contributed to the sustainable economic development of South Africa. The objective is to quantify the impact that is attributed to the IDC’s activities in South Africa in terms of socio-economic development contributing to sustainable economic development. Social development is fundamentally important in contributing to the economic development of any country. The research constituted the collection and quantitative analysis of data using reports from the IDC. The social output index modelling developed by the World Bank was used to analyse the data and make conclusive arguments regarding the impact that the IDC was having on economic development. The findings indicate that the IDC significantly lends less comparatively to lower income groups thus resulting in a negative contribution in terms of social developmental goals. Further the analysis through social output index model suggests that the IDC in as far as socio-development is concerned did not contributing positively to sustainable economic development between 2014 and 2018 reporting periods. The following recommendations are suggested: Increase awareness about the real impact of each investment across the IDC group, this will ensure that all proposals for investment are assessed with a component focusing on a socio-developmental perspective; reduce the number of mandates that the IDC currently has and establish broader frameworks for DFIs regardless of which government is in power or control.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mare, Timothy
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48872 , vital:41166
- Description: The purpose of this research study is to assess the extent that the Industrial Development Cooperation (IDC) of South Africa a Development Finance Institution (DFI), has contributed to the sustainable economic development of South Africa. The objective is to quantify the impact that is attributed to the IDC’s activities in South Africa in terms of socio-economic development contributing to sustainable economic development. Social development is fundamentally important in contributing to the economic development of any country. The research constituted the collection and quantitative analysis of data using reports from the IDC. The social output index modelling developed by the World Bank was used to analyse the data and make conclusive arguments regarding the impact that the IDC was having on economic development. The findings indicate that the IDC significantly lends less comparatively to lower income groups thus resulting in a negative contribution in terms of social developmental goals. Further the analysis through social output index model suggests that the IDC in as far as socio-development is concerned did not contributing positively to sustainable economic development between 2014 and 2018 reporting periods. The following recommendations are suggested: Increase awareness about the real impact of each investment across the IDC group, this will ensure that all proposals for investment are assessed with a component focusing on a socio-developmental perspective; reduce the number of mandates that the IDC currently has and establish broader frameworks for DFIs regardless of which government is in power or control.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Foreign aid : in Africa and the middle east
- Authors: Mabaso, Sizakele Miki
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Economic assistance -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48742 , vital:41067
- Description: The aim of this dissertation is to study the nature of Foreign aid in African and Middle Eastern countries. Examining what Foreign aid is, how it is identified and defined, what causes the need for Foreign aid and how Foreign aid affects the population in Africa and The Middle East? The ongoing debate between developed and developing countries about the state African and Middle Eastern countries are in makes the need for this study timely. This research was based on an analysis of relevant literature that reviews Foreign aid from the perspective of both donor and recipient. The findings underline the behaviour of Foreign aid in Africa and the Middle East as determined by numerous variables. For example, health and education play a big role when evaluating Foreign aid in African and Middle Eastern countries. The notable conclusion from this research is that Foreign aid is a huge challenge for both developed and developing countries. In various African and Middle Eastern countries, Foreign aid has stimulated economic growth as much as it has undermined development in many economic aspects. For instance, the issues of health and epidemics such as the Ebola Virus that continue to take the lives of many in Africa and HIV/ AIDS that continues to take the lives of our youth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mabaso, Sizakele Miki
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Economic assistance -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48742 , vital:41067
- Description: The aim of this dissertation is to study the nature of Foreign aid in African and Middle Eastern countries. Examining what Foreign aid is, how it is identified and defined, what causes the need for Foreign aid and how Foreign aid affects the population in Africa and The Middle East? The ongoing debate between developed and developing countries about the state African and Middle Eastern countries are in makes the need for this study timely. This research was based on an analysis of relevant literature that reviews Foreign aid from the perspective of both donor and recipient. The findings underline the behaviour of Foreign aid in Africa and the Middle East as determined by numerous variables. For example, health and education play a big role when evaluating Foreign aid in African and Middle Eastern countries. The notable conclusion from this research is that Foreign aid is a huge challenge for both developed and developing countries. In various African and Middle Eastern countries, Foreign aid has stimulated economic growth as much as it has undermined development in many economic aspects. For instance, the issues of health and epidemics such as the Ebola Virus that continue to take the lives of many in Africa and HIV/ AIDS that continues to take the lives of our youth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Influence of the jobs fund on the unemployment rate in South Africa
- Authors: Banzana, Lubabalo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Unemployment--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47508 , vital:40119
- Description: Since the dawn of its democracy, South Africa has experienced multiple changes in its key economic policy. These changes were meant to address the poverty, inequality, and unemployment in the country. The post-1994 years have seen economic policies change from the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) in 1994 to the Growth, Employment and Redistribution framework (GEAR) in 1996. Then came the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa (AsgiSA) in 2006 and, most recently, the New Growth Path (NGP) and the National Development Plan (NDP) in 2010 and 2013, respectively (Chibba and Luiz, 2011). Despite numerous efforts made to change economic policy throughout the years, South Africa is still faced with the challenge of a high unemployment rate. To manage this issue, the South African government has introduced several interventions, such as the creation of a Jobs Fund in 2011, which meant that an initial investment amount of R9 billion was contributed by the government towards the attainment of its objectives. The research methodology used in this study was quantitative and, more specifically, based on the descriptive method of research.The primary objective of the research was to investigate the influence and effectiveness of the Jobs Fund through its job creation and skills development initiatives that were mechanisms to reduce the unemployment rate. The research aimed to assess the success of the Fund thus far in providing funding towards sustainable job creation and long-term employment. In addition, the study analysed the Fund’s influence in reducing in unemployment. In answering the primary objective of the research, it was not entirely possible to measure the influence of the Jobs Fund on the unemployment rate in South Africa, as other key factors need to be taken into consideration when making such an assessment. This is highlighted by the fact that, even though close to R7 billion has already gradually been committed to job creation activities by the government since 2011, the unemployment rate has continued to grow. Therefore, a study of the influence of the Jobs Fund on the unemployment rate would need take into consideration other key factors that influence unemployment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Banzana, Lubabalo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Unemployment--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47508 , vital:40119
- Description: Since the dawn of its democracy, South Africa has experienced multiple changes in its key economic policy. These changes were meant to address the poverty, inequality, and unemployment in the country. The post-1994 years have seen economic policies change from the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) in 1994 to the Growth, Employment and Redistribution framework (GEAR) in 1996. Then came the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa (AsgiSA) in 2006 and, most recently, the New Growth Path (NGP) and the National Development Plan (NDP) in 2010 and 2013, respectively (Chibba and Luiz, 2011). Despite numerous efforts made to change economic policy throughout the years, South Africa is still faced with the challenge of a high unemployment rate. To manage this issue, the South African government has introduced several interventions, such as the creation of a Jobs Fund in 2011, which meant that an initial investment amount of R9 billion was contributed by the government towards the attainment of its objectives. The research methodology used in this study was quantitative and, more specifically, based on the descriptive method of research.The primary objective of the research was to investigate the influence and effectiveness of the Jobs Fund through its job creation and skills development initiatives that were mechanisms to reduce the unemployment rate. The research aimed to assess the success of the Fund thus far in providing funding towards sustainable job creation and long-term employment. In addition, the study analysed the Fund’s influence in reducing in unemployment. In answering the primary objective of the research, it was not entirely possible to measure the influence of the Jobs Fund on the unemployment rate in South Africa, as other key factors need to be taken into consideration when making such an assessment. This is highlighted by the fact that, even though close to R7 billion has already gradually been committed to job creation activities by the government since 2011, the unemployment rate has continued to grow. Therefore, a study of the influence of the Jobs Fund on the unemployment rate would need take into consideration other key factors that influence unemployment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The effects of directed financing on growth and performance of smallholder farmers in the Western Cape Province
- Authors: Deliwe, Peliwe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Western Cape -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47705 , vital:40328
- Description: Agriculture is of great significance in the South African economy as it contributes over 3% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and accounting for more than 10% of the formal sector employment. Although agriculture is seasonal, it is regarded as an intensive employment sector which plays a critical role on promoting empowerment and improving food security. The smallholder farming sector is the result of policies targeting the participation of previously disadvantaged individual (PDI’s) in the food economy, particularly through land use and ownership (Isdardi, Jordaan & van Schalkwyk, 2008: 1). Smallholder farmers are neither commercial farmers nor subsistence in nature but have become the focus of government’s efforts to achieve transformation within the broad agricultural sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Deliwe, Peliwe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Western Cape -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47705 , vital:40328
- Description: Agriculture is of great significance in the South African economy as it contributes over 3% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and accounting for more than 10% of the formal sector employment. Although agriculture is seasonal, it is regarded as an intensive employment sector which plays a critical role on promoting empowerment and improving food security. The smallholder farming sector is the result of policies targeting the participation of previously disadvantaged individual (PDI’s) in the food economy, particularly through land use and ownership (Isdardi, Jordaan & van Schalkwyk, 2008: 1). Smallholder farmers are neither commercial farmers nor subsistence in nature but have become the focus of government’s efforts to achieve transformation within the broad agricultural sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption in South Africa
- Authors: Mabinya, Buyiswa Yoliswa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Energy consumption -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48753 , vital:41068
- Description: In recent years, the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth has been examined extensively in numerous countries. While there is high consensus in the scientific sphere on the interdependence between electricity consumption and economic growth, recent literature suggests that there are still competing views on the causal relationship between the two variables. Energy has long been viewed as a vital driving force for economies. However, the crucial role that the energy sector has played during the industrial revolution allowed some authors to consider energy in the same way as the capital and labor factors in the production function. The energy factor is considered essential today in the process of development. Almost everyone agrees on the importance of its contribution to the process of growth and development by considering growth / energy model as an indicator of wealth and a vector to reduce social inequalities. Meanwhile, according to the different scenarios observed, energy consumption may or may not have impacts on economic growth or wealth creation. The problem of access to energy (electricity) in certain regions in Africa (and particularly in South Africa) remains one of the major challenges that require urgent attention over the coming decades. In addition, the lack of consensus among researchers has triggered a shift towards focusing on study methods and techniques used for investigations on the energy-growth nexus. Using R programming for data analysis, this study investigates the asymmetric relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in South Africa by incorporating the following intermediary variables: trade openness, capital and labour. Results suggest that a conservation hypothesis is the most prevailing theory on the causal link between GDP and Energy Consumption in South Africa. This opinion is acknowledged as the growth-led electricity consumption opinion. From an economic perspective, evidence from the research suggests that, without necessarily expanding energy accessibility, trade liberalisation and capital could generate clear gains to South Africa and efforts to promote and accelerate these initiatives should be encouraged. Given the often-competing resource limitation challenges faced by the South African government, as a result of prioritisation, trade liberalisation should be favoured and be given roughly in the range of 1.5 times more attention than capital. Therefore, South Africa may not necessarily need electricity for its economic growth. Although energy consumption has a major influence on economic growth, the latter could also possibly be achieved by increasing trade and/or capital, without any change in energy consumption. Energy conservation policies could be executed with little or no hostile effects on economic growth. As a policy intervention, the research study recommends sustained efforts to strengthen regional integration with the view to achieving trade liberalisation, increasing capital formation and creating greater synergy for economic growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mabinya, Buyiswa Yoliswa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Energy consumption -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48753 , vital:41068
- Description: In recent years, the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth has been examined extensively in numerous countries. While there is high consensus in the scientific sphere on the interdependence between electricity consumption and economic growth, recent literature suggests that there are still competing views on the causal relationship between the two variables. Energy has long been viewed as a vital driving force for economies. However, the crucial role that the energy sector has played during the industrial revolution allowed some authors to consider energy in the same way as the capital and labor factors in the production function. The energy factor is considered essential today in the process of development. Almost everyone agrees on the importance of its contribution to the process of growth and development by considering growth / energy model as an indicator of wealth and a vector to reduce social inequalities. Meanwhile, according to the different scenarios observed, energy consumption may or may not have impacts on economic growth or wealth creation. The problem of access to energy (electricity) in certain regions in Africa (and particularly in South Africa) remains one of the major challenges that require urgent attention over the coming decades. In addition, the lack of consensus among researchers has triggered a shift towards focusing on study methods and techniques used for investigations on the energy-growth nexus. Using R programming for data analysis, this study investigates the asymmetric relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in South Africa by incorporating the following intermediary variables: trade openness, capital and labour. Results suggest that a conservation hypothesis is the most prevailing theory on the causal link between GDP and Energy Consumption in South Africa. This opinion is acknowledged as the growth-led electricity consumption opinion. From an economic perspective, evidence from the research suggests that, without necessarily expanding energy accessibility, trade liberalisation and capital could generate clear gains to South Africa and efforts to promote and accelerate these initiatives should be encouraged. Given the often-competing resource limitation challenges faced by the South African government, as a result of prioritisation, trade liberalisation should be favoured and be given roughly in the range of 1.5 times more attention than capital. Therefore, South Africa may not necessarily need electricity for its economic growth. Although energy consumption has a major influence on economic growth, the latter could also possibly be achieved by increasing trade and/or capital, without any change in energy consumption. Energy conservation policies could be executed with little or no hostile effects on economic growth. As a policy intervention, the research study recommends sustained efforts to strengthen regional integration with the view to achieving trade liberalisation, increasing capital formation and creating greater synergy for economic growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
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