The effects of the stock and bond market on economic growth in South Africa (2003-2017)
- Authors: Faiers, Jarryd Brad
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Capital market -- South Africa , Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48102 , vital:40486
- Description: Using quarterly data from 2003:Q3 to 2017:Q1, this study investigates the effect of the stock and bond markets on economic growth in South Africa. The variables used in the study pertain to South Africa and include the JSE All-Share Index, real effective exchange rate, bond market growth, investment expenditure, inflation rate, government expenditure and gross domestic product. The empirical study is guided by an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model approach which includes unit root tests for stationarity, bounds tests for cointegration and causality tests using the long run and short run error correction models. Diagnostic tests and stability tests are performed on the various econometric models. Tests include the Jarque-Bera test, Ramsey Reset Test, Whites test, CUSUM and CUSUM square test. The findings suggest that the stock market growth and bond market growth have displayed significantly different results with regards to their effects on economic growth. Stock market growth has had a positive impact on economic growth in the long run, whilst growth and development in the bond market does not have a statistically significant relationship with economic growth in the long run. The study provides a solid foundation for establishing the effects of the stock and bond market on economic growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Faiers, Jarryd Brad
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Capital market -- South Africa , Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48102 , vital:40486
- Description: Using quarterly data from 2003:Q3 to 2017:Q1, this study investigates the effect of the stock and bond markets on economic growth in South Africa. The variables used in the study pertain to South Africa and include the JSE All-Share Index, real effective exchange rate, bond market growth, investment expenditure, inflation rate, government expenditure and gross domestic product. The empirical study is guided by an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model approach which includes unit root tests for stationarity, bounds tests for cointegration and causality tests using the long run and short run error correction models. Diagnostic tests and stability tests are performed on the various econometric models. Tests include the Jarque-Bera test, Ramsey Reset Test, Whites test, CUSUM and CUSUM square test. The findings suggest that the stock market growth and bond market growth have displayed significantly different results with regards to their effects on economic growth. Stock market growth has had a positive impact on economic growth in the long run, whilst growth and development in the bond market does not have a statistically significant relationship with economic growth in the long run. The study provides a solid foundation for establishing the effects of the stock and bond market on economic growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The impact of job satisfaction, motivation and job stress on employees’ innovative behaviour
- Authors: Moeng, Mpho Solomon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Job satisfaction Attitude (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49714 , vital:41774
- Description: In the fast-paced world of today, innovation is more relevant now than at any other time in our history. The dynamic nature of today’s business landscape presents complex challenges to organisations at macro and micro environment levels. To survive these challenging times, innovation has been identified to play a vital part in finding and developing opportunities for growth and sustaining a competitive edge. It is with no surprise that researchers have long sought to find the root drivers of great innovation. The consensus is that employees are the engine behind innovation and that innovation within an organisation is a direct result of employees engaging in innovative behaviour. Organisations that fail to tap into the creative potential of their employees lose out on benefits and advantages of being innovative organisations. There are various factors that influence employees’ engagement in innovative behaviour, and research into the topic has considered the influence of different factors such as: individual traits, natural inclinations to innovation, motivation, emotions, organisational culture, job requirements, leadership, and social relations. The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the influence and significance of job satisfaction, perceived colleague support, perceived leadership support, perceived organisational support and job stress on employees’ engagement in innovative behaviour. Based on a review of current literature, the study investigated hypothesised direct and indirect relationships that exist between these factors and that can be used to improve the levels of employees’ engagement in innovation behaviour in Eskom distribution in the Eastern Cape operating unit. The study used on-line questionnaires to survey Eskom Distribution ECOU employees. 141 employees participated in the survey. Majority of the respondents were males and were from Specialised Maintenance and Support department. A large number of the respondents are university and Technikon graduates with half a decade or more in years of service to Eskom. The results of the survey show that there is a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction, colleague support, leadership support organisational support and innovative behavior. From this finding the researcher recommended that management that improves the levels of employee engagement in innovative behaviour by focusing on issues pertaining to job satisfaction, colleague support, leadership support and organisational support.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Moeng, Mpho Solomon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Job satisfaction Attitude (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49714 , vital:41774
- Description: In the fast-paced world of today, innovation is more relevant now than at any other time in our history. The dynamic nature of today’s business landscape presents complex challenges to organisations at macro and micro environment levels. To survive these challenging times, innovation has been identified to play a vital part in finding and developing opportunities for growth and sustaining a competitive edge. It is with no surprise that researchers have long sought to find the root drivers of great innovation. The consensus is that employees are the engine behind innovation and that innovation within an organisation is a direct result of employees engaging in innovative behaviour. Organisations that fail to tap into the creative potential of their employees lose out on benefits and advantages of being innovative organisations. There are various factors that influence employees’ engagement in innovative behaviour, and research into the topic has considered the influence of different factors such as: individual traits, natural inclinations to innovation, motivation, emotions, organisational culture, job requirements, leadership, and social relations. The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the influence and significance of job satisfaction, perceived colleague support, perceived leadership support, perceived organisational support and job stress on employees’ engagement in innovative behaviour. Based on a review of current literature, the study investigated hypothesised direct and indirect relationships that exist between these factors and that can be used to improve the levels of employees’ engagement in innovation behaviour in Eskom distribution in the Eastern Cape operating unit. The study used on-line questionnaires to survey Eskom Distribution ECOU employees. 141 employees participated in the survey. Majority of the respondents were males and were from Specialised Maintenance and Support department. A large number of the respondents are university and Technikon graduates with half a decade or more in years of service to Eskom. The results of the survey show that there is a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction, colleague support, leadership support organisational support and innovative behavior. From this finding the researcher recommended that management that improves the levels of employee engagement in innovative behaviour by focusing on issues pertaining to job satisfaction, colleague support, leadership support and organisational support.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The impact of mergers and acquisitions on employee well-being in the beverage industry: The CCBSA coastal region case
- Authors: Belle, Isabel
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Employees health promotion -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Beverage industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49751 , vital:41796
- Description: Globalisation, technological advancement and currency regulations are key motivators for companies to invest in foreign countries. As new entrants enter the market companies are faced with the threat of market share loss due to increased competition. The increase in the global competitive landscape has a direct impact on the rise of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). The growth potential of companies that experienced mergers has resulted in the boom of M&A over the past three decades. In most cases M&A have resulted in job losses and in some demotions. It is no surprise that these transactions result in an anxious and stressed workforce. The merger of the three soft drink bottlers in South Africa namely: CCF, Shanduka and ABI has brought about changes that have left some employees feeling anxious about the future. The combining of different cultures from the different entities can have a negative effect on employees as they would need to adapt to a different culture of the new formed entity. M&A were first introduced in the United States during the eighteenth century and moved into Europe in the nineteenth century. A large body of research has been concentrated in the United States and European markets to understand phenomena relating to such activities in developed countries. M&A activities have also transcended into developing countries. Over the past few years M&A transactions have become a critical gateway for investment in Africa for both local and universal market players. The aim of the study is to understand the employees’ state of mind in the workplace after the merger. The results of the study show that employee morale prior to the merger was higher when compared to post the merger, which implies that employee morale has declined post the merger. The results indicate that after the merger there was a significant decrease in trust, motivation, employee well-being and job satisfaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Belle, Isabel
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Employees health promotion -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Beverage industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49751 , vital:41796
- Description: Globalisation, technological advancement and currency regulations are key motivators for companies to invest in foreign countries. As new entrants enter the market companies are faced with the threat of market share loss due to increased competition. The increase in the global competitive landscape has a direct impact on the rise of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). The growth potential of companies that experienced mergers has resulted in the boom of M&A over the past three decades. In most cases M&A have resulted in job losses and in some demotions. It is no surprise that these transactions result in an anxious and stressed workforce. The merger of the three soft drink bottlers in South Africa namely: CCF, Shanduka and ABI has brought about changes that have left some employees feeling anxious about the future. The combining of different cultures from the different entities can have a negative effect on employees as they would need to adapt to a different culture of the new formed entity. M&A were first introduced in the United States during the eighteenth century and moved into Europe in the nineteenth century. A large body of research has been concentrated in the United States and European markets to understand phenomena relating to such activities in developed countries. M&A activities have also transcended into developing countries. Over the past few years M&A transactions have become a critical gateway for investment in Africa for both local and universal market players. The aim of the study is to understand the employees’ state of mind in the workplace after the merger. The results of the study show that employee morale prior to the merger was higher when compared to post the merger, which implies that employee morale has declined post the merger. The results indicate that after the merger there was a significant decrease in trust, motivation, employee well-being and job satisfaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The incorporation of smart production in future factories within the fourth industrial revolution towards 2030
- Authors: Abdoll, Delicia Megan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Manufacturing industry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47521 , vital:40123
- Description: Industry 4.0 is impressively creating a lasting impact on the manufacturing industry and on the industry outlook on the benefits of the implementation of new technology. The concept currently trending entails merging cyber systems, the Internet of Things, and the Internet of Systems all together to construct the revolutionary ‘Smart Factories’. The use of advanced technologies brings about new methodologies to improve the results of manufacturing. Complex activities will be performed by machines equipped in using intelligent information systems and new technology to improve productivity, enhance quality, and reduce costs of manufacturing products. South Africa is at the height of the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (4IR) which will essentially change the way we work. This innovative rubric of high-tech modernisation is characterised by a merging of technologies from the physical, digital, biological, and neuro-technological spheres. The hesitation over jobs being substituted with co-bots, a robot envisioned to actually cooperate with humans in a communal workplace, is profound. Skills volatility is estimated to affect all industries. There are uncertainties that the underprivileged and non-skilled would be thrust into an even profounder deficiency with the upsurge of the digital age. Organisations regard robotics and modern technology as strategic corporate tools that are utilised to enhance short- and long-term profitability and achieve operating goals. In dissimilarity, the application of robotics and modern technology in the place of work increases labour stability concerns, anxiety of downsizings and terminations within the workforce. The purpose of this research was to heighten the comprehension of smart factories in the manufacturing industry by conclusively embracing a methodical examination of the factors which influence the outlook of those involved concerning smart factory implementation and also of assessing the readiness of the South African manufacturing industry for 4IR towards 2030. The ‘golden thread’ running through the study is the significance of the impact of the 4IR on the workforce and the creation of new jobs for the future, the reskilling of the workforce and the enhancement of capabilities of future factories in embracing the implementation and the incorporation of advanced manufacturing principles in production processes. This must form a substantial consideration in the preparation of the vision of the “Incorporation of smart production in future factories within the fourth industrial revolution towards 2030”. The results of the in-depth analysis of future studies practice and theory in this research study give credibility to the argument that the way in which planning for the future of the 4IR in the South African context is taking place requires insightful adaptation by all stakeholders. The development of new insights through the application of futures studies is vital to this planning process, as is progressively demonstrated in the propensity for present-day business to enable collaborative decisions and strategies that are established on, and informed by, futures studies. This research has attempted to gain insight into the possible future of the implementation of 4IR elements within the future manufacturing factories in South Africa through the creation of four scenarios towards 2030. These are defined as follows: The Fifth Element, which is the ‘best case’ scenario, and to which the country aspires; the ‘worst case’ scenario, in which everything goes badly; the outlier future founded on a surprising, disruptive, emerging matter; and ‘business as usual’ in which no change takes place. The research additionally made efforts to determine the preferred future for the 4IR from a South African perspective, as a base for the Future Vision of the 4IR in the South African manufacturing industry towards 2030. Throughout this study, Inayatullah’s (2008) pillars of futures studies were implemented as a guide in mapping the present and future, further deepening and widening the future through the development of scenarios and, lastly, by transforming the future by narrowing it down to the preferred future. The South African manufacturing sector must select which path to follow in the decisions surrounding the acceptance of the 4IR as the country progresses towards aligning itself with the global players in technology acceptance. Through a unique and innovative approach, the establishment of an atmosphere of trust and the sharing of purpose, values and benefits, a collective Future Vision of the implementing of 4IR elements such as smart production in future factories within South Africa towards 2030, is achievable. All stakeholders must be committed to operating in collaborative partnerships, with government, society, local communities and the workforce all treading boldly together into a sphere of technological, commercial, environmental and social innovation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Abdoll, Delicia Megan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Manufacturing industry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47521 , vital:40123
- Description: Industry 4.0 is impressively creating a lasting impact on the manufacturing industry and on the industry outlook on the benefits of the implementation of new technology. The concept currently trending entails merging cyber systems, the Internet of Things, and the Internet of Systems all together to construct the revolutionary ‘Smart Factories’. The use of advanced technologies brings about new methodologies to improve the results of manufacturing. Complex activities will be performed by machines equipped in using intelligent information systems and new technology to improve productivity, enhance quality, and reduce costs of manufacturing products. South Africa is at the height of the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (4IR) which will essentially change the way we work. This innovative rubric of high-tech modernisation is characterised by a merging of technologies from the physical, digital, biological, and neuro-technological spheres. The hesitation over jobs being substituted with co-bots, a robot envisioned to actually cooperate with humans in a communal workplace, is profound. Skills volatility is estimated to affect all industries. There are uncertainties that the underprivileged and non-skilled would be thrust into an even profounder deficiency with the upsurge of the digital age. Organisations regard robotics and modern technology as strategic corporate tools that are utilised to enhance short- and long-term profitability and achieve operating goals. In dissimilarity, the application of robotics and modern technology in the place of work increases labour stability concerns, anxiety of downsizings and terminations within the workforce. The purpose of this research was to heighten the comprehension of smart factories in the manufacturing industry by conclusively embracing a methodical examination of the factors which influence the outlook of those involved concerning smart factory implementation and also of assessing the readiness of the South African manufacturing industry for 4IR towards 2030. The ‘golden thread’ running through the study is the significance of the impact of the 4IR on the workforce and the creation of new jobs for the future, the reskilling of the workforce and the enhancement of capabilities of future factories in embracing the implementation and the incorporation of advanced manufacturing principles in production processes. This must form a substantial consideration in the preparation of the vision of the “Incorporation of smart production in future factories within the fourth industrial revolution towards 2030”. The results of the in-depth analysis of future studies practice and theory in this research study give credibility to the argument that the way in which planning for the future of the 4IR in the South African context is taking place requires insightful adaptation by all stakeholders. The development of new insights through the application of futures studies is vital to this planning process, as is progressively demonstrated in the propensity for present-day business to enable collaborative decisions and strategies that are established on, and informed by, futures studies. This research has attempted to gain insight into the possible future of the implementation of 4IR elements within the future manufacturing factories in South Africa through the creation of four scenarios towards 2030. These are defined as follows: The Fifth Element, which is the ‘best case’ scenario, and to which the country aspires; the ‘worst case’ scenario, in which everything goes badly; the outlier future founded on a surprising, disruptive, emerging matter; and ‘business as usual’ in which no change takes place. The research additionally made efforts to determine the preferred future for the 4IR from a South African perspective, as a base for the Future Vision of the 4IR in the South African manufacturing industry towards 2030. Throughout this study, Inayatullah’s (2008) pillars of futures studies were implemented as a guide in mapping the present and future, further deepening and widening the future through the development of scenarios and, lastly, by transforming the future by narrowing it down to the preferred future. The South African manufacturing sector must select which path to follow in the decisions surrounding the acceptance of the 4IR as the country progresses towards aligning itself with the global players in technology acceptance. Through a unique and innovative approach, the establishment of an atmosphere of trust and the sharing of purpose, values and benefits, a collective Future Vision of the implementing of 4IR elements such as smart production in future factories within South Africa towards 2030, is achievable. All stakeholders must be committed to operating in collaborative partnerships, with government, society, local communities and the workforce all treading boldly together into a sphere of technological, commercial, environmental and social innovation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The influence of academic interventions on the academic performance of human resource management students
- Authors: Hiles, Tevin
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Academic performance -- South Africa , Educational psychology Learning, Psychology of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50568 , vital:42222
- Description: There are many contextual challenges related to this problem. Some of these include the mass of diverse students entering tertiary institutions and the level of educational preparedness of these students. Moreover, the lasting legacy of Apartheid brings its own challenges in relation to widening access for students entering South African higher education institutions. There are considerable repercussions related to the costs of re-educating students and re-admitting failing students into continuously growing classes. Furthermore, there is a protruding argument that the level of student readiness/preparedness is continually declining. The above-mentioned challenges place extreme pressure on higher education institutions and their staff to provide academic support to students, along with maintaining adequate pass rates. Reflecting on the challenges faced in the South African higher educational context, it is evident that the development and implementation of academic support programmes are important. These programmes are aimed at providing quality learning and teaching and counteracting declining success rates. In addition, there is a need to transform how massification of higher education takes place, to address the challenges of diverse student profiles, dropout rates and low throughput rates. This study explored the impact of academic support interventions on academic performance by focusing on student engagement as it is the leading factor of academic success. For the purpose of this study, this was measured through the attendance of academic interventions. Student engagement may be defined as the time and energy learners dedicate to educational activities both inside and outside of the classroom, along with the policies and practices institutions use to persuade students to partake in these activities. The findings revealed that academic interventions indeed have a positive influence on student behaviour and student academic progress. The results of this study could assist the department of HRM in determining the effectiveness of academic interventions created for first year students.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Hiles, Tevin
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Academic performance -- South Africa , Educational psychology Learning, Psychology of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50568 , vital:42222
- Description: There are many contextual challenges related to this problem. Some of these include the mass of diverse students entering tertiary institutions and the level of educational preparedness of these students. Moreover, the lasting legacy of Apartheid brings its own challenges in relation to widening access for students entering South African higher education institutions. There are considerable repercussions related to the costs of re-educating students and re-admitting failing students into continuously growing classes. Furthermore, there is a protruding argument that the level of student readiness/preparedness is continually declining. The above-mentioned challenges place extreme pressure on higher education institutions and their staff to provide academic support to students, along with maintaining adequate pass rates. Reflecting on the challenges faced in the South African higher educational context, it is evident that the development and implementation of academic support programmes are important. These programmes are aimed at providing quality learning and teaching and counteracting declining success rates. In addition, there is a need to transform how massification of higher education takes place, to address the challenges of diverse student profiles, dropout rates and low throughput rates. This study explored the impact of academic support interventions on academic performance by focusing on student engagement as it is the leading factor of academic success. For the purpose of this study, this was measured through the attendance of academic interventions. Student engagement may be defined as the time and energy learners dedicate to educational activities both inside and outside of the classroom, along with the policies and practices institutions use to persuade students to partake in these activities. The findings revealed that academic interventions indeed have a positive influence on student behaviour and student academic progress. The results of this study could assist the department of HRM in determining the effectiveness of academic interventions created for first year students.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The influence of academic interventions on the academic performance of human resource management students
- Authors: Hiles, Tevin
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Academic achievement -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49846 , vital:41808
- Description: There are many contextual challenges related to this problem. Some of these include the mass of diverse students entering tertiary institutions and the level of educational preparedness of these students. Moreover, the lasting legacy of Apartheid brings its own challenges in relation to widening access for students entering South African higher education institutions. There are considerable repercussions related to the costs of re-educating students and re-admitting failing students into continuously growing classes. Furthermore, there is a protruding argument that the level of student readiness/preparedness is continually declining. The above-mentioned challenges place extreme pressure on higher education institutions and their staff to provide academic support to students, along with maintaining adequate pass rates. Reflecting on the challenges faced in the South African higher educational context, it is evident that the development and implementation of academic support programmes are important. These programmes are aimed at providing quality learning and teaching and counteracting declining success rates. In addition, there is a need to transform how massification of higher education takes place, to address the challenges of diverse student profiles, dropout rates and low throughput rates. This study explored the impact of academic support interventions on academic performance by focusing on student engagement as it is the leading factor of academic success. For the purpose of this study, this was measured through the attendance of academic interventions. Student engagement may be defined as the time and energy learners dedicate to educational activities both inside and outside of the classroom, along with the policies and practices institutions use to persuade students to partake in these activities. The findings revealed that academic interventions indeed have a positive influence on student behaviour and student academic progress. The results of this study could assist the department of HRM in determining the effectiveness of academic interventions created for first year students.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Hiles, Tevin
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Academic achievement -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49846 , vital:41808
- Description: There are many contextual challenges related to this problem. Some of these include the mass of diverse students entering tertiary institutions and the level of educational preparedness of these students. Moreover, the lasting legacy of Apartheid brings its own challenges in relation to widening access for students entering South African higher education institutions. There are considerable repercussions related to the costs of re-educating students and re-admitting failing students into continuously growing classes. Furthermore, there is a protruding argument that the level of student readiness/preparedness is continually declining. The above-mentioned challenges place extreme pressure on higher education institutions and their staff to provide academic support to students, along with maintaining adequate pass rates. Reflecting on the challenges faced in the South African higher educational context, it is evident that the development and implementation of academic support programmes are important. These programmes are aimed at providing quality learning and teaching and counteracting declining success rates. In addition, there is a need to transform how massification of higher education takes place, to address the challenges of diverse student profiles, dropout rates and low throughput rates. This study explored the impact of academic support interventions on academic performance by focusing on student engagement as it is the leading factor of academic success. For the purpose of this study, this was measured through the attendance of academic interventions. Student engagement may be defined as the time and energy learners dedicate to educational activities both inside and outside of the classroom, along with the policies and practices institutions use to persuade students to partake in these activities. The findings revealed that academic interventions indeed have a positive influence on student behaviour and student academic progress. The results of this study could assist the department of HRM in determining the effectiveness of academic interventions created for first year students.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The influence of online service quality on future purchasing intent
- Authors: Gelderbloem, Kirsten
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electronic commerce -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48114 , vital:40490
- Description: The rapid advancements in technology has seen a growing shift in retail industry trends, with many retailers establishing online shopping platforms. Though online shopping was initially more popular in other parts of the world, it is fast becoming more popular in South Africa. Many South Africans are now starting to feel more comfortable with the experience, convenience and benefits of online shopping and thus it is important for researchers and experts to gain a better understanding of customers’ experiences in this regard. Furthermore, customer service and quality of service in the online shopping space tends to be relatively different to customer service and quality experienced at a traditional retail store. Therefore, understanding customer service and quality of service within the online retail space is also a critical area to be researched. The aim of this study is thus is to assist retailers and managers to better understand customer service quality of online shopping platforms and how these online shopping platforms perform in terms of its reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy, and responsiveness dimensions of service quality. An empirical study, consisting of a questionnaire was conducted amongst 88 South African males and females from the various generational cohorts who utilise online shopping platforms. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the service quality experiences of customers who make use of online shopping platforms. The key findings indicated that reliability, tangibility and empathy are the key determinants affecting a customer’s intention to purchase from an online shopping platform. Furthermore, recommendations were made to retailers and managers to consistently focus on remaining reliable in terms of delivering goods as promised; accepting returns and offering refunds, as well as maintaining accurate client and product information; consistently striving towards providing exceptional tangible experiences, such as maintaining a visually appealing website that is easy to navigate, safe and secure to conduct transactions and, to always ensure that customer service agents show empathy towards to their customers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Gelderbloem, Kirsten
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electronic commerce -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48114 , vital:40490
- Description: The rapid advancements in technology has seen a growing shift in retail industry trends, with many retailers establishing online shopping platforms. Though online shopping was initially more popular in other parts of the world, it is fast becoming more popular in South Africa. Many South Africans are now starting to feel more comfortable with the experience, convenience and benefits of online shopping and thus it is important for researchers and experts to gain a better understanding of customers’ experiences in this regard. Furthermore, customer service and quality of service in the online shopping space tends to be relatively different to customer service and quality experienced at a traditional retail store. Therefore, understanding customer service and quality of service within the online retail space is also a critical area to be researched. The aim of this study is thus is to assist retailers and managers to better understand customer service quality of online shopping platforms and how these online shopping platforms perform in terms of its reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy, and responsiveness dimensions of service quality. An empirical study, consisting of a questionnaire was conducted amongst 88 South African males and females from the various generational cohorts who utilise online shopping platforms. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the service quality experiences of customers who make use of online shopping platforms. The key findings indicated that reliability, tangibility and empathy are the key determinants affecting a customer’s intention to purchase from an online shopping platform. Furthermore, recommendations were made to retailers and managers to consistently focus on remaining reliable in terms of delivering goods as promised; accepting returns and offering refunds, as well as maintaining accurate client and product information; consistently striving towards providing exceptional tangible experiences, such as maintaining a visually appealing website that is easy to navigate, safe and secure to conduct transactions and, to always ensure that customer service agents show empathy towards to their customers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The influence of perceived ethical leadership on employee engagement
- Authors: Wewers, Carryn Lauren
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , Employee Engagement
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50687 , vital:42335
- Description: Many of today’s news headlines are fraught with alarming accounts of fraud and Corruption conducted by business leaders and this study was undertaken to investigate the influence of perceived ethical leadership on employee engagement. The question has arisen whether these unethical actions among business leaders impact the perceptions of employees and whether this affects their engagement with the organisation. There has been an increase in studies on employee engagement, due to the significant positive impact that it has on an organisation and the beneficial outcomes that engaged employees produce. In this study, the research design followed a positivist approach. The research participants consisted of middle managers in the public or private sectors in South Africa. Sampling was done using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Secondary data was collected using research data from the Nelson Mandela University Library and its online database. Primary research data was collected using self-administered, standardised questionnaires making use of a 5-point Likert scale. Data was interpreted by means of inferential statistics and biographical information. Every precaution was taken to ensure the reliability, validity and trustworthiness of the study. Ethical approval was obtained for the study from the Nelson Mandela University Research Ethics Committee as per the protocols that were in place at the time of the data collection. This study is significant in terms of the upsurge in unethical conduct in the business arena. The primary objective of this research was to determine the influence of perceived ethical leadership (Perceived Leader Integrity) on employee engagement (the factors which constitute engagement are job commitment, job satisfaction and future intentions.). In the findings, a moderate relationship was found between PLI and job commitment and job satisfaction. A negative relationship was established between PLI and future intentions. Therefore, ethical leadership had an influence on employee engagement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Wewers, Carryn Lauren
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , Employee Engagement
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50687 , vital:42335
- Description: Many of today’s news headlines are fraught with alarming accounts of fraud and Corruption conducted by business leaders and this study was undertaken to investigate the influence of perceived ethical leadership on employee engagement. The question has arisen whether these unethical actions among business leaders impact the perceptions of employees and whether this affects their engagement with the organisation. There has been an increase in studies on employee engagement, due to the significant positive impact that it has on an organisation and the beneficial outcomes that engaged employees produce. In this study, the research design followed a positivist approach. The research participants consisted of middle managers in the public or private sectors in South Africa. Sampling was done using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Secondary data was collected using research data from the Nelson Mandela University Library and its online database. Primary research data was collected using self-administered, standardised questionnaires making use of a 5-point Likert scale. Data was interpreted by means of inferential statistics and biographical information. Every precaution was taken to ensure the reliability, validity and trustworthiness of the study. Ethical approval was obtained for the study from the Nelson Mandela University Research Ethics Committee as per the protocols that were in place at the time of the data collection. This study is significant in terms of the upsurge in unethical conduct in the business arena. The primary objective of this research was to determine the influence of perceived ethical leadership (Perceived Leader Integrity) on employee engagement (the factors which constitute engagement are job commitment, job satisfaction and future intentions.). In the findings, a moderate relationship was found between PLI and job commitment and job satisfaction. A negative relationship was established between PLI and future intentions. Therefore, ethical leadership had an influence on employee engagement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The influence of project management maturity on project success – A case of private organization’s infrastructure projects
- Authors: Manunga, Felicia
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Project Management -- South Africa , Construction projects -- Management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49909 , vital:41816
- Description: The construction industry is characterised by the high rate of project failures. Industry professionals consider inconsistent project management practices to be a major cause of these failures. A leading contributor to these inconsistent project management practices is that there is no one project management standard followed in the industry, thereby resulting in different interpretations and applications by project managers. Given the intricate nature of construction projects, correct project management practices and project management maturity are paramount in achieving the overall envisaged project benefits,project success and business profit by organisations. As such, this study arose from the desire to improve the prevailing practices in construction projects, particularly in the Private Healthcare Industry. Against this background, the purpose of this study was to develop a framework that aims to improve the prevailing project management practices in infrastructure projects within the Private Healthcare Industry. This was done through evaluating the appropriate frameworks and theories in construction project management practices, project management maturity, and project success concepts. This then led to determining the correct construction project management practices required for the successful execution of infrastructure projects. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive review of literature was conducted that covered a review of project management practices, benefits, and theories The review of literature concluded with the main study proposition: Project management maturity has an influence on project success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Manunga, Felicia
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Project Management -- South Africa , Construction projects -- Management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49909 , vital:41816
- Description: The construction industry is characterised by the high rate of project failures. Industry professionals consider inconsistent project management practices to be a major cause of these failures. A leading contributor to these inconsistent project management practices is that there is no one project management standard followed in the industry, thereby resulting in different interpretations and applications by project managers. Given the intricate nature of construction projects, correct project management practices and project management maturity are paramount in achieving the overall envisaged project benefits,project success and business profit by organisations. As such, this study arose from the desire to improve the prevailing practices in construction projects, particularly in the Private Healthcare Industry. Against this background, the purpose of this study was to develop a framework that aims to improve the prevailing project management practices in infrastructure projects within the Private Healthcare Industry. This was done through evaluating the appropriate frameworks and theories in construction project management practices, project management maturity, and project success concepts. This then led to determining the correct construction project management practices required for the successful execution of infrastructure projects. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive review of literature was conducted that covered a review of project management practices, benefits, and theories The review of literature concluded with the main study proposition: Project management maturity has an influence on project success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The leadership style of Richard Branson: a psychobiography
- Authors: Fourie, Megan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Psychology -- Biographical methods , Transformational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49838 , vital:41807
- Description: Transformational leadership (TFL) is a leadership theory that describes how leaders create change through their ability to inspire and motivate followers toward self-improvement and innovation that benefits the individual, the group, and the organisation as a whole.This psychobiographical research study explored the leadership style of Richard Branson by using Bass’s theory of transformational leadership. An exploratory-descriptive design was utilised to examine Branson’s life history. He was selected for the study through non-probability purposive sampling based on his history as an extraordinary leader and entrepreneur. Primary and secondary sources of historical and biographical data were used in the data collection process. The data was then processed using thematic analysis against the theoretical framework of transformational leadership. From an ethical perspective, the researcher took care to avoid the misrepresentation of the subject, thus balancing objective research with respect for the psychobiographical content and minimising the risk of doing harm. The findings demonstrated that Branson’s leadership style consists of, and corresponds to a large extent, to the four components of TFL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Fourie, Megan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Psychology -- Biographical methods , Transformational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49838 , vital:41807
- Description: Transformational leadership (TFL) is a leadership theory that describes how leaders create change through their ability to inspire and motivate followers toward self-improvement and innovation that benefits the individual, the group, and the organisation as a whole.This psychobiographical research study explored the leadership style of Richard Branson by using Bass’s theory of transformational leadership. An exploratory-descriptive design was utilised to examine Branson’s life history. He was selected for the study through non-probability purposive sampling based on his history as an extraordinary leader and entrepreneur. Primary and secondary sources of historical and biographical data were used in the data collection process. The data was then processed using thematic analysis against the theoretical framework of transformational leadership. From an ethical perspective, the researcher took care to avoid the misrepresentation of the subject, thus balancing objective research with respect for the psychobiographical content and minimising the risk of doing harm. The findings demonstrated that Branson’s leadership style consists of, and corresponds to a large extent, to the four components of TFL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The leadership style of Richard Branson: a psychobiography
- Authors: Fourie, Megan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa , Psychology -- Biographical methods
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50557 , vital:42221
- Description: Transformational leadership (TFL) is a leadership theory that describes how leaders create change through their ability to inspire and motivate followers toward self-improvement and innovation that benefits the individual, the group, and the organisation as a whole.This psychobiographical research study explored the leadership style of Richard Branson by using Bass’s theory of transformational leadership. An exploratory-descriptive design was utilised to examine Branson’s life history. He was selected for the study through non-probability purposive sampling based on his history as an extraordinary leader and entrepreneur. Primary and secondary sources of historical and biographical data were used in the data collection process. The data was then processed using thematic analysis against the theoretical framework of transformational leadership. From an ethical perspective, the researcher took care to avoid the misrepresentation of the subject, thus balancing objective research with respect for the psychobiographical content and minimising the risk of doing harm. The findings demonstrated that Branson’s leadership style consists of, and corresponds to a large extent, to the four major components of TFL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Fourie, Megan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa , Psychology -- Biographical methods
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50557 , vital:42221
- Description: Transformational leadership (TFL) is a leadership theory that describes how leaders create change through their ability to inspire and motivate followers toward self-improvement and innovation that benefits the individual, the group, and the organisation as a whole.This psychobiographical research study explored the leadership style of Richard Branson by using Bass’s theory of transformational leadership. An exploratory-descriptive design was utilised to examine Branson’s life history. He was selected for the study through non-probability purposive sampling based on his history as an extraordinary leader and entrepreneur. Primary and secondary sources of historical and biographical data were used in the data collection process. The data was then processed using thematic analysis against the theoretical framework of transformational leadership. From an ethical perspective, the researcher took care to avoid the misrepresentation of the subject, thus balancing objective research with respect for the psychobiographical content and minimising the risk of doing harm. The findings demonstrated that Branson’s leadership style consists of, and corresponds to a large extent, to the four major components of TFL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The mediating effect of financial literacy on the relationship between financial behavior and financial well-being on budget intentions
- Authors: Msakatya, Sakhumzi Mcgregor
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Financial literacy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49736 , vital:41786
- Description: Financial literacy concerns the understanding of those concepts related to finances. Financial literacy is globally recognised as an essential life skill since people must be able to differentiate among a wide range of products, services and providers of financial products to manage their finances successfully. Individuals make daily financial decisions about expenditures and savings. In environments where resources are scarce poor financial decisions have high impact on the quality of life and future access to resources. People are not adequately educated with regards to finance and wealth creation, save too little for retirement, overspend and tend to purchase items that are not prioritised for the household. Due to limited empirical research, it is clear that new research into the effect of financial literacy on the relationship between financial behaviour and financial well-being on budget intentions is required. This study was anchored to two theories, namely the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), intended to explain all behaviors in which people have the ability to exert self-control and the Trans-Theoretical Model of Behaviour Change (TTM) that could be used to change people’s financial behaviour. The problem being explored is that the mismanagement of funding for beneficiaries at higher education institutions. NSFAS has begun to increasingly make cash payouts available to beneficiaries yet there is not enough empirical evidence to suggest that the beneficiaries possess adequate personal finance management skills or they are financially literate to being able to better manage their finances. When the beneficiaries are not adequately skilled regarding personal finance management skills, they could misuse such funds and this could result in these beneficiaries failing to complete their studies. This study contributed to the identified knowledge gap by investigating the mediating effect of financial literacy on the relationship between financial behaviour and financial well-being on budget intentions among South African university students. This study included quantitative research methods and questionnaires were used as the primary means of collecting the data. The sample included 204 participants from the University of Fort Hare. The final sample yielded a total response rate of 81.6%. A cross sectional research design was used for this study. Convenience sampling was used in this study. The researcher made use of student leaders to distribute and collect questionnaires. This study included 14 hypotheses. The dependent variables included Budget Intentions and Financial Literacy. The independent variables included Financial Well-being and Financial Behaviour. Self-control as a financial behaviour predicted university students’ budget intentions. Individuals with better self-control were more likely to forgo indulgences and focus on the long-term goals, thereby sticking to a budget. Optimism significantly predicted budget intentions of university learners. People who tend to engage in deliberate thinking more often are more likely to better manage their personal finances through budgeting. Individuals who have more positive financial attitude were more satisfied with their financial situation implying that they undertake planning and budgeting as far as finance issues are concerned. Financial socialisation from a parental perspective significantly influenced university students’ financial behaviour, namely, financial teaching, monitoring and modelling. People with better self-control are more likely to practise saving in almost every income flowing to them. Financial behaviour, particularly, deliberating thinking significantly predicted financial literacy. Positive financial behaviours such as being financial literate such as a reduction in day-to-day expenses were found to be associated with lower financial anxiety levels. Financial behaviours including positive financial attitude significantly predicted financial literacy. Individuals who had their financial issues monitored by parents for the purpose of earning advice and tips on financial matters were positively behaving pointing to the notion that they were financial literate and knowledgeable. The implication of the study is that management of institutions of higher learning should encourage students to practise self-control behaviour regarding their finances in order to improve budget intentions. It is also recommended that the Universities management should design short courses where students can be trained on or made aware of the importance of self-control as much as good financial behaviour is concerned.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Msakatya, Sakhumzi Mcgregor
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Financial literacy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49736 , vital:41786
- Description: Financial literacy concerns the understanding of those concepts related to finances. Financial literacy is globally recognised as an essential life skill since people must be able to differentiate among a wide range of products, services and providers of financial products to manage their finances successfully. Individuals make daily financial decisions about expenditures and savings. In environments where resources are scarce poor financial decisions have high impact on the quality of life and future access to resources. People are not adequately educated with regards to finance and wealth creation, save too little for retirement, overspend and tend to purchase items that are not prioritised for the household. Due to limited empirical research, it is clear that new research into the effect of financial literacy on the relationship between financial behaviour and financial well-being on budget intentions is required. This study was anchored to two theories, namely the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), intended to explain all behaviors in which people have the ability to exert self-control and the Trans-Theoretical Model of Behaviour Change (TTM) that could be used to change people’s financial behaviour. The problem being explored is that the mismanagement of funding for beneficiaries at higher education institutions. NSFAS has begun to increasingly make cash payouts available to beneficiaries yet there is not enough empirical evidence to suggest that the beneficiaries possess adequate personal finance management skills or they are financially literate to being able to better manage their finances. When the beneficiaries are not adequately skilled regarding personal finance management skills, they could misuse such funds and this could result in these beneficiaries failing to complete their studies. This study contributed to the identified knowledge gap by investigating the mediating effect of financial literacy on the relationship between financial behaviour and financial well-being on budget intentions among South African university students. This study included quantitative research methods and questionnaires were used as the primary means of collecting the data. The sample included 204 participants from the University of Fort Hare. The final sample yielded a total response rate of 81.6%. A cross sectional research design was used for this study. Convenience sampling was used in this study. The researcher made use of student leaders to distribute and collect questionnaires. This study included 14 hypotheses. The dependent variables included Budget Intentions and Financial Literacy. The independent variables included Financial Well-being and Financial Behaviour. Self-control as a financial behaviour predicted university students’ budget intentions. Individuals with better self-control were more likely to forgo indulgences and focus on the long-term goals, thereby sticking to a budget. Optimism significantly predicted budget intentions of university learners. People who tend to engage in deliberate thinking more often are more likely to better manage their personal finances through budgeting. Individuals who have more positive financial attitude were more satisfied with their financial situation implying that they undertake planning and budgeting as far as finance issues are concerned. Financial socialisation from a parental perspective significantly influenced university students’ financial behaviour, namely, financial teaching, monitoring and modelling. People with better self-control are more likely to practise saving in almost every income flowing to them. Financial behaviour, particularly, deliberating thinking significantly predicted financial literacy. Positive financial behaviours such as being financial literate such as a reduction in day-to-day expenses were found to be associated with lower financial anxiety levels. Financial behaviours including positive financial attitude significantly predicted financial literacy. Individuals who had their financial issues monitored by parents for the purpose of earning advice and tips on financial matters were positively behaving pointing to the notion that they were financial literate and knowledgeable. The implication of the study is that management of institutions of higher learning should encourage students to practise self-control behaviour regarding their finances in order to improve budget intentions. It is also recommended that the Universities management should design short courses where students can be trained on or made aware of the importance of self-control as much as good financial behaviour is concerned.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The perceived effects of rainfall variability on food security in Senqu local municipality, South Africa
- Authors: Mangisa, Nobulungisa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Food supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rainfall probabilities -- Africa,Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49902 , vital:41815
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mangisa, Nobulungisa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Food supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rainfall probabilities -- Africa,Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49902 , vital:41815
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2020
The preparedness of the insurance industry for industry 4.0 in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) towards 2030
- Authors: Haribans, Sarika
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Insurance companies -- South Africa Industrial revolution -- Insurance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48147 , vital:40511
- Description: The exponential growth of technology over the past few years has given rise to the term Industry 4.0. The term Industry 4.0 has since gained increasing relevance and importance. Klaus Schwab, founder of the World Economic Forum (WEF) emphasised that the world is on the verge of a technological revolution that will profoundly alter the way we live, work and relate to one another; and that the scale, scope and complexity of the transformation will be unlike anything humankind has experienced before (Schwab, 2016). Industry 4.0 is said to be unlike the previous three industrial revolutions, it is a distinct one of speed, extent and systems impact, characterised by a major disruption to all sectors of business, governments and individuals globally. Industry’s such as insurance, is considered conservative and slow to change, as such the industry has never been quick to adapt to technological advancements. One thing however, that is certain about Industry 4.0 and predicted by many, is its significant impact on jobs in the world as robotics; automation and artificial intelligence become more abundant. This phenomenon has a direct impact on South Africa, which is currently strained by challenges such as infrastructure constraints, political instability, high levels of unemployment, rising costs, and shortages of skills, the loss of further jobs should raise an alarm of concern for government and the private sector alike. The outcomes of the extensive analysis of future studies practice and theory in this research study gives credibility to the argument that the manner in which planning is taking place for the future of the Industry 4.0 in the South African insurance industry context, requires significant adjustments. Business is encouraged to make collaborative decisions and fashion strategies that are founded on and informed by futures studies as this involves the development of fresh insight, fundamental to the planning process. This research attempted to gain insight into the possible future of the South African insurance industry through the creation of four scenarios towards 2030. These are outlined as follows: Insurance innovators and expansionists, which is the ‘best case’ scenario, to which the country aspires; The divide, the ‘worst case’ scenario, in which everything takes a negative turn; The uninsurable, the outlier future based on a surprise future centred on a disruptive emerging area; and Sitting this one out, in which no change takes place, making it ‘business as usual’. The research further undertook to discover the preferred future for the insurance industry in the South African context, as a basis for the Future Vision of the insurance industry of South Africa towards 2030. Inayatullah’s (2008) six pillars of futures studies was employed as an instrument to to guide the mapping of the present and future, further deepening and broadening the future through the development of scenarios, and, finally, transforming the future by narrowing it down to the preferred. In order to achieve the preferred, Future Vision of the insurance industry of South Africa towards 2030 is up to the insurance industry of South Africa, in collaboration with public and private sectors to determine the path to be followed in the decisions surrounding the embrace, acceptance and implementation of Industry 4.0 for the greater good of all, as the country moves towards progression, financial inclusion and sustainable development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Haribans, Sarika
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Insurance companies -- South Africa Industrial revolution -- Insurance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48147 , vital:40511
- Description: The exponential growth of technology over the past few years has given rise to the term Industry 4.0. The term Industry 4.0 has since gained increasing relevance and importance. Klaus Schwab, founder of the World Economic Forum (WEF) emphasised that the world is on the verge of a technological revolution that will profoundly alter the way we live, work and relate to one another; and that the scale, scope and complexity of the transformation will be unlike anything humankind has experienced before (Schwab, 2016). Industry 4.0 is said to be unlike the previous three industrial revolutions, it is a distinct one of speed, extent and systems impact, characterised by a major disruption to all sectors of business, governments and individuals globally. Industry’s such as insurance, is considered conservative and slow to change, as such the industry has never been quick to adapt to technological advancements. One thing however, that is certain about Industry 4.0 and predicted by many, is its significant impact on jobs in the world as robotics; automation and artificial intelligence become more abundant. This phenomenon has a direct impact on South Africa, which is currently strained by challenges such as infrastructure constraints, political instability, high levels of unemployment, rising costs, and shortages of skills, the loss of further jobs should raise an alarm of concern for government and the private sector alike. The outcomes of the extensive analysis of future studies practice and theory in this research study gives credibility to the argument that the manner in which planning is taking place for the future of the Industry 4.0 in the South African insurance industry context, requires significant adjustments. Business is encouraged to make collaborative decisions and fashion strategies that are founded on and informed by futures studies as this involves the development of fresh insight, fundamental to the planning process. This research attempted to gain insight into the possible future of the South African insurance industry through the creation of four scenarios towards 2030. These are outlined as follows: Insurance innovators and expansionists, which is the ‘best case’ scenario, to which the country aspires; The divide, the ‘worst case’ scenario, in which everything takes a negative turn; The uninsurable, the outlier future based on a surprise future centred on a disruptive emerging area; and Sitting this one out, in which no change takes place, making it ‘business as usual’. The research further undertook to discover the preferred future for the insurance industry in the South African context, as a basis for the Future Vision of the insurance industry of South Africa towards 2030. Inayatullah’s (2008) six pillars of futures studies was employed as an instrument to to guide the mapping of the present and future, further deepening and broadening the future through the development of scenarios, and, finally, transforming the future by narrowing it down to the preferred. In order to achieve the preferred, Future Vision of the insurance industry of South Africa towards 2030 is up to the insurance industry of South Africa, in collaboration with public and private sectors to determine the path to be followed in the decisions surrounding the embrace, acceptance and implementation of Industry 4.0 for the greater good of all, as the country moves towards progression, financial inclusion and sustainable development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption in South Africa
- Authors: Mabinya, Buyiswa Yoliswa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Energy consumption -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48753 , vital:41068
- Description: In recent years, the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth has been examined extensively in numerous countries. While there is high consensus in the scientific sphere on the interdependence between electricity consumption and economic growth, recent literature suggests that there are still competing views on the causal relationship between the two variables. Energy has long been viewed as a vital driving force for economies. However, the crucial role that the energy sector has played during the industrial revolution allowed some authors to consider energy in the same way as the capital and labor factors in the production function. The energy factor is considered essential today in the process of development. Almost everyone agrees on the importance of its contribution to the process of growth and development by considering growth / energy model as an indicator of wealth and a vector to reduce social inequalities. Meanwhile, according to the different scenarios observed, energy consumption may or may not have impacts on economic growth or wealth creation. The problem of access to energy (electricity) in certain regions in Africa (and particularly in South Africa) remains one of the major challenges that require urgent attention over the coming decades. In addition, the lack of consensus among researchers has triggered a shift towards focusing on study methods and techniques used for investigations on the energy-growth nexus. Using R programming for data analysis, this study investigates the asymmetric relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in South Africa by incorporating the following intermediary variables: trade openness, capital and labour. Results suggest that a conservation hypothesis is the most prevailing theory on the causal link between GDP and Energy Consumption in South Africa. This opinion is acknowledged as the growth-led electricity consumption opinion. From an economic perspective, evidence from the research suggests that, without necessarily expanding energy accessibility, trade liberalisation and capital could generate clear gains to South Africa and efforts to promote and accelerate these initiatives should be encouraged. Given the often-competing resource limitation challenges faced by the South African government, as a result of prioritisation, trade liberalisation should be favoured and be given roughly in the range of 1.5 times more attention than capital. Therefore, South Africa may not necessarily need electricity for its economic growth. Although energy consumption has a major influence on economic growth, the latter could also possibly be achieved by increasing trade and/or capital, without any change in energy consumption. Energy conservation policies could be executed with little or no hostile effects on economic growth. As a policy intervention, the research study recommends sustained efforts to strengthen regional integration with the view to achieving trade liberalisation, increasing capital formation and creating greater synergy for economic growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mabinya, Buyiswa Yoliswa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Energy consumption -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48753 , vital:41068
- Description: In recent years, the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth has been examined extensively in numerous countries. While there is high consensus in the scientific sphere on the interdependence between electricity consumption and economic growth, recent literature suggests that there are still competing views on the causal relationship between the two variables. Energy has long been viewed as a vital driving force for economies. However, the crucial role that the energy sector has played during the industrial revolution allowed some authors to consider energy in the same way as the capital and labor factors in the production function. The energy factor is considered essential today in the process of development. Almost everyone agrees on the importance of its contribution to the process of growth and development by considering growth / energy model as an indicator of wealth and a vector to reduce social inequalities. Meanwhile, according to the different scenarios observed, energy consumption may or may not have impacts on economic growth or wealth creation. The problem of access to energy (electricity) in certain regions in Africa (and particularly in South Africa) remains one of the major challenges that require urgent attention over the coming decades. In addition, the lack of consensus among researchers has triggered a shift towards focusing on study methods and techniques used for investigations on the energy-growth nexus. Using R programming for data analysis, this study investigates the asymmetric relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in South Africa by incorporating the following intermediary variables: trade openness, capital and labour. Results suggest that a conservation hypothesis is the most prevailing theory on the causal link between GDP and Energy Consumption in South Africa. This opinion is acknowledged as the growth-led electricity consumption opinion. From an economic perspective, evidence from the research suggests that, without necessarily expanding energy accessibility, trade liberalisation and capital could generate clear gains to South Africa and efforts to promote and accelerate these initiatives should be encouraged. Given the often-competing resource limitation challenges faced by the South African government, as a result of prioritisation, trade liberalisation should be favoured and be given roughly in the range of 1.5 times more attention than capital. Therefore, South Africa may not necessarily need electricity for its economic growth. Although energy consumption has a major influence on economic growth, the latter could also possibly be achieved by increasing trade and/or capital, without any change in energy consumption. Energy conservation policies could be executed with little or no hostile effects on economic growth. As a policy intervention, the research study recommends sustained efforts to strengthen regional integration with the view to achieving trade liberalisation, increasing capital formation and creating greater synergy for economic growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The relationship between employee wellness and work engagement in a non-governmental organisation
- Authors: Coopasamy, Kubashinie
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Employee health promotion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47685 , vital:40323
- Description: Employee wellness and work engagement have a positive influence on organisational behaviour. The main aim of the research study was to understand whether a relationship existed between employee wellness and work engagement in a Non-Governmental organisation (NGO). The research used a cross-sectional design and a composite questionnaire to measure employee wellness and work engagement. This was a paper and pen-based questionnaire which was distributed to 160 employees. Of the 160 questionnaires distributed only 155 participants responded. These participants are employed at NGO’s based in Port Elizabeth, Johannesburg and East London. An exploratory factor analysis determined a new more reliable factor structure for PWS. Employee wellness lost items and became a three-factor structure. The results showed that the new EFA model was best suited for the present study. Work Engagement remained a three-factor structure. T-tests and ANOVAs revealed significant differences between the constructs and the demographic groups. Correlations showed the main findings of the study to be a relationship between employee wellness and work engagement in a non-governmental organisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Coopasamy, Kubashinie
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Employee health promotion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47685 , vital:40323
- Description: Employee wellness and work engagement have a positive influence on organisational behaviour. The main aim of the research study was to understand whether a relationship existed between employee wellness and work engagement in a Non-Governmental organisation (NGO). The research used a cross-sectional design and a composite questionnaire to measure employee wellness and work engagement. This was a paper and pen-based questionnaire which was distributed to 160 employees. Of the 160 questionnaires distributed only 155 participants responded. These participants are employed at NGO’s based in Port Elizabeth, Johannesburg and East London. An exploratory factor analysis determined a new more reliable factor structure for PWS. Employee wellness lost items and became a three-factor structure. The results showed that the new EFA model was best suited for the present study. Work Engagement remained a three-factor structure. T-tests and ANOVAs revealed significant differences between the constructs and the demographic groups. Correlations showed the main findings of the study to be a relationship between employee wellness and work engagement in a non-governmental organisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The relationship between export diversification, export concentration and economic growth
- Authors: Mchani, Sibusisiwe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Exports Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49670 , vital:41769
- Description: Export diversification on economic growth has been a controversial issue in the empirical literature for a long time. This study examined the role of export diversification and export concentration on economic growth in the top ten trading countries in Africa and top ten trading countries in the world. The study used annual time series data for the period covering 1995 to 2014 and employed a PMG (Pooled Mean Group) Model to determine the effects of export concentration and export diversification and possible factors that affect it on economic growth. The estimation results attest to a positive effect of export diversification and a negative effect of export concentration on economic growth in the top ten trading countries in the world. However, for the top ten trading countries in Africa, the results show that export diversification is negatively related to economic growth, while export concentration positively affects economic growth. These results hold even when the DOLS and FMOLS are employed establishing their robustness. The study further shows that other control variables such as employment and government spending positively affect economic growth, while human capital and investment negatively affects economic growth in Africa. In the top ten trading countries in the World, government expenditure and investment are significant positive determinants of economic growth. It is recommended that governments in Africa countries should promote export diversification together with government expenditure, and pursue policies that will attract foreign direct investment into growth–enhancing productive sectors of their economies
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mchani, Sibusisiwe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Exports Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49670 , vital:41769
- Description: Export diversification on economic growth has been a controversial issue in the empirical literature for a long time. This study examined the role of export diversification and export concentration on economic growth in the top ten trading countries in Africa and top ten trading countries in the world. The study used annual time series data for the period covering 1995 to 2014 and employed a PMG (Pooled Mean Group) Model to determine the effects of export concentration and export diversification and possible factors that affect it on economic growth. The estimation results attest to a positive effect of export diversification and a negative effect of export concentration on economic growth in the top ten trading countries in the world. However, for the top ten trading countries in Africa, the results show that export diversification is negatively related to economic growth, while export concentration positively affects economic growth. These results hold even when the DOLS and FMOLS are employed establishing their robustness. The study further shows that other control variables such as employment and government spending positively affect economic growth, while human capital and investment negatively affects economic growth in Africa. In the top ten trading countries in the World, government expenditure and investment are significant positive determinants of economic growth. It is recommended that governments in Africa countries should promote export diversification together with government expenditure, and pursue policies that will attract foreign direct investment into growth–enhancing productive sectors of their economies
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The relationship between workplace trust, work engagement and turnover intentions
- Authors: Gouws, Rumelda Hendrieka
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organizational behavior Manufacturing industries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Mcom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48124 , vital:40494
- Description: The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether relationships exist between workplace trust, work engagement and turnover intentions. Moreover, it also investigated the significant demographical differences of the constructs. This study is of a positive psychology paradigm and primarily non-experimental cross-sectional and correlational in nature. The participants were from the workforce of a large manufacturing organisation (n=568) within the Eastern Cape. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected through the aid of self-administered standardised paper-and-pencil questionnaires, which incorporated the Workplace Trust Survey, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Turnover Intentions Scale. Only instruments that showed construct validity and reliability were used. The necessary steps were taken to ensure that plagiarism, bias, data manipulation and physical and/or emotional harm was avoided, whereas confidentiality and anonymity were maintained. Only 140 questionnaires were returned, from which only 104 were fully completed. Data analysis and interpretation were performed with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods. Pearson’s product-moment correlations were used to determine statistically significant relationships between the constructs. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used to determine significant demographical differences between the constructs. It was found that all three measuring instruments had Cronbach’s alpha scores above 0.80, indicating good internal reliability and validity. The findings of the study identified a number of correlations between the constructs and their factors. It was found that a positive relationship exists between workplace trust and work engagement, as well as between the factors of both these constructs. A negative relationship was found between turnover intentions and both workplace trust and work engagement and their respective factors. Significant demographical differences were found for gender on the workplace trust scale, and two of its factors (trust in the organisation and in the immediate manager), and vigour. In addition to this, significant demographical differences were found for race on the workplace trust scale and two of its factors, namely trust in the organisation and in the immediate manager. This research study’s findings made a valuable contribution to the field of workplace trust, work engagement, turnover intentions and the manufacturing environment. The results of this study hold important implications for the organisation in question and provide a platform for future research studies. This study aids in better understanding the relationships between the constructs and their variables, to formulate better retention and enhancement strategies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Gouws, Rumelda Hendrieka
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organizational behavior Manufacturing industries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Mcom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48124 , vital:40494
- Description: The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether relationships exist between workplace trust, work engagement and turnover intentions. Moreover, it also investigated the significant demographical differences of the constructs. This study is of a positive psychology paradigm and primarily non-experimental cross-sectional and correlational in nature. The participants were from the workforce of a large manufacturing organisation (n=568) within the Eastern Cape. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected through the aid of self-administered standardised paper-and-pencil questionnaires, which incorporated the Workplace Trust Survey, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Turnover Intentions Scale. Only instruments that showed construct validity and reliability were used. The necessary steps were taken to ensure that plagiarism, bias, data manipulation and physical and/or emotional harm was avoided, whereas confidentiality and anonymity were maintained. Only 140 questionnaires were returned, from which only 104 were fully completed. Data analysis and interpretation were performed with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods. Pearson’s product-moment correlations were used to determine statistically significant relationships between the constructs. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used to determine significant demographical differences between the constructs. It was found that all three measuring instruments had Cronbach’s alpha scores above 0.80, indicating good internal reliability and validity. The findings of the study identified a number of correlations between the constructs and their factors. It was found that a positive relationship exists between workplace trust and work engagement, as well as between the factors of both these constructs. A negative relationship was found between turnover intentions and both workplace trust and work engagement and their respective factors. Significant demographical differences were found for gender on the workplace trust scale, and two of its factors (trust in the organisation and in the immediate manager), and vigour. In addition to this, significant demographical differences were found for race on the workplace trust scale and two of its factors, namely trust in the organisation and in the immediate manager. This research study’s findings made a valuable contribution to the field of workplace trust, work engagement, turnover intentions and the manufacturing environment. The results of this study hold important implications for the organisation in question and provide a platform for future research studies. This study aids in better understanding the relationships between the constructs and their variables, to formulate better retention and enhancement strategies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The role of leadership in creating an environment that fosters innovation
- Authors: Mmbasa-Chimusoro, Lusanda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49647 , vital:41763
- Description: Innovation has emerged as an important factor for the survival of businesses especially when there are external factors at play such as increased competition, economic decline and demanding consumers. Organisations need to innovate to remain attractive in the global economy. To be able to address the needs of customers in a quick way, organisations need to be cognizant of the social and technological shifts so they can be in position to exploit them to their advantage. In today’s competitive environment, innovation is a driver of change and organisations that resist that change are in danger. Regardless of the scope of the resource pool and the organisational excellence, companies cannot shield themselves from change. While change comes with risk and uncertainty, it also presents opportunity. The choice to innovate must be supported by actions that foster an environment in which people are comfortable to be innovative. An organisational climate that inspires members to engage in innovation is vital for the innovation efforts of an organisation to be successful. The purpose of the study was to determine the leadership practices that can be adopted to build and sustain a` work environment that fosters innovation. To achieve this objective a conceptual model was constructed from literature and the relationship between six constructs was tested, namely, organisational culture, leadership style, leadership behaviour, reward and recognition, training and development, and a climate for innovation. To test the conceptual model, a questionnaire was sent to 82 participants working in the media and entertainment industry. The results of the data analysis highlighted that the organisational culture and the leadership behaviour have a significant positive relationship with the climate for innovation. Positive changes in the organisational culture and leadership behaviour are likely to lead to a more conducive organisational climate for innovation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mmbasa-Chimusoro, Lusanda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49647 , vital:41763
- Description: Innovation has emerged as an important factor for the survival of businesses especially when there are external factors at play such as increased competition, economic decline and demanding consumers. Organisations need to innovate to remain attractive in the global economy. To be able to address the needs of customers in a quick way, organisations need to be cognizant of the social and technological shifts so they can be in position to exploit them to their advantage. In today’s competitive environment, innovation is a driver of change and organisations that resist that change are in danger. Regardless of the scope of the resource pool and the organisational excellence, companies cannot shield themselves from change. While change comes with risk and uncertainty, it also presents opportunity. The choice to innovate must be supported by actions that foster an environment in which people are comfortable to be innovative. An organisational climate that inspires members to engage in innovation is vital for the innovation efforts of an organisation to be successful. The purpose of the study was to determine the leadership practices that can be adopted to build and sustain a` work environment that fosters innovation. To achieve this objective a conceptual model was constructed from literature and the relationship between six constructs was tested, namely, organisational culture, leadership style, leadership behaviour, reward and recognition, training and development, and a climate for innovation. To test the conceptual model, a questionnaire was sent to 82 participants working in the media and entertainment industry. The results of the data analysis highlighted that the organisational culture and the leadership behaviour have a significant positive relationship with the climate for innovation. Positive changes in the organisational culture and leadership behaviour are likely to lead to a more conducive organisational climate for innovation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The role of small-scale squid fisheries in sustaining livelihoods and maintaining marine resources in the context of climate change
- Authors: Mkaza, Oyamangaye
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Squids -- Presevation , Climate Change -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50382 , vital:42158
- Description: Small-scale fisheries depend on the ocean as a source of social and economic benefit for the world’s population, especially in developing countries. Coastal communities face challenges in ensuring that fisheries are sustainable and resilient to the effects of climate change. The collapse of small-scale squid fisheries in South Africa in 2013-2014 raised concerns in South Africa’s fishing industry, leading to various studies that focused on the marine environment. Small-scale fisheries are important in terms of their contribution to various national economies, job creation for coastal communities and the sustainability of human existence. Society needs a detailed knowledge of the living components of natural and managed systems, as global climate changes affect the functions of ecosystems and consequently the well-being of humans. A qualitative research approach using unstructured interviews with participants was appropriate for this study. This approach gave an opportunity for participants to explain their views and provide an in-depth understanding of their social phenomena. The significance of this study is that it broadens knowledge and understanding of how small-scale fishers respond and become resilient to climate change, shocks and other risks that affect social and ecological systems negatively and assists in forecasting the likelihood of a future collapse of the fishing industry. The study’s results indicate that squid fishers’ local knowledge supports the view that there are changes in the squid stocks, with fishers detailing the changing weather patterns and climatic conditions. The squid fishers identified unsustainable fishing practices that damage the spawning areas as a problem area. There was a general concern amongst the limited number of interviewees that the future of their livelihood was in peril and changes had to be made. Local knowledge and the perceived desire to care for the environment are important for managing squid resources and fostering communities’ resilience to climate change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mkaza, Oyamangaye
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Squids -- Presevation , Climate Change -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50382 , vital:42158
- Description: Small-scale fisheries depend on the ocean as a source of social and economic benefit for the world’s population, especially in developing countries. Coastal communities face challenges in ensuring that fisheries are sustainable and resilient to the effects of climate change. The collapse of small-scale squid fisheries in South Africa in 2013-2014 raised concerns in South Africa’s fishing industry, leading to various studies that focused on the marine environment. Small-scale fisheries are important in terms of their contribution to various national economies, job creation for coastal communities and the sustainability of human existence. Society needs a detailed knowledge of the living components of natural and managed systems, as global climate changes affect the functions of ecosystems and consequently the well-being of humans. A qualitative research approach using unstructured interviews with participants was appropriate for this study. This approach gave an opportunity for participants to explain their views and provide an in-depth understanding of their social phenomena. The significance of this study is that it broadens knowledge and understanding of how small-scale fishers respond and become resilient to climate change, shocks and other risks that affect social and ecological systems negatively and assists in forecasting the likelihood of a future collapse of the fishing industry. The study’s results indicate that squid fishers’ local knowledge supports the view that there are changes in the squid stocks, with fishers detailing the changing weather patterns and climatic conditions. The squid fishers identified unsustainable fishing practices that damage the spawning areas as a problem area. There was a general concern amongst the limited number of interviewees that the future of their livelihood was in peril and changes had to be made. Local knowledge and the perceived desire to care for the environment are important for managing squid resources and fostering communities’ resilience to climate change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020