Effect of school-based interventions on attention and academic performance of primary schoolchildren from lower socioeconomic communities in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Adams, Larissa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Academic achievement -- South Africa , Exercise -- Physiological aspects Physical education for children Physical education and training
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42085 , vital:36624
- Description: Health benefits associated with regular physical activity (PA) have been widely established. Regular PA is not only associated with improved physical and psychological well-being, but also with improved brain function and cognition, thereby enhancing academic performance (AP). Despite these benefits, decreasing levels of PA and increasing levels of overweight and obesity exist world-wide, making childhood physical inactivity a global concern. Research suggests children who meet the recommended PA guidelines of 60-minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity attain substantially higher academic grades. Schools provide ideal settings for PA promotion due to the substantial amount of time children spend at school. However, in many countries, including South Africa (SA), Physical Education (PE) programmes have been reduced and replaced with other subjects to increase AP. Furthermore, a scarcity of water, limited accessibility to improved sanitation and lack of personal hygiene at home and in school substantially contributes to the burden of preventable childhood diseases. These hygiene-related illnesses augment the cycle of poverty and disease through its detrimental effect on children’s school attendance, academic performance and productivity. Studies also show that obesity, poor nutrition and food insufficiency affect children’s school achievement. Hence, the school environment plays an essential role in improving children’s health, since many teaching opportunities about important health and nutrition practices are provided. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of various combinations of school-based interventions on the attention and AP of primary schoolchildren from disadvantaged communities in Port Elizabeth. Overall, 857 schoolchildren (n = 434 boys and n = 423 girls, aged 8 – 13 years) participated in the study. A 10-week cluster randomised controlled trial using four experimental and four control schools was conducted. Setting-specific interventions incorporated PA, health and hygiene education and nutrition components. The d2 Test of Attention measured selective visual attention and concentration with outcome measures of the percentage of errors, total performance and concentration performance. End of year school results were used to assess AP. Post-intervention and pre- to post-intervention differences between the inter-school comparisons revealed mixed results for the attention and AP measurements, therefore, no conclusions could be drawn regarding the assessed variables. Intervention group comparisons at post-intervention indicated that the PA intervention group achieved a statistically significant improvement (p < .05 and d > 0.8) for AP, when compared with the non-PA intervention group. No significant differences were found for AP in relation to intervention group comparisons for the health and hygiene education and nutrition intervention groups. Similarly, the intervention group comparisons revealed no significant differences regarding attention for post-intervention and pre- to post-intervention differences. Findings suggest that a school-based PA intervention can positively affect children’s AP. The current study emphasises the necessity of PA and reinforces the importance of PE in the school curriculum. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that PE regains its rightful place and be actively taught within the school curriculum.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Adams, Larissa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Academic achievement -- South Africa , Exercise -- Physiological aspects Physical education for children Physical education and training
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42085 , vital:36624
- Description: Health benefits associated with regular physical activity (PA) have been widely established. Regular PA is not only associated with improved physical and psychological well-being, but also with improved brain function and cognition, thereby enhancing academic performance (AP). Despite these benefits, decreasing levels of PA and increasing levels of overweight and obesity exist world-wide, making childhood physical inactivity a global concern. Research suggests children who meet the recommended PA guidelines of 60-minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity attain substantially higher academic grades. Schools provide ideal settings for PA promotion due to the substantial amount of time children spend at school. However, in many countries, including South Africa (SA), Physical Education (PE) programmes have been reduced and replaced with other subjects to increase AP. Furthermore, a scarcity of water, limited accessibility to improved sanitation and lack of personal hygiene at home and in school substantially contributes to the burden of preventable childhood diseases. These hygiene-related illnesses augment the cycle of poverty and disease through its detrimental effect on children’s school attendance, academic performance and productivity. Studies also show that obesity, poor nutrition and food insufficiency affect children’s school achievement. Hence, the school environment plays an essential role in improving children’s health, since many teaching opportunities about important health and nutrition practices are provided. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of various combinations of school-based interventions on the attention and AP of primary schoolchildren from disadvantaged communities in Port Elizabeth. Overall, 857 schoolchildren (n = 434 boys and n = 423 girls, aged 8 – 13 years) participated in the study. A 10-week cluster randomised controlled trial using four experimental and four control schools was conducted. Setting-specific interventions incorporated PA, health and hygiene education and nutrition components. The d2 Test of Attention measured selective visual attention and concentration with outcome measures of the percentage of errors, total performance and concentration performance. End of year school results were used to assess AP. Post-intervention and pre- to post-intervention differences between the inter-school comparisons revealed mixed results for the attention and AP measurements, therefore, no conclusions could be drawn regarding the assessed variables. Intervention group comparisons at post-intervention indicated that the PA intervention group achieved a statistically significant improvement (p < .05 and d > 0.8) for AP, when compared with the non-PA intervention group. No significant differences were found for AP in relation to intervention group comparisons for the health and hygiene education and nutrition intervention groups. Similarly, the intervention group comparisons revealed no significant differences regarding attention for post-intervention and pre- to post-intervention differences. Findings suggest that a school-based PA intervention can positively affect children’s AP. The current study emphasises the necessity of PA and reinforces the importance of PE in the school curriculum. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that PE regains its rightful place and be actively taught within the school curriculum.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Effects of an educational intervention related to clinical simulation terminology on the knowledge of nurse educators at a public college
- Authors: Booysen, Cindy Lynn
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Nursing -- Simulation methods
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36423 , vital:33940
- Description: Nurse educators must be prepared and feel comfortable using clinical simulation as a strategy in order for it to be successful as a teaching and learning approach. In terms of an educational intervention, orientation and training pertaining to simulation terminology for nurse educators can improve their capacity and strengthen the clinical simulation experience. The researcher observed a lack of knowledge regarding the terminology of clinical simulation among nurse educators at a public nursing college and this study therefore aimed to determine the effects of an educational intervention related to clinical simulation terminology on the knowledge of nurse educators at a public nursing college. The researcher conducted a small-scale intervention study utilizing a positivist, quantitative paradigm with a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design. The researcher purposively selected the five main campuses at a public nursing college in South Africa. The five main campuses were purposively selected into control (two main campuses; campus A, campus B) and experimental group (three main campuses; campus C, campus D and campus E). Convenience sampling was used by including all nurse educators of each campus. A self-administered pre-test questionnaire was developed and used in Phase one in order to explore and describe the knowledge of nurse educators with regard to the terminology applied in clinical simulation. A total of 125 nurse educators were included (experimental group n=65; control group n=60). Phase two involved the development, review and implementation of an educational intervention based on the standards of best practice: standard 1: terminology, developed by the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL). Methods for the educational intervention included a PowerPoint presentation and pamphlets administered to the purposively selected experimental group (three campuses; campus C, campus D and campus E). The educational intervention was implemented per campus. The control group did not receive any educational intervention (two campuses; campus A and campus B). Phase three comprised a self-administered post-test that was developed to evaluate the effects of the educational intervention pertaining to the nurse educators’ knowledge of the terminology applied in clinical simulation and was completed by the nurse educators who participated in Phase one of the study. A total of 70 participants completed Phase three of the study, (n=31 from the control group and n=39 from the experimental group). The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA and Chisquare testing), with the assistance of a statistician. A pilot study was conducted to prove the reliability of the pre-and post-test questionnaires and the educational intervention and a review by the statistician as well as the supervisors and five experts in the field of clinical simulation for the pre-test post-test questionnaires and educational intervention was done prior to its implementation. The pre-test was completed by (n=81) participants and the post-test by (n=70). The majority age category for participants was 50 years and older (n=32, 40%). Almost one third of the participants had less than 5 years’ experience as nurse educators (n=25, 31%). A statistically significant difference was found for pre-knowledge by age relationship (pvalue= ,036). The pre- and post-difference by age (p-value=.035) as well as work experience (p-value= .017) was also found to be significant (p-value= ,035). The older age groups (40-49 years of age) benefited more from the study as their knowledge on clinical simulation terminology significantly increased (Cohen’s d= 0,77 and 0,76- medium score) as well as those that were more inexperienced (1-4 years of working experience) (Cohen’s d= 1,10- large). The majority of participants did not receive any training in simulation-based education (n=69, 85%). The participants who received simulation-based education training versus the participants who did not receive any training showed a statistically significant variance for the pre-knowledge scores (pvalue= ,001) (Cohen’s d= 1,06- large). The mean score for the knowledge section (section B) of the questionnaire was 59,72 and the mean score for the pre-test-posttest difference was 12,64. The findings of the t-test had a small significant value for the pre-test and a medium significant value for the post-test. A significant medium Cohen’s d value was evident after correlating the difference between the knowledge scores for the pre- and post-test questionnaires. The 15 minutes educational intervention thus had a medium effect (pre-post difference of the knowledge scores: p-value=<.0005, with a Cohen’s d score of 0.67-medium significance) on the knowledge findings of nurse educators. However, as gaps in knowledge were evident among nurse educators in this study, further recommendations for practice, education and research were provided. Ethical principles such as informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity as well as permission to conduct the study were taken into consideration through all phases of the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Booysen, Cindy Lynn
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Nursing -- Simulation methods
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36423 , vital:33940
- Description: Nurse educators must be prepared and feel comfortable using clinical simulation as a strategy in order for it to be successful as a teaching and learning approach. In terms of an educational intervention, orientation and training pertaining to simulation terminology for nurse educators can improve their capacity and strengthen the clinical simulation experience. The researcher observed a lack of knowledge regarding the terminology of clinical simulation among nurse educators at a public nursing college and this study therefore aimed to determine the effects of an educational intervention related to clinical simulation terminology on the knowledge of nurse educators at a public nursing college. The researcher conducted a small-scale intervention study utilizing a positivist, quantitative paradigm with a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design. The researcher purposively selected the five main campuses at a public nursing college in South Africa. The five main campuses were purposively selected into control (two main campuses; campus A, campus B) and experimental group (three main campuses; campus C, campus D and campus E). Convenience sampling was used by including all nurse educators of each campus. A self-administered pre-test questionnaire was developed and used in Phase one in order to explore and describe the knowledge of nurse educators with regard to the terminology applied in clinical simulation. A total of 125 nurse educators were included (experimental group n=65; control group n=60). Phase two involved the development, review and implementation of an educational intervention based on the standards of best practice: standard 1: terminology, developed by the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL). Methods for the educational intervention included a PowerPoint presentation and pamphlets administered to the purposively selected experimental group (three campuses; campus C, campus D and campus E). The educational intervention was implemented per campus. The control group did not receive any educational intervention (two campuses; campus A and campus B). Phase three comprised a self-administered post-test that was developed to evaluate the effects of the educational intervention pertaining to the nurse educators’ knowledge of the terminology applied in clinical simulation and was completed by the nurse educators who participated in Phase one of the study. A total of 70 participants completed Phase three of the study, (n=31 from the control group and n=39 from the experimental group). The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA and Chisquare testing), with the assistance of a statistician. A pilot study was conducted to prove the reliability of the pre-and post-test questionnaires and the educational intervention and a review by the statistician as well as the supervisors and five experts in the field of clinical simulation for the pre-test post-test questionnaires and educational intervention was done prior to its implementation. The pre-test was completed by (n=81) participants and the post-test by (n=70). The majority age category for participants was 50 years and older (n=32, 40%). Almost one third of the participants had less than 5 years’ experience as nurse educators (n=25, 31%). A statistically significant difference was found for pre-knowledge by age relationship (pvalue= ,036). The pre- and post-difference by age (p-value=.035) as well as work experience (p-value= .017) was also found to be significant (p-value= ,035). The older age groups (40-49 years of age) benefited more from the study as their knowledge on clinical simulation terminology significantly increased (Cohen’s d= 0,77 and 0,76- medium score) as well as those that were more inexperienced (1-4 years of working experience) (Cohen’s d= 1,10- large). The majority of participants did not receive any training in simulation-based education (n=69, 85%). The participants who received simulation-based education training versus the participants who did not receive any training showed a statistically significant variance for the pre-knowledge scores (pvalue= ,001) (Cohen’s d= 1,06- large). The mean score for the knowledge section (section B) of the questionnaire was 59,72 and the mean score for the pre-test-posttest difference was 12,64. The findings of the t-test had a small significant value for the pre-test and a medium significant value for the post-test. A significant medium Cohen’s d value was evident after correlating the difference between the knowledge scores for the pre- and post-test questionnaires. The 15 minutes educational intervention thus had a medium effect (pre-post difference of the knowledge scores: p-value=<.0005, with a Cohen’s d score of 0.67-medium significance) on the knowledge findings of nurse educators. However, as gaps in knowledge were evident among nurse educators in this study, further recommendations for practice, education and research were provided. Ethical principles such as informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity as well as permission to conduct the study were taken into consideration through all phases of the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Establishing baseline data of Cradock and Tarkastad’s communities’ disease profile ahead of hydraulic fracturing and shale gas development
- Authors: Olivera, Shanene
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medical care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Diseases -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Statistics, Medical Surveys
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43088 , vital:36734
- Description: The South African government is investigating alternative ways to address the electricity crisis and has identified fracking as an alternative energy source. Specific areas have been identified for the implementation of Shale Gas Development. Various research studies have connected fracking to the incidence of certain diseases. Since Cradock and Tarkastad have been identified as prospective areas for the implementation of fracking, the primary aim of this study was to determine the disease profile of the community members in Cradock and Tarkastad. This baseline data could be utilised at a later stage as a benchmark when similar studies are conducted after the implementation of Shale Gas Development in these communities. A quantitative approach utilising a comparative descriptive survey design was adopted to conduct this study. The research population comprised all community members in Cradock and Tarkastad. A multi-staged sampling process was applied namely, cluster, convenient and stratified random sampling process; 489 respondents were included in the research sample. Two structured questionnaires and checklists were developed and administered by Registered Nurses, who were recruited as fieldworkers, to collect the data for the study. One questionnaire and checklist were designed and used for the age groups five-year and under population (n=43), and the other questionnaire and checklist were used for the over five-year population group (n=446). This allowed for the establishment of a disease profile of all ages in both areas. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data, and a pilot study was conducted before the primary study. The results of the study revealed the current disease profile in Tarkastad and Cradock. One of the objectives of the study was to compare the prevalence of diseases and abnormalities found in Cradock and Tarkastad. Thereafter the disease profiles were combined in a single profile for both Cradock and Tarkastad. Statistical analysis among the five-year-old and under population group indicated significant associations between area and physiological status, birthweight and physical conditions identified and monthly household income and physiological status (p<0.05). The over five-year-old population group revealed a greater significance between the independent and dependent variable categories than in the age group five years and under. The study revealed that South Africa’s burden of disease is evident in these findings with HIV/AIDS topping the list. The prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS and Hypertention are higher than the national prevalence rates, in Cradock and Tarkastad. It was also worthwhile to mention that Tarkastad faces more socio-economic challenges compared to Cradock. Recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing education and further development of nursing research based on the research findings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Olivera, Shanene
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medical care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Diseases -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Statistics, Medical Surveys
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43088 , vital:36734
- Description: The South African government is investigating alternative ways to address the electricity crisis and has identified fracking as an alternative energy source. Specific areas have been identified for the implementation of Shale Gas Development. Various research studies have connected fracking to the incidence of certain diseases. Since Cradock and Tarkastad have been identified as prospective areas for the implementation of fracking, the primary aim of this study was to determine the disease profile of the community members in Cradock and Tarkastad. This baseline data could be utilised at a later stage as a benchmark when similar studies are conducted after the implementation of Shale Gas Development in these communities. A quantitative approach utilising a comparative descriptive survey design was adopted to conduct this study. The research population comprised all community members in Cradock and Tarkastad. A multi-staged sampling process was applied namely, cluster, convenient and stratified random sampling process; 489 respondents were included in the research sample. Two structured questionnaires and checklists were developed and administered by Registered Nurses, who were recruited as fieldworkers, to collect the data for the study. One questionnaire and checklist were designed and used for the age groups five-year and under population (n=43), and the other questionnaire and checklist were used for the over five-year population group (n=446). This allowed for the establishment of a disease profile of all ages in both areas. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data, and a pilot study was conducted before the primary study. The results of the study revealed the current disease profile in Tarkastad and Cradock. One of the objectives of the study was to compare the prevalence of diseases and abnormalities found in Cradock and Tarkastad. Thereafter the disease profiles were combined in a single profile for both Cradock and Tarkastad. Statistical analysis among the five-year-old and under population group indicated significant associations between area and physiological status, birthweight and physical conditions identified and monthly household income and physiological status (p<0.05). The over five-year-old population group revealed a greater significance between the independent and dependent variable categories than in the age group five years and under. The study revealed that South Africa’s burden of disease is evident in these findings with HIV/AIDS topping the list. The prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS and Hypertention are higher than the national prevalence rates, in Cradock and Tarkastad. It was also worthwhile to mention that Tarkastad faces more socio-economic challenges compared to Cradock. Recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing education and further development of nursing research based on the research findings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Evaluating the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV Services in the Eastern Cape: subtitle if needed. If no subtitle follow instructions in manual
- Authors: Sigovana, Khuthala
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3176 , vital:43182
- Description: Abstract text To effectively reduce HIV transmission to newborns requires a reduction of HIV prevalence among pregnant women and a full understanding of its epidemiology. There is however, a literature gap: few recent HIV studies focus on women attending antenatal care in rural areas in South Africa. A Cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal care in four Primary Care facilities was conducted. An interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics and medical history was used. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with HIV and to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). The 95% confidence interval (CI) is used for precision of estimates; p≤0.05 for statistical significance. A total of 343 participants were recruited. Most participants (n = 341 or 99.42%; CI: 97.91 – 99.93) knew their HIV status. The antenatal HIV prevalence was 38.19% (CI: 33.17 – 43.48). Participants older than 40 years were 3.99 and 3.81 times more likely to be HIV positive compared to teenagers (PR = 3.99; CI: 1.11 – 14.30; pstxvalue = 0.034) and those in the 20-29 age group (PR = 3.81; CI: 1.07 – 13.60; pstxvaluevalue = 0.039) respectively; and this was statistically significant. Unemployed participants were 34% (PR = 1.34; CI: 1.16 – 1.55; p-value less than 0.0001) and 41 percent (PR = 1.41; CI: 1.23 – 1.61; p-value less than 0.0001) more likely to be HIV positive when compared to tertiary students and self-employed individuals respectively. The antenatal HIV prevalence remains high and is increasing in this population. However, findings suggest a changing and maturing epidemic. , Thesis (MMED) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Sigovana, Khuthala
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3176 , vital:43182
- Description: Abstract text To effectively reduce HIV transmission to newborns requires a reduction of HIV prevalence among pregnant women and a full understanding of its epidemiology. There is however, a literature gap: few recent HIV studies focus on women attending antenatal care in rural areas in South Africa. A Cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal care in four Primary Care facilities was conducted. An interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics and medical history was used. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with HIV and to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). The 95% confidence interval (CI) is used for precision of estimates; p≤0.05 for statistical significance. A total of 343 participants were recruited. Most participants (n = 341 or 99.42%; CI: 97.91 – 99.93) knew their HIV status. The antenatal HIV prevalence was 38.19% (CI: 33.17 – 43.48). Participants older than 40 years were 3.99 and 3.81 times more likely to be HIV positive compared to teenagers (PR = 3.99; CI: 1.11 – 14.30; pstxvalue = 0.034) and those in the 20-29 age group (PR = 3.81; CI: 1.07 – 13.60; pstxvaluevalue = 0.039) respectively; and this was statistically significant. Unemployed participants were 34% (PR = 1.34; CI: 1.16 – 1.55; p-value less than 0.0001) and 41 percent (PR = 1.41; CI: 1.23 – 1.61; p-value less than 0.0001) more likely to be HIV positive when compared to tertiary students and self-employed individuals respectively. The antenatal HIV prevalence remains high and is increasing in this population. However, findings suggest a changing and maturing epidemic. , Thesis (MMED) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Experiences of female adolescents attending community health centres regarding the use of contraceptives in Buffalo City Health District
- Authors: Summerton, Glenda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Contraceptives -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality , Teenagers -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Attitudes Adolescence -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43968 , vital:37088
- Description: Family planning is a broad term that encompasses the provision of contraceptive methods to sexually active women or girls and includes fertility planning. Despite the widespread availability of knowledge about modern contraception, many young people do not use contraception or use it inconsistently and incorrectly. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of female adolescents attending community health centres regarding contraceptive usage. The study also intended to provide recommendations to the district health office and facility managers at community health centres regarding care and support of adolescents concerning their use of contraceptives. The study utilised a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research design. The target group comprised of female adolescents attending community health centres in Buffalo City Health District, for contraceptive and adolescentfriendly services. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select the community health centres in the study and the researcher used convenience sampling to select participants at each community health centre. The researcher used semi-structured interviews to interview the participants regarding their experiences of using contraceptives. Tesch’s thematic method of data analysis was used to analyse the data. The researcher adhered to all the ethical principles of the Belmont Report while conducting the study. The analysed data indicated the issue of access to contraceptives and their usage as a challenge to many female adolescents attending the community health centres in Buffalo City Municipality. Adolescents expressed a range of negative emotions regarding the consequences of not using contraceptives and some also complained about the side effects of using contraception. Some adolescents felt that nurses did not always provide them with quality care, while others experienced receiving patient-centred, holistic care from clinic nurses, as well as health education regarding contraceptive usage from nurses and life orientation teachers. However, female adolescents called for an increase in reproductive health education at clinics and hospitals. They also expressed the need for regular school involvement regarding the education of adolescents on the various aspects of contraceptive usage. Hence, it is hoped that the recommendations from this study will assist the DoH to better assist adolescent females with contraceptive usage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Summerton, Glenda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Contraceptives -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality , Teenagers -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Attitudes Adolescence -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43968 , vital:37088
- Description: Family planning is a broad term that encompasses the provision of contraceptive methods to sexually active women or girls and includes fertility planning. Despite the widespread availability of knowledge about modern contraception, many young people do not use contraception or use it inconsistently and incorrectly. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of female adolescents attending community health centres regarding contraceptive usage. The study also intended to provide recommendations to the district health office and facility managers at community health centres regarding care and support of adolescents concerning their use of contraceptives. The study utilised a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research design. The target group comprised of female adolescents attending community health centres in Buffalo City Health District, for contraceptive and adolescentfriendly services. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select the community health centres in the study and the researcher used convenience sampling to select participants at each community health centre. The researcher used semi-structured interviews to interview the participants regarding their experiences of using contraceptives. Tesch’s thematic method of data analysis was used to analyse the data. The researcher adhered to all the ethical principles of the Belmont Report while conducting the study. The analysed data indicated the issue of access to contraceptives and their usage as a challenge to many female adolescents attending the community health centres in Buffalo City Municipality. Adolescents expressed a range of negative emotions regarding the consequences of not using contraceptives and some also complained about the side effects of using contraception. Some adolescents felt that nurses did not always provide them with quality care, while others experienced receiving patient-centred, holistic care from clinic nurses, as well as health education regarding contraceptive usage from nurses and life orientation teachers. However, female adolescents called for an increase in reproductive health education at clinics and hospitals. They also expressed the need for regular school involvement regarding the education of adolescents on the various aspects of contraceptive usage. Hence, it is hoped that the recommendations from this study will assist the DoH to better assist adolescent females with contraceptive usage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Experiences of judicial officers’ inclusion of victim impact reports during the criminal justice process
- Authors: Phillips, Adelette
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Victim impact reports
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSW
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44676 , vital:38153
- Description: Judicial officers have a responsibility to bring about a victim-centred approach within the criminal justice system. Victims’ participation is promoted through inclusion of victim impact evidence; however, challenges are experienced in the criminal justice system. Victim impact reports, as an option to provide this evidence, are selectively requested by judicial officers. Underpinned by the General Theory of Victimology, this study explored the experiences of judicial officers’ inclusion of victim impact reports during the criminal justice process. Highlighting the factors that motivate the inclusion of these reports during the criminal justice process. This qualitative study employed an exploratory, descriptive, contextual design. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select magistrates and prosecutors to participate in individual semistructured interviews. Data collected was analysed using thematic data analysis and various data verification strategies were used to ensure trustworthiness of the findings. Judicial officers had positive and negative experiences of including victim impact reports. Most judicial officers are positively inclined to include victim impact reports as they provide insight into the harm or impact of the crime. This study contributed to a greater understanding of the internal and external factors that motivate judicial officers to include victim impact reports during the criminal justice process. The findings revealed that the lack of specialised victim services and victim service social workers are barriers to judicial officers embracing a victim-centred approach through the inclusion of victim impact reports. Victim services legislation must address the lack of victim services providers and acknowledge the statutory obligation of victim service social workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Phillips, Adelette
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Victim impact reports
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSW
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44676 , vital:38153
- Description: Judicial officers have a responsibility to bring about a victim-centred approach within the criminal justice system. Victims’ participation is promoted through inclusion of victim impact evidence; however, challenges are experienced in the criminal justice system. Victim impact reports, as an option to provide this evidence, are selectively requested by judicial officers. Underpinned by the General Theory of Victimology, this study explored the experiences of judicial officers’ inclusion of victim impact reports during the criminal justice process. Highlighting the factors that motivate the inclusion of these reports during the criminal justice process. This qualitative study employed an exploratory, descriptive, contextual design. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select magistrates and prosecutors to participate in individual semistructured interviews. Data collected was analysed using thematic data analysis and various data verification strategies were used to ensure trustworthiness of the findings. Judicial officers had positive and negative experiences of including victim impact reports. Most judicial officers are positively inclined to include victim impact reports as they provide insight into the harm or impact of the crime. This study contributed to a greater understanding of the internal and external factors that motivate judicial officers to include victim impact reports during the criminal justice process. The findings revealed that the lack of specialised victim services and victim service social workers are barriers to judicial officers embracing a victim-centred approach through the inclusion of victim impact reports. Victim services legislation must address the lack of victim services providers and acknowledge the statutory obligation of victim service social workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Experiences of judicial officers’ inclusion of victim impact reports during the criminal justice process
- Authors: Phillips, Adelette
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Victims of crimes , Social service -- Research Social service -- Admnistration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45064 , vital:38230
- Description: Judicial officers have a responsibility to bring about a victim-centred approach within the criminal justice system. Victims’ participation is promoted through inclusion of victim impact evidence; however, challenges are experienced in the criminal justice system. Victim impact reports, as an option to provide this evidence, are selectively requested by judicial officers. Underpinned by the General Theory of Victimology, this study explored the experiences of judicial officers’ inclusion of victim impact reports during the criminal justice process. Highlighting the factors that motivate the inclusion of these reports during the criminal justice process. This qualitative study employed an exploratory, descriptive, contextual design. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select magistrates and prosecutors to participate in individual semi-structured interviews. Data collected was analysed using thematic data analysis and various data verification strategies were used to ensure trustworthiness of the findings. Judicial officers had positive and negative experiences of including victim impact reports. Most judicial officers are positively inclined to include victim impact reports as they provide insight into the harm or impact of the crime. This study contributed to a greater understanding of the internal and external factors that motivate judicial officers to include victim impact reports during the criminal justice process. The findings revealed that the lack of specialised victim services and victim service social workers are barriers to judicial officers embracing a victim-centred approach through the inclusion of victim impact reports. Victim services legislation must address the lack of victim services providers and acknowledge the statutory obligation of victim service social workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Phillips, Adelette
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Victims of crimes , Social service -- Research Social service -- Admnistration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45064 , vital:38230
- Description: Judicial officers have a responsibility to bring about a victim-centred approach within the criminal justice system. Victims’ participation is promoted through inclusion of victim impact evidence; however, challenges are experienced in the criminal justice system. Victim impact reports, as an option to provide this evidence, are selectively requested by judicial officers. Underpinned by the General Theory of Victimology, this study explored the experiences of judicial officers’ inclusion of victim impact reports during the criminal justice process. Highlighting the factors that motivate the inclusion of these reports during the criminal justice process. This qualitative study employed an exploratory, descriptive, contextual design. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select magistrates and prosecutors to participate in individual semi-structured interviews. Data collected was analysed using thematic data analysis and various data verification strategies were used to ensure trustworthiness of the findings. Judicial officers had positive and negative experiences of including victim impact reports. Most judicial officers are positively inclined to include victim impact reports as they provide insight into the harm or impact of the crime. This study contributed to a greater understanding of the internal and external factors that motivate judicial officers to include victim impact reports during the criminal justice process. The findings revealed that the lack of specialised victim services and victim service social workers are barriers to judicial officers embracing a victim-centred approach through the inclusion of victim impact reports. Victim services legislation must address the lack of victim services providers and acknowledge the statutory obligation of victim service social workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Experiences of midwives regarding the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological labour pain interventions in Lejweleputswa district in Free State
- Parkies, Limakatso Elizabeth
- Authors: Parkies, Limakatso Elizabeth
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Anesthesia in obstetrics , Labor (Obstetrics) , Pain -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27187 , vital:66387
- Description: Due to the disabling effects of severe labour pains, labour pain management remains an important topic in midwifery and needs to be reviewed more often. According to studies, various pain relief options, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, are available to help women cope with pain, but midwives did not employ these techniques adequately because of various experiences. Studies further indicate that, though the limited number of these techniques were employed they were not effective on some women. Thus, the purpose of this research study was to explore and describe midwives’ experiences on pharmacological and non-pharmacological labour pain management in the Lejweleputswa District of the Free State Province. This study employed a qualitative, descriptive, explorative, and contextual design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. The target population was midwives who work in the maternity wards of the institutions under study with three to five years’ experience in midwifery. Individual, face-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted; these were recorded for the researcher’s reference purposes, so as not to overlook important information. In addition, the researcher made use of field notes, recording in them what was heard, observed, felt, experienced, and thought during the interview. Ethical principles and trustworthiness were maintained throughout this study. Data analysis was done using Tesch’s approach to open coding in qualitative research. Confidentiality and anonymity were ensured throughout the interviews. The nine themes and 19 sub-themes that emerged during data analysis were discussed comprehensively. The findings indicate that midwives use both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods in managing labour pain. Some methods are effective in relieving pain for certain mothers, while other methods proved ineffective. Midwives administer Pethidine and Phenergan as per doctors’ prescription; non-pharmacological methods, such as back massage, deep breathing exercises, mobilisation, and warm baths or showers are also employed. Midwives provide pharmacological methods to all women in labour, and routinely employ non-pharmacological methods. Although the midwives are willing to manage patients’ pain, they face certain challenges, such as shortage of staff, increased workload, as well as inadequate resources. This leads to inadequate provision of non-pharmacological care. In conclusion, the midwives’ experiences were that both pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques were used for all labouring women and they had relaxing and calming effects on some women, resulting to them giving birth with ease, although for some they were not effective. In addition, the pharmacological interventions caused drowsiness to some women and babies. The findings will provide evidence-based information to the Free State Department of Health in order to assist policymakers and stakeholders in initiating and developing appropriate policies, guidelines, and interventions that can improve labour pain management. The Free State Department of Health should consider using other opioids and non-opioids in managing labour pain to broaden the scope of pain relief methods available to the midwives. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Parkies, Limakatso Elizabeth
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Anesthesia in obstetrics , Labor (Obstetrics) , Pain -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27187 , vital:66387
- Description: Due to the disabling effects of severe labour pains, labour pain management remains an important topic in midwifery and needs to be reviewed more often. According to studies, various pain relief options, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, are available to help women cope with pain, but midwives did not employ these techniques adequately because of various experiences. Studies further indicate that, though the limited number of these techniques were employed they were not effective on some women. Thus, the purpose of this research study was to explore and describe midwives’ experiences on pharmacological and non-pharmacological labour pain management in the Lejweleputswa District of the Free State Province. This study employed a qualitative, descriptive, explorative, and contextual design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. The target population was midwives who work in the maternity wards of the institutions under study with three to five years’ experience in midwifery. Individual, face-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted; these were recorded for the researcher’s reference purposes, so as not to overlook important information. In addition, the researcher made use of field notes, recording in them what was heard, observed, felt, experienced, and thought during the interview. Ethical principles and trustworthiness were maintained throughout this study. Data analysis was done using Tesch’s approach to open coding in qualitative research. Confidentiality and anonymity were ensured throughout the interviews. The nine themes and 19 sub-themes that emerged during data analysis were discussed comprehensively. The findings indicate that midwives use both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods in managing labour pain. Some methods are effective in relieving pain for certain mothers, while other methods proved ineffective. Midwives administer Pethidine and Phenergan as per doctors’ prescription; non-pharmacological methods, such as back massage, deep breathing exercises, mobilisation, and warm baths or showers are also employed. Midwives provide pharmacological methods to all women in labour, and routinely employ non-pharmacological methods. Although the midwives are willing to manage patients’ pain, they face certain challenges, such as shortage of staff, increased workload, as well as inadequate resources. This leads to inadequate provision of non-pharmacological care. In conclusion, the midwives’ experiences were that both pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques were used for all labouring women and they had relaxing and calming effects on some women, resulting to them giving birth with ease, although for some they were not effective. In addition, the pharmacological interventions caused drowsiness to some women and babies. The findings will provide evidence-based information to the Free State Department of Health in order to assist policymakers and stakeholders in initiating and developing appropriate policies, guidelines, and interventions that can improve labour pain management. The Free State Department of Health should consider using other opioids and non-opioids in managing labour pain to broaden the scope of pain relief methods available to the midwives. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Experiences of psychologists working with female childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors
- Ntshangase, Nandisile Elaine
- Authors: Ntshangase, Nandisile Elaine
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Adult child sexual abuse victims -- Counseling of , Child sexual abuse , Sexually abused children , Psychologists , Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42694 , vital:36681
- Description: Clients who experienced childhood sexual abuse may interact with psychologists in compelling ways. By virtue of the symptoms and personality implications, for instance, strong patterns of borderline and histrionic personality functioning, have been linked to the history of sexual abuse. Implicit to this, is that it is likely that the client will challenge the therapist with regards to both the theoretical approach taken, as well as the therapeutic style adopted. In addition, such clients are likely to project their need for a therapeutic interaction that is both genuine, empathic and at the same time, flexible. In light of this, it is not uncommon for healthcare practitioners to consider such clients as “difficult” in some way or the other. This could impact the psychologist as well, increasing the risk of psychologist stress, frustration and burnout. This study explored South African psychologists’ experiences working therapeutically with female clients who experienced sexual abuse during childhood. The focus was on understanding how the psychologists theoretically understood and practically worked with these clients. A qualitative approach was used and interviews with psychologists practising in the Eastern Cape of South Africa were conducted. The transcripts of the semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed. The thematic analysis yielded three themes, namely, 1) challenges experienced by psychologists; 2) preferred approaches to therapy and 3) coping skills utilized. The study applied the ethical principles concerned with trustworthiness, credibility and reliability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Ntshangase, Nandisile Elaine
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Adult child sexual abuse victims -- Counseling of , Child sexual abuse , Sexually abused children , Psychologists , Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42694 , vital:36681
- Description: Clients who experienced childhood sexual abuse may interact with psychologists in compelling ways. By virtue of the symptoms and personality implications, for instance, strong patterns of borderline and histrionic personality functioning, have been linked to the history of sexual abuse. Implicit to this, is that it is likely that the client will challenge the therapist with regards to both the theoretical approach taken, as well as the therapeutic style adopted. In addition, such clients are likely to project their need for a therapeutic interaction that is both genuine, empathic and at the same time, flexible. In light of this, it is not uncommon for healthcare practitioners to consider such clients as “difficult” in some way or the other. This could impact the psychologist as well, increasing the risk of psychologist stress, frustration and burnout. This study explored South African psychologists’ experiences working therapeutically with female clients who experienced sexual abuse during childhood. The focus was on understanding how the psychologists theoretically understood and practically worked with these clients. A qualitative approach was used and interviews with psychologists practising in the Eastern Cape of South Africa were conducted. The transcripts of the semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed. The thematic analysis yielded three themes, namely, 1) challenges experienced by psychologists; 2) preferred approaches to therapy and 3) coping skills utilized. The study applied the ethical principles concerned with trustworthiness, credibility and reliability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Experiences of undergraduate diagnostic radiography students regarding assessor feedback during summative clinical assessments
- Authors: Hodgson, Hayley Dianne
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medical education , Teacher-student relationships Communication in education Mentoring in education Radiography, Medical -- Digital techniques
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42296 , vital:36643
- Description: Assessment and feedback are closely interlinked terms. High quality feedback within education and assessment can have a profound influence on learning. Summative clinical assessments and feedback, conducted in clinical training sites, are vital steps in successfully preparing an undergraduate diagnostic radiography student for the desired outcome of a competent, skilled diagnostic radiographer. Feedback has the potential to close the gap between a student’s actual clinical performance and desired clinical performance. Despite the importance of feedback, students across the globe, particularly in the health professions, are dissatisfied with the current feedback systems. Failure to provide effective feedback within the clinical context can be detrimental to patient safety because students have a false impression of their clinical skills and competencies. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of undergraduate diagnostic radiography students regarding assessor feedback during summative clinical assessments. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research design was used to gain in-depth knowledge of the experiences of undergraduate diagnostic radiography students regarding assessor feedback during summative clinical assessments. Data were gathered from students by means of semi-structured focus group interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and coded using Tesch’s eight steps. Two principle themes emerged from the data analysis. Theme 1 unpacked whether an assessor is an ally or foe. Theme 2 focussed on key elements that influence the nature of the feedback process. There were various positive experiences regarding assessor feedback during the summative clinical assessments reported by the participants. However, they were dissatisfied with numerous aspects of assessor feedback during their summative clinical assessments and this subsequently impeded their learning experience. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical research practices governed this research study. Based on the findings, the recommendations include that the higher education institution, clinical supervisors, and radiography students, should utilise feedback as a learning tool for skills development during summative clinical assesssments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Hodgson, Hayley Dianne
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medical education , Teacher-student relationships Communication in education Mentoring in education Radiography, Medical -- Digital techniques
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42296 , vital:36643
- Description: Assessment and feedback are closely interlinked terms. High quality feedback within education and assessment can have a profound influence on learning. Summative clinical assessments and feedback, conducted in clinical training sites, are vital steps in successfully preparing an undergraduate diagnostic radiography student for the desired outcome of a competent, skilled diagnostic radiographer. Feedback has the potential to close the gap between a student’s actual clinical performance and desired clinical performance. Despite the importance of feedback, students across the globe, particularly in the health professions, are dissatisfied with the current feedback systems. Failure to provide effective feedback within the clinical context can be detrimental to patient safety because students have a false impression of their clinical skills and competencies. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of undergraduate diagnostic radiography students regarding assessor feedback during summative clinical assessments. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research design was used to gain in-depth knowledge of the experiences of undergraduate diagnostic radiography students regarding assessor feedback during summative clinical assessments. Data were gathered from students by means of semi-structured focus group interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and coded using Tesch’s eight steps. Two principle themes emerged from the data analysis. Theme 1 unpacked whether an assessor is an ally or foe. Theme 2 focussed on key elements that influence the nature of the feedback process. There were various positive experiences regarding assessor feedback during the summative clinical assessments reported by the participants. However, they were dissatisfied with numerous aspects of assessor feedback during their summative clinical assessments and this subsequently impeded their learning experience. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical research practices governed this research study. Based on the findings, the recommendations include that the higher education institution, clinical supervisors, and radiography students, should utilise feedback as a learning tool for skills development during summative clinical assesssments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Experiences of young adults living with type 1 diabetes mellitus regarding self-management and lifestyle adaptation in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District
- Fayindlala, Meliswa Theodora
- Authors: Fayindlala, Meliswa Theodora
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Diabetes -- Treatment , Diabetes Lifestyles -- Health aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39818 , vital:35476
- Description: Living with type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which is a challenging disease, is especially difficult during the young adult stage of development. This developmental stage is characterised as complex; difficult even for healthy individuals. There is an estimated worldwide increase of 415 million young adults living with T1DM, and this number is projected to rise to 642 million by 2040. Recent statistics indicate that this increase holds true for South Africa. T1DM has an early onset and is treated with insulin injections up to four (4) times a day. The management of T1DM is best achieved through self-management of an individual living with the disease as well as support from the health care providers, community, and the family. Young adults living with T1DM experience difficulties maintaining optimal blood glucose levels, ranging between four (4) and seven (7) millimoles, during this stressful transition period from childhood to young adulthood. Transitional actions include moving away from home for the first time to study at a tertiary institution, joining the work-force, or entering new relationships, such as getting married and becoming a parent. This phenomenon motivated the researcher to explore and describe the experiences of young adults living with T1DM regarding self-management and lifestyle-adaptation. The study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design. The research population included young adults living with T1DM between the ages of 18 and 25 years in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District, attending a diabetic clinic at a public tertiary hospital. Purposive sampling was utilised to select the 11 participants. A pilot study was conducted with one (1) participant before the main study commenced to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. The researcher obtained data through semi-structured one-on-one interviews. Tesch’s method was used to analyse the research data. Once data were analysed; the findings underwent literature control. Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness was utilised to ensure that the study was trustworthy and credible which consists of the following four criteria: credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. Ethical principles such as autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and justice were considered throughout the study to ensure that participants do not experience any violations during the research study. The results of the data analysis revealed the following main findings: Participants had negative experiences in relation to T1DM. Participants shared their experiences in relation to achieving self-management of T1DM. Recommendations were made to assist registered nurses to manage young adults living with T1DM adequately. The study achieved its intended objective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Fayindlala, Meliswa Theodora
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Diabetes -- Treatment , Diabetes Lifestyles -- Health aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39818 , vital:35476
- Description: Living with type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which is a challenging disease, is especially difficult during the young adult stage of development. This developmental stage is characterised as complex; difficult even for healthy individuals. There is an estimated worldwide increase of 415 million young adults living with T1DM, and this number is projected to rise to 642 million by 2040. Recent statistics indicate that this increase holds true for South Africa. T1DM has an early onset and is treated with insulin injections up to four (4) times a day. The management of T1DM is best achieved through self-management of an individual living with the disease as well as support from the health care providers, community, and the family. Young adults living with T1DM experience difficulties maintaining optimal blood glucose levels, ranging between four (4) and seven (7) millimoles, during this stressful transition period from childhood to young adulthood. Transitional actions include moving away from home for the first time to study at a tertiary institution, joining the work-force, or entering new relationships, such as getting married and becoming a parent. This phenomenon motivated the researcher to explore and describe the experiences of young adults living with T1DM regarding self-management and lifestyle-adaptation. The study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design. The research population included young adults living with T1DM between the ages of 18 and 25 years in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District, attending a diabetic clinic at a public tertiary hospital. Purposive sampling was utilised to select the 11 participants. A pilot study was conducted with one (1) participant before the main study commenced to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. The researcher obtained data through semi-structured one-on-one interviews. Tesch’s method was used to analyse the research data. Once data were analysed; the findings underwent literature control. Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness was utilised to ensure that the study was trustworthy and credible which consists of the following four criteria: credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. Ethical principles such as autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and justice were considered throughout the study to ensure that participants do not experience any violations during the research study. The results of the data analysis revealed the following main findings: Participants had negative experiences in relation to T1DM. Participants shared their experiences in relation to achieving self-management of T1DM. Recommendations were made to assist registered nurses to manage young adults living with T1DM adequately. The study achieved its intended objective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Exploring cultural understandings of traumatic stress among the Amaxhosa traditional healers in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mlonyeni, Makhi
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Herbalists -- Psychological aspects Herbalists -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45042 , vital:38228
- Description: Psychology is an essentially Eurocentric discipline. In a world that is becoming progressively aware, tolerant and accepting of differences among people, there is growing interest to challenge and amend psychological constructs that are unfairly generalized universally. Literature abounds with appeals for more research to be conducted on nonwestern cultures so that scholars can be at a better position to ‘decolonise’ the PTSD diagnosis as they will then have an improved understanding of understudied non-western societies. The Eastern Cape province of South Africa is home to the AmaXhosa tribe, the second largest ethnic group in the country. This study seeks to explore indigenous understandings and coping strategies of these people in regards to traumatic exposure. This is done through gaining insights of AmaXhosa traditional healers- Amagqirha (Diviners) and AmaXhwele (Herbalists). A sample of eight participants is sourced from Grahamstown (Makhanda) and the rural areas of Peddie (Ngqushwa). Through the use of two case studies that are presented and open ended follow up questions, the traditional healers relate their perspectives on how they interpret symptoms of psychological trauma and the strategies they employ to facilitate coping/healing of their clients in their context. It was discovered that traditional healers perceived traumatic events as phenomena that befalls only those that are spiritually vulnerable, either due to strained relationships with their ancestors, bewitchment by an enemy or jealous person or simply torment by a wandering wicked spirit. Rituals and practices of how to combat this vulnerability are then outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mlonyeni, Makhi
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Herbalists -- Psychological aspects Herbalists -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45042 , vital:38228
- Description: Psychology is an essentially Eurocentric discipline. In a world that is becoming progressively aware, tolerant and accepting of differences among people, there is growing interest to challenge and amend psychological constructs that are unfairly generalized universally. Literature abounds with appeals for more research to be conducted on nonwestern cultures so that scholars can be at a better position to ‘decolonise’ the PTSD diagnosis as they will then have an improved understanding of understudied non-western societies. The Eastern Cape province of South Africa is home to the AmaXhosa tribe, the second largest ethnic group in the country. This study seeks to explore indigenous understandings and coping strategies of these people in regards to traumatic exposure. This is done through gaining insights of AmaXhosa traditional healers- Amagqirha (Diviners) and AmaXhwele (Herbalists). A sample of eight participants is sourced from Grahamstown (Makhanda) and the rural areas of Peddie (Ngqushwa). Through the use of two case studies that are presented and open ended follow up questions, the traditional healers relate their perspectives on how they interpret symptoms of psychological trauma and the strategies they employ to facilitate coping/healing of their clients in their context. It was discovered that traditional healers perceived traumatic events as phenomena that befalls only those that are spiritually vulnerable, either due to strained relationships with their ancestors, bewitchment by an enemy or jealous person or simply torment by a wandering wicked spirit. Rituals and practices of how to combat this vulnerability are then outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Exploring cultural understandings of traumatic stress among the amaXhosa traditional healers in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mlonyeni, Makhi
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Traditional healers -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44692 , vital:38147
- Description: Psychology is an essentially Eurocentric discipline. In a world that is becoming progressively aware, tolerant and accepting of differences among people, there is growing interest to challenge and amend psychological constructs that are unfairly generalised universally. Literature abounds with appeals for more research to be conducted on non-western cultures so that scholars can be at a better position to ‘decolonise’ the PTSD diagnosis as they will then have an improved understanding of understudied non-western societies. The Eastern Cape province of South Africa is home to the AmaXhosa tribe, the second largest ethnic group in the country. This study seeks to explore indigenous understandings and coping strategies of these people in regards to traumatic exposure. This is done through gaining insights of AmaXhosa traditional healers- Amagqirha (Diviners) and AmaXhwele (Herbalists). A sample of eight participants is sourced from Grahamstown (Makhanda) and the rural areas of Peddie (Ngqushwa). Through the use of two case studies that are presented and open ended follow up questions, the traditional healers relate their perspectives on how they interpret symptoms of psychological trauma and the strategies they employ to facilitate coping/healing of their clients in their context. It was discovered that traditional healers perceived traumatic events as phenomena that befalls only those that are spiritually vulnerable, either due to strained relationships with their ancestors, bewitchment by an enemy or jealous person or simply torment by a wandering wicked spirit. Rituals and practices of how to combat this vulnerability are then outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mlonyeni, Makhi
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Traditional healers -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44692 , vital:38147
- Description: Psychology is an essentially Eurocentric discipline. In a world that is becoming progressively aware, tolerant and accepting of differences among people, there is growing interest to challenge and amend psychological constructs that are unfairly generalised universally. Literature abounds with appeals for more research to be conducted on non-western cultures so that scholars can be at a better position to ‘decolonise’ the PTSD diagnosis as they will then have an improved understanding of understudied non-western societies. The Eastern Cape province of South Africa is home to the AmaXhosa tribe, the second largest ethnic group in the country. This study seeks to explore indigenous understandings and coping strategies of these people in regards to traumatic exposure. This is done through gaining insights of AmaXhosa traditional healers- Amagqirha (Diviners) and AmaXhwele (Herbalists). A sample of eight participants is sourced from Grahamstown (Makhanda) and the rural areas of Peddie (Ngqushwa). Through the use of two case studies that are presented and open ended follow up questions, the traditional healers relate their perspectives on how they interpret symptoms of psychological trauma and the strategies they employ to facilitate coping/healing of their clients in their context. It was discovered that traditional healers perceived traumatic events as phenomena that befalls only those that are spiritually vulnerable, either due to strained relationships with their ancestors, bewitchment by an enemy or jealous person or simply torment by a wandering wicked spirit. Rituals and practices of how to combat this vulnerability are then outlined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Exploring mythical creatures and their influence on mental health amongst black South Africans residing in rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Sibam, Zimkhitha
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Supernatural beliefs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44717 , vital:38150
- Description: In various cultures, supernatural beliefs abound and influence individuals through mythical ideas and figures. In South Africa and other parts of the world, mythical creatures are held accountable for terrorising individuals and instilling fear or, held accountable for a host of psychosocial experiences. For example, the tokoloshe is a mythical creature whose very name raises fear and suspicion amongst many Black South Africans. Using community narratives, this study explored the potential influence of the belief in mythical creatures, specifically the tokoloshe on mental health and well - being in rural communities in South Africa (SA). This understanding is considered important given the existing gap in the literature focussing on supernatural beliefs and their influence on mental health which resonates with a current movement in SA focusing on the transformation of psychology considering the need to transform and contextualise the relevance of psychology to population groups in SA, understanding supernatural cultural beliefs becomes important. This study employed a qualitative design and the participants were purposively sampled from rural communities in the Eastern Cape (EC) Province. Four focus group discussions consisting of five to six participants in each were conducted, with the central aim of exploring the potential mental health implications of the belief in mythical creatures. The following ethical considerations were adhered to whilst conducting the study; informed consent, voluntary participation, anonymity ad confidentiality and doing no harm to participants. In this study thematic content analysis was used following Braun and Clarkes (2013) analytical steps. Participants suggested that a strong cultural belief in the existence and reality of the tokoloshe exists and described the tokoloshe as a short and hairy male who sexually assaults women mostly in their sleep and causes people to disappear, only to be found dead. Amongst other things, the tokoloshe is believed to be responsible for psychological, social and physical experiences like, misfortune, possession, numbness and fatigue. The tokoloshe is suggested by the participants as causing Running Head: EXPLORATION OF MYTHICAL CREATURES AND MENTAL HEALTH 9 fear influencing an individual’s psychosocial and emotional well - being. Traditional healers and prophets were further suggested as the most likely to be consulted if the above symptoms were experienced, rather than a psychologist. The findings of the study suggests that supernatural beliefs currently influence the understanding and treatment of a variety of experiences and that unless psychological science begins to incorporate such beliefs into its therapeutic modalities, as a discipline it may not adequately provide services to a diverse population group. Future research should consider exploring role of mythical creatures specifically the tokoloshe on mental illness, with the aim of identifying ways of incorporating such beliefs into psychological interventions. Future studies could consider exploring community narratives of mythical creatures, specifically the tokoloshe on different cultures within South Africa, to compare the differences and similarities. The study also identified several interesting themes, including the potential violence against women, from the tokoloshe. While these narratives were a reflection of personal experience and belief, the implication this poses to the psychology of gender and violence must be explored further.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Sibam, Zimkhitha
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Supernatural beliefs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44717 , vital:38150
- Description: In various cultures, supernatural beliefs abound and influence individuals through mythical ideas and figures. In South Africa and other parts of the world, mythical creatures are held accountable for terrorising individuals and instilling fear or, held accountable for a host of psychosocial experiences. For example, the tokoloshe is a mythical creature whose very name raises fear and suspicion amongst many Black South Africans. Using community narratives, this study explored the potential influence of the belief in mythical creatures, specifically the tokoloshe on mental health and well - being in rural communities in South Africa (SA). This understanding is considered important given the existing gap in the literature focussing on supernatural beliefs and their influence on mental health which resonates with a current movement in SA focusing on the transformation of psychology considering the need to transform and contextualise the relevance of psychology to population groups in SA, understanding supernatural cultural beliefs becomes important. This study employed a qualitative design and the participants were purposively sampled from rural communities in the Eastern Cape (EC) Province. Four focus group discussions consisting of five to six participants in each were conducted, with the central aim of exploring the potential mental health implications of the belief in mythical creatures. The following ethical considerations were adhered to whilst conducting the study; informed consent, voluntary participation, anonymity ad confidentiality and doing no harm to participants. In this study thematic content analysis was used following Braun and Clarkes (2013) analytical steps. Participants suggested that a strong cultural belief in the existence and reality of the tokoloshe exists and described the tokoloshe as a short and hairy male who sexually assaults women mostly in their sleep and causes people to disappear, only to be found dead. Amongst other things, the tokoloshe is believed to be responsible for psychological, social and physical experiences like, misfortune, possession, numbness and fatigue. The tokoloshe is suggested by the participants as causing Running Head: EXPLORATION OF MYTHICAL CREATURES AND MENTAL HEALTH 9 fear influencing an individual’s psychosocial and emotional well - being. Traditional healers and prophets were further suggested as the most likely to be consulted if the above symptoms were experienced, rather than a psychologist. The findings of the study suggests that supernatural beliefs currently influence the understanding and treatment of a variety of experiences and that unless psychological science begins to incorporate such beliefs into its therapeutic modalities, as a discipline it may not adequately provide services to a diverse population group. Future research should consider exploring role of mythical creatures specifically the tokoloshe on mental illness, with the aim of identifying ways of incorporating such beliefs into psychological interventions. Future studies could consider exploring community narratives of mythical creatures, specifically the tokoloshe on different cultures within South Africa, to compare the differences and similarities. The study also identified several interesting themes, including the potential violence against women, from the tokoloshe. While these narratives were a reflection of personal experience and belief, the implication this poses to the psychology of gender and violence must be explored further.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Exploring Mythical creatures and their influence on mental health amongst black South Africans residing in rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Sibam, Zimkhitha
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Mental health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mythology Cultural psychiatry Psychiatry, Transcultural
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45075 , vital:38231
- Description: In various cultures, supernatural beliefs abound and influence individuals through mythical ideas and figures. In South Africa and other parts of the world, mythical creatures are held accountable for terrorising individuals and instilling fear or, held accountable for a host of psychosocial experiences. For example, the tokoloshe is a mythical creature whose very name raises fear and suspicion amongst many Black South Africans. Using community narratives, this study explored the potential influence of the belief in mythical creatures, specifically the tokoloshe on mental health and well-being in rural communities in South Africa (SA). This understanding is considered important given the existing gap in the literature focussing on supernatural beliefs and their influence on mental health which resonates with a current movement in SA focusing on the transformation of psychology. Considering the need to transform and contextualise the relevance of psychology to population groups in SA, understanding supernatural cultural beliefs becomes important. This study employed a qualitative design and the participants were purposively sampled from rural communities in the Eastern Cape (EC) Province. Four focus group discussions consisting of five to six participants in each were conducted, with the central aim of exploring the potential mental health implications of the belief in mythical creatures. The following ethical considerations were adhered to whilst conducting the study; informed consent, voluntary participation, anonymity ad confidentiality and doing no harm to participants. In this study thematic content analysis was used following Braun and Clarkes (2013) analytical steps. Participants suggested that a strong cultural belief in the existence and reality of the tokoloshe exists and described the tokoloshe as a short and hairy male who sexually assaults women mostly in their sleep and causes people to disappear, only to be found dead. Amongst other things, the tokoloshe is believed to be responsible for psychological, social and physical experiences like, misfortune, possession, numbness and fatigue. The tokoloshe is suggested by the participants as causing fear influencing an individual’s psychosocial and emotional well-being. Traditional healers and prophets were further suggested as the most likely to be consulted if the above symptoms were experienced, rather than a psychologist. The findings of the study suggests that supernatural beliefs currently influence the understanding and treatment of a variety of experiences and that unless psychological science begins to incorporate such beliefs into its therapeutic modalities, as a discipline it may not adequately provide services to a diverse population group. Future research should consider exploring role of mythical creatures specifically the tokoloshe on mental illness, with the aim of identifying ways of incorporating such beliefs into psychological interventions. Future studies could consider exploring community narratives of mythical creatures, specifically the tokoloshe on different cultures within South Africa, to compare the differences and similarities. The study also identified several interesting themes, including the potential violence against women, from the tokoloshe. While these narratives were a reflection of personal experience and belief, the implication this poses to the psychology of gender and violence must be explored further.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Sibam, Zimkhitha
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Mental health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mythology Cultural psychiatry Psychiatry, Transcultural
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45075 , vital:38231
- Description: In various cultures, supernatural beliefs abound and influence individuals through mythical ideas and figures. In South Africa and other parts of the world, mythical creatures are held accountable for terrorising individuals and instilling fear or, held accountable for a host of psychosocial experiences. For example, the tokoloshe is a mythical creature whose very name raises fear and suspicion amongst many Black South Africans. Using community narratives, this study explored the potential influence of the belief in mythical creatures, specifically the tokoloshe on mental health and well-being in rural communities in South Africa (SA). This understanding is considered important given the existing gap in the literature focussing on supernatural beliefs and their influence on mental health which resonates with a current movement in SA focusing on the transformation of psychology. Considering the need to transform and contextualise the relevance of psychology to population groups in SA, understanding supernatural cultural beliefs becomes important. This study employed a qualitative design and the participants were purposively sampled from rural communities in the Eastern Cape (EC) Province. Four focus group discussions consisting of five to six participants in each were conducted, with the central aim of exploring the potential mental health implications of the belief in mythical creatures. The following ethical considerations were adhered to whilst conducting the study; informed consent, voluntary participation, anonymity ad confidentiality and doing no harm to participants. In this study thematic content analysis was used following Braun and Clarkes (2013) analytical steps. Participants suggested that a strong cultural belief in the existence and reality of the tokoloshe exists and described the tokoloshe as a short and hairy male who sexually assaults women mostly in their sleep and causes people to disappear, only to be found dead. Amongst other things, the tokoloshe is believed to be responsible for psychological, social and physical experiences like, misfortune, possession, numbness and fatigue. The tokoloshe is suggested by the participants as causing fear influencing an individual’s psychosocial and emotional well-being. Traditional healers and prophets were further suggested as the most likely to be consulted if the above symptoms were experienced, rather than a psychologist. The findings of the study suggests that supernatural beliefs currently influence the understanding and treatment of a variety of experiences and that unless psychological science begins to incorporate such beliefs into its therapeutic modalities, as a discipline it may not adequately provide services to a diverse population group. Future research should consider exploring role of mythical creatures specifically the tokoloshe on mental illness, with the aim of identifying ways of incorporating such beliefs into psychological interventions. Future studies could consider exploring community narratives of mythical creatures, specifically the tokoloshe on different cultures within South Africa, to compare the differences and similarities. The study also identified several interesting themes, including the potential violence against women, from the tokoloshe. While these narratives were a reflection of personal experience and belief, the implication this poses to the psychology of gender and violence must be explored further.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Exploring Teacher Assessment Practices in The General Education and Training Level in Junior Secondary Schools in Mthatha Education District
- Authors: Novukela, Cawe Sandys
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3460 , vital:43409
- Description: Diabetes mellitus is one of the largest and most important public health emergencies of our time that has resulted in human suffering and huge financial implications for organisations, governments and individuals (IDF Atlas, 2015). Furthermore there is growing evidence that a number of employees are overstretched in their work environments and this has resulted in stress and burnout (McCormack and Cotter, 2013). This study investigated the effects of diabetes mellitus on burnout among WSU employees as well as the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and burnout. A mixed method research design using quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed in order to explore the effects of diabetes on burnout as well as the prevalence of diabetes and burnout at WSU. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather quantitative data and semi-structured interviews were used for the qualitative data collection. A total number of 169 participants were involved in this study. This included 154 participants and 15 participants who were selected for the quantitative and qualitative respectively using random sampling technique and purposive sampling method. The quantitative data was analysed using Stata version 13. The study findings indicated that the prevalence of diabetes at WSU was 16% and 57% participants were burned out. It was further found that the majority of participants (58%) who were diabetic also suffered from burnout. The relationship between diabetes and burnout was found to be significant. Qualitative data analysis involved coding data and analysing the emerging themes to form the basis of the findings. The results of the study found an emerging problem of high level of burnout and also a significant number of employees who were diabetic. A combination of these two conditions poses a challenge to the continued uninterrupted functioning of WSU. It is recommended that the university should educate its employees about diabetes and burnout as well as create an environment that promotes healthy lifestyle. A model has been developed that could help deal with diabetes and burnout. , Thesis - Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Novukela, Cawe Sandys
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3460 , vital:43409
- Description: Diabetes mellitus is one of the largest and most important public health emergencies of our time that has resulted in human suffering and huge financial implications for organisations, governments and individuals (IDF Atlas, 2015). Furthermore there is growing evidence that a number of employees are overstretched in their work environments and this has resulted in stress and burnout (McCormack and Cotter, 2013). This study investigated the effects of diabetes mellitus on burnout among WSU employees as well as the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and burnout. A mixed method research design using quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed in order to explore the effects of diabetes on burnout as well as the prevalence of diabetes and burnout at WSU. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather quantitative data and semi-structured interviews were used for the qualitative data collection. A total number of 169 participants were involved in this study. This included 154 participants and 15 participants who were selected for the quantitative and qualitative respectively using random sampling technique and purposive sampling method. The quantitative data was analysed using Stata version 13. The study findings indicated that the prevalence of diabetes at WSU was 16% and 57% participants were burned out. It was further found that the majority of participants (58%) who were diabetic also suffered from burnout. The relationship between diabetes and burnout was found to be significant. Qualitative data analysis involved coding data and analysing the emerging themes to form the basis of the findings. The results of the study found an emerging problem of high level of burnout and also a significant number of employees who were diabetic. A combination of these two conditions poses a challenge to the continued uninterrupted functioning of WSU. It is recommended that the university should educate its employees about diabetes and burnout as well as create an environment that promotes healthy lifestyle. A model has been developed that could help deal with diabetes and burnout. , Thesis - Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Growing up with a parent who has a mental illness: exploring the development of resilience
- Authors: Hannie, Robyn
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Psychology, Applied , Developmental psychology Mentally ill -- Family relationships Parenting -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42320 , vital:36645
- Description: Mental illnesses are one of the world’s greatest health challenges and fall amongst the top ten contributing factors to disability. However, mental health has been one of the least prioritised health issues. Mental illness has major implications on the economy of the country, health services as well as on the quality of patients’ lives, their relatives and society. According to research studies, parental pathology has been identified as an adversarial life experience. Despite the risks associated with growing up with a parent who has a mental illness, some individuals still function well. Current understanding of resilience is that it is a dynamic bidirectional process that is influenced, developed or constructed by individuals in relation to their environment. The understanding of resilience in this context is crucial to foster the development of resilience in young people in similar contexts. This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences and development of resilience in individuals raised by a parent who has a mental illness. It attempted to do so by conducting seven face-to-face individual interviews. Qualitative methods and specifically thematic analysis was utilised to explore participants’ development of resilience in the context of parental mental illness. The findings are represented by four broad themes: challenges of growing up with a parent who has a mental illness, social support, mental health literacy and coping strategies that helped to develop resilience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Hannie, Robyn
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Psychology, Applied , Developmental psychology Mentally ill -- Family relationships Parenting -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42320 , vital:36645
- Description: Mental illnesses are one of the world’s greatest health challenges and fall amongst the top ten contributing factors to disability. However, mental health has been one of the least prioritised health issues. Mental illness has major implications on the economy of the country, health services as well as on the quality of patients’ lives, their relatives and society. According to research studies, parental pathology has been identified as an adversarial life experience. Despite the risks associated with growing up with a parent who has a mental illness, some individuals still function well. Current understanding of resilience is that it is a dynamic bidirectional process that is influenced, developed or constructed by individuals in relation to their environment. The understanding of resilience in this context is crucial to foster the development of resilience in young people in similar contexts. This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences and development of resilience in individuals raised by a parent who has a mental illness. It attempted to do so by conducting seven face-to-face individual interviews. Qualitative methods and specifically thematic analysis was utilised to explore participants’ development of resilience in the context of parental mental illness. The findings are represented by four broad themes: challenges of growing up with a parent who has a mental illness, social support, mental health literacy and coping strategies that helped to develop resilience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Isixhosa speaking biological fathers’ perceptions and experiences of parental alienation
- Mokolobate, Motshabi Catherine
- Authors: Mokolobate, Motshabi Catherine
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Parental alienation syndrome , Fatherhood -- Psychological aspects Father and Child -- Psychological aspects Parenting -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45053 , vital:38229
- Description: There has been a positive shift in South African laws advocating for children and father’s rights to parent-child relationships. Children often get caught in the middle of their parents’ enduring battles and acrimonious separations or divorces frequently resulting in loss of contact with one parent. The term parental alienation is used to describe this phenomenon. Parental alienation can take many forms with the common thread being the negative impact that it has on the parent-child relationship and an increase in father absenteeism. The psychological effects of absent fathers on children and single parenthood are significant and contribute to social ailments such as substance abuse, violence and abuse. Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of parental alienation on children; however, there is limited research on how fathers experience parental alienation and how it shapes their perception of fatherhood. This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions and experiences of fathers who have experienced parental alienation. A purposive sampling method was utilized using 6 participants who were sourced from a male-focused NGO in Zwide Township in the Port Elizabeth Metropolitan area. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured audio taped interviews. Transcribed data was analysed by means of thematic analysis following Guba’s Model of Trustworthiness as a guide for data verification. All necessary ethical considerations were adhered to. Four themes emerged from the study. Participants understood and experienced parental alienation as unjust and painful; parental alienation was perceived as complex and challenging; upbringing influenced their paternal involvement and finally parental alienation affected their perception of fatherhood and their construction of paternal identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mokolobate, Motshabi Catherine
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Parental alienation syndrome , Fatherhood -- Psychological aspects Father and Child -- Psychological aspects Parenting -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45053 , vital:38229
- Description: There has been a positive shift in South African laws advocating for children and father’s rights to parent-child relationships. Children often get caught in the middle of their parents’ enduring battles and acrimonious separations or divorces frequently resulting in loss of contact with one parent. The term parental alienation is used to describe this phenomenon. Parental alienation can take many forms with the common thread being the negative impact that it has on the parent-child relationship and an increase in father absenteeism. The psychological effects of absent fathers on children and single parenthood are significant and contribute to social ailments such as substance abuse, violence and abuse. Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of parental alienation on children; however, there is limited research on how fathers experience parental alienation and how it shapes their perception of fatherhood. This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions and experiences of fathers who have experienced parental alienation. A purposive sampling method was utilized using 6 participants who were sourced from a male-focused NGO in Zwide Township in the Port Elizabeth Metropolitan area. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured audio taped interviews. Transcribed data was analysed by means of thematic analysis following Guba’s Model of Trustworthiness as a guide for data verification. All necessary ethical considerations were adhered to. Four themes emerged from the study. Participants understood and experienced parental alienation as unjust and painful; parental alienation was perceived as complex and challenging; upbringing influenced their paternal involvement and finally parental alienation affected their perception of fatherhood and their construction of paternal identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
IsiXhosa speaking biological fathers’ perceptions and experiences of parental alienation
- Mokolobate, Motshabi Catherine
- Authors: Mokolobate, Motshabi Catherine
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Parental alienation -- Psychological effects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44587 , vital:38148
- Description: There has been a positive shift in South African laws advocating for children and father’s rights to parent-child relationships. Children often get caught in the middle of their parents’ enduring battles and acrimonious separations or divorces frequently resulting in loss of contact with one parent. The term parental alienation is used to describe this phenomenon. Parental alienation can take many forms with the common thread being the negative impact that it has on the parent-child relationship and an increase in father absenteeism. The psychological effects of absent fathers on children and single parenthood are significant and contribute to social ailments such as substance abuse, violence and abuse. Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of parental alienation on children; however, there is limited research on how fathers experience parental alienation and how it shapes their perception of fatherhood. This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions and experiences of fathers who have experienced parental alienation. A purposive sampling method was utilized using 6 participants who were sourced from a male-focused NGO in Zwide Township in the Port Elizabeth Metropolitan area. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured audio taped interviews. Transcribed data was analysed by means of thematic analysis following Guba’s Model of Trustworthiness as a guide for data verification. All necessary ethical considerations were adhered to. Four themes emerged from the study. Participants understood and experienced parental alienation as unjust and painful; parental alienation was perceived as complex and challenging; upbringing influenced their paternal involvement and finally parental alienation affected their perception of fatherhood and their construction of paternal identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mokolobate, Motshabi Catherine
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Parental alienation -- Psychological effects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44587 , vital:38148
- Description: There has been a positive shift in South African laws advocating for children and father’s rights to parent-child relationships. Children often get caught in the middle of their parents’ enduring battles and acrimonious separations or divorces frequently resulting in loss of contact with one parent. The term parental alienation is used to describe this phenomenon. Parental alienation can take many forms with the common thread being the negative impact that it has on the parent-child relationship and an increase in father absenteeism. The psychological effects of absent fathers on children and single parenthood are significant and contribute to social ailments such as substance abuse, violence and abuse. Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of parental alienation on children; however, there is limited research on how fathers experience parental alienation and how it shapes their perception of fatherhood. This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions and experiences of fathers who have experienced parental alienation. A purposive sampling method was utilized using 6 participants who were sourced from a male-focused NGO in Zwide Township in the Port Elizabeth Metropolitan area. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured audio taped interviews. Transcribed data was analysed by means of thematic analysis following Guba’s Model of Trustworthiness as a guide for data verification. All necessary ethical considerations were adhered to. Four themes emerged from the study. Participants understood and experienced parental alienation as unjust and painful; parental alienation was perceived as complex and challenging; upbringing influenced their paternal involvement and finally parental alienation affected their perception of fatherhood and their construction of paternal identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Knowledge and attitudes of women towards companionship during labour and childbirth at midwife obstetric units
- Authors: Sogcwayi, Lulama Princess
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Childbirth -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Childbirth -- Psychological aspects , Neonatal nursing , Midwifery , Obstetrics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44023 , vital:37093
- Description: Companions provide support to women during the antenatal, labour, delivery and post-natal period. During labour and delivery women experience much pain as well as fear, tension and anxiety. Companionship during labour and childbirth can take the form of physical, emotional and psychological support provided by a loved one. Literature suggests that companionship during labour and delivery has a positive influence on women’s birth experiences and improves neonatal outcomes and breastfeeding. Despite the benefits of companionship, however, it is still found to be an uncommon practice in the midwife obstetric units (MOUs) in South Africa and elsewhere. The objectives of the study were to determine: the knowledge of women regarding companionship during labour and childbirth at MOU facilities in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD) and the attitudes of women towards companionship during labour and childbirth at MOU facilities in the NMBHD.bmake recommendations to the NMBHD and MOU managers in order to enhance the practice of companionship during labour and childbirth. Ethical approval and permission were obtained from the relevant authorities prior to commencement of data collection of the study. Convenience sampling was used to select women from the target population. The research design was quantitative and descriptive. Questionnaires were used to collect data from delivered women at the five MOUs in the NMBHD. Data was collected from 130 delivered women at the five MOUs in the NMBHD between 4th December and 31st December 2018. Descriptive statistical analyses were utilised to analyse the collected data. Most delivered women 65.4% at MOUs in the NMBHD indicated they had knowledge about companionship during labour and childbirth. Majority of women 77.6% perceived companionship during labour and childbirth to be of importance. Some women were not aware of the purpose of companions as most women 39.2% disagreed that companions shorten length of labour, 45.8% agreed that companions monitor the progress of labour, 32.3% agreed that companions conduct deliveries. Most women 77.7% disagreed that companions as unhelpful, 65.4% are disruptive and 81.6% are affected by culture. However, 46.2% of the women in the study had no companion present during labour and childbirth, 56.2% preferred the presence of a female companion. Conclusions were made based on the research findings, that there is a need to educate and increase awareness to women regarding companionship during labour and childbirth so that they are more knowledgeable, and in order to strengthen the practice of companionship. Recommendations were made for more educational programmes to be available in antenatal services to increase awareness and enhance knowledge of women about companionship during labour and childbirth. Health educators need to conduct seminars, regular in-service training and include the concept of companions in the curriculum for midwifery students. Policies should be made available in the MOUs regarding companions, brochures or leaflets should also be available and accessible in all languages for the community to enhance awareness on the benefits of having a companion. Maternity registers should include information about companions in order to monitor the practice of companionship at the MOUs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Sogcwayi, Lulama Princess
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Childbirth -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Childbirth -- Psychological aspects , Neonatal nursing , Midwifery , Obstetrics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44023 , vital:37093
- Description: Companions provide support to women during the antenatal, labour, delivery and post-natal period. During labour and delivery women experience much pain as well as fear, tension and anxiety. Companionship during labour and childbirth can take the form of physical, emotional and psychological support provided by a loved one. Literature suggests that companionship during labour and delivery has a positive influence on women’s birth experiences and improves neonatal outcomes and breastfeeding. Despite the benefits of companionship, however, it is still found to be an uncommon practice in the midwife obstetric units (MOUs) in South Africa and elsewhere. The objectives of the study were to determine: the knowledge of women regarding companionship during labour and childbirth at MOU facilities in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD) and the attitudes of women towards companionship during labour and childbirth at MOU facilities in the NMBHD.bmake recommendations to the NMBHD and MOU managers in order to enhance the practice of companionship during labour and childbirth. Ethical approval and permission were obtained from the relevant authorities prior to commencement of data collection of the study. Convenience sampling was used to select women from the target population. The research design was quantitative and descriptive. Questionnaires were used to collect data from delivered women at the five MOUs in the NMBHD. Data was collected from 130 delivered women at the five MOUs in the NMBHD between 4th December and 31st December 2018. Descriptive statistical analyses were utilised to analyse the collected data. Most delivered women 65.4% at MOUs in the NMBHD indicated they had knowledge about companionship during labour and childbirth. Majority of women 77.6% perceived companionship during labour and childbirth to be of importance. Some women were not aware of the purpose of companions as most women 39.2% disagreed that companions shorten length of labour, 45.8% agreed that companions monitor the progress of labour, 32.3% agreed that companions conduct deliveries. Most women 77.7% disagreed that companions as unhelpful, 65.4% are disruptive and 81.6% are affected by culture. However, 46.2% of the women in the study had no companion present during labour and childbirth, 56.2% preferred the presence of a female companion. Conclusions were made based on the research findings, that there is a need to educate and increase awareness to women regarding companionship during labour and childbirth so that they are more knowledgeable, and in order to strengthen the practice of companionship. Recommendations were made for more educational programmes to be available in antenatal services to increase awareness and enhance knowledge of women about companionship during labour and childbirth. Health educators need to conduct seminars, regular in-service training and include the concept of companions in the curriculum for midwifery students. Policies should be made available in the MOUs regarding companions, brochures or leaflets should also be available and accessible in all languages for the community to enhance awareness on the benefits of having a companion. Maternity registers should include information about companions in order to monitor the practice of companionship at the MOUs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019