Employee motivation, workplace surveillance and employee engagement among selected Zimbabwe revenue authority employees
- Tsvangirai, Fidelis Pedzisai
- Authors: Tsvangirai, Fidelis Pedzisai
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Employee motivation Employee motivation--Zimbabwe Organizational effectiveness--Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Industrial Psychology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17384 , vital:40961
- Description: Orientation: The study is located in the micro environmental circumstances in Zimbabwe where the size of the informal sector is overtaking that of the formal sector. The country is experiencing a high labour turnover averaging at 19percent per year due to an unstable economic setting. The Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) is experiencing an employee engagement score as low as 2.1 out of 5. This low employee engagement level and high labour turnover call for employers to find strategies not only to keep their employees motivated and engaged but also to monitor how they work. Research purpose: The study sought to examine how employee motivation mediates between workplace surveillance and employee engagement among selected employees at the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA). Motivation of the study: Public organisations often face the criticism that they do not deliver the quality of service expected and one in every five of their employees is disengaged from their work. ZIMRA’s mandate has a significant impact on the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and the organisation needs to deliver against all odds. Currently no research exists which provides information on the mediating effect of employee motivation on the relationship between workplace surveillance and employee engagement in Zimbabwe. Research philosophy, design and method: This study adopted the positivism research philosophy and a survey research design, which is quantitative and descriptive in nature. The study utilised the principles of structural equation modelling (SEM) in formulating the research hypotheses and in data analysis. Main findings: The findings of the study, through utilising SEM, were that a negative relationship exists between workplace surveillance and employee engagement and that employee motivation has a positive significant relationship with employee engagement. The study also found that workplace surveillance positively relates to employee motivation. The study also found that employee motivation partially mediates the relationship between workplace surveillance and employee engagement. Practical/Managerial implications: A negative relationship between workplace surveillance and employee engagement calls for ZIMRA management to seek employee buy-in when implementing workplace surveillance measures. A positive relationship between employee motivation and employee engagement calls for ZIMRA management to invest much in these two variables. A positive relationship between workplace surveillance and employee motivation calls for ZIMRA management to put in place policies that ensure employees do not abuse work time by doing their own business. Contribution or value-add: The study contributes to the body of knowledge on the debate around the impact of employee motivation as a mediator of the relationship between workplace surveillance and employee engagement. This study agree with the vast amount of literature that the relationship between workplace surveillance and employee motivation is not always negative.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Tsvangirai, Fidelis Pedzisai
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Employee motivation Employee motivation--Zimbabwe Organizational effectiveness--Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Industrial Psychology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17384 , vital:40961
- Description: Orientation: The study is located in the micro environmental circumstances in Zimbabwe where the size of the informal sector is overtaking that of the formal sector. The country is experiencing a high labour turnover averaging at 19percent per year due to an unstable economic setting. The Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) is experiencing an employee engagement score as low as 2.1 out of 5. This low employee engagement level and high labour turnover call for employers to find strategies not only to keep their employees motivated and engaged but also to monitor how they work. Research purpose: The study sought to examine how employee motivation mediates between workplace surveillance and employee engagement among selected employees at the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA). Motivation of the study: Public organisations often face the criticism that they do not deliver the quality of service expected and one in every five of their employees is disengaged from their work. ZIMRA’s mandate has a significant impact on the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and the organisation needs to deliver against all odds. Currently no research exists which provides information on the mediating effect of employee motivation on the relationship between workplace surveillance and employee engagement in Zimbabwe. Research philosophy, design and method: This study adopted the positivism research philosophy and a survey research design, which is quantitative and descriptive in nature. The study utilised the principles of structural equation modelling (SEM) in formulating the research hypotheses and in data analysis. Main findings: The findings of the study, through utilising SEM, were that a negative relationship exists between workplace surveillance and employee engagement and that employee motivation has a positive significant relationship with employee engagement. The study also found that workplace surveillance positively relates to employee motivation. The study also found that employee motivation partially mediates the relationship between workplace surveillance and employee engagement. Practical/Managerial implications: A negative relationship between workplace surveillance and employee engagement calls for ZIMRA management to seek employee buy-in when implementing workplace surveillance measures. A positive relationship between employee motivation and employee engagement calls for ZIMRA management to invest much in these two variables. A positive relationship between workplace surveillance and employee motivation calls for ZIMRA management to put in place policies that ensure employees do not abuse work time by doing their own business. Contribution or value-add: The study contributes to the body of knowledge on the debate around the impact of employee motivation as a mediator of the relationship between workplace surveillance and employee engagement. This study agree with the vast amount of literature that the relationship between workplace surveillance and employee motivation is not always negative.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Ethnicity, conflict and the developmental state in Rwanda
- Authors: Muleya, Emmison
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Rwanda -- Politics and government -- 1994- Rwanda -- Politics and government -- 1962-1994 Rwanda -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Development Studies)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10083 , vital:35334
- Description: Socioeconomic development is a crucial means of improving standards of living and increasing the incomes of developing countries. This study is premised upon the assumption that the concepts of the developmental state and socioeconomic development are inextricably interrelated. The concept of a developmental state has gained a significant amount of traction in both academic and non-academic circles in recent times. This study took the form of a case study of Rwanda and its developmental trajectory since the country gained independence in 1962. By adopting a historical approach, this study determined that the factors which continue to retard socioeconomic development in post-colonial and post-genocide Rwanda are rooted in a lingering colonial legacy. Although Rwanda has achieved a significant degree of socioeconomic development since 1994, the sustainability of the nascent developmental state which appears to be emerging could still be undermined by ethnic divisions. Accordingly, it was recommended on the basis of the findings of this study that the Rwandan state and its development partners should pursue transformative socioeconomic policies which ensure an equitable distribution of socioeconomic resources, in order to facilitate the creation of an enabling environment for local entrepreneurs and a reduction of dependence upon foreign aid through the effective mobilisation of domestic resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Muleya, Emmison
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Rwanda -- Politics and government -- 1994- Rwanda -- Politics and government -- 1962-1994 Rwanda -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Development Studies)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10083 , vital:35334
- Description: Socioeconomic development is a crucial means of improving standards of living and increasing the incomes of developing countries. This study is premised upon the assumption that the concepts of the developmental state and socioeconomic development are inextricably interrelated. The concept of a developmental state has gained a significant amount of traction in both academic and non-academic circles in recent times. This study took the form of a case study of Rwanda and its developmental trajectory since the country gained independence in 1962. By adopting a historical approach, this study determined that the factors which continue to retard socioeconomic development in post-colonial and post-genocide Rwanda are rooted in a lingering colonial legacy. Although Rwanda has achieved a significant degree of socioeconomic development since 1994, the sustainability of the nascent developmental state which appears to be emerging could still be undermined by ethnic divisions. Accordingly, it was recommended on the basis of the findings of this study that the Rwandan state and its development partners should pursue transformative socioeconomic policies which ensure an equitable distribution of socioeconomic resources, in order to facilitate the creation of an enabling environment for local entrepreneurs and a reduction of dependence upon foreign aid through the effective mobilisation of domestic resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Examination of the capacity of Limpopo water services authorities in providing access to clean drinking water and decent sanitation
- Pilusa,Kgoshi Kgashane Lucas
- Authors: Pilusa,Kgoshi Kgashane Lucas
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Municipal water supply Sanitation, Rural
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13932 , vital:39728
- Description: This study analysed the capacity of Limpopo Water Services Authorities in providing access to clean drinking water and decent sanitation. The study raised issues of the state of access to clean drinkable water and decent sanitation through the prism of the municipality and the community. Arguably, the provision of water and sanitation services collapsed, at the level of local government, during the Jacob Zuma administration, because of the escalation of violent service delivery protests due to poor administration and management. It was discovered that all Water Services Authorities owe the Department of Water Affairs exorbitant amounts of money, well into the range of millions of Rands. This prompted the Water Boards to issue threats that they would limit the provision of bulk water. Such austerity measures compromised citizens who regularly pay for the services provided; hence, it sparked violent protests. One of the major drawbacks of the current institutional arrangements arose from the overlapping mandates of the Department of Water Affairs, Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Water Services Authorities, Local Municipalities and the Department of Human Settlements. Consequently, the structural design of the intergovernmental system should enforce synergy between all water and sanitation units. The reports produced by all units must be scrutinised, debated and followed through. The study was anchored in a qualitative research design, grounded in the descriptive approach. Interviews were conducted to acquire information from politicians, administrators and community members. It was discovered that there were no skilled personnel in Water Services Authorities and Water Service Providers and, as such, institutional capacity was in disarray. More importantly, during the interviews conducted for this study, it surfaced that financial mismanagement in all municipalities is conspicuously unacceptable, especially unauthorised, irregular and fruitless expenditures. These situations prevailed under the supervision of the well-established oversight institutions that were tasked to enhance the monitoring and evaluation for good governance, such as The Auditor General of South Africa, the Human Rights Commission and the Public Protector. Professionalism and quality performance remain at a low point, with no improvement in service provision. Therefore, radical enforcement of monitoring and evaluation through Auditor General of South Africa, Human Rights Commission and Public Protector, amongst others, is critical to any attempt to disrupt the status v quo. In addition, the appointment of the heads of these oversight institutions must be removed from the Presidency and be made by the Chief Justice. The encounters confronting Water Services Authorities and Water Service Providers are complex and may not be resolved by the government alone, without the participation of the private sector and other actors such as Civil Society Organisations, the business community and public entities. Therefore, an area for further research could be an examination of attempts to introduce effective integrated water and sanitation governance structures, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, under robust public scrutiny in order to inform immediate and long-term interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Pilusa,Kgoshi Kgashane Lucas
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Municipal water supply Sanitation, Rural
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13932 , vital:39728
- Description: This study analysed the capacity of Limpopo Water Services Authorities in providing access to clean drinking water and decent sanitation. The study raised issues of the state of access to clean drinkable water and decent sanitation through the prism of the municipality and the community. Arguably, the provision of water and sanitation services collapsed, at the level of local government, during the Jacob Zuma administration, because of the escalation of violent service delivery protests due to poor administration and management. It was discovered that all Water Services Authorities owe the Department of Water Affairs exorbitant amounts of money, well into the range of millions of Rands. This prompted the Water Boards to issue threats that they would limit the provision of bulk water. Such austerity measures compromised citizens who regularly pay for the services provided; hence, it sparked violent protests. One of the major drawbacks of the current institutional arrangements arose from the overlapping mandates of the Department of Water Affairs, Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Water Services Authorities, Local Municipalities and the Department of Human Settlements. Consequently, the structural design of the intergovernmental system should enforce synergy between all water and sanitation units. The reports produced by all units must be scrutinised, debated and followed through. The study was anchored in a qualitative research design, grounded in the descriptive approach. Interviews were conducted to acquire information from politicians, administrators and community members. It was discovered that there were no skilled personnel in Water Services Authorities and Water Service Providers and, as such, institutional capacity was in disarray. More importantly, during the interviews conducted for this study, it surfaced that financial mismanagement in all municipalities is conspicuously unacceptable, especially unauthorised, irregular and fruitless expenditures. These situations prevailed under the supervision of the well-established oversight institutions that were tasked to enhance the monitoring and evaluation for good governance, such as The Auditor General of South Africa, the Human Rights Commission and the Public Protector. Professionalism and quality performance remain at a low point, with no improvement in service provision. Therefore, radical enforcement of monitoring and evaluation through Auditor General of South Africa, Human Rights Commission and Public Protector, amongst others, is critical to any attempt to disrupt the status v quo. In addition, the appointment of the heads of these oversight institutions must be removed from the Presidency and be made by the Chief Justice. The encounters confronting Water Services Authorities and Water Service Providers are complex and may not be resolved by the government alone, without the participation of the private sector and other actors such as Civil Society Organisations, the business community and public entities. Therefore, an area for further research could be an examination of attempts to introduce effective integrated water and sanitation governance structures, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, under robust public scrutiny in order to inform immediate and long-term interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Livelihood strategies determinants and ranking across times : evidence from Eastern Cape
- Authors: Sikhunyana, Zintle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Households Rural development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15079 , vital:40161
- Description: The existing literature has acknowledged that analysis of livelihood strategies is more important for rural development policy and also that livelihood strategies are at the centre of development. Persistent challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequality have called for a need to understand livelihood patterns of poor households as to effectively address these socio-economic issues in rural areas. The study aimed to identify determinants of livelihood strategies and to identify livelihood strategies that are superior to others in the rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa for the years 2002-2014. The study used multinomial logistic regression to identify the determinants of livelihood strategies. The findings showed that: age of household head, gender of household head, dwelling type, household size, number of economically active members, size of land that the household uses, and access to electricity statistically determine livelihood strategies of the poor in rural Eastern Cape. With regards to ranking, the study used dominance tests such as the Kruskal-Wallis test and also used one way between groups ANOVA with the post hoc test for additional information. The results from the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that remittances are superior livelihood strategies, and the results from one-way between groups ANOVA with post hoc showed that sales of farm products and services dominate other strategies. Restrictions on land conservation, and promotion of sustainable development have constrained rural households from freely using land in pursuit of their goals. The government needs to reconcile the policy amendments for land use. Furthermore, social grants alone are not sufficient to meet the needs of the poor; there should be alternative strategies on how to take the poor out of poverty.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Sikhunyana, Zintle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Households Rural development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15079 , vital:40161
- Description: The existing literature has acknowledged that analysis of livelihood strategies is more important for rural development policy and also that livelihood strategies are at the centre of development. Persistent challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequality have called for a need to understand livelihood patterns of poor households as to effectively address these socio-economic issues in rural areas. The study aimed to identify determinants of livelihood strategies and to identify livelihood strategies that are superior to others in the rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa for the years 2002-2014. The study used multinomial logistic regression to identify the determinants of livelihood strategies. The findings showed that: age of household head, gender of household head, dwelling type, household size, number of economically active members, size of land that the household uses, and access to electricity statistically determine livelihood strategies of the poor in rural Eastern Cape. With regards to ranking, the study used dominance tests such as the Kruskal-Wallis test and also used one way between groups ANOVA with the post hoc test for additional information. The results from the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that remittances are superior livelihood strategies, and the results from one-way between groups ANOVA with post hoc showed that sales of farm products and services dominate other strategies. Restrictions on land conservation, and promotion of sustainable development have constrained rural households from freely using land in pursuit of their goals. The government needs to reconcile the policy amendments for land use. Furthermore, social grants alone are not sufficient to meet the needs of the poor; there should be alternative strategies on how to take the poor out of poverty.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Macro-prudential banking regulation, interest rate spread and the conduct of monetary policy in South Africa
- Shayanewako,Varaidzo Batsirai
- Authors: Shayanewako,Varaidzo Batsirai
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Monetary policy Economic stabilization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Com
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/14093 , vital:39843
- Description: The joint implementation of macro-prudential regulatory and monetary policies is necessary for modern banking systems not only to achieve optimal interest rate spread but to cushion the economy against the catastrophic effects of systemic risk. Therefore, the understanding of the interconnection between macroprudential regulation, interest rate spread and monetary policy, supported with empirical evidence, enables economies to build health and sound financial systems and achieve desirable growth rates. Thus, this study utilises the Vector Error Correction (VEC) mechanism to empirically investigate the interconnection between macro-prudential regulation, interest rate spread and monetary policy in South Africa. Quarterly time series data for the period from 1994 to 2016 was employed with the New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (NKDSGE) model as the framework for analysis. The findings of this study suggest that a negative relationship exists between interest rate spread, macro-prudential regulation and monetary policy in South Africa. Moreover, the systems equation provided evidence that a short run causality running from macroprudential regulation to monetary policy is prevalent in South Africa. The empirical model of the study was found to be desirable as evidence of no serial correlation, no ARCH effect and non-normality in residuals was detected. Evidence from this study further suggest that interest rate spread has a dampening effect on monetary policy, but in the long-run this effect seems reversible in South Africa. As a result, this study recommends that caution should be taken on the appropriate selection of measures of macro-prudential regulation and its tool-kit as it can be used to disguise the symptoms of a lax monetary policy. This implies that the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) should sternly supervise and regulate the extension of credit by commercial banks in line with its inflation targeting monetary policy rule in order to achieve financial stability and ensure optimal interest rate spread that can stimulate the economy to growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Shayanewako,Varaidzo Batsirai
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Monetary policy Economic stabilization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Com
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/14093 , vital:39843
- Description: The joint implementation of macro-prudential regulatory and monetary policies is necessary for modern banking systems not only to achieve optimal interest rate spread but to cushion the economy against the catastrophic effects of systemic risk. Therefore, the understanding of the interconnection between macroprudential regulation, interest rate spread and monetary policy, supported with empirical evidence, enables economies to build health and sound financial systems and achieve desirable growth rates. Thus, this study utilises the Vector Error Correction (VEC) mechanism to empirically investigate the interconnection between macro-prudential regulation, interest rate spread and monetary policy in South Africa. Quarterly time series data for the period from 1994 to 2016 was employed with the New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (NKDSGE) model as the framework for analysis. The findings of this study suggest that a negative relationship exists between interest rate spread, macro-prudential regulation and monetary policy in South Africa. Moreover, the systems equation provided evidence that a short run causality running from macroprudential regulation to monetary policy is prevalent in South Africa. The empirical model of the study was found to be desirable as evidence of no serial correlation, no ARCH effect and non-normality in residuals was detected. Evidence from this study further suggest that interest rate spread has a dampening effect on monetary policy, but in the long-run this effect seems reversible in South Africa. As a result, this study recommends that caution should be taken on the appropriate selection of measures of macro-prudential regulation and its tool-kit as it can be used to disguise the symptoms of a lax monetary policy. This implies that the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) should sternly supervise and regulate the extension of credit by commercial banks in line with its inflation targeting monetary policy rule in order to achieve financial stability and ensure optimal interest rate spread that can stimulate the economy to growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Monetary policy credibility, exchange rate pass through and inflation in South Africa
- Authors: Bom, Sandisiwe Abongile
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rates -- South Africa Monetary policy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13303 , vital:39632
- Description: The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) implemented inflation targeting as a monetary policy framework in 2000 with the aim of achieving low and stable price associated with economic growth. However, the period in which the framework was implemented is characterised by periods of price instability and low economic growth. This contradicts the view of different views in the literature that indicates that inflation targeting ensures low inflation rates. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the nexus between monetary policy credibility, exchange rate pass-through and inflation in South Africa. The study employed the Johansen co-integration test, Vector error correction modelling (VECM) techniques, impulse response and variance decomposition for the period from 2000 to 2017 using quarterly data. The Johansen cointegration indicated that there was a long-term relationship between the variables of interest. The VECM was estimated together with the impulse response and variance decomposition. The empirical results indicated that the variables utilised in the study are positively related. Impulse response functions also proved that in the long run, changes in consumer prices are a result of fluctuations in oil prices and the repo rate. It is evident that consumer prices (inflation) are positively related to changes in exchange rates and monetary policy credibility. Thus, the study recommends that changes in the exchange rate must be considered when implementing the monetary policy as the prices move in the same direction as changes in the NEER. Further, the lack of monetary policy credibility seems to be an issue for monetary authorities as there is supposed to be an inverse relationship among the CPI and MPCRED, which is opposed by the study. Additionally, the results also indicate that the repo rate is positively related to the consumer price and this opposes previous literature. Thus, recommending that the SARB needs to evaluate the monetary policy or the inflation targeting framework to ensure they achieve credibility
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bom, Sandisiwe Abongile
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rates -- South Africa Monetary policy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13303 , vital:39632
- Description: The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) implemented inflation targeting as a monetary policy framework in 2000 with the aim of achieving low and stable price associated with economic growth. However, the period in which the framework was implemented is characterised by periods of price instability and low economic growth. This contradicts the view of different views in the literature that indicates that inflation targeting ensures low inflation rates. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the nexus between monetary policy credibility, exchange rate pass-through and inflation in South Africa. The study employed the Johansen co-integration test, Vector error correction modelling (VECM) techniques, impulse response and variance decomposition for the period from 2000 to 2017 using quarterly data. The Johansen cointegration indicated that there was a long-term relationship between the variables of interest. The VECM was estimated together with the impulse response and variance decomposition. The empirical results indicated that the variables utilised in the study are positively related. Impulse response functions also proved that in the long run, changes in consumer prices are a result of fluctuations in oil prices and the repo rate. It is evident that consumer prices (inflation) are positively related to changes in exchange rates and monetary policy credibility. Thus, the study recommends that changes in the exchange rate must be considered when implementing the monetary policy as the prices move in the same direction as changes in the NEER. Further, the lack of monetary policy credibility seems to be an issue for monetary authorities as there is supposed to be an inverse relationship among the CPI and MPCRED, which is opposed by the study. Additionally, the results also indicate that the repo rate is positively related to the consumer price and this opposes previous literature. Thus, recommending that the SARB needs to evaluate the monetary policy or the inflation targeting framework to ensure they achieve credibility
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Non-farm enterprises and rural development in South Africa : a case of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Dapira, Clarah
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Rural development--South Africa--Eastern Cape--Case studies Rural development--South Africa South Africa--Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Development Studies
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15463 , vital:40410
- Description: There is growing recognition that the limited success in rural development policies in many developing countries, including South Africa, is mainly a result of the failure to conceptualize such interventions beyond agriculture and incorporate non-farm enterprises into the mix. Non-farm enterprises are increasingly viewed as having the potential to become one of the drivers of rural development. However, it is an area that remains poorly documented and dimly understood as it has received limited scholarly attention in recent years. The study was carried out in the rural areas of Port St John’s Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study was premised on the assumption that non-farm enterprises have the potential to become one of the drivers of rural development in terms of employment creation, income generation and diversification of the rural economy. The thesis demonstrates that the hope that non-farm enterprises can add value to the rural economy in terms of creating the much needed employment opportunities is still a goal to be realised. Nevertheless, the income generated by these enterprises is contributing immensely to household welfare, especially improving accessibility to food by poor households. The study recommends the implementation of tailor made capacity building and training programmes aimed at enhancing the skills of rural artisans. This is an area that requires state-mediated intervention to augment the rural economy in order to redress the uneven development of the past.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dapira, Clarah
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Rural development--South Africa--Eastern Cape--Case studies Rural development--South Africa South Africa--Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Development Studies
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15463 , vital:40410
- Description: There is growing recognition that the limited success in rural development policies in many developing countries, including South Africa, is mainly a result of the failure to conceptualize such interventions beyond agriculture and incorporate non-farm enterprises into the mix. Non-farm enterprises are increasingly viewed as having the potential to become one of the drivers of rural development. However, it is an area that remains poorly documented and dimly understood as it has received limited scholarly attention in recent years. The study was carried out in the rural areas of Port St John’s Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study was premised on the assumption that non-farm enterprises have the potential to become one of the drivers of rural development in terms of employment creation, income generation and diversification of the rural economy. The thesis demonstrates that the hope that non-farm enterprises can add value to the rural economy in terms of creating the much needed employment opportunities is still a goal to be realised. Nevertheless, the income generated by these enterprises is contributing immensely to household welfare, especially improving accessibility to food by poor households. The study recommends the implementation of tailor made capacity building and training programmes aimed at enhancing the skills of rural artisans. This is an area that requires state-mediated intervention to augment the rural economy in order to redress the uneven development of the past.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Psychological capital, psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour among nurses in public hospitals in Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Chamisa, Shingirayi Florence
- Authors: Chamisa, Shingirayi Florence
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Organizational behavior--South Africa Nurses--Employment--South Africa--Eastern Cape Organizational effectiveness--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Industrial Psychology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15441 , vital:40408
- Description: The current task environment in the South African public hospitals has reconfirmed the importance of researching on the psychological environment and its influence on individual employee performance. The motivation of this study is to examine the relationship between psychological capital and psychological empowerment on the one hand and organisational citizenship behaviour on the other hand among nurses within selected public hospitals in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This contributes to the theoretical conceptual knowledge on how performance can be enhanced through the appropriate provision of psychological resources in the workplace and the promotion of competence, efficiency and sustainability of organisations. Survey questionnaires were used to collect data. Inferential analysis from SPSS was carried out to understand the antecedents and consequences of organisation citizenship behaviour. An overall model of the study was also identified through AMOS using structural equation modeling. Findings from the selected South African public hospitals indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between psychological capital and psychological empowerment on the one hand and organisational citizenship behaviour on the other hand among nurses within the selected public hospitals. The results validate certain aspects of the Conservative frame work and the Job Demands Resources Model. The study recommends that hospital managers and supervisors should determine the social networks in their hospitals as a strategy to promote performance and organisational citizenship behaviour. Individual employees who are located at the fringes of the network must be recognised and empowered. This allows for the comparison evaluation of both individual and organisational characteristics on organisational citizenship behaviour and the promotion of slack resources which are important in maintaining a steady organisational performance which further widens organisational capacity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chamisa, Shingirayi Florence
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Organizational behavior--South Africa Nurses--Employment--South Africa--Eastern Cape Organizational effectiveness--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Industrial Psychology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15441 , vital:40408
- Description: The current task environment in the South African public hospitals has reconfirmed the importance of researching on the psychological environment and its influence on individual employee performance. The motivation of this study is to examine the relationship between psychological capital and psychological empowerment on the one hand and organisational citizenship behaviour on the other hand among nurses within selected public hospitals in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This contributes to the theoretical conceptual knowledge on how performance can be enhanced through the appropriate provision of psychological resources in the workplace and the promotion of competence, efficiency and sustainability of organisations. Survey questionnaires were used to collect data. Inferential analysis from SPSS was carried out to understand the antecedents and consequences of organisation citizenship behaviour. An overall model of the study was also identified through AMOS using structural equation modeling. Findings from the selected South African public hospitals indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between psychological capital and psychological empowerment on the one hand and organisational citizenship behaviour on the other hand among nurses within the selected public hospitals. The results validate certain aspects of the Conservative frame work and the Job Demands Resources Model. The study recommends that hospital managers and supervisors should determine the social networks in their hospitals as a strategy to promote performance and organisational citizenship behaviour. Individual employees who are located at the fringes of the network must be recognised and empowered. This allows for the comparison evaluation of both individual and organisational characteristics on organisational citizenship behaviour and the promotion of slack resources which are important in maintaining a steady organisational performance which further widens organisational capacity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Rural-urban migration and its impact on rural development in Nigeria
- Authors: Abizu, Odion Stanley
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Rural development Rural-urban migration -- Nigeria Rural poor
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13815 , vital:39714
- Description: This thesis focuses on the developmental impact of rural-urban migration in Nigeria. While, recognising the negative impact of rural-urban migration, the study argues that in order to benefit internal migrants as well as rural development, there must be a paradigm shift to focus on how the benefits of migration on development can be achieved. It is proposed that rural-urban migration occurs as a response to economic, education, health, social and environmental factors. The challenges confronting rural areas are urban bias development paradigm pursued by the successive governments resulting in rural underdevelopment that exacerbates the rural urban disparity. And the neglect of agriculture in rural areas resulting from the discovery of oil in Nigeria. The study revealed that flawed policies adopted by successive Nigerian governments led to joblessness, entrenched social inequality and opportunities. One of the outcomes of these short-sighted policies was rural underdevelopment, which accelerated rural-urban migration in Nigeria. However, the study also demonstrates that the income flows from the migrants to the various rural households has contributed to improvement in the living standard of the households. The fragmentary approaches to rural development that is currently the case in Nigeria would not generate the required level of development and growth needed in the rural communities to improve the living standard. Thus, there is need for a policy framework in Nigeria, which would encourage the private sector to play a vital role in contributing their part in the provision of infrastructural facilities in the rural communities. Although this thesis is a case study of the impact of rural-urban migration on rural development in Nigeria, it can serve to appreciate the role migration can play in promoting development both in rural and urban areas in Nigeria and other Saharan Africa countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Abizu, Odion Stanley
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Rural development Rural-urban migration -- Nigeria Rural poor
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13815 , vital:39714
- Description: This thesis focuses on the developmental impact of rural-urban migration in Nigeria. While, recognising the negative impact of rural-urban migration, the study argues that in order to benefit internal migrants as well as rural development, there must be a paradigm shift to focus on how the benefits of migration on development can be achieved. It is proposed that rural-urban migration occurs as a response to economic, education, health, social and environmental factors. The challenges confronting rural areas are urban bias development paradigm pursued by the successive governments resulting in rural underdevelopment that exacerbates the rural urban disparity. And the neglect of agriculture in rural areas resulting from the discovery of oil in Nigeria. The study revealed that flawed policies adopted by successive Nigerian governments led to joblessness, entrenched social inequality and opportunities. One of the outcomes of these short-sighted policies was rural underdevelopment, which accelerated rural-urban migration in Nigeria. However, the study also demonstrates that the income flows from the migrants to the various rural households has contributed to improvement in the living standard of the households. The fragmentary approaches to rural development that is currently the case in Nigeria would not generate the required level of development and growth needed in the rural communities to improve the living standard. Thus, there is need for a policy framework in Nigeria, which would encourage the private sector to play a vital role in contributing their part in the provision of infrastructural facilities in the rural communities. Although this thesis is a case study of the impact of rural-urban migration on rural development in Nigeria, it can serve to appreciate the role migration can play in promoting development both in rural and urban areas in Nigeria and other Saharan Africa countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Social Media Conspicuous Consumptive Behaviour and Consumers’ Purchase Intentions of Luxury Goods
- Authors: Madzunya, Ntsundeni
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Consumer behavior -- South Africa Social media -- Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Business Management)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13524 , vital:39676
- Description: Social media has grown to such a large extent that it has become a primary source of information among consumers online. The impact of the growth of popular social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram have allowed for interest in consumer online behaviour to increase. There is no specific social media model that can be used as a tool to understand its use and influence on conspicuous online consumption behaviour. The study aimed to develop and apply a model used to understand consumer behaviour in order to enhance the use of the communication landscape as a means to drive purchase intentions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social media conspicuous consumptive behaviour on intention to purchase luxury goods. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of conspicuous consumptive behaviour facilitated by Instagram and Facebook on potential buyers’ intention to purchase luxury goods. The study also determined if Instagram and Facebook usage intensity has an influence on conspicuous consumptive behaviour. In addition, the study also examined the relationship between Instagram and Facebook eWOM credibility and conspicuous consumptive behaviour. The study was underpinned by a positivist paradigm, a quantitative approach and the appropriate descriptive research design. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. An online survey was conducted to collect primary data, through the use of a questionnaire developed from previous studies. The questionnaire was administered online through the Survey Monkey platform to a total of 364 respondents. Analysis and interpretation of findings was done using both the descriptive and inferential statistical measures, with the help of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) 24 and Lisrel (version 9). The scales adopted for the study consisted of eight constructs, Instagram usage intensity, Instagram eWOM credibility, Instagram conspicuous consumptive behaviour, Instagram intention to purchase luxury goods, Facebook usage intensity, Facebook eWOM credibility, Facebook conspicuous consumptive behaviour, Facebook intention to purchase luxury goods. All the scales used in this study were found to be reliable and valid. ii Based on the 364 responses, the study found a positive relationship between both Facebook and Instagram usage intensity and conspicuous consumptive behaviour. Conversely, results showed that eWOM credibility on both Facebook and Instagram had no relationship with conspicuous consumptive behaviour. Lastly, Instagram conspicuous consumptive behaviour had a positive relationship with the intention to purchase luxury goods. A similar finding was found for Facebook conspicuous consumptive behaviour and the intention to purchase luxury goods. Luxury marketers are encouraged to formulate social media strategies that emphasise consumer involvement, engagement and trust; this, in turn, will increase total social media usage and influence. However, further research may want to include other popular social media platforms, such as Twitter and WhatsApp, to gain a wider understanding of the effect of social media conspicuous consumptive behaviour on intention to purchase luxury goods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Madzunya, Ntsundeni
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Consumer behavior -- South Africa Social media -- Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Business Management)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13524 , vital:39676
- Description: Social media has grown to such a large extent that it has become a primary source of information among consumers online. The impact of the growth of popular social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram have allowed for interest in consumer online behaviour to increase. There is no specific social media model that can be used as a tool to understand its use and influence on conspicuous online consumption behaviour. The study aimed to develop and apply a model used to understand consumer behaviour in order to enhance the use of the communication landscape as a means to drive purchase intentions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social media conspicuous consumptive behaviour on intention to purchase luxury goods. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of conspicuous consumptive behaviour facilitated by Instagram and Facebook on potential buyers’ intention to purchase luxury goods. The study also determined if Instagram and Facebook usage intensity has an influence on conspicuous consumptive behaviour. In addition, the study also examined the relationship between Instagram and Facebook eWOM credibility and conspicuous consumptive behaviour. The study was underpinned by a positivist paradigm, a quantitative approach and the appropriate descriptive research design. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. An online survey was conducted to collect primary data, through the use of a questionnaire developed from previous studies. The questionnaire was administered online through the Survey Monkey platform to a total of 364 respondents. Analysis and interpretation of findings was done using both the descriptive and inferential statistical measures, with the help of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) 24 and Lisrel (version 9). The scales adopted for the study consisted of eight constructs, Instagram usage intensity, Instagram eWOM credibility, Instagram conspicuous consumptive behaviour, Instagram intention to purchase luxury goods, Facebook usage intensity, Facebook eWOM credibility, Facebook conspicuous consumptive behaviour, Facebook intention to purchase luxury goods. All the scales used in this study were found to be reliable and valid. ii Based on the 364 responses, the study found a positive relationship between both Facebook and Instagram usage intensity and conspicuous consumptive behaviour. Conversely, results showed that eWOM credibility on both Facebook and Instagram had no relationship with conspicuous consumptive behaviour. Lastly, Instagram conspicuous consumptive behaviour had a positive relationship with the intention to purchase luxury goods. A similar finding was found for Facebook conspicuous consumptive behaviour and the intention to purchase luxury goods. Luxury marketers are encouraged to formulate social media strategies that emphasise consumer involvement, engagement and trust; this, in turn, will increase total social media usage and influence. However, further research may want to include other popular social media platforms, such as Twitter and WhatsApp, to gain a wider understanding of the effect of social media conspicuous consumptive behaviour on intention to purchase luxury goods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The effect of human resources management practices on employee commitment: the case of Mnquma Local Municipality
- Fihla, Siphenathi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-2650
- Authors: Fihla, Siphenathi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-2650
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Personnel management--South Africa , Municipal government--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24431 , vital:62790
- Description: This study evaluated the relationship between the Human Resource Management Practices (HRMP) and employee commitment. Results based on a sample from Mnquma Local Municipality indicate that these practices have a significant impact on employee commitment. This project will help to advance research on exploring the influence of organisational variables on commitment. Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of human resources management practices on employee commitment at Mnquma Local Municipality. Motivation for the study: The study examines HRMP and employee commitment in the public sector. The relationship between the two may be of value to the municipality’s success. Research approach, design and method: A quantitative research approach was followed to carry out this study. Data were collected from a sample of 137 respondents in a selected municipality (Mnquma Local Municipality). A self-administered questionnaire was sent to respondents. Main findings: A significant relationship was found between HRMP and employee commitment. Practical or managerial implications: Findings may be relevant to practitioners, including strategic management researchers, policy-makers, directors, managers, and supervisors. The study could assist various practitioners directly or indirectly involved in private and public organisations to develop HRMP that improves employee commitment. Contribution or value-add: The study adds to the literature on HRMP and employee commitment among the public service. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Fihla, Siphenathi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-2650
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Personnel management--South Africa , Municipal government--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24431 , vital:62790
- Description: This study evaluated the relationship between the Human Resource Management Practices (HRMP) and employee commitment. Results based on a sample from Mnquma Local Municipality indicate that these practices have a significant impact on employee commitment. This project will help to advance research on exploring the influence of organisational variables on commitment. Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of human resources management practices on employee commitment at Mnquma Local Municipality. Motivation for the study: The study examines HRMP and employee commitment in the public sector. The relationship between the two may be of value to the municipality’s success. Research approach, design and method: A quantitative research approach was followed to carry out this study. Data were collected from a sample of 137 respondents in a selected municipality (Mnquma Local Municipality). A self-administered questionnaire was sent to respondents. Main findings: A significant relationship was found between HRMP and employee commitment. Practical or managerial implications: Findings may be relevant to practitioners, including strategic management researchers, policy-makers, directors, managers, and supervisors. The study could assist various practitioners directly or indirectly involved in private and public organisations to develop HRMP that improves employee commitment. Contribution or value-add: The study adds to the literature on HRMP and employee commitment among the public service. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The effects of collective bargaining on wages at University of Fort Hare 2007-2016
- Authors: Olusola, Olasupo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Wages Collective bargaining -- South Africa Labor unions -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9962 , vital:35208
- Description: Collective bargaining is essential in labour relations because of its significant role on wages thereby structuring cordial labour-management relations. The essence of labour unions in South African higher education institutions such as National Education, Health and Allied Workers’ Union (NEHAWU) with specific reference to University of Fort Hare, is to ensure the good wages and conditions of service for their members through the instrumentality of collective bargaining between the Union and University management. The end result which is the bargaining agreement may improve on staff pay and encourage more cordial labour-management relations in South African higher institutions and specifically at University of Fort Hare which is the case study. This study was motivated by claims and evidences which show that University of Fort Hare’s staff is the least paid in South African higher education sector over the years due to unsustainability status of the University in the time past. Both the organized labour union and management at the University of Fort Hare entered into agreement that led to sacrificial forfeiture of salary increase by staff over the period of unsustainability of the University to avoid it from being closed down. This state has made the staff to suffer so many imbalances in their wages compared to what is obtainable in other universities in South Africa. This lingering situation has compelled NEHAWU to consistently engage the University management in bargaining in a bid to improve the wages of their members. The study made use of mixed research method which reveals that collective bargaining has effects on wages at University of Fort Hare. 307 participating staff were randomly selected from the following ÜFH Campuses; Bisho, Alice and East London.The questionnaire measured the effects of collective bargaining on wages at the University. In-depth Interviews were conducted among the staff at UFH. It involves the University management, NEHAWU officialsand top officers from the University Human Resources Department. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was utilized to analyze data collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to interpret the data. Tables and graphs; confidence interval and p-value was utilized to demonstrate the characteristics of information collected from the participants. The research questions were tested by Pearson correlation and T. Test. The reliability of different instruments that were used in this study was tested by Cronbach alpha coefficients and also computed to determine the validity of question. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between collective bargaining and wages at UFH. Recommendations were made in favour of transparency, time bound bargaining, mutual trust, proper communication and accountability among the negotiating parties at UFH for more successful bargaining that will further improve on staff pay at the University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Olusola, Olasupo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Wages Collective bargaining -- South Africa Labor unions -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9962 , vital:35208
- Description: Collective bargaining is essential in labour relations because of its significant role on wages thereby structuring cordial labour-management relations. The essence of labour unions in South African higher education institutions such as National Education, Health and Allied Workers’ Union (NEHAWU) with specific reference to University of Fort Hare, is to ensure the good wages and conditions of service for their members through the instrumentality of collective bargaining between the Union and University management. The end result which is the bargaining agreement may improve on staff pay and encourage more cordial labour-management relations in South African higher institutions and specifically at University of Fort Hare which is the case study. This study was motivated by claims and evidences which show that University of Fort Hare’s staff is the least paid in South African higher education sector over the years due to unsustainability status of the University in the time past. Both the organized labour union and management at the University of Fort Hare entered into agreement that led to sacrificial forfeiture of salary increase by staff over the period of unsustainability of the University to avoid it from being closed down. This state has made the staff to suffer so many imbalances in their wages compared to what is obtainable in other universities in South Africa. This lingering situation has compelled NEHAWU to consistently engage the University management in bargaining in a bid to improve the wages of their members. The study made use of mixed research method which reveals that collective bargaining has effects on wages at University of Fort Hare. 307 participating staff were randomly selected from the following ÜFH Campuses; Bisho, Alice and East London.The questionnaire measured the effects of collective bargaining on wages at the University. In-depth Interviews were conducted among the staff at UFH. It involves the University management, NEHAWU officialsand top officers from the University Human Resources Department. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was utilized to analyze data collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to interpret the data. Tables and graphs; confidence interval and p-value was utilized to demonstrate the characteristics of information collected from the participants. The research questions were tested by Pearson correlation and T. Test. The reliability of different instruments that were used in this study was tested by Cronbach alpha coefficients and also computed to determine the validity of question. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between collective bargaining and wages at UFH. Recommendations were made in favour of transparency, time bound bargaining, mutual trust, proper communication and accountability among the negotiating parties at UFH for more successful bargaining that will further improve on staff pay at the University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The Impact of Automobile Trade on Economic Growth: A Comparative Study of South Africa and Brazil
- Bhasa, W
- Authors: Bhasa, W
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13292 , vital:39631
- Description: Economic theory suggests that trade plays a critical role in the economic performance of a country. South Africa and Brazil’s automobile trade has been greatly influenced by government intervention through policy regimes with essentially similar objectives. Through the Automotive Production Development Programme in South Africa and the Plano Brasil Maior in Brazil, both countries have invested much effort in legislation, technology and capital to boost the automobile industry and overcome challenges of strengthening the automotive value chain, sustaining employment, raising productivity and increasing sales volumes both internally and on foreign markets. In light of such government interventions, this study investigates the contribution of the automobile trade on economic growth on South Africa and Brazil. The major concern is to determine whether the impact of the automobile trade is greater in South Africa and lesser in Brazil or vice-versa. This paper uses panel data analysis through the Least Squares Dummy Variable technique using quarterly data from 1995 to 2016. The regression results show that exports of automobiles, domestic investment in automobile trade, employment levels in the automobile industry together with the levels of general government expenditure positively affect GDP growth while imports of automobiles and inflation have a negative effect on general economic performance. Both countries should continue with automobile trade and governments should offer more production incentives and tax exemptions for component imports. Automobile industries are strategic industries which need government protection. Promotion of long-term partnerships and relationships within the automotive industry will play a critical role in boosting production with associated deepening of the components industry. The LSDV model results reveal that the individual country effects are statistically significant; this implies that the results for South Africa and Brazil differ. South Africa had a higher country coefficient which indicates that they benefitted more from the automobile trade than Braz
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bhasa, W
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13292 , vital:39631
- Description: Economic theory suggests that trade plays a critical role in the economic performance of a country. South Africa and Brazil’s automobile trade has been greatly influenced by government intervention through policy regimes with essentially similar objectives. Through the Automotive Production Development Programme in South Africa and the Plano Brasil Maior in Brazil, both countries have invested much effort in legislation, technology and capital to boost the automobile industry and overcome challenges of strengthening the automotive value chain, sustaining employment, raising productivity and increasing sales volumes both internally and on foreign markets. In light of such government interventions, this study investigates the contribution of the automobile trade on economic growth on South Africa and Brazil. The major concern is to determine whether the impact of the automobile trade is greater in South Africa and lesser in Brazil or vice-versa. This paper uses panel data analysis through the Least Squares Dummy Variable technique using quarterly data from 1995 to 2016. The regression results show that exports of automobiles, domestic investment in automobile trade, employment levels in the automobile industry together with the levels of general government expenditure positively affect GDP growth while imports of automobiles and inflation have a negative effect on general economic performance. Both countries should continue with automobile trade and governments should offer more production incentives and tax exemptions for component imports. Automobile industries are strategic industries which need government protection. Promotion of long-term partnerships and relationships within the automotive industry will play a critical role in boosting production with associated deepening of the components industry. The LSDV model results reveal that the individual country effects are statistically significant; this implies that the results for South Africa and Brazil differ. South Africa had a higher country coefficient which indicates that they benefitted more from the automobile trade than Braz
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The impact of capital adequacy requirements on loan pricing : the case of South African Commercial Banks
- Authors: Mgxekwa, Bahle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Bank loans Banks and banking -- State supervision Financial institutions -- State supervision
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , (MCom) Economics
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10188 , vital:35373
- Description: Capital adequacy requirements are viewed as an important form of regulation within the banking sector and they represent a major change in banking regulation. The capital accord is a globalised regulation which seeks to reduce banking failures and achieve a stable and efficient financial system for the growth of the global economies. Through the adoption of the capital adequacy requirement in the South African banking system as well as having internationally active financial institutions, the South African economy is no exception to the benefits ensued by this regulation to the global economies. In light of this, this study examined the impact of capital adequacy requirements on loan pricing of South African commercial banks, using quarterly time series econometric analysis over the time period 2000-2016. The study used interest rate on loan, the dependent variable as a measure of loan pricing and the following independent variables: risk of default, market structure, Treasury bill and capital adequacy ratio. To confirm the level of integration, the study employed the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron tests. The Johansen co-integration and the Vector Error Correction Model were employed to obtain long-run and short-run coefficients. The findings of this study show that the measure of capital adequacy requirements CCAR is negatively related to real interest rate on loans CRL. This agrees with theory and expected priori. In addition, past studies in the developing countries’ context support these findings. Estimation of results reveals that all other variables such as market structure CMS, Treasury bill rate TB and loan loss provisions GLLP have a positive impact on interest rate on loans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mgxekwa, Bahle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Bank loans Banks and banking -- State supervision Financial institutions -- State supervision
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , (MCom) Economics
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10188 , vital:35373
- Description: Capital adequacy requirements are viewed as an important form of regulation within the banking sector and they represent a major change in banking regulation. The capital accord is a globalised regulation which seeks to reduce banking failures and achieve a stable and efficient financial system for the growth of the global economies. Through the adoption of the capital adequacy requirement in the South African banking system as well as having internationally active financial institutions, the South African economy is no exception to the benefits ensued by this regulation to the global economies. In light of this, this study examined the impact of capital adequacy requirements on loan pricing of South African commercial banks, using quarterly time series econometric analysis over the time period 2000-2016. The study used interest rate on loan, the dependent variable as a measure of loan pricing and the following independent variables: risk of default, market structure, Treasury bill and capital adequacy ratio. To confirm the level of integration, the study employed the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron tests. The Johansen co-integration and the Vector Error Correction Model were employed to obtain long-run and short-run coefficients. The findings of this study show that the measure of capital adequacy requirements CCAR is negatively related to real interest rate on loans CRL. This agrees with theory and expected priori. In addition, past studies in the developing countries’ context support these findings. Estimation of results reveals that all other variables such as market structure CMS, Treasury bill rate TB and loan loss provisions GLLP have a positive impact on interest rate on loans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The impact of human resource practices on employee commitment and retention among nurses in Amathole District, South Africa
- Authors: Terera, Sharon Ruvimbo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Employee retention--South Africa Nurses--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Industrial Psychology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17727 , vital:41188
- Description: This study explored the impact of human resource practices on employee commitment and retention among nurses in Amathole District, South Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of human resources practices (HR) on nurse retention in public hospitals; investigate the influence of HR practices on organizational commitment of nurses, and retention and to make recommendations to the hospitals on possible ways to improve the organisational commitment and employee retention of nurses based on the research findings. The study utilized a quantitative research design and questionnaires were used to collect data. The sample comprised of 150 nurses and the data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Research findings revealed that the effective use of sound human resources practices reduces nurse turnover whilst nurse organisational commitment and retention improves.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Terera, Sharon Ruvimbo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Employee retention--South Africa Nurses--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Industrial Psychology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17727 , vital:41188
- Description: This study explored the impact of human resource practices on employee commitment and retention among nurses in Amathole District, South Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of human resources practices (HR) on nurse retention in public hospitals; investigate the influence of HR practices on organizational commitment of nurses, and retention and to make recommendations to the hospitals on possible ways to improve the organisational commitment and employee retention of nurses based on the research findings. The study utilized a quantitative research design and questionnaires were used to collect data. The sample comprised of 150 nurses and the data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Research findings revealed that the effective use of sound human resources practices reduces nurse turnover whilst nurse organisational commitment and retention improves.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The impact of mineral resources production on economic growth in South Africa
- Authors: Kholwane, Noluthando
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13502 , vital:39674
- Description: South Africa is widely known in the world as a country rich in mineral resources mainly due to its large mineral reserves of gold and diamonds. Such wealth in mineral resources in the country raises the expectations of advanced economic growth. How the production of mineral resources influences economic growth in a country is an interesting area of investigation. Therefore, this study examined the impact of mineral resources production on economic growth using the standard econometric techniques, such as stationarity tests, Johansen co-integration test and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) estimation technique, using quarterly data between 1995 and 2016. In addition, diagnostic tests and impulse response analysis were conducted. In the model estimation, real gross domestic product (GDP) was regressed against mineral resource production as a percentage of GDP (MRP/GDP), Final Consumption Expenditure by Households (FCE_by Houselds), gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP (excluding mining investment) (GFCF/GDP), labour productivity (LP) and Rand/ Dollar exchange rate (ER). The results from this study show that the explanatory variables without mineral resource governance positively influence GDP in the long run. On the other hand, the diagnostic test results indicate that the model is well specified and fitted since residuals are homoscedastic, normally distributed without autocorrelation. Likewise, the impulse response of real GDP is positive for mineral resource production, fixed capital formation and final consumption by household. Moreover, real GDP reacts negatively from shocks of labour productivity and exchange rate. Based on the outcomes of the study, from a policy perspective, intensified productive activities other than mineral resources production and re-investment of mineral rents could guarantee a sustainable increase in the real gross domestic product of a country in the long run. Furthermore, raw material processing should also be a consideration to foster economic growth in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kholwane, Noluthando
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13502 , vital:39674
- Description: South Africa is widely known in the world as a country rich in mineral resources mainly due to its large mineral reserves of gold and diamonds. Such wealth in mineral resources in the country raises the expectations of advanced economic growth. How the production of mineral resources influences economic growth in a country is an interesting area of investigation. Therefore, this study examined the impact of mineral resources production on economic growth using the standard econometric techniques, such as stationarity tests, Johansen co-integration test and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) estimation technique, using quarterly data between 1995 and 2016. In addition, diagnostic tests and impulse response analysis were conducted. In the model estimation, real gross domestic product (GDP) was regressed against mineral resource production as a percentage of GDP (MRP/GDP), Final Consumption Expenditure by Households (FCE_by Houselds), gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP (excluding mining investment) (GFCF/GDP), labour productivity (LP) and Rand/ Dollar exchange rate (ER). The results from this study show that the explanatory variables without mineral resource governance positively influence GDP in the long run. On the other hand, the diagnostic test results indicate that the model is well specified and fitted since residuals are homoscedastic, normally distributed without autocorrelation. Likewise, the impulse response of real GDP is positive for mineral resource production, fixed capital formation and final consumption by household. Moreover, real GDP reacts negatively from shocks of labour productivity and exchange rate. Based on the outcomes of the study, from a policy perspective, intensified productive activities other than mineral resources production and re-investment of mineral rents could guarantee a sustainable increase in the real gross domestic product of a country in the long run. Furthermore, raw material processing should also be a consideration to foster economic growth in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poverty reduction in Zimbabwe : the role of Official Development Assistance (ODA)
- Authors: Chivanga, Shylet Yvonne
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Economic development projects--Zimbabwe Sustainable development--Zimbabwe Poverty--Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Development Studies
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15605 , vital:40483
- Description: This study sought to analyse the role of official development assistance (ODA) from international developmental partnerships in reducing poverty in accordance with the aims of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Zimbabwe. A qualitative research methodology was used and interview guides were developed in order to put open-ended questions to the participants in one-on-one face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. The data which was collected was subjected to thematic analysis. Among the findings which emerged was that the implementation of interventions to meet MDGs and reduce poverty in Zimbabwe had been hindered by both internal and external factors. Internal factors included corruption, underinvestment in industry, an untaxed underground economy, and political instability, the inconsistent implementation of policies, a weak judiciary, and excessive dependence upon ODA. Conversely, external factors included ODA which failed to enable the root causes of poverty to be tackled, attempting to remedy the symptoms of poverty rather than the real causes, the misuse of hegemonic economic and political power by foreign developmental partners, the inequitable distribution of ODA, ODA which entailed conditionalities, and soured relations with foreign donors. From the findings it was concluded that the most effective means of reducing poverty effectively in Zimbabwe lay in investing in developing internal sources of revenue. ODA should be used only to supplement interventions to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner and promote inclusive economic growth in the interests of equity. In order to generate the ODA which is needed to begin the process of economic recovery, Zimbabwe needs to re-engage with foreign developmental partners in a manner which ensures that partnerships are mutually beneficial. The injustices of the past should not be used to account for the failure to meet the MDGs and the deepening poverty in Zimbabwe, as they are not the consequences of the white minority rule of the past, but rather of present-day political ineptitude. Consequently, it is imperative that Zimbabwe should concentrate its efforts on developing the means to raise revenue for development and limit its dependence upon ODA. Holding onto the past by blaming the targeted sanctions, white minority rule, and colonialism will not enable the poverty in which many Zimbabweans in the post-independence era are mired to be meaningfully reduced through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which have superceded the MDGs to be achieved by 2030.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chivanga, Shylet Yvonne
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Economic development projects--Zimbabwe Sustainable development--Zimbabwe Poverty--Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Development Studies
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15605 , vital:40483
- Description: This study sought to analyse the role of official development assistance (ODA) from international developmental partnerships in reducing poverty in accordance with the aims of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Zimbabwe. A qualitative research methodology was used and interview guides were developed in order to put open-ended questions to the participants in one-on-one face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. The data which was collected was subjected to thematic analysis. Among the findings which emerged was that the implementation of interventions to meet MDGs and reduce poverty in Zimbabwe had been hindered by both internal and external factors. Internal factors included corruption, underinvestment in industry, an untaxed underground economy, and political instability, the inconsistent implementation of policies, a weak judiciary, and excessive dependence upon ODA. Conversely, external factors included ODA which failed to enable the root causes of poverty to be tackled, attempting to remedy the symptoms of poverty rather than the real causes, the misuse of hegemonic economic and political power by foreign developmental partners, the inequitable distribution of ODA, ODA which entailed conditionalities, and soured relations with foreign donors. From the findings it was concluded that the most effective means of reducing poverty effectively in Zimbabwe lay in investing in developing internal sources of revenue. ODA should be used only to supplement interventions to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner and promote inclusive economic growth in the interests of equity. In order to generate the ODA which is needed to begin the process of economic recovery, Zimbabwe needs to re-engage with foreign developmental partners in a manner which ensures that partnerships are mutually beneficial. The injustices of the past should not be used to account for the failure to meet the MDGs and the deepening poverty in Zimbabwe, as they are not the consequences of the white minority rule of the past, but rather of present-day political ineptitude. Consequently, it is imperative that Zimbabwe should concentrate its efforts on developing the means to raise revenue for development and limit its dependence upon ODA. Holding onto the past by blaming the targeted sanctions, white minority rule, and colonialism will not enable the poverty in which many Zimbabweans in the post-independence era are mired to be meaningfully reduced through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which have superceded the MDGs to be achieved by 2030.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The influence of technology factors on turnover intentions amongst a sample of government employees in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Mahlasela, Samkelisiwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Work -- Technological innovations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13535 , vital:39677
- Description: Orientation: Technology affects organisations both positively and negatively and in some instances technology factors can result in turnover intentions for certain employees of organisations. Research purpose: The main objective of the study was to investigate how technology-based job autonomy, technology-based job overload and technologybased job monitoring impact turnover intentions of employees. Motivation of the study: Exploring and understanding the relationship between technology factors and turnover intention amongst government employees to determine whether these factors affect government as much as they affect the private sector. Research design, approach and method: This research used a quantitative research approach. It drew a convenience sample of 182 employees (N= 182) from the South African Government. Main findings: The three main findings of the study were: Technology-based job autonomy was positively related to turnover intention. Technology-based job overload was found to be positively related to turnover intention. Finally, technology-based monitoring was found to be positively related to turnover intention. Practical/managerial implications: If organisations do not address the issue of monitoring and overload they are likely to experience many turnover intentions amongst the employees. Furthermore, the organisations with less autonomy are likely to lose their employees which means they will lose the resources that have been serving the organisation for a long time. This will also contribute to the organisation losing many funds as they would constantly have to train new employees. Contribution/value-add: The research adds value to the knowledge about the effects of technology factors on turnover intention by pointing out the reasons that lead to turnover intention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mahlasela, Samkelisiwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Work -- Technological innovations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13535 , vital:39677
- Description: Orientation: Technology affects organisations both positively and negatively and in some instances technology factors can result in turnover intentions for certain employees of organisations. Research purpose: The main objective of the study was to investigate how technology-based job autonomy, technology-based job overload and technologybased job monitoring impact turnover intentions of employees. Motivation of the study: Exploring and understanding the relationship between technology factors and turnover intention amongst government employees to determine whether these factors affect government as much as they affect the private sector. Research design, approach and method: This research used a quantitative research approach. It drew a convenience sample of 182 employees (N= 182) from the South African Government. Main findings: The three main findings of the study were: Technology-based job autonomy was positively related to turnover intention. Technology-based job overload was found to be positively related to turnover intention. Finally, technology-based monitoring was found to be positively related to turnover intention. Practical/managerial implications: If organisations do not address the issue of monitoring and overload they are likely to experience many turnover intentions amongst the employees. Furthermore, the organisations with less autonomy are likely to lose their employees which means they will lose the resources that have been serving the organisation for a long time. This will also contribute to the organisation losing many funds as they would constantly have to train new employees. Contribution/value-add: The research adds value to the knowledge about the effects of technology factors on turnover intention by pointing out the reasons that lead to turnover intention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The land restitution programme on Rural Livelihoods in the Amathole District, Eastern Cape: The case of Cata Community land claim.
- Authors: Mnqandi, Nomgqibelo Beauty
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Restitution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10453 , vital:35475
- Description: The history of South Africa has been shaped by the dictatorial laws of the apartheid regime which ushered an order of domination and segregation, ostensibly to perpetuate social inequality along racial lines. In the process the white minority intended to stifle the potential of the black communities and render them subservient and unable to question or stand against white domination. To this effect the white minority instituted discriminatory laws such as The Native Land Act of 1913, among others, in a bid to give impetus to the dispossession of black communities of their land. The dispossessed people were eventually forcefully removed from their land and posted to the middle of nowhere, at the so-called Ciskei and Transkei territories. In these homelands, as these states were called, the black South Africans started to feel the pinch of apartheid more. The worst of all, these people were impoverished since they had no jobs. It is only after the emergence of the democratic dispensation, in 1994, that the transformative action was taken even though it failed to deliver as expected. In the process, the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform was established with a mission to transform and redress the evils of the past by either giving the dispossessed back their land, alternative land or financial compensation, among other arrangements. However, since it was difficult to give people back their land, the most popular option became financial compensation. This choice, it has been argued, was influenced by the high levels of poverty, high unemployment rate, low rural household incomes and poor levels of education – instances which may have led to the beneficiaries attaching little or no value towards land ownership and other possible means of land restitution. As such, ii the majority of the community thought that financial compensation would lead to sustainable livelihood and would, therefore, not allow such opportunity to slip off their hands. However, more than two decades after the emergence of the democratic dispensation, the popular financial compensation has not yielded the expected results. Yet there is a Cata community which, being among the first members of the society to successfully claim for land restitution opted for land restoration and financial compensation award was given to claimants to pay for houses that were demolished during the betterment process. Out of the award, the Cata community took a calculated risk and invested 50% of the compensation money towards the development and improving the livelihood of the Cata community. This being the case, the study sought to explore to what extent the restitution programme (with the financial compensation option) could succeed in improving the livelihoods of the Cata community. In a way, while this statement is the main objective of the study, it also satisfies the key question of the study. It will ensure that the Cata community, in their attempt to lead sustainable livelihoods, will become creative and ensure that people have good paying jobs, they budget and rationalise before using money; and that they are even prepared to take calculated risks in order to succeed, just as the Cata communities have done. No doubt this would ensure that every member of the society enjoys and is regaled by the fruits and transformative actions of the new democratic dispensation. Qualitative research methodology has been selected to conduct research of this study because it requires a researcher to dig deep to the research problems and give out rich research findings with insight because community experiences can only be understood qualitatively not through the statistics. The main findings of this study among others are that financial compensation should be linked with iii development in order to sustain livelihoods of the rural poor as the case has been with Cata community. A number of communities who opted financial compensation did not lead a sustainable livelihood instead they either became poorer or fell victims of poverty because they fail to use their financial compensation award wisely.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mnqandi, Nomgqibelo Beauty
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Restitution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10453 , vital:35475
- Description: The history of South Africa has been shaped by the dictatorial laws of the apartheid regime which ushered an order of domination and segregation, ostensibly to perpetuate social inequality along racial lines. In the process the white minority intended to stifle the potential of the black communities and render them subservient and unable to question or stand against white domination. To this effect the white minority instituted discriminatory laws such as The Native Land Act of 1913, among others, in a bid to give impetus to the dispossession of black communities of their land. The dispossessed people were eventually forcefully removed from their land and posted to the middle of nowhere, at the so-called Ciskei and Transkei territories. In these homelands, as these states were called, the black South Africans started to feel the pinch of apartheid more. The worst of all, these people were impoverished since they had no jobs. It is only after the emergence of the democratic dispensation, in 1994, that the transformative action was taken even though it failed to deliver as expected. In the process, the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform was established with a mission to transform and redress the evils of the past by either giving the dispossessed back their land, alternative land or financial compensation, among other arrangements. However, since it was difficult to give people back their land, the most popular option became financial compensation. This choice, it has been argued, was influenced by the high levels of poverty, high unemployment rate, low rural household incomes and poor levels of education – instances which may have led to the beneficiaries attaching little or no value towards land ownership and other possible means of land restitution. As such, ii the majority of the community thought that financial compensation would lead to sustainable livelihood and would, therefore, not allow such opportunity to slip off their hands. However, more than two decades after the emergence of the democratic dispensation, the popular financial compensation has not yielded the expected results. Yet there is a Cata community which, being among the first members of the society to successfully claim for land restitution opted for land restoration and financial compensation award was given to claimants to pay for houses that were demolished during the betterment process. Out of the award, the Cata community took a calculated risk and invested 50% of the compensation money towards the development and improving the livelihood of the Cata community. This being the case, the study sought to explore to what extent the restitution programme (with the financial compensation option) could succeed in improving the livelihoods of the Cata community. In a way, while this statement is the main objective of the study, it also satisfies the key question of the study. It will ensure that the Cata community, in their attempt to lead sustainable livelihoods, will become creative and ensure that people have good paying jobs, they budget and rationalise before using money; and that they are even prepared to take calculated risks in order to succeed, just as the Cata communities have done. No doubt this would ensure that every member of the society enjoys and is regaled by the fruits and transformative actions of the new democratic dispensation. Qualitative research methodology has been selected to conduct research of this study because it requires a researcher to dig deep to the research problems and give out rich research findings with insight because community experiences can only be understood qualitatively not through the statistics. The main findings of this study among others are that financial compensation should be linked with iii development in order to sustain livelihoods of the rural poor as the case has been with Cata community. A number of communities who opted financial compensation did not lead a sustainable livelihood instead they either became poorer or fell victims of poverty because they fail to use their financial compensation award wisely.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The moderating role of occupational self-efficacy and organisational justice in the relationship between perceived job insecurity and counterproductive work behaviour among bank employees in Nigeria
- Authors: Oluwole, Olugbenga Joseph
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Job security Self-efficacy Bank employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12665 , vital:39297
- Description: The unstable global economy and the drive by every organisation to remain in business and be competitive has led to many organisational downsizing, which in turn poses concerns towards identifying behaviours of the survivors’. These behaviours constitute the components of employees’ job performance which include task performance, organisational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). One of the major behavioural concerns facing organisations globally, in particular in Nigeria, is CWB, which previous studies identified as an attitudinal reaction of perceived job insecurity. Very few empirical studies in Nigeria have attempted to examine the relationship as well as the variables that can moderate the negative effect of job insecurity-CWB. This study, therefore, explores the moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy (OSE) and organisational justice on the job insecurity–CWB relationship among bank employees in Nigeria. Four theories provided the framework for the study, while a descriptive research design which utilized a cross-sectional survey was used. The multi-stage sampling procedure and purposive technique were employed to select the two participating banking organisations from the 22 licensed commercial banks in Nigeria. Using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 380 Nigerian bank employees who gave their personal consent participated through a structured questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of all the instruments are as follows: counterproductive work behaviour (α = .92), perceived job insecurity (α = .65), occupational self-efficacy (α = .82), organisational justice (α = .93) were used for data collection. The sample was taken from branches of the two selected banking organisations that cut across Lagos State, Nigeria, a cosmopolitan and Nigeria business hub. Six hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, zero-order correlation and hierarchical multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance. A significant positive relationship existed between: job insecurity and CWB (r = .14); job insecurity and sabotage (r = .23), job insecurity and withdrawal (r = .14) and job insecurity and abuse (r = .20) of sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant relationship existed between OSE and CWB (r = .12); OSE and withdrawal (r = .27) and OSE and abuse (r = .12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. And lastly, a significant positive relationship existed between organisational justice and CWB (r = .11); distributive justice and CWB (r = .13), procedural justice and CWB (r = .17); organisational justice and withdrawal (r = .35), and a negative relationship between organisational justice and production deviance (r = -.12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant positive relationship existed on distributive justice and withdrawal behaviour (r = .22) and distributive justice and abuse (r = .12); procedural justice and sabotage (r = .17); procedural justice and withdrawal (r = .44); Interactional justice and withdrawal (r = .29) and a significant negative relationship existed on interactional justice and sabotage. Furthermore, there were significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity- CWB relationship (β = .11, p<.05); significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity-abuse behaviour (β = .13, p<.05) of sub-dimension of CWB. Also, there was significant moderator effects of organisational justice in job insecurity-CWB relationship (β = -.10, p<.05), interaction effect of procedural justice in job insecurity-withdrawal behaviour relationship (β = .24, p<.01) and interaction effect of interactional justice in job insecurity-abuse behaviour relationship (β = -.39, p<.001). And lastly, there was no significant joint moderator effects of OSE and organisational justice in job insecurity and CWB relationship (β = .00, ns), while there was significant moderator effect of joint OSE and organisational justice on job insecurity – sabotage relationshi0p (β = .17, p<.01) and job insecurity – withdrawal behaviour (β = .14, p<.01) The findings of this study pointed to the significance of employees’ cognitive sense as important and stable resources which organisational practitioners need to take into consideration during organisational change approach. Also, the banking organisation must clearly state the procedure and implementations of downsizing policies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, Olugbenga Joseph
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Job security Self-efficacy Bank employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12665 , vital:39297
- Description: The unstable global economy and the drive by every organisation to remain in business and be competitive has led to many organisational downsizing, which in turn poses concerns towards identifying behaviours of the survivors’. These behaviours constitute the components of employees’ job performance which include task performance, organisational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). One of the major behavioural concerns facing organisations globally, in particular in Nigeria, is CWB, which previous studies identified as an attitudinal reaction of perceived job insecurity. Very few empirical studies in Nigeria have attempted to examine the relationship as well as the variables that can moderate the negative effect of job insecurity-CWB. This study, therefore, explores the moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy (OSE) and organisational justice on the job insecurity–CWB relationship among bank employees in Nigeria. Four theories provided the framework for the study, while a descriptive research design which utilized a cross-sectional survey was used. The multi-stage sampling procedure and purposive technique were employed to select the two participating banking organisations from the 22 licensed commercial banks in Nigeria. Using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 380 Nigerian bank employees who gave their personal consent participated through a structured questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of all the instruments are as follows: counterproductive work behaviour (α = .92), perceived job insecurity (α = .65), occupational self-efficacy (α = .82), organisational justice (α = .93) were used for data collection. The sample was taken from branches of the two selected banking organisations that cut across Lagos State, Nigeria, a cosmopolitan and Nigeria business hub. Six hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, zero-order correlation and hierarchical multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance. A significant positive relationship existed between: job insecurity and CWB (r = .14); job insecurity and sabotage (r = .23), job insecurity and withdrawal (r = .14) and job insecurity and abuse (r = .20) of sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant relationship existed between OSE and CWB (r = .12); OSE and withdrawal (r = .27) and OSE and abuse (r = .12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. And lastly, a significant positive relationship existed between organisational justice and CWB (r = .11); distributive justice and CWB (r = .13), procedural justice and CWB (r = .17); organisational justice and withdrawal (r = .35), and a negative relationship between organisational justice and production deviance (r = -.12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant positive relationship existed on distributive justice and withdrawal behaviour (r = .22) and distributive justice and abuse (r = .12); procedural justice and sabotage (r = .17); procedural justice and withdrawal (r = .44); Interactional justice and withdrawal (r = .29) and a significant negative relationship existed on interactional justice and sabotage. Furthermore, there were significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity- CWB relationship (β = .11, p<.05); significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity-abuse behaviour (β = .13, p<.05) of sub-dimension of CWB. Also, there was significant moderator effects of organisational justice in job insecurity-CWB relationship (β = -.10, p<.05), interaction effect of procedural justice in job insecurity-withdrawal behaviour relationship (β = .24, p<.01) and interaction effect of interactional justice in job insecurity-abuse behaviour relationship (β = -.39, p<.001). And lastly, there was no significant joint moderator effects of OSE and organisational justice in job insecurity and CWB relationship (β = .00, ns), while there was significant moderator effect of joint OSE and organisational justice on job insecurity – sabotage relationshi0p (β = .17, p<.01) and job insecurity – withdrawal behaviour (β = .14, p<.01) The findings of this study pointed to the significance of employees’ cognitive sense as important and stable resources which organisational practitioners need to take into consideration during organisational change approach. Also, the banking organisation must clearly state the procedure and implementations of downsizing policies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018