Individualism and collectivism as moderators of the relationship between achievement motivation and entrepreneurial interest among undergraduate students at Walter Sisulu University
- Authors: Magadlela, Asanda Sinazo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Individualism -- Psychological aspects Collectivism -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18543 , vital:42607
- Description: The purpose of this study” is “to explore individualism and collectivism” “as moderators of the relationship between entrepreneurial” interest “and achievement motivation”among undergraduate students. The study is focused on analysing the relationship behind the variables and what drives the University students of Walter Sisulu University towards the business development of young people. “Researchers have traditionally associated individualism with high rates of firm creation, arguing that an orientation towards achievement and the pursuit of personal objectives” (dominant aspects of individualist cultures) “are determinants of entrepreneurial activity.” “The current analysis shows that a culture correlates to entrepreneurship”, “but cannot uphold the idea that higher levels of individualism mean higher rates of entrepreneurship.” “Many universities have introduced entrepreneurship education to promote the interest” of undergraduates in “becoming future entrepreneurs. Here, the researcher tries to retrieve the undergraduate’s interest and achievement motivation which influences them to entrepreneurial intentions. Based on” the “literature” review, it identifies various factors that are used in the predictions of entrepreneurial interest. “These factors were” adopted “to explore” student’s interests. “Survey questionnaires were distributed to” two campuses from the University of Walter Sisulu, namely; College street campus (East London) and the Potsdam campus which is the main campus of the University. “A total of” 154 “valid data” was “analysed using multiple regressions. The results show that entrepreneurial” interest “was predicted by achievement” motivation, individualism and collectivism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Magadlela, Asanda Sinazo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Individualism -- Psychological aspects Collectivism -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18543 , vital:42607
- Description: The purpose of this study” is “to explore individualism and collectivism” “as moderators of the relationship between entrepreneurial” interest “and achievement motivation”among undergraduate students. The study is focused on analysing the relationship behind the variables and what drives the University students of Walter Sisulu University towards the business development of young people. “Researchers have traditionally associated individualism with high rates of firm creation, arguing that an orientation towards achievement and the pursuit of personal objectives” (dominant aspects of individualist cultures) “are determinants of entrepreneurial activity.” “The current analysis shows that a culture correlates to entrepreneurship”, “but cannot uphold the idea that higher levels of individualism mean higher rates of entrepreneurship.” “Many universities have introduced entrepreneurship education to promote the interest” of undergraduates in “becoming future entrepreneurs. Here, the researcher tries to retrieve the undergraduate’s interest and achievement motivation which influences them to entrepreneurial intentions. Based on” the “literature” review, it identifies various factors that are used in the predictions of entrepreneurial interest. “These factors were” adopted “to explore” student’s interests. “Survey questionnaires were distributed to” two campuses from the University of Walter Sisulu, namely; College street campus (East London) and the Potsdam campus which is the main campus of the University. “A total of” 154 “valid data” was “analysed using multiple regressions. The results show that entrepreneurial” interest “was predicted by achievement” motivation, individualism and collectivism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Land Reform and the Challenge of Rural Development in Zimbabwe: The Case of the Fast Track Reform in Mashonaland West Region
- Authors: Chigarira, Tangai Sylvester
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Land reform -- Zimbabwe Agriculture and state -- Zimbabwe Zimbabwe -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18665 , vital:42704
- Description: A largely agricultural country, land remains an important factor of production and a critical element in the livelihoods of rural Zimbabweans. Small-scale farmers rely on land for food and income. The post-independence development of Zimbabwe has been tied to land holding. As such, land reform aimed at addressing colonial racial land inequalities and rural underdevelopment became an imperative. In the post-independence era, Zimbabwe undertook two phases of land reform – the first occurred between 1980 and 1999 and was known as the Land reform and Resettlement Programme (LRRP). This was based on the ‘willing-buyer and willing seller’. The second phase which took place from 2000, known as the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP), took a radical approach. However, due to a variety of reasons, including the dominance of small-scale farming and challenges of land reform, agricultural productivity remains low. Moreover, despite land reform, including massive land redistribution, the process appears incomplete and inconclusive. This is so essentially because the land reform neither increased food production nor reduced poverty. Accordingly, sustainable development remains a distant reality, especially among rural small-scale farmers. The study aimed at assessing the impact of the fast track land reform (FTLRP) on poverty reduction and sustainable rural development in Zimbabwe. Despite undertaking one of Southern Africa’s largest post-colonial redistributive land reform to date, the provision of land on its own has not been sufficient to address rural poverty and achieving meaningful rural development. This is so because the land reform has not articulated integrated growth as remoteness and poverty remain endemic, which is connected to the land. So, resolving the land question still remains crucial for sustainable rural development in Zimbabwe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Chigarira, Tangai Sylvester
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Land reform -- Zimbabwe Agriculture and state -- Zimbabwe Zimbabwe -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18665 , vital:42704
- Description: A largely agricultural country, land remains an important factor of production and a critical element in the livelihoods of rural Zimbabweans. Small-scale farmers rely on land for food and income. The post-independence development of Zimbabwe has been tied to land holding. As such, land reform aimed at addressing colonial racial land inequalities and rural underdevelopment became an imperative. In the post-independence era, Zimbabwe undertook two phases of land reform – the first occurred between 1980 and 1999 and was known as the Land reform and Resettlement Programme (LRRP). This was based on the ‘willing-buyer and willing seller’. The second phase which took place from 2000, known as the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP), took a radical approach. However, due to a variety of reasons, including the dominance of small-scale farming and challenges of land reform, agricultural productivity remains low. Moreover, despite land reform, including massive land redistribution, the process appears incomplete and inconclusive. This is so essentially because the land reform neither increased food production nor reduced poverty. Accordingly, sustainable development remains a distant reality, especially among rural small-scale farmers. The study aimed at assessing the impact of the fast track land reform (FTLRP) on poverty reduction and sustainable rural development in Zimbabwe. Despite undertaking one of Southern Africa’s largest post-colonial redistributive land reform to date, the provision of land on its own has not been sufficient to address rural poverty and achieving meaningful rural development. This is so because the land reform has not articulated integrated growth as remoteness and poverty remain endemic, which is connected to the land. So, resolving the land question still remains crucial for sustainable rural development in Zimbabwe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The implementation of National Health strategy (2009-2013) in Vungu District clinics, Midlands Province in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mangwanya, M G
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medical care -- Zimbabwe Public health administration -- Zimbabwe National Health Strategy (Zimbabwe)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18514 , vital:42579
- Description: The practice of strategy implementation is key to the public sector in Zimbabwe because it helps the government to be up to speed in providing services to the public. This research focused on the National Health Strategy 2009-2013 and its impact on health service delivery in Vungu Rural District Council Clinics. The research was based on qualitative desk study design which made use of existing data and semi structured interviews to understand the effect of the National Health Strategy on health service delivery in Vungu Rural Districts Council Clinics. From the literature reviewed and the data collected, it can be noted that lack of resources has had a huge effect on the execution of the strategy. The findings from the study show that the National Health Strategy was a good initiative. However, it lacked financial resources which posed challenges to the health workers in Vungu Rural District Council Clinics. The health workers were not very familiar with the National Health Strategy and this had a negative impact on its execution because they cannot execute a strategy that they are not familiar with. The study highlighted the importance of resources for the execution of the National Health Strategy. The study therefore sought to find ways the Zimbabwean Health System may formulate the health strategy with the limited resources in order to achieve desired goals. The Health Workers echoed the same sentiments that they needed resources for the implementation of the strategy. It is hoped that the findings would provide guidelines for the formulation and implementation of future health strategies. Recommendations given would ensure that there is utilisation of available resources, which would help in the execution of other health strategies to ensure efficient and effective health care service delivery. The recommendations are also intended to enhance the performance of health workers. Though the study was limited to Vungu Rural District Council Clinics the findings and recommendations would provide guidelines for other rural clinics as they use the National Health Strategy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mangwanya, M G
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medical care -- Zimbabwe Public health administration -- Zimbabwe National Health Strategy (Zimbabwe)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18514 , vital:42579
- Description: The practice of strategy implementation is key to the public sector in Zimbabwe because it helps the government to be up to speed in providing services to the public. This research focused on the National Health Strategy 2009-2013 and its impact on health service delivery in Vungu Rural District Council Clinics. The research was based on qualitative desk study design which made use of existing data and semi structured interviews to understand the effect of the National Health Strategy on health service delivery in Vungu Rural Districts Council Clinics. From the literature reviewed and the data collected, it can be noted that lack of resources has had a huge effect on the execution of the strategy. The findings from the study show that the National Health Strategy was a good initiative. However, it lacked financial resources which posed challenges to the health workers in Vungu Rural District Council Clinics. The health workers were not very familiar with the National Health Strategy and this had a negative impact on its execution because they cannot execute a strategy that they are not familiar with. The study highlighted the importance of resources for the execution of the National Health Strategy. The study therefore sought to find ways the Zimbabwean Health System may formulate the health strategy with the limited resources in order to achieve desired goals. The Health Workers echoed the same sentiments that they needed resources for the implementation of the strategy. It is hoped that the findings would provide guidelines for the formulation and implementation of future health strategies. Recommendations given would ensure that there is utilisation of available resources, which would help in the execution of other health strategies to ensure efficient and effective health care service delivery. The recommendations are also intended to enhance the performance of health workers. Though the study was limited to Vungu Rural District Council Clinics the findings and recommendations would provide guidelines for other rural clinics as they use the National Health Strategy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
An assessment of the effect of implementation of performance management system on organizational performance : a case of selected public organizations in Tanzania
- Authors: Nduye, Jacob Gabriel
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Personnel management Organizational effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10573 , vital:35609
- Description: Tanzanians continue to demand improved performances and better-quality services from public organizations and the government at large. Since independence in 1961, the Tanzanian government continued to undertake a restructuring of different policies, laws and regulations in public services to improve performances and service delivery. Among the results of the restructuring was introduction of Performance Management System(PMS) across public organizations. The system meant to address and redress not only the concerns of the public on improved performances and better services, but also inculcate performance-oriented culture and accountability for results. Despite such efforts by the government, some of the problems existed before the introduction of PMS such as among others weak incentives and accountabilities, and management skills continue to impede issues of improved performance and service delivery in public organizations. It is from this context that the researcher was encouraged to research on issues of performance management system, highlighting specific areas of its effectiveness to improve performance, motivational factors, use of performance appraisal results on different decisions-making and factors for underperformances which affect organizational performances in public organizations. This study employed a mixed method research design involving both quantitative and qualitative strategies. For the qualitative strategy, data were gathered using in-depth interviews and document reviews; and for the quantitative strategy, questionnaires were used in which the relationship of different variables for the study were statistically analyzed using the SPSS Version 22. In the overall, the study evidences show a strong pressure of support at government level in terms of formulating policies, laws and regulations to back up performance management system to improve performance quality service delivery, but there is less support in public organizations levels. It became clear that many problems still make PMS effectiveness not pragmatic: Political interferences to management of public organizations, government bureaucratic procedures in amendments of outdated laws, inflexible scheme of services important for rewards and incentives and the use of manual voting system for good performances are among problems that the study identified. Furthermore, evidences have shown that a top-down management approach bottlenecks the overall implementation of performance enhancing tools for performance management system effectiveness. There is lack of workers’ participation and ownership of tools such as, strategic plans, client service charters and open performance reviews and appraisal system and the general system, and thus becoming hard to implement it in the public organizations. The study suggests practical initiatives by the government to establish highly strict quality service delivery satisfaction tracking system to allow both employees and citizens to evaluate internal and external performances of the public organizations. The findings upheld vulnerability of PMS to improve performance and service delivery, and therefore more attention and adherence to principles of performance management and laws that are biting to issues of underperformances are imperative.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nduye, Jacob Gabriel
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Personnel management Organizational effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10573 , vital:35609
- Description: Tanzanians continue to demand improved performances and better-quality services from public organizations and the government at large. Since independence in 1961, the Tanzanian government continued to undertake a restructuring of different policies, laws and regulations in public services to improve performances and service delivery. Among the results of the restructuring was introduction of Performance Management System(PMS) across public organizations. The system meant to address and redress not only the concerns of the public on improved performances and better services, but also inculcate performance-oriented culture and accountability for results. Despite such efforts by the government, some of the problems existed before the introduction of PMS such as among others weak incentives and accountabilities, and management skills continue to impede issues of improved performance and service delivery in public organizations. It is from this context that the researcher was encouraged to research on issues of performance management system, highlighting specific areas of its effectiveness to improve performance, motivational factors, use of performance appraisal results on different decisions-making and factors for underperformances which affect organizational performances in public organizations. This study employed a mixed method research design involving both quantitative and qualitative strategies. For the qualitative strategy, data were gathered using in-depth interviews and document reviews; and for the quantitative strategy, questionnaires were used in which the relationship of different variables for the study were statistically analyzed using the SPSS Version 22. In the overall, the study evidences show a strong pressure of support at government level in terms of formulating policies, laws and regulations to back up performance management system to improve performance quality service delivery, but there is less support in public organizations levels. It became clear that many problems still make PMS effectiveness not pragmatic: Political interferences to management of public organizations, government bureaucratic procedures in amendments of outdated laws, inflexible scheme of services important for rewards and incentives and the use of manual voting system for good performances are among problems that the study identified. Furthermore, evidences have shown that a top-down management approach bottlenecks the overall implementation of performance enhancing tools for performance management system effectiveness. There is lack of workers’ participation and ownership of tools such as, strategic plans, client service charters and open performance reviews and appraisal system and the general system, and thus becoming hard to implement it in the public organizations. The study suggests practical initiatives by the government to establish highly strict quality service delivery satisfaction tracking system to allow both employees and citizens to evaluate internal and external performances of the public organizations. The findings upheld vulnerability of PMS to improve performance and service delivery, and therefore more attention and adherence to principles of performance management and laws that are biting to issues of underperformances are imperative.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Critical assessment of the human resource capacity needs of senior management at Thaba Chweu Municipality in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
- Authors: Dube, Boy David
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Municipal government Rural poor Senior leadership teams
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12172 , vital:39193
- Description: The terrain of local government is not only very complex, dynamic, and challenging, but also very unique. The quality of human resources is vital in a public institution, particularly in institutions that are meant to service communities by providing sustainable basic services. Amongst the concerns raised at a municipal level are the lack of professionalism and the required competency and capacity amongst the workforce that must perform the actual duties of servicing the local communities. This study was aimed at identifying and analysing human resource development and human resource management policies, strategies and needs in line with the current circumstances and conditions at a particular municipality. A series of challenges (that a number of community members, newspaper articles, community leaders and both the Mpumalanga Provincial Government and other spheres of government raised and complained about) prompted this study. Constant complaints are leveled against municipalities about appropriate and well qualified candidates being overlooked for employment opportunities at the expense of nepotism, cronyism and blatant corrupt activities. This study is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. In line with the quantitative method of generating and assembling information, the researcher used the judgement sampling method. Questionnaires were administered to collect quantitative data while primary data was collected via interviews. Data was obtained from 45 participants in Thaba Chweu Municipality. The findings show that the majority of respondents (in the form of percentages) spoke against the capacity of the officials. A smaller percentage spoke in favour of the availability of capacity. These respondents stated that municipal officials have the required skills and capacity to perform their duties. Furthermore, the study found that there was inconsistency in the implementation of council resolutions and interference in administrative matters. These factors compromised achieving the objectives of the municipal strategies and policies. The study recommends that the municipality ensures that the human resource management and development departments are consonant with current and modernised needs and that delegations to line functionaries are properly assigned and documented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dube, Boy David
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Municipal government Rural poor Senior leadership teams
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12172 , vital:39193
- Description: The terrain of local government is not only very complex, dynamic, and challenging, but also very unique. The quality of human resources is vital in a public institution, particularly in institutions that are meant to service communities by providing sustainable basic services. Amongst the concerns raised at a municipal level are the lack of professionalism and the required competency and capacity amongst the workforce that must perform the actual duties of servicing the local communities. This study was aimed at identifying and analysing human resource development and human resource management policies, strategies and needs in line with the current circumstances and conditions at a particular municipality. A series of challenges (that a number of community members, newspaper articles, community leaders and both the Mpumalanga Provincial Government and other spheres of government raised and complained about) prompted this study. Constant complaints are leveled against municipalities about appropriate and well qualified candidates being overlooked for employment opportunities at the expense of nepotism, cronyism and blatant corrupt activities. This study is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. In line with the quantitative method of generating and assembling information, the researcher used the judgement sampling method. Questionnaires were administered to collect quantitative data while primary data was collected via interviews. Data was obtained from 45 participants in Thaba Chweu Municipality. The findings show that the majority of respondents (in the form of percentages) spoke against the capacity of the officials. A smaller percentage spoke in favour of the availability of capacity. These respondents stated that municipal officials have the required skills and capacity to perform their duties. Furthermore, the study found that there was inconsistency in the implementation of council resolutions and interference in administrative matters. These factors compromised achieving the objectives of the municipal strategies and policies. The study recommends that the municipality ensures that the human resource management and development departments are consonant with current and modernised needs and that delegations to line functionaries are properly assigned and documented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The moderating role of occupational self-efficacy and organisational justice in the relationship between perceived job insecurity and counterproductive work behaviour among bank employees in Nigeria
- Authors: Oluwole, Olugbenga Joseph
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Job security Self-efficacy Bank employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12665 , vital:39297
- Description: The unstable global economy and the drive by every organisation to remain in business and be competitive has led to many organisational downsizing, which in turn poses concerns towards identifying behaviours of the survivors’. These behaviours constitute the components of employees’ job performance which include task performance, organisational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). One of the major behavioural concerns facing organisations globally, in particular in Nigeria, is CWB, which previous studies identified as an attitudinal reaction of perceived job insecurity. Very few empirical studies in Nigeria have attempted to examine the relationship as well as the variables that can moderate the negative effect of job insecurity-CWB. This study, therefore, explores the moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy (OSE) and organisational justice on the job insecurity–CWB relationship among bank employees in Nigeria. Four theories provided the framework for the study, while a descriptive research design which utilized a cross-sectional survey was used. The multi-stage sampling procedure and purposive technique were employed to select the two participating banking organisations from the 22 licensed commercial banks in Nigeria. Using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 380 Nigerian bank employees who gave their personal consent participated through a structured questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of all the instruments are as follows: counterproductive work behaviour (α = .92), perceived job insecurity (α = .65), occupational self-efficacy (α = .82), organisational justice (α = .93) were used for data collection. The sample was taken from branches of the two selected banking organisations that cut across Lagos State, Nigeria, a cosmopolitan and Nigeria business hub. Six hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, zero-order correlation and hierarchical multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance. A significant positive relationship existed between: job insecurity and CWB (r = .14); job insecurity and sabotage (r = .23), job insecurity and withdrawal (r = .14) and job insecurity and abuse (r = .20) of sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant relationship existed between OSE and CWB (r = .12); OSE and withdrawal (r = .27) and OSE and abuse (r = .12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. And lastly, a significant positive relationship existed between organisational justice and CWB (r = .11); distributive justice and CWB (r = .13), procedural justice and CWB (r = .17); organisational justice and withdrawal (r = .35), and a negative relationship between organisational justice and production deviance (r = -.12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant positive relationship existed on distributive justice and withdrawal behaviour (r = .22) and distributive justice and abuse (r = .12); procedural justice and sabotage (r = .17); procedural justice and withdrawal (r = .44); Interactional justice and withdrawal (r = .29) and a significant negative relationship existed on interactional justice and sabotage. Furthermore, there were significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity- CWB relationship (β = .11, p<.05); significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity-abuse behaviour (β = .13, p<.05) of sub-dimension of CWB. Also, there was significant moderator effects of organisational justice in job insecurity-CWB relationship (β = -.10, p<.05), interaction effect of procedural justice in job insecurity-withdrawal behaviour relationship (β = .24, p<.01) and interaction effect of interactional justice in job insecurity-abuse behaviour relationship (β = -.39, p<.001). And lastly, there was no significant joint moderator effects of OSE and organisational justice in job insecurity and CWB relationship (β = .00, ns), while there was significant moderator effect of joint OSE and organisational justice on job insecurity – sabotage relationshi0p (β = .17, p<.01) and job insecurity – withdrawal behaviour (β = .14, p<.01) The findings of this study pointed to the significance of employees’ cognitive sense as important and stable resources which organisational practitioners need to take into consideration during organisational change approach. Also, the banking organisation must clearly state the procedure and implementations of downsizing policies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, Olugbenga Joseph
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Job security Self-efficacy Bank employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12665 , vital:39297
- Description: The unstable global economy and the drive by every organisation to remain in business and be competitive has led to many organisational downsizing, which in turn poses concerns towards identifying behaviours of the survivors’. These behaviours constitute the components of employees’ job performance which include task performance, organisational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). One of the major behavioural concerns facing organisations globally, in particular in Nigeria, is CWB, which previous studies identified as an attitudinal reaction of perceived job insecurity. Very few empirical studies in Nigeria have attempted to examine the relationship as well as the variables that can moderate the negative effect of job insecurity-CWB. This study, therefore, explores the moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy (OSE) and organisational justice on the job insecurity–CWB relationship among bank employees in Nigeria. Four theories provided the framework for the study, while a descriptive research design which utilized a cross-sectional survey was used. The multi-stage sampling procedure and purposive technique were employed to select the two participating banking organisations from the 22 licensed commercial banks in Nigeria. Using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 380 Nigerian bank employees who gave their personal consent participated through a structured questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of all the instruments are as follows: counterproductive work behaviour (α = .92), perceived job insecurity (α = .65), occupational self-efficacy (α = .82), organisational justice (α = .93) were used for data collection. The sample was taken from branches of the two selected banking organisations that cut across Lagos State, Nigeria, a cosmopolitan and Nigeria business hub. Six hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, zero-order correlation and hierarchical multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance. A significant positive relationship existed between: job insecurity and CWB (r = .14); job insecurity and sabotage (r = .23), job insecurity and withdrawal (r = .14) and job insecurity and abuse (r = .20) of sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant relationship existed between OSE and CWB (r = .12); OSE and withdrawal (r = .27) and OSE and abuse (r = .12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. And lastly, a significant positive relationship existed between organisational justice and CWB (r = .11); distributive justice and CWB (r = .13), procedural justice and CWB (r = .17); organisational justice and withdrawal (r = .35), and a negative relationship between organisational justice and production deviance (r = -.12) of the sub-dimensions of CWB. Also, a significant positive relationship existed on distributive justice and withdrawal behaviour (r = .22) and distributive justice and abuse (r = .12); procedural justice and sabotage (r = .17); procedural justice and withdrawal (r = .44); Interactional justice and withdrawal (r = .29) and a significant negative relationship existed on interactional justice and sabotage. Furthermore, there were significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity- CWB relationship (β = .11, p<.05); significant moderator effects of OSE on job insecurity-abuse behaviour (β = .13, p<.05) of sub-dimension of CWB. Also, there was significant moderator effects of organisational justice in job insecurity-CWB relationship (β = -.10, p<.05), interaction effect of procedural justice in job insecurity-withdrawal behaviour relationship (β = .24, p<.01) and interaction effect of interactional justice in job insecurity-abuse behaviour relationship (β = -.39, p<.001). And lastly, there was no significant joint moderator effects of OSE and organisational justice in job insecurity and CWB relationship (β = .00, ns), while there was significant moderator effect of joint OSE and organisational justice on job insecurity – sabotage relationshi0p (β = .17, p<.01) and job insecurity – withdrawal behaviour (β = .14, p<.01) The findings of this study pointed to the significance of employees’ cognitive sense as important and stable resources which organisational practitioners need to take into consideration during organisational change approach. Also, the banking organisation must clearly state the procedure and implementations of downsizing policies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The role of the church in social development : the case of selected churches in Nairobi, Kenya
- Authors: Mutunga, Daniel Kioko
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Perception Social action Community development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12599 , vital:39291
- Description: The church as a unique society was founded by Jesus Christ who also set a pattern for its operations. Primary to the core responsibilities of the church, according to Scripture, is to reconcile creation to the Creator by transforming society to regain its lost nature. The Christian Church in Kenya was established by missionaries from different parts of the world about three centuries ago. It has since grown and spread to almost all the parts of the country, but all the major denominations have vibrant congregations in Nairobi. A quick categorisation of the church in Kenya would be into the Mainline and the Pentecostal churches. This study set out to investigate the perception the church in Nairobi holds on in its involvement in social action, whether the church thinks social action is part of its ministry, and what kind of engagements in social action the church in Nairobi is currently having. The study employed a qualitative approach and an exploratory design. Using the questionnaire and interview methods, data was collected from thirty two (32) church leaders (including pastors) sampled to be representative of the Mainline and the Pentecostal groups of churches. The data was transcribed, coded, categorised and interpreted following the themes which emerged in relation to the study objectives and the nature of the responses. The results of the study show that the church holds different perceptions on its responsibility and involvement with regard to social action. The findings show two extremes: those who see social action as core to the mission of the church and those who think social action is the responsibility of the government or of non-governmental agencies. Generally most churches do not plan or budget for social actions. The few that are engaged in in it the budgets are far too low compared to the other church activities and the plans are unstructured and sporadic Active engagement in social action by the church in Nairobi is therefore, by and large, unplanned and episodic. However, the few who are already engaged in social action have witnessed great success in community transformation. The study concludes that the church has not fully understood its ministry and this could be the reason why social action is not part of its agenda. This further explains the sporadic and truncated nature of social action in the church in Nairobi. The study recommends a review of the curriculum in seminaries and the retraining of practising pastors to embrace holistic ministry. This will address the current misconceptions, address the current dichotomy of sacred-secular in church ministry, and hence increase organised participation of the church in social action.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mutunga, Daniel Kioko
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Perception Social action Community development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12599 , vital:39291
- Description: The church as a unique society was founded by Jesus Christ who also set a pattern for its operations. Primary to the core responsibilities of the church, according to Scripture, is to reconcile creation to the Creator by transforming society to regain its lost nature. The Christian Church in Kenya was established by missionaries from different parts of the world about three centuries ago. It has since grown and spread to almost all the parts of the country, but all the major denominations have vibrant congregations in Nairobi. A quick categorisation of the church in Kenya would be into the Mainline and the Pentecostal churches. This study set out to investigate the perception the church in Nairobi holds on in its involvement in social action, whether the church thinks social action is part of its ministry, and what kind of engagements in social action the church in Nairobi is currently having. The study employed a qualitative approach and an exploratory design. Using the questionnaire and interview methods, data was collected from thirty two (32) church leaders (including pastors) sampled to be representative of the Mainline and the Pentecostal groups of churches. The data was transcribed, coded, categorised and interpreted following the themes which emerged in relation to the study objectives and the nature of the responses. The results of the study show that the church holds different perceptions on its responsibility and involvement with regard to social action. The findings show two extremes: those who see social action as core to the mission of the church and those who think social action is the responsibility of the government or of non-governmental agencies. Generally most churches do not plan or budget for social actions. The few that are engaged in in it the budgets are far too low compared to the other church activities and the plans are unstructured and sporadic Active engagement in social action by the church in Nairobi is therefore, by and large, unplanned and episodic. However, the few who are already engaged in social action have witnessed great success in community transformation. The study concludes that the church has not fully understood its ministry and this could be the reason why social action is not part of its agenda. This further explains the sporadic and truncated nature of social action in the church in Nairobi. The study recommends a review of the curriculum in seminaries and the retraining of practising pastors to embrace holistic ministry. This will address the current misconceptions, address the current dichotomy of sacred-secular in church ministry, and hence increase organised participation of the church in social action.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Water resources management and its impact on small scale farming :the case of Lesotho
- Authors: Malinga, Wayne
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Water resources development -- Lesotho Water-supply -- Lesotho Farms, Small -- Lesotho
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9089 , vital:34256
- Description: This study is premised on the assumption that empowering the small-scale farmers in securing property rights and enforcement of these rights are the prime movers of agricultural development. Logically, it follows that by empowering small-scale farmers and giving them access to resources such as credits, subsidies and extension services the state can play a mediating role in transforming the agricultural land scape in Lesotho. Unless farmers are empowered the water resources in Lesotho will continue to serve the interest of the rent-seeking elite. Given the nature of the issues under investigation, the mixed research methodology (the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods) was used as a method of inquiry in order to get a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of water resources management and its subsequent impact on small scale farming in the rural areas of Lesotho. Both methods played a complimentary role by capitalising on both their strengths and weaknesses so as to provide various dynamics and linkages between the two variables of water resources management and small scale farming. The material condition of small scale farmers is intrinsically associated with the active state mediation in agriculture. Yet, the adopted Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach is still to materialise. This thesis, thus, argues that there is a need for a more holistic integrated water resources management framework that is livelihoods based and re-emphasises the need for conserving the ecosystem. Therefore, implementing a more holistic integrated water resources management approach is critical and vital in improving agricultural production and subsequently the livelihoods of small scale farmers and households. Although this thesis used Lesotho as the case study, it is hoped that the findings may provide tentative answers for other Sub-Saharan countries on how to properly and efficiently manage water resources so as to boost agricultural production amongst small scale farmers in order to improve human conditions and promote sustainable development in the rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Malinga, Wayne
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Water resources development -- Lesotho Water-supply -- Lesotho Farms, Small -- Lesotho
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9089 , vital:34256
- Description: This study is premised on the assumption that empowering the small-scale farmers in securing property rights and enforcement of these rights are the prime movers of agricultural development. Logically, it follows that by empowering small-scale farmers and giving them access to resources such as credits, subsidies and extension services the state can play a mediating role in transforming the agricultural land scape in Lesotho. Unless farmers are empowered the water resources in Lesotho will continue to serve the interest of the rent-seeking elite. Given the nature of the issues under investigation, the mixed research methodology (the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods) was used as a method of inquiry in order to get a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of water resources management and its subsequent impact on small scale farming in the rural areas of Lesotho. Both methods played a complimentary role by capitalising on both their strengths and weaknesses so as to provide various dynamics and linkages between the two variables of water resources management and small scale farming. The material condition of small scale farmers is intrinsically associated with the active state mediation in agriculture. Yet, the adopted Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach is still to materialise. This thesis, thus, argues that there is a need for a more holistic integrated water resources management framework that is livelihoods based and re-emphasises the need for conserving the ecosystem. Therefore, implementing a more holistic integrated water resources management approach is critical and vital in improving agricultural production and subsequently the livelihoods of small scale farmers and households. Although this thesis used Lesotho as the case study, it is hoped that the findings may provide tentative answers for other Sub-Saharan countries on how to properly and efficiently manage water resources so as to boost agricultural production amongst small scale farmers in order to improve human conditions and promote sustainable development in the rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A bring your own device information security behavioural model
- Authors: Musarurwa, Alfred
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Data protection Computer security -- Management Privacy, Right of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8587 , vital:33166
- Description: The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) phenomenon has become prevalent in the modern-day workplace, including the banking industry. Employees who own devices have become the unintended administrators of the organisation’s information as their mobile devices often carry information belonging to the organisation. The unintended administrator is not necessarily schooled or aware of the information security risks and challenges that are associated with the BYOD. This inadvertently shifts the management of organisational information security from the information technology (IT) administrator to the unintended administrator. This shift leaves the organisation at risk of information security breaches that can permeate the organisation, which result from the behaviour that the unintended administrator displays when operating the mobile device. This study introduces the BYOD Information Security Behavioural (BISB) model. The model constructs are a combination of individual and organisational traits of the unintended administrator. The purpose of this study is to mitigate the risks posed by the unintended administrator in organisations through the implementation this model. The risk that the unintended administrator poses in relation to the BYOD phenomenon results in chief information officers (CIOs) being unable to totally control these mobile devices. Traditional endpoint information security management tools and methods can no longer secure devices in the BYOD the way they can in the traditional network where they are confined to the organisation’s IT administrator. This results in the organisation’s information security becoming the responsibility of the unintended administrator. This study was conducted in the banking sector in Zimbabwe. It is noteworthy that the BYOD phenomenon has become prevalent in the banking sector among other organisational sectors like education, health or even government departments. Information security is also an important component of the banks as such and a choice was made to conduct the study in the banking industry. The design science research paradigm was followed in this study and included a survey of 270 bank employees in Zimbabwe, which received 170 complete responses. A literature review on both employee behaviour and organisational culture was conducted, followed by a case study of a commercial bank in Zimbabwe. The literature review culminated in traits that were then classified as individual traits and organisational traits. Six constructs –, knowledge, attitude, habit, environment, governance and training – were identified from the literature and combined to form the BYOD information security behavioural (BISB) model. Statistical calculations were conducted on the survey results which informed the reliability, validity and rigour of the model constructs. An expert review including industry experts was conducted to evaluate the BISB model. This study concludes by recommending that organisations in Zimbabwe should make use of the BISB model to mitigate the information security risks that are posed by the unintended administrator. While there are technical solutions for managing the information security risks that come with the BYOD, this study points out that without harnessing the individual and organisational traits that make up the BYOD information security behavioural model for the unintended administrator, technical solutions alone will not be effective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Musarurwa, Alfred
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Data protection Computer security -- Management Privacy, Right of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8587 , vital:33166
- Description: The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) phenomenon has become prevalent in the modern-day workplace, including the banking industry. Employees who own devices have become the unintended administrators of the organisation’s information as their mobile devices often carry information belonging to the organisation. The unintended administrator is not necessarily schooled or aware of the information security risks and challenges that are associated with the BYOD. This inadvertently shifts the management of organisational information security from the information technology (IT) administrator to the unintended administrator. This shift leaves the organisation at risk of information security breaches that can permeate the organisation, which result from the behaviour that the unintended administrator displays when operating the mobile device. This study introduces the BYOD Information Security Behavioural (BISB) model. The model constructs are a combination of individual and organisational traits of the unintended administrator. The purpose of this study is to mitigate the risks posed by the unintended administrator in organisations through the implementation this model. The risk that the unintended administrator poses in relation to the BYOD phenomenon results in chief information officers (CIOs) being unable to totally control these mobile devices. Traditional endpoint information security management tools and methods can no longer secure devices in the BYOD the way they can in the traditional network where they are confined to the organisation’s IT administrator. This results in the organisation’s information security becoming the responsibility of the unintended administrator. This study was conducted in the banking sector in Zimbabwe. It is noteworthy that the BYOD phenomenon has become prevalent in the banking sector among other organisational sectors like education, health or even government departments. Information security is also an important component of the banks as such and a choice was made to conduct the study in the banking industry. The design science research paradigm was followed in this study and included a survey of 270 bank employees in Zimbabwe, which received 170 complete responses. A literature review on both employee behaviour and organisational culture was conducted, followed by a case study of a commercial bank in Zimbabwe. The literature review culminated in traits that were then classified as individual traits and organisational traits. Six constructs –, knowledge, attitude, habit, environment, governance and training – were identified from the literature and combined to form the BYOD information security behavioural (BISB) model. Statistical calculations were conducted on the survey results which informed the reliability, validity and rigour of the model constructs. An expert review including industry experts was conducted to evaluate the BISB model. This study concludes by recommending that organisations in Zimbabwe should make use of the BISB model to mitigate the information security risks that are posed by the unintended administrator. While there are technical solutions for managing the information security risks that come with the BYOD, this study points out that without harnessing the individual and organisational traits that make up the BYOD information security behavioural model for the unintended administrator, technical solutions alone will not be effective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A critical review of broad based Black Economic Empowerment policy implementation in the forest sector in Amahlathi Municipality
- Authors: Haruna, Suraj
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Blacks -- South Africa -- Economic conditions South Africa -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8736 , vital:33488
- Description: African countries have become synonymous with policy drafters and abortive policy implementers. After independence from long period colonialism, slavery and apartheid, African states policy administrators began putting in place policies to improve either the living conditions of citizens or the inequities emanating from the administration of colonial governments. However, these policies do little to naught to meet the aforementioned goals. The Free Education Systems in Nigeria and Ghana, and the Indigenization Policy in Zimbabwe are examples of policies that experienced miscarriage of policy implementation in the past. This study therefore, aspires to explore the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment policy implementation in the forest sector and specifically identify bottlenecks in the implementation processes in South Africa. Qualitative approach was used in order to meet the primary and secondary objectives of the study. Semi structured interview questions were administered to relevant companies, institutions and the municipality which were purposely sampled to capture the processes of the BBBEE implementation. The study revealed that measured entities are complying with the prescript of the policy but that finance and a continuous policy amendment presents a bottleneck in the implementation dynamics. Lastly, labour intensive measured entities find it impossible to meet the skills development element due to high cost of training. These results suggest that the value envisaged is not being met. The study also found that verification agencies are effectively providing their watchdog function in the implementation of the policy however the use of technology is non-existent in monitoring the process. Finally the study found that agencies are hired by measured entities to verify their BBBEE status which presents a huge inducement for both parties to collude. It also found that the policy is implemented in a top-down approach hence municipalities have been relegated from the implementation process. The study recommends decentralization of the policy in a strategy called Local Economic Equity for the Disadvantaged (LEED) which involves the expertise of white South Africans and permanent resident people in order to build truly inclusive society envisaged by the Constitution of South Africa. Additionally, it recommends the use of technology dubbed e-BBBEE to implement the policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Haruna, Suraj
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Blacks -- South Africa -- Economic conditions South Africa -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8736 , vital:33488
- Description: African countries have become synonymous with policy drafters and abortive policy implementers. After independence from long period colonialism, slavery and apartheid, African states policy administrators began putting in place policies to improve either the living conditions of citizens or the inequities emanating from the administration of colonial governments. However, these policies do little to naught to meet the aforementioned goals. The Free Education Systems in Nigeria and Ghana, and the Indigenization Policy in Zimbabwe are examples of policies that experienced miscarriage of policy implementation in the past. This study therefore, aspires to explore the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment policy implementation in the forest sector and specifically identify bottlenecks in the implementation processes in South Africa. Qualitative approach was used in order to meet the primary and secondary objectives of the study. Semi structured interview questions were administered to relevant companies, institutions and the municipality which were purposely sampled to capture the processes of the BBBEE implementation. The study revealed that measured entities are complying with the prescript of the policy but that finance and a continuous policy amendment presents a bottleneck in the implementation dynamics. Lastly, labour intensive measured entities find it impossible to meet the skills development element due to high cost of training. These results suggest that the value envisaged is not being met. The study also found that verification agencies are effectively providing their watchdog function in the implementation of the policy however the use of technology is non-existent in monitoring the process. Finally the study found that agencies are hired by measured entities to verify their BBBEE status which presents a huge inducement for both parties to collude. It also found that the policy is implemented in a top-down approach hence municipalities have been relegated from the implementation process. The study recommends decentralization of the policy in a strategy called Local Economic Equity for the Disadvantaged (LEED) which involves the expertise of white South Africans and permanent resident people in order to build truly inclusive society envisaged by the Constitution of South Africa. Additionally, it recommends the use of technology dubbed e-BBBEE to implement the policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the need for a monitoring model for public service training facilitators :|bthe case of a training agency at an Eastern Cape university
- Authors: Masha, Anthony Kambi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of Group facilitation Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13138 , vital:39468
- Description: The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of a mentoring model for public service Training Facilitators. The study followed a qualitative interpretive research design whereby semi-structured interviews were used to gain answers from the three constructs addressing the research questions. The results of an assessment that was conducted by the researcher in this study indicate that there is a lack of a mentoring programme for FHS Training Facilitators and that the development of competencies and skills for Training Facilitators through mentoring is non-existent. It was through the findings that the need of mentoring was envisaged, leading to the creation of a comprehensive mentoring model for Leadership Development training. Findings relating to questions regarding the purpose of mentoring, knowledge of presenting training programmes on Leadership Development and requisite competencies and professionalism of Training Facilitators indicate that there is need for a mentoring programme for Leadership Development training at FHS. This study is therefore significant in that a mentoring model has been developed. The study is a new line of inquiry and will make an original contribution to literature on mentoring, proactive training methods and Leadership Development. There is little known on proactive training methods for Millenials on Leadership Development both in South Africa and internationally. This study had a bias towards the qualitative approach. It was conducted in the Eastern Cape Province. For this research, respondents were only Training Facilitators at FHS. The empirical study was limited to male or female Training Facilitators working for FHS and Training Facilitators who have worked for FHS for at least more than a year. The Management of FHS and administration staff members were excluded from the study since the study included only Training Facilitators from the Human Capital Training and Development Unit at FHS. The main focus of the study is mentoring, and does not include related aspects, such as career coaching, executive coaching, action learning and learnerships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Masha, Anthony Kambi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of Group facilitation Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13138 , vital:39468
- Description: The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of a mentoring model for public service Training Facilitators. The study followed a qualitative interpretive research design whereby semi-structured interviews were used to gain answers from the three constructs addressing the research questions. The results of an assessment that was conducted by the researcher in this study indicate that there is a lack of a mentoring programme for FHS Training Facilitators and that the development of competencies and skills for Training Facilitators through mentoring is non-existent. It was through the findings that the need of mentoring was envisaged, leading to the creation of a comprehensive mentoring model for Leadership Development training. Findings relating to questions regarding the purpose of mentoring, knowledge of presenting training programmes on Leadership Development and requisite competencies and professionalism of Training Facilitators indicate that there is need for a mentoring programme for Leadership Development training at FHS. This study is therefore significant in that a mentoring model has been developed. The study is a new line of inquiry and will make an original contribution to literature on mentoring, proactive training methods and Leadership Development. There is little known on proactive training methods for Millenials on Leadership Development both in South Africa and internationally. This study had a bias towards the qualitative approach. It was conducted in the Eastern Cape Province. For this research, respondents were only Training Facilitators at FHS. The empirical study was limited to male or female Training Facilitators working for FHS and Training Facilitators who have worked for FHS for at least more than a year. The Management of FHS and administration staff members were excluded from the study since the study included only Training Facilitators from the Human Capital Training and Development Unit at FHS. The main focus of the study is mentoring, and does not include related aspects, such as career coaching, executive coaching, action learning and learnerships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An Information Security Policy Compliance Reinforcement and Assessment Framework
- Authors: Gundu, Tapiwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Computer security Information technology -- Security measures Business -- Data processing -- Security measures Computer networks -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9556 , vital:34445
- Description: The majority of SMEs have adopted the use of information communication and technology (ICT) services. However, this has exposed their systems to new internal and external security vulnerabilities. These SMEs seem more concerned with external threat related vulnerabilities rather than those from internal threats, although researchers and industry are suggesting a substantial proportion of security incidents to be originating from insiders. Internal threat is often addressed by, firstly, a security policy in order to direct activities and, secondly, organisational information security training and awareness programmes. These two approaches aim to ensure that employees are proficient in their roles and that they know how to carry out their responsibilities securely. There has been a significant amount of research conducted to ensure that information security programmes communicate the information security policy effectively and reinforce sound security practice. However, an assessment of the genuine effectiveness of such programmes is seldom carried out. The purposes of this research study were, firstly, to highlight the flaws in assessing behavioural intentions and equating such behavioural intentions with actual behaviours in information security; secondly, to present an information security policy compliance reinforcement and assessment framework which assists in promoting the conversion of intentions into actual behaviours and in assessing the behavioural change. The approach used was based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, knowledge, attitude and behaviour theory and Deterrence Theory. Expert review and action research methods were used to validate and refine the framework. The action research was rigorously conducted in four iterations at an SME in South Africa and involved 30 participating employees. The main findings of the study revealed that even though employees may have been well trained and are aware of information security good practice, they may be either unable or unwilling to comply with such practice. The findings of the study also revealed that awareness drives which lead to secure behavioural intents are merely a first step in information security compliance. The study found that not all behavioural intentions converted to actual secure behaviours and only 64% converted. However, deterrence using rewards for good behaviour and punishment for undesirable behaviour was able to increase the conversion by 21%.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Gundu, Tapiwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Computer security Information technology -- Security measures Business -- Data processing -- Security measures Computer networks -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9556 , vital:34445
- Description: The majority of SMEs have adopted the use of information communication and technology (ICT) services. However, this has exposed their systems to new internal and external security vulnerabilities. These SMEs seem more concerned with external threat related vulnerabilities rather than those from internal threats, although researchers and industry are suggesting a substantial proportion of security incidents to be originating from insiders. Internal threat is often addressed by, firstly, a security policy in order to direct activities and, secondly, organisational information security training and awareness programmes. These two approaches aim to ensure that employees are proficient in their roles and that they know how to carry out their responsibilities securely. There has been a significant amount of research conducted to ensure that information security programmes communicate the information security policy effectively and reinforce sound security practice. However, an assessment of the genuine effectiveness of such programmes is seldom carried out. The purposes of this research study were, firstly, to highlight the flaws in assessing behavioural intentions and equating such behavioural intentions with actual behaviours in information security; secondly, to present an information security policy compliance reinforcement and assessment framework which assists in promoting the conversion of intentions into actual behaviours and in assessing the behavioural change. The approach used was based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, knowledge, attitude and behaviour theory and Deterrence Theory. Expert review and action research methods were used to validate and refine the framework. The action research was rigorously conducted in four iterations at an SME in South Africa and involved 30 participating employees. The main findings of the study revealed that even though employees may have been well trained and are aware of information security good practice, they may be either unable or unwilling to comply with such practice. The findings of the study also revealed that awareness drives which lead to secure behavioural intents are merely a first step in information security compliance. The study found that not all behavioural intentions converted to actual secure behaviours and only 64% converted. However, deterrence using rewards for good behaviour and punishment for undesirable behaviour was able to increase the conversion by 21%.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Disasters and development nexus : theory and practice - a case of Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chatora, Gift
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Disaster relief Human beings -- Effect of environment on Political ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11525 , vital:39080
- Description: This study is premised on the notion that disasters and development have a nexus, both theoretically and practically although the two fields have been traditionally viewed as antagonistic at face value. The principal objective was to analyze the existing theoretical and practical gaps between disasters and development in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, factors that affect achievement of disaster mitigation and development linkages in Zimbabwe were critically examined. The study conceptualizes disasters and development from multiple angles. The nested relationship between disasters and development are reinforced with the use of multiple disaster risk reduction strategies to mitigate vulnerability in both rural and urban areas. Hence, this study opted for the mixed methods approach from conceptualization throughout the research process so as to capitalize on the strengths entrenched in both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Drawing on a mixed methodology approach, this study approached the variables from multiple dimensions since disasters and development are intertwined. Evidently, the study demonstrates that disasters and development have a strong nexus, theoretically and practically. This confirms the study hypothesis that disasters and development are correlated, as disasters can both destroy development initiatives and create development opportunities, and that development schemes can both increase and decrease vulnerability. The study also found that policy practice in Zimbabwe is heavily fragmented, thereby leading to incoherent policy implementation. This results in increased vulnerability and huge disaster impacts that erode development gains therefore compromising achievement of sustainable development goals. Hence, the study recommended for the adoption of a Disaster Risk Reduction theoretical framework in cementing the disasters and development linkages theoretically and pragmatically. DRR enhances community’s resilience capacity in curtailing the progression of vulnerability and mitigate the accelerated incubation of disasters that impact on development strides.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Chatora, Gift
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Disaster relief Human beings -- Effect of environment on Political ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11525 , vital:39080
- Description: This study is premised on the notion that disasters and development have a nexus, both theoretically and practically although the two fields have been traditionally viewed as antagonistic at face value. The principal objective was to analyze the existing theoretical and practical gaps between disasters and development in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, factors that affect achievement of disaster mitigation and development linkages in Zimbabwe were critically examined. The study conceptualizes disasters and development from multiple angles. The nested relationship between disasters and development are reinforced with the use of multiple disaster risk reduction strategies to mitigate vulnerability in both rural and urban areas. Hence, this study opted for the mixed methods approach from conceptualization throughout the research process so as to capitalize on the strengths entrenched in both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Drawing on a mixed methodology approach, this study approached the variables from multiple dimensions since disasters and development are intertwined. Evidently, the study demonstrates that disasters and development have a strong nexus, theoretically and practically. This confirms the study hypothesis that disasters and development are correlated, as disasters can both destroy development initiatives and create development opportunities, and that development schemes can both increase and decrease vulnerability. The study also found that policy practice in Zimbabwe is heavily fragmented, thereby leading to incoherent policy implementation. This results in increased vulnerability and huge disaster impacts that erode development gains therefore compromising achievement of sustainable development goals. Hence, the study recommended for the adoption of a Disaster Risk Reduction theoretical framework in cementing the disasters and development linkages theoretically and pragmatically. DRR enhances community’s resilience capacity in curtailing the progression of vulnerability and mitigate the accelerated incubation of disasters that impact on development strides.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Exhaustible resources and the hotelling rule : an empirical test of the hotelling rule's significance to gold production in South Africa
- Authors: Mlambo, Courage
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Natural resources -- Mathematical models Econometrics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4738 , vital:28507
- Description: The study sought to test the applicability of the Hotelling rule in South Africa. In environmental economics, the Hotelling rule has come to be a pillar of the exhaustible resources framework and in addition to this, it has presented essential insights into the consumption and extraction of non-renewable resources. Hotelling sought to address one important question which had been unanswered regarding the depletion of exhaustible resources: How much of the natural resource in question should be consumed presently and how much of it should be stocked up for future generations? The focus was to find a solution for those involved in the exploitation of natural resources to choose between the current value of the natural resource if extracted and sold and the future increased value of the asset if left unexploited. According to the Hotelling rule, the extraction path in competitive market economies will, under certain circumstances, be socially optimal. An extraction path that is not socially optimal compromises the welfare of future generations. The welfare of South Africa’s present population and more especially in the future will be greatly determined by the stock of natural resources available and the quality of the environment. Currently, the production processes deplete natural resources. Concern with the supposed increasing scarcity of gold in South Africa, and the possibility of running out of gold, has become a source of concern. South Africa’s gold reserves (gold in the ground that can be extracted profitably) are becoming depleted at an alarming rate. Most reserves are already exhausted; and the costs involved in mining lower-grade ore, and deposits located very deep in the ground, are becoming excessive. In light of this, this study sought to test the applicability of the Hotelling rule in South Africa. In order to empirically test the Hotelling rule, the study was guided by previous literature that had sought to test it. In this regard, the study used both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study has three data analysis chapters. The first two presented and examined the time series properties of gold prices, gold production and gold consumption. The third data analysis chapter examined the relationship between gold price and interest rates. In the first two data analysis chapters, visual inspection, growth rates, variance ratio tests and advanced unit root tests were used to examine the time series properties of gold prices, gold production and gold consumption. Results showed that the behaviour of the gold price series and gold production series in South Africa have a behaviour that is socially optimal. This is in line with the Hotelling rule. The rule predicts exponentially increasing resource prices and this result in mineral resources following the path of the positive trend. The positive trend is prompted by the increasing price reflecting the increasing scarcity of the resource. However, consumption trends were seen to be violating the Hotelling rule. The Hotelling rule predicts that the price increases until it eventually reaches the choke price, where the quantity demanded decreases to zero. However, in contrast to this, results showed that the demand for gold has been increasing instead of decreasing. This is not in line with the Hotelling rule. Furthermore the relationship between interest rate and gold price was negative and this suggested that the price of gold was not rising at the rate of the interest rate. The results of the study suggested that gold production is not following a social optimally path. The study recommended that the government come up with measures that prolong the lifespan of the gold reserves. These included research and development to promote technological innovations in the mining sector. This may make it possible for firms to access lower-grade ores. The study also recommended that since the Hotelling rule partly applied in the gold sector, there is a need to adopt some other theoretical measures that can ensure that the proceeds from the gold taxes are used in the most effective way.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mlambo, Courage
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Natural resources -- Mathematical models Econometrics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4738 , vital:28507
- Description: The study sought to test the applicability of the Hotelling rule in South Africa. In environmental economics, the Hotelling rule has come to be a pillar of the exhaustible resources framework and in addition to this, it has presented essential insights into the consumption and extraction of non-renewable resources. Hotelling sought to address one important question which had been unanswered regarding the depletion of exhaustible resources: How much of the natural resource in question should be consumed presently and how much of it should be stocked up for future generations? The focus was to find a solution for those involved in the exploitation of natural resources to choose between the current value of the natural resource if extracted and sold and the future increased value of the asset if left unexploited. According to the Hotelling rule, the extraction path in competitive market economies will, under certain circumstances, be socially optimal. An extraction path that is not socially optimal compromises the welfare of future generations. The welfare of South Africa’s present population and more especially in the future will be greatly determined by the stock of natural resources available and the quality of the environment. Currently, the production processes deplete natural resources. Concern with the supposed increasing scarcity of gold in South Africa, and the possibility of running out of gold, has become a source of concern. South Africa’s gold reserves (gold in the ground that can be extracted profitably) are becoming depleted at an alarming rate. Most reserves are already exhausted; and the costs involved in mining lower-grade ore, and deposits located very deep in the ground, are becoming excessive. In light of this, this study sought to test the applicability of the Hotelling rule in South Africa. In order to empirically test the Hotelling rule, the study was guided by previous literature that had sought to test it. In this regard, the study used both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study has three data analysis chapters. The first two presented and examined the time series properties of gold prices, gold production and gold consumption. The third data analysis chapter examined the relationship between gold price and interest rates. In the first two data analysis chapters, visual inspection, growth rates, variance ratio tests and advanced unit root tests were used to examine the time series properties of gold prices, gold production and gold consumption. Results showed that the behaviour of the gold price series and gold production series in South Africa have a behaviour that is socially optimal. This is in line with the Hotelling rule. The rule predicts exponentially increasing resource prices and this result in mineral resources following the path of the positive trend. The positive trend is prompted by the increasing price reflecting the increasing scarcity of the resource. However, consumption trends were seen to be violating the Hotelling rule. The Hotelling rule predicts that the price increases until it eventually reaches the choke price, where the quantity demanded decreases to zero. However, in contrast to this, results showed that the demand for gold has been increasing instead of decreasing. This is not in line with the Hotelling rule. Furthermore the relationship between interest rate and gold price was negative and this suggested that the price of gold was not rising at the rate of the interest rate. The results of the study suggested that gold production is not following a social optimally path. The study recommended that the government come up with measures that prolong the lifespan of the gold reserves. These included research and development to promote technological innovations in the mining sector. This may make it possible for firms to access lower-grade ores. The study also recommended that since the Hotelling rule partly applied in the gold sector, there is a need to adopt some other theoretical measures that can ensure that the proceeds from the gold taxes are used in the most effective way.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Mineral governance and human development : the case of Western Ghana
- Authors: Danso, Felix
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mines and mineral resources -- Ghana Mining law -- Ghana Mineral industries -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8725 , vital:33472
- Description: This thesis focuses on mineral governance and how it can contribute to ameliorating human development challenges in Ghana. The study adopted the human centered mineral resource governance approach to assess the mineral governance structure in Ghana and identified that, the current system is a colonial legacy and does not promote human development in Ghana. The study, whilst recognizing the legacies of colonialism, argues that in order for mineral resources to be managed responsibly to promote human development, there should be a paradigm shift to focus on how mineral resources are governed. As a result, the study, relying on the human centered development approach investigates how mineral resources can be governed to promote development in Ghana, with specific focus on the mineral wealth Western Region of the country. Due to the finite nature of mineral resources, the human centered development approach argues that revenues from mineral resources should be invested in human capacity building and medical care delivery. Further, the mining sector should be integrated with other non-mining sectors of the economy to create jobs and provide alternative livelihoods which will go a long way to assist in the general expansion and growth of the country‟s economy. Although this thesis is a case study of mineral governance in Ghana, it can serve as a springboard to appreciate the role mineral governance can play in promoting people centered development in other sub – Saharan mineral wealth countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Danso, Felix
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mines and mineral resources -- Ghana Mining law -- Ghana Mineral industries -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8725 , vital:33472
- Description: This thesis focuses on mineral governance and how it can contribute to ameliorating human development challenges in Ghana. The study adopted the human centered mineral resource governance approach to assess the mineral governance structure in Ghana and identified that, the current system is a colonial legacy and does not promote human development in Ghana. The study, whilst recognizing the legacies of colonialism, argues that in order for mineral resources to be managed responsibly to promote human development, there should be a paradigm shift to focus on how mineral resources are governed. As a result, the study, relying on the human centered development approach investigates how mineral resources can be governed to promote development in Ghana, with specific focus on the mineral wealth Western Region of the country. Due to the finite nature of mineral resources, the human centered development approach argues that revenues from mineral resources should be invested in human capacity building and medical care delivery. Further, the mining sector should be integrated with other non-mining sectors of the economy to create jobs and provide alternative livelihoods which will go a long way to assist in the general expansion and growth of the country‟s economy. Although this thesis is a case study of mineral governance in Ghana, it can serve as a springboard to appreciate the role mineral governance can play in promoting people centered development in other sub – Saharan mineral wealth countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Psychological capital and emotional intelligence as moderators of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour among graduate employees in Nigeria
- Authors: Aderibigbe, John Kolawole
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Psychology, Industrial Emotional intelligence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8642 , vital:33250
- Description: The study investigated psychological capital and emotional intelligence as moderators of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour among graduate employees in Nigeria, using the explanatory cross-sectional (survey) research design and three sampling techniques (The Two-stage Cluster Sampling Method, The Convenience Sampling Method and The Purposive Sampling Technique) to sample 1532 male and female graduate employees in Nigeria. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Six hypotheses were stated and tested in the study towards propounding a model, using Pearson Correlation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. The results show that there is a weak positive relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, r = 0.070, p<0.01; there is a significant positive relationship between psychological capital and organisational citizenship behaviour, r = 0.588, p<0.01; there is a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and organisational citizenship behaviour, r = 0.473, p<0.01; psychological capital is a significant moderator of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, F (2,1529) = 8.514; R2= 0.011; p <.05; emotional intelligence is a significant moderator of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, F (2,1529) = 5.945; R2= 0.008; p <.05; psychological capital and emotional intelligence are significant joint moderators of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, F (1,1530) = 221.240; R2= 0.186; p <.05; psychological capital has a direct and significant positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour, R= 0.657, p<.001; emotional intelligence has a direct and significant positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour, R= 0.183, p<.001; psychological capital has a direct and significant positive effect on occupational stress, R= 0.100, p<.001; emotional intelligence has a direct and significant positive effect on psychological capital, R= 0.547, p<.001. Based on the results, the study concludes that psychological capital and emotional intelligence are significant joint moderators of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour. The proposed model was, therefore, empirically confirmed. The researcher recommends that the empirical model of effective management of occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, which has been propounded in the study, should be adopted and applied by teachers, lecturers, seminar facilitators, workshop trainers, supervisors and managers during their coaching or training sessions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Aderibigbe, John Kolawole
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Psychology, Industrial Emotional intelligence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8642 , vital:33250
- Description: The study investigated psychological capital and emotional intelligence as moderators of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour among graduate employees in Nigeria, using the explanatory cross-sectional (survey) research design and three sampling techniques (The Two-stage Cluster Sampling Method, The Convenience Sampling Method and The Purposive Sampling Technique) to sample 1532 male and female graduate employees in Nigeria. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Six hypotheses were stated and tested in the study towards propounding a model, using Pearson Correlation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. The results show that there is a weak positive relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, r = 0.070, p<0.01; there is a significant positive relationship between psychological capital and organisational citizenship behaviour, r = 0.588, p<0.01; there is a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and organisational citizenship behaviour, r = 0.473, p<0.01; psychological capital is a significant moderator of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, F (2,1529) = 8.514; R2= 0.011; p <.05; emotional intelligence is a significant moderator of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, F (2,1529) = 5.945; R2= 0.008; p <.05; psychological capital and emotional intelligence are significant joint moderators of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, F (1,1530) = 221.240; R2= 0.186; p <.05; psychological capital has a direct and significant positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour, R= 0.657, p<.001; emotional intelligence has a direct and significant positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour, R= 0.183, p<.001; psychological capital has a direct and significant positive effect on occupational stress, R= 0.100, p<.001; emotional intelligence has a direct and significant positive effect on psychological capital, R= 0.547, p<.001. Based on the results, the study concludes that psychological capital and emotional intelligence are significant joint moderators of the relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour. The proposed model was, therefore, empirically confirmed. The researcher recommends that the empirical model of effective management of occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour, which has been propounded in the study, should be adopted and applied by teachers, lecturers, seminar facilitators, workshop trainers, supervisors and managers during their coaching or training sessions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The impact of emotional intelligence on the work and carrer performance of early career academics at the University of Fort Hare
- Authors: Marembo, Mathew
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Career development Emotional intelligence Personnel management -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8541 , vital:33091
- Description: Orientation – Early Career Academics (ECAs) in their quest to make significant strides in their academic career are faced with a changing academic context, limited support from employers and circumstances emanating from globalization. All these may arouse emotions, fears, anxieties and uncertainties. Many authorities have exhibited emotional intelligence (EI) to be important in terms of self-management, coping and adaptation. In this regard EI may be influential in the career performance of ECAs. Research Purpose – The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EI on the career and work performance of ECAs at the University of Fort Hare. Motivation of the Study – EI is criticized for not being easily measurable and also for not being a sufficient predicting factor to individual performance. Little research exists on EI as a predictor to ECAs career progression. Research Approach, Design and Method – The study utilized quantitative data measurement scales. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale was used to measure EI whilst career performance was measured using the Perceived Career Success Scale. The principles of structural equation modelling were applied in formulating the research hypotheses and in data analysis. Main Findings - Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors from the SEIS, which were named expression of emotion, perception of emotion, use of emotion and regulation of emotion. Expression, perception and regulation of emotions were found to significantly influence job success, interpersonal success, non-organisational success and hierarchical success. The overall EI was not significant to explain change in ECAs career performance. The researcher also found no significant differences in the EI scores on the basis of ECAs age, gender and work experience. Practical/Managerial Implications - The findings to this study may be useful for career counselling and personal development such that an individual may be able to maximize performance and achievement of career goals. The study recommends that EI may be incorporated in learning programs so that ECAs and other professionals may improve their EI. Future research is encouraged on both ECAs and their senior counterparts in the same context of EI. Contribution or value-add – The study contributes to the debate on the predictive power of EI which is criticised by some authorities in the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Marembo, Mathew
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Career development Emotional intelligence Personnel management -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8541 , vital:33091
- Description: Orientation – Early Career Academics (ECAs) in their quest to make significant strides in their academic career are faced with a changing academic context, limited support from employers and circumstances emanating from globalization. All these may arouse emotions, fears, anxieties and uncertainties. Many authorities have exhibited emotional intelligence (EI) to be important in terms of self-management, coping and adaptation. In this regard EI may be influential in the career performance of ECAs. Research Purpose – The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EI on the career and work performance of ECAs at the University of Fort Hare. Motivation of the Study – EI is criticized for not being easily measurable and also for not being a sufficient predicting factor to individual performance. Little research exists on EI as a predictor to ECAs career progression. Research Approach, Design and Method – The study utilized quantitative data measurement scales. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale was used to measure EI whilst career performance was measured using the Perceived Career Success Scale. The principles of structural equation modelling were applied in formulating the research hypotheses and in data analysis. Main Findings - Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors from the SEIS, which were named expression of emotion, perception of emotion, use of emotion and regulation of emotion. Expression, perception and regulation of emotions were found to significantly influence job success, interpersonal success, non-organisational success and hierarchical success. The overall EI was not significant to explain change in ECAs career performance. The researcher also found no significant differences in the EI scores on the basis of ECAs age, gender and work experience. Practical/Managerial Implications - The findings to this study may be useful for career counselling and personal development such that an individual may be able to maximize performance and achievement of career goals. The study recommends that EI may be incorporated in learning programs so that ECAs and other professionals may improve their EI. Future research is encouraged on both ECAs and their senior counterparts in the same context of EI. Contribution or value-add – The study contributes to the debate on the predictive power of EI which is criticised by some authorities in the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Utilisation of the Auditor-General's reports in improving the audit outcomes at selected municipalities within Amathole District Municipality (2006- 2015)
- Kwaza, Makhosandile Hercules
- Authors: Kwaza, Makhosandile Hercules
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Auditing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Civil service -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1664 , vital:27540
- Description: Amathole District Municipality has for the past five consecutive years been receiving an unqualified audit opinion from the AGSA. This has been the trend, despite the commitment made by the Executive Mayor in April 2012 to the then Auditor-General, Mr Nombembe, that the leadership of the municipality would deliver a clean audit outcome by 30 June 2013. This scenario is replicated in the local municipalities within the district. Two of the district municipalities have for the past three consecutive years been receiving a disclaimer audit opinion. In one of the municipalities, this trend changed; and this municipality received an unqualified audit opinion for two consecutive years; while in the third year, it received a qualified audit opinion. The stagnation and regression in the audit outcomes of these municipalities may be as a result of either the non-implementation of audit-action plans to address the previous year’s audit findings; or there could be other factors resulting in the above scenario. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether the utilisation of the Auditor-General’s reports improve the audit outcomes in selected municipalities within Amathole District Municipality for the period 01 July 2006 to 30 June 2015.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Kwaza, Makhosandile Hercules
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Auditing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Civil service -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1664 , vital:27540
- Description: Amathole District Municipality has for the past five consecutive years been receiving an unqualified audit opinion from the AGSA. This has been the trend, despite the commitment made by the Executive Mayor in April 2012 to the then Auditor-General, Mr Nombembe, that the leadership of the municipality would deliver a clean audit outcome by 30 June 2013. This scenario is replicated in the local municipalities within the district. Two of the district municipalities have for the past three consecutive years been receiving a disclaimer audit opinion. In one of the municipalities, this trend changed; and this municipality received an unqualified audit opinion for two consecutive years; while in the third year, it received a qualified audit opinion. The stagnation and regression in the audit outcomes of these municipalities may be as a result of either the non-implementation of audit-action plans to address the previous year’s audit findings; or there could be other factors resulting in the above scenario. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether the utilisation of the Auditor-General’s reports improve the audit outcomes in selected municipalities within Amathole District Municipality for the period 01 July 2006 to 30 June 2015.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the role of leadership in the successful implementation of performance management : a case of the Eastern Cape district municipalities
- Authors: Dweba, Zandisile Moses
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12183 , vital:39194
- Description: At the core of this study is the quest to understand the role leaders play in the successful implementation of performance management in the Eastern Cape municipalities, in the Republic of South Africa. Among the triggers for the study, was the Auditor-General’s lamentation that leaders did not set the correct tone by implementing sound performance management processes, evaluating and monitoring performance in the South African municipalities. He attributed this failure, inter alia, to the lack of employees’ and leadership commitment to the sound implementation of performance management. In an attempt to gain a deeper understanding and possibly respond to the Auditor-Generals’ concern, the researcher sought: To assess the role of leadership and ascertain the extent to which the identified leadership roles were demonstrated in the successful implementation of performance management in the Eastern Cape District Municipalities. Following a review of literature and the conducting of a mixed-methods, empirical study, numerous revelations and findings were made, among which were that, the literature on the leadership-performance link continued to be fragmented and lacking in uniformly defining the concepts, let alone the link between leadership and performance. Because of the multi-dimensionality and the multi-faceted nature of the leadership concept, there still existed a need for more detailed studies on the nature of the leadership-performance link. The eight roles of innovator, broker, producer, director, coordinator, monitor, facilitator and mentor suggested by Quinn, do not provide an exhaustive list of roles, although they provide a starting point on which leader capacitation could be anchored. Whilst the respondents had overwhelmingly affirmed that leaders played the requisite roles in their municipalities, concerns were expressed on deficient leadership competence, poor screening of new leadership entrants, and party political allegiance which was perceived to, at times, cloud their roles. Following a review of literature and past research, numerous studies were uncovered, on the leadership-performance link, which appeared to need consolidation, synthesis and refinement, with a view to sifting and isolating areas that might be of benefit to the implementation of performance management in the Eastern Cape municipalities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Dweba, Zandisile Moses
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12183 , vital:39194
- Description: At the core of this study is the quest to understand the role leaders play in the successful implementation of performance management in the Eastern Cape municipalities, in the Republic of South Africa. Among the triggers for the study, was the Auditor-General’s lamentation that leaders did not set the correct tone by implementing sound performance management processes, evaluating and monitoring performance in the South African municipalities. He attributed this failure, inter alia, to the lack of employees’ and leadership commitment to the sound implementation of performance management. In an attempt to gain a deeper understanding and possibly respond to the Auditor-Generals’ concern, the researcher sought: To assess the role of leadership and ascertain the extent to which the identified leadership roles were demonstrated in the successful implementation of performance management in the Eastern Cape District Municipalities. Following a review of literature and the conducting of a mixed-methods, empirical study, numerous revelations and findings were made, among which were that, the literature on the leadership-performance link continued to be fragmented and lacking in uniformly defining the concepts, let alone the link between leadership and performance. Because of the multi-dimensionality and the multi-faceted nature of the leadership concept, there still existed a need for more detailed studies on the nature of the leadership-performance link. The eight roles of innovator, broker, producer, director, coordinator, monitor, facilitator and mentor suggested by Quinn, do not provide an exhaustive list of roles, although they provide a starting point on which leader capacitation could be anchored. Whilst the respondents had overwhelmingly affirmed that leaders played the requisite roles in their municipalities, concerns were expressed on deficient leadership competence, poor screening of new leadership entrants, and party political allegiance which was perceived to, at times, cloud their roles. Following a review of literature and past research, numerous studies were uncovered, on the leadership-performance link, which appeared to need consolidation, synthesis and refinement, with a view to sifting and isolating areas that might be of benefit to the implementation of performance management in the Eastern Cape municipalities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An exploration of challenges in leadership development within Eskom's distribution division operating unit : a case-study of Limpopo Province
- Authors: Mashau, Mbangiseni Adam
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) Leadership -- South Africa Government business enterprises -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8198 , vital:31965
- Description: Although the issue of leadership is a sensitive subject especially when dealt with it in the context of State Owned Entities operations, avoiding the need to highlight the seriousness of plights and challenges hampering adequate development of current and prospective leaders may be regarded as an act of ignorance. It is certainly better to have the knowledge and not use it than to want to use critical information but you do not have it at all. As South Africans, we are currently more than lucky to be living in the democratic era where a thirst and hunger of knowledge is entirely one’s choice. The South African communities and Sate Owned Enterprises leaders deserve to be informed about issues regarding the performance of these entities in order for them to partake positively. State Owned Entities are undoubtedly the face of the country and consequently, their leadership is expected to play exemplary role of the highest order because their acts and/or omissions may not go unnoticed. Although all State Owned Entities are essential, Eskom is known to be the blood and oxygen for the country’s competitiveness and driving force behind the economy. Adequate leadership development within Eskom’s Limpopo Operating Unit can only positively impact on the major operations in the province and the country in particular. Although Eskom Distribution Division is found throughout South Africa, Limpopo province was selected to be a case to be studied. The study used a qualitative research methodology with the aim of eliciting narrated data from participants. Through this research methodology, a focus group approach was applied in order to narrow down the scope of the study. The study revealed that factors such as lack of self-confidence, fear of possible positional take-over by new comers, lack of succession planning and failure to implement the contents of Individual Development Plans are amongst a barrage of hindrances of adequate leadership development in the Business Unit. Despite the fact that the aforementioned impediments are seemingly known by the Business Unit’s senior management, it has also been revealed that officials are obscured by the need to focus on results whilst neglecting development of human capital. Due to the critical role that is played by Eskom in the country, the study has potential of positively contributing to the body of knowledge, other SOEs and professional practices in general.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mashau, Mbangiseni Adam
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) Leadership -- South Africa Government business enterprises -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8198 , vital:31965
- Description: Although the issue of leadership is a sensitive subject especially when dealt with it in the context of State Owned Entities operations, avoiding the need to highlight the seriousness of plights and challenges hampering adequate development of current and prospective leaders may be regarded as an act of ignorance. It is certainly better to have the knowledge and not use it than to want to use critical information but you do not have it at all. As South Africans, we are currently more than lucky to be living in the democratic era where a thirst and hunger of knowledge is entirely one’s choice. The South African communities and Sate Owned Enterprises leaders deserve to be informed about issues regarding the performance of these entities in order for them to partake positively. State Owned Entities are undoubtedly the face of the country and consequently, their leadership is expected to play exemplary role of the highest order because their acts and/or omissions may not go unnoticed. Although all State Owned Entities are essential, Eskom is known to be the blood and oxygen for the country’s competitiveness and driving force behind the economy. Adequate leadership development within Eskom’s Limpopo Operating Unit can only positively impact on the major operations in the province and the country in particular. Although Eskom Distribution Division is found throughout South Africa, Limpopo province was selected to be a case to be studied. The study used a qualitative research methodology with the aim of eliciting narrated data from participants. Through this research methodology, a focus group approach was applied in order to narrow down the scope of the study. The study revealed that factors such as lack of self-confidence, fear of possible positional take-over by new comers, lack of succession planning and failure to implement the contents of Individual Development Plans are amongst a barrage of hindrances of adequate leadership development in the Business Unit. Despite the fact that the aforementioned impediments are seemingly known by the Business Unit’s senior management, it has also been revealed that officials are obscured by the need to focus on results whilst neglecting development of human capital. Due to the critical role that is played by Eskom in the country, the study has potential of positively contributing to the body of knowledge, other SOEs and professional practices in general.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016