The labour court’s approach in awarding costs
- Authors: Minnie, Wouter
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Labour matters , Law of costs , Labour Court
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66151 , vital:74423
- Description: The unanimous judgment in the CC case of Union for Police Security and Corrections Organisations v South African Custodial Management (Pty) Ltd and Others [2021] ZACC 26, delivered by Judge Khampepe, highlighted the distinct approach to costs in labour matters. While the general rule in litigation is that costs follow the result, the Constitutional Court has consistently emphasised that this principle does not apply in labour disputes, as clarified in the landmark case of Zungu v Premier of the Province of KwaZulu-Natal and Others (CCT136/17) [2018] ZACC 1; (2018) 39 ILJ 523 (CC); [2018] 4 BLLR 323 (CC); 2018 (6) BCLR 686 (CC) (22 January 2018). The court emphasised its constitutional and statutory obligation to depart from the general rule in labour matters. However, section 162 of the LRA provides the LC with the authority to order the payment of costs based on the requirements of the law and fairness. Similarly, section 179 of the LRA grants the LAC the discretion to make cost orders considering the law and fairness. This presents an intriguing legal debate surrounding the interpretation of the LRA provisions and the assertion that costs do not follow the result in labour matters. It raises questions about whether this assertion aligns with sections 162 and 179 of the LRA and whether it applies to labour matters beyond the purview of the LC and LAC, such as disputes rooted in the law of contracts, administrative law or common law which can be adjudicated in alternative forums. This treatise aims to explore the historical development of the South African law of costs, with a particular focus on costs in labour matters. It will critically analyse whether the courts’ approach to costs in labour matters is legally sound, fair and consistent. By delving into these issues, this treatise intends to contribute to the scholarly discussion on costs in labour disputes, assess the appropriateness of the current approach, and propose potential areas for improvement. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile Law, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-04
Current harmonic compensation of nonlinear loads in a three phase, four wire system
- Authors: Mtakati, Sibulele Morgen
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Electric utilities -- Quality control , Electric power systems , Electric power system stability
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66581 , vital:75607
- Description: Nonlinear loads, in low voltage distribution networks, inject current harmonics which affect the quality of supply voltages. In this work, the power usage of a university student residential complex was logged over a four day period for analysis of harmonic currents injected by nonlinear loads. Student residents use nonlinear loads such as lighting, televisions, computer power supplies, and other household appliances. The harmonic analysis was performed on the quality of voltages in the university’s distribution network, the level of current distortion in the load current and the contribution of triplen harmonics to the neutral current. Standards such as the NRS048-2 (2007), IEEE-519 (2014) and IEC61000-3-2 (2009) are helpful in regulating harmonic levels in the distribution network, however, they cannot guarantee good quality supply. This work further investigates two methods of current harmonic cancellation, i.e. a shunt passive and an active current harmonic cancellation technique. A passive power filter was designed, built, and evaluated for a given nonlinear load to provide selective filtering of the dominant current harmonics. A four branch, shunt, passive filter was considered in this work for implementation in a three phase four wire distribution network due to its attractive possibility to be tuned to two different harmonic components with a minimum number of passive elements. While passive filters may be inexpensive, they suffer from several disadvantages, such as providing fixed compensation, performance that is source impedance dependent, has an inherent risk of system resonance and detuning due to ageing and component variation. To overcome the disadvantages of passive filters, a shunt connected active power filter was designed, built and evaluated to provide adjustable, wide bandwidth and dynamic correction to nonlinear loads for the compensation of harmonic currents, reactive power, and neutral currents. The controller used was an indirect FFT-based technique with a second order generalized integrator (SOGI) filter for voltage synchronization. It was digitally implemented in an FPGA programmed in VHDL to allow for fast parallel processing of input variables. , Thesis (MEng) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Engineering, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-12