Electrical-static discharge in single point diamond turning machining of contact lens polymers
- Authors: Kadermani, Mohamed Munir
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Electric discharges , Electrostatics , Contact lenses , Polymers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEngineering (Mechatronics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4055 , vital:20508
- Description: Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT) is a technology widely applied for the fabrication of contact lenses. One of the limiting factors in polymer machining is wear of the diamond tool due to electrostatic discharge resulting in poor surface quality of the machined products. The research work presented in this dissertation highlights the electrostatic properties of contact lenses during machining operations and the effects these properties have on the surface quality of the work piece materials. Two contact lens samples were experimented on, Definitive 74 (Silicone Hydrogel) and Tyro 97 (Rigid Gas Permeable). The electrostatic surface potentials (ESPs) were measured during turning operations using an electrostatic voltmeter and the surface roughness measurements were taken using a surface profilometer. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques were employed to create predictive models for both surface roughness and ESPs with respect to the cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Predictive surface roughness models were successfully generated for both materials and the cutting speed and feed rate were identified as the parameters with most effect on surface roughness. In addition, an electrostatic model was successfully generated for the Definitive 74 contact lens material which cited the cutting speed and feed rate as the most effective parameters on the material’s electrostatic behaviour. However, no relationship was evident between the machining parameters and electrostatic behaviour of Tyro 97.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Kadermani, Mohamed Munir
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Electric discharges , Electrostatics , Contact lenses , Polymers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEngineering (Mechatronics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4055 , vital:20508
- Description: Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT) is a technology widely applied for the fabrication of contact lenses. One of the limiting factors in polymer machining is wear of the diamond tool due to electrostatic discharge resulting in poor surface quality of the machined products. The research work presented in this dissertation highlights the electrostatic properties of contact lenses during machining operations and the effects these properties have on the surface quality of the work piece materials. Two contact lens samples were experimented on, Definitive 74 (Silicone Hydrogel) and Tyro 97 (Rigid Gas Permeable). The electrostatic surface potentials (ESPs) were measured during turning operations using an electrostatic voltmeter and the surface roughness measurements were taken using a surface profilometer. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques were employed to create predictive models for both surface roughness and ESPs with respect to the cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Predictive surface roughness models were successfully generated for both materials and the cutting speed and feed rate were identified as the parameters with most effect on surface roughness. In addition, an electrostatic model was successfully generated for the Definitive 74 contact lens material which cited the cutting speed and feed rate as the most effective parameters on the material’s electrostatic behaviour. However, no relationship was evident between the machining parameters and electrostatic behaviour of Tyro 97.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Empowerment of school governing bodies in selected schools, King William's Town education district
- Authors: Ronoti, Zamikhaya Sydwell
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: School boards -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School board members -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6585 , vital:21120
- Description: This study investigates the impact of school governing bodies (SGBs) empowerment on school governance in King William’s Town. The study focuses on SGBs challenges and plights, highlights the effects of their lack of empowerment and suggests the review of the election criteria used to elect SGBs who have the potential to be empowered. Furthermore, it explores the elements and methods of empowerment that can be utilised to empower SGBs and examines the difficulties SGBs experience in accounting for finances and formulating and implementing policies. The researcher makes recommendations on the empowerment of SGBs based on the findings of the study. It was necessary to review literature on empowerment and school governance to attain the research goals. Conflicts and the mismanagement of finances indicate a noticeable gap between South African Schools Act policy intention and policy practice. The majority of SGBs, particularly the parent component in rural and semi-urban areas, have low levels of education. As a result, it is difficult to empower members because they have little or no basic knowledge, skills and expertise with regard to school governance. The manner in which SGBs function and carry out their duties, roles and responsibilities indicates that SGBs received inadequate training. SGBs lack awareness of the regulations governing the appointment of educators, hence a number of disputes arise. The increasing number of disputes (both formal and informal) in respect of appointments and promotions results from misinterpretations of or variations in legislation governing appointments in schools as well as the competency or capacity of SGBs. To investigate this problem, interviews were used as the research instrument to gather data from eight participants from selected schools. The main finding is that the majority of the SGBs studied are incapable of being empowered due to low illiteracy levels of some members. Low levels of or no education, a lack of basic knowledge and skills and other factors, such as a lack of educational insight and the inaccessibility of information and resources due to the use of English as the medium in which SGBs are serviced, compound the problem. The quality of the empowerment workshops, which are 'one size fits all', have a marked effect on their efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Ronoti, Zamikhaya Sydwell
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: School boards -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School board members -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6585 , vital:21120
- Description: This study investigates the impact of school governing bodies (SGBs) empowerment on school governance in King William’s Town. The study focuses on SGBs challenges and plights, highlights the effects of their lack of empowerment and suggests the review of the election criteria used to elect SGBs who have the potential to be empowered. Furthermore, it explores the elements and methods of empowerment that can be utilised to empower SGBs and examines the difficulties SGBs experience in accounting for finances and formulating and implementing policies. The researcher makes recommendations on the empowerment of SGBs based on the findings of the study. It was necessary to review literature on empowerment and school governance to attain the research goals. Conflicts and the mismanagement of finances indicate a noticeable gap between South African Schools Act policy intention and policy practice. The majority of SGBs, particularly the parent component in rural and semi-urban areas, have low levels of education. As a result, it is difficult to empower members because they have little or no basic knowledge, skills and expertise with regard to school governance. The manner in which SGBs function and carry out their duties, roles and responsibilities indicates that SGBs received inadequate training. SGBs lack awareness of the regulations governing the appointment of educators, hence a number of disputes arise. The increasing number of disputes (both formal and informal) in respect of appointments and promotions results from misinterpretations of or variations in legislation governing appointments in schools as well as the competency or capacity of SGBs. To investigate this problem, interviews were used as the research instrument to gather data from eight participants from selected schools. The main finding is that the majority of the SGBs studied are incapable of being empowered due to low illiteracy levels of some members. Low levels of or no education, a lack of basic knowledge and skills and other factors, such as a lack of educational insight and the inaccessibility of information and resources due to the use of English as the medium in which SGBs are serviced, compound the problem. The quality of the empowerment workshops, which are 'one size fits all', have a marked effect on their efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Enablers for lean process sustainability within South African manufacturing industries
- Authors: Roth, Benlloyd Koekemoer
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Lean manufacturing , Manufacturing processes , Process control
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6591 , vital:21122
- Description: James Womack and his colleagues Daniel Jones and Daniel Roos changed the way western civilization approached manufacturing. In 1990, they published a book called ‘The Machine That Changed the World: The Story of Lean Production’. It was a concept that had slowly filtered from the east but had not made its mark on the manufacturing sector. The concept of lean, born out of the Japanese Toyota Manufacturing System, was first thought to be impossible to duplicate outside of Japan. Since Womack and company popularised this “new” way of producing goods and delivering services it spread across industries finding popularity in the medical, engineering, accounting and especially the manufacturing industries. Over the last few decades lean practices has been synonymous with efficiency, cost reduction, supply chain optimisation and innovative problem solving (Anvari Norzima, Rosnah, Hojjati and Ismail, 2010; Pieterse et al., 2010; Womack et al., 1990). Lean process implementation has been researched in abundance, as has failed attempts at lean implementation. The purpose of this study was to identify and assess enablers of lean sustainability in organisations where lean processes are already being implemented. The literature study found Organisational Culture, Leadership, Employee Engagement and Trade Unions participation as factors that contributed to successful lean implementations. The author developed a model to test Organisational Culture, Leadership, Employee Engagement and Trade Unions as enablers to sustain lean practices in organisations in South Africa’s manufacturing industries. The results proved that Organisational Culture, Leadership and Employee Engagement were considered enablers for lean sustainability. These three enablers have an interlinked relationship and together help sustainability. Lacking just one factor would surely result in unsustainable lean practices. The study was conducted in the quantitative paradigm, as the hypothesised relationship was statistically tested. The data was collected from a homogenous group via an email sent with a link to the questionnaire. The data was statistically analysed with Statistica software and Microsoft Excel.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Roth, Benlloyd Koekemoer
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Lean manufacturing , Manufacturing processes , Process control
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6591 , vital:21122
- Description: James Womack and his colleagues Daniel Jones and Daniel Roos changed the way western civilization approached manufacturing. In 1990, they published a book called ‘The Machine That Changed the World: The Story of Lean Production’. It was a concept that had slowly filtered from the east but had not made its mark on the manufacturing sector. The concept of lean, born out of the Japanese Toyota Manufacturing System, was first thought to be impossible to duplicate outside of Japan. Since Womack and company popularised this “new” way of producing goods and delivering services it spread across industries finding popularity in the medical, engineering, accounting and especially the manufacturing industries. Over the last few decades lean practices has been synonymous with efficiency, cost reduction, supply chain optimisation and innovative problem solving (Anvari Norzima, Rosnah, Hojjati and Ismail, 2010; Pieterse et al., 2010; Womack et al., 1990). Lean process implementation has been researched in abundance, as has failed attempts at lean implementation. The purpose of this study was to identify and assess enablers of lean sustainability in organisations where lean processes are already being implemented. The literature study found Organisational Culture, Leadership, Employee Engagement and Trade Unions participation as factors that contributed to successful lean implementations. The author developed a model to test Organisational Culture, Leadership, Employee Engagement and Trade Unions as enablers to sustain lean practices in organisations in South Africa’s manufacturing industries. The results proved that Organisational Culture, Leadership and Employee Engagement were considered enablers for lean sustainability. These three enablers have an interlinked relationship and together help sustainability. Lacking just one factor would surely result in unsustainable lean practices. The study was conducted in the quantitative paradigm, as the hypothesised relationship was statistically tested. The data was collected from a homogenous group via an email sent with a link to the questionnaire. The data was statistically analysed with Statistica software and Microsoft Excel.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Enabling autism educators to identify and address challenges using participatory action research
- Authors: Kok, Mandie
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Autistic children -- Education -- South Africa , Learning disabled children -- Education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7881 , vital:24318
- Description: Teachers in the field of autism education encounter multiple professional challenges in their roles as educators. Autism spectrum disorder presents with a broad range of symptoms, which places additional demands on the teacher expected to meet all the learners' needs. Insufficient teacher education and training, coupled with limited access to resources and a lack of support from the Department of Basic Education can lead to teachers feeling overwhelmed and powerless to adequately address work-related challenges. This study employed a participatory action research methodology and sought to identify challenges and develop solutions in the field of autism education. Furthermore, the goal of this study was to find ways of making use of existing resources to better meet the teachers' needs, as well as reconsidering the classroom environment in order to better meet the learners' needs. The cyclical nature of a participatory action research approach allowed the participants to renegotiate the research goals throughout the study. Data were generated through the use of open-ended group interviews, observation and written critical self-reflections. From the data, six themes emerged. First, the participants reported feeling empowered as a result of creating and sharing their personal reflections. Next, they identified the lack of support for teachers as a professional challenge. The participants also indicated that more flexible teaching strategies were required in the field of autism education. Another challenge was that teachers were uncertain of their legal rights within the field of ASD education. Poor communication between parents and teachers was identified as an important issue. Finally, it emerged that the classroom environment had a significant impact on the learners' behaviour. These findings led to the conclusion that teachers in the field of autism education should be supported and the challenges they face acknowledged and addressed by their employers as well as by the Department of Basic Education and the institutions responsible for educating and training new teachers. Finally, recommendations for possible solutions and further research were presented, based on the data generated during the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Kok, Mandie
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Autistic children -- Education -- South Africa , Learning disabled children -- Education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7881 , vital:24318
- Description: Teachers in the field of autism education encounter multiple professional challenges in their roles as educators. Autism spectrum disorder presents with a broad range of symptoms, which places additional demands on the teacher expected to meet all the learners' needs. Insufficient teacher education and training, coupled with limited access to resources and a lack of support from the Department of Basic Education can lead to teachers feeling overwhelmed and powerless to adequately address work-related challenges. This study employed a participatory action research methodology and sought to identify challenges and develop solutions in the field of autism education. Furthermore, the goal of this study was to find ways of making use of existing resources to better meet the teachers' needs, as well as reconsidering the classroom environment in order to better meet the learners' needs. The cyclical nature of a participatory action research approach allowed the participants to renegotiate the research goals throughout the study. Data were generated through the use of open-ended group interviews, observation and written critical self-reflections. From the data, six themes emerged. First, the participants reported feeling empowered as a result of creating and sharing their personal reflections. Next, they identified the lack of support for teachers as a professional challenge. The participants also indicated that more flexible teaching strategies were required in the field of autism education. Another challenge was that teachers were uncertain of their legal rights within the field of ASD education. Poor communication between parents and teachers was identified as an important issue. Finally, it emerged that the classroom environment had a significant impact on the learners' behaviour. These findings led to the conclusion that teachers in the field of autism education should be supported and the challenges they face acknowledged and addressed by their employers as well as by the Department of Basic Education and the institutions responsible for educating and training new teachers. Finally, recommendations for possible solutions and further research were presented, based on the data generated during the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Enantioselective transformations using tetrol as a chiral mediator
- Authors: Dorfling, Sasha-Lee
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Enantioselective catalysis , Trichothecenes , Catalysts , Titanium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10445 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021195
- Description: (+)-(2R,3R)-1,1,4,4-Tetraphenylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (TETROL) and its derivatives were reacted with varying molar ratios of titanium isopropoxide (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 tetraol:titanium isopropoxide) in an attempt to prepare potential titanium-based tetraol catalysts for enantioselective transformations. In each case, infrared and HNMR spectra suggested that the product was formed. We tentatively proposed that the structure of the catalyst was a spiro-type, but we could not determine conclusively what its exact structure was, despite using numerous techniques at our disposal (molecular modelling calculations, H NMR and IR spectroscopy, thermal analyses, powder diffraction, and single crystal X-ray diffraction). The catalyst and derivatives thereof were able to act catalytically for the enantioselective additions of diethylzinc compounds to aldehydes. The effects of temperature and solvent were investigated, and toluene and -78 °C were selected as optimal from the results obtained. (The reaction could, however, not be maintained at this low temperature for extended periods due to the fact that we did not have, at our disposal, the correct equipment. Each 16 h reaction was thus allowed to reach room temperature in each case.) The selectivity for the product 1-phenylpropan-1-ol (when benzaldehyde was the starting aldehyde) varied depending on the nature of the aryl substituents of the titanium-based catalyst. Using 0.2 molar equivalents of the chiral titanates, the highest selectivity was 42 percent (e.e.), but only when excess Ti(O-i-Pr)4 had been added to the reaction mixture. This was achieved with the tetra(ortho-methoxyphenyl)-TETROLate derivative. TETROL and its derivatives were also successful in metal-free catalysis where higher conversions and selectivities were observed, compared to when these were complexed to titanium. The highest selectivity was 70 percent (e.e.), achieved with the tetra(ortho-methylphenyl)TETROL derivative.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Dorfling, Sasha-Lee
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Enantioselective catalysis , Trichothecenes , Catalysts , Titanium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10445 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021195
- Description: (+)-(2R,3R)-1,1,4,4-Tetraphenylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (TETROL) and its derivatives were reacted with varying molar ratios of titanium isopropoxide (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 tetraol:titanium isopropoxide) in an attempt to prepare potential titanium-based tetraol catalysts for enantioselective transformations. In each case, infrared and HNMR spectra suggested that the product was formed. We tentatively proposed that the structure of the catalyst was a spiro-type, but we could not determine conclusively what its exact structure was, despite using numerous techniques at our disposal (molecular modelling calculations, H NMR and IR spectroscopy, thermal analyses, powder diffraction, and single crystal X-ray diffraction). The catalyst and derivatives thereof were able to act catalytically for the enantioselective additions of diethylzinc compounds to aldehydes. The effects of temperature and solvent were investigated, and toluene and -78 °C were selected as optimal from the results obtained. (The reaction could, however, not be maintained at this low temperature for extended periods due to the fact that we did not have, at our disposal, the correct equipment. Each 16 h reaction was thus allowed to reach room temperature in each case.) The selectivity for the product 1-phenylpropan-1-ol (when benzaldehyde was the starting aldehyde) varied depending on the nature of the aryl substituents of the titanium-based catalyst. Using 0.2 molar equivalents of the chiral titanates, the highest selectivity was 42 percent (e.e.), but only when excess Ti(O-i-Pr)4 had been added to the reaction mixture. This was achieved with the tetra(ortho-methoxyphenyl)-TETROLate derivative. TETROL and its derivatives were also successful in metal-free catalysis where higher conversions and selectivities were observed, compared to when these were complexed to titanium. The highest selectivity was 70 percent (e.e.), achieved with the tetra(ortho-methylphenyl)TETROL derivative.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Enhancing project success using an organisational architecture approach
- Authors: Jonker, Martin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Project management , Strategic planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4101 , vital:20512
- Description: Poor project performance creates a dilemma for managers in both the public and private sectors. Much research has been conducted on project success, but the relationship between organisational architecture and project success has not been fully explored. This led to the main research question of the study, which was: How can project success be better explained and understood from the perspective of organisational architecture theory? A literature review was conducted on the nature of projects, the project environment, and how project success can be defined and measured, including a discussion on success criteria and critical success factors. Organisational architecture was broken down into its core components. These components were further categorised into structural, operational or procedural, and behavioural (culture, motivation and leadership) components after which literature within each of these components were analysed and discussed. The study used a positivistic paradigm and collected quantitative data that was statistically analysed. An electronic questionnaire was successfully launched and distributed via an email link, which worked through the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) web survey system. This was done within the framework of built environment projects that are typically implemented through partnerships between the public and private sector. A satisfactory response rate was obtained from built environment professionals in South Africa to allow inference of the sample results to the population. The following hypotheses were tested in this study: H1.1: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between organisational structure and project success. H1.2: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between the use and application of traditional operations management tools and techniques and project success. H1.3: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between organisational culture and project success. H1.4: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between motivation and project success. H1.5: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between leadership and project success. An analysis of the survey results revealed that, according to South African built environment professionals, there is an overall significant relationship between organisational architecture and project success. Following an overview of the main findings, an Organisational Architecture – Project Success (OAPS) framework was presented as a recommendation of how to better explain and understand the relationship between organisational architecture and project success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Jonker, Martin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Project management , Strategic planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4101 , vital:20512
- Description: Poor project performance creates a dilemma for managers in both the public and private sectors. Much research has been conducted on project success, but the relationship between organisational architecture and project success has not been fully explored. This led to the main research question of the study, which was: How can project success be better explained and understood from the perspective of organisational architecture theory? A literature review was conducted on the nature of projects, the project environment, and how project success can be defined and measured, including a discussion on success criteria and critical success factors. Organisational architecture was broken down into its core components. These components were further categorised into structural, operational or procedural, and behavioural (culture, motivation and leadership) components after which literature within each of these components were analysed and discussed. The study used a positivistic paradigm and collected quantitative data that was statistically analysed. An electronic questionnaire was successfully launched and distributed via an email link, which worked through the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) web survey system. This was done within the framework of built environment projects that are typically implemented through partnerships between the public and private sector. A satisfactory response rate was obtained from built environment professionals in South Africa to allow inference of the sample results to the population. The following hypotheses were tested in this study: H1.1: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between organisational structure and project success. H1.2: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between the use and application of traditional operations management tools and techniques and project success. H1.3: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between organisational culture and project success. H1.4: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between motivation and project success. H1.5: The perception of South African built environment professionals is that there is a significant relationship between leadership and project success. An analysis of the survey results revealed that, according to South African built environment professionals, there is an overall significant relationship between organisational architecture and project success. Following an overview of the main findings, an Organisational Architecture – Project Success (OAPS) framework was presented as a recommendation of how to better explain and understand the relationship between organisational architecture and project success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Enhancing public participation in the integrated development planning process: a case of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Yekani, Babalo
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Public administration -- Planning , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8989 , vital:26453
- Description: The aim of the study is to investigate effective strategies and processes for public participation in the IDP process in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. A qualitative study was undertaken and literature review on public participation in terms of the Integrated Development Planning was conducted. Relevant secondary data was sourced and structured interviews were conducted with three (3) ward councillors in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipal. Focus group interviews were also conducted with ward committee members from three (3) wards in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The findings of this research indicate that ward councilors have limited information on administrative processes. This could lead to ward councillors not be able to provide feedback on various service delivery issues and the progress of the municipal projects. Also ward councillors may not be able to influence public participation if they do not understand their role in administrative processes such as monitoring implementation of council decisions and policies. Ward councillors have no influence on the Integrated Development Planning especially the cost and budget estimates for municipal projects which are intended to benefit the members of the community. On the basis of the key findings, recommendations were made that ward committees should be empowered to deal with the complex developments in the Integrated Development Planning process and ward councillors should play a leading role in the Integrated Development Planning process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Yekani, Babalo
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Public administration -- Planning , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8989 , vital:26453
- Description: The aim of the study is to investigate effective strategies and processes for public participation in the IDP process in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. A qualitative study was undertaken and literature review on public participation in terms of the Integrated Development Planning was conducted. Relevant secondary data was sourced and structured interviews were conducted with three (3) ward councillors in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipal. Focus group interviews were also conducted with ward committee members from three (3) wards in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The findings of this research indicate that ward councilors have limited information on administrative processes. This could lead to ward councillors not be able to provide feedback on various service delivery issues and the progress of the municipal projects. Also ward councillors may not be able to influence public participation if they do not understand their role in administrative processes such as monitoring implementation of council decisions and policies. Ward councillors have no influence on the Integrated Development Planning especially the cost and budget estimates for municipal projects which are intended to benefit the members of the community. On the basis of the key findings, recommendations were made that ward committees should be empowered to deal with the complex developments in the Integrated Development Planning process and ward councillors should play a leading role in the Integrated Development Planning process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Environmental flows, health and importance of macrophytes in the estuaries of water management area 11
- Authors: Cowie, Meredith
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Estuarine ecology -- South Africa , Estuaries -- South Africa -- Management , Aquatic plants -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7930 , vital:24324
- Description: Estuaries require sufficient quantity, quality and appropriate timing of freshwater inflow, referred to as environmental flow requirements, to ensure adequate health and functioning. In South Africa the environmental flow requirements of estuaries is determined using Resource Directed Measures (RDM). The present health and importance of an estuary must be considered when determining the ecological flow required to maintain an estuary in its desired state. An Estuarine Health Index that quantifies changes in abiotic and biotic components from natural conditions to present day is used. Health of biotic components is assessed according to changes in species richness, abundance and community composition. There has, however, been debate regarding the calculation of these attributes. In particular, for macrophytes, the inclusion of all habitat within the Estuarine Functional Zone (i.e. 5 m topographical contour) would affect the health and changes over time determined in past assessments. This is due to different areas being included as different areas would be included The aim of this study was to test the validity and suggest improvements to South Africa’s RDM macrophyte health score determination. The health of macrophytes were assessed at varying levels of intensity from desktop studies to thorough field studies. Rapid field studies provided a visual estimate of macrophyte health; while the intermediate and comprehensive assessments quantified change by mapping the distribution of macrophyte habitats from aerial photographs. These approaches were applied to the 64 estuaries within the Mvoti-Mzimkulu Water Management Area (WMA 11), situated in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) on the subtropical east coast. Historically, these estuaries have supported restricted macrophyte habitats. Consequently, estuaries that presently or historically supported range limited habitats such as mangroves and swamp forest are considered important. Submerged macrophytes are scarce in KZN estuaries due to siltation and low turbidity and thus estuaries supporting this macrophyte habitat are also important. Based on available literature important estuaries were highlighted and selected for field studies. Transects spanning from the estuary water channel to the boundary of the EFZ provided a generalised distribution of KZN vegetation along an elevation gradient. The transition from estuarine to terrestrial vegetation can be used to improve the current EFZ boundaries, as estuarine area has been found to occur outside of the 5 m contour in some estuaries. Results from the desktop assessment indicated that most of the estuaries are moderately modified. There was a 50 % similarity in the macrophyte health scores determined by the desktop assessment to the 2011 National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). Field studies mostly confirmed the desktop assessment aside from seven estuaries that had different scores. There has been a significant loss of macrophyte habitat with 100% loss of certain habitats from 9 of the 22 estuaries for which there were field assessments. Submerged macrophytes were not found at any of the estuaries that were assessed in the field. Black mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., were rediscovered at Ngane Estuary, however the few individuals could not be considered a ‘mappable’ community (i.e. <0.5 ha). Mtamvuna and Mkomazi estuaries both supported small stands of mangroves that, compared to data from 2006, appeared healthy. Macrophyte habitats and surrounding coastal forest matched the species composition described in the Vegetation Map of South Africa. The freshwater mangrove or Powder puff tree, Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Roxb, was not abundant in the estuaries. It was only found at four (Damba, Fafa, Little Amanzimtoti and Mvoti) of the estuaries that were assessed in the field. Important estuaries, from a botanical perspective, included some of the larger estuaries such as Mgeni, Durban Bay and Sipingo. Smaller, healthier estuaries that presently support mangrove and swamp forest habitat were also identified as important from a botanical perspective. Macrophyte habitats have mainly been lost due to non-flow related pressures. Sugarcane cultivation occurred within the floodplain of 25% of the estuaries. Nutrient enrichment was evident for 12.5% of the estuaries and reed encroachment was evident for 27% of estuaries for which there were field assessments. Development, aside from the N2 road bridges, was evident for 40% of the estuaries assessed in the field. Invasive plant species, including aquatic invasive plants, were present in all estuaries assessed in the field. The extent of invasive plant species was related to the degree of disturbance and surrounding land use pressures. The Mkomazi and Mvoti estuaries that were assessed at a comprehensive level, as they have earmarked for further water abstraction, had the poorest macrophyte health scores. The macrophyte health of these estuaries was much lower than previously determined by the NBA. The decline in health was attributed to the removal of macrophyte habitat for sugarcane cultivation and development as well as displacement by invasive plant species. The areas covered by the macrophyte habitats also differed from the NBA highlighting the importance of updated mapping and ground truthing. Largely differing macrophyte health scores were produced when attributes were calculated using different combinations of macrophyte habitats. Results indicate that only macrophyte habitats and no other floodplain vegetation should be included when calculating abundance. All macrophyte habitats, physical habitats and floodplain should be incorporated when calculating community composition. The minimum of these attributes is used as the overall macrophyte health score as a precautionary approach is followed. Scoring of health is subjective and the only benchmark for determining the most appropriate method is comparion with previous RDM studies. This study illustrates the need for a standardised RDM scoring method that is presented in a manner that ensures the same results irregardless of the speciliast conducting the study. The updated estuary health and importance scores for WMA 11 are necessary to inform management, particularly as few of the estuaries receive formal protection. In conclusion, this study contributed to the limited knowledge of the estuaries of WMA 11 and assisted in determining appropriate methods for assessing the health and importance of estuary macrophytes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Cowie, Meredith
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Estuarine ecology -- South Africa , Estuaries -- South Africa -- Management , Aquatic plants -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7930 , vital:24324
- Description: Estuaries require sufficient quantity, quality and appropriate timing of freshwater inflow, referred to as environmental flow requirements, to ensure adequate health and functioning. In South Africa the environmental flow requirements of estuaries is determined using Resource Directed Measures (RDM). The present health and importance of an estuary must be considered when determining the ecological flow required to maintain an estuary in its desired state. An Estuarine Health Index that quantifies changes in abiotic and biotic components from natural conditions to present day is used. Health of biotic components is assessed according to changes in species richness, abundance and community composition. There has, however, been debate regarding the calculation of these attributes. In particular, for macrophytes, the inclusion of all habitat within the Estuarine Functional Zone (i.e. 5 m topographical contour) would affect the health and changes over time determined in past assessments. This is due to different areas being included as different areas would be included The aim of this study was to test the validity and suggest improvements to South Africa’s RDM macrophyte health score determination. The health of macrophytes were assessed at varying levels of intensity from desktop studies to thorough field studies. Rapid field studies provided a visual estimate of macrophyte health; while the intermediate and comprehensive assessments quantified change by mapping the distribution of macrophyte habitats from aerial photographs. These approaches were applied to the 64 estuaries within the Mvoti-Mzimkulu Water Management Area (WMA 11), situated in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) on the subtropical east coast. Historically, these estuaries have supported restricted macrophyte habitats. Consequently, estuaries that presently or historically supported range limited habitats such as mangroves and swamp forest are considered important. Submerged macrophytes are scarce in KZN estuaries due to siltation and low turbidity and thus estuaries supporting this macrophyte habitat are also important. Based on available literature important estuaries were highlighted and selected for field studies. Transects spanning from the estuary water channel to the boundary of the EFZ provided a generalised distribution of KZN vegetation along an elevation gradient. The transition from estuarine to terrestrial vegetation can be used to improve the current EFZ boundaries, as estuarine area has been found to occur outside of the 5 m contour in some estuaries. Results from the desktop assessment indicated that most of the estuaries are moderately modified. There was a 50 % similarity in the macrophyte health scores determined by the desktop assessment to the 2011 National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). Field studies mostly confirmed the desktop assessment aside from seven estuaries that had different scores. There has been a significant loss of macrophyte habitat with 100% loss of certain habitats from 9 of the 22 estuaries for which there were field assessments. Submerged macrophytes were not found at any of the estuaries that were assessed in the field. Black mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., were rediscovered at Ngane Estuary, however the few individuals could not be considered a ‘mappable’ community (i.e. <0.5 ha). Mtamvuna and Mkomazi estuaries both supported small stands of mangroves that, compared to data from 2006, appeared healthy. Macrophyte habitats and surrounding coastal forest matched the species composition described in the Vegetation Map of South Africa. The freshwater mangrove or Powder puff tree, Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Roxb, was not abundant in the estuaries. It was only found at four (Damba, Fafa, Little Amanzimtoti and Mvoti) of the estuaries that were assessed in the field. Important estuaries, from a botanical perspective, included some of the larger estuaries such as Mgeni, Durban Bay and Sipingo. Smaller, healthier estuaries that presently support mangrove and swamp forest habitat were also identified as important from a botanical perspective. Macrophyte habitats have mainly been lost due to non-flow related pressures. Sugarcane cultivation occurred within the floodplain of 25% of the estuaries. Nutrient enrichment was evident for 12.5% of the estuaries and reed encroachment was evident for 27% of estuaries for which there were field assessments. Development, aside from the N2 road bridges, was evident for 40% of the estuaries assessed in the field. Invasive plant species, including aquatic invasive plants, were present in all estuaries assessed in the field. The extent of invasive plant species was related to the degree of disturbance and surrounding land use pressures. The Mkomazi and Mvoti estuaries that were assessed at a comprehensive level, as they have earmarked for further water abstraction, had the poorest macrophyte health scores. The macrophyte health of these estuaries was much lower than previously determined by the NBA. The decline in health was attributed to the removal of macrophyte habitat for sugarcane cultivation and development as well as displacement by invasive plant species. The areas covered by the macrophyte habitats also differed from the NBA highlighting the importance of updated mapping and ground truthing. Largely differing macrophyte health scores were produced when attributes were calculated using different combinations of macrophyte habitats. Results indicate that only macrophyte habitats and no other floodplain vegetation should be included when calculating abundance. All macrophyte habitats, physical habitats and floodplain should be incorporated when calculating community composition. The minimum of these attributes is used as the overall macrophyte health score as a precautionary approach is followed. Scoring of health is subjective and the only benchmark for determining the most appropriate method is comparion with previous RDM studies. This study illustrates the need for a standardised RDM scoring method that is presented in a manner that ensures the same results irregardless of the speciliast conducting the study. The updated estuary health and importance scores for WMA 11 are necessary to inform management, particularly as few of the estuaries receive formal protection. In conclusion, this study contributed to the limited knowledge of the estuaries of WMA 11 and assisted in determining appropriate methods for assessing the health and importance of estuary macrophytes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Evaluating entrepreneurial traits and business practices of SMEs in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Klaas, Matthew Thamsanqa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship New business enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11103 , vital:26885
- Description: Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) are considered a vital catalyst for economic growth and a source of job creation. In South Africa, with the high levels of unemployment, the contribution made by SMEs is of particular importance. However this sector of the economy is plagued by a high rate of business failure. In an effort to improve the current situation, this study sought to identify which business practices and entrepreneurial traits are present in SMEs in the Eastern Cape that may enhance business performance. The research was carried out amongst SMEs in the Eastern Cape however the results and recommendations of the study can be applied to SMEs in other parts of the country. The research methodology employed in this study was a quantitative approach. A web-based survey was distributed to potential respondents. The criteria used in identify potential respondents for the purpose of this study was that, the SME had to have less than 200 employees and been in business for more than three years. A combination of snowball and convenience sampling was used to select the sample. The researcher developed a conceptual framework using the literature as basis. The survey was distributed to 40 potential respondents. A total of 21 responses were received which translates to a 51 percent response rate. Data analysis was performed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study confirmed the existence of a significant relationship between the independent variables being human resource management, accounting, technology, internal controls and entrepreneurial traits and the dependent variables being business performance. The study affirmed the notion that certain business practices and entrepreneurial traits should be prevalent in a SMEs business in order to enhance business performance. The findings of this study are such that these business practices should be present however the variables highlighted here are not absolute as there are other business practices that are of equal importance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Klaas, Matthew Thamsanqa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship New business enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11103 , vital:26885
- Description: Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) are considered a vital catalyst for economic growth and a source of job creation. In South Africa, with the high levels of unemployment, the contribution made by SMEs is of particular importance. However this sector of the economy is plagued by a high rate of business failure. In an effort to improve the current situation, this study sought to identify which business practices and entrepreneurial traits are present in SMEs in the Eastern Cape that may enhance business performance. The research was carried out amongst SMEs in the Eastern Cape however the results and recommendations of the study can be applied to SMEs in other parts of the country. The research methodology employed in this study was a quantitative approach. A web-based survey was distributed to potential respondents. The criteria used in identify potential respondents for the purpose of this study was that, the SME had to have less than 200 employees and been in business for more than three years. A combination of snowball and convenience sampling was used to select the sample. The researcher developed a conceptual framework using the literature as basis. The survey was distributed to 40 potential respondents. A total of 21 responses were received which translates to a 51 percent response rate. Data analysis was performed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study confirmed the existence of a significant relationship between the independent variables being human resource management, accounting, technology, internal controls and entrepreneurial traits and the dependent variables being business performance. The study affirmed the notion that certain business practices and entrepreneurial traits should be prevalent in a SMEs business in order to enhance business performance. The findings of this study are such that these business practices should be present however the variables highlighted here are not absolute as there are other business practices that are of equal importance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Experiences of first year NMMU students from previously disadvantaged communities regarding academic resilience in high school education
- Hokonya, Nozipho Rungano Emma-Jean
- Authors: Hokonya, Nozipho Rungano Emma-Jean
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Resilience (Personality trait) -- South Africa , Motivation in education , Academic achievement -- South Africa , College students -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Self-perception in children
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4067 , vital:20509
- Description: The current landscape of South Africa’s education system is one riddled with many challenges. Young people studying in this unfavourable climate have become disillusioned by the failing system and this has resulted in negative attitudes towards schooling. A shortage of teaching personnel and a lack of resources further exacerbate the situation. In recent years however, it has been found that a significant number of young people seem to have “beaten the odds”, in spite of these unfavourable conditions as they have seen themselves being granted entry into tertiary institutions. The dearth of information on academic resilience and the increased number of “educational success stories” led the researcher to embark on this qualitative study. The aim of this exploratory, descriptive and contextual research study was: to enhance understanding of the academic resilience and subsequent academic success at school, as experienced by first year NMMU students from disadvantaged communities, by exploring their constructions of academic resilience. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory as well as Resilience Theory was used to examine the phenomenon of academic resilience. Purposive sampling techniques was utilised to draw participants within the NMMU’s School of Behavioural Sciences and data was collected by means of narrative accounts by participants. The two phases of narrative analysis were applied to analyse the data collected and Guba’s model for trustworthiness was used to verify the data. The findings of the study indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the fostering of resilience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Hokonya, Nozipho Rungano Emma-Jean
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Resilience (Personality trait) -- South Africa , Motivation in education , Academic achievement -- South Africa , College students -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Self-perception in children
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4067 , vital:20509
- Description: The current landscape of South Africa’s education system is one riddled with many challenges. Young people studying in this unfavourable climate have become disillusioned by the failing system and this has resulted in negative attitudes towards schooling. A shortage of teaching personnel and a lack of resources further exacerbate the situation. In recent years however, it has been found that a significant number of young people seem to have “beaten the odds”, in spite of these unfavourable conditions as they have seen themselves being granted entry into tertiary institutions. The dearth of information on academic resilience and the increased number of “educational success stories” led the researcher to embark on this qualitative study. The aim of this exploratory, descriptive and contextual research study was: to enhance understanding of the academic resilience and subsequent academic success at school, as experienced by first year NMMU students from disadvantaged communities, by exploring their constructions of academic resilience. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory as well as Resilience Theory was used to examine the phenomenon of academic resilience. Purposive sampling techniques was utilised to draw participants within the NMMU’s School of Behavioural Sciences and data was collected by means of narrative accounts by participants. The two phases of narrative analysis were applied to analyse the data collected and Guba’s model for trustworthiness was used to verify the data. The findings of the study indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the fostering of resilience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Experiences of mothers relating to live premature birth and the premature infant at a private hospital in the Eastern Cape
- Martin, Samantha Rochelle, Rall, Nadine
- Authors: Martin, Samantha Rochelle , Rall, Nadine
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Premature infants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Premature labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11482 , vital:26931
- Description: Premature births, which are among the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity in South Africa, often result not only in adverse effects on the infant due to the poorly developed organs and systems, but also affect the mother. Much literature exists about the causes of premature birth, clinical manifestations and management of premature infants; but healthcare practitioners, researchers and authors have not reported much on the mothers’ thoughts and feelings while going through the experience of premature labour and birth. This study deals with the experiences of mothers relating to live premature birth and the premature infant at a private hospital in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, an urban area within the Eastern Cape Province. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of mothers relating to live premature birth and the premature infant at a private hospital in the Eastern Cape Province and to make recommendations based on the research findings which could be utilised by midwives when caring for mothers who had experienced a premature birth. This study, which is qualitative in nature, utilised an explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The population of the study was mothers between the ages of 18 and 38 years who had had a premature birth and were of a gestational age ranging from 28 to 34 weeks. Data collection took place at a private hospital in the Eastern Cape Province over a period of five months. A private room that was designated for the data collection and was not far from the unit where the neonate was kept, proved to be suitable for data-collection purposes. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted and recorded with an audio digital taperecorder, with a purposefully selected sample of 12 mothers including the pilot study. Data analysis followed formally after data saturation and the data collected was transcribed verbatim and analysed as recommended by Tesch, namely, data coding. An independent coder was used to verify and finalise the results. Two main themes with three sub-themes each and several categories emerged from the data analysis. The two main themes were that: 1. participants had experienced premature birth as an unexpected and traumatic occurrence; and 2. participants had experienced positive support as a coping mechanism throughout the premature birth. Direct quotations were used from the raw data collected to support the description of experiences and findings of this study. Trustworthiness of the study was maintained by using the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice were used to ensure that the research was conducted in an ethical manner. A summary of the study including limitations, recommendations and conclusions was provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Martin, Samantha Rochelle , Rall, Nadine
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Premature infants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Premature labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11482 , vital:26931
- Description: Premature births, which are among the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity in South Africa, often result not only in adverse effects on the infant due to the poorly developed organs and systems, but also affect the mother. Much literature exists about the causes of premature birth, clinical manifestations and management of premature infants; but healthcare practitioners, researchers and authors have not reported much on the mothers’ thoughts and feelings while going through the experience of premature labour and birth. This study deals with the experiences of mothers relating to live premature birth and the premature infant at a private hospital in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, an urban area within the Eastern Cape Province. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of mothers relating to live premature birth and the premature infant at a private hospital in the Eastern Cape Province and to make recommendations based on the research findings which could be utilised by midwives when caring for mothers who had experienced a premature birth. This study, which is qualitative in nature, utilised an explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The population of the study was mothers between the ages of 18 and 38 years who had had a premature birth and were of a gestational age ranging from 28 to 34 weeks. Data collection took place at a private hospital in the Eastern Cape Province over a period of five months. A private room that was designated for the data collection and was not far from the unit where the neonate was kept, proved to be suitable for data-collection purposes. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted and recorded with an audio digital taperecorder, with a purposefully selected sample of 12 mothers including the pilot study. Data analysis followed formally after data saturation and the data collected was transcribed verbatim and analysed as recommended by Tesch, namely, data coding. An independent coder was used to verify and finalise the results. Two main themes with three sub-themes each and several categories emerged from the data analysis. The two main themes were that: 1. participants had experienced premature birth as an unexpected and traumatic occurrence; and 2. participants had experienced positive support as a coping mechanism throughout the premature birth. Direct quotations were used from the raw data collected to support the description of experiences and findings of this study. Trustworthiness of the study was maintained by using the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice were used to ensure that the research was conducted in an ethical manner. A summary of the study including limitations, recommendations and conclusions was provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Experiences of professional nurses regarding clinical placement exposure during their compulsory community service at state hospitals in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Mshweshwe, Nonkululeko Mica
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Nurses -- In-service training -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Community health services -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Nursing -- Practice -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10069 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021074
- Description: The nursing student who has undergone the four year diploma or degree training as a nurse also has to undergo compulsory community service as a requirement before she/he can be registered as a qualified professional nurse. While it has been compulsory for other health professionals such as doctors, dieticians or dentists to place students in compulsory community service, it has only been compulsory for nursing students since 2008. This means that the practice is relatively new in nursing and it is not clear how the newly qualified professional nurse experiences compulsory community service (CCS). The overall goal of this study is to determine the experiences of professional nurses placed at the state hospitals in Nelson Mandela Bay regarding compulsory community service clinical placement exposure and to use these descriptions to develop guidelines. The study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual design. Literature was reviewed in order to identify research that was done previously regarding compulsory community service amongst health care professionals. The research population included professional nurses who underwent compulsory community service in the three state hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Bay. Purposive sampling was utilised to identify the participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information and field notes were kept. The interviews were transcribed and Tech’s (1990) in Creswell, 2009:186) eight steps of data analysis were followed to create meaning from the data collected. An independent coder assisted with the coding process to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. The researcher ensured the validity of the study by conforming to Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness which consists of the following four constructs, namely credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability (Lincoln & Guba, 1999, as cited in Schurink, Fouche & de Vos, 2011:419- 421). Three themes and sub themes were identified. Literature control was done to compare the findings with existing research results. The researcher ensured that the study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to ethical principles such as beneficence, justice and fidelity. All the participants in the study felt that the clinical placement exposure was a worthwhile experience. The participants expressed a feeling of gratitude that they were afforded this opportunity of practicing under the guidance of experienced professional nurses. To them it was an opportunity to master whatever they were taught as student nurses so that by the time they practice as independent practitioners they would be confident and knowledgeable. The CCS nurses indicated that orientation and mentorship were not always of good quality and professional nurses were not always available as in some units professional nurses were not readily accessible. The CCS nurses were left alone and isolated with no one to consult. If proper orientation and mentorship had been in place the CCS nurses would have enjoyed the community service year more and they felt that they would have benefited more. Had there been a mentoring system in place it could have gone a long way to ascertain that the participants gained confidence and were able to perform tasks independently and confidently. The participants overwhelmingly indicated that unit management should have been included in their CCS year placement. During the CCS year the CCS nurses were not exposed to unit management. This was seen by CCS nurses as a missed opportunity. Had they been afforded the opportunity to practice unit management under the supervision of unit nursing managers, professional growth and development in unit management could have been facilitated. That they were not afforded that opportunity deprived them of a valuable skill as well as personal and professional growth. In conclusion guidelines for placement of CCS nurses in the Nelson Mandela State hospitals have been formulated for implementation. Recommendations were made to enhance nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Mshweshwe, Nonkululeko Mica
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Nurses -- In-service training -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Community health services -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Nursing -- Practice -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10069 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021074
- Description: The nursing student who has undergone the four year diploma or degree training as a nurse also has to undergo compulsory community service as a requirement before she/he can be registered as a qualified professional nurse. While it has been compulsory for other health professionals such as doctors, dieticians or dentists to place students in compulsory community service, it has only been compulsory for nursing students since 2008. This means that the practice is relatively new in nursing and it is not clear how the newly qualified professional nurse experiences compulsory community service (CCS). The overall goal of this study is to determine the experiences of professional nurses placed at the state hospitals in Nelson Mandela Bay regarding compulsory community service clinical placement exposure and to use these descriptions to develop guidelines. The study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual design. Literature was reviewed in order to identify research that was done previously regarding compulsory community service amongst health care professionals. The research population included professional nurses who underwent compulsory community service in the three state hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Bay. Purposive sampling was utilised to identify the participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information and field notes were kept. The interviews were transcribed and Tech’s (1990) in Creswell, 2009:186) eight steps of data analysis were followed to create meaning from the data collected. An independent coder assisted with the coding process to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. The researcher ensured the validity of the study by conforming to Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness which consists of the following four constructs, namely credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability (Lincoln & Guba, 1999, as cited in Schurink, Fouche & de Vos, 2011:419- 421). Three themes and sub themes were identified. Literature control was done to compare the findings with existing research results. The researcher ensured that the study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to ethical principles such as beneficence, justice and fidelity. All the participants in the study felt that the clinical placement exposure was a worthwhile experience. The participants expressed a feeling of gratitude that they were afforded this opportunity of practicing under the guidance of experienced professional nurses. To them it was an opportunity to master whatever they were taught as student nurses so that by the time they practice as independent practitioners they would be confident and knowledgeable. The CCS nurses indicated that orientation and mentorship were not always of good quality and professional nurses were not always available as in some units professional nurses were not readily accessible. The CCS nurses were left alone and isolated with no one to consult. If proper orientation and mentorship had been in place the CCS nurses would have enjoyed the community service year more and they felt that they would have benefited more. Had there been a mentoring system in place it could have gone a long way to ascertain that the participants gained confidence and were able to perform tasks independently and confidently. The participants overwhelmingly indicated that unit management should have been included in their CCS year placement. During the CCS year the CCS nurses were not exposed to unit management. This was seen by CCS nurses as a missed opportunity. Had they been afforded the opportunity to practice unit management under the supervision of unit nursing managers, professional growth and development in unit management could have been facilitated. That they were not afforded that opportunity deprived them of a valuable skill as well as personal and professional growth. In conclusion guidelines for placement of CCS nurses in the Nelson Mandela State hospitals have been formulated for implementation. Recommendations were made to enhance nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Exploitation of non-living marine resources within national jurisdiction in East Africa
- Authors: Ntola, Yamkela Siqhamo
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Economic zones (Law of the sea) Territorial waters
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10253 , vital:26646
- Description: This dissertation involves an analysis and discussion of the legal regime governing the exploitation of non-living marine resources within national jurisdiction in East Africa. This is in light of the relatively recent offshore oil and gas discoveries off the coasts of Mozambique and Tanzania which have resulted in offshore exploration activities along the Western Indian Ocean (including the Red Sea) in pursuit of these hydrocarbons. Before delving into legal analysis and discussion, the dissertation departs by providing background on the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC)2 which is the international legal regime governing maritime spaces and the contributions made by, inter alia, East African coastal States to bring it about. From here, the dissertation ventures into an analysis and discussion of the legal zones claimed by East African coastal States within which exploitation activities may occur. This part of the discussion involves, among other things, an in depth analysis of the practices of East African coastal States as far as establishing maritime zones in terms of international law. The dissertation then proceeds to discuss which East African coastal States have delimited their maritime zones where they overlap with neighbouring States with adjacent and/or opposite coasts. The discussion highlights which States, in terms of international law, have clearly defined the ambit of their maritime jurisdiction by establishing a delimitation boundary where claims to maritime zones overlapped. This part of the dissertation also discusses which States have not delimited their overlapping maritime zones and the reasons for the lack of delimitation. Following this, the dissertation moves on to discuss the LOSC provisions applicable to exploiting non-living resources, and analyse whether the laws of East African coastal States that pertain to exploiting these resources adequately give effect to LOSC. Finally, in light of the above analysis and discussions, the dissertation moves on to establish if whether or not the legal infrastructure of East African coastal States is adequate for exploiting non-living resources within their national jurisdiction. Generally, the findings reflect favourably on the legal framework of East African coastal States. However, the pressing issue is the practices of some States in respect of claiming certain maritime zones and where necessary, not delimiting these zones. This results in uncertainty as to the maritime jurisdiction of a coastal State, especially with resources such as oil and gas which may straddle across boundaries. Moreover, it creates conflict and as such, threatens peace and security in the region as well as stunt economic and socio-economic development. As such, this dissertation, on the one hand, reflects the advancement of East African coastal States from contributing towards the adoption and coming into effect of LOSC, as well as giving effect to it domestically as far as exploiting non-living resources within national jurisdiction is concerned. On the other hand, it highlights the work that lays ahead for East African coastal States in order for them to fully enjoy their right.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Ntola, Yamkela Siqhamo
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Economic zones (Law of the sea) Territorial waters
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10253 , vital:26646
- Description: This dissertation involves an analysis and discussion of the legal regime governing the exploitation of non-living marine resources within national jurisdiction in East Africa. This is in light of the relatively recent offshore oil and gas discoveries off the coasts of Mozambique and Tanzania which have resulted in offshore exploration activities along the Western Indian Ocean (including the Red Sea) in pursuit of these hydrocarbons. Before delving into legal analysis and discussion, the dissertation departs by providing background on the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC)2 which is the international legal regime governing maritime spaces and the contributions made by, inter alia, East African coastal States to bring it about. From here, the dissertation ventures into an analysis and discussion of the legal zones claimed by East African coastal States within which exploitation activities may occur. This part of the discussion involves, among other things, an in depth analysis of the practices of East African coastal States as far as establishing maritime zones in terms of international law. The dissertation then proceeds to discuss which East African coastal States have delimited their maritime zones where they overlap with neighbouring States with adjacent and/or opposite coasts. The discussion highlights which States, in terms of international law, have clearly defined the ambit of their maritime jurisdiction by establishing a delimitation boundary where claims to maritime zones overlapped. This part of the dissertation also discusses which States have not delimited their overlapping maritime zones and the reasons for the lack of delimitation. Following this, the dissertation moves on to discuss the LOSC provisions applicable to exploiting non-living resources, and analyse whether the laws of East African coastal States that pertain to exploiting these resources adequately give effect to LOSC. Finally, in light of the above analysis and discussions, the dissertation moves on to establish if whether or not the legal infrastructure of East African coastal States is adequate for exploiting non-living resources within their national jurisdiction. Generally, the findings reflect favourably on the legal framework of East African coastal States. However, the pressing issue is the practices of some States in respect of claiming certain maritime zones and where necessary, not delimiting these zones. This results in uncertainty as to the maritime jurisdiction of a coastal State, especially with resources such as oil and gas which may straddle across boundaries. Moreover, it creates conflict and as such, threatens peace and security in the region as well as stunt economic and socio-economic development. As such, this dissertation, on the one hand, reflects the advancement of East African coastal States from contributing towards the adoption and coming into effect of LOSC, as well as giving effect to it domestically as far as exploiting non-living resources within national jurisdiction is concerned. On the other hand, it highlights the work that lays ahead for East African coastal States in order for them to fully enjoy their right.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Exploring of a succession planning framework for women in the South African aviation industry
- Authors: Hoffman, Confidence Lydia
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Women executives , Women in development , Women -- Employment , Sex role in the work environment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8272 , vital:26318
- Description: Women globally are seen as key contributors to the economic development and ‘bottom-line’ of businesses, but their presence and representation is still lacking in senior positions and the boardroom. Although after 20 years of democracy, the South African government has made significant progress towards empowering women in all spheres of business, inequalities and imbalances remain huge stumbling blocks. Embracing diversity and advocating gender equality makes business sense; this includes developing women as leaders through effectively implementing succession planning. Research shows that most companies have a succession plan document in place, but whether it is correctly implemented and effective remains to be investigated. A company’s leadership and human resources management together need to create a robust succession planning framework which aligns the vision of the company and talent management. The purpose of this research study was to determine the perceived success of succession planning for women in businesses in South Africa. The study’s primary objective was to develop and explore a succession planning framework for women in the South African Aviation Industry. A detailed literature review was conducted on women in business, leadership and succession planning. A qualitative case study approach was used as the most appropriate research methodology for this study to test whether the six propositions developed by the researcher applied to this single case or not. A questionnaire was developed to be used as a guide when interviewing the female respondents. The results were analysed and based on the findings, recommendations were made for further research. The main finding of this research was that the selected company lacks the correct implementation of the succession planning process. A possible solution to this issue would be the recruitment of a succession planning coordinator who has strong knowledge of the company’s policies, procedures and culture to establish strategies to roll out the succession planning programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Hoffman, Confidence Lydia
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Women executives , Women in development , Women -- Employment , Sex role in the work environment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8272 , vital:26318
- Description: Women globally are seen as key contributors to the economic development and ‘bottom-line’ of businesses, but their presence and representation is still lacking in senior positions and the boardroom. Although after 20 years of democracy, the South African government has made significant progress towards empowering women in all spheres of business, inequalities and imbalances remain huge stumbling blocks. Embracing diversity and advocating gender equality makes business sense; this includes developing women as leaders through effectively implementing succession planning. Research shows that most companies have a succession plan document in place, but whether it is correctly implemented and effective remains to be investigated. A company’s leadership and human resources management together need to create a robust succession planning framework which aligns the vision of the company and talent management. The purpose of this research study was to determine the perceived success of succession planning for women in businesses in South Africa. The study’s primary objective was to develop and explore a succession planning framework for women in the South African Aviation Industry. A detailed literature review was conducted on women in business, leadership and succession planning. A qualitative case study approach was used as the most appropriate research methodology for this study to test whether the six propositions developed by the researcher applied to this single case or not. A questionnaire was developed to be used as a guide when interviewing the female respondents. The results were analysed and based on the findings, recommendations were made for further research. The main finding of this research was that the selected company lacks the correct implementation of the succession planning process. A possible solution to this issue would be the recruitment of a succession planning coordinator who has strong knowledge of the company’s policies, procedures and culture to establish strategies to roll out the succession planning programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Exploring the lived experiences of South African maladaptive gamblers
- Authors: Tennant, Charnel
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Gambling -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Gambling -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Gambling industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5021 , vital:20792
- Description: For many individuals, gambling is regarded as a recreational activity, a socially encompassed pastime. For the individuals who partook in the present study, gambling is an Achilles heel at which the individuals were hopelessly at the mercy of. Initially a ‘fun’ activity, gambling emerged as an activity that provided both an aspect of enjoyment and escapism. Later, as the behaviour increased, interpersonal and intrapersonal consequences emerged; which eventually led participants to take action and break free from the activity once experienced as recreational and now as a “monster”. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experience of six South African individuals who met the criteria for a gambling disorder. Both a phenomenological approach and ecological perspective were used to elicit the essence of this particular phenomenon as experienced by the participants. Purposive sampling procedures were implemented. Data was collected through the use of a biographical questionnaire and individual, open ended conversations with six gamblers. The data was processed and analysed according to qualitative data processing and analysis procedures. Due to the gap in qualitative research in this particular area, specifically in the South African context, this research study has the potential to create a better understanding of the lived experience of gambling addiction through the shared experiences of participants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Tennant, Charnel
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Gambling -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Gambling -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Gambling industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5021 , vital:20792
- Description: For many individuals, gambling is regarded as a recreational activity, a socially encompassed pastime. For the individuals who partook in the present study, gambling is an Achilles heel at which the individuals were hopelessly at the mercy of. Initially a ‘fun’ activity, gambling emerged as an activity that provided both an aspect of enjoyment and escapism. Later, as the behaviour increased, interpersonal and intrapersonal consequences emerged; which eventually led participants to take action and break free from the activity once experienced as recreational and now as a “monster”. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experience of six South African individuals who met the criteria for a gambling disorder. Both a phenomenological approach and ecological perspective were used to elicit the essence of this particular phenomenon as experienced by the participants. Purposive sampling procedures were implemented. Data was collected through the use of a biographical questionnaire and individual, open ended conversations with six gamblers. The data was processed and analysed according to qualitative data processing and analysis procedures. Due to the gap in qualitative research in this particular area, specifically in the South African context, this research study has the potential to create a better understanding of the lived experience of gambling addiction through the shared experiences of participants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Exploring the socio-economic reintegration of former combatants in Côte D'Ivoire
- Authors: Kpalou, Jean-Yves
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Social status -- Côte d'Ivoire , Postwar reconstruction -- Côte d'Ivoire , Côte d'Ivoire -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3205 , vital:20411
- Description: Cote d’Ivoire is a country located in West Africa, which is coming out from decades of political and military crises (2002-2011). The country is now coping with its phase of postconflict reconstruction and economic development. One of the important aspects of this phase is the socio-economic reintegration of former combatants who took part in the different conflicts. For this reason the aim of this study was to explore the socio-economic reintegration of former combatants in Cote d’Ivoire. Taking the aim of this study into consideration, the primary objectives were to first look at the situation of the socioeconomic reintegration of former combatants in Cote d’Ivoire and secondly to identify challenges affecting the socio-economic reintegration process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Kpalou, Jean-Yves
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Social status -- Côte d'Ivoire , Postwar reconstruction -- Côte d'Ivoire , Côte d'Ivoire -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3205 , vital:20411
- Description: Cote d’Ivoire is a country located in West Africa, which is coming out from decades of political and military crises (2002-2011). The country is now coping with its phase of postconflict reconstruction and economic development. One of the important aspects of this phase is the socio-economic reintegration of former combatants who took part in the different conflicts. For this reason the aim of this study was to explore the socio-economic reintegration of former combatants in Cote d’Ivoire. Taking the aim of this study into consideration, the primary objectives were to first look at the situation of the socioeconomic reintegration of former combatants in Cote d’Ivoire and secondly to identify challenges affecting the socio-economic reintegration process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Factors affecting the success of reseeding rehabilitation in the semi-arid Karoo, South Africa
- Authors: Matthee, Willem
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Ecological disturbances -- South Africa -- Karoo , Arid regions -- South Africa -- Karoo , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Karoo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2889 , vital:20360
- Description: Due to overgrazing, mining and other anthropogenic disturbances, large sections of the Karoo region have been degraded, resulting in areas with low vegetation cover, where erosion rates are high and vegetation is dominated by unpalatable species. These areas have low and unpredictable rainfall, with slow to non-existent autogenic recovery, and this often forces landowners to implement reseeding rehabilitation in an attempt to increase both overall vegetation cover and the relative abundance of palatable plants. Landowners use soil preparation treatments, which include creating micro-catchments, ripping, mulching and brush packing, to supplement land rehabilitation. This study investigated the significance of initial rainfall, mean monthly rainfall, soil preparation techniques, slope, existing vegetation cover, litter, mulch and stone cover in determining the success of reseeding rehabilitation. Rainfall had the most significant influence, where long-lived shrubs established best under low initial rainfall and high mean monthly rainfall, and grasses established best after receiving high initial rainfall. Micro-catchments proved the most successful soil preparation technique for the establishment of long-lived shrubs, while ripping and mulching impacted negatively on grass establishment. A combination of mulch and micro-catchments aided Osteospermum sinuatum establishment in soils where soil shrinkage cracks occurred. Temperature influenced seed germination and drought tolerance of Lessertia annularis, Fingerhuthia africana and O. sinuatum, with higher germination success of O. sinuatum under temperatures simulating summer, and of F. africana under temperatures simulating winter. L. annularis germination had a faster growth rate and higher survival when germinated under autumn/spring temperatures. Landowners are advised to sow seeds of more than one species during rehabilitation, to include micro-catchments as soil preparation treatment, and to sow seeds during a time when rainfall is predicted to be high.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Matthee, Willem
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Ecological disturbances -- South Africa -- Karoo , Arid regions -- South Africa -- Karoo , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Karoo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2889 , vital:20360
- Description: Due to overgrazing, mining and other anthropogenic disturbances, large sections of the Karoo region have been degraded, resulting in areas with low vegetation cover, where erosion rates are high and vegetation is dominated by unpalatable species. These areas have low and unpredictable rainfall, with slow to non-existent autogenic recovery, and this often forces landowners to implement reseeding rehabilitation in an attempt to increase both overall vegetation cover and the relative abundance of palatable plants. Landowners use soil preparation treatments, which include creating micro-catchments, ripping, mulching and brush packing, to supplement land rehabilitation. This study investigated the significance of initial rainfall, mean monthly rainfall, soil preparation techniques, slope, existing vegetation cover, litter, mulch and stone cover in determining the success of reseeding rehabilitation. Rainfall had the most significant influence, where long-lived shrubs established best under low initial rainfall and high mean monthly rainfall, and grasses established best after receiving high initial rainfall. Micro-catchments proved the most successful soil preparation technique for the establishment of long-lived shrubs, while ripping and mulching impacted negatively on grass establishment. A combination of mulch and micro-catchments aided Osteospermum sinuatum establishment in soils where soil shrinkage cracks occurred. Temperature influenced seed germination and drought tolerance of Lessertia annularis, Fingerhuthia africana and O. sinuatum, with higher germination success of O. sinuatum under temperatures simulating summer, and of F. africana under temperatures simulating winter. L. annularis germination had a faster growth rate and higher survival when germinated under autumn/spring temperatures. Landowners are advised to sow seeds of more than one species during rehabilitation, to include micro-catchments as soil preparation treatment, and to sow seeds during a time when rainfall is predicted to be high.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Factors affecting the usage of banking products and services by low income and under-banked consumers
- Authors: Giwe, Mbunwe Belter
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Banks and banking , Bank facilities , Bank customers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:9334
- Description: A fundamental idea of this study was that the formal financial institutions have an essential role to play in the process of assisting financial inclusion of South Africa's low income and under-banked consumers. Financial inclusion is important for consumers to have access to affordable basic financial products and services. An increase in the number of financially included consumers is important for growth of home ownership, positive savings habits among low income consumers and mitigating risks with insurance products. Consumers have access to financial products and services but are not equipped with the basic knowledge to fully benefit from the use of these financial products and services. As a result, the construct of financial inclusion and the measures being taken by South African financial institutions to optimise financial inclusion was investigated in this study. There is a broad consensus that under-banked consumers face a myriad of factors that may prevent them from having effective access and usage of banking products and services. The effective usage of banking products and services not only promotes an inclusive society but also consumers' ability to take full advantage of the benefits of having access to suitable financial products and services. The influence of these factors on the usage of banking products and services by low income and under-banked consumers was under investigation in this research study. The influence of these factors on the usage of banking products and services by low income and under-banked consumers was under investigation in this research study. To achieve this, the researcher identified a number of factors that have a relationship with usage. These include Financial Awareness, Trust, Fees, Simplicity and Appropriateness of banking products and services. Consumers' usage of banking products and services were tested using primary data collected from low income and under-banked consumers in the NMB. This study only focused on five influencing factors. The investigation of other possible factors contributing to the usage of banking products and services is necessary. Making use of a larger sample and an improved model with other pertinent influencing factors might bring to light the significant factors involved in the decisions made by consumers in the usage of banking products and services. The significant factors presented in this study reveals that of the five proposed relationships, only two were found to be significant (Financial Awareness and Appropriateness). The findings of the study show that the usage of banking products and services can be increased through increased Financial Awareness about various available banking products and services, changing the unrealised need of the consumers into a realised need for banking and providing affordable products and services for various sections of the population. Appropriateness also reported a positive significant influence on Usage. This means that consumers are likely to access their bank account at different locations. With banking institutions offering products and services that meet their needs, consumers can achieve their financial goals and improve lifestyles by doing all transactions via the bank account and having more control over their personal financial affairs. Recommendations where suggested based on the empirical results to help improve the banking institutions ways of attracting and retaining consumers to effectively use their products and services. It was recommended that banking institutions should tailor their marketing campaigns towards low income and under-banked consumers in order to improve the level of financial awareness of consumers about banking products and services they consume. Seek to improve their communications strategies by adopting techniques that effectively transmits their ideas between the banking institutions and low income and under-banked consumers. And also focus should be on the creation of innovative design systems to ensure that banking products and services will effectively address the needs of low income and under-banked consumers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Giwe, Mbunwe Belter
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Banks and banking , Bank facilities , Bank customers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:9334
- Description: A fundamental idea of this study was that the formal financial institutions have an essential role to play in the process of assisting financial inclusion of South Africa's low income and under-banked consumers. Financial inclusion is important for consumers to have access to affordable basic financial products and services. An increase in the number of financially included consumers is important for growth of home ownership, positive savings habits among low income consumers and mitigating risks with insurance products. Consumers have access to financial products and services but are not equipped with the basic knowledge to fully benefit from the use of these financial products and services. As a result, the construct of financial inclusion and the measures being taken by South African financial institutions to optimise financial inclusion was investigated in this study. There is a broad consensus that under-banked consumers face a myriad of factors that may prevent them from having effective access and usage of banking products and services. The effective usage of banking products and services not only promotes an inclusive society but also consumers' ability to take full advantage of the benefits of having access to suitable financial products and services. The influence of these factors on the usage of banking products and services by low income and under-banked consumers was under investigation in this research study. The influence of these factors on the usage of banking products and services by low income and under-banked consumers was under investigation in this research study. To achieve this, the researcher identified a number of factors that have a relationship with usage. These include Financial Awareness, Trust, Fees, Simplicity and Appropriateness of banking products and services. Consumers' usage of banking products and services were tested using primary data collected from low income and under-banked consumers in the NMB. This study only focused on five influencing factors. The investigation of other possible factors contributing to the usage of banking products and services is necessary. Making use of a larger sample and an improved model with other pertinent influencing factors might bring to light the significant factors involved in the decisions made by consumers in the usage of banking products and services. The significant factors presented in this study reveals that of the five proposed relationships, only two were found to be significant (Financial Awareness and Appropriateness). The findings of the study show that the usage of banking products and services can be increased through increased Financial Awareness about various available banking products and services, changing the unrealised need of the consumers into a realised need for banking and providing affordable products and services for various sections of the population. Appropriateness also reported a positive significant influence on Usage. This means that consumers are likely to access their bank account at different locations. With banking institutions offering products and services that meet their needs, consumers can achieve their financial goals and improve lifestyles by doing all transactions via the bank account and having more control over their personal financial affairs. Recommendations where suggested based on the empirical results to help improve the banking institutions ways of attracting and retaining consumers to effectively use their products and services. It was recommended that banking institutions should tailor their marketing campaigns towards low income and under-banked consumers in order to improve the level of financial awareness of consumers about banking products and services they consume. Seek to improve their communications strategies by adopting techniques that effectively transmits their ideas between the banking institutions and low income and under-banked consumers. And also focus should be on the creation of innovative design systems to ensure that banking products and services will effectively address the needs of low income and under-banked consumers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Factors in the success or failure of selected urban agricultural projects in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Fadana, Yanga Yolanda
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Urban agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality -- Economic aspects , Land use, Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8306 , vital:26321
- Description: Sustainable agriculture is explained by Reddy (1995: 22) as the ability for agricultural projects to produce crops and at the same time be able to maintain production without failing. With growing populations in urban areas, the importance of urban agriculture has become increasingly important. This research aims to study the factors that contribute to the success and failure of selected urban agricultural projects within the Nelson Mandela Bay by looking at how the community benefits from two selected community projects. It is however important to note that there are various factors contributing to the success and failure of any project. This research looks into the viability of the environment that the projects are in, the level of community membership, ownership structures, how messages are communicated between stakeholders, and the purpose of the project as well as the resources available to see the project through. Urban agriculture becomes a very important practice to the urban poor, as it subsidizes household income when the produce is sold and reduces expenditure when it is consumed (Kirkland, 2008: 23). Zooming into the Nelson Mandela Bay, it is evident that this practice is also beneficial for the communities in which the projects operate, however, challenges such as theft make such projects dependent on funders and donors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Fadana, Yanga Yolanda
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Urban agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality -- Economic aspects , Land use, Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8306 , vital:26321
- Description: Sustainable agriculture is explained by Reddy (1995: 22) as the ability for agricultural projects to produce crops and at the same time be able to maintain production without failing. With growing populations in urban areas, the importance of urban agriculture has become increasingly important. This research aims to study the factors that contribute to the success and failure of selected urban agricultural projects within the Nelson Mandela Bay by looking at how the community benefits from two selected community projects. It is however important to note that there are various factors contributing to the success and failure of any project. This research looks into the viability of the environment that the projects are in, the level of community membership, ownership structures, how messages are communicated between stakeholders, and the purpose of the project as well as the resources available to see the project through. Urban agriculture becomes a very important practice to the urban poor, as it subsidizes household income when the produce is sold and reduces expenditure when it is consumed (Kirkland, 2008: 23). Zooming into the Nelson Mandela Bay, it is evident that this practice is also beneficial for the communities in which the projects operate, however, challenges such as theft make such projects dependent on funders and donors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Factors influencing consumer decision-making process in the private health institutions
- Authors: Akponah, Voke Blessing
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Consumer behavior Decision making , Public-private sector cooperation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50033 , vital:41993
- Description: The development that has taken place in the health care sector includes all factors that have brought changes in the consumer decision-making process regarding the private health institutions. In Nigeria, the development is evident in the delivery of the health care services. This indicates that the private health institutions deliver quality health care service by using efficient and quality medical equipment. However, there is a growing awareness among clients to perform an extensive search before the purchase of health care service and the increased expectation from health care quality by clients and their family. The change in consumer behaviour has caused a shift in the consumer decision-making process due to the availability of several sources of information and various health institutions they can choose from. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the consumer decision-making process that can enhance customer satisfaction and reduce cognitive dissonance. In this study the behaviour of consumers is related to how they make decisions along several stages before they make a purchase and in a health care setting the decision-making process refers to the process that clients pass through in making choices on alternative health institutions. The quantitative research method was adopted in this study in describing, analysing and interpreting data. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect primary data from 450 respondents in Lagos state, Nigeria. The primary data was statistically analysed using five stages, namely, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach‟s alpha reliability testing, descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis. The empirical results of this study indicates that service encounter experience, personal income and support sources are significantly related to the decision-making process. The decision-making process also has significant positive relationship with both customer satisfaction and cognitive dissonance. This indicates that influential factors that have been identified through the empirical results enlighten researchers and the private health institutions on issues that influence the clients‟ decisions to utilise private health institutions. The well-being and satisfaction of clients will be enhanced if the private health institutions can craft effective strategies that will enable clients to gain easy access and utilise health care services. This study emphasised that access to and utilisation of health care services in the private health institutions can be granted to clients through personal income and support sources from family members and private health institutions. Futhermore, health insurance coverage is an effective way that will help clients overcome the financial constraints and restricted access to and utilisation of private health institutions. The study further reveals that the well-being and satisfaction of clients will be enhanced if private health institutions improve access to quality health care. Failure to improve the overall quality and performances of the health care services in the private health institutions can lead to clients‟ cognitive dissonance. Both private and public health institutions should play a major role in providing the necessary facilities that can assist the clients in their decision-making process regarding their health care needs. This will enable the health care institutions‟ staff to understand what clients value and need and, therefore, how well to satisfy them and reduce cognitive dissonance. Easy access and utilisation of the private health institutions as well as satisfaction in quality health care delivery will create better health outcomes for the workforce and citizens of a country and this will improve economic development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Akponah, Voke Blessing
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Consumer behavior Decision making , Public-private sector cooperation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50033 , vital:41993
- Description: The development that has taken place in the health care sector includes all factors that have brought changes in the consumer decision-making process regarding the private health institutions. In Nigeria, the development is evident in the delivery of the health care services. This indicates that the private health institutions deliver quality health care service by using efficient and quality medical equipment. However, there is a growing awareness among clients to perform an extensive search before the purchase of health care service and the increased expectation from health care quality by clients and their family. The change in consumer behaviour has caused a shift in the consumer decision-making process due to the availability of several sources of information and various health institutions they can choose from. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the consumer decision-making process that can enhance customer satisfaction and reduce cognitive dissonance. In this study the behaviour of consumers is related to how they make decisions along several stages before they make a purchase and in a health care setting the decision-making process refers to the process that clients pass through in making choices on alternative health institutions. The quantitative research method was adopted in this study in describing, analysing and interpreting data. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect primary data from 450 respondents in Lagos state, Nigeria. The primary data was statistically analysed using five stages, namely, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach‟s alpha reliability testing, descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis. The empirical results of this study indicates that service encounter experience, personal income and support sources are significantly related to the decision-making process. The decision-making process also has significant positive relationship with both customer satisfaction and cognitive dissonance. This indicates that influential factors that have been identified through the empirical results enlighten researchers and the private health institutions on issues that influence the clients‟ decisions to utilise private health institutions. The well-being and satisfaction of clients will be enhanced if the private health institutions can craft effective strategies that will enable clients to gain easy access and utilise health care services. This study emphasised that access to and utilisation of health care services in the private health institutions can be granted to clients through personal income and support sources from family members and private health institutions. Futhermore, health insurance coverage is an effective way that will help clients overcome the financial constraints and restricted access to and utilisation of private health institutions. The study further reveals that the well-being and satisfaction of clients will be enhanced if private health institutions improve access to quality health care. Failure to improve the overall quality and performances of the health care services in the private health institutions can lead to clients‟ cognitive dissonance. Both private and public health institutions should play a major role in providing the necessary facilities that can assist the clients in their decision-making process regarding their health care needs. This will enable the health care institutions‟ staff to understand what clients value and need and, therefore, how well to satisfy them and reduce cognitive dissonance. Easy access and utilisation of the private health institutions as well as satisfaction in quality health care delivery will create better health outcomes for the workforce and citizens of a country and this will improve economic development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015