The control of a multi-variable industrial process, by means of intelligent technology
- Authors: Naidoo, Puramanathan
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Fuzzy systems , Intelligent control systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Electrical Engineering)
- Identifier: vital:10813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48 , Fuzzy systems , Intelligent control systems
- Description: Conventional control systems express control solutions by means of expressions, usually mathematically based. In order to completely express the control solution, a vast amount of data is required. In contrast, knowledge-based solutions require far less plant data and mathematical expression. This reduces development time proportionally. In addition, because this type of processing does not require involved calculations, processing speed is increased, since rule process is separate and all processes can be performed simultaneously. These results in improved product quality, better plant efficiency, simplified process, etc. Within this project, conventional PID control has already been implemented, with the control parameter adjustment and loop tuning being problematic. This is mainly due to a number of external parameters that affects the stability of the process. In maintaining a consistent temperature, for example, the steam flow rate varies, the hot well temperature varies, the ambient may temperature vary. Another contributing factor, the time delay, also affects the optimization of the system, due to the fact that temperature measurement is based on principle of absorption. The normal practice in industry to avoid an unstable control condition is to have an experienced operator to switch the controller to manual, and make adjustments. After obtaining the desired PV, the controller is switched back to automatic. This research project focuses on eliminating this time loss, by implementing a knowledge-based controller, for intelligent decision-making. A FLC design tool, which allows full interaction, whilst designing the control algorithm, was used to optimize the control system. The design tool executed on a PC is connected to a PLC, which in turn is successfully integrated into the process plant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Naidoo, Puramanathan
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Fuzzy systems , Intelligent control systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Electrical Engineering)
- Identifier: vital:10813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48 , Fuzzy systems , Intelligent control systems
- Description: Conventional control systems express control solutions by means of expressions, usually mathematically based. In order to completely express the control solution, a vast amount of data is required. In contrast, knowledge-based solutions require far less plant data and mathematical expression. This reduces development time proportionally. In addition, because this type of processing does not require involved calculations, processing speed is increased, since rule process is separate and all processes can be performed simultaneously. These results in improved product quality, better plant efficiency, simplified process, etc. Within this project, conventional PID control has already been implemented, with the control parameter adjustment and loop tuning being problematic. This is mainly due to a number of external parameters that affects the stability of the process. In maintaining a consistent temperature, for example, the steam flow rate varies, the hot well temperature varies, the ambient may temperature vary. Another contributing factor, the time delay, also affects the optimization of the system, due to the fact that temperature measurement is based on principle of absorption. The normal practice in industry to avoid an unstable control condition is to have an experienced operator to switch the controller to manual, and make adjustments. After obtaining the desired PV, the controller is switched back to automatic. This research project focuses on eliminating this time loss, by implementing a knowledge-based controller, for intelligent decision-making. A FLC design tool, which allows full interaction, whilst designing the control algorithm, was used to optimize the control system. The design tool executed on a PC is connected to a PLC, which in turn is successfully integrated into the process plant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The development and evaluation of procedures for the synthesis of phenolic ethers by Baeyer-Villiger oxidation
- Authors: Hoffmann, Petra
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Ethers , Phenols
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:10955 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51 , Ethers , Phenols
- Description: A novel preparative method has been discovered in our laboratories which produces hydroxy-substituted phenolic ethers in a simple one-pot process. Initially it was found that 4-hydroxyacetophenone, when oxidized in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid in methanol, resulted in 4- methoxyphenol as product in high yield. Being novel, no information about the method was available in the literature, and hence it was our task to study the reaction more extensively. The scope of the reaction was investigated in that different reagents and substrates, as well as alternative oxidants, catalysts and alcohols (or reagents which may be envisaged to behave similarly to alcohols) were used. The studies showed that 4- hydroxy-substituted benzaldehyde and acetophenone, vanillin, fuchsones and stilbenequinones as substrates all successfully afforded the phenolic ether. Other oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate etc. also afforded the phenolic ether but were less effective. The use of other acids than sulfuric acid resulted in comparable or lower yields of the desired phenolic ether. When the use of alcohols or similar reagents was varied, it was found that methanol, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, but-3-en-1-ol, hex-5-en-1-ol and undec-10-en-1-ol all afforded the desired ethers in significant yields. In an investigation to determine how this method may be useful for industrial applications, it was observed that compounds such as 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxysubstituted alkenyloxy phenols, having potential application as antioxidant precursors in the polymer industry, may be prepared. Results showed that the reaction became less efficient when the alkenyl chain length was increased. The use of different acids and oxidants, the change of the oxidant:substrate ratio and the addition of a potential lanthanide catalyst did not improve the yield of the desired ether. A mechanism for the reaction was proposed which involved an initial Baeyer-Villiger oxygen insertion step to afford an ester which was hydrolysed in situ to hydroquinone. The remaining oxidant was then involved in oxidizing some of the soformed hydroquinone to benzoquinone. It was then proposed that these two compounds, i.e., hydroquinone and benzoquinone, interacted with each other in solution, forming a charge-transfer complex. According to our proposal, the carbonyl group of the benzoquinone, when complexed with hydroquinone in solution, was then attacked by nucleophilic reagents such as alcohols. Etherification hence resulted as a consequence of this attack. A statistical experimental evaluation and optimization study was then performed which led to a system that produced the phenolic ether, 4-methoxyphenol, in an 86% yield. An analysis of the effects of the reaction parameters on the reaction showed that the reaction temperature and the oxidant:substrate ratio played a major role in deciding the effectiveness of the reaction, while the amount of substrate and acidic catalyst had a much smaller influence on the ether yields.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Hoffmann, Petra
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Ethers , Phenols
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:10955 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51 , Ethers , Phenols
- Description: A novel preparative method has been discovered in our laboratories which produces hydroxy-substituted phenolic ethers in a simple one-pot process. Initially it was found that 4-hydroxyacetophenone, when oxidized in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid in methanol, resulted in 4- methoxyphenol as product in high yield. Being novel, no information about the method was available in the literature, and hence it was our task to study the reaction more extensively. The scope of the reaction was investigated in that different reagents and substrates, as well as alternative oxidants, catalysts and alcohols (or reagents which may be envisaged to behave similarly to alcohols) were used. The studies showed that 4- hydroxy-substituted benzaldehyde and acetophenone, vanillin, fuchsones and stilbenequinones as substrates all successfully afforded the phenolic ether. Other oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate etc. also afforded the phenolic ether but were less effective. The use of other acids than sulfuric acid resulted in comparable or lower yields of the desired phenolic ether. When the use of alcohols or similar reagents was varied, it was found that methanol, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, but-3-en-1-ol, hex-5-en-1-ol and undec-10-en-1-ol all afforded the desired ethers in significant yields. In an investigation to determine how this method may be useful for industrial applications, it was observed that compounds such as 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxysubstituted alkenyloxy phenols, having potential application as antioxidant precursors in the polymer industry, may be prepared. Results showed that the reaction became less efficient when the alkenyl chain length was increased. The use of different acids and oxidants, the change of the oxidant:substrate ratio and the addition of a potential lanthanide catalyst did not improve the yield of the desired ether. A mechanism for the reaction was proposed which involved an initial Baeyer-Villiger oxygen insertion step to afford an ester which was hydrolysed in situ to hydroquinone. The remaining oxidant was then involved in oxidizing some of the soformed hydroquinone to benzoquinone. It was then proposed that these two compounds, i.e., hydroquinone and benzoquinone, interacted with each other in solution, forming a charge-transfer complex. According to our proposal, the carbonyl group of the benzoquinone, when complexed with hydroquinone in solution, was then attacked by nucleophilic reagents such as alcohols. Etherification hence resulted as a consequence of this attack. A statistical experimental evaluation and optimization study was then performed which led to a system that produced the phenolic ether, 4-methoxyphenol, in an 86% yield. An analysis of the effects of the reaction parameters on the reaction showed that the reaction temperature and the oxidant:substrate ratio played a major role in deciding the effectiveness of the reaction, while the amount of substrate and acidic catalyst had a much smaller influence on the ether yields.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The development of a balanced scorecard for strategic planning in a frozen vegetable processing plant
- Authors: Du Plessis, Francois
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Food industry and trade -- South Africa -- Management , Strategic planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10887 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52 , Food industry and trade -- South Africa -- Management , Strategic planning
- Description: This research investigated the development of a balanced scorecard for a frozen vegetable processing plant. The balanced scorecard can be utilised as a strategic management and performance measurement system. First, an overview of the balanced scorecard concept was presented. Its four perspectives, namely financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth were explained. Thereafter, the process of developing a balanced scorecard was outlined and the translation of a firm’s vision into measurable objectives and targets was discussed. Finally, the literature study evaluated the development of balanced scorecards by means of selected case studies. This included an analysis of the successes and failures of balanced scorecards in practice. The research methodology consisted of: (a) A literature study to determine a framework for developing a balanced scorecard. (b) Interviews and workshops to gather the primary data required to develop a balanced scorecard. The development of a balanced scorecard for a frozen vegetable processing plant using the findings from (a) and (b) above. The following recommendations were made: · Targets and action plans should be developed for the outstanding strategic objectives of the plant, and all key performance measurements should be formalised on key performance area documents. All role players should be involved in this process. · All employees must be exposed to, and understand the plant’s vision, mission statement and the purpose of the balanced scorecard. · All employees need to understand how their actions impact on other employees and the well-being of the plant. They must have set objectives and targets that can be measured. · To increase the chance of a successful scorecard implementation, regular feedback must be provided to all employees, and managers must hold people accountable for using the system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Du Plessis, Francois
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Food industry and trade -- South Africa -- Management , Strategic planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10887 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52 , Food industry and trade -- South Africa -- Management , Strategic planning
- Description: This research investigated the development of a balanced scorecard for a frozen vegetable processing plant. The balanced scorecard can be utilised as a strategic management and performance measurement system. First, an overview of the balanced scorecard concept was presented. Its four perspectives, namely financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth were explained. Thereafter, the process of developing a balanced scorecard was outlined and the translation of a firm’s vision into measurable objectives and targets was discussed. Finally, the literature study evaluated the development of balanced scorecards by means of selected case studies. This included an analysis of the successes and failures of balanced scorecards in practice. The research methodology consisted of: (a) A literature study to determine a framework for developing a balanced scorecard. (b) Interviews and workshops to gather the primary data required to develop a balanced scorecard. The development of a balanced scorecard for a frozen vegetable processing plant using the findings from (a) and (b) above. The following recommendations were made: · Targets and action plans should be developed for the outstanding strategic objectives of the plant, and all key performance measurements should be formalised on key performance area documents. All role players should be involved in this process. · All employees must be exposed to, and understand the plant’s vision, mission statement and the purpose of the balanced scorecard. · All employees need to understand how their actions impact on other employees and the well-being of the plant. They must have set objectives and targets that can be measured. · To increase the chance of a successful scorecard implementation, regular feedback must be provided to all employees, and managers must hold people accountable for using the system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The development of a model of factors promoting leadership effectiveness in the private hospitals of Afrox Healthcare in the Port Elizabeth area
- Authors: Bosch, Wouter Conrad
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Management)
- Identifier: vital:10901 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53 , Leadership
- Description: Effective leadership is essential for the achievement of organisational success in the long term. Leadership is the central ingredient necessary for progress as well as for the development and survival of organisations, especially in a changing environment such as South Africa. In this study an evaluation of various leadership models was conducted and a model of factors promoting effective leadership has been developed and proposed. This model was then tested amongst managers in the Private Hospitals of Afrox Healthcare in the Port Elizabeth area. The following procedure was followed: Firstly, a literature study was undertaken to identify the various leadership approaches. Attention was mainly focused on the most recent or advanced approaches to leadership. Secondly, based on the most recent approaches to leadership, a model of factors promoting effective leadership has been developed and proposed. The key elements identified for effective leadership are contained in this model. Thirdly, an empirical study was conducted to test the proposed model of leadership. Lastly, the results of the empirical study were evaluated, conclusions were drawn and recommendations made, based on the information obtained from both the literature study and the empirical study. The model of factors of effective leadership that has been developed is a combination of : · Leader Behaviours, which includes the elements of vision, communication, planning and empowerment; · Follower Behaviours, consisting of identification with the leader and the leader’s vision, commitment, motivation and goal pursuit, as well as trust; and · Organisational Environmental factors, including organisational configuration, organisational structure and organisational culture. It is argued that when the factors contained in the model achieve synergy, leadership will be effective, leading to enhanced organisational performance and success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Bosch, Wouter Conrad
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Management)
- Identifier: vital:10901 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53 , Leadership
- Description: Effective leadership is essential for the achievement of organisational success in the long term. Leadership is the central ingredient necessary for progress as well as for the development and survival of organisations, especially in a changing environment such as South Africa. In this study an evaluation of various leadership models was conducted and a model of factors promoting effective leadership has been developed and proposed. This model was then tested amongst managers in the Private Hospitals of Afrox Healthcare in the Port Elizabeth area. The following procedure was followed: Firstly, a literature study was undertaken to identify the various leadership approaches. Attention was mainly focused on the most recent or advanced approaches to leadership. Secondly, based on the most recent approaches to leadership, a model of factors promoting effective leadership has been developed and proposed. The key elements identified for effective leadership are contained in this model. Thirdly, an empirical study was conducted to test the proposed model of leadership. Lastly, the results of the empirical study were evaluated, conclusions were drawn and recommendations made, based on the information obtained from both the literature study and the empirical study. The model of factors of effective leadership that has been developed is a combination of : · Leader Behaviours, which includes the elements of vision, communication, planning and empowerment; · Follower Behaviours, consisting of identification with the leader and the leader’s vision, commitment, motivation and goal pursuit, as well as trust; and · Organisational Environmental factors, including organisational configuration, organisational structure and organisational culture. It is argued that when the factors contained in the model achieve synergy, leadership will be effective, leading to enhanced organisational performance and success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The development of a model to effectively utilise computer mediated communication to support assessment in a virtual learning environment
- Authors: Pullen, Grant
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Computer-assisted instruction , Students -- Rating of , Communication in education -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Information Technology)
- Identifier: vital:10795 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54 , Computer-assisted instruction , Students -- Rating of , Communication in education -- Data processing
- Description: Programming lecturers are faced with logistical problems associated with evaluating students’ assignments. This dissertation will discuss the problems associated with paper- and electronic-based submission and evaluation systems. Managing student assignments is thus an important issue and this dissertation investigates how the computer can be used to help in both the management of programming assignments and giving of feedback for those assignments. Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) technologies offer a technical solution for the submission of assignments. CMC technologies are therefore studied and their use in the educational sphere discussed. Information Security is another important feature that is needed when using CMC for assignment management. A guideline showing the different features that an assignment management and feedback system would need was developed. Current systems that offer some assignment management features were studied and evaluated according to the guideline. A model was developed for the management of programming assignments. The model addresses the problems of paper-based and previous electronic submission systems and includes the assessment of the assignments. The viability of the model was determined by building and testing a prototype based on the model’s specifications. The prototype was evaluated within a second year Visual Basic programming class. The evaluation determined that there were areas that needed improvement, however the feedback was generally positive.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Pullen, Grant
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Computer-assisted instruction , Students -- Rating of , Communication in education -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Information Technology)
- Identifier: vital:10795 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54 , Computer-assisted instruction , Students -- Rating of , Communication in education -- Data processing
- Description: Programming lecturers are faced with logistical problems associated with evaluating students’ assignments. This dissertation will discuss the problems associated with paper- and electronic-based submission and evaluation systems. Managing student assignments is thus an important issue and this dissertation investigates how the computer can be used to help in both the management of programming assignments and giving of feedback for those assignments. Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) technologies offer a technical solution for the submission of assignments. CMC technologies are therefore studied and their use in the educational sphere discussed. Information Security is another important feature that is needed when using CMC for assignment management. A guideline showing the different features that an assignment management and feedback system would need was developed. Current systems that offer some assignment management features were studied and evaluated according to the guideline. A model was developed for the management of programming assignments. The model addresses the problems of paper-based and previous electronic submission systems and includes the assessment of the assignments. The viability of the model was determined by building and testing a prototype based on the model’s specifications. The prototype was evaluated within a second year Visual Basic programming class. The evaluation determined that there were areas that needed improvement, however the feedback was generally positive.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The development of a technique to establish the security requirements of an organization
- Authors: Gerber, Mariana
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Computer security -- Management , Electronic data processing departments -- Security measures , Businesses -- Data processing -- Security measures , Computers -- Access control
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Information Technology)
- Identifier: vital:10789 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/89 , Computer security -- Management , Electronic data processing departments -- Security measures , Businesses -- Data processing -- Security measures , Computers -- Access control
- Description: To perform their business activities effectively, organizations rely heavily on the use of information (ISO/IEC TR 13335-2, 1996, p 1). Owens (1998) reiterates this by claiming that all organizations depend on information for their everyday operation and without it business will fail to operate (Owens, 1998, p 1-2). For an organization it means that if the right information is not available at the right time, it can make the difference between profit and loss or success and failure (Royds, 2000, p 2). Information is an asset and just like other important business assets within the organization, it has extreme value to an organization (BS 7799-1, 1999, p 1; Humphreys, Moses & Plate, 1998, p 8). For this reason it has become very important that business information is sufficiently protected. There are many different ways in which information can exist. Information can be printed or written on paper, stored electronically, transmitted electronically or by post, even spoken in conversation or any other way in which knowledge and ideas can be conveyed (URN 99/703, 1999, p. 2; Humphreys, Moses & Plate, 1998, p 8; URN 96/702, 1996, p 3).It is, therefore, critical to protect information, and to ensure that the security of IT (Information Technology) systems within organizations is properly managed. This requirement to protect information is even more important today, since many organizations are internally and externally connected by networks of IT systems (ISO/IEC TR 13335-2, 1996, p 1). Information security is therefore required to assist in the process of controlling and securing of information from accidental or malicious changes, deletions or unauthorized disclosure (Royds, 2000, p 2; URN 96/702, 1996, p 3). By preventing and minimizing the impact of security incidents, information security can ensure business continuity and reduce business damage (Owens, 1998, p 7). Information security in an organization can be regarded as a management opportunity and should become an integral part of the whole management activity of the organization. Obtaining commitment from management is therefore extremely important for effective information security. One way in which management can show their commitment to ensuring information security, is to adopt and enforce a security policy. A security policy ensures that people understand exactly what important role they play in securing information assets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Gerber, Mariana
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Computer security -- Management , Electronic data processing departments -- Security measures , Businesses -- Data processing -- Security measures , Computers -- Access control
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Information Technology)
- Identifier: vital:10789 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/89 , Computer security -- Management , Electronic data processing departments -- Security measures , Businesses -- Data processing -- Security measures , Computers -- Access control
- Description: To perform their business activities effectively, organizations rely heavily on the use of information (ISO/IEC TR 13335-2, 1996, p 1). Owens (1998) reiterates this by claiming that all organizations depend on information for their everyday operation and without it business will fail to operate (Owens, 1998, p 1-2). For an organization it means that if the right information is not available at the right time, it can make the difference between profit and loss or success and failure (Royds, 2000, p 2). Information is an asset and just like other important business assets within the organization, it has extreme value to an organization (BS 7799-1, 1999, p 1; Humphreys, Moses & Plate, 1998, p 8). For this reason it has become very important that business information is sufficiently protected. There are many different ways in which information can exist. Information can be printed or written on paper, stored electronically, transmitted electronically or by post, even spoken in conversation or any other way in which knowledge and ideas can be conveyed (URN 99/703, 1999, p. 2; Humphreys, Moses & Plate, 1998, p 8; URN 96/702, 1996, p 3).It is, therefore, critical to protect information, and to ensure that the security of IT (Information Technology) systems within organizations is properly managed. This requirement to protect information is even more important today, since many organizations are internally and externally connected by networks of IT systems (ISO/IEC TR 13335-2, 1996, p 1). Information security is therefore required to assist in the process of controlling and securing of information from accidental or malicious changes, deletions or unauthorized disclosure (Royds, 2000, p 2; URN 96/702, 1996, p 3). By preventing and minimizing the impact of security incidents, information security can ensure business continuity and reduce business damage (Owens, 1998, p 7). Information security in an organization can be regarded as a management opportunity and should become an integral part of the whole management activity of the organization. Obtaining commitment from management is therefore extremely important for effective information security. One way in which management can show their commitment to ensuring information security, is to adopt and enforce a security policy. A security policy ensures that people understand exactly what important role they play in securing information assets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The effect of increased propolis production on the productivity of a honeybee farming system
- Authors: De Jager, Andries Johannes
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Propolis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agricultural Management)
- Identifier: vital:10952 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1001743 , Propolis
- Description: This study was conducted to investigate a method for stimulating increased propolis production in Cape honeybee hives. The study took place near George situated in the Southern Cape region of South Africa. Standard Langstroth hives were used (n = 12) containing honeybee colonies of equal strength from the species Apis mellifera capensis. Propolis production in colonies equipped with commercial propolis traps (n = 6) was compared to propolis production in control colonies (n = 6). The strength of the colonies was determined by calculating the area of worker brood cells and the number of frames containing bees. For a ninemonth period propolis production, honey production, brood area, resin percentage, frames containing bees and income generated were measured on a monthly basis with the removal of the traps. There were no significant difference (p > 0.5) in honey production (24.66 ± 1.19 kg and 26.53 ± 1.31 kg), worker brood area (1967.3 ± 258.61 cm2 and 1085.4 ± 312.99 cm2) and frames containing bees (10 ± 1.13 frames and 9.8 ± 1.2 frames) between the hives with traps and hives without traps. However, propolis production was significantly influenced (p < 0.01) by the propolis traps, with the hives containing traps producing 361.87 ± 8.78g propolis compared to 38.2 ± 2.17g propolis in the control group. Propolis production in both control (28 g) and treatment groups (260.2 g) was significantly influenced by honey flow (p = 0.027). From December to March the production of honey was 22.12 (control) and 24.25 kg (treatment). A positive correlation was also found between frames containing bees and worker brood area (R = 0.73). Hives containing propolis traps were more profitable than the control group when honey and propolis income were pooled (467.17 ± 19.47 Rand vs. 353.8 ± 17.03 Rand). Therefore, the increased propolis production significantly improved profitability of the hive without affecting overall hive productivity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: De Jager, Andries Johannes
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Propolis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agricultural Management)
- Identifier: vital:10952 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1001743 , Propolis
- Description: This study was conducted to investigate a method for stimulating increased propolis production in Cape honeybee hives. The study took place near George situated in the Southern Cape region of South Africa. Standard Langstroth hives were used (n = 12) containing honeybee colonies of equal strength from the species Apis mellifera capensis. Propolis production in colonies equipped with commercial propolis traps (n = 6) was compared to propolis production in control colonies (n = 6). The strength of the colonies was determined by calculating the area of worker brood cells and the number of frames containing bees. For a ninemonth period propolis production, honey production, brood area, resin percentage, frames containing bees and income generated were measured on a monthly basis with the removal of the traps. There were no significant difference (p > 0.5) in honey production (24.66 ± 1.19 kg and 26.53 ± 1.31 kg), worker brood area (1967.3 ± 258.61 cm2 and 1085.4 ± 312.99 cm2) and frames containing bees (10 ± 1.13 frames and 9.8 ± 1.2 frames) between the hives with traps and hives without traps. However, propolis production was significantly influenced (p < 0.01) by the propolis traps, with the hives containing traps producing 361.87 ± 8.78g propolis compared to 38.2 ± 2.17g propolis in the control group. Propolis production in both control (28 g) and treatment groups (260.2 g) was significantly influenced by honey flow (p = 0.027). From December to March the production of honey was 22.12 (control) and 24.25 kg (treatment). A positive correlation was also found between frames containing bees and worker brood area (R = 0.73). Hives containing propolis traps were more profitable than the control group when honey and propolis income were pooled (467.17 ± 19.47 Rand vs. 353.8 ± 17.03 Rand). Therefore, the increased propolis production significantly improved profitability of the hive without affecting overall hive productivity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The effects of assembly line-side supply on individuals employed in satellite operations within automotive manufacturers
- Authors: Bocchi, Carlo
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Faurecia East London (Firm) , Job satisfaction , Employee motivation , Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Automobile industry and trade -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Business Administration)
- Identifier: vital:10849 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56 , Faurecia East London (Firm) , Job satisfaction , Employee motivation , Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Automobile industry and trade -- Case studies
- Description: The adoption of just-in-time in satellite operations within an automotive manufacturer, is rapidly becoming a trend within motor industry clusters. This type of organisation within an organisation adopts a lean structure to operate effectively and efficiently. The objective of this paper is to unveil factors which influence this type of workplace, particularly focusing on which factors which are relevant to Faurecia East London Plant. The literature study was used to illustrate the various theories relevant to manufacturing techniques, employee motivational and job satisfaction theories. The empirical study tested factors illustrated in the literature study. The empirical study was also to develop a specific model suitable for satellite organisations. The model presented together with the literature and empirical study was used to formulate findings and solve the main and sub-problems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Bocchi, Carlo
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Faurecia East London (Firm) , Job satisfaction , Employee motivation , Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Automobile industry and trade -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Business Administration)
- Identifier: vital:10849 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56 , Faurecia East London (Firm) , Job satisfaction , Employee motivation , Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Automobile industry and trade -- Case studies
- Description: The adoption of just-in-time in satellite operations within an automotive manufacturer, is rapidly becoming a trend within motor industry clusters. This type of organisation within an organisation adopts a lean structure to operate effectively and efficiently. The objective of this paper is to unveil factors which influence this type of workplace, particularly focusing on which factors which are relevant to Faurecia East London Plant. The literature study was used to illustrate the various theories relevant to manufacturing techniques, employee motivational and job satisfaction theories. The empirical study tested factors illustrated in the literature study. The empirical study was also to develop a specific model suitable for satellite organisations. The model presented together with the literature and empirical study was used to formulate findings and solve the main and sub-problems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The evaluation of autoxidation procedures for the selective oxidation of aliphatic alcohols
- Authors: Bacela, Siyabulela Mawande
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Oxidation , Aliphatic compounds
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:10950 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59 , Oxidation , Aliphatic compounds
- Description: The homogeneously catalyzed oxidation of 1-propanol by dioxygen in glacial acetic acid using cobalt(II)acetate and sodium bromide as the catalyst system has been investigated with the view of determining the significance of various experimental variables during the oxidation. The results of this investigation show unequivocally that a number of reaction variables have a direct influence upon catalytic activity and hence the reaction products. It is quite evident that the major product of this autoxidation reaction is propionic acid with the respective esters as side-products. This is an indication that the autoxidation mechanism occurs via a two-stage pathway, namely, the oxidation of 1-propanol to propionaldehyde as the primary product and, subsequently, the further oxidation of the propionaldehyde to propionic acid as the major product. Thus the esterification process of the propionic acid with the substrate 1-propanol could be termed as a side-reaction because its not facilitated by the catalyst system and it consumes the formed product. The catalyst activity has been demonstrated to depend on a number of factors, including the bromide concentration, the cobalt(II)acetate concentration, the water concentration, reaction temperature, and the presence of metal acetates as co-catalysts. There is an observed decrease in catalytic activity at high bromide concentration, which may be explained in terms of cobalt bromide complexes that form at these high concentrations. Subsequently, the same trend of catalyst activity reduction at high cobalt(II)acetate concentration may be ascribed to the “inactive” metal complexes that are susceptible to form at high metal ion concentrations. The catalytic activity increases with increase in total concentration and rapidly decreases at very high concentrations. This can be explained in terms of the observations made during the investigation of the effect of cobalt(II)acetate and bromide concentrations. The high increase in catalytic activity with increasing temperature is ascribed to the Arrhenius law, which relates the rate constant for a particular reaction to temperature. However, there is an observed loss of catalyst selectivity at high temperatures which maybe due to two possible factors. The first is simply related to an increased loss of volatile material from the reactor in the oxygen gas stream as the temperature is increased. The second relates to the increasing activity of the catalyst system for the selective decarboxylation of the carboxylic acid product. The addition of water to the reaction system rapidly reduces the catalyst activity. This detrimental effect is an indication that there is an effective competition by water with bromide for coordination sites on cobalt(II), thereby preventing the formation of the active catalyst species. The introduction of metal acetates as co-catalyst reduces the catalyst activity quite dramatically. This inhibition effect is suggested to relate to the redox potential of the respective metal ions. The results of statistical analysis of the experimentally derived response surface during the oxidation of 1-propanol, show no significant lack of fit, and the residuals obtained by applying the response surface to the design settings show that the data is normally distributed. The response surface is therefore reliable, but keeping in mind that the central composite design used is not rotatable so that its predictive power, especially outside the experimental domain investigated, is quite limited. However, several interesting observations were still possible The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol over supported noble-metal catalysts has been investigated with the view of identifying the most active supported noble-metal and also to compare this oxidation procedure with the autoxidation procedure. Secondly, the effect of an acidic resin as a co-catalyst was also investigated during the said oxidation. On the basis of results presented in this study during oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol, catalysts no.2 (10% Pd/C), 8 (2% Pd/Al – Pb-promoted) and 9 (2% Pt/8% Pd/C) appear to be the most active in terms of relative rates, while catalysts 6 (10% Pd/C- Pbpromoted), 7 (5% Pd/C-shell reduced-Pb -promoted) and 10 (5% Pt 5% Pd on C) are more active based on the comparison of average rates. Two other observations are of interest. Firstly, the promotion of the Pd catalysts with lead appears to improve catalyst activity to some extent as shown by the comparisons between catalysts 1 and 5, 4 and 8, 2 and 6 and 3 and 7. Secondly, the introduction of Pt up to equal amounts with palladium seems to produce the most active catalysts. On its own, platinum appears to be a better catalyst than Pd when supported on activated carbon (catalysts 1 and 12). In comparison with the homogeneous, cobalt-bromide catalyzed oxidation of 1- propanol in the liquid-phase, oxidations over noble-metal catalysts in the liquid-phase appear to be significantly less active. The presence of the resin promoted the formation of ethyl acetate to some extent, the improvements are not as dramatic as expected.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Bacela, Siyabulela Mawande
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Oxidation , Aliphatic compounds
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:10950 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59 , Oxidation , Aliphatic compounds
- Description: The homogeneously catalyzed oxidation of 1-propanol by dioxygen in glacial acetic acid using cobalt(II)acetate and sodium bromide as the catalyst system has been investigated with the view of determining the significance of various experimental variables during the oxidation. The results of this investigation show unequivocally that a number of reaction variables have a direct influence upon catalytic activity and hence the reaction products. It is quite evident that the major product of this autoxidation reaction is propionic acid with the respective esters as side-products. This is an indication that the autoxidation mechanism occurs via a two-stage pathway, namely, the oxidation of 1-propanol to propionaldehyde as the primary product and, subsequently, the further oxidation of the propionaldehyde to propionic acid as the major product. Thus the esterification process of the propionic acid with the substrate 1-propanol could be termed as a side-reaction because its not facilitated by the catalyst system and it consumes the formed product. The catalyst activity has been demonstrated to depend on a number of factors, including the bromide concentration, the cobalt(II)acetate concentration, the water concentration, reaction temperature, and the presence of metal acetates as co-catalysts. There is an observed decrease in catalytic activity at high bromide concentration, which may be explained in terms of cobalt bromide complexes that form at these high concentrations. Subsequently, the same trend of catalyst activity reduction at high cobalt(II)acetate concentration may be ascribed to the “inactive” metal complexes that are susceptible to form at high metal ion concentrations. The catalytic activity increases with increase in total concentration and rapidly decreases at very high concentrations. This can be explained in terms of the observations made during the investigation of the effect of cobalt(II)acetate and bromide concentrations. The high increase in catalytic activity with increasing temperature is ascribed to the Arrhenius law, which relates the rate constant for a particular reaction to temperature. However, there is an observed loss of catalyst selectivity at high temperatures which maybe due to two possible factors. The first is simply related to an increased loss of volatile material from the reactor in the oxygen gas stream as the temperature is increased. The second relates to the increasing activity of the catalyst system for the selective decarboxylation of the carboxylic acid product. The addition of water to the reaction system rapidly reduces the catalyst activity. This detrimental effect is an indication that there is an effective competition by water with bromide for coordination sites on cobalt(II), thereby preventing the formation of the active catalyst species. The introduction of metal acetates as co-catalyst reduces the catalyst activity quite dramatically. This inhibition effect is suggested to relate to the redox potential of the respective metal ions. The results of statistical analysis of the experimentally derived response surface during the oxidation of 1-propanol, show no significant lack of fit, and the residuals obtained by applying the response surface to the design settings show that the data is normally distributed. The response surface is therefore reliable, but keeping in mind that the central composite design used is not rotatable so that its predictive power, especially outside the experimental domain investigated, is quite limited. However, several interesting observations were still possible The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol over supported noble-metal catalysts has been investigated with the view of identifying the most active supported noble-metal and also to compare this oxidation procedure with the autoxidation procedure. Secondly, the effect of an acidic resin as a co-catalyst was also investigated during the said oxidation. On the basis of results presented in this study during oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol, catalysts no.2 (10% Pd/C), 8 (2% Pd/Al – Pb-promoted) and 9 (2% Pt/8% Pd/C) appear to be the most active in terms of relative rates, while catalysts 6 (10% Pd/C- Pbpromoted), 7 (5% Pd/C-shell reduced-Pb -promoted) and 10 (5% Pt 5% Pd on C) are more active based on the comparison of average rates. Two other observations are of interest. Firstly, the promotion of the Pd catalysts with lead appears to improve catalyst activity to some extent as shown by the comparisons between catalysts 1 and 5, 4 and 8, 2 and 6 and 3 and 7. Secondly, the introduction of Pt up to equal amounts with palladium seems to produce the most active catalysts. On its own, platinum appears to be a better catalyst than Pd when supported on activated carbon (catalysts 1 and 12). In comparison with the homogeneous, cobalt-bromide catalyzed oxidation of 1- propanol in the liquid-phase, oxidations over noble-metal catalysts in the liquid-phase appear to be significantly less active. The presence of the resin promoted the formation of ethyl acetate to some extent, the improvements are not as dramatic as expected.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The identification of operations strategies based on business principles that will enhance the public sector's ability to retain its client departments
- Authors: Davids, Shahied
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Public Works Department , Customer services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10941 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006192 , Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Public Works Department , Customer services
- Description: The research problem addressed in this study was to identify operational strategies that will enhance the ability of National Public Works Department (NPWD) of the Eastern Cape to retain its Client Departments. Privatisation has lead to performance management becoming essential to satisfy the client departments needs and requirements. In order to identify operational strategies which will enhance NPWD’s operation’s performance, questionnaires with relevant operation questions were used as well as a brain-writing session. The findings of the literature survey clearly highlight the specific areas where attention is required for improvements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Davids, Shahied
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Public Works Department , Customer services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10941 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006192 , Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Public Works Department , Customer services
- Description: The research problem addressed in this study was to identify operational strategies that will enhance the ability of National Public Works Department (NPWD) of the Eastern Cape to retain its Client Departments. Privatisation has lead to performance management becoming essential to satisfy the client departments needs and requirements. In order to identify operational strategies which will enhance NPWD’s operation’s performance, questionnaires with relevant operation questions were used as well as a brain-writing session. The findings of the literature survey clearly highlight the specific areas where attention is required for improvements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The influence of a performance management programme on the achievement of organisational and individual goals : a case study
- Authors: Van Huyssteen, Hannes
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Performance -- Management , Goal setting in personnel management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10915 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63 , Performance -- Management , Goal setting in personnel management
- Description: Many organisations are continuously searching for methods which can be used to improve performance. One such method is by means of implementing a performance management programme. This research study addresses the influence that a performance management programme has on the achievement of organisational and individual performance. To achieve this objective a comprehensive literature study was performed to determine the views on performance, and on performance management programmes. The study also included an investigation into the extent to which a performance management programme should be aligned with organisational and individual goals. Questionnaires, developed from the literature study, were distributed amongst randomly selected respondents, in order to determine the extent to which a specific organisation manages performance, in line with the guidelines provided by the literature study. The information obtained from the questionnaires were compared with the guidelines provided by the literature study in order to identify shortcomings in the influence that the performance management programme has on the achievement of organisational and individual goals at the selected organisation. The final step of this study entailed the formulation of recommendations. Three of these recommendations are regarded as critical to ensure the successful improvement of performance by means of a performance management programme: Firstly, it is of utmost importance that training and development, and the necessary resources to achieve objectives is provided. Secondly, feedback forms an integral part of a performance management programme. Those who provide feedback, need to acquire the necessary skills, so as to ensure that both positive and negative feedback is given to employees, which could ultimately enhance performance. Thirdly, the success of a performance management programme resides with both management and employees. Management need to be committed to the programme, and the well-being of their employees. Management also needs to be able to eliminate problems that negatively influence performance. On the other hand, employees need to realise that a performance management programme is not only linked to pay, but also the development of each individual, and the improvement of performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Van Huyssteen, Hannes
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Performance -- Management , Goal setting in personnel management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10915 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63 , Performance -- Management , Goal setting in personnel management
- Description: Many organisations are continuously searching for methods which can be used to improve performance. One such method is by means of implementing a performance management programme. This research study addresses the influence that a performance management programme has on the achievement of organisational and individual performance. To achieve this objective a comprehensive literature study was performed to determine the views on performance, and on performance management programmes. The study also included an investigation into the extent to which a performance management programme should be aligned with organisational and individual goals. Questionnaires, developed from the literature study, were distributed amongst randomly selected respondents, in order to determine the extent to which a specific organisation manages performance, in line with the guidelines provided by the literature study. The information obtained from the questionnaires were compared with the guidelines provided by the literature study in order to identify shortcomings in the influence that the performance management programme has on the achievement of organisational and individual goals at the selected organisation. The final step of this study entailed the formulation of recommendations. Three of these recommendations are regarded as critical to ensure the successful improvement of performance by means of a performance management programme: Firstly, it is of utmost importance that training and development, and the necessary resources to achieve objectives is provided. Secondly, feedback forms an integral part of a performance management programme. Those who provide feedback, need to acquire the necessary skills, so as to ensure that both positive and negative feedback is given to employees, which could ultimately enhance performance. Thirdly, the success of a performance management programme resides with both management and employees. Management need to be committed to the programme, and the well-being of their employees. Management also needs to be able to eliminate problems that negatively influence performance. On the other hand, employees need to realise that a performance management programme is not only linked to pay, but also the development of each individual, and the improvement of performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The role of strategic control in implementing an empowerment strategy in a selected higher education institution
- Kolver, Willem Andreas Pieter
- Authors: Kolver, Willem Andreas Pieter
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Education, Higher -- South Africa -- Management , Employee empowerment , Strategic planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10890 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/71 , Education, Higher -- South Africa -- Management , Employee empowerment , Strategic planning
- Description: Higher education institutions in South Africa are under pressure on account of changes in their environment so those institutions which can adapt to the changes and continue to carry out their purposes will be the most successful. According to Wellins, Byham and Wilson (1991:21) the employee empowerment and energy that comes with a feeling of ownership, are necessary prerequisites for continuous improvement. When organisational values, leadership actions and human resources systems, for example, rewards, training, and organisational structures are focused on empowerment, continuous improvement actions result. These, in turn, could lead to competitive quality, increased productivity and improved customer service. This dissertation aims to assess what would be an appropriate strategic control model when implementing an empowerment strategy. To this end an empowerment process management model is presented, as well as an investigation into the most effective environment where empowerment can be implemented and the management style needed. Secondly, the characteristics of strategic control are considered and lastly, the particular circumstances of a tertiary education institution are discussed. The findings of this study are that the concept of strategic control and empowerment and the reality which exists at the selected higher education institution concur in certain instances, from the managers’ perspective. Further research to investigate the role of strategic control in implementing an empowerment strategy at the selected higher education institution when all role players are included, is recommended.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Kolver, Willem Andreas Pieter
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Education, Higher -- South Africa -- Management , Employee empowerment , Strategic planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10890 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/71 , Education, Higher -- South Africa -- Management , Employee empowerment , Strategic planning
- Description: Higher education institutions in South Africa are under pressure on account of changes in their environment so those institutions which can adapt to the changes and continue to carry out their purposes will be the most successful. According to Wellins, Byham and Wilson (1991:21) the employee empowerment and energy that comes with a feeling of ownership, are necessary prerequisites for continuous improvement. When organisational values, leadership actions and human resources systems, for example, rewards, training, and organisational structures are focused on empowerment, continuous improvement actions result. These, in turn, could lead to competitive quality, increased productivity and improved customer service. This dissertation aims to assess what would be an appropriate strategic control model when implementing an empowerment strategy. To this end an empowerment process management model is presented, as well as an investigation into the most effective environment where empowerment can be implemented and the management style needed. Secondly, the characteristics of strategic control are considered and lastly, the particular circumstances of a tertiary education institution are discussed. The findings of this study are that the concept of strategic control and empowerment and the reality which exists at the selected higher education institution concur in certain instances, from the managers’ perspective. Further research to investigate the role of strategic control in implementing an empowerment strategy at the selected higher education institution when all role players are included, is recommended.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The role of Venda culture in nature conservation : a case study of the inhabitants of the Tshivhase area
- Khorommbi, Konanani Christopher
- Authors: Khorommbi, Konanani Christopher
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Nature conservation -- South Africa -- Venda , Venda (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Nature Conservation)
- Identifier: vital:10975 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1002119 , Nature conservation -- South Africa -- Venda , Venda (South Africa)
- Description: This thesis investigates the role of Venda culture in nature conservation and natural resource management. The project is based on the premise that the survival of human beings is entirely dependent on the extent to which different cultures conserve the natural environment. The researcher assumes that the scientific approach is not the only one that is capable of addressing environmental issues but that indigenous technology has a positive role to play. The study specifically looks at the relationship between the Venda culture and conservation of land, water, plants and animals. In order to achieve this goal, the study was divided into five chapters. The introductory chapter includes the statement of problem, delimitations of the study, the definitions of concepts, the assumptions, and the significance of the study. The literature review provides an overview of the indigenous strategies of nature conservation and natural resource management from a broader international approach to a specifically Venda approach. The researcher looked at the cultural perspective of the four areas under investigation. This chapter is followed by themethodological justification that discusses the social survey as a researchmethod for carrying out this study. The results presented in the fourth chapter comprise raw data from the three sectors of respondents, namely traditional leaders, traditional healers and villagers. Under each item, common responses have been grouped together for presentation and specific responses for the three sectors were presented independently from one another. This has provided the researcher with the opportunity to identify areas of similarities and differences among the three sectors. Both complementary and conflicting ideas are summarised and used as a basis for analysis. The results reflect a high degree of agreement among respondents. The discussion in chapter five was based on the results and relevant literature. The researcher’s approach was to depict the most common views among the three sectors and their conservation implications. In the discussion, the strengths and weaknesses of the Venda cultural approach were exposed in relation to the five sub-problems under investigation. The recognition of the Venda indigenous technology of natural resource management has been proposed because of its importance in nature conservation. In the recommendations the formulation of policy that overlooks local values was criticised. The use of the Venda approach as a basis for the development of conservation projects was strongly recommended. Lastly, itwas proposed that further investigations of specific aspects of the Venda cultural be considered for possible incorporation in future management of the natural environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Khorommbi, Konanani Christopher
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Nature conservation -- South Africa -- Venda , Venda (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Nature Conservation)
- Identifier: vital:10975 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1002119 , Nature conservation -- South Africa -- Venda , Venda (South Africa)
- Description: This thesis investigates the role of Venda culture in nature conservation and natural resource management. The project is based on the premise that the survival of human beings is entirely dependent on the extent to which different cultures conserve the natural environment. The researcher assumes that the scientific approach is not the only one that is capable of addressing environmental issues but that indigenous technology has a positive role to play. The study specifically looks at the relationship between the Venda culture and conservation of land, water, plants and animals. In order to achieve this goal, the study was divided into five chapters. The introductory chapter includes the statement of problem, delimitations of the study, the definitions of concepts, the assumptions, and the significance of the study. The literature review provides an overview of the indigenous strategies of nature conservation and natural resource management from a broader international approach to a specifically Venda approach. The researcher looked at the cultural perspective of the four areas under investigation. This chapter is followed by themethodological justification that discusses the social survey as a researchmethod for carrying out this study. The results presented in the fourth chapter comprise raw data from the three sectors of respondents, namely traditional leaders, traditional healers and villagers. Under each item, common responses have been grouped together for presentation and specific responses for the three sectors were presented independently from one another. This has provided the researcher with the opportunity to identify areas of similarities and differences among the three sectors. Both complementary and conflicting ideas are summarised and used as a basis for analysis. The results reflect a high degree of agreement among respondents. The discussion in chapter five was based on the results and relevant literature. The researcher’s approach was to depict the most common views among the three sectors and their conservation implications. In the discussion, the strengths and weaknesses of the Venda cultural approach were exposed in relation to the five sub-problems under investigation. The recognition of the Venda indigenous technology of natural resource management has been proposed because of its importance in nature conservation. In the recommendations the formulation of policy that overlooks local values was criticised. The use of the Venda approach as a basis for the development of conservation projects was strongly recommended. Lastly, itwas proposed that further investigations of specific aspects of the Venda cultural be considered for possible incorporation in future management of the natural environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
The strategic impact of HIV/AIDS on first level component suppliers to the motor industry, located in the Nelson Mandela Metropole
- Authors: Hughes, Edward Peter Clive
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Labor productivity , Production management , AIDS (Disease) -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10943 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006722 , Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Labor productivity , Production management , AIDS (Disease) -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Description: HIV/AIDS is undoubtedly the single most important and daunting health problem facing Africa. Globally too, this is one of the most serious health, medical and social preoccupations of our time (Chinery-Hesse, 2000: 1). The aim of this research study is to evaluate the strategic impact of HIV/AIDS on first level component suppliers to the motor industry located in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. To achieve this aim a literature study was undertaken to determine the patterns of development, the infection statistics and to explore strategic options and actions for dealing with the effects of the disease. An empirical study has been conducted to assess the opinions of senior management within first level component suppliers. The results from the study indicate that most companies in the selected group believe that HIV/AIDS will have a serious impact on their organisations. In conclusion, various recommendations have been made with regards to the findings ascertained in the literature review and empirical study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Hughes, Edward Peter Clive
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Labor productivity , Production management , AIDS (Disease) -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10943 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006722 , Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Labor productivity , Production management , AIDS (Disease) -- Economic aspects -- South Africa
- Description: HIV/AIDS is undoubtedly the single most important and daunting health problem facing Africa. Globally too, this is one of the most serious health, medical and social preoccupations of our time (Chinery-Hesse, 2000: 1). The aim of this research study is to evaluate the strategic impact of HIV/AIDS on first level component suppliers to the motor industry located in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. To achieve this aim a literature study was undertaken to determine the patterns of development, the infection statistics and to explore strategic options and actions for dealing with the effects of the disease. An empirical study has been conducted to assess the opinions of senior management within first level component suppliers. The results from the study indicate that most companies in the selected group believe that HIV/AIDS will have a serious impact on their organisations. In conclusion, various recommendations have been made with regards to the findings ascertained in the literature review and empirical study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
Using virtual reality to monitor and control an industrial robot via the Internet
- Authors: Vermeulen, Heinrich
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Virtual reality , Robotics -- Computer programs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Engineering)
- Identifier: vital:10820 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/74 , Virtual reality , Robotics -- Computer programs
- Description: Manufacturing processes may be modeled in various ways, including 3D modeling. There is a need to visualise, control and monitor manufacturing processes remotely via the Internet. Virtual Reality (VR) can be described as the science of integrating man with information. It is based on three distinct environments: three-dimensional, interactive and computer-generated. VR has come to the Internet in the form of VR modeling. The evolution of Web technologies in recent years has enabled the use of VR modeling for visualisation of manufacturing processes. The VR modeling language (VRML), which has become the standard for transmitting 3D virtual worlds across the Internet, can be used to control and monitor manufacturing processes visually. A 3D model of a manufacturing process, specifically an industrial robot arm, was created for this project. This model was successfully linked to the industrial robot that it represents in order to control and monitor the robot’s actions remotely via the Internet using Web technologies. This dissertation proves the viablity of using Virtual Reality to effectively visualise, monitor and control an industrial robot via the Internet. It also describes the methodology that was followed in modeling the industrial robot arm in VRML as well as linking the model to the real world application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Vermeulen, Heinrich
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Virtual reality , Robotics -- Computer programs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Engineering)
- Identifier: vital:10820 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/74 , Virtual reality , Robotics -- Computer programs
- Description: Manufacturing processes may be modeled in various ways, including 3D modeling. There is a need to visualise, control and monitor manufacturing processes remotely via the Internet. Virtual Reality (VR) can be described as the science of integrating man with information. It is based on three distinct environments: three-dimensional, interactive and computer-generated. VR has come to the Internet in the form of VR modeling. The evolution of Web technologies in recent years has enabled the use of VR modeling for visualisation of manufacturing processes. The VR modeling language (VRML), which has become the standard for transmitting 3D virtual worlds across the Internet, can be used to control and monitor manufacturing processes visually. A 3D model of a manufacturing process, specifically an industrial robot arm, was created for this project. This model was successfully linked to the industrial robot that it represents in order to control and monitor the robot’s actions remotely via the Internet using Web technologies. This dissertation proves the viablity of using Virtual Reality to effectively visualise, monitor and control an industrial robot via the Internet. It also describes the methodology that was followed in modeling the industrial robot arm in VRML as well as linking the model to the real world application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
An evaluation of a strategy of lean manufacturing as a means for a South African motor vehicle assembler to achieve core competence
- Authors: Maritz, Louis Wiehahn
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa , Manufacturing industries -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/26 , Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa , Manufacturing industries -- Management
- Description: South African businesses are facing unforeseen opportunities and threats following the country’s remarkable political transformation that culminated in its first non-racial, democratic elections in April 1994 (Krüger, 1997: 138). The objective of this paper was to understand what core competences a South African motor vehicle assembler requires to survive this era of declining protectionism and increasing competition. It is argued in this paper that organisations that want to compete with the best in the world market needs to adopt lean manufacturing principles. This paper is concerned with the core competences of an organisation and how an organisation identifies and utilises these in order to become a lean enterprise. The qualitative research method was identified as the most appropriate for the study. Two methods of data collection were used i.e. interviews with senior and middle management and a detailed literary study on the subject. The senior management interviews were aimed at identifying what they perceived to be the core competences a motor vehicle assembler requires in order to be a world-class lean manufacturing enterprise. The literary study was the base for the understanding of core competence and lean manufacturing. Finally, a second round of interviews with middle management was conducted to obtain clarity on the perceived role of middle management in the selected organisation’s quest to be a lean manufacturing concern. This paper concludes that if an organisation wants to survive it needs to identify and assess its core competences. These competences need to be developed or discarded in the organisation’s aims to be a lean manufacturing enterprise by eliminating all forms of non-value added activity. The programmes or projects that the selected organisation embarked on were primarily driven from the top down, placing middle management in the centre with the resistance coming from the lower levels in the organisation. Middle management should be given the necessary tools to overcome the resistance and assist the company to make smooth transitions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Maritz, Louis Wiehahn
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa , Manufacturing industries -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/26 , Automobile industry and trade -- Management , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa , Manufacturing industries -- Management
- Description: South African businesses are facing unforeseen opportunities and threats following the country’s remarkable political transformation that culminated in its first non-racial, democratic elections in April 1994 (Krüger, 1997: 138). The objective of this paper was to understand what core competences a South African motor vehicle assembler requires to survive this era of declining protectionism and increasing competition. It is argued in this paper that organisations that want to compete with the best in the world market needs to adopt lean manufacturing principles. This paper is concerned with the core competences of an organisation and how an organisation identifies and utilises these in order to become a lean enterprise. The qualitative research method was identified as the most appropriate for the study. Two methods of data collection were used i.e. interviews with senior and middle management and a detailed literary study on the subject. The senior management interviews were aimed at identifying what they perceived to be the core competences a motor vehicle assembler requires in order to be a world-class lean manufacturing enterprise. The literary study was the base for the understanding of core competence and lean manufacturing. Finally, a second round of interviews with middle management was conducted to obtain clarity on the perceived role of middle management in the selected organisation’s quest to be a lean manufacturing concern. This paper concludes that if an organisation wants to survive it needs to identify and assess its core competences. These competences need to be developed or discarded in the organisation’s aims to be a lean manufacturing enterprise by eliminating all forms of non-value added activity. The programmes or projects that the selected organisation embarked on were primarily driven from the top down, placing middle management in the centre with the resistance coming from the lower levels in the organisation. Middle management should be given the necessary tools to overcome the resistance and assist the company to make smooth transitions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
An evaluation of policies for attaining excellence in service delivery in the Port Elizabeth municipality
- Binza, Mzikayise Shakespeare
- Authors: Binza, Mzikayise Shakespeare
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Customer services -- Quality control , Customer services -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10777 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006186 , Customer services -- Quality control , Customer services -- Management
- Description: This dissertation is based on the assumption that the Port Elizabeth Municipality should deliver essential services effectively, efficiently and economically so as to attain excellence in service delivery. The essential services dealt with in this study are electricity; refuse collection; sewerage; and water services. Attaining excellence in service delivery will lead the Port Elizabeth Municipality to improve and sustain the quality of life of the local inhabitants. The primary objectives of this dissertation include, inter alia: An historical analysis of delivery systems of the former government prior to 1994, which provides the primary reasons and purposes of delivery systems, and the effects on the Port Elizabeth Municipality. Reformation and transformation of South African local government since 1994, with particular reference to the Port Elizabeth Municipality. A normative model for service delivery, which is designed to accelerate service delivery in the local spheres of government, with special reference to the Port Elizabeth Municipality as the locus of this study. The nature, extent and evaluation of the existing service delivery by the Port Elizabeth Municipality from 1994 to 1999. An empirical survey is conducted in the form of questionnaires to the directors, heads of departments, senior managers, as well as councillors. Approaches and strategies for attaining excellence in service delivery, which include, inter alia: a government-business paradigm and an equilibrium approach. Lastly, a number of recommendations are made and conclusions are drawn based on the findings of the empirical survey in order to deliver essential services equitably, efficiently, effectively and economically to attain excellence in service delivery in the Port Elizabeth Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Binza, Mzikayise Shakespeare
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Customer services -- Quality control , Customer services -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10777 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006186 , Customer services -- Quality control , Customer services -- Management
- Description: This dissertation is based on the assumption that the Port Elizabeth Municipality should deliver essential services effectively, efficiently and economically so as to attain excellence in service delivery. The essential services dealt with in this study are electricity; refuse collection; sewerage; and water services. Attaining excellence in service delivery will lead the Port Elizabeth Municipality to improve and sustain the quality of life of the local inhabitants. The primary objectives of this dissertation include, inter alia: An historical analysis of delivery systems of the former government prior to 1994, which provides the primary reasons and purposes of delivery systems, and the effects on the Port Elizabeth Municipality. Reformation and transformation of South African local government since 1994, with particular reference to the Port Elizabeth Municipality. A normative model for service delivery, which is designed to accelerate service delivery in the local spheres of government, with special reference to the Port Elizabeth Municipality as the locus of this study. The nature, extent and evaluation of the existing service delivery by the Port Elizabeth Municipality from 1994 to 1999. An empirical survey is conducted in the form of questionnaires to the directors, heads of departments, senior managers, as well as councillors. Approaches and strategies for attaining excellence in service delivery, which include, inter alia: a government-business paradigm and an equilibrium approach. Lastly, a number of recommendations are made and conclusions are drawn based on the findings of the empirical survey in order to deliver essential services equitably, efficiently, effectively and economically to attain excellence in service delivery in the Port Elizabeth Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Analysis of strategies used by an organisation to manage conflict
- Authors: Lourens, Ann Sharon
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Conflict management , Negotiation in business , Mediation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10828 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18 , Conflict management , Negotiation in business , Mediation
- Description: This research study addresses the problem of determining the strategies that can be used to manage conflict effectively. To achieve this objective a comprehensive literature study was performed to determine the views on conflict and various models of conflict. The study also included the reasons for and sources of conflict and the effects of conflict on an organisation. The next step was to identify the conflict management strategies that were revealed by the literature study. The appropriate conflict handling styles, how to improve organisational practices and special rules and structures were discussed as well as various suggestions from different authors on how to resolve a conflict situation. Based on the information obtained from the literature study a model was developed to serve as a guide to organisations to manage conflict effectively. Managers from a specific organisation were requested to complete questionnaires in order to determine the strategies used by their organisation to manage conflict. The questionnaire was developed in accordance with the findings from the research. The answers of the respondents were analysed and compared to the findings of the literature study. The information obtained from the literature study and from the respondents resulted in various recommendations and conclusions. The previously mentioned model that was developed was applied to the organisation, specifically addressing the pertinent issues as indicated by the respondents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Lourens, Ann Sharon
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Conflict management , Negotiation in business , Mediation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10828 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18 , Conflict management , Negotiation in business , Mediation
- Description: This research study addresses the problem of determining the strategies that can be used to manage conflict effectively. To achieve this objective a comprehensive literature study was performed to determine the views on conflict and various models of conflict. The study also included the reasons for and sources of conflict and the effects of conflict on an organisation. The next step was to identify the conflict management strategies that were revealed by the literature study. The appropriate conflict handling styles, how to improve organisational practices and special rules and structures were discussed as well as various suggestions from different authors on how to resolve a conflict situation. Based on the information obtained from the literature study a model was developed to serve as a guide to organisations to manage conflict effectively. Managers from a specific organisation were requested to complete questionnaires in order to determine the strategies used by their organisation to manage conflict. The questionnaire was developed in accordance with the findings from the research. The answers of the respondents were analysed and compared to the findings of the literature study. The information obtained from the literature study and from the respondents resulted in various recommendations and conclusions. The previously mentioned model that was developed was applied to the organisation, specifically addressing the pertinent issues as indicated by the respondents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Assessment of the potential contribution of the Coega industrial development initiative to the Eastern Cape Economy
- Authors: Bibby, Ray Russ
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Harbors -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10830 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20 , Harbors -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The research problem addressed in this study was to analyse and report on the development of the Coega Industrial Development Zone as an infrastructure for renewed entrepreneurial activity and profitable management of existing firms in the Eastern Cape. To achieve this objective, a literature study was undertaken to assess the potential benefits achieved at similar industrial development zones around the world and what could be learnt from these developments which will make the Coega Industrial Development Zone workable. The Empirical results obtained, indicate that most local companies are confident that the Coega industrial Development Zone will be beneficial to the region. In conclusion, various recommendations have been made with regard to the findings ascertained in the Empirical Study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Bibby, Ray Russ
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Harbors -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10830 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20 , Harbors -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The research problem addressed in this study was to analyse and report on the development of the Coega Industrial Development Zone as an infrastructure for renewed entrepreneurial activity and profitable management of existing firms in the Eastern Cape. To achieve this objective, a literature study was undertaken to assess the potential benefits achieved at similar industrial development zones around the world and what could be learnt from these developments which will make the Coega Industrial Development Zone workable. The Empirical results obtained, indicate that most local companies are confident that the Coega industrial Development Zone will be beneficial to the region. In conclusion, various recommendations have been made with regard to the findings ascertained in the Empirical Study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Comparative study on the biological performance of progenies of Western Sanga x Afrikaner and Bonsmara cattle in the sourish mixed bushveld of the North West Province
- Authors: Moraka, Joseph Ntlhoki
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Beef cattle breeds , Bonsmara cattle , Afrikaner cattle
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10947 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21 , Beef cattle breeds , Bonsmara cattle , Afrikaner cattle
- Description: The study compares the biological performance of progenies of the Afrikaner x Western Sanga crossbred (small frame) and the Bonsmara (medium frame) cattle on the following traits: calving and growth rates as well as mortalities. The study was conducted in the Sourish Mixed Bushveld of the North West province. The objective was to identify a lowcare cattle breed, which can withstand unfavourable conditions under which most farmers in the North West Province operate. The results of this study indicated that, under good management, the Bonsmara cattle have higher growth rates compared to the Sanga cattle. There were statistical differences with regards to birth, pre-wean and wean masses, (P< 0.0001). Sanga cattle however were able to maintain higher calving rates under all varying conditions (Bonsmara 77% average and Sanga 84% average). The Sanga, due to its lower nutritional requirements, on average requires 15% less of the surface area required by the Bonsmara. Sanga cattle also returned better yields in terms of kilogram weaned calf per LSU and per hectare. With regard to herd mortalities, there was no significant difference (P = 0.03329).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Moraka, Joseph Ntlhoki
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Beef cattle breeds , Bonsmara cattle , Afrikaner cattle
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10947 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21 , Beef cattle breeds , Bonsmara cattle , Afrikaner cattle
- Description: The study compares the biological performance of progenies of the Afrikaner x Western Sanga crossbred (small frame) and the Bonsmara (medium frame) cattle on the following traits: calving and growth rates as well as mortalities. The study was conducted in the Sourish Mixed Bushveld of the North West province. The objective was to identify a lowcare cattle breed, which can withstand unfavourable conditions under which most farmers in the North West Province operate. The results of this study indicated that, under good management, the Bonsmara cattle have higher growth rates compared to the Sanga cattle. There were statistical differences with regards to birth, pre-wean and wean masses, (P< 0.0001). Sanga cattle however were able to maintain higher calving rates under all varying conditions (Bonsmara 77% average and Sanga 84% average). The Sanga, due to its lower nutritional requirements, on average requires 15% less of the surface area required by the Bonsmara. Sanga cattle also returned better yields in terms of kilogram weaned calf per LSU and per hectare. With regard to herd mortalities, there was no significant difference (P = 0.03329).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000