History matters: Societal acceptance of deep-sea mining and incipient conflicts in Papua New Guinea
- Authors: van Putten, Ingrid , Aswani, Shankar , Boonstra, W.J , De la Cruz-Modino, R , Das, Jewel , Glaser, Marion , Heck, Nadine , Narayan, Siddharth , Paytan, Adina , Selim, Samiya , Vave, Ron
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391453 , vital:68653 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-023-00318-0"
- Description: New marine industries that develop and grow in response to the changing demand for their products have the potential to exert pressure on fragile marine environments. These emerging industries can benefit local communities but equally can have negative environmental and socio-cultural impacts. The development of new and emerging industries, like deep seabed mining (DSM), requires the acceptance and involvement of local communities. Yet, the history of marine exploitation is imbued with conflicts between industries and local communities. This paper presents a DSM case study in Papua New Guinea (PNG) to stimulate debate around the potential for conflict in the pursuit of resource extraction from the deep sea and the social and environmental harm that these extractions can cause. We do so by first presenting a timeline of local and extra-local events and enabling conditions that form the development background for the DSM Solwara 1 project in PNG. We then undertake a media narrative analysis to consider the contribution of aspects of social acceptability to this highly complex and multi-scale conflict. We find that the lack of (or a decrease in) social acceptability contributed to the conflict situation and ultimately the demise of the Solwara 1 project. Extra-locally, the initial development was positively framed around solutions for decarbonisation using new technology. Over time, actions by international NGOs, financial issues related to foreign companies, and asymmetry in the power balance between the Pacific Island nation and global businesses played a role in growing negative perceptions of acceptability. Historical experiences with prior environmental mining disasters, together with sea tenure governance challenges, and a lack of community and stakeholder acceptance also contributed to the demise of the project. Untangling and debating these complex interactions provides context and reasons for the tension between the lack of societal acceptance at a local scale and the perceived need for DSM products in the global North for innovative technologies and decarbonising societies. Better understanding these interactions and tensions can help emerging industries navigate a future blue economy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Tragic Optimism: A Psychobiography of Morgan Richard Tsvangirai.
- Authors: Harry, Tinashe T , van Niekerk, Roelf
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434439 , vital:73060 , ISBN 978-3-031-28826-5 , https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-28827-2_5
- Description: For many Zimbabweans, Morgan Richard Tsvangirai (1952–2018) became the face of courage and hope during his political career. Tsvangirai was subjected to and witnessed political violence, physical abuse, brutality, emotional humiliation, unlawful detentions, and persecution. He challenged the ruling party in Zimbabwe, and his leadership gave many people hope for the future. In the context of living in a colonial era, poverty, and having to endure the brutality of the Mugabe era, he lived a meaningful life that saw him becoming a Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (2009–2013). This single-case study explores and describes Tsvangirai’s life and interprets it in terms of Frankl’s existential theory. More specifically, Tsvangirai’s life is interpreted from the perspective of Frankl’s three triads, the fundamental, meaning, and tragic triads, as well as the noetic dimension. Tsvangirai was selected through purposive sampling based on his important role in Zimbabwean politics. The primary source of data was biographical and autobiographical publications. The findings indicate that Tsvangirai shifted emphasis within the meaning triad in living a meaningful life and that he was able to use the human capacity of self-distancing/detachment and self-transcendence to find meaning in his life. This chapter sheds light on how individuals make sense of their circumstances and search for meaning and purpose in adverse conditions. It also contributes towards the development of psychobiographical research among non-WEIRD samples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Can Local Knowledge of Small-Scale Fishers Be Used to Monitor and Assess Changes in Marine Ecosystems in a European Context?
- Authors: Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Barrientos, Sara , Barreiro, Rodolfo , Aswani, Shankar , Pascual-Fernández, José , De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391331 , vital:68642 , ISBN 978-3-031-01980-7 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_24
- Description: Significance Statement In the last decades, many coastal areas have observed dramatic changes in marine ecosystems, due to anthropogenic and environmental alterations. The general absence of long-term data sets in the marine environment and, more specifically, on benthic and demersal communities represents a severe issue for management and conservation. We propose to incorporate the small-scale fishers’ knowledge and science for better policy recommendations, both in terms of fisheries optimization and resource conservation. Based on two different cases of study with diverse ecosystems, we explore the combination of quantitative and qualitative tools, and participative techniques used to incorporate fishers’ local ecological knowledge. The results highlight fishers’ capacity to identify coastal and marine landscapes resources and changes, reinforcing and complementing the scientific assessment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Cultural Seascapes in the ‘Sea of Calms’ and La Restinga Coast
- Authors: De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel , Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Aswani, Shankar , González-Cruz, Carla , Domínguez, David , Ordóñez García, Paula , Santana-Talavera, Agustín , Pascual-Fernández, José
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391319 , vital:68641 , ISBN 978-3-031-07289-5 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07289-5
- Description: El Hierro has been characterized by the balance between human development and environmental sustainability. The island was historically far from the mass tourism developments dominant on the other Canary Islands. Tourism accommodations in El Hierro are few compared to more developed coastal areas in the Archipelago, and recreational activities are mainly linked to cultural and natural sites and resources. This chapter focuses on La Restinga fishing village and its coasts, where the ‘Sea of Calms’ and one multiple-use Marine Reserve (MR) are located, both of which became popular over the last decade. The tourist development experience has promoted a new way of looking at the sea and conceptualizing its habitats and populations. In 2014, after the submarine volcano eruption occurred in 2011, we estimated that at least 25,391 dives had been carried out in the diving spots established by the MR and other diving sites close to La Restinga. Despite the difficulties experienced after the volcano eruption, a unique imaginaire has been consolidated, thanks to the image of the island's exclusive nature and iconic elements. In addition, the rapid recovery of the destination is an excellent example of how the tourism system can adapt and incorporate unexpected events such as volcanic eruptions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Household dietary patterns and food security challenges in Peri-Urban South Africa: A reflection of high unemployment in the wake of rising food prices
- Authors: Chakona, Gamuchirai
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433943 , vital:73013 , ISBN 978-3-030-93072-1 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_11
- Description: Urbanization is one of the major social changes sweeping the globe, with rapid growth of the urban population and stagnating growth of the rural population, especially in developing regions (UN-Habitat, 2020). In subSaharan Africa, rapid urbanization and poverty are the major fundamental development challenges that are perpetuating and deepening the crisis of food and nutrition insecurity in urban areas (Battersby, 2012). Many people living in urban areas face under-nutrition, mainly due to their lack of income rather than to a lack of capacity to produce food (Satterthwaite et al., 2010). The health and nutritional status of urban populations with very low incomes are at risk from rising prices in staple foods. This became evident with the rising hunger among urban populations after the food price rises in 2007 and the first half of 2008 (Cohen and Garrett, 2009). In South Africa, poverty, unemployment and high food prices are dominant and influence dietary change, which subsequently increases urban food insecurity and malnutrition (Battersby, 2012).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Lalela uLwandle: An experiment in plural governance discussions
- Authors: Erwin, Kira , Pereira, Taryn , McGarry, Dylan K , Coppen, Neil
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436145 , vital:73230 , ISBN 978-3-030-99347-4 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99347-4_20
- Description: Symbolic, cultural and spiritual meanings of the oceans, whilst different depending on positionality, are important aspects of understanding humans’ relationship with the oceans. Currently in South Africa, cultural, social and spiritual meanings of the oceans are given little consideration in the rush for the Blue Economy and ocean governance frame-works. Neither are they widely considered in environmental conservation and management. This chapter argues that for inclusive ocean governance it is necessary to create more equitable listening forums for how different epistemologies makes sense of the oceans. The chapter draws from the research-based theatre project called Lalela uLwandle performed along the KwaZulu-Natal Coast. The chapter explores what is lost when knowledge systems are conceived as incommensurable and how this serves hegemonic interests. Importantly, it also explores what might be gained when we embody more fluid and plural epistemologies that can mould, expand, broaden and enrich our decision-making process on the ocean.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Plagiarism and the commodification of knowledge
- Authors: McKenna, Sioux
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426967 , vital:72404 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00926-5"
- Description: Universities have put in place various policies and punishments to manage plagiarism and it is an issue of signifcant interest. This article looks at how plagiarism is discussed in the 55 Higher Education articles between 1982 and June 2022 that make some reference to the term. Many of the articles focused on a police-catch-punish approach and imbued a strong moral charge to the issue. In contrast to such articles were those that presented citation as a complex academic practice that needs to be engaged with educationally. Our understandings of and responses to plagiarism emerge from a number of causal mechanisms but I argue that a key mechanism is the commodifcation of knowledge. Where knowledge is a product to be packaged, bought, and sold, then ownership and attribution become more important than engagement and personal meaning making. Instead of our obsession with a police-catch-punish approach to plagiarism, at a more micro-level, we should be inducting students into the many roles citations serve, and at a macro-level, we should be engaging in considerations of the purposes of a higher education and how we might better enable students to enjoy a transformative relationship to knowledge.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Socio-ecological Justice Informed Curriculum: Inquiry Transformative Potentials of Critical Water Pedagogy
- Authors: James, Anna
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436159 , vital:73231 , ISBN 978-3-030-84510-0 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84510-0_5
- Description: This paper brings water education, critical pedagogy, and environmental learning into dialogue for the purposes of ar-ticulating some tensions and openings toward a critical envi-ronmental pedagogy that is asked of us in contexts of the Global South. Against this backdrop, I present a pedagogical framework for a socio-ecological school’s audit which seeks to bring to life the possibility of merging environmental and social movement knowledge. Drawing on the threads of transformative potential from literature on water education projects situated in South Africa, I offer a framework for en-gaging with water as socio-ecological phenomena that re-spond to multiple experiences and the urgency of knowing and shifting our structural relationship to water.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
The Okavango Delta Peatlands
- Authors: Ellery, William N , Ellery, Karen S
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434557 , vital:73077 , ISBN 978-3-030-86101-8 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86102-5_3
- Description: The presence of a large (approximately 2000 km2) peatland in a semi-arid climatic setting such as the Kalahari is unusual. Peat forms in permanently flooded areas in the Okavango Delta primarily due to the perennial input of large volumes of water from a distant catchment in the highlands of Angola, into a valley formed by rifting. Peat deposits form in three distinct settings in the Okavango: backswamp settings where open water is converted into homogeneous emergent peatlands, lake and channel margins where the peatland is patchy, and the inlets to lakes that connect to the primary distributary channel, which presently is the Okavango-Nqoga-Maunachira River system. An unusual feature of peat formation in backswamp areas, as well as in lake and channel margin settings, is that frequently mats of fine organic detritus on the bed rise to the water surface and are colonised by emergent plants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Why Doctoral Education is a Place to be Committed to Social Justice: From Argument to Practice
- Authors: Nerad, Mareis , Chiappa, Roxana
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434529 , vital:73073 , ISBN 978-981-16-9048-8 , https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-9049-5_9
- Description: Doctoral education is the last formal step in a globally accepted higher education certification scheme. It has the formal responsibility of educating the next generation of scholars. This unique role gives doctoral education programs access to people who have, or will have, authority about specific subjects and would be able to make changes that contribute to socially just practices. This chapter is the beginning of an investigative journey to demonstrate that such changes can be executed not only in the research agenda but also in the doctorate research training processes—the research-training ecosystem itself. Using a few examples, we explain how a social justice approach can be used to scrutinize processes of doctoral recruitment and admission, preparation of doctoral candidates for the workplace, and pedagogical decisions exerted throughout the doctorate program. Particularly, in our current era of rising nationalist governments, an alarming environmental crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic raging, we argue that doctoral education can play a critical role of making visible and questioning the norms and values that (re)produce inequity and exclusion in society at the local, national, and global levels.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Advancing urban ecology in the global south: emerging themes and future research directions
- Authors: du Toit, Marie J , Shackleton, Charlie M , Cilliers, Sarel S , Davoren, Elandre
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433713 , vital:72996 , ISBN 978-3-030-67650-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6_17
- Description: The rapid growth in urban ecological research and application has been led by countries of the Global North, particularly Europe and the USA, albeit not restricted to them. However, this belies that most urban growth is currently in the Global South, with the differential set to increase in the future. Thus, there is an imbalance between where the bulk of urban ecological research and framings are developed and where the majority of urban citizens globally live, work and seek to meet their aspirations. This chapter illustrates how this book addressed the identified research gaps in the Global South. We also highlight dominant recurring themes in Global South research discourse and importantly, where future research efforts over the next decade should be focussed. Eight themes are considered, namely: inequality; informality; urban–rural links; small and medium-sized towns and cities; urban green infrastructure, biodiversity and ecosystem services; understanding and accommodating multiple worldviews of urban nature; human health and urban nature; and specific research approaches.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Development and education that sustain: Expanding value chains in agriculture, mining and higher education in southern Africa
- Authors: Rosenberg, Eureta , Shumba, Overson , Ngoma, Justine , Cobban, Leigh
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435811 , vital:73203 , ISBN 978-3-030-74693-3 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74693-3_16
- Description: Deep sustainability, as defined in this chapter, requires a rad-ical conceptual shift, and aligned practical strategies for cre-ating livelihoods and value in new ways. This chapter ex-plores an expanded value chain approach through which in-dustries, communities and higher education institutions in Af-rica can transition towards development that sustains eco-systems and society. An analysis is presented, based on ex-amples from agriculture and mining, two of the most signifi-cant industries on the continent, as well as higher education. The analysis is done by applying key concepts to existing case studies from Zambia and South Africa, and then explor-ing implications for higher education institutions. The chapter concludes that possibilities for more sustainable and shared value creation are already evident in the selected industries, but achieving the shifts required is challenging. Higher edu-cation emerges as having a very significant role to play, through new curriculum and research directions, with greater local relevance, to enable graduates and industries to critical-ly and creatively engage with the challenges on the road to greater sustainability. In this way, higher education institu-tions would become partners in expanded, shared value cre-ation towards deep sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Ecosystem provisioning services in Global South cities
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433764 , vital:72999 , ISBN 978-3-030-67650-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6_8
- Description: All of humankind, urban and rural, rich and poor and whether living in the Global South or the Global North rely to some degree on provisioning ecosystem services such as food, water, timber, fibre and medicinal products. However, in contrast to the Global North the contextual forces shaping many urban livelihoods in the Global South necessitate that many people access the needed provisioning services themselves by directly harvesting or collecting from the immediate, local urban and peri-urban environments, or purchasing them from those who do. Thus, the need for and local availability of provisioning services has profound implications for not only the quality of urban livelihoods, but also the urban ecology in relation to extent and use of urban green infrastructure from where the provisioning services are sourced and the species within them. This chapter summarises compelling evidence from throughout the Global South regarding the extent of use of locally sourced provisioning services by urban communities. It shows that Global South contexts prompt the use of a diverse array of resource types and hundreds of different species in specific settings, much greater than found in Global North cities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
The need for an urban ecology of the Global South
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Cilliers, Sarel S , du Toit, Marie J , Davoren, Elandre
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433744 , vital:72998 , ISBN 978-3-030-67650-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6_1
- Description: Urban ecology is a key discipline in guiding urban development, sustainability and consequently human wellbeing. However, most urban ecological research has, and continues to be, undertaken in the Global North, and thus urban ecological methods, principles and frameworks are dominated by contributions and understandings from the Global North. However, there are a multitude of local- and national-scale contextual differences between the Global North and the Global South that limit or question the universal application of Global North perspectives and knowledge. This chapter lays the foundation for the rest of the book in two ways. First, it explores the development and definitions of the terms ‘urban ecology’ and ‘Global South’. Second, it presents the major biophysical and socio-economic contextual characteristics of Global South towns and cities that differentiate them from those in the Global North. These contextual differences need to be accounted for in urban ecological research, theory and application towards the development of an urban ecology that is more relevant for the Global South, and when conjoined with understandings from the Global North allow for the exploration and development of truly universal urban ecology principles and frameworks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Understanding the food crises in southern Africa and the ways of transitioning the food systems to combat hunger
- Authors: Chakona, Gamuchirai , Mushangai, Dandira
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , working paper
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433956 , vital:73014 , ISBN working paper
- Description: Globally, almost one billion people are estimated to face hunger on a regular basis (Poppy et al., 2014) and more than two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies (Barrett, 2010; FAO et al. 2020). The number of food-insecure people has been on the rise with subSaharan Africa having the greatest number of individuals who are both hungry (about 237 million people) and malnourished (almost 23% of the population) (FAO, 2018). Beyond hunger, FAO et al. (2020) noted that a growing number of people have had to reduce the quantity and quality of the food they consume. This makes it almost impossible to have a world with zero hunger by 2030 and achieve SDG 2 target 2.1 of ensuring access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food for all people and target 2.2 of eradicating all forms of malnutrition (UN 2015). Most governments globally have pledged to eradicate hunger in their nations by 2030, and one of their solutions is to increase agricultural productivity to meet the needs of all their people. However, Poppy et al. (2014) argued that increased yields and food supplies do not assure food security for all as some poorer societies and communities may not have access to sufficient quantity or quality food (Iram and Butt, 2004), which is a challenge in many African communities, especially in South Africa. This highlights the complexity of the food system within many countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Urban ecology of the Global South
- Authors: du Toit, Marie J , Shackleton, Charlie M , Cilliers, Sarel S , Davoren, Elandre
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433728 , vital:72997 , ISBN 978-3-030-67650-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6
- Description: Against the background of unprecedented rates of urbanisation in the Global South, leading to massive social, economic and environmental transformations, this book engages with the dire need to understand the ecology of such settings as the foundation for fostering sustainable and resilient human settlements in contexts that are very different to the Global North. It does so by bringing together scholars from around the world, drawing together research and case studies from across the Global South to illustrate, in an interdisciplinary and comprehensive fashion, the ecology of towns and cities in the Global South. Framed using a social-ecological systems lens, it provides the reader with an in-depth analysis and understanding of the ecological dynamics and ecosystem services and disservices within the complex and rapidly changing towns and cities of the Global South, a region with currently scarce representation in most of the urban ecology literature. As such the book makes a call for greater geographical balance in urban ecology research leading towards a more global understanding and frameworks. The book embraces the complexity of these rapid transformations for ecological and environmental management and how the ecosystems and the benefits they provide shape local ecologies, livelihood opportunities and human wellbeing, and how such knowledge can be mobilised towards improved urban design and management and thus urban sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Urban ecosystem disservices in the Global South
- Authors: Davoren, Elandre , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433780 , vital:73000 , ISBN 978-3-030-67650-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6_11
- Description: As much as people benefit from the ecosystem services provided by nature, ecosystem disservices also impact daily lives. This is especially true for many urban communities in the Global South due to (1) the often greater diversity of ecosystem disservices and (2) higher vulnerabilities, which together can lead to greater impacts of ecosystem disservices in many Global South settings. This chapter provides an overview of the current understandings of urban ecosystem disservices and their assessment and management with an emphasis on the Global South, albeit with reference to the Global North where useful. This overview reveals a lack of detailed and systematic empirical research on urban ecosystem disservices generally, but even more so in the Global South, despite the greater diversity and vulnerability in Global South settings. This needs to be acknowledged in urban ecology framings of urban dynamics in the Global South and translated into better integration of both ecosystem services and disservices within common research, policy or management frameworks. It is only through such integration that appropriate context-relevant policy directions and management options can be identified, thereby promoting the wellbeing of urban citizens in the Global South.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Chemical constituents, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of Leonotis leonurus used in the folklore management of neurological disorders in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Tonisi, Sipho , Okaiyeto, Kunle , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Mabinya, Leonard V , Nwodo, Uchechukwu U , Okoh, Anthony I
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429384 , vital:72606 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-2126-5"
- Description: In the present study, we evaluated the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant properties of chloroform, ethanol and acetone extracts for leaves and flowers of Leonutus leonurus (L. leonurus) alongside with their cytotoxic effects on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. The phytochemical compounds present in the leaves and flowers of L. leonurus included; phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Their radicals scavenging effects against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) [ABTS·+], hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide as well as metal chelating activities showed dose-dependent activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analyses revealed the presence of important bioactive compounds, which are associated with antioxidant; and the extracts exhibited toxicity effect against HeLa cells. The findings from this study divulge extracts of L. leonurus as prospective sources of antioxidant and anticancer agents; and hence, further study on their neuroprotective potentials becomes imperative.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Regulation of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Biology by Host Molecular Chaperones:
- Authors: Kirigin, Elisa , Ruck, Duncan Kyle , Jackson, Zoe , Murphy, James , McDonnell, Euan , Okpara, Michael O , Whitehouse, Adrian , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165385 , vital:41239 , ISBN , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1007/7515_2020_18
- Description: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a gammaherpesvirus associated with development of the human diseases Kaposi’s sarcoma, Primary Effusion Lymphoma and Multicentric Castleman’s Disease. KSHV establishes a chronic latent infection in hosts, with periods of viral lytic replication, where both latent and lytic virus cycles contribute to malignancy, most often in the immunodeficient host.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The social dimensions of biological invasions in South Africa
- Authors: Shackleton, R T , Novoa, A , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434000 , vital:73020 , ISBN 978-3-030-32394-3 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3
- Description: This chapter examines current knowledge relating to the human and social dimensions of biological invasions in South Africa. We do so by advancing 12 propositions and examining the evidence for or against each using South African literature. The propositions cover four broad issues: how people cause invasions; how they conceptualise them; effects of invasive species on people; and peoples’ responses to them. The propositions we assess include:(1) intentional introductions were and continue to refiect the social ethos of the time;(2) people go to great lengths to ensure that newly introduced species establish themselves;(3) human-mediated modifications help invasive species to establish;(4) how people think about and study invasive species is strongly shaped by social-ecological contexts;(5) knowledge and awareness of invasive species is low amongst the general public;(6) personal values are the primary factor affecting perceptions of invasive alien species and their control;(7) specific social-ecological contexts mediate how invasive species affect people;(8) research on social effects of invasive species primarily focuses on negative impacts;(9) the negative social impacts of invasive species on local livelihoods are of more concern to people than impacts on biodiversity;(10) people are less willing to manage species regarded as ‘charismatic’;(11) social heterogeneity increases confiicts around the management of biological invasions; and (12) engagement with society is key to successful management. By advancing and questioning propositions, we were able to determine what is known, provide evidence for where gaps lie, and thus identify areas for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020