A framework for understanding the role of culture and the transmission of women entrepreneurship promotion in South Africa
- Karasi, Yvonne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-281X
- Authors: Karasi, Yvonne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-281X
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Women in economic development -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28569 , vital:74421
- Description: Developing countries are increasingly recognising the need for promoting women entrepreneurship. Within Africa, women’s contribution tends to be ignored. Thus, gender discrimination, the lack of finance, limited education, limited technical skills, role conflicts, and culture are among the most cited barriers for women entrepreneurship. Recent literature challenges the notion that all aforementioned factors are barriers to entrepreneurial action. To contribute to knowledge, this study sensitises the culture element. Accordingly, there is a growing body of knowledge that is viewing culture as an enabler (and not a barrier) of women entrepreneurship. Two factors are at the core of this argument: (1) culture, as it is understood, in the contemporary literature is not appropriately conceptualised from an African perspective. (2) The definition of entrepreneurship as it relates to the developing countries is restrictive. These definitions ignore various economic activities undertaken mostly by women, which if carefully considered are indeed entrepreneurship. Therefore, it was appropriate for this thesis to explore the issues of both culture and entrepreneurship within the existing body of literature with the intention of gaining a knowledge of the dynamics of women's entrepreneurship in Africa. The scant research that has been done on the entrepreneurial dynamics of women and, in particular, how culture influences the latter, was recognized as a lacuna in the existing body of literature. Consequently, this study considered cultural determinants of entrepreneurship as well as the transmission of entrepreneurship across generations. The thesis was undertaken using a qualitative methodology. Using snowballing sampling technique, female entrepreneurs from 3 provinces (i.e., Gauteng, Limpopo, and Eastern Cape) in South Africa participated in the study. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed, among others, that there is a misconception on what constitutes “true African culture.” Thus, results suggest that the conceptualisation of culture in the African context, contrasts the conceptualisation in previous (non-African) literature. Furthermore, some elements of culture are indeed barriers. Interestingly, personal factors such as characteristics of women entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial intentions have also contributed to the barriers to women entrepreneurship. Finally, the study proposes a framework for leveraging culture to be an entrepreneurial enabler for women entrepreneurship. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
- Authors: Karasi, Yvonne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-281X
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Women in economic development -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28569 , vital:74421
- Description: Developing countries are increasingly recognising the need for promoting women entrepreneurship. Within Africa, women’s contribution tends to be ignored. Thus, gender discrimination, the lack of finance, limited education, limited technical skills, role conflicts, and culture are among the most cited barriers for women entrepreneurship. Recent literature challenges the notion that all aforementioned factors are barriers to entrepreneurial action. To contribute to knowledge, this study sensitises the culture element. Accordingly, there is a growing body of knowledge that is viewing culture as an enabler (and not a barrier) of women entrepreneurship. Two factors are at the core of this argument: (1) culture, as it is understood, in the contemporary literature is not appropriately conceptualised from an African perspective. (2) The definition of entrepreneurship as it relates to the developing countries is restrictive. These definitions ignore various economic activities undertaken mostly by women, which if carefully considered are indeed entrepreneurship. Therefore, it was appropriate for this thesis to explore the issues of both culture and entrepreneurship within the existing body of literature with the intention of gaining a knowledge of the dynamics of women's entrepreneurship in Africa. The scant research that has been done on the entrepreneurial dynamics of women and, in particular, how culture influences the latter, was recognized as a lacuna in the existing body of literature. Consequently, this study considered cultural determinants of entrepreneurship as well as the transmission of entrepreneurship across generations. The thesis was undertaken using a qualitative methodology. Using snowballing sampling technique, female entrepreneurs from 3 provinces (i.e., Gauteng, Limpopo, and Eastern Cape) in South Africa participated in the study. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed, among others, that there is a misconception on what constitutes “true African culture.” Thus, results suggest that the conceptualisation of culture in the African context, contrasts the conceptualisation in previous (non-African) literature. Furthermore, some elements of culture are indeed barriers. Interestingly, personal factors such as characteristics of women entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial intentions have also contributed to the barriers to women entrepreneurship. Finally, the study proposes a framework for leveraging culture to be an entrepreneurial enabler for women entrepreneurship. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
Factors contributing to the success of professional and business women in South Africa
- Authors: Doubell, Marianne
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Women executives -- South Africa , Women in the professions -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Career development -- South Africa , Women in development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCom
- Identifier: vital:9275 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1622 , Women executives -- South Africa , Women in the professions -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Career development -- South Africa , Women in development -- South Africa
- Description: Women remain notably underrepresented in management and leadership positions despite the enactment of Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action policies. A critical literature review yielded evidence of a multitude of barriers inhibiting women’s career advancement beyond an apparent glass ceiling, but not which of the factors constitute the major barriers. A knowledge gap was further identified in research pertaining to characteristics of successful professional women and the environments that enable them to succeed in their professions. The purpose of the current study is to expand the empirical body of research and knowledge on factors contributing to the success of professional women, and of factors inhibiting the career progression of women in business. The study extends that of Punnett, Duffy, Fox, Gregory, Lituchy, Monserrat, Olivas-Luján and Santos (2006) and of Duffy, Fox, Punnett, Gregory, Lituchy, Monserrat, Olivas-Luján, Santos and Miller (2006), conducted in the Americas, to the South African context. The study suggests a conceptual framework for investigating factors that influence professional success of women. The developed conceptual framework of factors perceived to influence professional success was employed to empirically test the relationships between the variables presented. The empirical data collected was subjected to a series of statistical tests and the results considered in testing the hypotheses. Statistica 10 was employed to analyse the empirical data collected. Univariate and multivariate tests (MANOVA) were employed to determine whether sufficient evidence existed to make conclusions about hypotheses one to five of the study, relating to differences between two success groups of women based on their demographics and the selected variables. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (Pearson r) was employed to determine whether sufficient evidence existed to make conclusions about vi hypotheses six to ten, relating to significant relationships between the selected independent variables for the study and the professional success of women. Professional success was measured as job seniority level. For the pipeline success group, professional success was measured as seniority in relation to years in the employment sector and age. The contribution of the study to management science and possible limitations are discussed and recommendations made for future research. Recommendations for the development of women and for the social transformation of organisations are made. The study identifies a number of internal organisational support factors and government interventions which are recommended for inclusion in development initiatives for the achievement of gender equity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Doubell, Marianne
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Women executives -- South Africa , Women in the professions -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Career development -- South Africa , Women in development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCom
- Identifier: vital:9275 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1622 , Women executives -- South Africa , Women in the professions -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Career development -- South Africa , Women in development -- South Africa
- Description: Women remain notably underrepresented in management and leadership positions despite the enactment of Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action policies. A critical literature review yielded evidence of a multitude of barriers inhibiting women’s career advancement beyond an apparent glass ceiling, but not which of the factors constitute the major barriers. A knowledge gap was further identified in research pertaining to characteristics of successful professional women and the environments that enable them to succeed in their professions. The purpose of the current study is to expand the empirical body of research and knowledge on factors contributing to the success of professional women, and of factors inhibiting the career progression of women in business. The study extends that of Punnett, Duffy, Fox, Gregory, Lituchy, Monserrat, Olivas-Luján and Santos (2006) and of Duffy, Fox, Punnett, Gregory, Lituchy, Monserrat, Olivas-Luján, Santos and Miller (2006), conducted in the Americas, to the South African context. The study suggests a conceptual framework for investigating factors that influence professional success of women. The developed conceptual framework of factors perceived to influence professional success was employed to empirically test the relationships between the variables presented. The empirical data collected was subjected to a series of statistical tests and the results considered in testing the hypotheses. Statistica 10 was employed to analyse the empirical data collected. Univariate and multivariate tests (MANOVA) were employed to determine whether sufficient evidence existed to make conclusions about hypotheses one to five of the study, relating to differences between two success groups of women based on their demographics and the selected variables. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (Pearson r) was employed to determine whether sufficient evidence existed to make conclusions about vi hypotheses six to ten, relating to significant relationships between the selected independent variables for the study and the professional success of women. Professional success was measured as job seniority level. For the pipeline success group, professional success was measured as seniority in relation to years in the employment sector and age. The contribution of the study to management science and possible limitations are discussed and recommendations made for future research. Recommendations for the development of women and for the social transformation of organisations are made. The study identifies a number of internal organisational support factors and government interventions which are recommended for inclusion in development initiatives for the achievement of gender equity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Identification and analysis of the factors that influence the development of female entrepreneurs in the informal sector
- Authors: Sokabo, Nobenguni B
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Women in development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10907 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/98 , Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Women in development -- South Africa
- Description: There is a remarkable increase in the participation of females in business activities due to their involvement in the informal sector. These activities appear to be insignificant and not measurable because they are outside the regulatory framework, but they also absorb multitudes of the unemployable. Notwithstanding the challenges of low levels of education, lack of skills and finance as well as the need to balance reproductive and productive roles, females are under pressure to generate income through trading in small scale businesses that can hardly grow beyond subsistence level. With the meagre earnings from their activities, they ensure the survival of their families. If female entrepreneurs are developed and brought into the economic main stream, they will bring with them their unique survivalist techniques that will contribute towards economic development and growth in the country. This report examines the constraints that affect the development of female entrepreneurs in the informal sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Sokabo, Nobenguni B
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Women in development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10907 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/98 , Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Women in development -- South Africa
- Description: There is a remarkable increase in the participation of females in business activities due to their involvement in the informal sector. These activities appear to be insignificant and not measurable because they are outside the regulatory framework, but they also absorb multitudes of the unemployable. Notwithstanding the challenges of low levels of education, lack of skills and finance as well as the need to balance reproductive and productive roles, females are under pressure to generate income through trading in small scale businesses that can hardly grow beyond subsistence level. With the meagre earnings from their activities, they ensure the survival of their families. If female entrepreneurs are developed and brought into the economic main stream, they will bring with them their unique survivalist techniques that will contribute towards economic development and growth in the country. This report examines the constraints that affect the development of female entrepreneurs in the informal sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
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