- Title
- The effect of temperature and turbidity on spawning chokka squid, loligo reynaudii, in Eastern Cape waters
- Creator
- Downey, Nicola Jean
- Subject
- Squids -- Effect of temperature on -- South Africa
- Subject
- Squids -- Effect of turbidity on -- South Africa
- Subject
- Squids -- Spawning -- South Africa
- Subject
- Loliginidae -- South Africa
- Date Issued
- 2009
- Date
- 2009
- Type
- Thesis
- Type
- Masters
- Type
- MSc
- Identifier
- vital:10719
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10948/945
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012895
- Identifier
- Squids -- Effect of temperature on -- South Africa
- Identifier
- Squids -- Effect of turbidity on -- South Africa
- Identifier
- Squids -- Spawning -- South Africa
- Identifier
- Loliginidae -- South Africa
- Description
- Several studies suggest the environment influences chokka squid catches which are mostly based on the successful formation of inshore spawning aggregations. None of the evidence, however, is direct observation. Acoustic telemetry offers a means to determine the response of spawners to changes in the environment and insight into the behaviour of spawning squid. A hexagonal array of VR2 receivers deployed 500 m apart was deemed to be ideal to monitor the movement patterns of squid on the spawning sites. In isothermic conditions, an area up to 1.28 km2 could be monitored as there was an approximate 50 m overlap in individual VR2 receiver range. In thermocline conditions however, “acoustic dead zones” as wide as 350 m may have existed between VR2 receivers, limiting the performance of this configuration. Similarly benthic turbidity events would also decrease detection range and limit performance. A hexagonal array of VR2 receivers was moored in Kromme Bay on and around active spawning aggregations during the squid fishery closed seasons of November 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006. Squid were caught on jigs and tagged with V9 acoustic pressure telemetry transmitters. A total of 45 animals were tagged. Presence-absence analysis identified three general behaviours: (1) arrival at dawn and departure after dusk, (2) a continuous and uninterrupted presence for a number of days and (3) presence interrupted by frequent but short periods of absence. Overall, the data suggests frequent migrations between spawning aggregations and offshore feeding grounds. The pressure sensor data showed both males and females stayed persistently near the seabed during the day, but at night, this pattern was broken with common activity higher up in the water column. The squid did not remain exclusively in the water column and regularly made excursions to the seabed. CTD and temperature data indicated the intrusion of a cold bottom layer due to upwelling at the monitored spawning sites on a number of occasions. The formation of spawning aggregations appears to be triggered by upwelling events and spawning behaviour, once initiated, disrupted by upwelling events with a rapid onset, possibly due to an inability to adapt physiologically over such a short time period.
- Format
- ix, 118 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps. ; 31 cm
- Format
- Publisher
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science
- Language
- English
- Rights
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
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