Investigating the purported medicinal properties of cannabinoid containing products available for human consumption in South Africa
- Authors: Stark, Nicole Jade
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Thin layer chromatography , Tetrahydrocannabinol , Cannabinoids
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69716 , vital:78013
- Description: Cannabis has until recently, in some countries, been classified as an illicit, illegal drug. In South Africa, the sale of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) is still illegal, but there has been an amendment of legislation in the governing of the use of marijuana in that the private use of marijuana was decriminalised in September 2018. This has led to questions about whether the recreational use of Cannabis should be legalised and what is the potential social implications of this legislation moving forward (Mokwena, 2019). This study aimed to assess whether the indications and consequently the concentrations associated with the declared purported use of cannabinoid containing products correspond with the information declared on the label and conform to the regulatory limits set out for these products. The objectives of this study were to explore: the range of products available in South Africa, the prescribed use and dosage of the product and to test the accuracy of the reported information on the product labelling regarding the cannabinoid content. This investigation pursued a quantitative approach that is empirical and comprised of laboratory-based experiments. A minimum of seven samples of different liquid preparations of products, reported to contain cannabinoids and being sold without the need for a prescription or licence were tested with the aid of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), to separate individual compounds from the many that could be found in these Cannabis products. The results of this testing of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and, where applicable, their concentrations were determined. Using the data collected and review of available literature, assessments were made as to whether the products tested conform to the regulatory standards and contained the cannabinoids as stated on the labelling. From the data obtained findings were that not all products currently available on the South African market correspond to the information reported on the label or conform to the regulatory standards. , Thesis (MPharm) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Care & Medicinal Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Stark, Nicole Jade
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Thin layer chromatography , Tetrahydrocannabinol , Cannabinoids
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69716 , vital:78013
- Description: Cannabis has until recently, in some countries, been classified as an illicit, illegal drug. In South Africa, the sale of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) is still illegal, but there has been an amendment of legislation in the governing of the use of marijuana in that the private use of marijuana was decriminalised in September 2018. This has led to questions about whether the recreational use of Cannabis should be legalised and what is the potential social implications of this legislation moving forward (Mokwena, 2019). This study aimed to assess whether the indications and consequently the concentrations associated with the declared purported use of cannabinoid containing products correspond with the information declared on the label and conform to the regulatory limits set out for these products. The objectives of this study were to explore: the range of products available in South Africa, the prescribed use and dosage of the product and to test the accuracy of the reported information on the product labelling regarding the cannabinoid content. This investigation pursued a quantitative approach that is empirical and comprised of laboratory-based experiments. A minimum of seven samples of different liquid preparations of products, reported to contain cannabinoids and being sold without the need for a prescription or licence were tested with the aid of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), to separate individual compounds from the many that could be found in these Cannabis products. The results of this testing of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and, where applicable, their concentrations were determined. Using the data collected and review of available literature, assessments were made as to whether the products tested conform to the regulatory standards and contained the cannabinoids as stated on the labelling. From the data obtained findings were that not all products currently available on the South African market correspond to the information reported on the label or conform to the regulatory standards. , Thesis (MPharm) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Care & Medicinal Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An investigation into some aspects of the thin layer chromatographic assay of Pregnanediol with emphasis on the suitability of this method as a clinical laboratory routine
- Authors: Paton, L T
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Thin layer chromatography , Pregnanediol
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3853 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013023
- Description: Pregnanediol (5B Pregnane- 3⋉- 20⋉- dial) is the chief urinary metabolite of progesterone, and as such is important in that variations in its concentration reflect variations in progesterone secretion. Estimations of pregnanediol concentration are therefore of considerable interest to the obstetrician and gynaecologist. Pregnanediol was first identified in the urine of pregnant women in 1929 by Marrian. Nearly ten years later Venning developed a method by which the glucuronic acid ester of pregnanediol could be extracted from the urine and its concentration gravimetrically determined. Numerous variations of the Venning theme were published in the next few years, each being claimed by its authors to be an improvement on the original. Most of these involved the estimation of the conjugated form, and it was a while before the advantage of estimating the hydrolysed aglycone was realized. Hydrolysis, when it was practised, resolved itself into two methods - namely, hydrolysis by heating the urine with a mineral acid, and enzymic hydrolysis by incubation with beta-glucuronidase. Acid hydrolysis, while producing a less clean hydrolysate, is more rapid and convenient than enzyme hydrolysis, and is used in the Klapper method which is presently the most widely used method in clinical studies. Klapper employs a double chromategraphic column separation of pregnanediol followed by colorimetric evaluation. Variations of Klapper's method have also appeared and not a few investigators have published comparisons of the various methods. Klapper himself compared his method to certain other methods and concluded that his was definitely superior. Of the accuracy of the Klapper method there is no doubt. Subsequent methods have proved more sensitive, but in terms of practicability Klapper's is the method of choice. As was pointed out with some complacency, "practicability is most satisfactory, one technician readily performing some twenty determinations in one week." In contrast to the flood of criticisms, comparisons, variations, claims and counter-claims which accompanied the publication of the abovementioned methods, the thin layer chromatographic method perfected by Waldi attracted very little attention. It is very much more rapid than all other existing techniques, is very sensitive, specific and of acceptable accuracy. In an attempt to ensure its usefulness for clinical and medical research laboratories, the Waldi method has been marketed in 'kit' form. It is intended primarily as a diagnostic aid in establishing pregnancy, and as such it might have enjoyed considerable application had it not been for the advent of the immunological method of pregnancy diagnosis which is very much more rapid. Nevertheless, the Waldi method, used purely as a means of assessing the pregnanediol content of the urine is extremely useful, and it is the purpose of this investigation to establish this usefulness, especially with respect to routine clinical investigations. The validity of some diagnoses which are based on pregnanediol assay results, is also investigated. As it is impossible to explain the significance or usefulness of a pregnanediol assay without first explaining the functions of progesterone, some time and space must be expended in a brief description, firstly, of the role played by progesterone in the phenomenon of the menstrual cycle, and secondly, of its vital importance in pregnancy. It must be realized that progesterone is only one of the many hormones involved in these events, but, in order to limit the introduction of extraneous detail, no mention is made of the other hormonal participants except when necessary for the understanding of the whole. It may be mentioned here that much of the evidence that was used for the elucidation of the functions and origins of progesterone, was derived from studies of its metabolite, pregnanediol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
- Authors: Paton, L T
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Thin layer chromatography , Pregnanediol
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3853 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013023
- Description: Pregnanediol (5B Pregnane- 3⋉- 20⋉- dial) is the chief urinary metabolite of progesterone, and as such is important in that variations in its concentration reflect variations in progesterone secretion. Estimations of pregnanediol concentration are therefore of considerable interest to the obstetrician and gynaecologist. Pregnanediol was first identified in the urine of pregnant women in 1929 by Marrian. Nearly ten years later Venning developed a method by which the glucuronic acid ester of pregnanediol could be extracted from the urine and its concentration gravimetrically determined. Numerous variations of the Venning theme were published in the next few years, each being claimed by its authors to be an improvement on the original. Most of these involved the estimation of the conjugated form, and it was a while before the advantage of estimating the hydrolysed aglycone was realized. Hydrolysis, when it was practised, resolved itself into two methods - namely, hydrolysis by heating the urine with a mineral acid, and enzymic hydrolysis by incubation with beta-glucuronidase. Acid hydrolysis, while producing a less clean hydrolysate, is more rapid and convenient than enzyme hydrolysis, and is used in the Klapper method which is presently the most widely used method in clinical studies. Klapper employs a double chromategraphic column separation of pregnanediol followed by colorimetric evaluation. Variations of Klapper's method have also appeared and not a few investigators have published comparisons of the various methods. Klapper himself compared his method to certain other methods and concluded that his was definitely superior. Of the accuracy of the Klapper method there is no doubt. Subsequent methods have proved more sensitive, but in terms of practicability Klapper's is the method of choice. As was pointed out with some complacency, "practicability is most satisfactory, one technician readily performing some twenty determinations in one week." In contrast to the flood of criticisms, comparisons, variations, claims and counter-claims which accompanied the publication of the abovementioned methods, the thin layer chromatographic method perfected by Waldi attracted very little attention. It is very much more rapid than all other existing techniques, is very sensitive, specific and of acceptable accuracy. In an attempt to ensure its usefulness for clinical and medical research laboratories, the Waldi method has been marketed in 'kit' form. It is intended primarily as a diagnostic aid in establishing pregnancy, and as such it might have enjoyed considerable application had it not been for the advent of the immunological method of pregnancy diagnosis which is very much more rapid. Nevertheless, the Waldi method, used purely as a means of assessing the pregnanediol content of the urine is extremely useful, and it is the purpose of this investigation to establish this usefulness, especially with respect to routine clinical investigations. The validity of some diagnoses which are based on pregnanediol assay results, is also investigated. As it is impossible to explain the significance or usefulness of a pregnanediol assay without first explaining the functions of progesterone, some time and space must be expended in a brief description, firstly, of the role played by progesterone in the phenomenon of the menstrual cycle, and secondly, of its vital importance in pregnancy. It must be realized that progesterone is only one of the many hormones involved in these events, but, in order to limit the introduction of extraneous detail, no mention is made of the other hormonal participants except when necessary for the understanding of the whole. It may be mentioned here that much of the evidence that was used for the elucidation of the functions and origins of progesterone, was derived from studies of its metabolite, pregnanediol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
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