Continuous flow synthesis of 5-formyl-2,4- dimethyl-1h-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, a key intermediate towards the synthesis of sunitinib anti-cancer drug
- Authors: Gqokoma, Zizo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Flow chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48356 , vital:40852
- Description: The present trend in the pharmaceutical industry is towards adapting continuous flow processing with the main driving force behind this being the need to reduce environmental and economic costs. Continuous flow systems have proven to produce better quality products at lower costs, time and energy. As a result, this technique has diversified and expanded to provide novel, and practical solutions to not only organic synthesis but also renewable fuels and material science. The focus of this research work was to exploit continuous flow systems, to develop a continuous flow process that is energy and time effective, using commercial micro reactors to synthesize 5-formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, a key intermediate towards the synthesis of sunitinib, an anti-cancer drug. In this thesis, a successful study on the individual translation of a 5 step batch synthesis of 5- formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid into optimised continuous flow syntheses is demonstrated. A comprehensive literature review and background on cancer, and an introduction to pyrrole rings, their role in disease treatments in addition to a brief introduction to continuous flow technology with its advantages, and comparison to classical batch methods are provided in the first chapter. Chapter two is detailing the experimental procedures utilised for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The continuous flow synthesis of the four intermediates towards the target compound in this work proved to be far superior compared to their batch syntheses; excellent improvements in reaction yields and selectivity in addition to tremendously shorter reaction times were observed. This is expounded in chapter three with detailed discussions of the results attained during the continuous flow optimisation of each step within the scope of this research, are provided. The concluding remarks, the impact of this study and future work are elucidated in chapter four.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Gqokoma, Zizo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Flow chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48356 , vital:40852
- Description: The present trend in the pharmaceutical industry is towards adapting continuous flow processing with the main driving force behind this being the need to reduce environmental and economic costs. Continuous flow systems have proven to produce better quality products at lower costs, time and energy. As a result, this technique has diversified and expanded to provide novel, and practical solutions to not only organic synthesis but also renewable fuels and material science. The focus of this research work was to exploit continuous flow systems, to develop a continuous flow process that is energy and time effective, using commercial micro reactors to synthesize 5-formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, a key intermediate towards the synthesis of sunitinib, an anti-cancer drug. In this thesis, a successful study on the individual translation of a 5 step batch synthesis of 5- formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid into optimised continuous flow syntheses is demonstrated. A comprehensive literature review and background on cancer, and an introduction to pyrrole rings, their role in disease treatments in addition to a brief introduction to continuous flow technology with its advantages, and comparison to classical batch methods are provided in the first chapter. Chapter two is detailing the experimental procedures utilised for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The continuous flow synthesis of the four intermediates towards the target compound in this work proved to be far superior compared to their batch syntheses; excellent improvements in reaction yields and selectivity in addition to tremendously shorter reaction times were observed. This is expounded in chapter three with detailed discussions of the results attained during the continuous flow optimisation of each step within the scope of this research, are provided. The concluding remarks, the impact of this study and future work are elucidated in chapter four.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Continuous flow synthesis of imatinib intermediates
- Authors: Rupapa, Harold Takunda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Flow chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47464 , vital:39993
- Description: In this thesis, an alternative approach using continuous flow chemistry towards imatinib intermediates is described; an important drug in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Various protocols that describe the multistep batch organic synthesis of imatinib are outlined. Many of the batch synthetic protocols require long reaction times in the multistep synthesis towards the various imatinib intermediates. A broad description into the cancer epidemic such as myeloid leukemia, the cost of drug manufacture and the effect that the high cost of manufacture has on the accessibility to such treatment in Africa is outlined. Use of continuous flow reactors, the exploitation of various technologies and their advantages on organic synthesis compared to batch synthesis are also described. The batch reaction conditions needed for the multistep transformation towards imatinib were adapted to a continuous flow set up. The optimization investigation shows an improvement in the conversion in the various steps. The flow synthesis of the enaminone provided a conversion of 99% when in o-xylene and the ability to use backpressure regulators assisted the investigation at high temperatures. Solution-phase flow synthesis of the guanidinium nitrate, which gave low yields in batch, also showed an improvement in conversion, where in 30 minutes a conversion of 99% was confirmed by altering the co-solvent mixture. The cycloaddition reaction of the enaminone and the guanidinium nitrate salt, achieved 90% conversion to the 2-aminopyridine core at 180 oC. The nitro group reduction was achieved in the presence of a greener catalyst, namely iron pentanedionate, in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. The effect of temperature, molar equivalence and solvent on reaction conversions could be observed in these steps. The thesis is concluded in chapter 4, with the conclusion and recommendations for future work towards a scalable continuous flow synthesis of the imatinib intermediates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Rupapa, Harold Takunda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Flow chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47464 , vital:39993
- Description: In this thesis, an alternative approach using continuous flow chemistry towards imatinib intermediates is described; an important drug in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Various protocols that describe the multistep batch organic synthesis of imatinib are outlined. Many of the batch synthetic protocols require long reaction times in the multistep synthesis towards the various imatinib intermediates. A broad description into the cancer epidemic such as myeloid leukemia, the cost of drug manufacture and the effect that the high cost of manufacture has on the accessibility to such treatment in Africa is outlined. Use of continuous flow reactors, the exploitation of various technologies and their advantages on organic synthesis compared to batch synthesis are also described. The batch reaction conditions needed for the multistep transformation towards imatinib were adapted to a continuous flow set up. The optimization investigation shows an improvement in the conversion in the various steps. The flow synthesis of the enaminone provided a conversion of 99% when in o-xylene and the ability to use backpressure regulators assisted the investigation at high temperatures. Solution-phase flow synthesis of the guanidinium nitrate, which gave low yields in batch, also showed an improvement in conversion, where in 30 minutes a conversion of 99% was confirmed by altering the co-solvent mixture. The cycloaddition reaction of the enaminone and the guanidinium nitrate salt, achieved 90% conversion to the 2-aminopyridine core at 180 oC. The nitro group reduction was achieved in the presence of a greener catalyst, namely iron pentanedionate, in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. The effect of temperature, molar equivalence and solvent on reaction conversions could be observed in these steps. The thesis is concluded in chapter 4, with the conclusion and recommendations for future work towards a scalable continuous flow synthesis of the imatinib intermediates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Continuous professional development for medical sales representatives: a needs assessment
- Authors: Heleta, Jade Lana
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Career development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46366 , vital:39576
- Description: Employees in any industry need to continuously update their skills in order to be knowledgeable and competitive. Conducting a needs assessment plays an instrumental role in ensuring that continuous professional development (CPD) training is relevant to the target audience. In many organisations, however, CPD training programmes are often planned and delivered without a comprehensive needs assessment first being undertaken. This was a quantitative study that used a descriptive survey design and an online survey tool for data collection and analysis. Using an all-inclusive sample, the purpose of this study was to explore and describe CPD needs of medical sales representatives at an international medical devices company that operates in South Africa. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Research findings are depicted in frequencies, percentages, tables and figures. The findings of the study reveal specific training needs of the respondents and the shortcomings of the existing CPD offerings. The findings show that the CPD training offered by the company under study is mostly product specific and about sales. The respondents have highlighted that they would like to see more practical training to be incorporated into the CPD training programmes. It was also noted that the respondents would like to provide more input into the training programmes that are being offered by the company under study. The study has also identified areas where the company can improve in order to make these CPD training opportunities a more satisfying, educational and developmental experience for the employees. While the study focuses on one company, findings are relevant for other similar companies, as well as companies in other industries, since CPD at the workplace is a necessity in any competitive business environment or industry in order to increase productivity, sales, staff retention and customer satisfaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Heleta, Jade Lana
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Career development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46366 , vital:39576
- Description: Employees in any industry need to continuously update their skills in order to be knowledgeable and competitive. Conducting a needs assessment plays an instrumental role in ensuring that continuous professional development (CPD) training is relevant to the target audience. In many organisations, however, CPD training programmes are often planned and delivered without a comprehensive needs assessment first being undertaken. This was a quantitative study that used a descriptive survey design and an online survey tool for data collection and analysis. Using an all-inclusive sample, the purpose of this study was to explore and describe CPD needs of medical sales representatives at an international medical devices company that operates in South Africa. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Research findings are depicted in frequencies, percentages, tables and figures. The findings of the study reveal specific training needs of the respondents and the shortcomings of the existing CPD offerings. The findings show that the CPD training offered by the company under study is mostly product specific and about sales. The respondents have highlighted that they would like to see more practical training to be incorporated into the CPD training programmes. It was also noted that the respondents would like to provide more input into the training programmes that are being offered by the company under study. The study has also identified areas where the company can improve in order to make these CPD training opportunities a more satisfying, educational and developmental experience for the employees. While the study focuses on one company, findings are relevant for other similar companies, as well as companies in other industries, since CPD at the workplace is a necessity in any competitive business environment or industry in order to increase productivity, sales, staff retention and customer satisfaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Contraceptive use and Sex Education among Teenagers in Mdantsane Township, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Ibikunle, Kehinde Olaoye
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sex instruction Primary Health Care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18411 , vital:42263
- Description: Uptake of contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy among sexually active teenagers in South Africa remains low as evidenced by the high prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortions among adolescents. This is happening despite the wide availability of contraceptives which are also offered free of charge and in a context where comprehensive sexuality education is provided from primary school level. There is limited evidence regarding contraceptive use among teenagers in South Africa, which limits the decision making on targeting for promoting use of contraceptives. To address this gap, a quantitative cross sectional study of women aged 13 and above was conducted in Mdatsane Township to investigate the factors associated with contraceptive use among teenagers and compare this with young women aged 20 and above, as well as to assess if there are any associations in the use of contraceptives between the demographic characteristics of the teenagers and their caregivers. The study findings showed that non-use of contraceptives was 53.3%. Teenagers were significantly less likely to use contraceptives, OR 0.31, 95% CI (0.18 – 0.530), more likely to use injectables OR 3.48 95% CI 1.99 – 6.08, more likely to identify partner issues being reason for not using condoms OR 10.60, 95 % CI (2.01 – 55.94). Teenager were more likely to have Termination of unwanted pregnancy on the past (TOP), OR 2.13 95% CI (1.03 – 4.38), and would likely choose Depo/Petogen even if it increases HIV transmission OR 3.65, 95% CI (1.98 – 6.73). Teenagers were more likely to have been exposed to sex education and less likely to have a close relationship with caregivers OR 0.49 95% CI (0.27 – 0.90). In view of these findings it is logical to argue that although teenagers have accessed CSE they have not been able to translate it into action. Hence the need to develop the strategies that can help facilitate behaviour change. Further in-depth studies must be conducted to establish which types of contraceptives are preferred and acceptable to teenagers. Promote self-efficacy of teenagers to be empowered to make own decisions and not put their partners’ preferences on use of contraceptives and continue promoting primary and secondary abstinence while also encouraging delayed sexual debut
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ibikunle, Kehinde Olaoye
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sex instruction Primary Health Care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18411 , vital:42263
- Description: Uptake of contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy among sexually active teenagers in South Africa remains low as evidenced by the high prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortions among adolescents. This is happening despite the wide availability of contraceptives which are also offered free of charge and in a context where comprehensive sexuality education is provided from primary school level. There is limited evidence regarding contraceptive use among teenagers in South Africa, which limits the decision making on targeting for promoting use of contraceptives. To address this gap, a quantitative cross sectional study of women aged 13 and above was conducted in Mdatsane Township to investigate the factors associated with contraceptive use among teenagers and compare this with young women aged 20 and above, as well as to assess if there are any associations in the use of contraceptives between the demographic characteristics of the teenagers and their caregivers. The study findings showed that non-use of contraceptives was 53.3%. Teenagers were significantly less likely to use contraceptives, OR 0.31, 95% CI (0.18 – 0.530), more likely to use injectables OR 3.48 95% CI 1.99 – 6.08, more likely to identify partner issues being reason for not using condoms OR 10.60, 95 % CI (2.01 – 55.94). Teenager were more likely to have Termination of unwanted pregnancy on the past (TOP), OR 2.13 95% CI (1.03 – 4.38), and would likely choose Depo/Petogen even if it increases HIV transmission OR 3.65, 95% CI (1.98 – 6.73). Teenagers were more likely to have been exposed to sex education and less likely to have a close relationship with caregivers OR 0.49 95% CI (0.27 – 0.90). In view of these findings it is logical to argue that although teenagers have accessed CSE they have not been able to translate it into action. Hence the need to develop the strategies that can help facilitate behaviour change. Further in-depth studies must be conducted to establish which types of contraceptives are preferred and acceptable to teenagers. Promote self-efficacy of teenagers to be empowered to make own decisions and not put their partners’ preferences on use of contraceptives and continue promoting primary and secondary abstinence while also encouraging delayed sexual debut
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Contributions to the systematics and ecology of Tulista Raf(Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)
- Authors: Molteno, Steven Martin
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Plant ecology -- South Africa , Plant ecology -- Comparative method Biodiversity , Species diversity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49182 , vital:41608
- Description: The subject of this study is the taxonomy, morphology, distribution and ecology of Tulista Raf. (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a genus of succulent plants that are endemic to South Africa. A lack of clarity on the taxonomy of this genus, coupled with an incomplete understanding of the distribution, ecology and habitat preferences of the constituent species, risks hampering the conservation of Tulista species, two of which are endangered species. The purpose of this study is therefore to address the need for a more detailed and consistent treatment of Tulista taxonomy and morphology, complemented by a study of the plants’ distribution and ecology. The work first provides a review of the relevant taxonomy and nomenclature, concluding with the presentation of the validly published names referring to Tulista. A detailed morphometric study resulted in strong support for one species, Tulista marginata (Lam.) G.D.Rowley, as well as for a grouping comprising Tulista pumila (L.) G.D.Rowley and Tulista minor (Aiton) Gideon F.Sm. & Molteno, with further moderate support for the distinction between the latter two species. The fourth out of the currently recognised species, Tulista kingiana (Poelln.) Gideon F.Sm. & Molteno, was only weakly characterised by the morphometric results, which suggested that its closest morphological affinity may be with hybrid plants that are sometimes found near T. marginata populations. The characterisation of some more controversial taxa was not supported in the results. Some changes to the circumscription of currently recognised Tulista species are also suggested by the results. In addition, field work conducted during the course of the study resulted in an expanded set of distribution data for the genus, together with certain habitat variables identified as potentially significant for the distribution and ecology of Tulista species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Molteno, Steven Martin
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Plant ecology -- South Africa , Plant ecology -- Comparative method Biodiversity , Species diversity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49182 , vital:41608
- Description: The subject of this study is the taxonomy, morphology, distribution and ecology of Tulista Raf. (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a genus of succulent plants that are endemic to South Africa. A lack of clarity on the taxonomy of this genus, coupled with an incomplete understanding of the distribution, ecology and habitat preferences of the constituent species, risks hampering the conservation of Tulista species, two of which are endangered species. The purpose of this study is therefore to address the need for a more detailed and consistent treatment of Tulista taxonomy and morphology, complemented by a study of the plants’ distribution and ecology. The work first provides a review of the relevant taxonomy and nomenclature, concluding with the presentation of the validly published names referring to Tulista. A detailed morphometric study resulted in strong support for one species, Tulista marginata (Lam.) G.D.Rowley, as well as for a grouping comprising Tulista pumila (L.) G.D.Rowley and Tulista minor (Aiton) Gideon F.Sm. & Molteno, with further moderate support for the distinction between the latter two species. The fourth out of the currently recognised species, Tulista kingiana (Poelln.) Gideon F.Sm. & Molteno, was only weakly characterised by the morphometric results, which suggested that its closest morphological affinity may be with hybrid plants that are sometimes found near T. marginata populations. The characterisation of some more controversial taxa was not supported in the results. Some changes to the circumscription of currently recognised Tulista species are also suggested by the results. In addition, field work conducted during the course of the study resulted in an expanded set of distribution data for the genus, together with certain habitat variables identified as potentially significant for the distribution and ecology of Tulista species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Convergence effects of African GDP with the rest of the world: Analysis the African continental free trade agreement
- Matonana, Phumelela Ntombiyesibini
- Authors: Matonana, Phumelela Ntombiyesibini
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gross domestic product -- Africa -- Statistics , Economic development -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50306 , vital:42102
- Description: This study is an investigation of the convergence hypothesis in African countries motivated by the increasing interest to measure disparities in the establishment of an economic union. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of convergence in Africa by looking at the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) against 6 of its top trading partner groups. This study seeks to establish whether Africa and African countries who belong to the AfCFTA catchup to the growth rates of their more developed trading partners. The data sample spans from 1971- 2018. The method of analysis employed in this study is a unit root testing procedure using the linear ADF and nonlinear KSS unit root tests, the HEGY and Canova and Hansen seasonal unit root tests, the Lee and Strazicich structural break test, and the Flexible Fourier Function (FFF) and Fractional Frequency Flexible Fourier Function (FFFFF) unit root tests to account for smooth structural breaks. This study is, as we have reviewed, the first to investigate convergence in the newly established economic union and the first employ the above-mentioned series of unit root tests. The empirical outcomes in this study point towards weak evidence of convergence between Africa and international trade groups when considering the more robust Fourier-based unit root tests. Therefore, we conclude that Africa does not necessarily exhibit catch up effects with a majority of its trading partners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Matonana, Phumelela Ntombiyesibini
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gross domestic product -- Africa -- Statistics , Economic development -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50306 , vital:42102
- Description: This study is an investigation of the convergence hypothesis in African countries motivated by the increasing interest to measure disparities in the establishment of an economic union. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of convergence in Africa by looking at the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) against 6 of its top trading partner groups. This study seeks to establish whether Africa and African countries who belong to the AfCFTA catchup to the growth rates of their more developed trading partners. The data sample spans from 1971- 2018. The method of analysis employed in this study is a unit root testing procedure using the linear ADF and nonlinear KSS unit root tests, the HEGY and Canova and Hansen seasonal unit root tests, the Lee and Strazicich structural break test, and the Flexible Fourier Function (FFF) and Fractional Frequency Flexible Fourier Function (FFFFF) unit root tests to account for smooth structural breaks. This study is, as we have reviewed, the first to investigate convergence in the newly established economic union and the first employ the above-mentioned series of unit root tests. The empirical outcomes in this study point towards weak evidence of convergence between Africa and international trade groups when considering the more robust Fourier-based unit root tests. Therefore, we conclude that Africa does not necessarily exhibit catch up effects with a majority of its trading partners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Coping and support needs of midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in the Nelson Mandela Bay health district
- Authors: Kave, Yekiswa Victoria
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Perinatal death
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46365 , vital:39573
- Description: Midwives are part of the multidisciplinary team in maternal units and have the bulk of the obstetrical and midwifery responsibilities. The responsibilities being referred to include provision of perinatal care and support to grieving women who have lost their babies at birth and to their families. The care referred to in this study is focused mainly on the grieving women and not on the midwife. By virtue of midwives being present in the event of perinatal loss or caring for a woman who experienced perinatal loss, midwives are compelled to be involved and are bound to experience deep emotions. Furthermore, there is little formal support available for midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD) and South Africa at large. The purpose of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of coping and support needs of midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD. The objectives developed for this study were: explore and describe the facilitating conditions that will enable midwives to care for women with perinatal loss in the in NMBHD; explore and describe the inhibitory conditions that prevent midwives from caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD; identify and describe support needs for midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD and develop coping and support recommendations for midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD. After permission had been granted by the Nelson Mandela university and approval from other relevant authorities had been received data collection was conducted between November 2018 and January 2019, using qualitative research design and interviews. The research population included all midwives working in Midwife Obstetric units (MOUs) and referral hospitals in NMBHD. Purposive sampling was used, and the data collection method was semi-structured and audio-taped in one-on-one interviews with midwives. Sample size was determined by data saturation. The number of participants was thirteen and two of these participants formed part of the pilot study. The collected data was analysed using the seven steps of Framework Analysis from which three themes emerged namely: Midwives rely on their own coping mechanisms vi to deal with perinatal loss; Midwives expressed how management influenced the way they coped with perinatal loss events; Midwives expressed the need for psychological and emotional support. Trustworthiness was maintained by observing Lincoln and Guba’s principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The researcher ensured that the Belmont Report ethical principles were maintained throughout the study. Three main coping and support recommendations for midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD were developed using an adapted version of the AGREE II Tool. The recommendations were: Recommendation 1: Facilitate various forms of peer assistance to prepare and support midwives caring for women with perinatal loss; Recommendation 2: Provide formal support systems in the labour unit to assist midwives to care for women with perinatal loss; and Recommendation 3: Strengthen existing EAPs and provide unit-based psychological and emotional support in order to accommodate the needs of midwives caring for women with perinatal loss.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kave, Yekiswa Victoria
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Perinatal death
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46365 , vital:39573
- Description: Midwives are part of the multidisciplinary team in maternal units and have the bulk of the obstetrical and midwifery responsibilities. The responsibilities being referred to include provision of perinatal care and support to grieving women who have lost their babies at birth and to their families. The care referred to in this study is focused mainly on the grieving women and not on the midwife. By virtue of midwives being present in the event of perinatal loss or caring for a woman who experienced perinatal loss, midwives are compelled to be involved and are bound to experience deep emotions. Furthermore, there is little formal support available for midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD) and South Africa at large. The purpose of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of coping and support needs of midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD. The objectives developed for this study were: explore and describe the facilitating conditions that will enable midwives to care for women with perinatal loss in the in NMBHD; explore and describe the inhibitory conditions that prevent midwives from caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD; identify and describe support needs for midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD and develop coping and support recommendations for midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD. After permission had been granted by the Nelson Mandela university and approval from other relevant authorities had been received data collection was conducted between November 2018 and January 2019, using qualitative research design and interviews. The research population included all midwives working in Midwife Obstetric units (MOUs) and referral hospitals in NMBHD. Purposive sampling was used, and the data collection method was semi-structured and audio-taped in one-on-one interviews with midwives. Sample size was determined by data saturation. The number of participants was thirteen and two of these participants formed part of the pilot study. The collected data was analysed using the seven steps of Framework Analysis from which three themes emerged namely: Midwives rely on their own coping mechanisms vi to deal with perinatal loss; Midwives expressed how management influenced the way they coped with perinatal loss events; Midwives expressed the need for psychological and emotional support. Trustworthiness was maintained by observing Lincoln and Guba’s principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The researcher ensured that the Belmont Report ethical principles were maintained throughout the study. Three main coping and support recommendations for midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in the NMBHD were developed using an adapted version of the AGREE II Tool. The recommendations were: Recommendation 1: Facilitate various forms of peer assistance to prepare and support midwives caring for women with perinatal loss; Recommendation 2: Provide formal support systems in the labour unit to assist midwives to care for women with perinatal loss; and Recommendation 3: Strengthen existing EAPs and provide unit-based psychological and emotional support in order to accommodate the needs of midwives caring for women with perinatal loss.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Coping mechanisms of unemployed registered counsellors in the South African context
- Authors: Mogatosi, Ntsako Emmah
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Counselors--Job stress -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46375 , vital:39585
- Description: ivABSTRACTThe Registered Counsellorcategory has been a developing profession since its inception in 2003. There havebeen few studies done on the coping mechanisms of unemployed Registered Counsellors in the South African context. This field of study is particularly important as Registered Counsellors are the primarymentalhealth care professionals;therefore,their role in psychology is of utmost importance. This study focused on exploring the coping mechanisms of unemployed Registered Counsellors. A qualitative research approach was followed in order to gaina comprehensive understanding regardingthe perceived coping strategies. A combination of purposive,non-probability and snowball sampling techniques was employedto select participants and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them to explore and describe their coping mechanisms. Lazarus and Folkman’stheorywas utilised to provide a theoretical understanding of the coping mechanisms. Unemployment is perceived to cause stress and may lead to maladaptive coping strategies. It was perceived to have an impact on the professional’s goalsand increased financial strain in their lives. However, communication, social and family support, positive attitudes, availability to opportunities and advocacy for the profession were identified as effective coping mechanisms. The majority of the participants perceived good communication about the situation and supportive relationships to be the most effective strategies to be utilised in their lives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mogatosi, Ntsako Emmah
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Counselors--Job stress -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46375 , vital:39585
- Description: ivABSTRACTThe Registered Counsellorcategory has been a developing profession since its inception in 2003. There havebeen few studies done on the coping mechanisms of unemployed Registered Counsellors in the South African context. This field of study is particularly important as Registered Counsellors are the primarymentalhealth care professionals;therefore,their role in psychology is of utmost importance. This study focused on exploring the coping mechanisms of unemployed Registered Counsellors. A qualitative research approach was followed in order to gaina comprehensive understanding regardingthe perceived coping strategies. A combination of purposive,non-probability and snowball sampling techniques was employedto select participants and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them to explore and describe their coping mechanisms. Lazarus and Folkman’stheorywas utilised to provide a theoretical understanding of the coping mechanisms. Unemployment is perceived to cause stress and may lead to maladaptive coping strategies. It was perceived to have an impact on the professional’s goalsand increased financial strain in their lives. However, communication, social and family support, positive attitudes, availability to opportunities and advocacy for the profession were identified as effective coping mechanisms. The majority of the participants perceived good communication about the situation and supportive relationships to be the most effective strategies to be utilised in their lives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Corruption elimination within the public infrastructure sector in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mvandaba, Nosicelo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Business logistics , Government purchasing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Management -- Procurement
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46794 , vital:39662
- Description: The study aimed to reveal the existence of corruption within the public sector and to propose strategies to eliminate it within the supply chain management procurement processes and infrastructure within the public sector in the Province of the Eastern Cape. The study employed a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. For the quantitative approach, a series of structured questionnaires were issued to employees within the public sector, many of whom are involved in the procurement process. The officials were asked to rate the views on the importance of the Batho Pele principles in the public sector, risks that may result to the project failure in the public infrastructure sector and the most prevalent causes of corruption For the qualitative method of the study, interviews were conducted for both civil servants and non-public servants who have been involved in procurement processes and coordinating projects. Also, the investigation units were interviewed to determine their views on corruption in the public sector. In addition, the study involved 92 officials within the Eastern Cape Province, and eight interviews were carried out. Initially, 101 public officials were to participate in the study. According to the information that was gathered qualitatively and quantitatively, the most effective methods of eradicating corruption within the procurement department of the public sector are the following: transparency in rules and policies, strengthening of internal audit, management of domestic politics, the emphasis of government focus on preventative rather than curative methods of eliminating corruption, strengthening of consequence management and introduction of anti-corruption committees. Giving monopolistic powers to one person was seen as a gateway to fraud. The research was limited to the views of the officials who are involved in procurement processes in the Province. Not only does the study uncover the possible causes of corruption and its level in the public service but offers constructive recommendations to eliminate it with the hope that economic development will be fostered and the infrastructural climate of the Eastern Cape enhanced.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mvandaba, Nosicelo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Business logistics , Government purchasing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Management -- Procurement
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46794 , vital:39662
- Description: The study aimed to reveal the existence of corruption within the public sector and to propose strategies to eliminate it within the supply chain management procurement processes and infrastructure within the public sector in the Province of the Eastern Cape. The study employed a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. For the quantitative approach, a series of structured questionnaires were issued to employees within the public sector, many of whom are involved in the procurement process. The officials were asked to rate the views on the importance of the Batho Pele principles in the public sector, risks that may result to the project failure in the public infrastructure sector and the most prevalent causes of corruption For the qualitative method of the study, interviews were conducted for both civil servants and non-public servants who have been involved in procurement processes and coordinating projects. Also, the investigation units were interviewed to determine their views on corruption in the public sector. In addition, the study involved 92 officials within the Eastern Cape Province, and eight interviews were carried out. Initially, 101 public officials were to participate in the study. According to the information that was gathered qualitatively and quantitatively, the most effective methods of eradicating corruption within the procurement department of the public sector are the following: transparency in rules and policies, strengthening of internal audit, management of domestic politics, the emphasis of government focus on preventative rather than curative methods of eliminating corruption, strengthening of consequence management and introduction of anti-corruption committees. Giving monopolistic powers to one person was seen as a gateway to fraud. The research was limited to the views of the officials who are involved in procurement processes in the Province. Not only does the study uncover the possible causes of corruption and its level in the public service but offers constructive recommendations to eliminate it with the hope that economic development will be fostered and the infrastructural climate of the Eastern Cape enhanced.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Creative production and existential thought: a feminist existential analysis of South African visual artist Berni Searle’s artwork
- Authors: Mokwena, Palesa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Women artists -- South Africa , Women artists, Black -- South Africa , Existentialism and art , Feminism and art -- South Africa , Searle, Berni
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148005 , vital:38701
- Description: Through an analysis of the work of South African artist Berni Searle, my study will investigate feminist existential ideas and concepts that have been explored by various creative producers in and outside of Europe/South Africa through different forms of creative productions and under different epistemological categories. ‘Canons’ of European existentialist/feminist thought often exclude the existence of feminist existential knowledge productions and producers outside of Europe. In conducting this study, I am responding to the past and present separatist and identitarian categorisations of creative productions from black/African creative producers, particularly women creative producers in South Africa, creating an alternative canonisation around their selected works. Although canons have been and can be used to drive separatist and identitarian categorisations, it is my hope to elucidate a discourse around the preservations and acknowledgements of South African creative and knowledge productions through a feminist existential framework that canonises important black feminist existentialist works and thereby brings to light their intellectual contributions over and above their identities. My development of a South African feminist existentialism is an attempt to graft a more intersectional, holistic framework to introduce in the feminist and existential discourses, and to proffer a new intersectional holistic paradigm of discussing categories that do not limit creative productions. To frame this research, I will reflect on the politics of historical and contemporary South African society as it is reflected in the works of the chosen creative producers and theorists and to question how we respond as creative feminist existentialists to contemporary South African struggles and how such a lens can be activated as a creative-theoretical tool of investigation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mokwena, Palesa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Women artists -- South Africa , Women artists, Black -- South Africa , Existentialism and art , Feminism and art -- South Africa , Searle, Berni
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148005 , vital:38701
- Description: Through an analysis of the work of South African artist Berni Searle, my study will investigate feminist existential ideas and concepts that have been explored by various creative producers in and outside of Europe/South Africa through different forms of creative productions and under different epistemological categories. ‘Canons’ of European existentialist/feminist thought often exclude the existence of feminist existential knowledge productions and producers outside of Europe. In conducting this study, I am responding to the past and present separatist and identitarian categorisations of creative productions from black/African creative producers, particularly women creative producers in South Africa, creating an alternative canonisation around their selected works. Although canons have been and can be used to drive separatist and identitarian categorisations, it is my hope to elucidate a discourse around the preservations and acknowledgements of South African creative and knowledge productions through a feminist existential framework that canonises important black feminist existentialist works and thereby brings to light their intellectual contributions over and above their identities. My development of a South African feminist existentialism is an attempt to graft a more intersectional, holistic framework to introduce in the feminist and existential discourses, and to proffer a new intersectional holistic paradigm of discussing categories that do not limit creative productions. To frame this research, I will reflect on the politics of historical and contemporary South African society as it is reflected in the works of the chosen creative producers and theorists and to question how we respond as creative feminist existentialists to contemporary South African struggles and how such a lens can be activated as a creative-theoretical tool of investigation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Critical success factors for sustainability governance in transport infrastructure delivery in the City of Johannesburg Metropole
- Nemutandani, Tshimangadzo Mulisa
- Authors: Nemutandani, Tshimangadzo Mulisa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Transportation -- South Africa -- Johannesburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSBE
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49540 , vital:41734
- Description: In many engineering sectors, sustainability is a matter of concern. The construction sector is no exception, this is because of its ability to cause harmful effects to the environment through waste generation, energy and water consumption and several other forms of damage to the environment. This has led to experts in the sustainability field calling for a need of sustainable ways of carrying out construction. In this study, information about the sustainability culture and perceptions that exist in Johannesburg was extracted from data gathered from questionnaires based on various types of qualifications, knowledge, and experience of respondents in transport infrastructure delivery. A transportation official understanding the need for sustainable transportation and wishing to do something about it may likely be unable to do so. This is due to the fact that authorities do not always have the mandate, responsibility, power, or support to make decisions that are consistent with sustainable development. It can be said that key issues to sustainability governance of transport infrastructure delivery are: a lack of policy; and a lack of awareness in government, private, and consulting organisations that focus on the delivery of transport infrastructure. The lack of sustainable infrastructure delivery models creates the need to determine the important factors impacting on the governance of sustainable delivery of transport infrastructure in Johannesburg. The matrix has revealed that there is a ‘Moderate’ familiarity and ‘Average’ understanding of sustainability governance as a concept. From the data collected, it is also clear that the current transport infrastructure in Johannesburg is ‘Moderately’ effective at serving its sustainability purpose. This study hopes to be the basis upon which ground-breaking methods to encourage sustainability governance strategies for transport infrastructure projects and further studies are predicated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Nemutandani, Tshimangadzo Mulisa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Transportation -- South Africa -- Johannesburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSBE
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49540 , vital:41734
- Description: In many engineering sectors, sustainability is a matter of concern. The construction sector is no exception, this is because of its ability to cause harmful effects to the environment through waste generation, energy and water consumption and several other forms of damage to the environment. This has led to experts in the sustainability field calling for a need of sustainable ways of carrying out construction. In this study, information about the sustainability culture and perceptions that exist in Johannesburg was extracted from data gathered from questionnaires based on various types of qualifications, knowledge, and experience of respondents in transport infrastructure delivery. A transportation official understanding the need for sustainable transportation and wishing to do something about it may likely be unable to do so. This is due to the fact that authorities do not always have the mandate, responsibility, power, or support to make decisions that are consistent with sustainable development. It can be said that key issues to sustainability governance of transport infrastructure delivery are: a lack of policy; and a lack of awareness in government, private, and consulting organisations that focus on the delivery of transport infrastructure. The lack of sustainable infrastructure delivery models creates the need to determine the important factors impacting on the governance of sustainable delivery of transport infrastructure in Johannesburg. The matrix has revealed that there is a ‘Moderate’ familiarity and ‘Average’ understanding of sustainability governance as a concept. From the data collected, it is also clear that the current transport infrastructure in Johannesburg is ‘Moderately’ effective at serving its sustainability purpose. This study hopes to be the basis upon which ground-breaking methods to encourage sustainability governance strategies for transport infrastructure projects and further studies are predicated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Critical success factors in implementing projects on restituted land parcels in South Africa
- Authors: Whiting, Christoper Whiting
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Community development -- Management -- South Africa , Community development -- Management -- South Africa -- Case studies , Economic development projects -- Management -- South Africa , Economic development projects -- Management -- South Africa -- Case studies , Land reform -- South Africa -- Economic aspects , Land reform beneficiaries -- South Africa -- Case studies , Restitution -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167697 , vital:41504
- Description: Currently there is a perception in South Africa that projects undertaken on parcels of restituted land are experiencing a much higher failure than success rate. There are, however, a few projects that are reaping the rewards and uplifting their communities, as intended by the land redistribution program. One community in particular, located in Mpumalanga, called community A, is presently undertaking a development project. This development project is one of the most successful restituted land parcel projects ever in South Africa. The purpose of the study is to determine the critical success factors in this community development project that have allowed it to enjoy such high levels of success. Are these critical success factors different from the generic industry critical success factors and, if so, what are they? As informed through literature, the critical success factors focused on in this study are as follows: the influence of management, project communication, knowledge management, the role of senior management, business strategy, project success measurements, and training and development. For the empirical study, a physical questionnaire was handed to 35 management members currently employed in the community development project. The questionnaire requested the demographics of all participants and asked them to rate, using a five-point Likert scale, their perceptions of the present project activities and of the importance of the project activities mentioned in making the project successful. Participants had to indicate the extent to which they agreed with each statement in the questionnaire. The responses obtained from the survey were presented and analysed. The study found that the critical success factor “role of senior management” was the largest problem area in the restituted land development project. “Training and development opportunities” came in second, with both factor areas showing large variances. Recommendations have been given on how to address both these problematic areas in the development project and how future restituted land parcel projects can better utilize these factors to ensure successful project implementation and long-term project success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Whiting, Christoper Whiting
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Community development -- Management -- South Africa , Community development -- Management -- South Africa -- Case studies , Economic development projects -- Management -- South Africa , Economic development projects -- Management -- South Africa -- Case studies , Land reform -- South Africa -- Economic aspects , Land reform beneficiaries -- South Africa -- Case studies , Restitution -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167697 , vital:41504
- Description: Currently there is a perception in South Africa that projects undertaken on parcels of restituted land are experiencing a much higher failure than success rate. There are, however, a few projects that are reaping the rewards and uplifting their communities, as intended by the land redistribution program. One community in particular, located in Mpumalanga, called community A, is presently undertaking a development project. This development project is one of the most successful restituted land parcel projects ever in South Africa. The purpose of the study is to determine the critical success factors in this community development project that have allowed it to enjoy such high levels of success. Are these critical success factors different from the generic industry critical success factors and, if so, what are they? As informed through literature, the critical success factors focused on in this study are as follows: the influence of management, project communication, knowledge management, the role of senior management, business strategy, project success measurements, and training and development. For the empirical study, a physical questionnaire was handed to 35 management members currently employed in the community development project. The questionnaire requested the demographics of all participants and asked them to rate, using a five-point Likert scale, their perceptions of the present project activities and of the importance of the project activities mentioned in making the project successful. Participants had to indicate the extent to which they agreed with each statement in the questionnaire. The responses obtained from the survey were presented and analysed. The study found that the critical success factor “role of senior management” was the largest problem area in the restituted land development project. “Training and development opportunities” came in second, with both factor areas showing large variances. Recommendations have been given on how to address both these problematic areas in the development project and how future restituted land parcel projects can better utilize these factors to ensure successful project implementation and long-term project success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Critical Success Factors to Motivate Citizens to Participate in a Public Safety Smart City Project
- Authors: Tuswa, Mbali
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Information technology -- Security measures City planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Information Systems)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18974 , vital:43004
- Description: Currently more people reside in urban areas than previously. The population shift from rural to urban results in increased problems with Public Safety. Public Safety initiatives were introduced to address such issues and help reduce the increasing number of urban problems. It is the citizen's responsibility to report the Public Safety issues they observe or experience for authorities to respond quickly in emergency situations, thus maintaining a safer living environment for all citizens. A Public Safety Smart City Project was introduced in the city of East London, South Africa to help improve Public Safety in the city. However, for this to be successful citizens need to contribute by reporting Public Safety issues and suspicious activities. This study is therefore focused on motivational factors to improve citizen participation in a Public Safety Smart City Project. The Design Science Methodology and a mixed method approach guided this research study. Keller’s (2010) Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS) Theory of Motivation provided the theoretical base for this study. A questionnaire was used to gather data on the motivational factors for participation in a Public Safety Smart City Project. Five Critical Success Factors were developed to motivate citizens to participate in a Public Safety Smart City Project. These Critical Success Factors are: Ensure user satisfaction by providing a toll-free number, Citizens should be able to participate due to their concerns of safety for others, Citizens should be given the opportunity to make a difference in their community, Public Safety initiatives must provide adequate response to citizens and Citizens should be given incentives after participating. The Critical Success Factors were refined and verified through two rounds of expert review. Five factors were identified in the findings as factors that contribute towards motivating citizens participate. These factors include User Satisfaction, Making a difference, Response from Public Safety initiatives, Concern of safety for others and Incentives. The factors were included on the Critical Success Factors
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Tuswa, Mbali
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Information technology -- Security measures City planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Information Systems)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18974 , vital:43004
- Description: Currently more people reside in urban areas than previously. The population shift from rural to urban results in increased problems with Public Safety. Public Safety initiatives were introduced to address such issues and help reduce the increasing number of urban problems. It is the citizen's responsibility to report the Public Safety issues they observe or experience for authorities to respond quickly in emergency situations, thus maintaining a safer living environment for all citizens. A Public Safety Smart City Project was introduced in the city of East London, South Africa to help improve Public Safety in the city. However, for this to be successful citizens need to contribute by reporting Public Safety issues and suspicious activities. This study is therefore focused on motivational factors to improve citizen participation in a Public Safety Smart City Project. The Design Science Methodology and a mixed method approach guided this research study. Keller’s (2010) Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS) Theory of Motivation provided the theoretical base for this study. A questionnaire was used to gather data on the motivational factors for participation in a Public Safety Smart City Project. Five Critical Success Factors were developed to motivate citizens to participate in a Public Safety Smart City Project. These Critical Success Factors are: Ensure user satisfaction by providing a toll-free number, Citizens should be able to participate due to their concerns of safety for others, Citizens should be given the opportunity to make a difference in their community, Public Safety initiatives must provide adequate response to citizens and Citizens should be given incentives after participating. The Critical Success Factors were refined and verified through two rounds of expert review. Five factors were identified in the findings as factors that contribute towards motivating citizens participate. These factors include User Satisfaction, Making a difference, Response from Public Safety initiatives, Concern of safety for others and Incentives. The factors were included on the Critical Success Factors
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Crossing shades
- Authors: Singh, Shareen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145049 , vital:38404
- Description: This collection of stories draw on culture, history, memory, musings and imagination. The stories are set primarily in South Africa but includes travels to other countries. I explore journeys to different worlds and minds. I challenge the reader to see how place and time influence our ways of seeing, living and evolving. I use different forms and tones that resonate with the subjective nature of each creative piece. My writing includes formal prose as well as works that experiment with fragments, vignettes and flash fiction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Singh, Shareen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145049 , vital:38404
- Description: This collection of stories draw on culture, history, memory, musings and imagination. The stories are set primarily in South Africa but includes travels to other countries. I explore journeys to different worlds and minds. I challenge the reader to see how place and time influence our ways of seeing, living and evolving. I use different forms and tones that resonate with the subjective nature of each creative piece. My writing includes formal prose as well as works that experiment with fragments, vignettes and flash fiction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Cryptocurrencies in the future of money and monetary policy
- Authors: Brown, Henry Brandon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cryptocurrencies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47495 , vital:40122
- Description: The idiosyncratic allure of cryptocurrencies, in particular Bitcoin, has attracted widespread, if reticent, attention in the financial markets. Since Bitcoin’s introduction in 2008 there has been a growing interest in digital assets possibly supplanting traditional payment methods. Two conceptual questions raised regarding cryptocurrencies are firstly, whether cryptocurrencies meet the traditional functions of money; secondly, what is the future of cryptocurrencies? This dissertation seeks to examine the future of cryptocurrency by reference to money and monetary policy. The further question, whether cryptocurrencies meet the traditional functions of money, is tested via a combination of theoretical and empirical analysis. The study explores both statistical and empirical models, in illustrative comparative detail, provided by analysis which included ADF and KPSS test models, alongside an ARMA(p,q)-GARCH(1,1) model. Cryptocurrencies present both significant benefits, alongside immense shortcomings. They provide the novel ability to conduct anonymous international transactions on a decentralised platform with lower transaction fees. However, the very nature of that anonymity could provide their downfall as much as they open a market for illicit activities. In addition, cryptocurrency’s significant energy consumption through the mining of cryptocurrencies is of concern to environmentalists. The empirical section of the dissertation consists of a comparative analysis between Bitcoin/USD time series to the Rand/USD time series, with specific attention devoted to the level of volatility of each time series. This was important in determining whether cryptocurrencies fulfil the store of value function of money. The dissertation concluded that Bitcoin/USD time series exhibited identifiable adverse characteristics of autocorrelation and ARCH effects, thus suggesting that Bitcoin/USD is strongly associated with volatility. The Rand/USD signified the same effects although of significantly lesser order than that of Bitcoin/USD. Consequently, cryptocurrencies are seen to act more as an asset than a currency. Nonetheless, cryptocurrencies seem likely to grow as a medium of exchange as more and more businesses gain knowledge of the innovation and seek to adopt innovative ways to become more efficient and follow technology trends. Currently, fiat currencies remain superior in the financial market, simply because cryptocurrencies are perceived not to fulfil the traditional functions of money. However in the future, the market share of cryptocurrencies is likely to increase, and so the future of the financial markets will surely include a coexistence of both fiat and cryptocurrencies, as people’s preferences determine where they feel safe to hold their money.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Brown, Henry Brandon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cryptocurrencies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47495 , vital:40122
- Description: The idiosyncratic allure of cryptocurrencies, in particular Bitcoin, has attracted widespread, if reticent, attention in the financial markets. Since Bitcoin’s introduction in 2008 there has been a growing interest in digital assets possibly supplanting traditional payment methods. Two conceptual questions raised regarding cryptocurrencies are firstly, whether cryptocurrencies meet the traditional functions of money; secondly, what is the future of cryptocurrencies? This dissertation seeks to examine the future of cryptocurrency by reference to money and monetary policy. The further question, whether cryptocurrencies meet the traditional functions of money, is tested via a combination of theoretical and empirical analysis. The study explores both statistical and empirical models, in illustrative comparative detail, provided by analysis which included ADF and KPSS test models, alongside an ARMA(p,q)-GARCH(1,1) model. Cryptocurrencies present both significant benefits, alongside immense shortcomings. They provide the novel ability to conduct anonymous international transactions on a decentralised platform with lower transaction fees. However, the very nature of that anonymity could provide their downfall as much as they open a market for illicit activities. In addition, cryptocurrency’s significant energy consumption through the mining of cryptocurrencies is of concern to environmentalists. The empirical section of the dissertation consists of a comparative analysis between Bitcoin/USD time series to the Rand/USD time series, with specific attention devoted to the level of volatility of each time series. This was important in determining whether cryptocurrencies fulfil the store of value function of money. The dissertation concluded that Bitcoin/USD time series exhibited identifiable adverse characteristics of autocorrelation and ARCH effects, thus suggesting that Bitcoin/USD is strongly associated with volatility. The Rand/USD signified the same effects although of significantly lesser order than that of Bitcoin/USD. Consequently, cryptocurrencies are seen to act more as an asset than a currency. Nonetheless, cryptocurrencies seem likely to grow as a medium of exchange as more and more businesses gain knowledge of the innovation and seek to adopt innovative ways to become more efficient and follow technology trends. Currently, fiat currencies remain superior in the financial market, simply because cryptocurrencies are perceived not to fulfil the traditional functions of money. However in the future, the market share of cryptocurrencies is likely to increase, and so the future of the financial markets will surely include a coexistence of both fiat and cryptocurrencies, as people’s preferences determine where they feel safe to hold their money.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Cultural position and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder
- Authors: Dorfling, Inge-Louise
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46371 , vital:39564
- Description: Trauma exposure and PTSD are widespread health concerns in South Africa. This country is also extremely culturally diverse. The effects of cultural position on PTSD development are unknown. The objective was to explore these possibilities in detail. Individuals eighteen years or older with a stable pre-existing PTSD diagnosis participated in semi-structured voice recorded interviews. Both participants displayed clear conscious changes in cultural position following trauma exposure, some of which are believed to be due to a failure of support and acknowledgement from their collective. This would have contributed to PTSD development. Main themes identified were reactions of others and a paradigm shift. Further, more detailed research is required in this field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Dorfling, Inge-Louise
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46371 , vital:39564
- Description: Trauma exposure and PTSD are widespread health concerns in South Africa. This country is also extremely culturally diverse. The effects of cultural position on PTSD development are unknown. The objective was to explore these possibilities in detail. Individuals eighteen years or older with a stable pre-existing PTSD diagnosis participated in semi-structured voice recorded interviews. Both participants displayed clear conscious changes in cultural position following trauma exposure, some of which are believed to be due to a failure of support and acknowledgement from their collective. This would have contributed to PTSD development. Main themes identified were reactions of others and a paradigm shift. Further, more detailed research is required in this field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Customer loyalty programmes in the South African banking sector
- Authors: Mashau, Mulanga Lawrence
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- South Africa , Customer loyalty programs -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48883 , vital:41167
- Description: This treatise explores factors that drive customer participation in banking loyalty programmes in South Africa. The literature review conducted revealed research is required in this area. The lack of research in this field led to the formulation of the problem statement for the study, which focuses on critical factors that drive customer participation in banking loyalty programmes in South Africa. There have been numerous studies conducted on customer loyalty as a concept. There is, however, a lack of studies on customer loyalty in banking loyalty programmes. The literature review explored definitions of customer loyalty, how they pertain to loyalty programmes, with attitudes and behaviours identified as customer loyalty intermediate factors. This study has approached the assessment of customer loyalty in the banking loyalty programmes by exploring the factors that influence or drive customer participation in loyalty programmes in South Africa. The study was conducted using exploratory factor analysis of loyalty programme measurement items that evaluated attitudes and behaviours related to customer loyalty. The factor analysis was undertaken using data gathered from a self-administered online questionnaire. This treatise is part of a bigger study of loyalty programmes and customer loyalty in different sectors. The sample for this study was randomly selected using snowball and convenience sampling. A sample size of n=613 was used in this study. As part of the data analysis, descriptive statistics were used to compress and organise the sample data. Inferential statistics were used to project the findings of the sample data to the full population. The study concluded that flexibility in the context of rewards not expiring was the most important factor that consumers considered when deciding to participate in a banking loyalty programme. This was followed by reward type. The study revealed that banking loyalty programme customers prefer monetary rewards over all reward types for participation in banking loyalty programmes and thus reward type is deemed as a critical factor in customers’ decisions to participate in banking loyalty programmes. The study also found that banking loyalty programme customers do not perceive reward programme communication methods as an important factor influencing their decision to participate in a banking loyalty programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mashau, Mulanga Lawrence
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- South Africa , Customer loyalty programs -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48883 , vital:41167
- Description: This treatise explores factors that drive customer participation in banking loyalty programmes in South Africa. The literature review conducted revealed research is required in this area. The lack of research in this field led to the formulation of the problem statement for the study, which focuses on critical factors that drive customer participation in banking loyalty programmes in South Africa. There have been numerous studies conducted on customer loyalty as a concept. There is, however, a lack of studies on customer loyalty in banking loyalty programmes. The literature review explored definitions of customer loyalty, how they pertain to loyalty programmes, with attitudes and behaviours identified as customer loyalty intermediate factors. This study has approached the assessment of customer loyalty in the banking loyalty programmes by exploring the factors that influence or drive customer participation in loyalty programmes in South Africa. The study was conducted using exploratory factor analysis of loyalty programme measurement items that evaluated attitudes and behaviours related to customer loyalty. The factor analysis was undertaken using data gathered from a self-administered online questionnaire. This treatise is part of a bigger study of loyalty programmes and customer loyalty in different sectors. The sample for this study was randomly selected using snowball and convenience sampling. A sample size of n=613 was used in this study. As part of the data analysis, descriptive statistics were used to compress and organise the sample data. Inferential statistics were used to project the findings of the sample data to the full population. The study concluded that flexibility in the context of rewards not expiring was the most important factor that consumers considered when deciding to participate in a banking loyalty programme. This was followed by reward type. The study revealed that banking loyalty programme customers prefer monetary rewards over all reward types for participation in banking loyalty programmes and thus reward type is deemed as a critical factor in customers’ decisions to participate in banking loyalty programmes. The study also found that banking loyalty programme customers do not perceive reward programme communication methods as an important factor influencing their decision to participate in a banking loyalty programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Customer’s perception of e-banking services of South African banks: An analysis of selected South African banks in Gauteng
- Authors: Kgosieng, Kamogelo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South Africa -- Banking institutions , Electronic funds transfer
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49862 , vital:41810
- Description: The South African banking industry has changed from the traditional brick and mortar banks to online banking. The primary objective of the study examines the customers’ perception of the banks’ e-banking services. This study focuses on Gauteng banking customers who bank with the top five banks, namely: FNB, Standard Bank, ABSA, Nedbank and Capitec, and the digital banking platforms offered by the respective banks. A conceptual model based on the SERVQUAL model, including demographic factors and independent variables such as convenience, risk management, customer awareness, reliability and information search, was derived to assist in measuring the relationship of these factors with the overall perception of digitisation in banking. The Statistica package was used to analyse the items and obtain the results of the study. The results revealed that significant relationships exist between all the variables and the perception of e-banking services, with convenience showing up as the highest contributor to customers’ perception of e-banking service channels, followed by reliability. The results of the study indicate that banks should place priority on ensuring the convenient use of their e-banking systems as well ensuring that the systems are reliable and deliver what is expected by the customer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kgosieng, Kamogelo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South Africa -- Banking institutions , Electronic funds transfer
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49862 , vital:41810
- Description: The South African banking industry has changed from the traditional brick and mortar banks to online banking. The primary objective of the study examines the customers’ perception of the banks’ e-banking services. This study focuses on Gauteng banking customers who bank with the top five banks, namely: FNB, Standard Bank, ABSA, Nedbank and Capitec, and the digital banking platforms offered by the respective banks. A conceptual model based on the SERVQUAL model, including demographic factors and independent variables such as convenience, risk management, customer awareness, reliability and information search, was derived to assist in measuring the relationship of these factors with the overall perception of digitisation in banking. The Statistica package was used to analyse the items and obtain the results of the study. The results revealed that significant relationships exist between all the variables and the perception of e-banking services, with convenience showing up as the highest contributor to customers’ perception of e-banking service channels, followed by reliability. The results of the study indicate that banks should place priority on ensuring the convenient use of their e-banking systems as well ensuring that the systems are reliable and deliver what is expected by the customer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Cyclooxygenase-1 as an anti-stroke target: potential inhibitor identification and non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism analysis
- Authors: Muronzi, Tendai
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cerebrovascular disease , Cerebrovascular disease -- Treatment , Cerebrovascular disease -- Chemotherapy , Cyclooxygenases , High throughput screening (Drug development) , Drug development , Molecular dynamics , South African Natural Compounds Database , ZINC database
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143404 , vital:38243
- Description: Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide, with 87% of cases being ischemic stroke. The two primary therapeutic strategies to reduce post-ischemic brain damage are cellular and vascular approaches. The vascular strategy aims to rapidly re-open obstructed blood vessels, while the cellular approach aims to interfere with the signalling pathways that facilitate neuron damage and death. Unfortunately, popular vascular treatments have adverse side effects, necessitating the need for alternative chemotherapeutics. In this study, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), which plays a significant role in the post- ischemic neuroinflammation and neuronal death, was targeted for identification of novel drug compounds and to assess the effect of nsSNPs on its structure and function. In a drug discovery part, ligands from the South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB-https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za/) and ZINC database (http://zinc15.docking.org/) were used for high-throughput virtual screening (HVTS) against COX-1. Additionally, five nsSNPs were being investigated to assess their impact on protein structure and function. Three of these SNPs were in the COX-1 dimer interface. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed asymmetric nature of the protein. Several ligands, peculiar to each monomer, exhibited favourable binding energies in the respective active sites. SNP analysis indicated effects on inter-monomer interactions and protein stability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Muronzi, Tendai
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Cerebrovascular disease , Cerebrovascular disease -- Treatment , Cerebrovascular disease -- Chemotherapy , Cyclooxygenases , High throughput screening (Drug development) , Drug development , Molecular dynamics , South African Natural Compounds Database , ZINC database
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143404 , vital:38243
- Description: Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide, with 87% of cases being ischemic stroke. The two primary therapeutic strategies to reduce post-ischemic brain damage are cellular and vascular approaches. The vascular strategy aims to rapidly re-open obstructed blood vessels, while the cellular approach aims to interfere with the signalling pathways that facilitate neuron damage and death. Unfortunately, popular vascular treatments have adverse side effects, necessitating the need for alternative chemotherapeutics. In this study, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), which plays a significant role in the post- ischemic neuroinflammation and neuronal death, was targeted for identification of novel drug compounds and to assess the effect of nsSNPs on its structure and function. In a drug discovery part, ligands from the South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB-https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za/) and ZINC database (http://zinc15.docking.org/) were used for high-throughput virtual screening (HVTS) against COX-1. Additionally, five nsSNPs were being investigated to assess their impact on protein structure and function. Three of these SNPs were in the COX-1 dimer interface. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed asymmetric nature of the protein. Several ligands, peculiar to each monomer, exhibited favourable binding energies in the respective active sites. SNP analysis indicated effects on inter-monomer interactions and protein stability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Decent work and informal employment: the case of Bulawayo Metropolitan Province (Central Business District) Zimbabwe
- Authors: Bob, Shaka Keny
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Labor -- Zimbabwe , Informal sector (Economics) -- Zimbabwe , Job creation -- Zimbabwe , Poor -- Zimbabwe -- Employment , Labor policy -- Zimbabwe , Football coaches -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/115241 , vital:34104
- Description: Zimbabwe, similar to other developing countries experiences a high level of informal employment. However, most informal jobs are situated in very poor working conditions and are characterised by decent work deficits. Despite the fact that various studies have shown the importance of the informal economy in that it provides livelihood earning opportunities for the majority of people in the Global South, it has remained a largely forgotten sector in policy making in most countries. It is, therefore, important that informal work be taken seriously and efforts must be made to improve working conditions for the urban working poor in the developing world. The purpose of this study is to investigate on the self-reported experiences of informal workers to understand their perspectives surrounding the concept of decent work in the Zimbabwean context. The case study is the Bulawayo metropolitan province, and this study targeted informal workers who trade within the central business district. The study also aimed to measure the decent work deficit scores between two economic sectors (food and clothing traders). This was done by testing the suitability of the Edward Webster Decent Work Deficit Index as a methodology of measuring decent work at a micro level. The analysis is based on a mixed methods study which was carried out through the use of a semi-structured survey. The study revealed that decent work for the sampled informal workers meant work related improvements, insurances and risk management, right of expression and business advancement skills which closely resembles the International Labour Organisation's conceptualisation of decent work. The study also highlighted that childcare assistance and disability insurance are concepts which remained excluded in the current conceptualisation of decent work. The thesis offers a new policy angle which shows that to promote decent work the concept of heterogeneity must be adopted because inequalities persist within the informal economy. The study also suggested that the Edward Webster Decent Work Deficit Index can be used as an appropriate methodology of monitoring the progress towards achieving decent work at the micro level i.e. industry or individual level. This is because since the formation of the decent work concept; the International Labour Organisation has only provided a methodology of how to measure the progress of decent work at the county level. The survey findings revealed that food vendors scored more poorly on the decent work deficit index compared to the clothing traders. The study also identified that food vendors and clothing traders are faced with different challenges which suggests that policy makers must take that into consideration when attempting to design policies or programmes which are aimed at assisting informal workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Bob, Shaka Keny
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Labor -- Zimbabwe , Informal sector (Economics) -- Zimbabwe , Job creation -- Zimbabwe , Poor -- Zimbabwe -- Employment , Labor policy -- Zimbabwe , Football coaches -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/115241 , vital:34104
- Description: Zimbabwe, similar to other developing countries experiences a high level of informal employment. However, most informal jobs are situated in very poor working conditions and are characterised by decent work deficits. Despite the fact that various studies have shown the importance of the informal economy in that it provides livelihood earning opportunities for the majority of people in the Global South, it has remained a largely forgotten sector in policy making in most countries. It is, therefore, important that informal work be taken seriously and efforts must be made to improve working conditions for the urban working poor in the developing world. The purpose of this study is to investigate on the self-reported experiences of informal workers to understand their perspectives surrounding the concept of decent work in the Zimbabwean context. The case study is the Bulawayo metropolitan province, and this study targeted informal workers who trade within the central business district. The study also aimed to measure the decent work deficit scores between two economic sectors (food and clothing traders). This was done by testing the suitability of the Edward Webster Decent Work Deficit Index as a methodology of measuring decent work at a micro level. The analysis is based on a mixed methods study which was carried out through the use of a semi-structured survey. The study revealed that decent work for the sampled informal workers meant work related improvements, insurances and risk management, right of expression and business advancement skills which closely resembles the International Labour Organisation's conceptualisation of decent work. The study also highlighted that childcare assistance and disability insurance are concepts which remained excluded in the current conceptualisation of decent work. The thesis offers a new policy angle which shows that to promote decent work the concept of heterogeneity must be adopted because inequalities persist within the informal economy. The study also suggested that the Edward Webster Decent Work Deficit Index can be used as an appropriate methodology of monitoring the progress towards achieving decent work at the micro level i.e. industry or individual level. This is because since the formation of the decent work concept; the International Labour Organisation has only provided a methodology of how to measure the progress of decent work at the county level. The survey findings revealed that food vendors scored more poorly on the decent work deficit index compared to the clothing traders. The study also identified that food vendors and clothing traders are faced with different challenges which suggests that policy makers must take that into consideration when attempting to design policies or programmes which are aimed at assisting informal workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020