Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles on Cryptococcus species
- Authors: Roman, Nasstasja
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Cryptococcus
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52089 , vital:43445
- Description: Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for cryptococcal infections, which have become a great concern particularly in immunocompromised patients. This pulmonary disease causes damage to lung tissue and is presumed to be responsible for approximately 650,000 deaths annually. There is a major need for novel antimicrobial agents to avoid the emergence of resistant strains due to extended use of known antifungal drugs. Silver has become an important antimicrobial agent used in medical devices, cosmetics and even house-hold or clothing products. It is highly toxic and has a reduced risk of resistance. Silver nanoparticles have been broadly explored as an antimicrobial agent due to its high reactivity, large surface area and small size. They have been reported to display antimicrobial activity towards bacteria, viruses and fungi. C. neoformans is a pathogenic microorganism that possesses a number of virulence factors which increases the infectivity of the microorganism in immunocompromised individuals. Some of these include the presence of a polysaccharide capsule, melanin, urease and phospholipase production. Owing to limited availability of antifungal drugs and the possibility of drug resistance, this study focused on an alternative antimicrobial agent, namely silver nanoparticles, and the effects that silver nanoparticles had on fungal β-glucan, chitin and urease, phospholipase and melanin virulence factors. Results from our study show that silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of C. neoformans at concentrations between 3.125 ƒM and 25 ƒM. Both 26.4 nm and 28.4 nm nanoparticles displayed growth inhibition, but were unable to kill the organism at concentrations of 200 ƒM and above. The silver nanoparticles caused a reduction in βglucan content. There was also an accumulation of intracellular ROS, and phospholipase activity, was reduced. In contrast, the organism displayed an increase in chitin content, melanin and urease activity upon exposure to the nanoparticles. This study shows that chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are an effective antifungal alternative that greatly reduces or inhibits C. neoformans growth at very low concentrations (ƒM). For future studies it may be feasible to investigate the use of these nanoparticles in combination with known antifungal agents, to prevent the emergence of resistance and inhibit possible defense mechanisms displayed by the organism. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Roman, Nasstasja
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Cryptococcus
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52089 , vital:43445
- Description: Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for cryptococcal infections, which have become a great concern particularly in immunocompromised patients. This pulmonary disease causes damage to lung tissue and is presumed to be responsible for approximately 650,000 deaths annually. There is a major need for novel antimicrobial agents to avoid the emergence of resistant strains due to extended use of known antifungal drugs. Silver has become an important antimicrobial agent used in medical devices, cosmetics and even house-hold or clothing products. It is highly toxic and has a reduced risk of resistance. Silver nanoparticles have been broadly explored as an antimicrobial agent due to its high reactivity, large surface area and small size. They have been reported to display antimicrobial activity towards bacteria, viruses and fungi. C. neoformans is a pathogenic microorganism that possesses a number of virulence factors which increases the infectivity of the microorganism in immunocompromised individuals. Some of these include the presence of a polysaccharide capsule, melanin, urease and phospholipase production. Owing to limited availability of antifungal drugs and the possibility of drug resistance, this study focused on an alternative antimicrobial agent, namely silver nanoparticles, and the effects that silver nanoparticles had on fungal β-glucan, chitin and urease, phospholipase and melanin virulence factors. Results from our study show that silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of C. neoformans at concentrations between 3.125 ƒM and 25 ƒM. Both 26.4 nm and 28.4 nm nanoparticles displayed growth inhibition, but were unable to kill the organism at concentrations of 200 ƒM and above. The silver nanoparticles caused a reduction in βglucan content. There was also an accumulation of intracellular ROS, and phospholipase activity, was reduced. In contrast, the organism displayed an increase in chitin content, melanin and urease activity upon exposure to the nanoparticles. This study shows that chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are an effective antifungal alternative that greatly reduces or inhibits C. neoformans growth at very low concentrations (ƒM). For future studies it may be feasible to investigate the use of these nanoparticles in combination with known antifungal agents, to prevent the emergence of resistance and inhibit possible defense mechanisms displayed by the organism. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Antiproliferative activity of novel rhenium complexes and medicinal plant extracts
- Oosthuizen, Kenneth Thomas, Venables, Luanne
- Authors: Oosthuizen, Kenneth Thomas , Venables, Luanne
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Medicinal plants -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52028 , vital:43441
- Description: Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease that affects millions of individuals every year. The adverse side effects and escalating costs of current therapies coupled with the increased incidence of resistance to these therapies make it imperative that we explore novel treatments for the disease. This study investigated two avenues for novel drug design namely, novel synthetic compounds and medicinal plant extracts. The benzimidazole ring system has shown potential as a scaffold for designing novel anticancer agents. Conjugation of the metal rhenium to novel variants of this ring system open up the possibility of designing novel drugs that serve both a diagnostic and a therapeutic function. This study investigated the in vitro anticancer potential of ten such complexes against selected breast and cervical cancer cell lines. The selectivity of the complexes for cancer cells over normal cells was also investigated while the mechanism of action of effective complexes was determined by exploring cell cycle arrest, biochemical markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane disruption. All ten complexes were screened against MCF7 breast and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines with four showing antiproliferative activity against both cancer cell lines and one showing cell line specific toxicity against MCF7 breast cancer cells. When looking at the SAR of the compounds it was noted that activity was higher in compounds which contain two potentially bidentate benzothiazole ligands, while compounds with potentially tridentate ligands show good activity, but only if the benzothiazole moiety is not involved in coordination. The complexes showed greater antiproliferative activity against the MCF7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.2 to 7.0 µM versus a range of 7.6 to 24.4 µM being obtained on the HeLa cervical cancer cells. Antiproliferative complexes were tested against confluent and log phase Vero cells at their respective IC50 values to determine their effect on “normal” cells. Confluent Vero cells showed less cell death than those in log phase indicating that the complexes show preference for proliferating cells. The mechanism of action of the complexes was studied on both cancer cell lines via cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays investigating phosphatidylserine translocation, caspase -3 and -8 activation and mitochondrial membrane potential with most complexes inducing cell cycle arrest followed by cell death via both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Since 1940, 49% of all the available anticancer drugs approved for cancer treatment were natural products or directly derived from natural products. Plants are an excellent source of secondary metabolites, many of which are unique chemical compounds that cannot be synthesized in a laboratory. Ethnobotanical surveys conducted in conjunction with Traditional Health Practitioners of the Mkuranga and Same districts in Tanzania identified 25 plants that are used for the treatment of cancer. Four of these plants (A. mossambicensis, C. adenocaule, C. pseudopulchelusis and R. natalensis) with ethnobotanically reported anticancer usage showed cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp and were selected for further in vitro anticancer studies. All four plants were found to have antiproliferative activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.4 to 50.8 µg/mL. This study was also tasked with investigating the mechanism of action of C. pseudopulchelus on HeLa cervical cancer cells by exploring cell cycle arrest, biochemical markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane x disruption. C. pseudopulchelus caused early M phase arrest followed by slippage and subsequent cell death via the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. In conclusion, this study showed that both novel complexes as well as medicinal plant extracts represent an interesting avenue for the development of novel anticancer drugs that are cheaper and produce less side effects than current therapies. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Oosthuizen, Kenneth Thomas , Venables, Luanne
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Medicinal plants -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52028 , vital:43441
- Description: Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease that affects millions of individuals every year. The adverse side effects and escalating costs of current therapies coupled with the increased incidence of resistance to these therapies make it imperative that we explore novel treatments for the disease. This study investigated two avenues for novel drug design namely, novel synthetic compounds and medicinal plant extracts. The benzimidazole ring system has shown potential as a scaffold for designing novel anticancer agents. Conjugation of the metal rhenium to novel variants of this ring system open up the possibility of designing novel drugs that serve both a diagnostic and a therapeutic function. This study investigated the in vitro anticancer potential of ten such complexes against selected breast and cervical cancer cell lines. The selectivity of the complexes for cancer cells over normal cells was also investigated while the mechanism of action of effective complexes was determined by exploring cell cycle arrest, biochemical markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane disruption. All ten complexes were screened against MCF7 breast and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines with four showing antiproliferative activity against both cancer cell lines and one showing cell line specific toxicity against MCF7 breast cancer cells. When looking at the SAR of the compounds it was noted that activity was higher in compounds which contain two potentially bidentate benzothiazole ligands, while compounds with potentially tridentate ligands show good activity, but only if the benzothiazole moiety is not involved in coordination. The complexes showed greater antiproliferative activity against the MCF7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.2 to 7.0 µM versus a range of 7.6 to 24.4 µM being obtained on the HeLa cervical cancer cells. Antiproliferative complexes were tested against confluent and log phase Vero cells at their respective IC50 values to determine their effect on “normal” cells. Confluent Vero cells showed less cell death than those in log phase indicating that the complexes show preference for proliferating cells. The mechanism of action of the complexes was studied on both cancer cell lines via cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays investigating phosphatidylserine translocation, caspase -3 and -8 activation and mitochondrial membrane potential with most complexes inducing cell cycle arrest followed by cell death via both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Since 1940, 49% of all the available anticancer drugs approved for cancer treatment were natural products or directly derived from natural products. Plants are an excellent source of secondary metabolites, many of which are unique chemical compounds that cannot be synthesized in a laboratory. Ethnobotanical surveys conducted in conjunction with Traditional Health Practitioners of the Mkuranga and Same districts in Tanzania identified 25 plants that are used for the treatment of cancer. Four of these plants (A. mossambicensis, C. adenocaule, C. pseudopulchelusis and R. natalensis) with ethnobotanically reported anticancer usage showed cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp and were selected for further in vitro anticancer studies. All four plants were found to have antiproliferative activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.4 to 50.8 µg/mL. This study was also tasked with investigating the mechanism of action of C. pseudopulchelus on HeLa cervical cancer cells by exploring cell cycle arrest, biochemical markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane x disruption. C. pseudopulchelus caused early M phase arrest followed by slippage and subsequent cell death via the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. In conclusion, this study showed that both novel complexes as well as medicinal plant extracts represent an interesting avenue for the development of novel anticancer drugs that are cheaper and produce less side effects than current therapies. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Assessing community engagement programmes to mitigate uncontrolled, deliberately ignited fires in forestry plantation-communal land interface, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
- Authors: Ramantswana, Nontethelelo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Forest fires -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52008 , vital:43439
- Description: Forestry plantations in South Africa are surrounded by poor local communities that normally depend on the forestry resources for subsistence. This interface area is faced with human induced uncontrolled fires. There is a lack of understanding regarding the reasons for deliberate ignition of uncontrolled fires. There is also lack of information on the success of community engagement programs (CEPs) as fire protection intervention and / or their implementation barriers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Ramantswana, Nontethelelo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Forest fires -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52008 , vital:43439
- Description: Forestry plantations in South Africa are surrounded by poor local communities that normally depend on the forestry resources for subsistence. This interface area is faced with human induced uncontrolled fires. There is a lack of understanding regarding the reasons for deliberate ignition of uncontrolled fires. There is also lack of information on the success of community engagement programs (CEPs) as fire protection intervention and / or their implementation barriers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Assessing the employee talent retention strategy at the industrial development corporation
- Authors: Madondo, Lungile Sharon
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Employee retention -- South Africa , Labor turnover -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51798 , vital:43373
- Description: Successful employee retention is essential to an organisation’s stability, growth and revenue. Without properly implemented employee retention strategies, the organisation may face high employee turnover rates. An increased longevity of an employee’s tenure is better for the organisation’s overall performance. This study sought to evaluate the factors affecting employee retention at the IDC. To enhance the success of the study, the research objective was to assess the relationship between five HR factors and employee retention within the IDC. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The sampling method used for this study was convenience sampling. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The researcher cleansed and coded the data, whilst a statistician entered the collected data into STATISTICA. The data was analysed descriptively and also by means of inferential analysis method that is. The descriptive data was presented in the format of pie charts and tables with percentages, means and standard deviations as measures for distribution mechanisms. While inferential analysis presented the regression in table formats but with a clear indication of significant levels and adjusted R-square for all the independent variables. The sample that participated in this study consisted of 288 respondents from the IDC. Empirical findings revealed that the working environment, work-life balance, compensation and employee engagement positively influenced employee retention. Career development was not significantly related to employee retention. The study concluded and made recommendations to four stakeholders, namely the government to have roadshows and marketing activities to promote the Skills Development Act and skills Levies Act, IDC to review their employee retention strategy, Managers or Supervisors to support their employees by providing market related salary packages and provide session where they engage the employees in the organisations developments, and the HR Practitioners must ensure that the right fit of candidates are recruited to the organisation. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Madondo, Lungile Sharon
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Employee retention -- South Africa , Labor turnover -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51798 , vital:43373
- Description: Successful employee retention is essential to an organisation’s stability, growth and revenue. Without properly implemented employee retention strategies, the organisation may face high employee turnover rates. An increased longevity of an employee’s tenure is better for the organisation’s overall performance. This study sought to evaluate the factors affecting employee retention at the IDC. To enhance the success of the study, the research objective was to assess the relationship between five HR factors and employee retention within the IDC. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The sampling method used for this study was convenience sampling. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The researcher cleansed and coded the data, whilst a statistician entered the collected data into STATISTICA. The data was analysed descriptively and also by means of inferential analysis method that is. The descriptive data was presented in the format of pie charts and tables with percentages, means and standard deviations as measures for distribution mechanisms. While inferential analysis presented the regression in table formats but with a clear indication of significant levels and adjusted R-square for all the independent variables. The sample that participated in this study consisted of 288 respondents from the IDC. Empirical findings revealed that the working environment, work-life balance, compensation and employee engagement positively influenced employee retention. Career development was not significantly related to employee retention. The study concluded and made recommendations to four stakeholders, namely the government to have roadshows and marketing activities to promote the Skills Development Act and skills Levies Act, IDC to review their employee retention strategy, Managers or Supervisors to support their employees by providing market related salary packages and provide session where they engage the employees in the organisations developments, and the HR Practitioners must ensure that the right fit of candidates are recruited to the organisation. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Barriers and reasons for exercise of rural and urban overweight and obese populations in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mrwebi, Thembani
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Obesity--Prevention , Public health--Exercise
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22522 , vital:52388
- Description: It is documented that obesity is highly prevalent across rural and urban groups in industrialised and underdeveloped countries. This problem is an alarming issue as community members remain unsure about avoiding risking their health. Various health surveys reveal that obesity has increased among communities in the Buffalo City Metro Municipality in the Eastern Cape, and it has consequently made communities vulnerable to non-communicable diseases. The researcher explored factors and barriers of exercise for rural and urban obese populations in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape. This study was descriptive and explorative, utilising a questionnaire for gathering information. A purposive sample of 80 members from the two selected communities completed the questionnaire. A factor analysis was performed to identify factors that motivate physical activity and barriers to physical activity. It was discovered that all evaluated members were fully aware of the harmful repercussions of being overweight or obese. Nevertheless, only a tiny percentage of those who took part in the study decided to live a healthier lifestyle because of their obesity. Constructive motivating factors included increasing their self-image, enhancing their wellbeing, and getting highly involved in active and regular exercise. Negative motivators included finding it challenging to fit into old clothes and the worry of developing obesity-related diseases. Respondents noted the following impediments in regular exercises and physical activities; African cultural values, limited operational hours of physical activity facilities, insufficient time, and a lack of enthusiasm. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mrwebi, Thembani
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Obesity--Prevention , Public health--Exercise
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22522 , vital:52388
- Description: It is documented that obesity is highly prevalent across rural and urban groups in industrialised and underdeveloped countries. This problem is an alarming issue as community members remain unsure about avoiding risking their health. Various health surveys reveal that obesity has increased among communities in the Buffalo City Metro Municipality in the Eastern Cape, and it has consequently made communities vulnerable to non-communicable diseases. The researcher explored factors and barriers of exercise for rural and urban obese populations in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape. This study was descriptive and explorative, utilising a questionnaire for gathering information. A purposive sample of 80 members from the two selected communities completed the questionnaire. A factor analysis was performed to identify factors that motivate physical activity and barriers to physical activity. It was discovered that all evaluated members were fully aware of the harmful repercussions of being overweight or obese. Nevertheless, only a tiny percentage of those who took part in the study decided to live a healthier lifestyle because of their obesity. Constructive motivating factors included increasing their self-image, enhancing their wellbeing, and getting highly involved in active and regular exercise. Negative motivators included finding it challenging to fit into old clothes and the worry of developing obesity-related diseases. Respondents noted the following impediments in regular exercises and physical activities; African cultural values, limited operational hours of physical activity facilities, insufficient time, and a lack of enthusiasm. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Bayesian tolerance intervals and their application to ballistic grouping consistency in competitive shooting
- Authors: Gardiner, Marcell
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Bayesian statistical decision theory -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52456 , vital:43662
- Description: Competitive shooting has become immensely popular since the first modern Games held in 1896. Competitive shooting remains the fastest growing segment in the firearm industry, catering to individuals of all ages. Elite shooters are capable of reaching extreme levels of precision and accuracy, despite many factors existing that affect performance in Olympic shooting. One such factor is speed variability, which is dependent on the mass of the bullet, how constant is the lead being used, and, how constant the gunpowder is. The study focusses on the Bayesian simulation method proposed by Wolfinger (1998) for determining three kinds of tolerance intervals when applied to competitive shooting data, particularly examining speed variability. These tolerance intervals included the (𝛼𝛼,𝛿𝛿) tolerance interval (where 𝛼𝛼 is the content and 𝛿𝛿 is the confidence), the 𝛼𝛼 - expectation tolerance interval (where 𝛼𝛼 is the expected coverage of the interval) and the fixed-in advance tolerance interval in which the interval is held fixed and the proportion of process measurements it contains, is estimated. Speed measurements of individual shots fired were measured with either an Oeler 35P or Magneto Speed V3 chronograph and the data was fitted to a one-way random effects model. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Gardiner, Marcell
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Bayesian statistical decision theory -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52456 , vital:43662
- Description: Competitive shooting has become immensely popular since the first modern Games held in 1896. Competitive shooting remains the fastest growing segment in the firearm industry, catering to individuals of all ages. Elite shooters are capable of reaching extreme levels of precision and accuracy, despite many factors existing that affect performance in Olympic shooting. One such factor is speed variability, which is dependent on the mass of the bullet, how constant is the lead being used, and, how constant the gunpowder is. The study focusses on the Bayesian simulation method proposed by Wolfinger (1998) for determining three kinds of tolerance intervals when applied to competitive shooting data, particularly examining speed variability. These tolerance intervals included the (𝛼𝛼,𝛿𝛿) tolerance interval (where 𝛼𝛼 is the content and 𝛿𝛿 is the confidence), the 𝛼𝛼 - expectation tolerance interval (where 𝛼𝛼 is the expected coverage of the interval) and the fixed-in advance tolerance interval in which the interval is held fixed and the proportion of process measurements it contains, is estimated. Speed measurements of individual shots fired were measured with either an Oeler 35P or Magneto Speed V3 chronograph and the data was fitted to a one-way random effects model. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Benthic habitat mapping using marine geophysics and machine learning on the continental shelf of South Africa
- Authors: Pillay, Talicia
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Marine geophysics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52061 , vital:43452
- Description: A method to map seafloor substrates using machine learning, based primarily on hydroacoustic data including multibeam bathymetry, backscatter, and side-scan sonar, has been developed. The aim was to produce a customdesigned benthic habitat classification method that digitally integrates marine geophysics and biological science data, with relevance to all elements of the local substrate, and this was the first time it was attempted in a South African context. The algorithm developed is able to produce bio-physical benthic habitat maps and this can be extended along the continental shelf of South Africa as new data setsare collected and the algorithm is supplemented. At the outset, this work has focused on broad categories of rock and detailed categories of sediment. Four study sites with varying substrate were selected to holistically build the algorithm that followed a tiered approach of machine learning: Table Bay, Clifton, Koeberg Harbour and Cape St Francis. Table Bay was used to develop a new method of physical seafloor classification, by comparing and contrasting a number of statistical algorithms and software programs. Clifton was used to test the developed clustering algorithm, and Koeberg which is 35 km to the north was used to validate the algorithm because sediment samples, along with drop camera footage, were integrated to better define the results. The resultant verified algorithm was tested at Cape St Francis, where Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) footage was acquired in addition to hydroacoustic data. In the first phase of the process towards developing an algorithm, a customised tool was created within ArcGIS using python scripting language to classify seafloor bathymetry, which can be applied to any area of seafloor whatsoever. The tool was based on pioneering work done by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on a benthic terrain modelling toolbox and adapted to include side-scan sonar data. In the second phase of work, multibeam bathymetry, backscatter and side-scan sonar data that were processed using Qimera, Fledermaus Geocoder Toolbox, and Navlog processing software, were classified using different machine learning techniques including Decision Trees, Random Forests, and k-means clustering computer algorithms. The results from these algorithms were compared to manually-digitised polygons which were created to classify the seafloor substrate distribution by identification of different textures. Integrating all results facilitated a quantitative comparison that illuminated advantages and disadvantages of each machine learning technique and ultimately the k-means clustering techniques were found to be the simplest to implement and understand and worked most efficiently based on their seafloor segmentation capabilities in Table Bay, against all three hydroacoustic data sets (multibeam bathymetry, backscatter and side-scan sonar). In the third phase of work, ground-truthed seafloor characterisation maps were produced for the two study areas of Clifton and Koeberg Harbour. This applied multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data that were collected and processed with machine learning clustering techniques. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ocean Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Pillay, Talicia
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Marine geophysics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52061 , vital:43452
- Description: A method to map seafloor substrates using machine learning, based primarily on hydroacoustic data including multibeam bathymetry, backscatter, and side-scan sonar, has been developed. The aim was to produce a customdesigned benthic habitat classification method that digitally integrates marine geophysics and biological science data, with relevance to all elements of the local substrate, and this was the first time it was attempted in a South African context. The algorithm developed is able to produce bio-physical benthic habitat maps and this can be extended along the continental shelf of South Africa as new data setsare collected and the algorithm is supplemented. At the outset, this work has focused on broad categories of rock and detailed categories of sediment. Four study sites with varying substrate were selected to holistically build the algorithm that followed a tiered approach of machine learning: Table Bay, Clifton, Koeberg Harbour and Cape St Francis. Table Bay was used to develop a new method of physical seafloor classification, by comparing and contrasting a number of statistical algorithms and software programs. Clifton was used to test the developed clustering algorithm, and Koeberg which is 35 km to the north was used to validate the algorithm because sediment samples, along with drop camera footage, were integrated to better define the results. The resultant verified algorithm was tested at Cape St Francis, where Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) footage was acquired in addition to hydroacoustic data. In the first phase of the process towards developing an algorithm, a customised tool was created within ArcGIS using python scripting language to classify seafloor bathymetry, which can be applied to any area of seafloor whatsoever. The tool was based on pioneering work done by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on a benthic terrain modelling toolbox and adapted to include side-scan sonar data. In the second phase of work, multibeam bathymetry, backscatter and side-scan sonar data that were processed using Qimera, Fledermaus Geocoder Toolbox, and Navlog processing software, were classified using different machine learning techniques including Decision Trees, Random Forests, and k-means clustering computer algorithms. The results from these algorithms were compared to manually-digitised polygons which were created to classify the seafloor substrate distribution by identification of different textures. Integrating all results facilitated a quantitative comparison that illuminated advantages and disadvantages of each machine learning technique and ultimately the k-means clustering techniques were found to be the simplest to implement and understand and worked most efficiently based on their seafloor segmentation capabilities in Table Bay, against all three hydroacoustic data sets (multibeam bathymetry, backscatter and side-scan sonar). In the third phase of work, ground-truthed seafloor characterisation maps were produced for the two study areas of Clifton and Koeberg Harbour. This applied multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data that were collected and processed with machine learning clustering techniques. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ocean Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Bongani Ndodana-Breen’s compositional style and techniques: piano case study in Rituals for Forgotten Faces
- Authors: Julies, Jason
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Composers, Black -- South Africa , Hymns, Xhosa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52897 , vital:44320
- Description: Bongani Ndodana-Breen is a South African born Xhosa composer trained in Western Classical music and composition. His music is a reflection of his Xhosa heritage, and is internationally recognised. While there have been discussions of Ndodana-Breen’s individual works, the current available literature does not sufficiently investigate his compositional style. This treatise aims to address this. To determine Ndodana-Breen’s compositional style, the techniques and practices he uses in his works are investigated. This is achieved by deconstructing the compositional elements, and musical techniques and practices he employs in his compositions. They are then investigated through the use of thematic analysis and fragmentation, and are viewed through the lens of polystylism and postcolonialism. Ndodana-Breen’s composition Rituals for Forgotten Faces is used as a case study. The results of this investigation show that Ndodana-Breen, through the use of strong rhythms, light textures and simplicity in writing, creates a unique Africanness in his compositions. This Africanness overcomes the Eurocentric sound traditionally found in Western Classical composition. Furthermore, these findings suggest a hybridity of polystylistic elements found in Ndodana-Breen’s music, that could potentially be found in the works of other African musicians that are trained in Western Classical composition. On this basis, this study paves the way for further study of African composers and their works. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Julies, Jason
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Composers, Black -- South Africa , Hymns, Xhosa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52897 , vital:44320
- Description: Bongani Ndodana-Breen is a South African born Xhosa composer trained in Western Classical music and composition. His music is a reflection of his Xhosa heritage, and is internationally recognised. While there have been discussions of Ndodana-Breen’s individual works, the current available literature does not sufficiently investigate his compositional style. This treatise aims to address this. To determine Ndodana-Breen’s compositional style, the techniques and practices he uses in his works are investigated. This is achieved by deconstructing the compositional elements, and musical techniques and practices he employs in his compositions. They are then investigated through the use of thematic analysis and fragmentation, and are viewed through the lens of polystylism and postcolonialism. Ndodana-Breen’s composition Rituals for Forgotten Faces is used as a case study. The results of this investigation show that Ndodana-Breen, through the use of strong rhythms, light textures and simplicity in writing, creates a unique Africanness in his compositions. This Africanness overcomes the Eurocentric sound traditionally found in Western Classical composition. Furthermore, these findings suggest a hybridity of polystylistic elements found in Ndodana-Breen’s music, that could potentially be found in the works of other African musicians that are trained in Western Classical composition. On this basis, this study paves the way for further study of African composers and their works. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Caregivers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of breastfeeding and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pmtct) in Nelson Mandela Bay Health District: impact of a community dialogue intervention
- Authors: Barnard, Marné
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Breastfeeding -- Transmission -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality -- Prevention , Communicable diseases -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50988 , vital:43196
- Description: Background: Globally, childhood mortality remains high with 5.3 million deaths occurring in children under the age of five years in 2018. Of these deaths, 43 000 were children from South Africa, with malnutrition being a significant risk factor contributing to disease and death. Breastfeeding has many benefits and reduces childhood mortality. Current primary health care strategies in South Africa are not having an adequate impact on breastfeeding rates, therefore appropriate messages need to be targeted at the community in order to improve breastfeeding rates. Participatory approaches have been identified as an effective tool to promote child health. Community dialogues led by skilled Early Childhood Development (ECD) mentors from the community might be key in order to improve caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in relation to breastfeeding and Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Aim : The aim of the study was to explore the potential effects of community dialogues, led by ECD mentors, on caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in relation to breastfeeding and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Methods: Quasi-experimental design was used to compare the KAP of caregivers in relation to breastfeeding and PMTCT. Convenience sampling was used to include 63 caregivers who participated in the umbrella project (mixed-methods) and 61 caregivers who did not participate in the project. Ethics approval was obtained from the Nelson Mandela University Faculty Postgraduate Studies Committee. Participants had to provide written informed consent. A skilled interviewer used a structured questionnaire to assess the KAP of all participants. Data were captured on an Excel spreadsheet and analysed in collaboration with a statistician, who analysed the data using Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics were applied to numerical data, while frequency distributions were applied to categorical data. Correlations were calculated to describe the degree of relationship between two variables. Inferential statistic tests, conducted at a significance level of 0,05, were used for hypothesis testing. The t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in tests involving mean values. Scheffé’s test was used in ANOVA to determine between which of the groups a statistically significant difference was found. Results: In the intervention group more than double the number participants (35%; n=22) had a good knowledge of breastfeeding when compared to participants (15%; n=9) in the control group. Additionally, the intervention group participants displayed better attitudes towards the RtHB (p=0.02). However, control group participants showed better knowledge towards the HIV (p=0.01). Finally, results suggest that in the intervention group, participants (33%; n=21) were more likely to have a good total KAP score in relation to breastfeeding and PMTCT when compared to participants (11%; n=7) in the control group. In the intervention group, better knowledge correlated with good practices relating to the RtHB (r=0.27). However, in the control group, positive attitudes correlated with better practices relating to HIV (r=0.29). Younger intervention group participants displayed better breastfeeding related practices (p=0.011). Additionally, younger control group participants displayed better knowledge of breastfeeding (p=0.001). Intervention group participants whose choices were influenced by their husband/ partner (p =0.016) and/ or radio/ magazines/ newspapers (p=0.004) had positive attitudes towards HIV. Control group participants whose choices were influenced by their other family members (p=0.043) and/ or clinic staff (p=0.016) had good knowledge of sharing their knowledge. Conclusions and recommendations: The intervention group displayed a better knowledge of breastfeeding as well as more desirable attitudes towards the RtHB, when compared to the control group. However, the control group displayed better knowledge of HIV, which could be due to the control group having more younger participants when compared to the intervention group. The community dialogue intervention had a positive impact on caregivers KAP relating to breastfeeding and PMTCT, which included all the different categories combined. In order to improve the Sakha Esethu intervention programme, managers need to provide guidance to the mentors on how to initiate conversations regarding HIV and discuss the stigma associated with HIV and breastfeeding. Results showed that including grandmothers and husbands or partners in the target population will benefit the intervention. Additionally, the use of radio needs to be considered especially for discussions regarding HIV. Lastly, sustainability needs to be improved due to many participants not remembering certain detail regarding topics that was discussed. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Barnard, Marné
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Breastfeeding -- Transmission -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality -- Prevention , Communicable diseases -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50988 , vital:43196
- Description: Background: Globally, childhood mortality remains high with 5.3 million deaths occurring in children under the age of five years in 2018. Of these deaths, 43 000 were children from South Africa, with malnutrition being a significant risk factor contributing to disease and death. Breastfeeding has many benefits and reduces childhood mortality. Current primary health care strategies in South Africa are not having an adequate impact on breastfeeding rates, therefore appropriate messages need to be targeted at the community in order to improve breastfeeding rates. Participatory approaches have been identified as an effective tool to promote child health. Community dialogues led by skilled Early Childhood Development (ECD) mentors from the community might be key in order to improve caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in relation to breastfeeding and Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Aim : The aim of the study was to explore the potential effects of community dialogues, led by ECD mentors, on caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in relation to breastfeeding and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Methods: Quasi-experimental design was used to compare the KAP of caregivers in relation to breastfeeding and PMTCT. Convenience sampling was used to include 63 caregivers who participated in the umbrella project (mixed-methods) and 61 caregivers who did not participate in the project. Ethics approval was obtained from the Nelson Mandela University Faculty Postgraduate Studies Committee. Participants had to provide written informed consent. A skilled interviewer used a structured questionnaire to assess the KAP of all participants. Data were captured on an Excel spreadsheet and analysed in collaboration with a statistician, who analysed the data using Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics were applied to numerical data, while frequency distributions were applied to categorical data. Correlations were calculated to describe the degree of relationship between two variables. Inferential statistic tests, conducted at a significance level of 0,05, were used for hypothesis testing. The t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in tests involving mean values. Scheffé’s test was used in ANOVA to determine between which of the groups a statistically significant difference was found. Results: In the intervention group more than double the number participants (35%; n=22) had a good knowledge of breastfeeding when compared to participants (15%; n=9) in the control group. Additionally, the intervention group participants displayed better attitudes towards the RtHB (p=0.02). However, control group participants showed better knowledge towards the HIV (p=0.01). Finally, results suggest that in the intervention group, participants (33%; n=21) were more likely to have a good total KAP score in relation to breastfeeding and PMTCT when compared to participants (11%; n=7) in the control group. In the intervention group, better knowledge correlated with good practices relating to the RtHB (r=0.27). However, in the control group, positive attitudes correlated with better practices relating to HIV (r=0.29). Younger intervention group participants displayed better breastfeeding related practices (p=0.011). Additionally, younger control group participants displayed better knowledge of breastfeeding (p=0.001). Intervention group participants whose choices were influenced by their husband/ partner (p =0.016) and/ or radio/ magazines/ newspapers (p=0.004) had positive attitudes towards HIV. Control group participants whose choices were influenced by their other family members (p=0.043) and/ or clinic staff (p=0.016) had good knowledge of sharing their knowledge. Conclusions and recommendations: The intervention group displayed a better knowledge of breastfeeding as well as more desirable attitudes towards the RtHB, when compared to the control group. However, the control group displayed better knowledge of HIV, which could be due to the control group having more younger participants when compared to the intervention group. The community dialogue intervention had a positive impact on caregivers KAP relating to breastfeeding and PMTCT, which included all the different categories combined. In order to improve the Sakha Esethu intervention programme, managers need to provide guidance to the mentors on how to initiate conversations regarding HIV and discuss the stigma associated with HIV and breastfeeding. Results showed that including grandmothers and husbands or partners in the target population will benefit the intervention. Additionally, the use of radio needs to be considered especially for discussions regarding HIV. Lastly, sustainability needs to be improved due to many participants not remembering certain detail regarding topics that was discussed. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Challenges faced by state owned entities and economic development in South Africa
- Willie, Ntsikelelo Mike Mncedi
- Authors: Willie, Ntsikelelo Mike Mncedi
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52976 , vital:44907
- Description: Background: State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) play a vital role in government activities and the delivery of basic services to the people. The Government is active in the key sectors, such as, services, utilities, transportation and construction. Presumably, the distribution of basic resources and infrastructure development is to some extent dependent on SOEs. South Africa is inundated with challenges in SOE’s, such as, lack of service delivery, poor financial management, less growth, massive unemployment, corruption and low business confidence. These are a threat to economic and financial sustainability of a country. Twenty years into democracy, South Africa’s SOEs environment had many scandals in both private and public sectors. SOEs such as SABC, Eskom, and Transnet had their share of malpractice, fraud and corruption in management and at board level. These incidents call for interrogation at all levels as the impact undermines political, economic stability and growth prospects. One of today’s core challenges is to justify the existence of some of the SOEs in our economy. Looking at South Africa, most of the SOEs financial performances are severely deteriorating. Due to their financial constraints, they receive a bailout from government to enable them to continue to operate. Aim: This study identified specific governance challenges faced by SOEs and economic development in South Africa, over the period of 10 years (2014 - 2018). The study made recommendations to restore good governance in SOEs. Setting: This study reviewed articles and literature on the challenges faced by SOEs and economic development in South Africa. Primary sources for the document review took the form of newspapers, various official reports and ongoing records of SOEs activities, government departments, student transcripts, mission statements, annual reports, policy, manuals, student handbooks, and strategic plans, and press releases, theses from academic institutions, trade journals, business journals, government publications and business review publications. Secondary sources used were published books and journal articles. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Willie, Ntsikelelo Mike Mncedi
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52976 , vital:44907
- Description: Background: State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) play a vital role in government activities and the delivery of basic services to the people. The Government is active in the key sectors, such as, services, utilities, transportation and construction. Presumably, the distribution of basic resources and infrastructure development is to some extent dependent on SOEs. South Africa is inundated with challenges in SOE’s, such as, lack of service delivery, poor financial management, less growth, massive unemployment, corruption and low business confidence. These are a threat to economic and financial sustainability of a country. Twenty years into democracy, South Africa’s SOEs environment had many scandals in both private and public sectors. SOEs such as SABC, Eskom, and Transnet had their share of malpractice, fraud and corruption in management and at board level. These incidents call for interrogation at all levels as the impact undermines political, economic stability and growth prospects. One of today’s core challenges is to justify the existence of some of the SOEs in our economy. Looking at South Africa, most of the SOEs financial performances are severely deteriorating. Due to their financial constraints, they receive a bailout from government to enable them to continue to operate. Aim: This study identified specific governance challenges faced by SOEs and economic development in South Africa, over the period of 10 years (2014 - 2018). The study made recommendations to restore good governance in SOEs. Setting: This study reviewed articles and literature on the challenges faced by SOEs and economic development in South Africa. Primary sources for the document review took the form of newspapers, various official reports and ongoing records of SOEs activities, government departments, student transcripts, mission statements, annual reports, policy, manuals, student handbooks, and strategic plans, and press releases, theses from academic institutions, trade journals, business journals, government publications and business review publications. Secondary sources used were published books and journal articles. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Cluster analysis for group selection in launch sales predictions
- Authors: Watchurst, Lee
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Cluster analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52003 , vital:43447
- Description: One way for businesses to stay ahead in a competitive market is through the launch of new products and planning for these launches optimally. This includes ordering the correct quantity of stock in advance as well as maintaining these stock levels while the item launches. However, holding too much stock in warehouses can affect the business costs adversely. This research proposes the use of cluster analysis techniques to determine the up-front purchase quantity by identifying similar items and using their initial quantities sold. Products will be grouped based on their numerical and categorical attributes. Once the data is clustered, the Bass model will be used to obtain a sales profile for the new item. The Bass model is a popular choice for product life cycle planning due to the emphasis placed on the timing of adoption. The study will make use of data from a retail and wholesale company that sells, in part, single use items. With the planning for new launches being a key problem point in many companies, this research aims to optimise the planning process and ensure product launch success across stores. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Watchurst, Lee
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Cluster analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52003 , vital:43447
- Description: One way for businesses to stay ahead in a competitive market is through the launch of new products and planning for these launches optimally. This includes ordering the correct quantity of stock in advance as well as maintaining these stock levels while the item launches. However, holding too much stock in warehouses can affect the business costs adversely. This research proposes the use of cluster analysis techniques to determine the up-front purchase quantity by identifying similar items and using their initial quantities sold. Products will be grouped based on their numerical and categorical attributes. Once the data is clustered, the Bass model will be used to obtain a sales profile for the new item. The Bass model is a popular choice for product life cycle planning due to the emphasis placed on the timing of adoption. The study will make use of data from a retail and wholesale company that sells, in part, single use items. With the planning for new launches being a key problem point in many companies, this research aims to optimise the planning process and ensure product launch success across stores. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Colourism, the commodification of complexion and a post-colonial analysis of skin-lightening campaigns: a case study of the South African Indian Community
- Authors: Juglal, Simran
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Colorism -- South Africa , Skin -- Bleaching
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52568 , vital:43690
- Description: As part of the legacy of colonialism, colourism, or intra-racial discrimination, is a complex phenomenon in India and in the Indian diaspora. To explore the nature of such intra-racial hierarchies, this research contextualises the historical frameworks of British colonial rule in India, the Indian indentured labour system in South Africa, and racial segregation during the Apartheid regime. Significantly, the legacies of these systems of oppression work on two distinct yet intertwined levels: race and colour. Because the colour of one’s skin can greatly influence education opportunities, socio-economic mobility, and general well-being in communities of colour, the problematic relationship between skin complexion and access to resources can encourage a yearning for whiteness or lightness. Aided by Eurocentric standards of beauty and ethnic marketing, the media plays a key role in exacerbating the issue of colourism and fortifying a multi-million dollar skin-lightening industry. From the vilification of darker-skinned actors in Bollywood to beauty products with potentially-harmful ingredients being promoted as the main, or only, means to success, the media and skin-lightening industry exploit the desire for a lighter skin tone to sell a lifestyle underpinned by white aesthetics. Thus, this research analyses the power of the media in championing colourist ideals as well as how the media can be used to dismantle such ideals. While there exists an extensive amount of academic literature on colourism, previous work has failed to address the ways in which colourism is present within the South African Indian diaspora. Arguably, Indian people have a unique history of being both oppressed and privileged in South Africa and it is in this in-between space where colourism thrives. Thus, through the use of an audience study and, consequently, data collection and analysis, this research explores the personal experiences of colourism-based discrimination and privileges in the South African Indian diaspora. While this research does not aim to provide conclusive answers and/or solutions to the issue of colourism, it is paramount to include an audience study as the World Health Organisation (WHO) has reported that 35% of South Africans participate in skin-lightening processes. Thus, this research aims to provide insights into the ways in which South African Indians engage with colourism and the extent to which they participate in skin-lightening practices. The findings of this research aim to illustrate that colourism remains rife in the South African Indian community as it is often ‘passed down’ from generation to generation. Moreover, the analysis of the participants’ responses demonstrates that, despite the fragile nature of determining one’s worth based on skin tone, colourism can have a long-term impact on the mental, emotional and physical health of South African Indians. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Juglal, Simran
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Colorism -- South Africa , Skin -- Bleaching
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52568 , vital:43690
- Description: As part of the legacy of colonialism, colourism, or intra-racial discrimination, is a complex phenomenon in India and in the Indian diaspora. To explore the nature of such intra-racial hierarchies, this research contextualises the historical frameworks of British colonial rule in India, the Indian indentured labour system in South Africa, and racial segregation during the Apartheid regime. Significantly, the legacies of these systems of oppression work on two distinct yet intertwined levels: race and colour. Because the colour of one’s skin can greatly influence education opportunities, socio-economic mobility, and general well-being in communities of colour, the problematic relationship between skin complexion and access to resources can encourage a yearning for whiteness or lightness. Aided by Eurocentric standards of beauty and ethnic marketing, the media plays a key role in exacerbating the issue of colourism and fortifying a multi-million dollar skin-lightening industry. From the vilification of darker-skinned actors in Bollywood to beauty products with potentially-harmful ingredients being promoted as the main, or only, means to success, the media and skin-lightening industry exploit the desire for a lighter skin tone to sell a lifestyle underpinned by white aesthetics. Thus, this research analyses the power of the media in championing colourist ideals as well as how the media can be used to dismantle such ideals. While there exists an extensive amount of academic literature on colourism, previous work has failed to address the ways in which colourism is present within the South African Indian diaspora. Arguably, Indian people have a unique history of being both oppressed and privileged in South Africa and it is in this in-between space where colourism thrives. Thus, through the use of an audience study and, consequently, data collection and analysis, this research explores the personal experiences of colourism-based discrimination and privileges in the South African Indian diaspora. While this research does not aim to provide conclusive answers and/or solutions to the issue of colourism, it is paramount to include an audience study as the World Health Organisation (WHO) has reported that 35% of South Africans participate in skin-lightening processes. Thus, this research aims to provide insights into the ways in which South African Indians engage with colourism and the extent to which they participate in skin-lightening practices. The findings of this research aim to illustrate that colourism remains rife in the South African Indian community as it is often ‘passed down’ from generation to generation. Moreover, the analysis of the participants’ responses demonstrates that, despite the fragile nature of determining one’s worth based on skin tone, colourism can have a long-term impact on the mental, emotional and physical health of South African Indians. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Community development and sustainable livelihoods: the Jeffrey’s Bay wind farm bee-keeping initiative, South Africa
- Authors: Phillip, Busisiwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53033 , vital:44886
- Description: The Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement (REIPPP) policy requirements set by the South Africa Government have shaped the responsibility of the socio-economic trajectory to include various stakeholders in the economy, such as the private sector companies that operate in and around areas affected by poverty and unemployment. The Eastern Cape is among the provinces of South Africa that are trapped in poverty (Edwards, 2003). The Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council (2019) reported that in the first quarter of 2019 the Eastern Cape had the highest unemployment rate (34.7%) in the country and that the youth unemployment rate was at 50.8%; a record high. The Kouga Municipality, which is where the Rooidraai community is situated in Ward 13, has a population of 98 558 people of which 38 412 are economically active and of these, 21.5% are unemployed (StatsSA, 2019). In view of this, there seems to be a problem addressing poverty in the Eastern Cape, especially in rural communities. The aim of this study was to investigate if the Jeffrey’s Bay Wind Farm (JBWF) can create initiatives aimed at sustainable community development. In doing so, the research question will be answered, which entails investigating ways that the leaders of the Jeffrey’s Bay Wind Farm project can employ to improve the beekeeping initiative’s outcomes and perhaps launch future initiatives that are aimed at developing communities. The Rooidraai community was the study’s area of research. This area was chosen because the beekeeping initiative is mainly situated in this community and also because the majority of the beneficiaries are situated in this area. The dearth of research on issues pertaining to community development and sustainable livelihoods through beekeeping was a motivating factor to conduct the study. The problem statement highlighted that private sector companies are not particularly well versed with regard to community development approaches that deal with beneficiaries of projects that are imposed upon them that result in undesired outcomes that could have been avoided had proper processes been followed. The study used the theories of community development and sustainable livelihoods to assist in the research problem statement as these theories deal with issues of human development which have proposed approaches such as bottom-up development, self-reliance and giving voice to people at grassroots level. The study employed the qualitative approach due to its non-emergent nature and also the ability to predetermine methods of data collection and analysis through which semi-structured interviews, observations and field notes were employed as data collection tools and a thematic analysis and SLF analysis approaches were used as approaches for analysing the data. The study employed purposive sampling to which eight members of the beekeeping project made the sample size. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Phillip, Busisiwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53033 , vital:44886
- Description: The Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement (REIPPP) policy requirements set by the South Africa Government have shaped the responsibility of the socio-economic trajectory to include various stakeholders in the economy, such as the private sector companies that operate in and around areas affected by poverty and unemployment. The Eastern Cape is among the provinces of South Africa that are trapped in poverty (Edwards, 2003). The Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council (2019) reported that in the first quarter of 2019 the Eastern Cape had the highest unemployment rate (34.7%) in the country and that the youth unemployment rate was at 50.8%; a record high. The Kouga Municipality, which is where the Rooidraai community is situated in Ward 13, has a population of 98 558 people of which 38 412 are economically active and of these, 21.5% are unemployed (StatsSA, 2019). In view of this, there seems to be a problem addressing poverty in the Eastern Cape, especially in rural communities. The aim of this study was to investigate if the Jeffrey’s Bay Wind Farm (JBWF) can create initiatives aimed at sustainable community development. In doing so, the research question will be answered, which entails investigating ways that the leaders of the Jeffrey’s Bay Wind Farm project can employ to improve the beekeeping initiative’s outcomes and perhaps launch future initiatives that are aimed at developing communities. The Rooidraai community was the study’s area of research. This area was chosen because the beekeeping initiative is mainly situated in this community and also because the majority of the beneficiaries are situated in this area. The dearth of research on issues pertaining to community development and sustainable livelihoods through beekeeping was a motivating factor to conduct the study. The problem statement highlighted that private sector companies are not particularly well versed with regard to community development approaches that deal with beneficiaries of projects that are imposed upon them that result in undesired outcomes that could have been avoided had proper processes been followed. The study used the theories of community development and sustainable livelihoods to assist in the research problem statement as these theories deal with issues of human development which have proposed approaches such as bottom-up development, self-reliance and giving voice to people at grassroots level. The study employed the qualitative approach due to its non-emergent nature and also the ability to predetermine methods of data collection and analysis through which semi-structured interviews, observations and field notes were employed as data collection tools and a thematic analysis and SLF analysis approaches were used as approaches for analysing the data. The study employed purposive sampling to which eight members of the beekeeping project made the sample size. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Community perceptions of the employment of people with physical disabilities: the case of Centurion
- Authors: Mqayi, Noxolo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: People with disabilities -- Employment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53511 , vital:45176
- Description: Increasingly, the people with disabilities are one of the most discriminated, marginalised and prejudiced group in the most parts of wide world. This study has focused on the challenge faced by the above-mentioned group at Centurion that is geographically situated in Tshwane Municipality in Gauteng Province. The objectives of this study included the investigation as well as the perception of people towards the employment of the people with disabilities in Centurion. Further, the objective included some recommendations with the view to address some of the challenges faced by people with disabilities. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative which include among others, individual interviews using an interview guide semi-structured interview questions. Further, observation was utilised as well as a research tool. To supplement the above-mentioned research techniques, secondary material ranging from scholarly relevant book and journals were consulted. The research ethics were complied with adequately by requesting permission to the participants and they have signed the consent form. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mqayi, Noxolo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: People with disabilities -- Employment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53511 , vital:45176
- Description: Increasingly, the people with disabilities are one of the most discriminated, marginalised and prejudiced group in the most parts of wide world. This study has focused on the challenge faced by the above-mentioned group at Centurion that is geographically situated in Tshwane Municipality in Gauteng Province. The objectives of this study included the investigation as well as the perception of people towards the employment of the people with disabilities in Centurion. Further, the objective included some recommendations with the view to address some of the challenges faced by people with disabilities. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative which include among others, individual interviews using an interview guide semi-structured interview questions. Further, observation was utilised as well as a research tool. To supplement the above-mentioned research techniques, secondary material ranging from scholarly relevant book and journals were consulted. The research ethics were complied with adequately by requesting permission to the participants and they have signed the consent form. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Customer experience in the grocery retail sector in South Africa
- Authors: Leander, Donovan
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Customer services -- Management , Consumer satisfaction , Grocery trade-Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51743 , vital:43368
- Description: Customer Experience (CX) is the measurement of interaction between a customer and an organisation over a long time. Customer Experience is a strategic marketing effort that aims to improve the customer journey and touchpoints with the organisations’ product and services. It involves the complete customer journey – starting with the search process, purchase and after-sale processes of the experience. Google Trends identified that online users from all over the world search the key words “Customer Experience” more, often than not. This study considered a reliable measure for Customer Experience. This study endeavours to explore Customer Experience in the grocery retail sector in South Africa to put customer needs at the centre of their business. Extensive research on Customer Experience exist, however Customer Experience in the grocery retail sector in South Africa has not been measured using Professor Phillip Klaus’s new scale in CX. A broad literature review was conducted and Factors influencing Customer Experience in the grocery retail sector were identified and explored. The academic literature selected for the study is founded in the academic theories of Experienced Utility and Service-Dominant (S-D) Logic. The literature formed the foundation for the conceptual model that included the proposed Brand Experience (BE), Service Experience (SE) and Post-purchase / Consumption Experience (PE) independent factors. This treatise formed part of a bigger study of Customer Experience undertaken, using a questionnaire distributed via email, which 858 respondents completed. The study was quantitative. Data analysis included the use of descriptive and inferential statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Reliability and Validity of Measurement, One-Sample T-Tests and the measurement of relationship between the factors. There is a need for companies to explore and understand CX in order to differentiate themselves strategically and to improve the bottom line. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by using academic literature and theories to explore Customer Experience in the grocery retail sector in South Africa. BE involves the customers’ perception of the brand and influence the customer’s experience. Customers look for clues to help inform their SE and expect companies to know their product and basic service promise. The findings of the study identified that BE and SE had a positive and significant influence on each other. Customers will show signs of commitment to an organisation during a positive PE. Similarly, the findings concluded that PE and CX had a statistical and practical significant positive correlation. PE was highlighted as a key determinant of CX. A positive CX will lead to a repeat purchases. Marketing managers need to take into account these factors when formulating CX strategies to influence the bottom line of the organisation. This study concludes with managerial recommendations that the grocery retail sector can implement to influence CX. Some of the recommendations include the appointment of a professional to manage all social media content; training and development opportunities for employees to enhance customer and shopping experience; and the use of customer data from loyalty programmes to promote personalised offers. In summary, a continuous review of CX with the emphasis on PE is recommended, to understand the changing needs of customers in the grocery retail sector. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Leander, Donovan
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Customer services -- Management , Consumer satisfaction , Grocery trade-Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51743 , vital:43368
- Description: Customer Experience (CX) is the measurement of interaction between a customer and an organisation over a long time. Customer Experience is a strategic marketing effort that aims to improve the customer journey and touchpoints with the organisations’ product and services. It involves the complete customer journey – starting with the search process, purchase and after-sale processes of the experience. Google Trends identified that online users from all over the world search the key words “Customer Experience” more, often than not. This study considered a reliable measure for Customer Experience. This study endeavours to explore Customer Experience in the grocery retail sector in South Africa to put customer needs at the centre of their business. Extensive research on Customer Experience exist, however Customer Experience in the grocery retail sector in South Africa has not been measured using Professor Phillip Klaus’s new scale in CX. A broad literature review was conducted and Factors influencing Customer Experience in the grocery retail sector were identified and explored. The academic literature selected for the study is founded in the academic theories of Experienced Utility and Service-Dominant (S-D) Logic. The literature formed the foundation for the conceptual model that included the proposed Brand Experience (BE), Service Experience (SE) and Post-purchase / Consumption Experience (PE) independent factors. This treatise formed part of a bigger study of Customer Experience undertaken, using a questionnaire distributed via email, which 858 respondents completed. The study was quantitative. Data analysis included the use of descriptive and inferential statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Reliability and Validity of Measurement, One-Sample T-Tests and the measurement of relationship between the factors. There is a need for companies to explore and understand CX in order to differentiate themselves strategically and to improve the bottom line. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by using academic literature and theories to explore Customer Experience in the grocery retail sector in South Africa. BE involves the customers’ perception of the brand and influence the customer’s experience. Customers look for clues to help inform their SE and expect companies to know their product and basic service promise. The findings of the study identified that BE and SE had a positive and significant influence on each other. Customers will show signs of commitment to an organisation during a positive PE. Similarly, the findings concluded that PE and CX had a statistical and practical significant positive correlation. PE was highlighted as a key determinant of CX. A positive CX will lead to a repeat purchases. Marketing managers need to take into account these factors when formulating CX strategies to influence the bottom line of the organisation. This study concludes with managerial recommendations that the grocery retail sector can implement to influence CX. Some of the recommendations include the appointment of a professional to manage all social media content; training and development opportunities for employees to enhance customer and shopping experience; and the use of customer data from loyalty programmes to promote personalised offers. In summary, a continuous review of CX with the emphasis on PE is recommended, to understand the changing needs of customers in the grocery retail sector. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Customer experience in the South African retail banking industry
- Authors: Mtyu, Noluchumo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53037 , vital:44874
- Description: This treatise explores customer experience in the South African banking industry and its importance for the success of retail banks. Customer experience leaves a memory that has critical effects on future spending of not only direct customers, but others around them. The main issues addressed by this study are how customer experience is a differentiator in the South African banking industry. The banking industry is a highly competitive industry and the importance of customer service in the banking industry is essential for business if they wish to stay relevant and have sustained continuity and growth. In today’s fast-evolving business life, customer experience has become the new battleground for businesses and banks can no longer rely on products or prices to be competitive. Retail banks now need to compete by providing exceptional customer experiences, which cannot be imitated by their competitors. Services provided by South African banks are very similar and banks need to use superior customer experiences to gain competitive advantage over rivals. Understanding customer experience in achieving customer satisfaction is essential to ensure that banks have satisfied customers who encourage others to join or stay with the bank. Once understood, customer experience will assist bank managers to provide inimitable and superior experiences, resulting in business success. The study aims to assist South African banks to improve customer experiences by investigating customer experience and factors that influence it. Definitions and theories are discussed as well as the importance of customer experience in the South African retail banking industry. This study specifically explored the role of the customer experience through factors brand experience, service experience and post-purchase experience. Each factor is statistically explored and its importance highlighted. An empirical study, using a questionnaire, was conducted amongst 858 respondents. The purpose of this was to determine the satisfaction levels of South African retail banking customers, by using data analyses and descriptive and inferential statistics to test the factors identified in the conceptual model. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMU Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mtyu, Noluchumo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53037 , vital:44874
- Description: This treatise explores customer experience in the South African banking industry and its importance for the success of retail banks. Customer experience leaves a memory that has critical effects on future spending of not only direct customers, but others around them. The main issues addressed by this study are how customer experience is a differentiator in the South African banking industry. The banking industry is a highly competitive industry and the importance of customer service in the banking industry is essential for business if they wish to stay relevant and have sustained continuity and growth. In today’s fast-evolving business life, customer experience has become the new battleground for businesses and banks can no longer rely on products or prices to be competitive. Retail banks now need to compete by providing exceptional customer experiences, which cannot be imitated by their competitors. Services provided by South African banks are very similar and banks need to use superior customer experiences to gain competitive advantage over rivals. Understanding customer experience in achieving customer satisfaction is essential to ensure that banks have satisfied customers who encourage others to join or stay with the bank. Once understood, customer experience will assist bank managers to provide inimitable and superior experiences, resulting in business success. The study aims to assist South African banks to improve customer experiences by investigating customer experience and factors that influence it. Definitions and theories are discussed as well as the importance of customer experience in the South African retail banking industry. This study specifically explored the role of the customer experience through factors brand experience, service experience and post-purchase experience. Each factor is statistically explored and its importance highlighted. An empirical study, using a questionnaire, was conducted amongst 858 respondents. The purpose of this was to determine the satisfaction levels of South African retail banking customers, by using data analyses and descriptive and inferential statistics to test the factors identified in the conceptual model. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMU Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Customer experience: a comparative analysis between the banking and grocery retail sectors
- Authors: Pillay, Deneesha
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53007 , vital:44891
- Description: The notion of customer experience has gained prominence in the field of marketing over the last three decades. It has become a strategic imperative for firms in order to ensure sustained business growth. A positive customer experience not only has the ability to promote customer loyalty but can also assist firms in encouraging brand advocacy. While customer experience has been explored in several contexts, regions and industries, customer experience in South Africa’s banking and grocery retail sectors has not yet been adequately explored. Therefore, this study attempts to provide a comparative analysis of these two sectors and in turn present a model for improving customer experience as a marketing tool. The execution of this study requires a literature review to investigate the field of customer experience. This literature review assisted in developing a conceptual model for customer experience in the attempt of improving customer experience quality. Furthermore, this Treatise pursues a positivistic research approach using quantitative methods of analysis. Factor analysis was conducted using data gathered from an online questionnaire disseminated via e-mail. The sample of this study was selected at random using convenience and snowball sampling. A sample size of n = 858 is used in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were conducted on the data. The primary contribution of this study was the presentation and statistical assessment of an exploratory factor analysis of factors influencing customer experience in South Africa’s grocery retail and banking sectors. This study found that the independent factors of Brand Experience, Service Experience and Post-purchase Experience were all found to have a positive effect on the overall customer experience. In the grocery-retail sector, Post-purchase Experience was found to have a strong positive correlation with customer experience. Brand Experience and Service Experience were strongly correlated with each other as independent factors, but did not demonstrate any practical or statistical significance in relation to the dependent factor, Customer Experience. However, in the banking sector, all of these factors demonstrate positive correlations with Customer Experience that are statistically and practically significant. The model presented in this study identifies the determinants of Customer Experience within both sectors. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMU Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Pillay, Deneesha
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53007 , vital:44891
- Description: The notion of customer experience has gained prominence in the field of marketing over the last three decades. It has become a strategic imperative for firms in order to ensure sustained business growth. A positive customer experience not only has the ability to promote customer loyalty but can also assist firms in encouraging brand advocacy. While customer experience has been explored in several contexts, regions and industries, customer experience in South Africa’s banking and grocery retail sectors has not yet been adequately explored. Therefore, this study attempts to provide a comparative analysis of these two sectors and in turn present a model for improving customer experience as a marketing tool. The execution of this study requires a literature review to investigate the field of customer experience. This literature review assisted in developing a conceptual model for customer experience in the attempt of improving customer experience quality. Furthermore, this Treatise pursues a positivistic research approach using quantitative methods of analysis. Factor analysis was conducted using data gathered from an online questionnaire disseminated via e-mail. The sample of this study was selected at random using convenience and snowball sampling. A sample size of n = 858 is used in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were conducted on the data. The primary contribution of this study was the presentation and statistical assessment of an exploratory factor analysis of factors influencing customer experience in South Africa’s grocery retail and banking sectors. This study found that the independent factors of Brand Experience, Service Experience and Post-purchase Experience were all found to have a positive effect on the overall customer experience. In the grocery-retail sector, Post-purchase Experience was found to have a strong positive correlation with customer experience. Brand Experience and Service Experience were strongly correlated with each other as independent factors, but did not demonstrate any practical or statistical significance in relation to the dependent factor, Customer Experience. However, in the banking sector, all of these factors demonstrate positive correlations with Customer Experience that are statistically and practically significant. The model presented in this study identifies the determinants of Customer Experience within both sectors. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMU Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Deep neural networks for robot vision in evolutionary robotics
- Authors: Watt,Nathan
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Evolutionary robotics -- South Africa , Neural networks
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61601 , vital:71473
- Description: Description Advances in electronics manufacturing have made robots and their sensors cheaper and more accessible. Robots can have a variety of sensors, such as touch sensors, distance sensors and cameras. A robot’s controller is the software which interprets its sensors and determines how the robot will behave. The difficulty in programming robot controllers increases with complex robots and complicated tasks, forming a barrier to deploying robots for real-world applications. Robot controllers can be automatically created with Evolutionary Robotics (ER). ER makes use of an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to evolve controllers to complete a particular task. Instead of manually programming controllers, an EA can evolve controllers when provided with the robot’s task. ER has been used to evolve controllers for many different kinds of robots with a variety of sensors, however the use of robots with on-board camera sensors has been limited. The nature of EAs makes evolving a controller for a camera-equipped robot particularly difficult. There are two main challenges which complicate the evolution of vision-based controllers. First, every image from a camera contains a large amount of information, and a controller needs many parameters to receive that information, however it is difficult to evolve controllers with such a large number of parameters using EAs. Second, during the process of evolution, it is necessary to evaluate the fitness of many candidate controllers. This is typically done in simulation, however creating a simulator for a camera sensor is a tedious and timeconsuming task, as building a photo-realistic simulated environment requires handcrafted 3-dimensional models, textures and lighting. Two techniques have been used in previous experiments to overcome the challenges associated with evolving vision-based controllers. Either the controller was provided with extremely low-resolution images, or a task-specific algorithm was used to preprocess the images, only providing the necessary information to the controller. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Watt,Nathan
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Evolutionary robotics -- South Africa , Neural networks
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61601 , vital:71473
- Description: Description Advances in electronics manufacturing have made robots and their sensors cheaper and more accessible. Robots can have a variety of sensors, such as touch sensors, distance sensors and cameras. A robot’s controller is the software which interprets its sensors and determines how the robot will behave. The difficulty in programming robot controllers increases with complex robots and complicated tasks, forming a barrier to deploying robots for real-world applications. Robot controllers can be automatically created with Evolutionary Robotics (ER). ER makes use of an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to evolve controllers to complete a particular task. Instead of manually programming controllers, an EA can evolve controllers when provided with the robot’s task. ER has been used to evolve controllers for many different kinds of robots with a variety of sensors, however the use of robots with on-board camera sensors has been limited. The nature of EAs makes evolving a controller for a camera-equipped robot particularly difficult. There are two main challenges which complicate the evolution of vision-based controllers. First, every image from a camera contains a large amount of information, and a controller needs many parameters to receive that information, however it is difficult to evolve controllers with such a large number of parameters using EAs. Second, during the process of evolution, it is necessary to evaluate the fitness of many candidate controllers. This is typically done in simulation, however creating a simulator for a camera sensor is a tedious and timeconsuming task, as building a photo-realistic simulated environment requires handcrafted 3-dimensional models, textures and lighting. Two techniques have been used in previous experiments to overcome the challenges associated with evolving vision-based controllers. Either the controller was provided with extremely low-resolution images, or a task-specific algorithm was used to preprocess the images, only providing the necessary information to the controller. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Determinants of domestic savings: why Africa is dissaving
- Authors: Ruiters, Caviner Glen
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52966 , vital:44888
- Description: The World Bank has emphasized the role of savings in financing domestic fixed capital formation, technology, education, employment and economic growth. Many African countries have experienced decreased savings and increased current account deficits worsened by the global financial crisis and capital outflows. This study seeks to explore the determinants of savings and determine the savings trend of African countries compared to that of the world. To this end, annual time series data for 20 representative countries from different economic groups were obtained from World Bank Indicators, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Penn World Tables and Integrated Network for Societal Conflict Research (INSCR) database over the period 2000 to 2018. The Panel ARDL/ Pooled Mean Group estimator was used to analyse the data. The main findings were that household variables, capital flow variables, human capital variables, institutional quality variables, financial and other social macroeconomic variables determine savings. Further, the speed of adjustment show causality from the explanatory variables to savings. The use of income and monetary policy dummy variables indicates that there is no difference in determinants of savings for countries with different income groups and monetary policies. It was recommended that African countries invest in education and ICT infrastructure, improve their financial systems and restructure policies on good governance and political stability as this has a significant effect on savings. The study was limited by a lack of time series data for all African countries, therefore, future research involving an increased sample size and variables were recommended. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Ruiters, Caviner Glen
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52966 , vital:44888
- Description: The World Bank has emphasized the role of savings in financing domestic fixed capital formation, technology, education, employment and economic growth. Many African countries have experienced decreased savings and increased current account deficits worsened by the global financial crisis and capital outflows. This study seeks to explore the determinants of savings and determine the savings trend of African countries compared to that of the world. To this end, annual time series data for 20 representative countries from different economic groups were obtained from World Bank Indicators, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Penn World Tables and Integrated Network for Societal Conflict Research (INSCR) database over the period 2000 to 2018. The Panel ARDL/ Pooled Mean Group estimator was used to analyse the data. The main findings were that household variables, capital flow variables, human capital variables, institutional quality variables, financial and other social macroeconomic variables determine savings. Further, the speed of adjustment show causality from the explanatory variables to savings. The use of income and monetary policy dummy variables indicates that there is no difference in determinants of savings for countries with different income groups and monetary policies. It was recommended that African countries invest in education and ICT infrastructure, improve their financial systems and restructure policies on good governance and political stability as this has a significant effect on savings. The study was limited by a lack of time series data for all African countries, therefore, future research involving an increased sample size and variables were recommended. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Disruptive technology in the wool industry: an impact analysis with specific reference to sustainable wool brokers services In South Africa
- Van Niekerk, Christiaan Petrus Jamneck
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Christiaan Petrus Jamneck
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Disruptive technologies , Wool industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53013 , vital:44903
- Description: Significant research has been conducted on the sustainability, productivity, maintenance, improvement and the development of the agricultural sector. For this reason, there is increasingly more technology that is being adapted and used in the agricultural arena. New technology (Disruptive technology) in the wool value chain has the ability to significantly disrupt the typical business models of wool brokers in South Africa, and as a result, key uncertainties exist with regard to its future sustainability. This study investigated the importance of sustainable disruptive technology that is implementable at wool brokers in South Africa. This was done through secondary research, creating a proposed conceptual business framework that would make use of various disruptive technologies such as; digital wool auction, RFID and blockchain technology to enhance interventions that are needed to create sustainability amongst wool brokers in South Africa. The enhanced proposed sustainability is created through by creating socio efficiencies, environmental efficiencies and operational efficiencies in the form of safety, Traceability and Operational efficiencies as Intervening Variables. Questionnaire statements were developed by the researcher from the literature review that was conducted and consulting experts in the field of the agriculture fibre industry and also in the wider sphere of agriculture. The instrument used in this study was used to measure the hypothesised models based on the influence of independent variables of a disruptive nature on the interventions that would allow for the perceived sustainability for wool brokers in South Africa. From the data analysis of the feedback received, a Revised Proposed Framework to enhance the sustainability of Wool Brokers in South Africa using disruptive Technology was created. From the research it is evident that new technology, such as disruptive technology, in the wool value chain has the ability to significantly disrupt the typical business models of wool brokers in South Africa and, as a result, address the demands of the end consumer to ensure the future sustainability of wool brokers. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Nelson Mandela University Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Christiaan Petrus Jamneck
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Disruptive technologies , Wool industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53013 , vital:44903
- Description: Significant research has been conducted on the sustainability, productivity, maintenance, improvement and the development of the agricultural sector. For this reason, there is increasingly more technology that is being adapted and used in the agricultural arena. New technology (Disruptive technology) in the wool value chain has the ability to significantly disrupt the typical business models of wool brokers in South Africa, and as a result, key uncertainties exist with regard to its future sustainability. This study investigated the importance of sustainable disruptive technology that is implementable at wool brokers in South Africa. This was done through secondary research, creating a proposed conceptual business framework that would make use of various disruptive technologies such as; digital wool auction, RFID and blockchain technology to enhance interventions that are needed to create sustainability amongst wool brokers in South Africa. The enhanced proposed sustainability is created through by creating socio efficiencies, environmental efficiencies and operational efficiencies in the form of safety, Traceability and Operational efficiencies as Intervening Variables. Questionnaire statements were developed by the researcher from the literature review that was conducted and consulting experts in the field of the agriculture fibre industry and also in the wider sphere of agriculture. The instrument used in this study was used to measure the hypothesised models based on the influence of independent variables of a disruptive nature on the interventions that would allow for the perceived sustainability for wool brokers in South Africa. From the data analysis of the feedback received, a Revised Proposed Framework to enhance the sustainability of Wool Brokers in South Africa using disruptive Technology was created. From the research it is evident that new technology, such as disruptive technology, in the wool value chain has the ability to significantly disrupt the typical business models of wool brokers in South Africa and, as a result, address the demands of the end consumer to ensure the future sustainability of wool brokers. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Nelson Mandela University Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04