Realistic autonomous fish for virtual reality
- Lobb, Adele, Bangay, Shaun D
- Authors: Lobb, Adele , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433398 , vital:72967 , https://doi.org/10.1145/602330.602361
- Description: We create realistic autonomous fish for Virtual Reality systems. The fish are realistic in appearance, movement and behaviour: the swimming behaviour being non-scripted, within real time rendering.The form of the fish is procedurally created. The size and shape of the form are controlled by a number of variables which are stored in a simple ASCII file. This allows efficient creation of different fish at run time.The behaviour is obtained by implementing a flocking algorithm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Lobb, Adele , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433398 , vital:72967 , https://doi.org/10.1145/602330.602361
- Description: We create realistic autonomous fish for Virtual Reality systems. The fish are realistic in appearance, movement and behaviour: the swimming behaviour being non-scripted, within real time rendering.The form of the fish is procedurally created. The size and shape of the form are controlled by a number of variables which are stored in a simple ASCII file. This allows efficient creation of different fish at run time.The behaviour is obtained by implementing a flocking algorithm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Refining lecturers’ assessment practices through formal professional development at Rhodes University, Grahamstown
- Authors: Sayigh, Elizabeth
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6080 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008584
- Description: In recent years, the so-called Accreditation and Registration of Assessors has given rise to much debate in the Higher Education sector. The idea that anyone assessing student learning should be required to train in order to gain a formal qualification and register as an assessor originated with the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) and was soon challenged within the higher education community. The Study Team appointed to investigate the implementation of the NQF (National Qualifications Framework) in 2001 recommended that registration of assessors should not be required of individuals teaching in the higher education sector if employed by an accredited institution and this recommendation was later accepted by the Department of Education and the Department of Labour in their joint consultative document entitled ‘An Interdependent National Qualifications Framework System’ (Department of Education, Department of Labour 2003). The waiving of the requirement to register assessors has been welcomed within the public higher education sector. But despite this, the need to train and qualify assessors of students’ learning remains important due to the emphasis placed on assessment by the HEQC (Higher Education Quality Committee) in its ‘Criteria for Institutional Audits’ (2004). The central issue has become how higher education institutions are to successfully train lecturers as assessors in higher education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Sayigh, Elizabeth
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6080 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008584
- Description: In recent years, the so-called Accreditation and Registration of Assessors has given rise to much debate in the Higher Education sector. The idea that anyone assessing student learning should be required to train in order to gain a formal qualification and register as an assessor originated with the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) and was soon challenged within the higher education community. The Study Team appointed to investigate the implementation of the NQF (National Qualifications Framework) in 2001 recommended that registration of assessors should not be required of individuals teaching in the higher education sector if employed by an accredited institution and this recommendation was later accepted by the Department of Education and the Department of Labour in their joint consultative document entitled ‘An Interdependent National Qualifications Framework System’ (Department of Education, Department of Labour 2003). The waiving of the requirement to register assessors has been welcomed within the public higher education sector. But despite this, the need to train and qualify assessors of students’ learning remains important due to the emphasis placed on assessment by the HEQC (Higher Education Quality Committee) in its ‘Criteria for Institutional Audits’ (2004). The central issue has become how higher education institutions are to successfully train lecturers as assessors in higher education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Regionalism and conflict resolution in the Horn of Africa : the role of inter-governmental authority on development in the Sudanese civil war
- Authors: Onyango, Moses
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Africa, Northeast -- Politics and government -- 1900-1974 , Africa, Northeast -- Politics and government -- 1974- , Africa, Northeast -- Foreign relations -- 1974- , Federal government -- Africa, Northeast , Sudan -- History -- Civil War, 1955-1972 , Mediation, International , Culture conflict Sudan
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2869 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007715 , Africa, Northeast -- Politics and government -- 1900-1974 , Africa, Northeast -- Politics and government -- 1974- , Africa, Northeast -- Foreign relations -- 1974- , Federal government -- Africa, Northeast , Sudan -- History -- Civil War, 1955-1972 , Mediation, International , Culture conflict Sudan
- Description: This thesis expounds the theoretical underpinnings of problem-solving approach to conflict resolution. It also criticizes the traditional state-centric approach to conflict resolution being followed by the Inter Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in the Sudanese civil war. IGAD was initially known as Inter Governmental Authority on Drought and Desertification (IGADD), but was renamed IGAD in 1996. Its objectives were reformulated to give priority to conflict prevention, resolution, and management, and humanitarian affairs. It is stipulated in the thesis that IGAD faces problems that need attention if the Sudanese civil war is to be resolved. A key problem is that while IGAD's objectives were reformulated to give priority to conflict resolution, IGAD's management structure has remained the same. The management structure is state-centric and lacks neutrality, which is a very important ingredient in deep-rooted social conflict resolution. The management structure, which was initially based on combating drought and desertification, was not restructured to conform to the realities of a problem solving approach to conflict resolution. The committee that was formed to look into the Sudanese conflict is composed of states in dispute with Sudan. The other structural problem cited in the thesis is that the IGAD peace process is cumbersome and does not include all aggrieved parties. The meetings involve heads of state, ministers, ambassadors and other government representatives. The peace process is not inclusive of other important players such as other rebel movements. This thesis concludes that: 1. there is a need for peace keeping forces from neutral African Union (AU) member states; 2. conflict resolution specialists are deployed in the region whose main task would be to assist the belligerent groups to reach a common understanding of their problems; 3. the United Nations (UN) acts proactively to create international awareness to the Sudanese problem.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Onyango, Moses
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Africa, Northeast -- Politics and government -- 1900-1974 , Africa, Northeast -- Politics and government -- 1974- , Africa, Northeast -- Foreign relations -- 1974- , Federal government -- Africa, Northeast , Sudan -- History -- Civil War, 1955-1972 , Mediation, International , Culture conflict Sudan
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2869 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007715 , Africa, Northeast -- Politics and government -- 1900-1974 , Africa, Northeast -- Politics and government -- 1974- , Africa, Northeast -- Foreign relations -- 1974- , Federal government -- Africa, Northeast , Sudan -- History -- Civil War, 1955-1972 , Mediation, International , Culture conflict Sudan
- Description: This thesis expounds the theoretical underpinnings of problem-solving approach to conflict resolution. It also criticizes the traditional state-centric approach to conflict resolution being followed by the Inter Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in the Sudanese civil war. IGAD was initially known as Inter Governmental Authority on Drought and Desertification (IGADD), but was renamed IGAD in 1996. Its objectives were reformulated to give priority to conflict prevention, resolution, and management, and humanitarian affairs. It is stipulated in the thesis that IGAD faces problems that need attention if the Sudanese civil war is to be resolved. A key problem is that while IGAD's objectives were reformulated to give priority to conflict resolution, IGAD's management structure has remained the same. The management structure is state-centric and lacks neutrality, which is a very important ingredient in deep-rooted social conflict resolution. The management structure, which was initially based on combating drought and desertification, was not restructured to conform to the realities of a problem solving approach to conflict resolution. The committee that was formed to look into the Sudanese conflict is composed of states in dispute with Sudan. The other structural problem cited in the thesis is that the IGAD peace process is cumbersome and does not include all aggrieved parties. The meetings involve heads of state, ministers, ambassadors and other government representatives. The peace process is not inclusive of other important players such as other rebel movements. This thesis concludes that: 1. there is a need for peace keeping forces from neutral African Union (AU) member states; 2. conflict resolution specialists are deployed in the region whose main task would be to assist the belligerent groups to reach a common understanding of their problems; 3. the United Nations (UN) acts proactively to create international awareness to the Sudanese problem.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Rendering optimisations for stylised sketching
- Winnemöller, Holger, Bangay, Shaun D
- Authors: Winnemöller, Holger , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432922 , vital:72913 , https://doi.org/10.1145/602330.602353
- Description: We present work that specifically pertains to the rendering stage of stylised, non-photorealistic sketching. While a substantial body of work has been published on geometric optimisations, surface topologies, space-algorithms and natural media simulation, rendering-specific issues are rarely discussed in-depth even though they are often acknowledged. We investigate the most common stylised sketching approaches and identify possible rendering optimisations. In particular, we define uncertainty-functions, which are used to describe a human-error component, discuss how these pertain to geometric perturbation and textured silhouette sketching and explain how they can be cached to improve performance. Temporal coherence, which poses a problem for textured silhouette sketching, is addressed by means of an easily computed visibility-function. Lastly, we produce an effective yet surprisingly simple solution to seamless hatching, which commonly presents a large computational overhead, by using 3-D textures in a novel fashion. All our optimisations are cost-effective, easy to implement and work in conjunction with most existing algorithms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Winnemöller, Holger , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432922 , vital:72913 , https://doi.org/10.1145/602330.602353
- Description: We present work that specifically pertains to the rendering stage of stylised, non-photorealistic sketching. While a substantial body of work has been published on geometric optimisations, surface topologies, space-algorithms and natural media simulation, rendering-specific issues are rarely discussed in-depth even though they are often acknowledged. We investigate the most common stylised sketching approaches and identify possible rendering optimisations. In particular, we define uncertainty-functions, which are used to describe a human-error component, discuss how these pertain to geometric perturbation and textured silhouette sketching and explain how they can be cached to improve performance. Temporal coherence, which poses a problem for textured silhouette sketching, is addressed by means of an easily computed visibility-function. Lastly, we produce an effective yet surprisingly simple solution to seamless hatching, which commonly presents a large computational overhead, by using 3-D textures in a novel fashion. All our optimisations are cost-effective, easy to implement and work in conjunction with most existing algorithms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Review and development of environmental interpretation resources to foster environmental learning in two Kenyan schools
- Authors: Atiti, Abel Barasa
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Environmental education -- Kenya Environmental education -- Kenya -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1743 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003627
- Description: This participatory action research study involved a group of teachers in transforming school grounds into interpretation resources. Approached from a critical perspective, it challenged the conventional top-down approaches to interpretation resources and materials development. Through a teacher-centred approach, a school-based ‘botanic garden’ and ‘arboretum’ were developed at Samaj and Kenya High respectively. Teachers were further actively engaged in developing a variety of interpretive materials that might engage learners in socially critical environmental education processes at the transformed sites. A process in which educators from five non-formal education organisations shared their skills and knowledge on environmental interpretation with teachers preceded the development of interpretation resources and materials. Drawing on Latour (1999), I have applied the notion of mobilising interpretive capital when describing this process. Interpretive capital within the non-formal education sector was mobilised and made available through social interactions between teachers and non-formal educators. This occurred during workshops, organisational visits and critical reviews of a sample of interpretive materials. I provide insights into how the interpretive capital was mobilised and later drawn on by teachers during the development processes in their schools. This study argues that mobilising interpretive capital with teachers through partnerships can enhance the transformation of school grounds to foster environmental learning. It shows how attempts to find solutions with teachers were made in response to pedagogical and curriculum tensions that arise around the implementation of environmental education processes in their schools. To provide orientation in environmental education processes in schools, analyses of socially critical environmental education processes and a review of theoretical perspectives on interpretation as an environmental education process are presented. I have viewed interpretation and environmental education as reciprocally necessary aspects for enabling the development of critical environmental literacy and action competence. To explain this view, the notion of environmental interpretation and education processes has been applied and presented in this study. Finally, practical outcomes of the study on transformation of school grounds, improved education practice, enhanced professional competencies amongst teachers, new interpretive materials in schools and the establishment of partnerships are examined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Atiti, Abel Barasa
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Environmental education -- Kenya Environmental education -- Kenya -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1743 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003627
- Description: This participatory action research study involved a group of teachers in transforming school grounds into interpretation resources. Approached from a critical perspective, it challenged the conventional top-down approaches to interpretation resources and materials development. Through a teacher-centred approach, a school-based ‘botanic garden’ and ‘arboretum’ were developed at Samaj and Kenya High respectively. Teachers were further actively engaged in developing a variety of interpretive materials that might engage learners in socially critical environmental education processes at the transformed sites. A process in which educators from five non-formal education organisations shared their skills and knowledge on environmental interpretation with teachers preceded the development of interpretation resources and materials. Drawing on Latour (1999), I have applied the notion of mobilising interpretive capital when describing this process. Interpretive capital within the non-formal education sector was mobilised and made available through social interactions between teachers and non-formal educators. This occurred during workshops, organisational visits and critical reviews of a sample of interpretive materials. I provide insights into how the interpretive capital was mobilised and later drawn on by teachers during the development processes in their schools. This study argues that mobilising interpretive capital with teachers through partnerships can enhance the transformation of school grounds to foster environmental learning. It shows how attempts to find solutions with teachers were made in response to pedagogical and curriculum tensions that arise around the implementation of environmental education processes in their schools. To provide orientation in environmental education processes in schools, analyses of socially critical environmental education processes and a review of theoretical perspectives on interpretation as an environmental education process are presented. I have viewed interpretation and environmental education as reciprocally necessary aspects for enabling the development of critical environmental literacy and action competence. To explain this view, the notion of environmental interpretation and education processes has been applied and presented in this study. Finally, practical outcomes of the study on transformation of school grounds, improved education practice, enhanced professional competencies amongst teachers, new interpretive materials in schools and the establishment of partnerships are examined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Review of South African research on volcanic and related rocks and mantle-derived materials : 1999-2002
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6737 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007550
- Description: This report reviews South African research relating to the scientific interests of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) and which was published between 1999 and 2002. The focus is on published work and does not include conference presentations and abstract volumes or other informal documents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6737 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007550
- Description: This report reviews South African research relating to the scientific interests of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) and which was published between 1999 and 2002. The focus is on published work and does not include conference presentations and abstract volumes or other informal documents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Review of the Cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) of the Red Sea
- Authors: Gon, Ofer , Randall, John E
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7150 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011853
- Description: Twelve genera and 54 species of cardinalfishes are reported from the Red Sea. The Red Sea cardinalfishes include: Apogon annularis Rüppell, A. apogonides (Bleeker), Apogon bryx Fraser, A. campbelli Smith, A. coccineus Rüppell, A. cookii Macleay, A. cyanosoma Bleeker, A. erythrosoma n. sp., A. exostigma (Jordan & Starks), A. fleurieu (Lacepède), A. fraenatus Valenciennes, A. guamensis Valenciennes, A. gularis Fraser & Lachner, A. heptastygma Cuvier, A. isus Randall & Böhlke, A. kallopterus Bleeker, A. leptacanthus Bleeker, A. multitaeniatus Cuvier, A. nigrofasciatus Lachner, A. pharaonis Bellotti, A. pselion Randall, Fraser & Lachner, A. pseudotaeniatus Gon, A. quadrifasciatus Cuvier, A. queketti Gilchrist, A. semiornatus Peters, A. smithi (Kotthaus), A. spilurus Regan, A. taeniatus Cuvier, A. talboti Smith, A. timorensis Bleeker, A. zebrinus Fraser, Randall & Lachner, Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker, Archamia bilineata Gon & Randall, Archamia fucata (Cantor), Archamia lineolata (Cuvier), Cercamia eremia (Allen), Cheilodipterus lachneri Klausewitz, C. lineatus (Forsskål), C. macrodon LacepPde, C. novemstriatus (Rüppell), C. pygmaios Gon, C. quinquelineatus Cuvier, Foa fo Jordan & Seale, Fowleria aurita (Valenciennes), F. marmorata (Alleyne & Macleay), F. vaiulae (Jordan & Seale), F. variegata (Valenciennes), Neamia octospina Smith & Radcliffe, Pseudamia gelatinosa Smith, Rhabdamia cypselura Weber, R. nigrimentum (Smith), R. spilota Allen & Kuiter, Siphamia permutata Klausewitz, and Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier). Twelve (22%) of the apogonid species are endemic. Seven species, i.e. Apogon apogonides, A. campbelli, A. erythrosoma, A. talboti, Foa fo, Rhabdamia spilota and Sphaeramia orbicularis, are new to the Red Sea. Apogon coccineus of previous authors is a complex of three species, including campbelli Smith and erythrosoma n. sp. The dark-striped species of Apogon of the Red Sea previously identified as angustatus, endekataenia, fasciatus, or novemfasciatus are cookii and nigrofasciatus. Red Sea apogonids identified by previous authors as Apogon bandanensis, monochrous, nubilus and savayensis, are guamensis and zebrinus. Apogon micromaculatus Kotthaus is A. spilurus Regan. The specimen of Apogon kiensis reported by Smith (1961) from the Red Sea is A. bryx, recently described from the Philippines. In the genus Fowleria, polystigma (Bleeker) and punctulata (Rüppell) are junior synonyms of variegata (Valenciennes). F. abocellata Goren & Karplus is a junior synonym of vaiulae (Jordan & Seale), and isostigma (Jordan & Seale) does not occur in the Red Sea. Apogon cupreus and A. latus, both of Cuvier, are unidentifiable. A. hyalosoma and A. taeniophorus are doubtful records.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Gon, Ofer , Randall, John E
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7150 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011853
- Description: Twelve genera and 54 species of cardinalfishes are reported from the Red Sea. The Red Sea cardinalfishes include: Apogon annularis Rüppell, A. apogonides (Bleeker), Apogon bryx Fraser, A. campbelli Smith, A. coccineus Rüppell, A. cookii Macleay, A. cyanosoma Bleeker, A. erythrosoma n. sp., A. exostigma (Jordan & Starks), A. fleurieu (Lacepède), A. fraenatus Valenciennes, A. guamensis Valenciennes, A. gularis Fraser & Lachner, A. heptastygma Cuvier, A. isus Randall & Böhlke, A. kallopterus Bleeker, A. leptacanthus Bleeker, A. multitaeniatus Cuvier, A. nigrofasciatus Lachner, A. pharaonis Bellotti, A. pselion Randall, Fraser & Lachner, A. pseudotaeniatus Gon, A. quadrifasciatus Cuvier, A. queketti Gilchrist, A. semiornatus Peters, A. smithi (Kotthaus), A. spilurus Regan, A. taeniatus Cuvier, A. talboti Smith, A. timorensis Bleeker, A. zebrinus Fraser, Randall & Lachner, Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker, Archamia bilineata Gon & Randall, Archamia fucata (Cantor), Archamia lineolata (Cuvier), Cercamia eremia (Allen), Cheilodipterus lachneri Klausewitz, C. lineatus (Forsskål), C. macrodon LacepPde, C. novemstriatus (Rüppell), C. pygmaios Gon, C. quinquelineatus Cuvier, Foa fo Jordan & Seale, Fowleria aurita (Valenciennes), F. marmorata (Alleyne & Macleay), F. vaiulae (Jordan & Seale), F. variegata (Valenciennes), Neamia octospina Smith & Radcliffe, Pseudamia gelatinosa Smith, Rhabdamia cypselura Weber, R. nigrimentum (Smith), R. spilota Allen & Kuiter, Siphamia permutata Klausewitz, and Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier). Twelve (22%) of the apogonid species are endemic. Seven species, i.e. Apogon apogonides, A. campbelli, A. erythrosoma, A. talboti, Foa fo, Rhabdamia spilota and Sphaeramia orbicularis, are new to the Red Sea. Apogon coccineus of previous authors is a complex of three species, including campbelli Smith and erythrosoma n. sp. The dark-striped species of Apogon of the Red Sea previously identified as angustatus, endekataenia, fasciatus, or novemfasciatus are cookii and nigrofasciatus. Red Sea apogonids identified by previous authors as Apogon bandanensis, monochrous, nubilus and savayensis, are guamensis and zebrinus. Apogon micromaculatus Kotthaus is A. spilurus Regan. The specimen of Apogon kiensis reported by Smith (1961) from the Red Sea is A. bryx, recently described from the Philippines. In the genus Fowleria, polystigma (Bleeker) and punctulata (Rüppell) are junior synonyms of variegata (Valenciennes). F. abocellata Goren & Karplus is a junior synonym of vaiulae (Jordan & Seale), and isostigma (Jordan & Seale) does not occur in the Red Sea. Apogon cupreus and A. latus, both of Cuvier, are unidentifiable. A. hyalosoma and A. taeniophorus are doubtful records.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Revised Schools and Sustainability Pack offers Curriculum Support
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/389852 , vital:68489 , xlink:href="https://eeasa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Bulletin_vol24-_March-2003.pdf"
- Description: Since the mid 1990s, the School Environmental Policy and Management Plan (SEP) Pack has supported educators in developing a whole-school environmental policy. This year, Share-Net has updated the pack in line with the South African revised National Curriculum and the National Environmental Education Programme (NEEP).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/389852 , vital:68489 , xlink:href="https://eeasa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Bulletin_vol24-_March-2003.pdf"
- Description: Since the mid 1990s, the School Environmental Policy and Management Plan (SEP) Pack has supported educators in developing a whole-school environmental policy. This year, Share-Net has updated the pack in line with the South African revised National Curriculum and the National Environmental Education Programme (NEEP).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Revision of the genus Xiphoscelis Burmeister 1842 (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Cetoniinae), with description of two new species and notes on its phylogeny and ecology
- Perissinotto, Renzo, Villet, Martin H, Stobbia, P
- Authors: Perissinotto, Renzo , Villet, Martin H , Stobbia, P
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442293 , vital:73973 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2003.10531184
- Description: Recent field work has shown that the genus Xiphoscelis Burmeister 1842 contains at least three species. The type species is re-described, and two new species are described, based on adult morphology. The distribution of all three Xiphoscelis species is mapped, and a phylogeny is proposed for the genus. Ecological data are presented and discussed in the context of the previously-reported association of members of this genus with termites.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Perissinotto, Renzo , Villet, Martin H , Stobbia, P
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442293 , vital:73973 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2003.10531184
- Description: Recent field work has shown that the genus Xiphoscelis Burmeister 1842 contains at least three species. The type species is re-described, and two new species are described, based on adult morphology. The distribution of all three Xiphoscelis species is mapped, and a phylogeny is proposed for the genus. Ecological data are presented and discussed in the context of the previously-reported association of members of this genus with termites.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 2003
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8144 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007264
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies [at] 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 11 April 2003 at 10:30; 14:30 & 18:00 [and] Saturday, 12 April at 10:30 , Graduation Ceremony Christian Centre, Wyse Street, East London Friday, 9 May 2003 at 18:00 [and] Saturday, 10 May 2003 at 10:30
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8144 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007264
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies [at] 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 11 April 2003 at 10:30; 14:30 & 18:00 [and] Saturday, 12 April at 10:30 , Graduation Ceremony Christian Centre, Wyse Street, East London Friday, 9 May 2003 at 18:00 [and] Saturday, 10 May 2003 at 10:30
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Rhodes University Research Report 2003
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011947
- Description: [From Preface and Introduction] The core business of a university is teaching and research and Rhodes has excelled in both. Our success in research is also exemplified by the graduation in April of 39 PhD and 111 Masters students. Postgraduate throughput together with research outputs will play a crucial role in the new funding formula for determining Government subsidy to Institutions. In assessing the research output of universities it is important, for comparative purposes, that this is done in relation to the size of an institution. Currently this research output, per size or per capita, is calculated by dividing the research publication output by either the audited FTE’s (i.e. number of students) or the state subsidy, which is largely based on the size of the university. These calculations show that Rhodes has had the best research output per capita for the previous four years. I would like to congratulate the members of staff and postgraduates, particularly in those Departments that are consistently increasing or maintaining their research output, for their contribution to the research effort of the university. I am aware that the research contributions mentioned in this report have been made amidst many demands such as increased student numbers and a very competitive funding environment, to name a few. Asa result of positive feedback received this year we have maintained the layout and format of the first formal research report published in 2002 Please note that each Department’s/Faculty’s highlights section are as provided by the Head of Department as are the research outputs produced. The table of provisional subsidy units earned by each Department/Faculty have been included as there is often a misconception that one journal article equates to one subsidy unit. This is the case if all the authors are from Rhodes University but where articles are jointly published, a pro-rata share is calculated. Likewise due to the complex funding formula used by the Department of Education, the total research outputs produced do not equate directly to the subsidisable units. Please note that "in press" articles in 2002 but published in 2003 have already been claimed in 2002 and hence do not appear in the table but are recorded in the report. Articles that have been submitted for possible publication have not been included in the table nor the report as it is not possible to prove if the articles had been accepted for publication by the time our submission to the Department of Education was audited. Also please note that subsidy units earned for book/chapter/patent/conference proceedings publications are not included in the subsidy unit tables since we receive no feedback from the Department of Education in terms of which books/chapters/patents/proceedings are finally accepted for subsidy purposes each year. Only a small fraction of such books, chapters, patents and proceedings which are submitted actually receive subsidy. I would like to stress the need to publish in subsidy earning journals and to submit accurate information so that the University can claim as many units as possible. The total audited (but not yet awarded) publication subsidy units for journal articles which have been submitted to the Department of Education for 2003 is 180.56 units. This is some 26.08 units down on our 2002 submission and is of concern. Of this figure, publications in current non-subsidy earning journals in 2003 amounted to 5.5 units. These have been forwarded to the Department of Education for consideration for subsidy purposes. Despite the decrease in publication outputs in 2003, postgraduate student graduation, particularly PhD’s, was encouragingly high in 2003 and in general it was once again a highly successful year for research at Rhodes. I would therefore like to add my congratulations to that of the Vice-Chancellor to all staff and postgraduate students for their research efforts in 2003.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011947
- Description: [From Preface and Introduction] The core business of a university is teaching and research and Rhodes has excelled in both. Our success in research is also exemplified by the graduation in April of 39 PhD and 111 Masters students. Postgraduate throughput together with research outputs will play a crucial role in the new funding formula for determining Government subsidy to Institutions. In assessing the research output of universities it is important, for comparative purposes, that this is done in relation to the size of an institution. Currently this research output, per size or per capita, is calculated by dividing the research publication output by either the audited FTE’s (i.e. number of students) or the state subsidy, which is largely based on the size of the university. These calculations show that Rhodes has had the best research output per capita for the previous four years. I would like to congratulate the members of staff and postgraduates, particularly in those Departments that are consistently increasing or maintaining their research output, for their contribution to the research effort of the university. I am aware that the research contributions mentioned in this report have been made amidst many demands such as increased student numbers and a very competitive funding environment, to name a few. Asa result of positive feedback received this year we have maintained the layout and format of the first formal research report published in 2002 Please note that each Department’s/Faculty’s highlights section are as provided by the Head of Department as are the research outputs produced. The table of provisional subsidy units earned by each Department/Faculty have been included as there is often a misconception that one journal article equates to one subsidy unit. This is the case if all the authors are from Rhodes University but where articles are jointly published, a pro-rata share is calculated. Likewise due to the complex funding formula used by the Department of Education, the total research outputs produced do not equate directly to the subsidisable units. Please note that "in press" articles in 2002 but published in 2003 have already been claimed in 2002 and hence do not appear in the table but are recorded in the report. Articles that have been submitted for possible publication have not been included in the table nor the report as it is not possible to prove if the articles had been accepted for publication by the time our submission to the Department of Education was audited. Also please note that subsidy units earned for book/chapter/patent/conference proceedings publications are not included in the subsidy unit tables since we receive no feedback from the Department of Education in terms of which books/chapters/patents/proceedings are finally accepted for subsidy purposes each year. Only a small fraction of such books, chapters, patents and proceedings which are submitted actually receive subsidy. I would like to stress the need to publish in subsidy earning journals and to submit accurate information so that the University can claim as many units as possible. The total audited (but not yet awarded) publication subsidy units for journal articles which have been submitted to the Department of Education for 2003 is 180.56 units. This is some 26.08 units down on our 2002 submission and is of concern. Of this figure, publications in current non-subsidy earning journals in 2003 amounted to 5.5 units. These have been forwarded to the Department of Education for consideration for subsidy purposes. Despite the decrease in publication outputs in 2003, postgraduate student graduation, particularly PhD’s, was encouragingly high in 2003 and in general it was once again a highly successful year for research at Rhodes. I would therefore like to add my congratulations to that of the Vice-Chancellor to all staff and postgraduate students for their research efforts in 2003.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Rights to reality - the right to social security, with particular emphasis on the legal resources centre's welfare project in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Delany, Mairéad Christine
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:21027 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6052
- Description: This research addresses the question of whether the courts have been used effectively to enforce the right to social security in the Eastern Cape. The nature of the right to social security is discussed and placed in the context of constitutional developments in South Africa and South Africa's obligations in terms of international law. The enforcement of socio-economic rights and legislation regarding social assistance is also discussed in detail, along with the problems associated with the social security system such as the gaps in the system, the impact of HIV / AIDS and the problems created by the amalgamation of various administrations. The history of the Legal Resources Centre, a non-governmental organisation which has been involved in public interest law for twenty four years, is detailed. The Grahamstown office's litigation campaign against the Eastern Cape Department of Welfare is then discussed and six landmark cases are analysed in detail. A discussion of the jurisprudential significance and impact of each case on the development of South African administrative and constitutional law follows. A series of stories reported in the press illustrate the human aspect of the campaign and balance the legal argument. These stories may suggest that the Constitution's commitment to social justice and the government's commitment to the principles of Batho Pete are merely noble ideals for many people in the province, but it is argued that the LRC's campaign has made a vast contribution towards making these ideals a reality on the ground. The expert opinions of various groups interviewed during the course of this research regarding the impact of the LRC's litigation campaign are discussed, and the conclusion is drawn that it has indeed had a positive effect. They include paralegals at Advice Offices around the province, legal practitioners from the LRC, a private legal practitioner, several representatives of the Black Sash, a former MEC for Health and Welfare in the Eastern Cape Provincial Government, an official from the Department, and a leader of the Anglican Church in the province. In conclusion it is submitted that, but for the LRC's litigation campaign, the situation in the Eastern Cape would not have improved to the extent it has and may even have deteriorated further. Furthermore, it is submitted that as a result of the litigation campaign, the right to social security, and particularly the right to social assistance, is more accessible and more of a reality on the ground.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Delany, Mairéad Christine
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:21027 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6052
- Description: This research addresses the question of whether the courts have been used effectively to enforce the right to social security in the Eastern Cape. The nature of the right to social security is discussed and placed in the context of constitutional developments in South Africa and South Africa's obligations in terms of international law. The enforcement of socio-economic rights and legislation regarding social assistance is also discussed in detail, along with the problems associated with the social security system such as the gaps in the system, the impact of HIV / AIDS and the problems created by the amalgamation of various administrations. The history of the Legal Resources Centre, a non-governmental organisation which has been involved in public interest law for twenty four years, is detailed. The Grahamstown office's litigation campaign against the Eastern Cape Department of Welfare is then discussed and six landmark cases are analysed in detail. A discussion of the jurisprudential significance and impact of each case on the development of South African administrative and constitutional law follows. A series of stories reported in the press illustrate the human aspect of the campaign and balance the legal argument. These stories may suggest that the Constitution's commitment to social justice and the government's commitment to the principles of Batho Pete are merely noble ideals for many people in the province, but it is argued that the LRC's campaign has made a vast contribution towards making these ideals a reality on the ground. The expert opinions of various groups interviewed during the course of this research regarding the impact of the LRC's litigation campaign are discussed, and the conclusion is drawn that it has indeed had a positive effect. They include paralegals at Advice Offices around the province, legal practitioners from the LRC, a private legal practitioner, several representatives of the Black Sash, a former MEC for Health and Welfare in the Eastern Cape Provincial Government, an official from the Department, and a leader of the Anglican Church in the province. In conclusion it is submitted that, but for the LRC's litigation campaign, the situation in the Eastern Cape would not have improved to the extent it has and may even have deteriorated further. Furthermore, it is submitted that as a result of the litigation campaign, the right to social security, and particularly the right to social assistance, is more accessible and more of a reality on the ground.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Riverine macroinvertebrate responses to chlorine and chlorinated sewage effluents-Acute chlorine tolerances of Baetis harrisoni (Ephemeroptera) from two rivers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Williams, M L, Palmer, Carolyn G, Gordon, Andrew K
- Authors: Williams, M L , Palmer, Carolyn G , Gordon, Andrew K
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , report
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437990 , vital:73427 , ISBN 0378-4738 , https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/WaterSA_2003_04_19.pdf
- Description: Chlorine is widely used in South African sewage treatment works, and despite its volatility is likely to have a considerable impact on riverine ecosystems. This paper considers the results of acute (96 h) toxicity responses to chlorine of riverine mayfly nymphs Baetis harrisoni col-lected from the small, relatively uncontaminated suburban Westville Stream, KwaZulu-Natal and from the more severely impacted Umbilo River, which flows through the industrial area of Pinetown, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Williams, M L , Palmer, Carolyn G , Gordon, Andrew K
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , report
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437990 , vital:73427 , ISBN 0378-4738 , https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/WaterSA_2003_04_19.pdf
- Description: Chlorine is widely used in South African sewage treatment works, and despite its volatility is likely to have a considerable impact on riverine ecosystems. This paper considers the results of acute (96 h) toxicity responses to chlorine of riverine mayfly nymphs Baetis harrisoni col-lected from the small, relatively uncontaminated suburban Westville Stream, KwaZulu-Natal and from the more severely impacted Umbilo River, which flows through the industrial area of Pinetown, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Sandy beach morphodynamics and macrobenthic communities in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions : a macroecological approach
- Authors: Soares, Alexandre Goulart
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Seashore ecology , Intertidal ecology , Benthos
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:11077 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/293 , Seashore ecology , Intertidal ecology , Benthos
- Description: A comprehensive study involving 52 microtidal beaches spanning from reflective to dissipative states and located in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans was carried out to unravel the relative roles of latitude and beach morphodynamics in determining beach macrobenthic species richness, abundance, biomass and mean individual body sizes. Since beach slope is one of the most important factors controlling beach fauna, a model based on beach geometry was applied to the sub-aerial beach deposit to understand the role of physical factors in predicting equilibrium beach slopes. Additionally, it was tested if the occurrence of beach types is related to latitude, and how physical factors change with morphodynamics and latitude. The beach morphometric model makes three assumptions: 1) that the cross-section of a beach deposit is equivalent to a right-angled triangle, 2) that the physical hydrodynamic factors (wave height and spring tide amplitude) and the beach deposit characteristics (sand grain size, beach slope and width) are interchangeable with their geometric counterparts producing an equation to explain beach geometry, and 3) that the predicted beach slope is in equilibrium with the hydrodynamic and sedimentological forces. The equation for predicting beach slope was derived and then tested against field data collected over 52 beaches. The predicted slopes were not significantly different from the observed slopes of the studied natural beaches. However some estimated slopes were different than observed ones. Possible sources of deviation between calculated and observed slopes may be the systematic sampling errors associated with field data. Alternatively, observed slopes could be the result of past hydrodynamic conditions, explaining the differences with the slopes calculated by the beach morphometric model, which assumes a state of equilibrium between beach slope and hydrodynamic conditions. A higher correlation of beach faunal structure with observed slopes rather than with present hydrodynamic conditions could then be indicative of faunal responses to previous hydrodynamic conditions in the same way was the observed slopes. The beach morphometric model could therefore be also useful in predicting faunal responses to changing hydrodynamic conditions. Since the model does not consider wave period, it is concluded that further tests should be done using laboratory and time-series field data and incorporating the role of wave period and beach permeability to ascertain its predictive value. Tropical regions had significantly more beaches in a reflective state than temperate and subtropical regions. Some tropical beaches were fronted by coral reefs, which not only provided coarse carbonate particles, but also additionally dissipated the low wave energy present in these climatic areas. Only one dissipative beach with high energy was found in the tropics, in southeast Madagascar. Temperate and subtropical regions, on the other hand, were dominated by dissipative beaches with medium to fine sands. Open oceanic reflective beaches were non-existent in the subtropics and rare in temperate regions, only occurring in estuaries, enclosed bays or on islands facing the continent. Intermediate beaches were more common in the subtropics but also occurred frequently in the other two regions, having higher energy in temperate regions. Reflective beaches had significantly steeper slopes, coarser sands, smaller waves and shorter swash lengths when compared to dissipative beaches. Additionally, reflective beaches were narrower, had deeper water tables and in consequence shorter saturation zones. Wave periods and surfzone widths were on average larger on dissipative than on reflective beaches. The frequency of occurrence of beach types is therefore related to the climatic signature of each latitude. Mid latitudes would be predicted to have more dissipative beaches with large and long waves because of their proximity to the storm generating belt around 50-60° S - these beaches will have a predominantly finer sands because of the input by rivers in rainy areas. Lower latitudes will have more reflective beaches due to a modal low energy wave climate and also because of the presence of inshore and offshore biotic structures such as coral reefs that dissipate even more the energy from the waves. Tropical and subtropical regions had larger marine species pools than temperate regions. After controlling for biogeographical differences in total species pool, dissipative beaches were on average significantly richer than intermediate and reflective beaches. Crustaceans were also more diverse on dissipative beaches, this difference being not significant for either molluscs or polychaetes. Significant relationships were found between total beach species richness (with or without terrestrial species), crustacean and mollusc species richness with beach morphodynamics as represented by the Dean’s index. Indices incorporating the role of tide, such as BSI, were less important in predicting species richness on the microtidal beaches studied here. Several other physical factors were also significantly correlated with species richness, the most important being the Beach Deposit Index, i.e. BDI, a composite index of beach slope and grain size. The highest correlation was between BDI and relative species richness, i.e. local beach species richness / regional species richness. Total regional marine species richness was higher in Madagascar and North Brazil (tropical beaches) than in Southeast Brazil (subtropical), or the West Coast of South Africa and South-Central Chile (temperate beaches). Not only was the pool of species capable of colonizing beaches richer in tropical and subtropical regions, but also local diversity of each morphodynamic beach type was higher among tropical beaches than their temperate counterparts. Although the results of this study agree with the predictions of the swash exclusion hypotheses, several reflective and intermediate beaches had higher species richness than predicted before and this seems to be linked to the presence of finer sediments and a less turbulent flow for larvae to settle. It is concluded that beach species richness is not necessarily controlled by one major morphodynamic parameter; this control is complex and probably involves multiple interacting biotic (biological interactions) and abiotic (e.g. grain size, wave height, beach slope and width, water table) factors. Species richness seems to be controlled on two different scales: on an evolutionary one where tropical and subtropical regions have higher regional and local diversity due to higher speciation rates; and on an ecological scale, where fine grained sand beaches have their carrying capacity enhanced by higher larval settlement rates and survival of recruits towards adulthood. On average dissipative beaches had higher total densities and macrofaunal abundances than reflective ones. Crustaceans, terrestrial species and cirolanid isopods such as Excirolana spp. were also more abundant on dissipative beaches. The difference was not significant for molluscs and polychaetes. Significant relationships were found between total abundance, crustacean species richness and beach morphodynamics as represented by the Dean’s index. Again, BSI was less important than individual physical factors in determining faunal abundance on the studied microtidal beaches. Several other physical factors were also significantly correlated with abundance, the most important being the Beach Deposit Index (BDI). The highest correlation was between BDI and total macrofaunal abundance. Factors related to surf zone processes, and possibly productivity, were highly correlated with total community, crustaceans, Excirolana spp. and terrestrial species abundances. The abundances of polychaetes and molluscs were better correlated with factors related to the beach deposit (BDI, slope, grain size and water table depth). Significant differences were observed between latitudinal regions for the average beach and also for each beach type. In general temperate beaches harboured larger community densities and abundances, and also crustacean, Excirolana spp. and terrestrial abundances. Mollusc and polychaete abundances were larger on subtropical and tropical beaches. The control of abundance on a sandy beach is complex and involves multifactorial processes at evolutionary and ecological scales. At evolutionary scales animals seem to attain higher abundances in the region where they first evolved, e.g. amphipods and isopods in temperate regions. At ecological scales they attain higher abundances where productivity is higher (total macrofaunal, crustaceans, Excirolana spp., terrestrial spp.) or where the settlement environment is more benign (molluscs and polychaetes). Dissipative beaches supported larger average and total community biomass than reflective beaches. Crustaceans, terrestrial species and cirolanid isopods such as Excirolana spp. also had larger biomass on dissipative beaches. The difference was not significant for molluscs and polychaetes. Significant relationships were found between the biomass of community and taxonomic groups with beach morphodynamics as represented by the Dean’s morphodynamic index. On the microtidal beaches studied here, BSI was less important than other morphodynamic indices and single physical factors in determining faunal biomass and mean individual body size. Surf zone characteristics such as wave height, period and surf zone width had the highest correlations with community, crustacean.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Soares, Alexandre Goulart
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Seashore ecology , Intertidal ecology , Benthos
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:11077 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/293 , Seashore ecology , Intertidal ecology , Benthos
- Description: A comprehensive study involving 52 microtidal beaches spanning from reflective to dissipative states and located in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans was carried out to unravel the relative roles of latitude and beach morphodynamics in determining beach macrobenthic species richness, abundance, biomass and mean individual body sizes. Since beach slope is one of the most important factors controlling beach fauna, a model based on beach geometry was applied to the sub-aerial beach deposit to understand the role of physical factors in predicting equilibrium beach slopes. Additionally, it was tested if the occurrence of beach types is related to latitude, and how physical factors change with morphodynamics and latitude. The beach morphometric model makes three assumptions: 1) that the cross-section of a beach deposit is equivalent to a right-angled triangle, 2) that the physical hydrodynamic factors (wave height and spring tide amplitude) and the beach deposit characteristics (sand grain size, beach slope and width) are interchangeable with their geometric counterparts producing an equation to explain beach geometry, and 3) that the predicted beach slope is in equilibrium with the hydrodynamic and sedimentological forces. The equation for predicting beach slope was derived and then tested against field data collected over 52 beaches. The predicted slopes were not significantly different from the observed slopes of the studied natural beaches. However some estimated slopes were different than observed ones. Possible sources of deviation between calculated and observed slopes may be the systematic sampling errors associated with field data. Alternatively, observed slopes could be the result of past hydrodynamic conditions, explaining the differences with the slopes calculated by the beach morphometric model, which assumes a state of equilibrium between beach slope and hydrodynamic conditions. A higher correlation of beach faunal structure with observed slopes rather than with present hydrodynamic conditions could then be indicative of faunal responses to previous hydrodynamic conditions in the same way was the observed slopes. The beach morphometric model could therefore be also useful in predicting faunal responses to changing hydrodynamic conditions. Since the model does not consider wave period, it is concluded that further tests should be done using laboratory and time-series field data and incorporating the role of wave period and beach permeability to ascertain its predictive value. Tropical regions had significantly more beaches in a reflective state than temperate and subtropical regions. Some tropical beaches were fronted by coral reefs, which not only provided coarse carbonate particles, but also additionally dissipated the low wave energy present in these climatic areas. Only one dissipative beach with high energy was found in the tropics, in southeast Madagascar. Temperate and subtropical regions, on the other hand, were dominated by dissipative beaches with medium to fine sands. Open oceanic reflective beaches were non-existent in the subtropics and rare in temperate regions, only occurring in estuaries, enclosed bays or on islands facing the continent. Intermediate beaches were more common in the subtropics but also occurred frequently in the other two regions, having higher energy in temperate regions. Reflective beaches had significantly steeper slopes, coarser sands, smaller waves and shorter swash lengths when compared to dissipative beaches. Additionally, reflective beaches were narrower, had deeper water tables and in consequence shorter saturation zones. Wave periods and surfzone widths were on average larger on dissipative than on reflective beaches. The frequency of occurrence of beach types is therefore related to the climatic signature of each latitude. Mid latitudes would be predicted to have more dissipative beaches with large and long waves because of their proximity to the storm generating belt around 50-60° S - these beaches will have a predominantly finer sands because of the input by rivers in rainy areas. Lower latitudes will have more reflective beaches due to a modal low energy wave climate and also because of the presence of inshore and offshore biotic structures such as coral reefs that dissipate even more the energy from the waves. Tropical and subtropical regions had larger marine species pools than temperate regions. After controlling for biogeographical differences in total species pool, dissipative beaches were on average significantly richer than intermediate and reflective beaches. Crustaceans were also more diverse on dissipative beaches, this difference being not significant for either molluscs or polychaetes. Significant relationships were found between total beach species richness (with or without terrestrial species), crustacean and mollusc species richness with beach morphodynamics as represented by the Dean’s index. Indices incorporating the role of tide, such as BSI, were less important in predicting species richness on the microtidal beaches studied here. Several other physical factors were also significantly correlated with species richness, the most important being the Beach Deposit Index, i.e. BDI, a composite index of beach slope and grain size. The highest correlation was between BDI and relative species richness, i.e. local beach species richness / regional species richness. Total regional marine species richness was higher in Madagascar and North Brazil (tropical beaches) than in Southeast Brazil (subtropical), or the West Coast of South Africa and South-Central Chile (temperate beaches). Not only was the pool of species capable of colonizing beaches richer in tropical and subtropical regions, but also local diversity of each morphodynamic beach type was higher among tropical beaches than their temperate counterparts. Although the results of this study agree with the predictions of the swash exclusion hypotheses, several reflective and intermediate beaches had higher species richness than predicted before and this seems to be linked to the presence of finer sediments and a less turbulent flow for larvae to settle. It is concluded that beach species richness is not necessarily controlled by one major morphodynamic parameter; this control is complex and probably involves multiple interacting biotic (biological interactions) and abiotic (e.g. grain size, wave height, beach slope and width, water table) factors. Species richness seems to be controlled on two different scales: on an evolutionary one where tropical and subtropical regions have higher regional and local diversity due to higher speciation rates; and on an ecological scale, where fine grained sand beaches have their carrying capacity enhanced by higher larval settlement rates and survival of recruits towards adulthood. On average dissipative beaches had higher total densities and macrofaunal abundances than reflective ones. Crustaceans, terrestrial species and cirolanid isopods such as Excirolana spp. were also more abundant on dissipative beaches. The difference was not significant for molluscs and polychaetes. Significant relationships were found between total abundance, crustacean species richness and beach morphodynamics as represented by the Dean’s index. Again, BSI was less important than individual physical factors in determining faunal abundance on the studied microtidal beaches. Several other physical factors were also significantly correlated with abundance, the most important being the Beach Deposit Index (BDI). The highest correlation was between BDI and total macrofaunal abundance. Factors related to surf zone processes, and possibly productivity, were highly correlated with total community, crustaceans, Excirolana spp. and terrestrial species abundances. The abundances of polychaetes and molluscs were better correlated with factors related to the beach deposit (BDI, slope, grain size and water table depth). Significant differences were observed between latitudinal regions for the average beach and also for each beach type. In general temperate beaches harboured larger community densities and abundances, and also crustacean, Excirolana spp. and terrestrial abundances. Mollusc and polychaete abundances were larger on subtropical and tropical beaches. The control of abundance on a sandy beach is complex and involves multifactorial processes at evolutionary and ecological scales. At evolutionary scales animals seem to attain higher abundances in the region where they first evolved, e.g. amphipods and isopods in temperate regions. At ecological scales they attain higher abundances where productivity is higher (total macrofaunal, crustaceans, Excirolana spp., terrestrial spp.) or where the settlement environment is more benign (molluscs and polychaetes). Dissipative beaches supported larger average and total community biomass than reflective beaches. Crustaceans, terrestrial species and cirolanid isopods such as Excirolana spp. also had larger biomass on dissipative beaches. The difference was not significant for molluscs and polychaetes. Significant relationships were found between the biomass of community and taxonomic groups with beach morphodynamics as represented by the Dean’s morphodynamic index. On the microtidal beaches studied here, BSI was less important than other morphodynamic indices and single physical factors in determining faunal biomass and mean individual body size. Surf zone characteristics such as wave height, period and surf zone width had the highest correlations with community, crustacean.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Seasonal phenology of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and its parasitoids on canola, Brassica napus (L.), in Gauteng province, South Africa
- Mosiane, M S, Kfir, Rami, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Mosiane, M S , Kfir, Rami , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6856 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011139
- Description: Canola, Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae), is a relativelynewcrop in SouthAfrica. Several insect pests, including diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), that attack cruciferous vegetables, also attack canola. The aims of this study were to determine the seasonal phenology of P. xylostella populations on canola, and the composition, relative abundance and seasonal phenology of parasitoids attacking P. xylostella on this crop. Diamondback moth adults were monitored with synthetic sex-pheromone traps. Larval and pupal populations of P. xylostella were monitored weekly for three years at Bapsfontein and Rietondale in Gauteng province. Samples of diamondback moth larvae, pupae and parasitoid cocoons were collected and transported to the laboratory. Parasitoids that emerged were identified and their incidence recorded. Berlese funnel catches were used as an indicator of the accuracy of the visual counts. The infestation level of P. xylostella larvae was high from May to August at Rietondale, while at Bapsfontein it was high from September to December. There was a high correlation (r=0.79, P<0.001) between pheromone trap catches and subsequent larval infestations at Bapsfontein. The pheromone traps indicated that diamondback moth adults were present throughout the year. Berlese funnel catches indicated that a large number of larvae, especially first instars, were overlooked during visual plant scouting. Parasitism rates were often very high, reaching 90–100 %. The following parasitoids were recorded from field-collected P. xylostella: the larval parasitoids Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Apanteles halfordi Ullyett (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the larval/pupal parasitoids Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), the pupal parasitoid Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and the hyperparasitoids Mesochorus sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Pteromalus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Cotesia plutellae was the most abundant parasitoid throughout the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Mosiane, M S , Kfir, Rami , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6856 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011139
- Description: Canola, Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae), is a relativelynewcrop in SouthAfrica. Several insect pests, including diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), that attack cruciferous vegetables, also attack canola. The aims of this study were to determine the seasonal phenology of P. xylostella populations on canola, and the composition, relative abundance and seasonal phenology of parasitoids attacking P. xylostella on this crop. Diamondback moth adults were monitored with synthetic sex-pheromone traps. Larval and pupal populations of P. xylostella were monitored weekly for three years at Bapsfontein and Rietondale in Gauteng province. Samples of diamondback moth larvae, pupae and parasitoid cocoons were collected and transported to the laboratory. Parasitoids that emerged were identified and their incidence recorded. Berlese funnel catches were used as an indicator of the accuracy of the visual counts. The infestation level of P. xylostella larvae was high from May to August at Rietondale, while at Bapsfontein it was high from September to December. There was a high correlation (r=0.79, P<0.001) between pheromone trap catches and subsequent larval infestations at Bapsfontein. The pheromone traps indicated that diamondback moth adults were present throughout the year. Berlese funnel catches indicated that a large number of larvae, especially first instars, were overlooked during visual plant scouting. Parasitism rates were often very high, reaching 90–100 %. The following parasitoids were recorded from field-collected P. xylostella: the larval parasitoids Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Apanteles halfordi Ullyett (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the larval/pupal parasitoids Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), the pupal parasitoid Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and the hyperparasitoids Mesochorus sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Pteromalus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Cotesia plutellae was the most abundant parasitoid throughout the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Cobalt and Iron Phthalocyanine Complexes on Gold Electrodes
- Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Nyokong, Tebello, Westbroek, Philippe
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello , Westbroek, Philippe
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/290363 , vital:56743 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200302753"
- Description: The self-assembling of the octa(hydroxyethylthio)-metallophthalocyanine {MOHETPc (M=Co and Fe)} complexes and their similar analogues, octabutylthiometallophthalocyanine {MOBTPc (M=Co and Fe)} complexes on gold electrodes are investigated. Comparative surface voltammetric insights into their distinct self-assembling properties with respect to the passivation of Faradaic processes and surface coverages, including their solution electrochemistry, suggest different orientations and non-cleavage of their CS bonds. In the pH 2−9 range, the reversible [M(III)Pc(−2)]+ / [M(II)Pc(−2)] redox couples show potential shifts close to −59 mV / pH. The gold electrodes modified with the SAMs of these species show electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of thiols (L-cysteine, homocysteine and penicillamine) and thiocyanate in acidic media with detection limits in the region of 10−7–10−6 mol dm−3. These monolayers are stable and easily reproducible.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello , Westbroek, Philippe
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/290363 , vital:56743 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200302753"
- Description: The self-assembling of the octa(hydroxyethylthio)-metallophthalocyanine {MOHETPc (M=Co and Fe)} complexes and their similar analogues, octabutylthiometallophthalocyanine {MOBTPc (M=Co and Fe)} complexes on gold electrodes are investigated. Comparative surface voltammetric insights into their distinct self-assembling properties with respect to the passivation of Faradaic processes and surface coverages, including their solution electrochemistry, suggest different orientations and non-cleavage of their CS bonds. In the pH 2−9 range, the reversible [M(III)Pc(−2)]+ / [M(II)Pc(−2)] redox couples show potential shifts close to −59 mV / pH. The gold electrodes modified with the SAMs of these species show electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of thiols (L-cysteine, homocysteine and penicillamine) and thiocyanate in acidic media with detection limits in the region of 10−7–10−6 mol dm−3. These monolayers are stable and easily reproducible.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Shakespeare in the Media: Newspaper Response to Shakespeare in Post-Independence West Bengal, 1948-97, Lipika Sidkar: book review
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455757 , vital:75454 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC48012
- Description: Reading this book is a cultural experience in itself, from the typography and layout, to the scholarly conventions observed, the treatment of the subject matter and its arrangement. I found it fascinating, perhaps exaggeratedly so because of abysmal ignorance on my part concerning the voluminous scholarly and text-book literature on Shakespeare which has streamed from the presses of the sub-continent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455757 , vital:75454 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC48012
- Description: Reading this book is a cultural experience in itself, from the typography and layout, to the scholarly conventions observed, the treatment of the subject matter and its arrangement. I found it fascinating, perhaps exaggeratedly so because of abysmal ignorance on my part concerning the voluminous scholarly and text-book literature on Shakespeare which has streamed from the presses of the sub-continent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Simulation and visualization of fire using extended Lindenmayer systems
- Zaniewski, Tomasz, Bangay, Shaun D
- Authors: Zaniewski, Tomasz , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433303 , vital:72960 , https://doi.org/10.1145/602330.602337
- Description: This research introduces a method of using Lindenmayer Systems to model the spreading and behavior of fire inside a factory building. The research investigates the use of L-System propagated fires for determining factors such as where the fire is most likely to spread first and how fast. It also looks at an alternative way of storing the Lindenmayer System, not in the form of a string but rather as a graph. A variation on the building and traversal process is also investigated, in which the L-System is traversed depth first instead of breadth first. Results of fire propagation are presented and we conclude that L-Systems are a suitable tool for fire propagation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Zaniewski, Tomasz , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433303 , vital:72960 , https://doi.org/10.1145/602330.602337
- Description: This research introduces a method of using Lindenmayer Systems to model the spreading and behavior of fire inside a factory building. The research investigates the use of L-System propagated fires for determining factors such as where the fire is most likely to spread first and how fast. It also looks at an alternative way of storing the Lindenmayer System, not in the form of a string but rather as a graph. A variation on the building and traversal process is also investigated, in which the L-System is traversed depth first instead of breadth first. Results of fire propagation are presented and we conclude that L-Systems are a suitable tool for fire propagation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Small-scale fisheries as a vehicle for rural development : a case study of two villages in the former Ciskei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Seti, Simpiwe
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Small-scale fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fishes -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fish trade -- Developing countries Fisheries, Cooperative -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006016
- Description: This thesis examines small-scale rural fisheries which were initiated in two villages by the Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries in conjunction with the Institute of Social and Economic Research in 1997. The main objective for undertaking the study was to determine the potential of the fisheries to serve as viable and sustainable options that could contribute towards rural development in the area of study. To examine the contribution made by the small-scale fisheries towards rural development in the villages, it is imperative to have an understanding of the context in which they were established as well as the prospects for sustainable development. It is argued in this study that despite the significant contribution made by inland rural fisheries in improving rural livelihoods they are still accorded minimal support and attention in South Africa. As an illustration of the important role played by rural fisheries, case studies from Malawi and Zimbabwe have been drawn into the study with a view to providing lessons for rural areas of South Africa. The study took place at a time when natural resources in the villages were significantly declining and environmental degradation reaching uncontrollable proportions, so there is an urgent need to secure an alternative mode of subsistence for the population in the villages. Development interventions by the state and non-governmental organisations in the study area have not been sustainable and they collapsed within a short period of time. A case in point is the Tyefu irrigation scheme, which was initiated in the villages but, owing to various factors, it failed leaving the villagers with a diminished mode of subsistence, thus providing the impetus for the implementation of small-scale rural fisheries. In order for small-scale fisheries to be sustainable it is essential to adopt models that are aimed at sound natural resource use and management. This study has raised various issues pertinent to natural resource use and management in the study area. A model for management of natural resources that involves and aims to empower local communities in the management of the fisheries is presented in the study. It has also been demonstrated that rural fisheries in the study area comply with the model. Finally, the study draws the conclusion that small-scale fisheries in the villages contribute towards rural development, however, there are constraints that need to be eradicated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Seti, Simpiwe
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Small-scale fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fishes -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fish trade -- Developing countries Fisheries, Cooperative -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006016
- Description: This thesis examines small-scale rural fisheries which were initiated in two villages by the Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries in conjunction with the Institute of Social and Economic Research in 1997. The main objective for undertaking the study was to determine the potential of the fisheries to serve as viable and sustainable options that could contribute towards rural development in the area of study. To examine the contribution made by the small-scale fisheries towards rural development in the villages, it is imperative to have an understanding of the context in which they were established as well as the prospects for sustainable development. It is argued in this study that despite the significant contribution made by inland rural fisheries in improving rural livelihoods they are still accorded minimal support and attention in South Africa. As an illustration of the important role played by rural fisheries, case studies from Malawi and Zimbabwe have been drawn into the study with a view to providing lessons for rural areas of South Africa. The study took place at a time when natural resources in the villages were significantly declining and environmental degradation reaching uncontrollable proportions, so there is an urgent need to secure an alternative mode of subsistence for the population in the villages. Development interventions by the state and non-governmental organisations in the study area have not been sustainable and they collapsed within a short period of time. A case in point is the Tyefu irrigation scheme, which was initiated in the villages but, owing to various factors, it failed leaving the villagers with a diminished mode of subsistence, thus providing the impetus for the implementation of small-scale rural fisheries. In order for small-scale fisheries to be sustainable it is essential to adopt models that are aimed at sound natural resource use and management. This study has raised various issues pertinent to natural resource use and management in the study area. A model for management of natural resources that involves and aims to empower local communities in the management of the fisheries is presented in the study. It has also been demonstrated that rural fisheries in the study area comply with the model. Finally, the study draws the conclusion that small-scale fisheries in the villages contribute towards rural development, however, there are constraints that need to be eradicated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Solvent effects on the photochemical and fluorescence properties of zinc phthalocyanine derivatives
- Ogunsipe, Abimbola Olukayode, Maree, D, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ogunsipe, Abimbola Olukayode , Maree, D , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6586 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004162 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2860(03)00155-8
- Description: The effects of solvents on the singlet oxygen, photobleaching and fluorescence quantum yields for zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and its derivatives; (pyridino)zinc phthalocyanine ((py)ZnPc), zinc octaphenoxyphthalocyanine (ZnOPPc) and zinc octaestronephthalocyanine (ZnOEPc), is presented. The effects of the solvents on the ground state spectra are also discussed. The largest red shift of the Q band was observed in aromatic solvents, the highest shift being observed for 1-chloronaphthalene. Higher singlet fluorescence quantum yields were observed in THF for ZnPc and ZnOPPC. Also in the same solvent phototransformation rather than photobleaching was observed for ZnOPPc. Split Q band in the emission and excitation spectra of ZnOPPc was observed in some solvents and this is explained in terms of the lowering of symmetry following excitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Ogunsipe, Abimbola Olukayode , Maree, D , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6586 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004162 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2860(03)00155-8
- Description: The effects of solvents on the singlet oxygen, photobleaching and fluorescence quantum yields for zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and its derivatives; (pyridino)zinc phthalocyanine ((py)ZnPc), zinc octaphenoxyphthalocyanine (ZnOPPc) and zinc octaestronephthalocyanine (ZnOEPc), is presented. The effects of the solvents on the ground state spectra are also discussed. The largest red shift of the Q band was observed in aromatic solvents, the highest shift being observed for 1-chloronaphthalene. Higher singlet fluorescence quantum yields were observed in THF for ZnPc and ZnOPPC. Also in the same solvent phototransformation rather than photobleaching was observed for ZnOPPc. Split Q band in the emission and excitation spectra of ZnOPPc was observed in some solvents and this is explained in terms of the lowering of symmetry following excitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003