Code-switching as a pedagogical strategy in classroom settings: the case of township schools in a South African Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Marawu, Sithembele
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Code switching (Linguistics) , Multilingual education -- South Africa , Education, Bilingual -- South Africa , Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- Bilingual method , English language -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa , Language and education -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62406 , vital:28173
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore the use of code-switching as a pedagogical strategy in bi/multilingual classroom settings. It was prompted by the widespread use of codeswitching (CS) in classrooms, particularly in South African rural and township schools. This study highlighted that learners from disadvantaged backgrounds struggle to learn through the medium of English but aspire to acquire it because of its association with socio-economic advancement. However, poor proficiency in English excludes them from being part of the country's economy. Research studies show that there is a shift from the old orthodoxy which perceived CS as undesirable in classrooms to a new orthodoxy that acknowledges its academic contribution in classrooms. Although more research on classroom CS has been done, this study identified the need for development of new strategies on how to use CS effectively in classrooms as a linguistic and pedagogical resource. In line with critical classroom ethnography, qualitative interpretation of data was used to understand the teachers' discourse behaviour. Additionally, non-probability sampling - specifically purposive sampling - was used to collect data. These methods and approaches assisted in the analysis of the discourse of the three teachers who served as units of analysis in this study. These teachers relied on CS to impart the content of their subjects to the learners. It transpired from data analysis that teachers use CS in classrooms to achieve various functions like social and pedagogical functions. Another finding is that the switches teachers make do not affect the syntactic structure of the matrix language. Moreover, CS enhances understanding of the subject matter. This study concludes by stating that as learners are emergent bilinguals, additive bilingualism would be more ideal in the South African situation than subtractive bilingualism which parents and learners seem to prefer. Lastly, there is a need to harness CS as a communicative and pedagogical resource in classrooms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Marawu, Sithembele
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Code switching (Linguistics) , Multilingual education -- South Africa , Education, Bilingual -- South Africa , Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- Bilingual method , English language -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa , Language and education -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62406 , vital:28173
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore the use of code-switching as a pedagogical strategy in bi/multilingual classroom settings. It was prompted by the widespread use of codeswitching (CS) in classrooms, particularly in South African rural and township schools. This study highlighted that learners from disadvantaged backgrounds struggle to learn through the medium of English but aspire to acquire it because of its association with socio-economic advancement. However, poor proficiency in English excludes them from being part of the country's economy. Research studies show that there is a shift from the old orthodoxy which perceived CS as undesirable in classrooms to a new orthodoxy that acknowledges its academic contribution in classrooms. Although more research on classroom CS has been done, this study identified the need for development of new strategies on how to use CS effectively in classrooms as a linguistic and pedagogical resource. In line with critical classroom ethnography, qualitative interpretation of data was used to understand the teachers' discourse behaviour. Additionally, non-probability sampling - specifically purposive sampling - was used to collect data. These methods and approaches assisted in the analysis of the discourse of the three teachers who served as units of analysis in this study. These teachers relied on CS to impart the content of their subjects to the learners. It transpired from data analysis that teachers use CS in classrooms to achieve various functions like social and pedagogical functions. Another finding is that the switches teachers make do not affect the syntactic structure of the matrix language. Moreover, CS enhances understanding of the subject matter. This study concludes by stating that as learners are emergent bilinguals, additive bilingualism would be more ideal in the South African situation than subtractive bilingualism which parents and learners seem to prefer. Lastly, there is a need to harness CS as a communicative and pedagogical resource in classrooms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Coega industrial development zone as a catalyst for development in NMBM
- Authors: Younouss, Sanda Oumarou
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Industrial development projects -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36162 , vital:33901
- Description: It is common for countries to adopt growth-targeted strategies to address poverty and as a result, achieve development. South Africa is not an exception and that is the reason for implementing the industrial development zone (IDZ) programme, intended to achieve growth through exports. As part of this programme, the country established five IDZs, each of which operates in specific investment sectors. The economy of the Eastern Cape is experiencing difficulties in terms of unemployment, low wages and a declining population and the migration out of the Eastern Cape is due to limited job opportunities and low wages. The four largest economic sectors in the province are manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining. The Coega IDZ (CIDZ) is located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and operates in six investment sectors, namely automotive, agro-processing and aqua farming, chemical manufacturing, business process outsourcing, energy and metals. This research investigated the contribution of the CIDZ as a tool for development in the Eastern Cape and South Africa. It further investigates its contribution to the development of the Eastern Cape in the event of its expansion across three additional investment sectors, namely electronics, clothing and furniture. With the aim of conducting a proper assessment of their contribution, the strengths and weaknesses of these three investment sectors were elucidated. Additionally, the research described the operation of four special economic zones (SEZs), namely the Zarqa Free Zone, the Jebel Ali Free Zone, the East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ) and the Coega Industrial Development Zone (CIDZ). The research methodology used was that of a descriptive study (literature-based). The research revealed that there is a need to add these three investment sectors to the CIDZ in order to develop the Eastern Cape, as they have the potential to meet the challenges that the province is facing. The research led to a number of recommendations inspired by the SEZs presented in the descriptive study, to improve the contribution of the CIDZ to the development of the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Younouss, Sanda Oumarou
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Industrial development projects -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36162 , vital:33901
- Description: It is common for countries to adopt growth-targeted strategies to address poverty and as a result, achieve development. South Africa is not an exception and that is the reason for implementing the industrial development zone (IDZ) programme, intended to achieve growth through exports. As part of this programme, the country established five IDZs, each of which operates in specific investment sectors. The economy of the Eastern Cape is experiencing difficulties in terms of unemployment, low wages and a declining population and the migration out of the Eastern Cape is due to limited job opportunities and low wages. The four largest economic sectors in the province are manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining. The Coega IDZ (CIDZ) is located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and operates in six investment sectors, namely automotive, agro-processing and aqua farming, chemical manufacturing, business process outsourcing, energy and metals. This research investigated the contribution of the CIDZ as a tool for development in the Eastern Cape and South Africa. It further investigates its contribution to the development of the Eastern Cape in the event of its expansion across three additional investment sectors, namely electronics, clothing and furniture. With the aim of conducting a proper assessment of their contribution, the strengths and weaknesses of these three investment sectors were elucidated. Additionally, the research described the operation of four special economic zones (SEZs), namely the Zarqa Free Zone, the Jebel Ali Free Zone, the East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ) and the Coega Industrial Development Zone (CIDZ). The research methodology used was that of a descriptive study (literature-based). The research revealed that there is a need to add these three investment sectors to the CIDZ in order to develop the Eastern Cape, as they have the potential to meet the challenges that the province is facing. The research led to a number of recommendations inspired by the SEZs presented in the descriptive study, to improve the contribution of the CIDZ to the development of the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Combined spectral and stimulated luminescence study of charge trapping and recombination processes in α-Al2O3:C
- Authors: Nyirenda, Angel Newton
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Luminescence , Thermoluminescence , Luminescence spectroscopy , Carbon-doped aluminium oxide , Radioluminescence , Time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62683 , vital:28235
- Description: The main objective of this project was to gain a deeper and better understanding of the luminescence processes in a-Al₂O₃:C, a highly-sensitive dosimetric material, using a combined spectral and stimulated luminescence study. The spectral studies concentrated on the emission spectra obtained using X-ray induced radioluminescence (XERL), thermoluminescence (XETL) and time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence (TR-XEOL) techniques. The stimulated luminescence studies were based on thermoluminescence (TL), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and phototransferred TL (PTTL) methods that were used in the study of the radiation-induced defects at high beta-doses and the deep traps, that is, traps with thermal depths beyond 500°C. The spectral and stimulated luminescence measurements were carried out using a high sensitivity luminescence spectrometer and a Ris0 TL/OSL Model DA-20 Reader, respectively. The XERL emission spectrum measured at room temperature shows seven gaussian peaks associated with F-centres (420 nm), F+-centres (334 nm), F2+-centres (559 nm), Stoke’s vibronic band of Cr3+ (671 nm), Cr3+ R-line emission (694 nm), anti-Stokes vibronic band of Cr3+ (710 nm) and an unidentified emission band (260-300 nm) which we associate with hole recombinations at a luminescence centre. The 694-nm R-line emission from Cr3+ impurity ions is most likely due to recombination of holes at Cr2+ during stimulated luminescence and as a result of an intracentre excitation of Cr3+ in photoluminescence (PL) due to photon absorption. The Cr3+ emission decreases in intensity, whereas the intensity of F-centre emission band is almost constant with repeated XERL measurements. Depending on the amount of X-ray irradiation dose, both holes and/or electrons may take place in the emission processes of peaks I (30-80°C), II (90-250°C) and III (250-320°C) during a TL readout, albeit, electron recombination is dominant regardless of dose. At higher doses, the XETL emission spectra indicate that the dominant band associated with TL peak III (250-320°C) in the material, shifts from F-centre to Cr3+. Using the deep-traps OSL, it has been confirmed that the main TL trap is also the main OSL trap whereas the TL traps lying in the temperature range of 400-550°C constitute the secondary OSL traps. There is evidence of strong retrapping at the main trap during optical stimulation of charges from the secondary OSL traps and the deep traps and that the retrapping occurs via the delocalized bands. At high-irradiation beta-doses, aggregate defect centres which significantly alter the TL and OSL properties, are induced in the material. The induced aggregate centres get completely obliterated by heating a sample to 700°C. The radiation-induced defects cause the main TL peak to shift towards higher temperatures, increase its FWHM, reduce its maximum intensity and cause an underestimation of both the activation energy and order of kinetics of the peak. On the other hand, the OSL response of the material is enhanced following a high-irradiation dose. During sample storage in the dark at ambient temperature, charges do migrate from the deep traps (donors) to the main and intermediate traps (acceptors) and that the major donor traps during this charge transfer phenomenon lie between 500-600°C.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nyirenda, Angel Newton
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Luminescence , Thermoluminescence , Luminescence spectroscopy , Carbon-doped aluminium oxide , Radioluminescence , Time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62683 , vital:28235
- Description: The main objective of this project was to gain a deeper and better understanding of the luminescence processes in a-Al₂O₃:C, a highly-sensitive dosimetric material, using a combined spectral and stimulated luminescence study. The spectral studies concentrated on the emission spectra obtained using X-ray induced radioluminescence (XERL), thermoluminescence (XETL) and time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence (TR-XEOL) techniques. The stimulated luminescence studies were based on thermoluminescence (TL), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and phototransferred TL (PTTL) methods that were used in the study of the radiation-induced defects at high beta-doses and the deep traps, that is, traps with thermal depths beyond 500°C. The spectral and stimulated luminescence measurements were carried out using a high sensitivity luminescence spectrometer and a Ris0 TL/OSL Model DA-20 Reader, respectively. The XERL emission spectrum measured at room temperature shows seven gaussian peaks associated with F-centres (420 nm), F+-centres (334 nm), F2+-centres (559 nm), Stoke’s vibronic band of Cr3+ (671 nm), Cr3+ R-line emission (694 nm), anti-Stokes vibronic band of Cr3+ (710 nm) and an unidentified emission band (260-300 nm) which we associate with hole recombinations at a luminescence centre. The 694-nm R-line emission from Cr3+ impurity ions is most likely due to recombination of holes at Cr2+ during stimulated luminescence and as a result of an intracentre excitation of Cr3+ in photoluminescence (PL) due to photon absorption. The Cr3+ emission decreases in intensity, whereas the intensity of F-centre emission band is almost constant with repeated XERL measurements. Depending on the amount of X-ray irradiation dose, both holes and/or electrons may take place in the emission processes of peaks I (30-80°C), II (90-250°C) and III (250-320°C) during a TL readout, albeit, electron recombination is dominant regardless of dose. At higher doses, the XETL emission spectra indicate that the dominant band associated with TL peak III (250-320°C) in the material, shifts from F-centre to Cr3+. Using the deep-traps OSL, it has been confirmed that the main TL trap is also the main OSL trap whereas the TL traps lying in the temperature range of 400-550°C constitute the secondary OSL traps. There is evidence of strong retrapping at the main trap during optical stimulation of charges from the secondary OSL traps and the deep traps and that the retrapping occurs via the delocalized bands. At high-irradiation beta-doses, aggregate defect centres which significantly alter the TL and OSL properties, are induced in the material. The induced aggregate centres get completely obliterated by heating a sample to 700°C. The radiation-induced defects cause the main TL peak to shift towards higher temperatures, increase its FWHM, reduce its maximum intensity and cause an underestimation of both the activation energy and order of kinetics of the peak. On the other hand, the OSL response of the material is enhanced following a high-irradiation dose. During sample storage in the dark at ambient temperature, charges do migrate from the deep traps (donors) to the main and intermediate traps (acceptors) and that the major donor traps during this charge transfer phenomenon lie between 500-600°C.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Community education and training colleges as agents of community development in Olievenhoutbosch, Tshwane Municipality
- Authors: Mfenyane, Nozuko Primrose
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Community education -- South Africa , Community development -- South Africa Vocational education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32762 , vital:32355
- Description: The study investigated how the current Community Education and Training (CET) colleges model, as conceptualized by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), hence the ability of Community Education and Training Colleges to contribute to community development in Olievenbosch community. The findings support the DHET's conceptual model of CET colleges, as a new form of institution that will meet the needs of citizens that may not be able to make it to universities and TVET colleges in South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mfenyane, Nozuko Primrose
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Community education -- South Africa , Community development -- South Africa Vocational education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32762 , vital:32355
- Description: The study investigated how the current Community Education and Training (CET) colleges model, as conceptualized by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), hence the ability of Community Education and Training Colleges to contribute to community development in Olievenbosch community. The findings support the DHET's conceptual model of CET colleges, as a new form of institution that will meet the needs of citizens that may not be able to make it to universities and TVET colleges in South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Community participation in urban revitalization in Buffalo City
- Authors: Magwala, Tandiswa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Urban renewal -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality , Community development -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality Neighborhoods -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31521 , vital:31501
- Description: Community participation relates to the process by which community members are involved in the projects that determine pertains to their development needs. It is a means of empowering people by developing their skills and abilities to enable them to negotiate and make appropriate decisions for their development. However, community participation faces many challenges in South Africa and some other countries. For instance, in most, if not all, development projects commenced by local municipalities, community participation is often neglected or becomes an afterthought. In most cases, the communities are consulted after decisions have already been made by government agencies in relation to the kind of development projects that need to be executed. As a result, community participation is a prerequisite in development projects which are meant to improve the livelihoods and standard of living of the majority of communities in South Africa. The Buffalo City Municipality Metro (BCMM) is not an exception to this. The BCMM is located in the Eastern Cape Province, which is one of the poorest provinces in South Africa. In one of the towns in the municipal area, namely Dimbaza in the former Ciskei ‘homeland’, where there are high levels of unemployment and poverty, a prominent feature in the landscape is the many abandoned factory buildings. In recent years, the BCMM has recognized the need to revitalize the nodal areas such as Mdantsane, Dimbaza and Bisho, but due to the fragmented patterns of Bantustan policies the program was negatively affected (BCMM 2014/15/141). As a consequence, the BCMM has supported the implement an urban revitalization project within its area. The aim of this study was to investigate and interrogate whether local communities are involved in urban revitalization in the BCMM. That is, to evaluate community participation in urban revitalization projects in the BCMM, and focusing on Dimbaza community in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa as a case study. The study asks the following questions: Do the BCMM’s urban redevelopment initiatives have community participation component? How can the community be more involved in neighbourhood revitalization? v To what extent do these perceptions and priorities of the people living in neighbourhood of the disused factories match those of the policy makers? What are the perceptions of the people living in the neighbourhood of the disused factories in Dimbaza with regard to redevelopment? What recommendations can emanate from the study to address the current challenges regarding community participation in urban revitalization in BCMM? The study revealed that the majority of the respondents did not participate in the initiation and planning stages of the urban revitalization projects. The study further showed that a considerable proportion of the surveyed Dimbaza residents did not know about the urban revitalization programme, but learnt about it only in the local newspaper. It is therefore recommended that, the BCMM should support the community at all levels of planning to ensure a strong commitment to participation in their urban revitalization or development projects. It is hoped that this study will sensitize the community members of Dimbaza and the roles players involved in the Dimbaza urban revitalization projects including, among others, the Buffalo City Municipality Metropolitan, the Eastern Cape Development Cooperation and the Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism of the Eastern Cape, to realise the significance and advantages of community participation, and that they will work through the challenges therein in order to increase community participation in development projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Magwala, Tandiswa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Urban renewal -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality , Community development -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality Neighborhoods -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31521 , vital:31501
- Description: Community participation relates to the process by which community members are involved in the projects that determine pertains to their development needs. It is a means of empowering people by developing their skills and abilities to enable them to negotiate and make appropriate decisions for their development. However, community participation faces many challenges in South Africa and some other countries. For instance, in most, if not all, development projects commenced by local municipalities, community participation is often neglected or becomes an afterthought. In most cases, the communities are consulted after decisions have already been made by government agencies in relation to the kind of development projects that need to be executed. As a result, community participation is a prerequisite in development projects which are meant to improve the livelihoods and standard of living of the majority of communities in South Africa. The Buffalo City Municipality Metro (BCMM) is not an exception to this. The BCMM is located in the Eastern Cape Province, which is one of the poorest provinces in South Africa. In one of the towns in the municipal area, namely Dimbaza in the former Ciskei ‘homeland’, where there are high levels of unemployment and poverty, a prominent feature in the landscape is the many abandoned factory buildings. In recent years, the BCMM has recognized the need to revitalize the nodal areas such as Mdantsane, Dimbaza and Bisho, but due to the fragmented patterns of Bantustan policies the program was negatively affected (BCMM 2014/15/141). As a consequence, the BCMM has supported the implement an urban revitalization project within its area. The aim of this study was to investigate and interrogate whether local communities are involved in urban revitalization in the BCMM. That is, to evaluate community participation in urban revitalization projects in the BCMM, and focusing on Dimbaza community in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa as a case study. The study asks the following questions: Do the BCMM’s urban redevelopment initiatives have community participation component? How can the community be more involved in neighbourhood revitalization? v To what extent do these perceptions and priorities of the people living in neighbourhood of the disused factories match those of the policy makers? What are the perceptions of the people living in the neighbourhood of the disused factories in Dimbaza with regard to redevelopment? What recommendations can emanate from the study to address the current challenges regarding community participation in urban revitalization in BCMM? The study revealed that the majority of the respondents did not participate in the initiation and planning stages of the urban revitalization projects. The study further showed that a considerable proportion of the surveyed Dimbaza residents did not know about the urban revitalization programme, but learnt about it only in the local newspaper. It is therefore recommended that, the BCMM should support the community at all levels of planning to ensure a strong commitment to participation in their urban revitalization or development projects. It is hoped that this study will sensitize the community members of Dimbaza and the roles players involved in the Dimbaza urban revitalization projects including, among others, the Buffalo City Municipality Metropolitan, the Eastern Cape Development Cooperation and the Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism of the Eastern Cape, to realise the significance and advantages of community participation, and that they will work through the challenges therein in order to increase community participation in development projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Community radio as a tool for sport development: a case study of Mdantsane FM.
- Authors: Sifingo, Yamkela
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Community radio--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Radio in community development--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Sport development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19650 , vital:43155
- Description: This study focuses on critically examining the role of community radio in sports development, using Mdantsane FM as a case study. To carry out the study, the researcher employed a mixed research methodology as both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and in addition, two focus groups discussions were conducted consisting of eight individuals in each group. The first focus group was held within the radio station and consisted of radio presenters and news readers. The second focus group was held with the external stakeholders who run sports programmes around Mdantsane community, from both the schools and local leagues and competitions. To try and fully represent the studied community and considering the vast population in Mdantsane, a survey/questionnaire study was also carried out. The research findings revealed that Mdantsane FM Community Radio Station listeners and members of the community are of the views that the radio station is playing a crucial role in driving community sport development programs, fixtures, leagues and tournaments. The sport fraternity feels that the radio station promotes local content and it represents the community it serves. Community sport coverage and announcements are said to be always accepted as the sports department operates with an open door policy, where every community member has the equal right to exercise the presence of the radio station accordingly. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Communication) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Sifingo, Yamkela
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Community radio--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Radio in community development--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Sport development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19650 , vital:43155
- Description: This study focuses on critically examining the role of community radio in sports development, using Mdantsane FM as a case study. To carry out the study, the researcher employed a mixed research methodology as both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and in addition, two focus groups discussions were conducted consisting of eight individuals in each group. The first focus group was held within the radio station and consisted of radio presenters and news readers. The second focus group was held with the external stakeholders who run sports programmes around Mdantsane community, from both the schools and local leagues and competitions. To try and fully represent the studied community and considering the vast population in Mdantsane, a survey/questionnaire study was also carried out. The research findings revealed that Mdantsane FM Community Radio Station listeners and members of the community are of the views that the radio station is playing a crucial role in driving community sport development programs, fixtures, leagues and tournaments. The sport fraternity feels that the radio station promotes local content and it represents the community it serves. Community sport coverage and announcements are said to be always accepted as the sports department operates with an open door policy, where every community member has the equal right to exercise the presence of the radio station accordingly. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Communication) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Comparing sequence and structure of falcipains and human homologs at prodomain and catalytic active site for malarial peptide-based inhibitor design:
- Musyoka, Thommas M, Njuguna, Joyce N, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Musyoka, Thommas M , Njuguna, Joyce N , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148392 , vital:38735 , DOI: 10.1101/381566
- Description: Falcipains are major cysteine proteases of Plasmodium falciparum involved in haemoglobin degradation and remain attractive anti-malarial drug targets. Several inhibitors against these proteases have been identified, yet none of them has been approved for malaria treatment. Other Plasmodium species also possess highly homologous proteins to falcipains. For selective therapeutic targeting, identification of sequence and structure differences with homologous human cathepsins is necessary. The substrate processing activity of these proteins is tightly controlled via a prodomain segment occluding the active site which is chopped under low pH conditions exposing the catalytic site. Current work characterizes these proteases to identify residues mediating the prodomain regulatory function for the design of peptide based anti-malarial inhibitors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Musyoka, Thommas M , Njuguna, Joyce N , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148392 , vital:38735 , DOI: 10.1101/381566
- Description: Falcipains are major cysteine proteases of Plasmodium falciparum involved in haemoglobin degradation and remain attractive anti-malarial drug targets. Several inhibitors against these proteases have been identified, yet none of them has been approved for malaria treatment. Other Plasmodium species also possess highly homologous proteins to falcipains. For selective therapeutic targeting, identification of sequence and structure differences with homologous human cathepsins is necessary. The substrate processing activity of these proteins is tightly controlled via a prodomain segment occluding the active site which is chopped under low pH conditions exposing the catalytic site. Current work characterizes these proteases to identify residues mediating the prodomain regulatory function for the design of peptide based anti-malarial inhibitors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Comparison of contraceptive discontinuation in users of a copper intrauterine device against depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable
- Authors: Dekile-Yonto, Nolusindiso
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Contraceptives Birth control Women's health services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Magister of Curationis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15520 , vital:40422
- Description: The dynamics of continued contraceptive use, switches to alternatives, or the outright failure of contraception is strong indicators of the effectiveness of health care programmes for women or couples (Ali, Cleland & Shah, 2012:6). Furthermore, unplanned pregnancies often lead to undesirable health, economic, social, and psychological consequences for women (Sedgh, Singh & Hussain., 2014). There is a need to better understand the reasons for discontinuation of contraception to enable health care workers to address the gaps in the provision of family planning services. For this reason, the researcher embarked on a follow-up study of a randomised, controlled trial, which compared the effects on depression and sexual functioning of women after childbirth of a Copper Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (Cu-IUD) with Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA), (Singata-Madliki, 2014:5). The objectives of the follow-up study was to do a once-off follow-up of the original participants, three years after randomisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dekile-Yonto, Nolusindiso
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Contraceptives Birth control Women's health services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Magister of Curationis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15520 , vital:40422
- Description: The dynamics of continued contraceptive use, switches to alternatives, or the outright failure of contraception is strong indicators of the effectiveness of health care programmes for women or couples (Ali, Cleland & Shah, 2012:6). Furthermore, unplanned pregnancies often lead to undesirable health, economic, social, and psychological consequences for women (Sedgh, Singh & Hussain., 2014). There is a need to better understand the reasons for discontinuation of contraception to enable health care workers to address the gaps in the provision of family planning services. For this reason, the researcher embarked on a follow-up study of a randomised, controlled trial, which compared the effects on depression and sexual functioning of women after childbirth of a Copper Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (Cu-IUD) with Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA), (Singata-Madliki, 2014:5). The objectives of the follow-up study was to do a once-off follow-up of the original participants, three years after randomisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Comparison of physiological responses to high temperatures in juvenile and adult Cape Rockjumpers Chaetops frenatus
- Oswald, Krista N, Lee, Alan T K, Smit, Ben
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Lee, Alan T K , Smit, Ben
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441559 , vital:73898 , https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1509905
- Description: Concerns about climate change have led to an increase in studies on physiological mechanisms birds possess to cope with increasing temperatures. For range-restricted species such as Cape Rockjumpers Chaetops frenatus, whose population declines are correlated with habitat warming, we identified juvenile physiological responses to high temperature as a potential gap in current knowledge. We compared metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, evaporative cooling efficiency (calculated from evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate) and body temperature in juveniles (n = 5) with adult birds (n = 10) to a ramped temperature profile (30–42 °C). Although juveniles exhibited no significant difference in cooling efficiency, they had higher evaporative water loss, resting metabolic rate and body temperature. This suggests that while juvenile birds show similar abilities to dissipate metabolic heat evaporatively, they face higher overall water and energy demands, and thus higher thermoregulatory costs in maintaining body temperature as overall temperatures continue to increase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Lee, Alan T K , Smit, Ben
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441559 , vital:73898 , https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1509905
- Description: Concerns about climate change have led to an increase in studies on physiological mechanisms birds possess to cope with increasing temperatures. For range-restricted species such as Cape Rockjumpers Chaetops frenatus, whose population declines are correlated with habitat warming, we identified juvenile physiological responses to high temperature as a potential gap in current knowledge. We compared metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, evaporative cooling efficiency (calculated from evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate) and body temperature in juveniles (n = 5) with adult birds (n = 10) to a ramped temperature profile (30–42 °C). Although juveniles exhibited no significant difference in cooling efficiency, they had higher evaporative water loss, resting metabolic rate and body temperature. This suggests that while juvenile birds show similar abilities to dissipate metabolic heat evaporatively, they face higher overall water and energy demands, and thus higher thermoregulatory costs in maintaining body temperature as overall temperatures continue to increase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Comparison of physiological responses to high temperatures in juvenile and adult Cape Rockjumpers Chaetops frenatus
- Oswald, Krista N, Lee, Alan T K, Smit, Ben
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Lee, Alan T K , Smit, Ben
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448398 , vital:74727 , https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1509905
- Description: Concerns about climate change have led to an increase in studies on physiological mechanisms birds possess to cope with increasing temperatures. For range-restricted species such as Cape Rockjumpers Chaetops frenatus, whose population declines are correlated with habitat warming, we identified juvenile physiological responses to high temperature as a potential gap in current knowledge. We compared metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, evaporative cooling efficiency (calculated from evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate) and body temperature in juveniles (n = 5) with adult birds (n = 10) to a ramped temperature profile (30–42 °C). Although juveniles exhibited no significant difference in cooling efficiency, they had higher evaporative water loss, resting metabolic rate and body temperature. This suggests that while juvenile birds show similar abilities to dissipate metabolic heat evaporatively, they face higher overall water and energy demands, and thus higher thermoregulatory costs in maintaining body temperature as overall temperatures continue to increase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Lee, Alan T K , Smit, Ben
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448398 , vital:74727 , https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1509905
- Description: Concerns about climate change have led to an increase in studies on physiological mechanisms birds possess to cope with increasing temperatures. For range-restricted species such as Cape Rockjumpers Chaetops frenatus, whose population declines are correlated with habitat warming, we identified juvenile physiological responses to high temperature as a potential gap in current knowledge. We compared metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, evaporative cooling efficiency (calculated from evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate) and body temperature in juveniles (n = 5) with adult birds (n = 10) to a ramped temperature profile (30–42 °C). Although juveniles exhibited no significant difference in cooling efficiency, they had higher evaporative water loss, resting metabolic rate and body temperature. This suggests that while juvenile birds show similar abilities to dissipate metabolic heat evaporatively, they face higher overall water and energy demands, and thus higher thermoregulatory costs in maintaining body temperature as overall temperatures continue to increase.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Compensation for distribution of timing and reference signals over optical fibre networks for telescope arrays
- Authors: Wassin, Shukree
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Fiber optics , Optical communications Very large array telescopes Optical fiber detectors
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36425 , vital:33941
- Description: Significant advancements and developments have been made in optical frequency standards, in recent years. In order to verify the accuracy and preciseness of the disseminated RF signal, it is essential to compare its stability with the standards provided in literature as well as by metrology institutes. However, conventional frequency comparison techniques via satellites have extremely inferior stability qualities. As a result, the need for an alternative ultra-high precision RF transfer method presented itself. Highly accurate and precise frequency dissemination across optical fiber has proved a leading contender and a possible solution. When compared to conventional data transfer media, optical fiber has proven to be more superior and yields lower transmission errors and is immune to radio frequency interference. A further quality of optical fibre is that its transmission distance can be extended to greater degree than the traditional coaxial cable due to its low loss property. This thesis deals with the compensation of phase noise in single mode optical fibre. Phase noise degrades the performance and stability of the RF signal as well as the optical carrier frequency across long-haul optical networks. This work begins by experimentally demonstrating a unique and novel way for measuring the round-trip optical fibre latency times. The technique is based on all optical wavelength conversion using a stable PPS injection signal. The result highlighted the importance for active phase error compensation along a fibre link. Various computer simulations were used to study the influence of temperature fluctuation on the optical fibre. The first ever error signals generated at NMU was experimentally demonstrated. Results illustrated that, by minimizing the error voltage the phase difference between the transmitted and reference signals were reduced to zero. Performance analysis testing of the VCSEL phase correction actuator showed that majority of the dither iterations that induced the phase compensation took approximately 0.15 s. Residual frequency instabilities of 3.39791 x 10-12 at 1 s and 8.14848 x 10-12 at 103 s was measured when the 26 km G.655 fibre link was running freely. Experimental results further showed that the relative frequency stabilities measured at 1 s and 103 s were 4.43902 x 10-12 and 1.62055 x 10-13 during active compensation, respectively. The novel work presented in this thesis is exciting since the VCSEL is used as the optical source as well as the phase correction actuator. The benefits of such a device is that is reduces system costs and complexities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Wassin, Shukree
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Fiber optics , Optical communications Very large array telescopes Optical fiber detectors
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36425 , vital:33941
- Description: Significant advancements and developments have been made in optical frequency standards, in recent years. In order to verify the accuracy and preciseness of the disseminated RF signal, it is essential to compare its stability with the standards provided in literature as well as by metrology institutes. However, conventional frequency comparison techniques via satellites have extremely inferior stability qualities. As a result, the need for an alternative ultra-high precision RF transfer method presented itself. Highly accurate and precise frequency dissemination across optical fiber has proved a leading contender and a possible solution. When compared to conventional data transfer media, optical fiber has proven to be more superior and yields lower transmission errors and is immune to radio frequency interference. A further quality of optical fibre is that its transmission distance can be extended to greater degree than the traditional coaxial cable due to its low loss property. This thesis deals with the compensation of phase noise in single mode optical fibre. Phase noise degrades the performance and stability of the RF signal as well as the optical carrier frequency across long-haul optical networks. This work begins by experimentally demonstrating a unique and novel way for measuring the round-trip optical fibre latency times. The technique is based on all optical wavelength conversion using a stable PPS injection signal. The result highlighted the importance for active phase error compensation along a fibre link. Various computer simulations were used to study the influence of temperature fluctuation on the optical fibre. The first ever error signals generated at NMU was experimentally demonstrated. Results illustrated that, by minimizing the error voltage the phase difference between the transmitted and reference signals were reduced to zero. Performance analysis testing of the VCSEL phase correction actuator showed that majority of the dither iterations that induced the phase compensation took approximately 0.15 s. Residual frequency instabilities of 3.39791 x 10-12 at 1 s and 8.14848 x 10-12 at 103 s was measured when the 26 km G.655 fibre link was running freely. Experimental results further showed that the relative frequency stabilities measured at 1 s and 103 s were 4.43902 x 10-12 and 1.62055 x 10-13 during active compensation, respectively. The novel work presented in this thesis is exciting since the VCSEL is used as the optical source as well as the phase correction actuator. The benefits of such a device is that is reduces system costs and complexities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Computational analysis and cavity optimisation to achieve directional solidification in a cast aluminium alloy [Al7SiMg] component
- Authors: Nohanyaza, Melikhaya
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Metal castings , Automobiles -- Materials , Alloys , Light metal alloys
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEng
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22913 , vital:30141
- Description: The study at hand focussed on A356.0 industrial and high production die casting alloy. Since the birth of metal casting, numerous researchers have addressed the multiple phenomena that influence the casting quality and mechanical properties of castable alloys. This study harnessed research findings on A356.0 alloy and the aluminium family as a whole, to improve the casting soundness of the component already in the production process. The local foundry showed interest in understanding solidification and quality of A356.0 alloy fluxed with NaCl+KCl melt cleaning flux plus 4 of TiB2 5:1 master alloy grain refining rods and A356.0 alloy processed with KCl+Ti (presumably KCl+TiB2) grain refining flux plus 4 of TiB2 5:1 master alloy rods. Numerical analysis was used to define the progressive nature and directional solidification of the alloy using MAGMA5. MAGMA5.3 virtual optimisation capabilities were used for development of future component casting methods and procedures to solve macro- and microporosity evident on the casting. To find a direct link between the virtual and foundry environment, a preliminary study was conducted on a simple foundry stage of cone billet casting for both alloys with and without mould/casting interface coating. The findings indicated that A356.0 maintained its shrinkage volume percentage at mould temperatures above 300 °C, but progressively increased at temperatures below. Furthermore, thermal insulation coat (also used on Right Hand Side [RHS] mould of the foundry component) influenced the shrinkage distribution on the casting while localised at the centre on non-coated mould/casting interfaces for both KCl+Ti and NaCl+KCl melt fluxed A356.0 at similar percentage shrinkage for mould temperatures greater or equal to 300 °C. Near thin foundry castings for both flux treatments indicated similar mechanical properties at similar casting stages. The mechanical properties of both conditions seemed to degrade as a function of die casting period. Secondary dendrite arm spacing microstructure parameter for NaCl+KCl and KCl+Ti fluxed alloy averaged 40 μm and 35 μm respectively across all test zones. However, individual SDAS definitions per test zone indicated possible micro segregation on NaCl+KCl fluxed alloy and instantaneous solidification as a result of constitutional supercooling on alloys fluxed with KCl+Ti alloy. The growth rate solidification parameter was symmetrical about the centre of the component, where the centre of the component experienced an exponential drop from the top (away from the filling gate) to the bottom (near the filling gate) of the component. A virtual approach to tooling geometrical design indicated a weak influence on both micro- and macroporosity. However, the introduction of low thermal capacity, high heat transfer at Left Hand Side [LHS] tooling and a new cooling system arrangement indicated a higher influence in achieving sound casting. Knowledge gained in this study will improve local foundry competitiveness and introduce cost effective virtual approach foundry developments. The study will also introduce new methods for industrial research and position Nelson Mandela University as a leader in this field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nohanyaza, Melikhaya
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Metal castings , Automobiles -- Materials , Alloys , Light metal alloys
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEng
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22913 , vital:30141
- Description: The study at hand focussed on A356.0 industrial and high production die casting alloy. Since the birth of metal casting, numerous researchers have addressed the multiple phenomena that influence the casting quality and mechanical properties of castable alloys. This study harnessed research findings on A356.0 alloy and the aluminium family as a whole, to improve the casting soundness of the component already in the production process. The local foundry showed interest in understanding solidification and quality of A356.0 alloy fluxed with NaCl+KCl melt cleaning flux plus 4 of TiB2 5:1 master alloy grain refining rods and A356.0 alloy processed with KCl+Ti (presumably KCl+TiB2) grain refining flux plus 4 of TiB2 5:1 master alloy rods. Numerical analysis was used to define the progressive nature and directional solidification of the alloy using MAGMA5. MAGMA5.3 virtual optimisation capabilities were used for development of future component casting methods and procedures to solve macro- and microporosity evident on the casting. To find a direct link between the virtual and foundry environment, a preliminary study was conducted on a simple foundry stage of cone billet casting for both alloys with and without mould/casting interface coating. The findings indicated that A356.0 maintained its shrinkage volume percentage at mould temperatures above 300 °C, but progressively increased at temperatures below. Furthermore, thermal insulation coat (also used on Right Hand Side [RHS] mould of the foundry component) influenced the shrinkage distribution on the casting while localised at the centre on non-coated mould/casting interfaces for both KCl+Ti and NaCl+KCl melt fluxed A356.0 at similar percentage shrinkage for mould temperatures greater or equal to 300 °C. Near thin foundry castings for both flux treatments indicated similar mechanical properties at similar casting stages. The mechanical properties of both conditions seemed to degrade as a function of die casting period. Secondary dendrite arm spacing microstructure parameter for NaCl+KCl and KCl+Ti fluxed alloy averaged 40 μm and 35 μm respectively across all test zones. However, individual SDAS definitions per test zone indicated possible micro segregation on NaCl+KCl fluxed alloy and instantaneous solidification as a result of constitutional supercooling on alloys fluxed with KCl+Ti alloy. The growth rate solidification parameter was symmetrical about the centre of the component, where the centre of the component experienced an exponential drop from the top (away from the filling gate) to the bottom (near the filling gate) of the component. A virtual approach to tooling geometrical design indicated a weak influence on both micro- and macroporosity. However, the introduction of low thermal capacity, high heat transfer at Left Hand Side [LHS] tooling and a new cooling system arrangement indicated a higher influence in achieving sound casting. Knowledge gained in this study will improve local foundry competitiveness and introduce cost effective virtual approach foundry developments. The study will also introduce new methods for industrial research and position Nelson Mandela University as a leader in this field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Conflict analysis with a focus on community polarisation: a case study of a wind energy project in Switzerland
- Authors: Bachmann, Melanie
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Conflict management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42428 , vital:36654
- Description: Switzerland, like many other countries, wants to expand the production and usage of renewable energies, including wind energy. However, wind energy causes much conflict due to the emissions and possible impacts on the people, nature and landscape. In the canton of Glarus a wind energy project called LinthWind is currently projected. This has resulted in a public dispute involving several parties and members of the community. In opposition to the project, the association LinthGegenWind was formed with the aim of keeping the area free from wind turbines. The project developer, as well as LinthGegenWind, are organising information events and provide information through other platforms. The aim of this research is to provide the community with a thorough understanding of the conflict, including its dynamics and possible destructive processes. Through the conduction of conflict analysis, it investigates the conflict evolving around the project LinthWind. With the help of an online questionnaire, the opinions of the participants regarding the project and also the factors influencing the opinion-formation were enquired. This allowed for an examination of the polarization of the community and the factors contributing to it. The conflict analysis presents detailed information regarding the conflict history and background, the parties involved, issues under contention, sources and causes of the conflict, driving factors and the dynamics. Many factors indicate that the dispute is in an escalating phase. It was further shown that the affected community is clearly polarised regarding the project LinthWind. The polarisation is most likely enhanced by certain measures applied by the parties and the voting process. Independently gathered information by the people themselves seem to be the strongest influencing factors for the opinion formation. The success of the tactics applied by the project developer and the association opposing the project vary regarding their influence on the opinion formation. Missing communication between the parties and a polarised community exacerbates effective conflict management. In the case of LinthWind, a forum is therefore suggested where communication and information – the basics for constructive conflict management – are enabled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bachmann, Melanie
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Conflict management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42428 , vital:36654
- Description: Switzerland, like many other countries, wants to expand the production and usage of renewable energies, including wind energy. However, wind energy causes much conflict due to the emissions and possible impacts on the people, nature and landscape. In the canton of Glarus a wind energy project called LinthWind is currently projected. This has resulted in a public dispute involving several parties and members of the community. In opposition to the project, the association LinthGegenWind was formed with the aim of keeping the area free from wind turbines. The project developer, as well as LinthGegenWind, are organising information events and provide information through other platforms. The aim of this research is to provide the community with a thorough understanding of the conflict, including its dynamics and possible destructive processes. Through the conduction of conflict analysis, it investigates the conflict evolving around the project LinthWind. With the help of an online questionnaire, the opinions of the participants regarding the project and also the factors influencing the opinion-formation were enquired. This allowed for an examination of the polarization of the community and the factors contributing to it. The conflict analysis presents detailed information regarding the conflict history and background, the parties involved, issues under contention, sources and causes of the conflict, driving factors and the dynamics. Many factors indicate that the dispute is in an escalating phase. It was further shown that the affected community is clearly polarised regarding the project LinthWind. The polarisation is most likely enhanced by certain measures applied by the parties and the voting process. Independently gathered information by the people themselves seem to be the strongest influencing factors for the opinion formation. The success of the tactics applied by the project developer and the association opposing the project vary regarding their influence on the opinion formation. Missing communication between the parties and a polarised community exacerbates effective conflict management. In the case of LinthWind, a forum is therefore suggested where communication and information – the basics for constructive conflict management – are enabled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Conflict narratives of young males in the Blue Crane Route Municipality who experienced domestic violence during childhood
- Authors: Martin, Jonathan Malvin
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Family violence , Abusive men -- Psychology , Abusive men -- Rehabilitation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31863 , vital:31855
- Description: Domestic Violence is a growing concern globally and currently one of the most dominant negative social forces in South Africa. Many children are experiencing or witnessing Domestic Violence in their households or community, with potentially devastating consequences (Dawes, Long, Alexander & Ward, 2007; Burton, 2007). This study investigates the personal conflict narratives of eleven young adult males who experienced Domestic Violence as children. The young men completed a self-administered questionnaire which included a request for a personal conflict narrative or story. The study then engaged these young men in a two-day workshop of an international conflict management programme, known as the Alternatives to Violence Project (AVP), which teaches attitudes and strategies to manage conflict (such as self-awareness, empathy and community-building). After the workshop, the participants were asked to re-write their conflict narratives and any changes in their attitudes and strategies to conflict were discussed in group interviews. The study was qualitative; that is, exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed to identify suitable young adult males between 18-35 years of age from the Blue Crane Route Municipality (Somerset East and Pearston), who experienced Domestic Violence during their childhood. Workers at Victim Support Centres in the Blue Crane Route Municipality assisted with the recruitment of potential participants and requested permission to provide the researcher with their personal information. In analysing the data obtained, the study used a narrative analysis approach to the participants’ pre- and post-AVP workshop conflict narratives. The trustworthiness of the research process and findings was enhanced by employing a variety of data verification strategies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Martin, Jonathan Malvin
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Family violence , Abusive men -- Psychology , Abusive men -- Rehabilitation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31863 , vital:31855
- Description: Domestic Violence is a growing concern globally and currently one of the most dominant negative social forces in South Africa. Many children are experiencing or witnessing Domestic Violence in their households or community, with potentially devastating consequences (Dawes, Long, Alexander & Ward, 2007; Burton, 2007). This study investigates the personal conflict narratives of eleven young adult males who experienced Domestic Violence as children. The young men completed a self-administered questionnaire which included a request for a personal conflict narrative or story. The study then engaged these young men in a two-day workshop of an international conflict management programme, known as the Alternatives to Violence Project (AVP), which teaches attitudes and strategies to manage conflict (such as self-awareness, empathy and community-building). After the workshop, the participants were asked to re-write their conflict narratives and any changes in their attitudes and strategies to conflict were discussed in group interviews. The study was qualitative; that is, exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed to identify suitable young adult males between 18-35 years of age from the Blue Crane Route Municipality (Somerset East and Pearston), who experienced Domestic Violence during their childhood. Workers at Victim Support Centres in the Blue Crane Route Municipality assisted with the recruitment of potential participants and requested permission to provide the researcher with their personal information. In analysing the data obtained, the study used a narrative analysis approach to the participants’ pre- and post-AVP workshop conflict narratives. The trustworthiness of the research process and findings was enhanced by employing a variety of data verification strategies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Confronting the Colonial Library: teaching Political Studies amidst calls for a decolonised curriculum
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142191 , vital:38057 , DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2018.1418204
- Description: This paper engages with Mudimbe's concept of the ‘colonial library’ with the aim of using this engagement to contribute to current debates about decolonising South African university curricula. The term ‘colonial library’ refers to the body of texts and epistemological order which construct Africa as a symbol of otherness and inferiority. Mudimbe shows that even the most determined attempts to resist the colonial library draw on this same epistemological order. This presents a profound challenge for attempts to decolonise university curricula as it suggests that the colonial library's reach extends into attempts to dismantle it. In response to this challenge, I discuss ways in which we can oppose epistemological ethnocentrism and argue that we need to be open to the possibility of the emancipatory reappropriation of aspects of the colonial library. The paper concludes by relating the foregoing discussion to the South African political studies classroom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142191 , vital:38057 , DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2018.1418204
- Description: This paper engages with Mudimbe's concept of the ‘colonial library’ with the aim of using this engagement to contribute to current debates about decolonising South African university curricula. The term ‘colonial library’ refers to the body of texts and epistemological order which construct Africa as a symbol of otherness and inferiority. Mudimbe shows that even the most determined attempts to resist the colonial library draw on this same epistemological order. This presents a profound challenge for attempts to decolonise university curricula as it suggests that the colonial library's reach extends into attempts to dismantle it. In response to this challenge, I discuss ways in which we can oppose epistemological ethnocentrism and argue that we need to be open to the possibility of the emancipatory reappropriation of aspects of the colonial library. The paper concludes by relating the foregoing discussion to the South African political studies classroom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Conjugation of isoniazid to a zinc phthalocyanine via hydrazone linkage for pH-dependent liposomal controlled release
- Nkanga, Christian I, Krause, Rui W M
- Authors: Nkanga, Christian I , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/194992 , vital:45517 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0776-y"
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of mortality from infectious diseases. Extended TB treatment and frequent adverse effects, due to poor bioavailability of anti-tubercular drugs (ATBDs), represent the main rationales behind liposomal encapsulation for controlled delivery. Liposomes have been reported as potential vehicles for targeted delivery of ATBDs due to their rapid uptake by macrophages, which are known as the main host cells for TB causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Additionally, the need for controlled release of ATBDs arises because leakage is part of the key liposome challenges for hydrophilic compounds like isoniazid (INH). In this study, INH was conjugated to a highly hydrophobic photosensitizer, zinc (II) phthalocyanine (PC), through hydrazone bonding. The obtained conjugate (PC–INH) was encapsulated in liposomes by film hydration method. PC–INH loaded liposomes (PILs) were characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and UV–Vis absorption spectrometry, which was used also for estimation of encapsulation efficiency (î). INH release was evaluated in different pH media using dialysis. Particle size, zeta potential and î of PILs were about 506 nm, − 55 mV and 72%, respectively. Over 12 h, PILs exhibited 22, 41, 97 and 100% of INH, respectively, released in pH 7.4, 6.4, 5.4 and 4.4 media. This pH-dependent behavior is attractive for site-specific delivery. These findings suggest the conjugation of chemotherapeutics to phthalocyanines using pH-labile linkages as a potential strategy for liposomal controlled release.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nkanga, Christian I , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/194992 , vital:45517 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0776-y"
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of mortality from infectious diseases. Extended TB treatment and frequent adverse effects, due to poor bioavailability of anti-tubercular drugs (ATBDs), represent the main rationales behind liposomal encapsulation for controlled delivery. Liposomes have been reported as potential vehicles for targeted delivery of ATBDs due to their rapid uptake by macrophages, which are known as the main host cells for TB causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Additionally, the need for controlled release of ATBDs arises because leakage is part of the key liposome challenges for hydrophilic compounds like isoniazid (INH). In this study, INH was conjugated to a highly hydrophobic photosensitizer, zinc (II) phthalocyanine (PC), through hydrazone bonding. The obtained conjugate (PC–INH) was encapsulated in liposomes by film hydration method. PC–INH loaded liposomes (PILs) were characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and UV–Vis absorption spectrometry, which was used also for estimation of encapsulation efficiency (î). INH release was evaluated in different pH media using dialysis. Particle size, zeta potential and î of PILs were about 506 nm, − 55 mV and 72%, respectively. Over 12 h, PILs exhibited 22, 41, 97 and 100% of INH, respectively, released in pH 7.4, 6.4, 5.4 and 4.4 media. This pH-dependent behavior is attractive for site-specific delivery. These findings suggest the conjugation of chemotherapeutics to phthalocyanines using pH-labile linkages as a potential strategy for liposomal controlled release.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Connecting with home, keeping in touch: physical and virtual mobility across stretched families in sub-Saharan Africa
- Porter, Gina, Hampshire, Kate, Abane, Albert, Munthali, Alister, Robson, Elsbeth, Tanle, Augustine, Owusu, Samuel, de Lannoy , Ariane, Bango , Andisiwe
- Authors: Porter, Gina , Hampshire, Kate , Abane, Albert , Munthali, Alister , Robson, Elsbeth , Tanle, Augustine , Owusu, Samuel , de Lannoy , Ariane , Bango , Andisiwe
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5240 , vital:44414 , https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/connecting-with-home-keeping-in-touch-physical-and-virtual-mobility-across-stretched-families-in-subsaharan-africa/937D8F364AEC4397912B1F0BD9A26285
- Description: There is a long history of migration among low-income families in sub-SaharanAfrica, in which (usually young, often male) members leave home to seek theirfortune in what are perceived to be more favourable locations. While the physicaland virtual mobility practices of such stretched families are often complex andcontingent, maintaining contact with distantly located close kin is frequently ofcrucial importance for the maintenance of emotional (and possibly material)well-being, both for those who have left home and for those who remain. Thisarticle explores the ways in which these connections are being reshaped by increas-ing access to mobile phones in three sub-Saharan countries–Ghana, Malawi andSouth Africa–drawing on interdisciplinary, mixed-methods research fromtwenty-four sites, ranging from poor urban neighbourhoods to remote ruralhamlets. Stories collected from both ends of stretched families present a worldin which the connectivities now offered by the mobile phone bring a differentkind of closeness and knowing, as instant sociality introduces a potential substi-tute for letters, cassettes and face-to-face visits, while the rapid resource mobiliza-tion opportunities identified by those still at home impose increasing pressures onmigrant kin
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Porter, Gina , Hampshire, Kate , Abane, Albert , Munthali, Alister , Robson, Elsbeth , Tanle, Augustine , Owusu, Samuel , de Lannoy , Ariane , Bango , Andisiwe
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5240 , vital:44414 , https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/connecting-with-home-keeping-in-touch-physical-and-virtual-mobility-across-stretched-families-in-subsaharan-africa/937D8F364AEC4397912B1F0BD9A26285
- Description: There is a long history of migration among low-income families in sub-SaharanAfrica, in which (usually young, often male) members leave home to seek theirfortune in what are perceived to be more favourable locations. While the physicaland virtual mobility practices of such stretched families are often complex andcontingent, maintaining contact with distantly located close kin is frequently ofcrucial importance for the maintenance of emotional (and possibly material)well-being, both for those who have left home and for those who remain. Thisarticle explores the ways in which these connections are being reshaped by increas-ing access to mobile phones in three sub-Saharan countries–Ghana, Malawi andSouth Africa–drawing on interdisciplinary, mixed-methods research fromtwenty-four sites, ranging from poor urban neighbourhoods to remote ruralhamlets. Stories collected from both ends of stretched families present a worldin which the connectivities now offered by the mobile phone bring a differentkind of closeness and knowing, as instant sociality introduces a potential substi-tute for letters, cassettes and face-to-face visits, while the rapid resource mobiliza-tion opportunities identified by those still at home impose increasing pressures onmigrant kin
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Conservation and human livelihoods at the crossroads: Local needs and knowledge in the management of Arabuko Sokoke Forest
- Chiawo, David O, Kombe, Wellington N, Craig, Adrian J F K
- Authors: Chiawo, David O , Kombe, Wellington N , Craig, Adrian J F K
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448843 , vital:74765 , https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12462
- Description: Arabuko Sokoke Forest is the largest remaining single block of indigenous dry coastal tropical forest in Eastern Africa. Households within a 5 km buffer zone depend heavily on the forest for their livelihood needs, and the pressure on forest resources is on the increase. In May 2015, 109 households were interviewed on resources they obtain from the forest, in terms of the self‐reported level of monthly income. We found household income and farm size significantly positively correlated with benefits from the forest, highlighting the possible influence of household wealth in exploiting forest resources. A large proportion of households (32%) had limited knowledge of local birds, while human–bird conflict was reported by 44% of the households. While many households were keen to participate in conservation projects that maintain the forest, 44% had no knowledge of the forest management plan, and 60% of those interviewed had no idea of how forest zones were designated for particular activities. Drivers for local community participation in conservation projects appear to be sustainable income and fulfilment of basic household needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chiawo, David O , Kombe, Wellington N , Craig, Adrian J F K
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448843 , vital:74765 , https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12462
- Description: Arabuko Sokoke Forest is the largest remaining single block of indigenous dry coastal tropical forest in Eastern Africa. Households within a 5 km buffer zone depend heavily on the forest for their livelihood needs, and the pressure on forest resources is on the increase. In May 2015, 109 households were interviewed on resources they obtain from the forest, in terms of the self‐reported level of monthly income. We found household income and farm size significantly positively correlated with benefits from the forest, highlighting the possible influence of household wealth in exploiting forest resources. A large proportion of households (32%) had limited knowledge of local birds, while human–bird conflict was reported by 44% of the households. While many households were keen to participate in conservation projects that maintain the forest, 44% had no knowledge of the forest management plan, and 60% of those interviewed had no idea of how forest zones were designated for particular activities. Drivers for local community participation in conservation projects appear to be sustainable income and fulfilment of basic household needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Constitutional and human-rights aspects of marine spatial planning
- Authors: Chasakara, Rachael Sharon
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Human rights , Marine resources development -- Law and legislation Law of the sea
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23470 , vital:30566
- Description: The importance of oceans cannot be overstated as they are vital for the environmental and economic well-being of South Africa. The state of South Africa’s ocean is on the decline due to increased human activities within its waters, which have caused devastation among marine resources that are limited in space, time and amount. These activities have caused elevated competition among ocean users resulting in undesirable effects such as loss of biodiversity. The challenge is not that these human activities are unregulated or unplanned, rather that there are planned and regulated on a sectoral basis by different sectors each with its own specific approach to the allocation and use of the ocean space. There is, therefore, a need for a holistic approach to ocean governance that views the ocean as a whole and not merely on a sectoral basis. The relatively new notion of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) which establishes its authority in MSP instruments,1 has emerged as a comprehensive way to achieve this. This dissertation grapples with the questions surrounding whether the MSP instruments are consistent with the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution). The dissertation departs by providing a background into the spatial jurisdiction of coastal states in the ocean space to clarify how far at sea South Africa can exercise its authority. This study concluded that even though the area of application claimed by the MSP Bill is consistent with the internationally prescribed territory of coastal states at sea, the MSP Bill should expressly state the different sovereign rights vested in coastal states by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (‘the LOSC’) subject to the rights of other states in these waters. From here, the dissertation ventures into an analysis of which organs of state will be responsible for the development and implementation of MSP since it is an exercise of public power by the state. This part of the discussion involves inter alia an in-depth analysis of the separation of powers doctrine as far as planning matters are concerned. An essential premise is that MSP regulation requires all spheres of government to cooperate with each other. It is proposed that the MSP Bill should 1 The MSP Bill, GN 347 in GG 39847 of 2016-03-24 and the National MSP Framework for South Africa, GN 936 in GG 40219 of 2016-08-19. provide how these spheres of government should work together for the successful implementation of MSP. This dissertation then proceeds to discuss the right to equality, the environmental right, and the right to freedom of trade, occupation and profession which could potentially be impacted by the implementation of MSP. It is submitted that in the implementation of MSP, the goal must be to achieve an appropriate balance amongst these competing rights. Finally, considering the above analysis and discussions this dissertation moves to propose recommendations on how the MSP instruments can be amended to give effect to the requirements of these rights. Generally, the findings of this research reflect the consistency of the MSP instruments with the Constitution. However, for MSP to be implemented constitutionally, the proposed recommendations must be adhered to.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chasakara, Rachael Sharon
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Human rights , Marine resources development -- Law and legislation Law of the sea
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23470 , vital:30566
- Description: The importance of oceans cannot be overstated as they are vital for the environmental and economic well-being of South Africa. The state of South Africa’s ocean is on the decline due to increased human activities within its waters, which have caused devastation among marine resources that are limited in space, time and amount. These activities have caused elevated competition among ocean users resulting in undesirable effects such as loss of biodiversity. The challenge is not that these human activities are unregulated or unplanned, rather that there are planned and regulated on a sectoral basis by different sectors each with its own specific approach to the allocation and use of the ocean space. There is, therefore, a need for a holistic approach to ocean governance that views the ocean as a whole and not merely on a sectoral basis. The relatively new notion of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) which establishes its authority in MSP instruments,1 has emerged as a comprehensive way to achieve this. This dissertation grapples with the questions surrounding whether the MSP instruments are consistent with the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution). The dissertation departs by providing a background into the spatial jurisdiction of coastal states in the ocean space to clarify how far at sea South Africa can exercise its authority. This study concluded that even though the area of application claimed by the MSP Bill is consistent with the internationally prescribed territory of coastal states at sea, the MSP Bill should expressly state the different sovereign rights vested in coastal states by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (‘the LOSC’) subject to the rights of other states in these waters. From here, the dissertation ventures into an analysis of which organs of state will be responsible for the development and implementation of MSP since it is an exercise of public power by the state. This part of the discussion involves inter alia an in-depth analysis of the separation of powers doctrine as far as planning matters are concerned. An essential premise is that MSP regulation requires all spheres of government to cooperate with each other. It is proposed that the MSP Bill should 1 The MSP Bill, GN 347 in GG 39847 of 2016-03-24 and the National MSP Framework for South Africa, GN 936 in GG 40219 of 2016-08-19. provide how these spheres of government should work together for the successful implementation of MSP. This dissertation then proceeds to discuss the right to equality, the environmental right, and the right to freedom of trade, occupation and profession which could potentially be impacted by the implementation of MSP. It is submitted that in the implementation of MSP, the goal must be to achieve an appropriate balance amongst these competing rights. Finally, considering the above analysis and discussions this dissertation moves to propose recommendations on how the MSP instruments can be amended to give effect to the requirements of these rights. Generally, the findings of this research reflect the consistency of the MSP instruments with the Constitution. However, for MSP to be implemented constitutionally, the proposed recommendations must be adhered to.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Constructing an EMF radiation Hygeia framework and model to demonstrate a public interest override
- Authors: Lech, James Chrystopher
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electromagnetic fields , Electromagnetic fields -- Health aspects , Electromagnetic fields -- Measurement , Public interest , Radiation -- Measurement , HYGEIA , Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58695 , vital:27364
- Description: Scientific views on EMF radiation dosimetry and models increasingly suggest that even a tiny increase in the incidence of diseases resulting from exposure to EMF radiation could have broad¹ implications for public health, social accounting and the economy. In South Africa (SA) there is no national EMF radiation exposure protection standard, statutory monitoring or regulations. Multinational High Court deliberations indicate the need for public interest EMF radiation exposure protection standards in South Africa. Domestic citizens, academics, as well as regulatory and legislative practitioners, are unable to effectively monitor and investigate EMF radiation exposure emissions from infrastructure sources, because industries refuse to provide the required data. Industries have, since 2003, continually obstructed access to the data and the establishment of a national EMF radiation standard, citing that it would be in conflict with their strategic economic interests. The demonstration of a public interest override (PIO) function is legislatively required to gain access to the required data. This study constructed (1) a framework and (2) a model to perform test simulations against the (3) PIO criteria to demonstrate a PIO function and tested one PIO simulation scenario. Testing the PIO scenario firstly required the construction of a public interest framework, drawing input from multiple disciplines. The framework literature review used systematic case law and scientific-technical analysis whilst the framework science sought to understand the connections, feedbacks, and trajectories that occur as a result of natural and human system processes and exchanges. The EMF radiation exposure system functions to support human wellbeing needs and to explore the benefits and losses associated with alternative futures with the goal to uncover the current and future limits thereof. In the second instance a HYGEIA² model was selected as a base investigation and forecast simulation tool. The study had to uncover the key attributes and parameters necessary to construct and to run successful EMF radiation exposure simulations. Thereafter the HYGEIA model was modified to specifically identify and evaluate EMF radiation exposure hazard conditions. Through subsequent simulation runs, the constructed framework was then tested. Requested anthroposphere information was synthesized within a systems model to forecast ecosystem services and human-use dynamics under alternative scenarios. The simulation used the model, the model references and the framework for guidelines, thus allowing multiple simulation / demonstration runs for different contexts or scenarios. The third step was the construction of a PIO checklist which guides criteria testing and provides a means of gaining pertinent information for further studies, based on this dissertation. Framework EMF radiation policy inputs into the model were intersected with identified vulnerable area facilities which were selected based on international criteria. The research output revealed potential EMF radiation violations which served as system feedback inputs in support of a demonstrated PIO function. The research recommends that the identified EMF radiation exposure violations of public health undergo a Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) judicial review process to confirm the research findings. The judicial qualification of a PAIA PIO function of ‘substances released into the environment’ and ‘public safety or environmental risk’ would enable access to EMF radiation emissions data essential to future studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Lech, James Chrystopher
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electromagnetic fields , Electromagnetic fields -- Health aspects , Electromagnetic fields -- Measurement , Public interest , Radiation -- Measurement , HYGEIA , Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58695 , vital:27364
- Description: Scientific views on EMF radiation dosimetry and models increasingly suggest that even a tiny increase in the incidence of diseases resulting from exposure to EMF radiation could have broad¹ implications for public health, social accounting and the economy. In South Africa (SA) there is no national EMF radiation exposure protection standard, statutory monitoring or regulations. Multinational High Court deliberations indicate the need for public interest EMF radiation exposure protection standards in South Africa. Domestic citizens, academics, as well as regulatory and legislative practitioners, are unable to effectively monitor and investigate EMF radiation exposure emissions from infrastructure sources, because industries refuse to provide the required data. Industries have, since 2003, continually obstructed access to the data and the establishment of a national EMF radiation standard, citing that it would be in conflict with their strategic economic interests. The demonstration of a public interest override (PIO) function is legislatively required to gain access to the required data. This study constructed (1) a framework and (2) a model to perform test simulations against the (3) PIO criteria to demonstrate a PIO function and tested one PIO simulation scenario. Testing the PIO scenario firstly required the construction of a public interest framework, drawing input from multiple disciplines. The framework literature review used systematic case law and scientific-technical analysis whilst the framework science sought to understand the connections, feedbacks, and trajectories that occur as a result of natural and human system processes and exchanges. The EMF radiation exposure system functions to support human wellbeing needs and to explore the benefits and losses associated with alternative futures with the goal to uncover the current and future limits thereof. In the second instance a HYGEIA² model was selected as a base investigation and forecast simulation tool. The study had to uncover the key attributes and parameters necessary to construct and to run successful EMF radiation exposure simulations. Thereafter the HYGEIA model was modified to specifically identify and evaluate EMF radiation exposure hazard conditions. Through subsequent simulation runs, the constructed framework was then tested. Requested anthroposphere information was synthesized within a systems model to forecast ecosystem services and human-use dynamics under alternative scenarios. The simulation used the model, the model references and the framework for guidelines, thus allowing multiple simulation / demonstration runs for different contexts or scenarios. The third step was the construction of a PIO checklist which guides criteria testing and provides a means of gaining pertinent information for further studies, based on this dissertation. Framework EMF radiation policy inputs into the model were intersected with identified vulnerable area facilities which were selected based on international criteria. The research output revealed potential EMF radiation violations which served as system feedback inputs in support of a demonstrated PIO function. The research recommends that the identified EMF radiation exposure violations of public health undergo a Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) judicial review process to confirm the research findings. The judicial qualification of a PAIA PIO function of ‘substances released into the environment’ and ‘public safety or environmental risk’ would enable access to EMF radiation emissions data essential to future studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018