A multistep synthesis of zidovudine in continuous flow systems
- Authors: Kwakhanya, Mkwakwi
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: HIV -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Diagnosis , Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69393 , vital:77251
- Description: Universal access to antiretroviral drugs is still a challenge in developing nations. This promoted an investigation into an efficient process towards the synthesis of zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that is used to treat HIV/AIDS. It was the first antiretroviral drug approved by the FDA and it is still widely used today. AZT works by blocking the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is used by HIV to copy its genetic material. This prevents HIV from replicating and spreading throughout the body. AZT is usually taken in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. AZT was originally used as a single-drug therapy, but it is no longer recommended for this purpose as HIV can become resistant to AZT if it is used alone. Consequently, AZT is most commonly used as part of a combination therapy; this means that it is taken with other antiretroviral drugs. This helps to prevent HIV from becoming resistant to AZT. AZT can be used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV; it is usually given to HIV-positive women during pregnancy and childbirth. AZT can also be used to treat post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP); this is a course of antiretroviral drugs that is taken after a possible exposure to HIV. The application of continuous flow microreactors to reaction chemistries, such as this, could provide a potentially practical solution that could be used to meet the rising needs for antiretroviral drugs in Africa and to give new opportunities for efficient local drug manufacture. Consequently, the focus of this research was to develop safe and efficient processes towards AZT by taking advantage of micro reactor technology. Furthermore, since there is no literature on continuous flow synthesis of this drug, this research extensively unearthed interesting continuous flow processes towards zidovudine. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Kwakhanya, Mkwakwi
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: HIV -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Diagnosis , Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69393 , vital:77251
- Description: Universal access to antiretroviral drugs is still a challenge in developing nations. This promoted an investigation into an efficient process towards the synthesis of zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that is used to treat HIV/AIDS. It was the first antiretroviral drug approved by the FDA and it is still widely used today. AZT works by blocking the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is used by HIV to copy its genetic material. This prevents HIV from replicating and spreading throughout the body. AZT is usually taken in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. AZT was originally used as a single-drug therapy, but it is no longer recommended for this purpose as HIV can become resistant to AZT if it is used alone. Consequently, AZT is most commonly used as part of a combination therapy; this means that it is taken with other antiretroviral drugs. This helps to prevent HIV from becoming resistant to AZT. AZT can be used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV; it is usually given to HIV-positive women during pregnancy and childbirth. AZT can also be used to treat post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP); this is a course of antiretroviral drugs that is taken after a possible exposure to HIV. The application of continuous flow microreactors to reaction chemistries, such as this, could provide a potentially practical solution that could be used to meet the rising needs for antiretroviral drugs in Africa and to give new opportunities for efficient local drug manufacture. Consequently, the focus of this research was to develop safe and efficient processes towards AZT by taking advantage of micro reactor technology. Furthermore, since there is no literature on continuous flow synthesis of this drug, this research extensively unearthed interesting continuous flow processes towards zidovudine. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
A relevant intervention on nutrition transition among Isixhosa speaking people in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Fordjour Afriyie, Vera
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Nutrition -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Nutrition -- Social aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69760 , vital:78026
- Description: The nutrition transition, characterised by a shift from traditional, nutrient-dense diets to Westernised, energy-dense, and nutrient-poor diets, has significant health implications globally. In South Africa (SA), particularly among the isiXhosa-speaking population in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB), this transition has led to the dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition, increasing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity and diabetes. Despite the prevalence of this nutrition phenomenon, limited research has explored the perceptions of nutrition transition among South African communities, although there is literature about the transition itself. Most studies on the research subject were undertaken in Asian and European countries and America. Generally, studies regarding the nutrition transition emphasise the importance of early public health interventions to prevent the transition from reaching critical levels. This research study aimed to answer the question: How do isiXhosa-speaking people in NMB perceive nutritional transition, and what are their knowledge and practices concerning traditional foods? This study’s primary aim was to identify and evaluate the NMB isiXhosa-speaking population’s perceptions regarding nutrition transition and their knowledge and practices concerning traditional foods. Subsequently, the study aimed to develop and test an educational intervention to promote traditional African diets and mitigate the adverse effects of nutrition transition. The researcher employed a multi-method approach, encompassing quantitative and qualitative methods and an exploratory, descriptive, and contextual approach to enhance the research design. Ethical principles guided the study, including autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. The study comprised two phases. Participants were selected through a stratified, clustered sampling technique. In the first phase, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire, and a knowledge and practices The participants were isiXhosa-speaking NMB residents older than 18 years of age. The second phase utilised the first-phase findings to develop an intervention programme. The intervention was implemented, and its efficacy was evaluated through post-intervention surveys, sensory evaluation, and a three-month telephonic follow-up. The findings indicated a significant decline in traditional food knowledge (TFK) and practices among the participants, with a marked shift towards Westernised diets. The primary factors driving this transition were urbanisation, economic constraints, and a lack of awareness about the nutritional benefits of traditional foods. The intervention programme, which included educational workshops and a sensory evaluation using indigenous crops, resulted in improved knowledge and practices regarding indigenous crops among the participants. Post-intervention data showed increased dietary diversity and a greater inclusion of traditional foods in daily diets. The study concluded that nutrition transition poses a significant challenge to the health and well-being of isiXhosa-speaking individuals in NMB. However, targeted interventions that promote traditional African diets can effectively address this issue. The study recommends that policymakers and public health practitioners incorporate culturally relevant and community-driven strategies to promote traditional food consumption. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of such interventions and explore scalable models for broader implementation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
A relevant intervention on nutrition transition among Isixhosa speaking people in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Fordjour Afriyie, Vera
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Nutrition -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Nutrition -- Social aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69760 , vital:78026
- Description: The nutrition transition, characterised by a shift from traditional, nutrient-dense diets to Westernised, energy-dense, and nutrient-poor diets, has significant health implications globally. In South Africa (SA), particularly among the isiXhosa-speaking population in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB), this transition has led to the dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition, increasing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity and diabetes. Despite the prevalence of this nutrition phenomenon, limited research has explored the perceptions of nutrition transition among South African communities, although there is literature about the transition itself. Most studies on the research subject were undertaken in Asian and European countries and America. Generally, studies regarding the nutrition transition emphasise the importance of early public health interventions to prevent the transition from reaching critical levels. This research study aimed to answer the question: How do isiXhosa-speaking people in NMB perceive nutritional transition, and what are their knowledge and practices concerning traditional foods? This study’s primary aim was to identify and evaluate the NMB isiXhosa-speaking population’s perceptions regarding nutrition transition and their knowledge and practices concerning traditional foods. Subsequently, the study aimed to develop and test an educational intervention to promote traditional African diets and mitigate the adverse effects of nutrition transition. The researcher employed a multi-method approach, encompassing quantitative and qualitative methods and an exploratory, descriptive, and contextual approach to enhance the research design. Ethical principles guided the study, including autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. The study comprised two phases. Participants were selected through a stratified, clustered sampling technique. In the first phase, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire, and a knowledge and practices The participants were isiXhosa-speaking NMB residents older than 18 years of age. The second phase utilised the first-phase findings to develop an intervention programme. The intervention was implemented, and its efficacy was evaluated through post-intervention surveys, sensory evaluation, and a three-month telephonic follow-up. The findings indicated a significant decline in traditional food knowledge (TFK) and practices among the participants, with a marked shift towards Westernised diets. The primary factors driving this transition were urbanisation, economic constraints, and a lack of awareness about the nutritional benefits of traditional foods. The intervention programme, which included educational workshops and a sensory evaluation using indigenous crops, resulted in improved knowledge and practices regarding indigenous crops among the participants. Post-intervention data showed increased dietary diversity and a greater inclusion of traditional foods in daily diets. The study concluded that nutrition transition poses a significant challenge to the health and well-being of isiXhosa-speaking individuals in NMB. However, targeted interventions that promote traditional African diets can effectively address this issue. The study recommends that policymakers and public health practitioners incorporate culturally relevant and community-driven strategies to promote traditional food consumption. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of such interventions and explore scalable models for broader implementation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
A strategy towards an it governance-focused implementation of Egovernment initiatives in the Eastern Cape provincial government
- Authors: Magade, Siyabonga
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Internet in public administration , Government communication systems , Public administration -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68725 , vital:77085
- Description: ICT plays a very important role in transforming organisations as well as governments around the world through eGovernment. A good implementation of eGovernment promises to transform and enhance the provision of services to citizens. The benefits of eGovernment will enable the transparency of government and engender the trust of its citizens therein. Citizens will have access to online government services that will minimise the long queues that citizens need to endure to access government services. eGovernment implementation requires ICT technologies, however, dependency on the implementation of ICT technologies to drive eGovernment initiatives will not alone succeed in transforming the delivery of services in government. Therefore, the implementation of ICT technologies in government must be focused on good IT governance principles. Such principles enable the executive council and management to direct and control the application both now and in the future of use of ICT in government. Therefore, this study develops a strategy artefact that is focused on good IT governance principles to assist in the execution of eGovernment programs in the Eastern Cape Provincial Government. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Information Technology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Magade, Siyabonga
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Internet in public administration , Government communication systems , Public administration -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68725 , vital:77085
- Description: ICT plays a very important role in transforming organisations as well as governments around the world through eGovernment. A good implementation of eGovernment promises to transform and enhance the provision of services to citizens. The benefits of eGovernment will enable the transparency of government and engender the trust of its citizens therein. Citizens will have access to online government services that will minimise the long queues that citizens need to endure to access government services. eGovernment implementation requires ICT technologies, however, dependency on the implementation of ICT technologies to drive eGovernment initiatives will not alone succeed in transforming the delivery of services in government. Therefore, the implementation of ICT technologies in government must be focused on good IT governance principles. Such principles enable the executive council and management to direct and control the application both now and in the future of use of ICT in government. Therefore, this study develops a strategy artefact that is focused on good IT governance principles to assist in the execution of eGovernment programs in the Eastern Cape Provincial Government. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Information Technology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Achievement in mathematics through self-directed learning facilitation: an impact evaluation of an offline technological approach
- Authors: Zinn, Paméla Olive
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Mathematical ability , Academic achievement -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68385 , vital:76992
- Description: International assessments indicate that mathematics education in South Africa is still in a crisis of significant proportions. This is reflected in the low pass rate of Grade 12 mathematics learners in South Africa in general, and in the Eastern Cape Province in particular. In response, the Govan Mbeki Mathematics Development Center (GMMDC) of the Nelson Mandela University (NMU) in the Eastern Cape developed an intervention strategy. A Techno-Blended support Model for teaching and learning mathematics (TBM), used as an intervention strategy, provides learners with potential from disadvantaged communities and under-resourced schools with 21st-century education technology. The defining features of the strategy which distinguishes it from others are that it is technology-enhanced, providing the learner access to mathematics teaching and learning without the need for Internet connectivity, that is, offline, incorporating blended learning into the approach. This ex-post study, using secondary analysis, evaluates the impact of the defining features of the strategy on learners' self-directed learning skills acquisition or enhancement for mathematics learning. Firstly, statistical analysis of secondary qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods approach, with primary qualitative data integrated into the secondary qualitative data employing quantification, is undertaken. The quantified data is then compared with the quantitative data (methodologic triangulation technique). Secondly, the theory-based Contribution Analysis is undertaken to increase the validity and credibility of the findings of the statistical analysis, providing an additional layer of triangulation. The study revealed that providing 21st-century digital education technology for use offline, within a blended learning environment, leads to a significant improvement in learner mathematics knowledge; conceptual understanding; positive self-perceptions; and finally, to the required intrinsic motivation to learn. Analysed data, obtained from the original study, indicates a positive correlation between learners who participated in the intervention strategy and enrolment in STEM-related courses at tertiary institutes. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Education, School of Postgraduate education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Zinn, Paméla Olive
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Mathematical ability , Academic achievement -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68385 , vital:76992
- Description: International assessments indicate that mathematics education in South Africa is still in a crisis of significant proportions. This is reflected in the low pass rate of Grade 12 mathematics learners in South Africa in general, and in the Eastern Cape Province in particular. In response, the Govan Mbeki Mathematics Development Center (GMMDC) of the Nelson Mandela University (NMU) in the Eastern Cape developed an intervention strategy. A Techno-Blended support Model for teaching and learning mathematics (TBM), used as an intervention strategy, provides learners with potential from disadvantaged communities and under-resourced schools with 21st-century education technology. The defining features of the strategy which distinguishes it from others are that it is technology-enhanced, providing the learner access to mathematics teaching and learning without the need for Internet connectivity, that is, offline, incorporating blended learning into the approach. This ex-post study, using secondary analysis, evaluates the impact of the defining features of the strategy on learners' self-directed learning skills acquisition or enhancement for mathematics learning. Firstly, statistical analysis of secondary qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods approach, with primary qualitative data integrated into the secondary qualitative data employing quantification, is undertaken. The quantified data is then compared with the quantitative data (methodologic triangulation technique). Secondly, the theory-based Contribution Analysis is undertaken to increase the validity and credibility of the findings of the statistical analysis, providing an additional layer of triangulation. The study revealed that providing 21st-century digital education technology for use offline, within a blended learning environment, leads to a significant improvement in learner mathematics knowledge; conceptual understanding; positive self-perceptions; and finally, to the required intrinsic motivation to learn. Analysed data, obtained from the original study, indicates a positive correlation between learners who participated in the intervention strategy and enrolment in STEM-related courses at tertiary institutes. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Education, School of Postgraduate education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Amagqirha (Xhosa diviners) and the treatment of mental illness: exploring indigenous healing practices and the potential for integrating indigenous knowledge into psychology training
- Authors: Klaas, Fihliwe
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Mental illness -- Treatment , Psychology -- Africa , Healers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69860 , vital:78042
- Description: This study focuses on Amagqirha kwa Xhosa (diviners) who are traditional healers within the Xhosa community. Despite their impact and footprint in the communities, there is limited knowledge regarding their role in managing mental health illnesses, particularly the kind of techniques they employ. In light of this, the study is aimed at exploring the types of techniques and interventions utilized by Amagqirha kwa Xhosa in treating psychological problems and assessing how the knowledge can be incorporated into the training of psychologists. The study employed a qualitative approach with semi-structured one-on-one interviews, using purposive and snowballing sampling strategies. Eight traditional healers from the Nelson Mandela Bay municipality, Eastern Cape, participated in the study, and thematic data analysis was utilised to analyse the data. Two primary themes were revealed in Amagqirha’s experiences with treating mental illness, and the first set core themes are 1. Ukuxilonga (Diagnosing) and 2. Izinto ngokwa ses’Xhoseni ezenza ingulo ye ngqondo (Xhosa Realities and Causes of Mental Illnesses). The second set of core themes revealed Amagqirha’s treatment methods and interventions, and these are 1.Indlela Zokunyanga Zesintu (Tradition Methods of Healing) and 2.Impawu zoxilongo olunemiphumela zobuGqirha (Treatment efficacy in traditional healing). The findings highlight the importance of recognizing diverse knowledge systems in Mental Health care, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches that respect and take into account cultural context and spirituality of the community/patients. Additionally, the study provides guidelines for mental health practitioners when dealing with clients who align with paradigms other than the Western biomedical paradigm or worldview, highlighting the importance of integrating varying paradigms in approaching mental health practice. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Klaas, Fihliwe
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Mental illness -- Treatment , Psychology -- Africa , Healers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69860 , vital:78042
- Description: This study focuses on Amagqirha kwa Xhosa (diviners) who are traditional healers within the Xhosa community. Despite their impact and footprint in the communities, there is limited knowledge regarding their role in managing mental health illnesses, particularly the kind of techniques they employ. In light of this, the study is aimed at exploring the types of techniques and interventions utilized by Amagqirha kwa Xhosa in treating psychological problems and assessing how the knowledge can be incorporated into the training of psychologists. The study employed a qualitative approach with semi-structured one-on-one interviews, using purposive and snowballing sampling strategies. Eight traditional healers from the Nelson Mandela Bay municipality, Eastern Cape, participated in the study, and thematic data analysis was utilised to analyse the data. Two primary themes were revealed in Amagqirha’s experiences with treating mental illness, and the first set core themes are 1. Ukuxilonga (Diagnosing) and 2. Izinto ngokwa ses’Xhoseni ezenza ingulo ye ngqondo (Xhosa Realities and Causes of Mental Illnesses). The second set of core themes revealed Amagqirha’s treatment methods and interventions, and these are 1.Indlela Zokunyanga Zesintu (Tradition Methods of Healing) and 2.Impawu zoxilongo olunemiphumela zobuGqirha (Treatment efficacy in traditional healing). The findings highlight the importance of recognizing diverse knowledge systems in Mental Health care, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches that respect and take into account cultural context and spirituality of the community/patients. Additionally, the study provides guidelines for mental health practitioners when dealing with clients who align with paradigms other than the Western biomedical paradigm or worldview, highlighting the importance of integrating varying paradigms in approaching mental health practice. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural & Lifestyle Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Ammendments to the labour law relations act 66 of 1995 to addressing violent and intractable strikes
- Authors: Gavu, Siphelele
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa , Strikes and lockouts -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Labor disputes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68692 , vital:77082
- Description: The main research question for this treatise is to determine whether the South African legal framework provides effective regulations in curbing violent and intractable strikes. To answer the research question, the research explored the evolution of the right to strike in South Africa, analysing its socio-economic impact and the transition from a repressive regime to a democratic one. The study assessed international, regional, and national legal frameworks, focusing on the right to strike and its regulation. Amendments to the LRA, including introducing rules for picketing, mandatory secret ballots for strikes, and advisory arbitration for dysfunctional strikes, were evaluated. The findings indicate that while these amendments represent a significant step in addressing the issues of violent strikes in an employment context, their effectiveness is limited. Persistent challenges include the frequent disregard by trade unions and their members for legal measures. This reflects the deeper socio- economic and political issues. The study suggests that the effectiveness of these legislative changes is hindered by ongoing social and economic inequalities, highlighting the need for broader socio-political solutions beyond legislative amendments. This comprehensive analysis explains the complexities surrounding strike actions in South Africa and the balance between upholding labour rights and maintaining workplace discipline and order. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of Mercantile Law, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Ammendments to the labour law relations act 66 of 1995 to addressing violent and intractable strikes
- Authors: Gavu, Siphelele
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa , Strikes and lockouts -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Labor disputes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68692 , vital:77082
- Description: The main research question for this treatise is to determine whether the South African legal framework provides effective regulations in curbing violent and intractable strikes. To answer the research question, the research explored the evolution of the right to strike in South Africa, analysing its socio-economic impact and the transition from a repressive regime to a democratic one. The study assessed international, regional, and national legal frameworks, focusing on the right to strike and its regulation. Amendments to the LRA, including introducing rules for picketing, mandatory secret ballots for strikes, and advisory arbitration for dysfunctional strikes, were evaluated. The findings indicate that while these amendments represent a significant step in addressing the issues of violent strikes in an employment context, their effectiveness is limited. Persistent challenges include the frequent disregard by trade unions and their members for legal measures. This reflects the deeper socio- economic and political issues. The study suggests that the effectiveness of these legislative changes is hindered by ongoing social and economic inequalities, highlighting the need for broader socio-political solutions beyond legislative amendments. This comprehensive analysis explains the complexities surrounding strike actions in South Africa and the balance between upholding labour rights and maintaining workplace discipline and order. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of Mercantile Law, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An analysis of employee morale and leadership styles at Benteler automotive Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: De Vos, Desmond
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Employee morale , Employee motivation , Leadership -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69553 , vital:77712
- Description: Benteler Automotive in the Eastern Cape has experienced challenges over the past five years due to a high rate of staff turnover at the leadership and management levels. As a result, the morale of the employees in the organisation was affected, resulting in decreased levels of job satisfaction, and productivity, high rates of absenteeism, and staff turnover. Hence, this study was conducted to assess employee morale and leadership styles and examine the impact of motivation, leadership styles, and human resource strategies on staff morale, with the intention of proposing managerial interventions to enhance employee morale within the organisation. The study was conducted within a positivist paradigm, and a quantitative research approach was used to investigate the phenomenon. Data were collected from a sample of 300 employees using a closed-ended questionnaire survey, and a response rate of 93% was achieved. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21 was used for analysing and reporting on data in line with the research objectives of the study. The analysed data were reported under descriptive and inferential statistical headings, where frequency of the Likert scale responses, measures of central tendencies, Pearson’s correlations, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were reported. The results of the study indicates that motivation, leadership styles and human resource strategies have a significantly positive influence on employee morale. On the other hand, the results also indicate, in general, that respondents were indifferent to most of the statements pertaining to leadership styles and human resource strategies. The study recommends that management consider implementing fundamental theoretical human resource strategies to enhance employee morale. These strategies include fostering human relations, providing continuous training opportunities to enhance employee knowledge, promoting new skills development, boosting self-confidence, and addressing concerns about job stability. The results of the study have provided practical and conceptual managerial and academic benefits within the field of management and leadership. A future study on the evaluation of the impact of leadership styles and cultural elements on employee morale is an essential element to consider, as it was not covered in this study. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: De Vos, Desmond
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Employee morale , Employee motivation , Leadership -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69553 , vital:77712
- Description: Benteler Automotive in the Eastern Cape has experienced challenges over the past five years due to a high rate of staff turnover at the leadership and management levels. As a result, the morale of the employees in the organisation was affected, resulting in decreased levels of job satisfaction, and productivity, high rates of absenteeism, and staff turnover. Hence, this study was conducted to assess employee morale and leadership styles and examine the impact of motivation, leadership styles, and human resource strategies on staff morale, with the intention of proposing managerial interventions to enhance employee morale within the organisation. The study was conducted within a positivist paradigm, and a quantitative research approach was used to investigate the phenomenon. Data were collected from a sample of 300 employees using a closed-ended questionnaire survey, and a response rate of 93% was achieved. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21 was used for analysing and reporting on data in line with the research objectives of the study. The analysed data were reported under descriptive and inferential statistical headings, where frequency of the Likert scale responses, measures of central tendencies, Pearson’s correlations, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were reported. The results of the study indicates that motivation, leadership styles and human resource strategies have a significantly positive influence on employee morale. On the other hand, the results also indicate, in general, that respondents were indifferent to most of the statements pertaining to leadership styles and human resource strategies. The study recommends that management consider implementing fundamental theoretical human resource strategies to enhance employee morale. These strategies include fostering human relations, providing continuous training opportunities to enhance employee knowledge, promoting new skills development, boosting self-confidence, and addressing concerns about job stability. The results of the study have provided practical and conceptual managerial and academic benefits within the field of management and leadership. A future study on the evaluation of the impact of leadership styles and cultural elements on employee morale is an essential element to consider, as it was not covered in this study. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An analysis of the credit scoring tool implemented by South African banks for vehicle asset financing
- Authors: Ntsingila, Themba
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Credit scoring systems , Consumer credit , Credit -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69972 , vital:78254
- Description: South Africa has been experiencing an increase in the number of people buying motor vehicles for primary reason of travelling from home to work and vice versa over the past years. However, there has been also an increase in the number of bad debts written off (bank repossessions) for vehicle asset financed through by the financial institutions. The risk that borrowers are not fulfilling their obligations present a huge risk to the bank as borrowing has become the leading function of the bank. This is proven by the volumes of different loans granted by banks to individuals (Kihuro and Iraya, 2018). Hartungi (2007:397) alludes that low-income earners tend to buy expensive motor vehicle which they cannot afford. It has been noted that the increased level of consumer’s indebtedness is due to unstable economy, frequent increase of petrol prices and interest rates increases. Vehicle financing face a higher probability of customers defaulting. The trend in the increase of the household credit granting became a concern for the South African government which led to the execution of the National credit act (NCA) on 1 June 2007 in a move to regulate the act particularly to protect the household in acquiring unnecessary credit. Companies are required to explore different ways of assisting their customers by reducing the high number of debts written off for motor vehicles. This study used the quantitative approach using the survey method to collect data from respondents who are credit managers in a bank based in Gauteng province. Data collection took place in a bank using a questionpro survey distributed by email to junior credit managers, credit managers and senior credit managers to administer an open-ended questionnaire. Responses received were codified and quantitative data was analysed using Statistical tools and packages including Statistica. This research aims to assist the financial institution(s) by performing better assessment in granting of credit for asset finance and by reducing several bad debts. It is the main aim of this academic exercise to bring to the fore the scholastic analysis to further enlighten the reader about the burden of reckless lending not only to individuals who are granted credit but also the approved financial institutions themselves. The study found variable respondents’ opinion of the analysis of the credit scoring tool used. In conclusion, is perceived that the use of correct credit scoring tool will reduce the number of bad debts written off. It can be recommended that a National Credit Act intervention could be applied to mitigate the risk of defaulting in credit assessment for loans granted to consumers. Therefore, the study seeks to first look at the credit scoring tool as a viable and relevant tool used for Vehicle Asset Financing (VAF) in the banking sector, and secondly attempt to provide novel ways to improve and enhance the current system with the sole aim to align with National Credit Regulator (NCR). , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Ntsingila, Themba
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Credit scoring systems , Consumer credit , Credit -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69972 , vital:78254
- Description: South Africa has been experiencing an increase in the number of people buying motor vehicles for primary reason of travelling from home to work and vice versa over the past years. However, there has been also an increase in the number of bad debts written off (bank repossessions) for vehicle asset financed through by the financial institutions. The risk that borrowers are not fulfilling their obligations present a huge risk to the bank as borrowing has become the leading function of the bank. This is proven by the volumes of different loans granted by banks to individuals (Kihuro and Iraya, 2018). Hartungi (2007:397) alludes that low-income earners tend to buy expensive motor vehicle which they cannot afford. It has been noted that the increased level of consumer’s indebtedness is due to unstable economy, frequent increase of petrol prices and interest rates increases. Vehicle financing face a higher probability of customers defaulting. The trend in the increase of the household credit granting became a concern for the South African government which led to the execution of the National credit act (NCA) on 1 June 2007 in a move to regulate the act particularly to protect the household in acquiring unnecessary credit. Companies are required to explore different ways of assisting their customers by reducing the high number of debts written off for motor vehicles. This study used the quantitative approach using the survey method to collect data from respondents who are credit managers in a bank based in Gauteng province. Data collection took place in a bank using a questionpro survey distributed by email to junior credit managers, credit managers and senior credit managers to administer an open-ended questionnaire. Responses received were codified and quantitative data was analysed using Statistical tools and packages including Statistica. This research aims to assist the financial institution(s) by performing better assessment in granting of credit for asset finance and by reducing several bad debts. It is the main aim of this academic exercise to bring to the fore the scholastic analysis to further enlighten the reader about the burden of reckless lending not only to individuals who are granted credit but also the approved financial institutions themselves. The study found variable respondents’ opinion of the analysis of the credit scoring tool used. In conclusion, is perceived that the use of correct credit scoring tool will reduce the number of bad debts written off. It can be recommended that a National Credit Act intervention could be applied to mitigate the risk of defaulting in credit assessment for loans granted to consumers. Therefore, the study seeks to first look at the credit scoring tool as a viable and relevant tool used for Vehicle Asset Financing (VAF) in the banking sector, and secondly attempt to provide novel ways to improve and enhance the current system with the sole aim to align with National Credit Regulator (NCR). , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An annotated catalogue and pedagogical approach to clarinet music by Southern African composers: 1995–2022
- Authors: Snyman, Grant
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Clarinet music , Clarinet and piano music , Composition (Music)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70405 , vital:78347
- Description: Documenting and cataloguing Southern African clarinet music for performing, teaching, and learning is one of the best ways to preserve the region’s heritage and rich musical identity. Globally, several publications contain annotated bibliographies for the clarinet repertoire, but only a limited number include works by Southern African composers. Continued research and cataloguing of clarinet-related literature is crucial for future developments of the clarinet within a Southern African context and ensuring that the music is not “lost” or that the composers remain unknown. In the past, clarinettists (students, performers, and educators) have experienced several issues when seeking reliable sources pertaining to works by Southern African composers. This newly formed database, archive, and catalogue will assist clarinettists in sourcing “unfamiliar” works and serve as a helpful multi-purpose tool. Recent research has shown an increased interest in creating catalogues for specific musical instruments. This catalogue will not only create an awareness of Southern African composers and their compositions but is presented in a user-friendly and easily accessible format. Although several Southern African compositions exist, they are not often performed or programmed. Besides not being included in concert performances, there is (1) a lack of interest and exposure to “new” repertoire for the clarinet in Southern Africa, (2) a general lack of commercially available recordings, (3) a lack of an extensive or inclusive resource, (4) a lack of information about these composers and access to their music, and (5) an unfamiliarity with contemporary works for the clarinet written by Southern African composers. Thus, an annotated catalogue of A and B♭ clarinet music composed by Southern African composers between 1995 and 2022 has been compiled and includes extended methods for the instrument and suggested teaching methods (facilitating preparation, interpretation, and informed approaches to the performance of Southern African compositions). Composers’ biographical details, an overview of the history of the clarinet and clarinet performance practices in each one of the selected countries, and a glossary of ‘new’ and extended techniques found in these ‘Southern African’ compositions have been included. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Visual and Performing Arts, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Snyman, Grant
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Clarinet music , Clarinet and piano music , Composition (Music)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70405 , vital:78347
- Description: Documenting and cataloguing Southern African clarinet music for performing, teaching, and learning is one of the best ways to preserve the region’s heritage and rich musical identity. Globally, several publications contain annotated bibliographies for the clarinet repertoire, but only a limited number include works by Southern African composers. Continued research and cataloguing of clarinet-related literature is crucial for future developments of the clarinet within a Southern African context and ensuring that the music is not “lost” or that the composers remain unknown. In the past, clarinettists (students, performers, and educators) have experienced several issues when seeking reliable sources pertaining to works by Southern African composers. This newly formed database, archive, and catalogue will assist clarinettists in sourcing “unfamiliar” works and serve as a helpful multi-purpose tool. Recent research has shown an increased interest in creating catalogues for specific musical instruments. This catalogue will not only create an awareness of Southern African composers and their compositions but is presented in a user-friendly and easily accessible format. Although several Southern African compositions exist, they are not often performed or programmed. Besides not being included in concert performances, there is (1) a lack of interest and exposure to “new” repertoire for the clarinet in Southern Africa, (2) a general lack of commercially available recordings, (3) a lack of an extensive or inclusive resource, (4) a lack of information about these composers and access to their music, and (5) an unfamiliarity with contemporary works for the clarinet written by Southern African composers. Thus, an annotated catalogue of A and B♭ clarinet music composed by Southern African composers between 1995 and 2022 has been compiled and includes extended methods for the instrument and suggested teaching methods (facilitating preparation, interpretation, and informed approaches to the performance of Southern African compositions). Composers’ biographical details, an overview of the history of the clarinet and clarinet performance practices in each one of the selected countries, and a glossary of ‘new’ and extended techniques found in these ‘Southern African’ compositions have been included. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Visual and Performing Arts, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An anthropological inquiry into intergenerational fashion influences on daughters/sons: selected cases in South Africa
- Maqhubu, Mantšeoane Elizabeth
- Authors: Maqhubu, Mantšeoane Elizabeth
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Clothing and dress -- Social aspects , Fashion -- Social aspects , Anthropology -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70330 , vital:78340
- Description: Clothes are a nonverbal expressive tool that provides data for perceptions. They indicate information about a person’s age, sex, personality, socioeconomic status, values, and political ideologies. What someone wears may communicate complex information about who they are to others around them, even when they may not be trying to communicate. At the same time, clothes are an extension or accessory for self-representation. This research delves into an anthropological exploration of intergenerational fashion influences on daughters and sons, focusing on selected cases in South Africa. The aim was to address existing gaps in understanding how contemporary individuals choose to dress and the significance they attribute to their clothing. The study explored diverse factors influencing personal style choices. The study applied narrative analysis theory to scrutinise the gathered information using semi-structured interviews with 15 participants and employing participant observation as an additional data collection method. The outcomes highlight a discernible generational shift in clothing trends, revealing both changes and continuities. Interestingly, the study challenges traditional gendered distinctions in fashion, indicating that men and women often exhibit more similarities than differences. The findings advocate for a more inclusive societal acceptance of diverse fashion expressions, breaking down stereotypes and suggesting that fashion transcends the conventional boundaries separating men's and women's attire. The study's implications include societal recognition and acceptance of the diversity inherent in personal style choices, transcending generational boundaries. This not only contributes to the academic understanding of social and cultural anthropology but also holds practical implications for fostering inclusivity and dismantling rigid notions surrounding attire. In simple terms, this study sparks conversations about how cultural traditions are changing. It encourages people to be more open-minded and accepting of the diverse ways individuals express their identity through fashion. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Maqhubu, Mantšeoane Elizabeth
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Clothing and dress -- Social aspects , Fashion -- Social aspects , Anthropology -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70330 , vital:78340
- Description: Clothes are a nonverbal expressive tool that provides data for perceptions. They indicate information about a person’s age, sex, personality, socioeconomic status, values, and political ideologies. What someone wears may communicate complex information about who they are to others around them, even when they may not be trying to communicate. At the same time, clothes are an extension or accessory for self-representation. This research delves into an anthropological exploration of intergenerational fashion influences on daughters and sons, focusing on selected cases in South Africa. The aim was to address existing gaps in understanding how contemporary individuals choose to dress and the significance they attribute to their clothing. The study explored diverse factors influencing personal style choices. The study applied narrative analysis theory to scrutinise the gathered information using semi-structured interviews with 15 participants and employing participant observation as an additional data collection method. The outcomes highlight a discernible generational shift in clothing trends, revealing both changes and continuities. Interestingly, the study challenges traditional gendered distinctions in fashion, indicating that men and women often exhibit more similarities than differences. The findings advocate for a more inclusive societal acceptance of diverse fashion expressions, breaking down stereotypes and suggesting that fashion transcends the conventional boundaries separating men's and women's attire. The study's implications include societal recognition and acceptance of the diversity inherent in personal style choices, transcending generational boundaries. This not only contributes to the academic understanding of social and cultural anthropology but also holds practical implications for fostering inclusivity and dismantling rigid notions surrounding attire. In simple terms, this study sparks conversations about how cultural traditions are changing. It encourages people to be more open-minded and accepting of the diverse ways individuals express their identity through fashion. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An assessment of community- based citrus projects for sustainable livelihoods in Raymond Mhlaba Municipality
- Authors: Ncapayi, Phelisa
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Citrus fruit industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70034 , vital:78279
- Description: This research study assessed community-based citrus projects for sustainable livelihoods in Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. These projects aim to empower people in Raymond Mhlaba by transforming empty land plots into revenue and job-generating activities, alleviating poverty in the area. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. A sample of 22 participants was purposefully selected, comprising 16 beneficiaries engaged in a community citrus project, two project Leaders, two municipal officials, and two ward councillors. Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling strategy. The participants were from Tyhume River Valley and Kat River Citrus. The study utilised semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to gain a comprehensive understanding of participants’ opinions concerning the community citrus project. Citrus farming in Raymond Mhlaba Municipality contributes to livelihoods by facilitating access to land, social networks, healthcare, education, employment, income, and decision-making abilities. The findings indicate that community citrus projects can sustain livelihoods; increased productivity leads to employment growth. Municipal officials should encourage local communities to focus on citrus production to alleviate poverty and create job opportunities, accelerating local economic growth. Municipal officials should also urge the government to fund local economic development projects. Further studies should evaluate how community development initiatives support rural communities’ sustainability. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Ncapayi, Phelisa
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Citrus fruit industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70034 , vital:78279
- Description: This research study assessed community-based citrus projects for sustainable livelihoods in Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. These projects aim to empower people in Raymond Mhlaba by transforming empty land plots into revenue and job-generating activities, alleviating poverty in the area. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. A sample of 22 participants was purposefully selected, comprising 16 beneficiaries engaged in a community citrus project, two project Leaders, two municipal officials, and two ward councillors. Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling strategy. The participants were from Tyhume River Valley and Kat River Citrus. The study utilised semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to gain a comprehensive understanding of participants’ opinions concerning the community citrus project. Citrus farming in Raymond Mhlaba Municipality contributes to livelihoods by facilitating access to land, social networks, healthcare, education, employment, income, and decision-making abilities. The findings indicate that community citrus projects can sustain livelihoods; increased productivity leads to employment growth. Municipal officials should encourage local communities to focus on citrus production to alleviate poverty and create job opportunities, accelerating local economic growth. Municipal officials should also urge the government to fund local economic development projects. Further studies should evaluate how community development initiatives support rural communities’ sustainability. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An assessment of the disbursement of government funding for small, medium, and micro enterprises in the manufacturing sector in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Phinda, Sinazo Bukeka
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Small business , Local finance -- Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Finance, Public -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70383 , vital:78345
- Description: This study has assessed the government's financial support for Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in the Manufacturing Sector in Nelson Mandela Bay. The Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality is a region with a high potential for economic growth and development. Even though the region is reliant on the government for the majority of its income and earnings, there is major potential for the region to create more jobs and work opportunities, especially among the youth of the region. The problem that drove this study was the financial challenges faced by Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in the manufacturing sector in Nelson Mandela Bay. To address these challenges government has created agencies to provide financial access to SMMEs. Theses government agencies include the Industrial Development Corporation, the Small Enterprise Finance Agency (SEFA), the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition (DTIC), the National Empowerment Fund Act No 105 of 1998 (NEF), and the National Youth Development Agency (NYDA), etc. This research adopted the use of a qualitative approach, for this study it is a suitable approach due to time and resource efficiency, as it used desktop analysis and secondary data which entails internet sources. Based on the literature reviewed in this study, financial challenges to SMMEs are not only an NMB challenge but a national challenge that needs to be addressed urgently. The literature in this study noted that these financial challenges are because of government policies, education and training, access to information, and funding requirements. The effective employment of recommendations in this study can improve the processes and procedures for SMMEs to be able to access both financial and non-financial support from the government. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Phinda, Sinazo Bukeka
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Small business , Local finance -- Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Finance, Public -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70383 , vital:78345
- Description: This study has assessed the government's financial support for Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in the Manufacturing Sector in Nelson Mandela Bay. The Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality is a region with a high potential for economic growth and development. Even though the region is reliant on the government for the majority of its income and earnings, there is major potential for the region to create more jobs and work opportunities, especially among the youth of the region. The problem that drove this study was the financial challenges faced by Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in the manufacturing sector in Nelson Mandela Bay. To address these challenges government has created agencies to provide financial access to SMMEs. Theses government agencies include the Industrial Development Corporation, the Small Enterprise Finance Agency (SEFA), the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition (DTIC), the National Empowerment Fund Act No 105 of 1998 (NEF), and the National Youth Development Agency (NYDA), etc. This research adopted the use of a qualitative approach, for this study it is a suitable approach due to time and resource efficiency, as it used desktop analysis and secondary data which entails internet sources. Based on the literature reviewed in this study, financial challenges to SMMEs are not only an NMB challenge but a national challenge that needs to be addressed urgently. The literature in this study noted that these financial challenges are because of government policies, education and training, access to information, and funding requirements. The effective employment of recommendations in this study can improve the processes and procedures for SMMEs to be able to access both financial and non-financial support from the government. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An assessment of the expanded public works programme: a case of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Goba, Mziwamadoda Khanya Siphozuko
- Authors: Goba, Mziwamadoda Khanya Siphozuko
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Public works -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Monitoring , Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70242 , vital:78332
- Description: This study examines the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) approach of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) as implemented by the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), addressing challenges in reporting accuracy and compliance within this structure. Motivated by insights from the South African Cities Network (SACN), which identified data and reporting limitations in NMBM’s EPWP, this research explores the municipality’s capacity to support comprehensive programme analysis. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study analysed publicly available documents related to EPWP operations to evaluate the effectiveness of current M&E practices. Findings indicate that while the EPWP framework promotes accountability, there is a significant need for institutional capacity development, including measures to address staff turnover, fill vacant roles, and provide targeted training for officials responsible for EPWP reporting. Additionally, recommendations highlight the importance of enhancing compliance with reporting standards to produce accurate and thorough programme data. Improved financial transparency is also recommended, advocating for more detailed fund utilization reporting to strengthen accountability. To address underreporting, the study suggests establishing a feedback mechanism for timely inclusion of EPWP reports in municipal agendas, fostering stakeholder engagement and a participatory approach. Finally, recommendations for further research propose a follow-up study involving in-depth interviews with provincial and municipal public works officials to gain deeper insights into the challenges faced in EPWP M&E. These recommendations aim to improve NMBM’s adherence to M&E standards, ultimately enhancing the EPWP’s impact on employment and community development. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Goba, Mziwamadoda Khanya Siphozuko
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Public works -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Monitoring , Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70242 , vital:78332
- Description: This study examines the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) approach of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) as implemented by the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), addressing challenges in reporting accuracy and compliance within this structure. Motivated by insights from the South African Cities Network (SACN), which identified data and reporting limitations in NMBM’s EPWP, this research explores the municipality’s capacity to support comprehensive programme analysis. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study analysed publicly available documents related to EPWP operations to evaluate the effectiveness of current M&E practices. Findings indicate that while the EPWP framework promotes accountability, there is a significant need for institutional capacity development, including measures to address staff turnover, fill vacant roles, and provide targeted training for officials responsible for EPWP reporting. Additionally, recommendations highlight the importance of enhancing compliance with reporting standards to produce accurate and thorough programme data. Improved financial transparency is also recommended, advocating for more detailed fund utilization reporting to strengthen accountability. To address underreporting, the study suggests establishing a feedback mechanism for timely inclusion of EPWP reports in municipal agendas, fostering stakeholder engagement and a participatory approach. Finally, recommendations for further research propose a follow-up study involving in-depth interviews with provincial and municipal public works officials to gain deeper insights into the challenges faced in EPWP M&E. These recommendations aim to improve NMBM’s adherence to M&E standards, ultimately enhancing the EPWP’s impact on employment and community development. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An assessment of the management of e-learning programmes in selected public high schools in Limpopo
- Authors: Lebea, Talamo Daphney
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Blended learning , Telecommunication in education , Education and state -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70319 , vital:78339
- Description: The utilisation of e-learning in public schools has become a significant subject of discussion in educational communities across the globe. In public schools in Limpopo Province in South Africa, e-learning initiatives have been gradually introduced. This transition towards incorporating technology in the classroom is viewed as a means of elevating the quality of education and expanding access to learning materials for students residing in remote regions. Nonetheless, the advancement of e-learning implementation in public schools in Limpopo Province has encountered some obstacles. To effectively introduce e-learning in public schools throughout Limpopo Province, it is crucial to identify the unique challenges these schools face and the benefits they can gain from successful implementation. Additionally, evaluating the management of e-learning implementation in these schools is of utmost importance. As such, this study assessed the implementation of e-learning programmes in public schools within the Limpopo Province. A qualitative research methodology was employed in the research study and desktop research of related literature assisted in achieving the aim of this study. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the gathered data. The study utilised the Social Constructivism theory as the underpinning theoretical framework. The findings indicated that public schools encounter significant obstacles when implementing e-learning programmes, including inadequate policies, insufficient resources such as lack of internet access and modern devices, poor infrastructure, inadequate teacher training and skills, insufficient financial support for educators, a lack of a comprehensive model, low interest among teachers, and high internet costs. In conclusion, it can be suggested that if these challenges are addressed, implementing e-learning in public schools in Limpopo will be a success. Therefore, the government should prioritise appointing educators with the necessary competencies and invest in educator training, creating conducive learning environments, and developing e-learning programmes that are unique to the challenges rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Lebea, Talamo Daphney
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Blended learning , Telecommunication in education , Education and state -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70319 , vital:78339
- Description: The utilisation of e-learning in public schools has become a significant subject of discussion in educational communities across the globe. In public schools in Limpopo Province in South Africa, e-learning initiatives have been gradually introduced. This transition towards incorporating technology in the classroom is viewed as a means of elevating the quality of education and expanding access to learning materials for students residing in remote regions. Nonetheless, the advancement of e-learning implementation in public schools in Limpopo Province has encountered some obstacles. To effectively introduce e-learning in public schools throughout Limpopo Province, it is crucial to identify the unique challenges these schools face and the benefits they can gain from successful implementation. Additionally, evaluating the management of e-learning implementation in these schools is of utmost importance. As such, this study assessed the implementation of e-learning programmes in public schools within the Limpopo Province. A qualitative research methodology was employed in the research study and desktop research of related literature assisted in achieving the aim of this study. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the gathered data. The study utilised the Social Constructivism theory as the underpinning theoretical framework. The findings indicated that public schools encounter significant obstacles when implementing e-learning programmes, including inadequate policies, insufficient resources such as lack of internet access and modern devices, poor infrastructure, inadequate teacher training and skills, insufficient financial support for educators, a lack of a comprehensive model, low interest among teachers, and high internet costs. In conclusion, it can be suggested that if these challenges are addressed, implementing e-learning in public schools in Limpopo will be a success. Therefore, the government should prioritise appointing educators with the necessary competencies and invest in educator training, creating conducive learning environments, and developing e-learning programmes that are unique to the challenges rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
An evaluation of the importance of effective leadership at Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Ngcwembe, Sandiswa
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Service delivery -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Success in business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70023 , vital:78274
- Description: Leadership can be viewed as a social influence in which someone in a managerial position seeks voluntary participation of employees, communities, and businesses, to achieve stated objectives. Leadership styles applied by any organisation, also play a significant role in improving the services and business growth in local municipalities. The purpose of this research was to investigate the importance of effective leadership towards business success at Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality and to recommend strategies that the Municipality can implement to enhance effective leadership. A quantitative methodology in form of a survey was adopted and a sample of 60 respondents was used. The results concluded that a significant relationship exists between leadership effectiveness and the Municipality’s growth and success. Most of the respondents were satisfied with how full-time ward councillors ensure that crucial service challenges are addressed, and that the Municipality supports small to medium businesses through mentoring and training programmes. However, some were not satisfied with service delivery and the maintenance of roads. Finally, “the results indicated a strong relationship between service delivery and transformational leadership. Service delivery had a positive correlation with transformational leadership, but a negative correlation with transactional leadership. The research results are significant for political leadership within local municipalities for the enhancement of business growth. This study ends with the limitations, a brief conclusion and recommendations.” , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Ngcwembe, Sandiswa
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Service delivery -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Success in business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70023 , vital:78274
- Description: Leadership can be viewed as a social influence in which someone in a managerial position seeks voluntary participation of employees, communities, and businesses, to achieve stated objectives. Leadership styles applied by any organisation, also play a significant role in improving the services and business growth in local municipalities. The purpose of this research was to investigate the importance of effective leadership towards business success at Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality and to recommend strategies that the Municipality can implement to enhance effective leadership. A quantitative methodology in form of a survey was adopted and a sample of 60 respondents was used. The results concluded that a significant relationship exists between leadership effectiveness and the Municipality’s growth and success. Most of the respondents were satisfied with how full-time ward councillors ensure that crucial service challenges are addressed, and that the Municipality supports small to medium businesses through mentoring and training programmes. However, some were not satisfied with service delivery and the maintenance of roads. Finally, “the results indicated a strong relationship between service delivery and transformational leadership. Service delivery had a positive correlation with transformational leadership, but a negative correlation with transactional leadership. The research results are significant for political leadership within local municipalities for the enhancement of business growth. This study ends with the limitations, a brief conclusion and recommendations.” , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Analysing barriers of lean service implementation In South African Post Office operations
- Authors: Mpompa, Luyanda Clive
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Lean manufacturing , Six sigma (Quality control standard) , Postal service -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70056 , vital:78288
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyse the barriers to the implementation of Lean services in the service industry, with a particular focus on the South African Post Office operations. The researcher intended to identify and describe the barriers that precluded the implementation of Lean principles in service industry and where necessary shared the study's findings with South African Post Office management for decision making. The findings of the study in the South African Post Office were consistent with those of the other authors who conducted studies with the aim of identifying the barriers to Lean implementation in service industry. However most studies focussed on the barriers caused by operational factors while this study focussed on the barriers causing failures in implementing Lean initiatives which are connected with the South African Post Office management and staff perceptions on the importance of Lean principles in the organisation’s value stream. The findings, as presented in Chapter 5 of the study, identified various elements that contributed to managerial failures and those were the barriers the study intended to identify. The study indicated that top management of the South African Post Office was not familiar with the implementation of Lean concept. Management and staff in charge of operations were aware of the Lean concept, but none of them displayed considerable expertise of how to implement it. That was one of the reasons the organisation was unable to properly integrate Lean in its operations. The implementation of Lean required professionals and experts who could implement, drive, and monitor the process. The study’s interpretive framework was interpretivism-constructivism, and the study was a case study. The primary data collection method was face-to-face interviews with reference to archived information and secondary data. Semi-structured questions were asked during interviews. A total of twelve participants completed and signed the consent form, indicating their agreement to participate in the interviews. Out of the twelve participants, interviews were conducted with eleven individuals. Since its inception, Lean Manufacturing system had been viewed as a method that primarily applied to manufacturing-oriented businesses. Lean practices had also been adopted by the service industry, and a number of those businesses had integrated Lean methods in their operations. The postal services around the globe had also gradually implemented Lean successfully in their operations although there had been quite a number of barriers that hindered the implementation of Lean in some postal services around the globe. The South African Post Office exerted efforts to implement Lean but has up to this point not fully implemented Lean practices in its operation and this was what had triggered the researcher to learn more and analyse such barriers. The study aimed at identifying those barriers. The study's goal was to investigate and analyse the Lean implementation barriers in order to provide credible outcomes to both the South African Post Office management and the Nelson Mandela University, as well as other organisations in the service industry in comparable situations as the South African Post Office. The findings of this study related to management’s perception of Lean importance in ensuring optimum operational performance and customer satisfaction. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Mpompa, Luyanda Clive
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Lean manufacturing , Six sigma (Quality control standard) , Postal service -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70056 , vital:78288
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyse the barriers to the implementation of Lean services in the service industry, with a particular focus on the South African Post Office operations. The researcher intended to identify and describe the barriers that precluded the implementation of Lean principles in service industry and where necessary shared the study's findings with South African Post Office management for decision making. The findings of the study in the South African Post Office were consistent with those of the other authors who conducted studies with the aim of identifying the barriers to Lean implementation in service industry. However most studies focussed on the barriers caused by operational factors while this study focussed on the barriers causing failures in implementing Lean initiatives which are connected with the South African Post Office management and staff perceptions on the importance of Lean principles in the organisation’s value stream. The findings, as presented in Chapter 5 of the study, identified various elements that contributed to managerial failures and those were the barriers the study intended to identify. The study indicated that top management of the South African Post Office was not familiar with the implementation of Lean concept. Management and staff in charge of operations were aware of the Lean concept, but none of them displayed considerable expertise of how to implement it. That was one of the reasons the organisation was unable to properly integrate Lean in its operations. The implementation of Lean required professionals and experts who could implement, drive, and monitor the process. The study’s interpretive framework was interpretivism-constructivism, and the study was a case study. The primary data collection method was face-to-face interviews with reference to archived information and secondary data. Semi-structured questions were asked during interviews. A total of twelve participants completed and signed the consent form, indicating their agreement to participate in the interviews. Out of the twelve participants, interviews were conducted with eleven individuals. Since its inception, Lean Manufacturing system had been viewed as a method that primarily applied to manufacturing-oriented businesses. Lean practices had also been adopted by the service industry, and a number of those businesses had integrated Lean methods in their operations. The postal services around the globe had also gradually implemented Lean successfully in their operations although there had been quite a number of barriers that hindered the implementation of Lean in some postal services around the globe. The South African Post Office exerted efforts to implement Lean but has up to this point not fully implemented Lean practices in its operation and this was what had triggered the researcher to learn more and analyse such barriers. The study aimed at identifying those barriers. The study's goal was to investigate and analyse the Lean implementation barriers in order to provide credible outcomes to both the South African Post Office management and the Nelson Mandela University, as well as other organisations in the service industry in comparable situations as the South African Post Office. The findings of this study related to management’s perception of Lean importance in ensuring optimum operational performance and customer satisfaction. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Assessing perceptions regarding sustainable growth of taverns in the Gqeberha liquor industry
- Authors: Coutsourides, Peter Dimitri
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Taverns (Inns) -- Port Elizabeth- Eastern Cape -- South Africa , Liquor industry -- Port Elizabeth -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- Port Elizabeth -- Eastern Cape -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69542 , vital:77710
- Description: This study investigates the sustainable growth of taverns within the informal liquor industry in Gqeberha, South Africa. The informal sector is critical for economic development, employing 60% of the world's population and nearly 30% of South Africa's workforce. This study focuses on taverns, a prevalent form of small, medium, and micro-enterprises in South African townships. Despite their economic significance, these taverns face numerous challenges, including limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, regulatory hurdles, and competition from larger formal enterprises. The research explores the historical context of the liquor industry in South Africa, highlighting the legacy of racial inequality and the evolution of regulatory frameworks aimed at balancing industry growth and social equity. In addition, the literature covered topics relating to SMMEs and sustainable growth. The study employs a case study strategy and a qualitative methodology where 12 tavern owners in Gqeberha were interviewed using an interview schedule. The thematic data analysis revealed five main challenges that hinder taverns' sustainable growth, namely finance, government interventions and facilities, competition, the COVID-19 Pandemic and crime. In addition, three measures or themes of sustainable growth were identified for these enterprises, such as economic, social and environmental measures for sustainable growth. Finally, based on the findings, a major contribution of this study is the framework of sustainable growth enablers that were presented to SMMEs, including taverns. This study contributes to the understanding of SMMEs in the informal sector and offers practical recommendations for enhancing the sustainable growth of taverns. By addressing the identified challenges and leveraging the proposed enablers, policymakers and stakeholders can create a more supportive environment for these enterprises, ultimately contributing to broader economic development and poverty reduction in South Africa. The insights gained from this study are intended to inform future policies and support mechanisms that can help these enterprises thrive despite their myriad challenges. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Coutsourides, Peter Dimitri
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Taverns (Inns) -- Port Elizabeth- Eastern Cape -- South Africa , Liquor industry -- Port Elizabeth -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- Port Elizabeth -- Eastern Cape -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69542 , vital:77710
- Description: This study investigates the sustainable growth of taverns within the informal liquor industry in Gqeberha, South Africa. The informal sector is critical for economic development, employing 60% of the world's population and nearly 30% of South Africa's workforce. This study focuses on taverns, a prevalent form of small, medium, and micro-enterprises in South African townships. Despite their economic significance, these taverns face numerous challenges, including limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, regulatory hurdles, and competition from larger formal enterprises. The research explores the historical context of the liquor industry in South Africa, highlighting the legacy of racial inequality and the evolution of regulatory frameworks aimed at balancing industry growth and social equity. In addition, the literature covered topics relating to SMMEs and sustainable growth. The study employs a case study strategy and a qualitative methodology where 12 tavern owners in Gqeberha were interviewed using an interview schedule. The thematic data analysis revealed five main challenges that hinder taverns' sustainable growth, namely finance, government interventions and facilities, competition, the COVID-19 Pandemic and crime. In addition, three measures or themes of sustainable growth were identified for these enterprises, such as economic, social and environmental measures for sustainable growth. Finally, based on the findings, a major contribution of this study is the framework of sustainable growth enablers that were presented to SMMEs, including taverns. This study contributes to the understanding of SMMEs in the informal sector and offers practical recommendations for enhancing the sustainable growth of taverns. By addressing the identified challenges and leveraging the proposed enablers, policymakers and stakeholders can create a more supportive environment for these enterprises, ultimately contributing to broader economic development and poverty reduction in South Africa. The insights gained from this study are intended to inform future policies and support mechanisms that can help these enterprises thrive despite their myriad challenges. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Associations between patterns of wild ungulate patch use, soil carbon and albedo in montane grasslands
- Authors: Mc Gregor, Steven
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Grassland ecology , Global environmental change , Climatic changes
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69382 , vital:77250
- Description: Grassy ecosystems are essential for human survival, providing key services including food production, water provisioning and moderating climate. Yet, grassy ecosystems remain undervalued due to misconceptions that they are remnants of degraded states of forest – a view that continues to influence climate change policies. This thesis explores the links between wild, free-roaming ungulate grazers and climate drivers, including carbon storage and surface albedo (i.e., reflectance of solar radiation), through their impacts on vegetation and soils. Using black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou) as a model wild species, I compared their grazing patterns in an Afromontane grassland in the eastern Karoo, South Africa, to those of short-duration cattle grazing systems in similar nearby grasslands (Chapter 2). While short-duration grazing aims to mimic spatiotemporal wild ungulate grazing patterns to supposedly enhance ecosystem functioning and soil carbon stocks, I found that wildebeest had ~50% shorter grazing durations and much shorter rest intervals (1-5 days versus 60-365 days), revealing key differences in grazing patterns that may affect vegetation and climate feedbacks. Next, I examined spatial variations in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks between grass growth forms that differ in grazing tolerance (Chapter 3). Red grass (Themeda triandra) tussock patches, sensitive to frequent grazing, had higher SOC to a soil depth of 20 cm (61.45 ± 1.59 Mg C·ha-1)than intensively grazed, prostrate-growing Cynodon dactylon grazing lawns (55.43 ± 3.40Mg C·ha-1), likely due to greater shading and soil moisture beneath tussocks which drives microbial decomposition. Seasonal albedo variations were then assessed across distinct grassland patch types among seasons to determine whether albedo varies seasonally at fine patch-scales between grass patches, between shrub and grass patches, and with grazing (Chapter 4). Albedo was lower during the growing season compared to dormancy, and was consistently lower in dwarf shrub (Pentzia incana) encroached patches compared to grass patches. No albedo differences between grazed and less-grazed tussock grass patches of the same species were found, although intensively grazed grazing lawns had consistently higher albedo than most patch types. Finally, I evaluated trade-offs between plant carbon, albedo, and their impacts on radiative forcing (i.e., atmospheric warming/cooling) resulting from patch type changes commonly found in grassy ecosystems (Chapter 5). The loss of perennial grass cover resulted in the highest net positive (warming) effect, mostly due to reduced root biomass. Additionally, shrub encroachment into all patches lowered albedo, but led to negative (cooling) effects from shrub encroachment into bare ground patches due to biomass gains. This thesis challenges current views of grassy landscapes and short-duration grazing systems, emphasizing the need to rethink climate change mitigation strategies to prioritize maintaining heterogeneity, while enhancing carbon sequestration and albedo in grassy ecosystems. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Mc Gregor, Steven
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Grassland ecology , Global environmental change , Climatic changes
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/69382 , vital:77250
- Description: Grassy ecosystems are essential for human survival, providing key services including food production, water provisioning and moderating climate. Yet, grassy ecosystems remain undervalued due to misconceptions that they are remnants of degraded states of forest – a view that continues to influence climate change policies. This thesis explores the links between wild, free-roaming ungulate grazers and climate drivers, including carbon storage and surface albedo (i.e., reflectance of solar radiation), through their impacts on vegetation and soils. Using black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou) as a model wild species, I compared their grazing patterns in an Afromontane grassland in the eastern Karoo, South Africa, to those of short-duration cattle grazing systems in similar nearby grasslands (Chapter 2). While short-duration grazing aims to mimic spatiotemporal wild ungulate grazing patterns to supposedly enhance ecosystem functioning and soil carbon stocks, I found that wildebeest had ~50% shorter grazing durations and much shorter rest intervals (1-5 days versus 60-365 days), revealing key differences in grazing patterns that may affect vegetation and climate feedbacks. Next, I examined spatial variations in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks between grass growth forms that differ in grazing tolerance (Chapter 3). Red grass (Themeda triandra) tussock patches, sensitive to frequent grazing, had higher SOC to a soil depth of 20 cm (61.45 ± 1.59 Mg C·ha-1)than intensively grazed, prostrate-growing Cynodon dactylon grazing lawns (55.43 ± 3.40Mg C·ha-1), likely due to greater shading and soil moisture beneath tussocks which drives microbial decomposition. Seasonal albedo variations were then assessed across distinct grassland patch types among seasons to determine whether albedo varies seasonally at fine patch-scales between grass patches, between shrub and grass patches, and with grazing (Chapter 4). Albedo was lower during the growing season compared to dormancy, and was consistently lower in dwarf shrub (Pentzia incana) encroached patches compared to grass patches. No albedo differences between grazed and less-grazed tussock grass patches of the same species were found, although intensively grazed grazing lawns had consistently higher albedo than most patch types. Finally, I evaluated trade-offs between plant carbon, albedo, and their impacts on radiative forcing (i.e., atmospheric warming/cooling) resulting from patch type changes commonly found in grassy ecosystems (Chapter 5). The loss of perennial grass cover resulted in the highest net positive (warming) effect, mostly due to reduced root biomass. Additionally, shrub encroachment into all patches lowered albedo, but led to negative (cooling) effects from shrub encroachment into bare ground patches due to biomass gains. This thesis challenges current views of grassy landscapes and short-duration grazing systems, emphasizing the need to rethink climate change mitigation strategies to prioritize maintaining heterogeneity, while enhancing carbon sequestration and albedo in grassy ecosystems. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Causative factors for poor contractor performance in schools infrastructure projects
- Authors: Baba, Vuyiseka
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Project management , Project management -- Evaluation , School facilities -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68703 , vital:77083
- Description: The public sector infrastructure departments in South Africa rely on construction companies as the major stakeholders in the implementation and maintenance of infrastructure facilities including schools. The Limpopo Province is faced with a serious challenge of underperforming contractors. This in turn affects the Provincial Government’s effective delivery of the much-needed quality infrastructure and facilities. A significant number of schools in the province are faced with infrastructure challenges including sanitation facilities, deteriorating school buildings, storm damage, inadequate infrastructure for special schools, water provision, and general maintenance. This study sought to understand the challenges faced by contractors and further explored whether the effective application of project management methodologies can have a positive impact on improving the current underperformance. Due to the nature of the study, a qualitative research method was employed to collect data. An interpretivist paradigm was adopted as the research philosophy, as it allowed for a flexible and in-depth investigation approach. The study utilized an exploratory research design. The targeted population for the study was carefully selected to obtain relevant and reliable data, and a purposive sampling technique was chosen. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as the primary data collection method, enabling the collection of first-hand information. To ensure accuracy and prevent loss of information, the research process involved recording and transcribing the interviews, using an inductive analysis approach. Eighteen out of the twenty targeted participants were successfully interviewed, resulting in a response rate of 90%. The findings of the study revealed that poor planning, inadequate financial management, inexperienced staff, interference from stakeholders, and a misunderstanding of project scope were among the many factors contributing to poor contractor performance. Furthermore, contractors, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), faced serious challenges during project implementation, including a lack of proper training, budget constraints, and delayed payments from clients. Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that contractors invest in planning and cost management software, including project management methodologies such as Agile, Waterfall, and MS Project. Further, contractors are encouraged to employ adequately skilled and qualified site personnel. Clients should also consider supporting underperforming contractors by pairing them with proven-performing ones to encourage mentorship and other forms of capacity building. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Building and Human Settlements Management, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Baba, Vuyiseka
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Project management , Project management -- Evaluation , School facilities -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68703 , vital:77083
- Description: The public sector infrastructure departments in South Africa rely on construction companies as the major stakeholders in the implementation and maintenance of infrastructure facilities including schools. The Limpopo Province is faced with a serious challenge of underperforming contractors. This in turn affects the Provincial Government’s effective delivery of the much-needed quality infrastructure and facilities. A significant number of schools in the province are faced with infrastructure challenges including sanitation facilities, deteriorating school buildings, storm damage, inadequate infrastructure for special schools, water provision, and general maintenance. This study sought to understand the challenges faced by contractors and further explored whether the effective application of project management methodologies can have a positive impact on improving the current underperformance. Due to the nature of the study, a qualitative research method was employed to collect data. An interpretivist paradigm was adopted as the research philosophy, as it allowed for a flexible and in-depth investigation approach. The study utilized an exploratory research design. The targeted population for the study was carefully selected to obtain relevant and reliable data, and a purposive sampling technique was chosen. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as the primary data collection method, enabling the collection of first-hand information. To ensure accuracy and prevent loss of information, the research process involved recording and transcribing the interviews, using an inductive analysis approach. Eighteen out of the twenty targeted participants were successfully interviewed, resulting in a response rate of 90%. The findings of the study revealed that poor planning, inadequate financial management, inexperienced staff, interference from stakeholders, and a misunderstanding of project scope were among the many factors contributing to poor contractor performance. Furthermore, contractors, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), faced serious challenges during project implementation, including a lack of proper training, budget constraints, and delayed payments from clients. Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that contractors invest in planning and cost management software, including project management methodologies such as Agile, Waterfall, and MS Project. Further, contractors are encouraged to employ adequately skilled and qualified site personnel. Clients should also consider supporting underperforming contractors by pairing them with proven-performing ones to encourage mentorship and other forms of capacity building. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Building and Human Settlements Management, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Challenges and prospects of the billing system in a selected municipality – a dialectic examination
- Authors: Mda, Lindokuhle Primrose
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality -- Accounting -- Data processing , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Local government -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70089 , vital:78293
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges and prospects of the billing system in a municipality in South Africa. Municipalities play an important role in providing services to business owners and residents. Of late the media has been awash by the incorrect billing that is caused by the faulty billing system in most South African Municipalities. Although there is a lot of literature re on the billing systems, there is a dearth of studies when it comes to south African context particularly at Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM). Therefore, it is important to explore the challenges and prospect that comes with the billing system in the chosen municipality to fill in the literature gap. A qualitative approach was employed whereby 12 participants, who were sampled using the non-probability, purposive technique were interviewed. The study analysed data using the thematic analysis technique. Semi-structured questions were asked during interviews as a data collection method. The participants provided a comprehensive coverage (CC) of the new billing prospects. The sub-themes namely incorrect and inaccurate billing, estimated bills, lack of incentives to pursue collection, negligence, corruption, enhanced revenue collection, enhancing record management, gathering relevant information from residents and the use of mobile payment solutions was partially covered (PC). The rest of the sub-themes were comprehensively covered. The results reveal that, on average all the themes were covered in the interview implying that the participants understood the challenges faced by the billing system in BCMM, the prospects that are associated by the introduction of new billing systems, the root causes of challenges within the billing system, strategies needed to be implemented and the use of new technology and innovation. All participants acknowledge the fact that the billing system used by the municipality has a lot of challenges and there is a requirement to either upgrade it or discard it in total and replace it with technological advanced smart meters to enable accurate and correct billing. The effects of the incorrect billing were felt by both the municipal management and residents The study recommends that municipalities in South Africa, particularly BCMM should integrate their billing system with new technology to optimise their service delivery system and enhance their revenue collection. Suggested billing software to be used in municipalities include SAP, SKYBILL Utility Billing and full ERP billing, among others. This software offer a range of benefits such as easy to monitor records, revenue collection enhancements and efficiency. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Mda, Lindokuhle Primrose
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality -- Accounting -- Data processing , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Local government -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/70089 , vital:78293
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges and prospects of the billing system in a municipality in South Africa. Municipalities play an important role in providing services to business owners and residents. Of late the media has been awash by the incorrect billing that is caused by the faulty billing system in most South African Municipalities. Although there is a lot of literature re on the billing systems, there is a dearth of studies when it comes to south African context particularly at Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM). Therefore, it is important to explore the challenges and prospect that comes with the billing system in the chosen municipality to fill in the literature gap. A qualitative approach was employed whereby 12 participants, who were sampled using the non-probability, purposive technique were interviewed. The study analysed data using the thematic analysis technique. Semi-structured questions were asked during interviews as a data collection method. The participants provided a comprehensive coverage (CC) of the new billing prospects. The sub-themes namely incorrect and inaccurate billing, estimated bills, lack of incentives to pursue collection, negligence, corruption, enhanced revenue collection, enhancing record management, gathering relevant information from residents and the use of mobile payment solutions was partially covered (PC). The rest of the sub-themes were comprehensively covered. The results reveal that, on average all the themes were covered in the interview implying that the participants understood the challenges faced by the billing system in BCMM, the prospects that are associated by the introduction of new billing systems, the root causes of challenges within the billing system, strategies needed to be implemented and the use of new technology and innovation. All participants acknowledge the fact that the billing system used by the municipality has a lot of challenges and there is a requirement to either upgrade it or discard it in total and replace it with technological advanced smart meters to enable accurate and correct billing. The effects of the incorrect billing were felt by both the municipal management and residents The study recommends that municipalities in South Africa, particularly BCMM should integrate their billing system with new technology to optimise their service delivery system and enhance their revenue collection. Suggested billing software to be used in municipalities include SAP, SKYBILL Utility Billing and full ERP billing, among others. This software offer a range of benefits such as easy to monitor records, revenue collection enhancements and efficiency. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12