The process of translating the Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR) Scale into isiXhosa
- Authors: Hadebe, Mandisa Zandile
- Date: 2025-04-25
- Subjects: Interpersonal relations South Africa , Psychological tests Translating , Xhosa language , Xhosa (African people) Mental health , Intimacy (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/478306 , vital:78175
- Description: Intimate relationships are highly influenced by each individual’s attachment style. These attachment styles play a significant role in how romantic partners engage with each other and yet there are few tools that measure them. Not only are the tools few but also, they are not easily available in South African languages. Implementing isiXhosa language screening tools widens and enhances mental healthcare access for isiXhosa-speaking populations. This study aimed to develop an isiXhosa language version of the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR). The ECR is a 36-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess adult attachment styles in the context of close relationships. The scale evaluates the presence of anxious and avoidant attachment styles in adult romantic relationships. Anxious attachment is characterized by heightened anxiety about the relationship and a constant need for reassurance, while avoidant attachment involves a tendency to distance oneself emotionally from partners, often leading to difficulties in forming close connections. By measuring these styles, the scale provides deeper insights into how individuals relate to their partners and navigate intimacy in their romantic lives. The ECR was translated into isiXhosa using a four-stage translation design, which included: 1. Forward translation, 2. Back translation, 3. Committee meetings, and 4. Qualitative piloting of the resultant translation in a small sample of first language isiXhosa speakers. A quantitative pilot will follow this study. The results indicate that while broad concept equivalence was easier to achieve, participants struggled with understanding some of the items due to the difference in academic, written language and spoken language. The questions about emotions proved more difficult to translate. South African languages differ in dialect across different areas of the country. The isiXhosa terms chosen for this translation often conveyed distinct meanings or could be interpreted differently, depending on the specific geographical region and local dialect. This rich linguistic diversity posed a considerable challenge throughout the translation process, as it required careful consideration of context and cultural nuance to ensure accurate communication. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-25
- Authors: Hadebe, Mandisa Zandile
- Date: 2025-04-25
- Subjects: Interpersonal relations South Africa , Psychological tests Translating , Xhosa language , Xhosa (African people) Mental health , Intimacy (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/478306 , vital:78175
- Description: Intimate relationships are highly influenced by each individual’s attachment style. These attachment styles play a significant role in how romantic partners engage with each other and yet there are few tools that measure them. Not only are the tools few but also, they are not easily available in South African languages. Implementing isiXhosa language screening tools widens and enhances mental healthcare access for isiXhosa-speaking populations. This study aimed to develop an isiXhosa language version of the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR). The ECR is a 36-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess adult attachment styles in the context of close relationships. The scale evaluates the presence of anxious and avoidant attachment styles in adult romantic relationships. Anxious attachment is characterized by heightened anxiety about the relationship and a constant need for reassurance, while avoidant attachment involves a tendency to distance oneself emotionally from partners, often leading to difficulties in forming close connections. By measuring these styles, the scale provides deeper insights into how individuals relate to their partners and navigate intimacy in their romantic lives. The ECR was translated into isiXhosa using a four-stage translation design, which included: 1. Forward translation, 2. Back translation, 3. Committee meetings, and 4. Qualitative piloting of the resultant translation in a small sample of first language isiXhosa speakers. A quantitative pilot will follow this study. The results indicate that while broad concept equivalence was easier to achieve, participants struggled with understanding some of the items due to the difference in academic, written language and spoken language. The questions about emotions proved more difficult to translate. South African languages differ in dialect across different areas of the country. The isiXhosa terms chosen for this translation often conveyed distinct meanings or could be interpreted differently, depending on the specific geographical region and local dialect. This rich linguistic diversity posed a considerable challenge throughout the translation process, as it required careful consideration of context and cultural nuance to ensure accurate communication. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-25
Translation of the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) Short Form (CASR-SF) into isiXhosa
- Authors: Mankantshu, Buncwanekazi
- Date: 2025-04-25
- Subjects: Psychological tests Translating , Xhosa language , Intimate partner violence , Self report , Translating and interpreting Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/478328 , vital:78177
- Description: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common occurrence in South Africa, yet appropriately validated tools that screen for IPV are not easily available, particularly in African languages. Establishing isiXhosa language versions of screening tools broadens and improves access to mental healthcare services for isiXhosa-speaking groups. This study aimed to develop an isiXhosa language version of the Composite Abuse Scale Revised Short Form (CASR-SF). The CASR-SF is a self-report measure designed to gauge the presence, intensity, and severity of IPV across three domains: physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. Previous translations of this questionnaire indicated its transportability across different languages and contexts, which in addition to the cost and time effectiveness of adapting instead of developing a new questionnaire, led to the decision to translate and adapt it into isiXhosa. The CASR-SF was translated using a four-staged translation design, which included: 1. Forward translation, 2. Back translation, 3. Committee discussion, and 4. Qualitative pilot in a small sample of first language isiXhosa speakers. Four independent translators worked independently to produce the forward and back translation in stages 1 and 2 and the translations team met in stage 3 to discuss and resolve challenging items with the goal of producing an equivalent final isiXhosa version of the CASR-SF. The resulting preliminary version was piloted on a sample of 7 first-language isiXhosa speakers who partook in cognitive interviews as a confirmatory step. The results indicated that for the most part broad concept equivalence was easier to achieve than linguistic equivalence, and participants generally did not struggle with understanding the items. However, questionnaire items on emotions and relatively new terms such as social media were far more complex to translate. African languages such as isiXhosa use metaphors as more respectful/acceptable expressions for topics such as sexual acts, which complicated the translation process at times. There were also various terms that could be used for different English concepts and the aim of this translation was to find one term that would be appropriate and meaningful across different isiXhosa language dialects, which proved challenging at times. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-25
- Authors: Mankantshu, Buncwanekazi
- Date: 2025-04-25
- Subjects: Psychological tests Translating , Xhosa language , Intimate partner violence , Self report , Translating and interpreting Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/478328 , vital:78177
- Description: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common occurrence in South Africa, yet appropriately validated tools that screen for IPV are not easily available, particularly in African languages. Establishing isiXhosa language versions of screening tools broadens and improves access to mental healthcare services for isiXhosa-speaking groups. This study aimed to develop an isiXhosa language version of the Composite Abuse Scale Revised Short Form (CASR-SF). The CASR-SF is a self-report measure designed to gauge the presence, intensity, and severity of IPV across three domains: physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. Previous translations of this questionnaire indicated its transportability across different languages and contexts, which in addition to the cost and time effectiveness of adapting instead of developing a new questionnaire, led to the decision to translate and adapt it into isiXhosa. The CASR-SF was translated using a four-staged translation design, which included: 1. Forward translation, 2. Back translation, 3. Committee discussion, and 4. Qualitative pilot in a small sample of first language isiXhosa speakers. Four independent translators worked independently to produce the forward and back translation in stages 1 and 2 and the translations team met in stage 3 to discuss and resolve challenging items with the goal of producing an equivalent final isiXhosa version of the CASR-SF. The resulting preliminary version was piloted on a sample of 7 first-language isiXhosa speakers who partook in cognitive interviews as a confirmatory step. The results indicated that for the most part broad concept equivalence was easier to achieve than linguistic equivalence, and participants generally did not struggle with understanding the items. However, questionnaire items on emotions and relatively new terms such as social media were far more complex to translate. African languages such as isiXhosa use metaphors as more respectful/acceptable expressions for topics such as sexual acts, which complicated the translation process at times. There were also various terms that could be used for different English concepts and the aim of this translation was to find one term that would be appropriate and meaningful across different isiXhosa language dialects, which proved challenging at times. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-25
‘Basadi ba kae? [Where are the women?]: a history of the making of Sepedi (Sesotho sa Leboa) womanhood, 1935 – 1999
- Mahlo, Mathabo Makgare Betty
- Authors: Mahlo, Mathabo Makgare Betty
- Date: 2025-04-25
- Subjects: Northern Sotho language , Sotho (African people) , Women, Black Africa , Representation (Philosophy) , Missionaries , Berlin Mission Church (Transvaal, South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/478465 , vital:78189
- Description: This study sought to explore the way an African ethnicity – namely the ‘Pedi’ ethnicity - emerged through literary texts and examined the representations of black African woman in vernacular texts from 1935 to 1990. This thesis is geographically situated in the Northern Transvaal, currently known as the Limpopo Province, the ‘homeland’ of Northern Sotho speakers (‘Sesotho sa Lebowa’ or ‘Basotho’ communities). It began by tracing the various stakeholders who utilised the terms ‘Pedi’ and ‘Bapedi’ to represent a federation of independent chiefdoms within the Lulu (or Leolo) Mountain valley. The noun ‘Pedi’ became - over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth century - an ethnic category, encompassing those who spoke one of the many Northern Sotho dialects. As the Berlin Missionary Society (BMS) expanded their missionary enterprise into the Transvaal in the 1860s, a Northern Sotho language was formalised – with the aid of black African Christian converts from different Northern Basotho’s chiefdoms. The formalisation of Northern Sotho as a language resulted in the creation of an artificial link between Northern Sotho communities and the Northern Sotho language by the Union of South Africa state. The state used this link as marker of ethnic difference, conflating speaking practices with ethnic units. In view of the foregoing, this study discussed the various historical processes that have informed our contemporary understanding of the ‘Pedi’ (henceforth referred to as Bapedi) – as an ethnic category. This study commenced with an understanding of the emergence of the ‘Basotho’ (Northern Basotho) subject, followed by the ways in which missionaries and black African Christian converts added cultural weight to this term through the formalisation of language, the particularisation of a Northern Sotho culture and the production of Northern Sotho print media. Within these texts, ideas around a Northern Sotho ethnicity were circulated. Additionally, within vernacular texts, appeared representations of black African women, which echoed missionary ideals of Christian womanhood and precolonial ideals of womanhood. This study foregrounded the discourse on the formation of the Northern Sotho ethnicity in the light of the representations of women in literary texts. This is because literary works were targeted at black African communities, and these works shaped black Africans’ own ideas of ethnicity and womanhood. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-25
- Authors: Mahlo, Mathabo Makgare Betty
- Date: 2025-04-25
- Subjects: Northern Sotho language , Sotho (African people) , Women, Black Africa , Representation (Philosophy) , Missionaries , Berlin Mission Church (Transvaal, South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/478465 , vital:78189
- Description: This study sought to explore the way an African ethnicity – namely the ‘Pedi’ ethnicity - emerged through literary texts and examined the representations of black African woman in vernacular texts from 1935 to 1990. This thesis is geographically situated in the Northern Transvaal, currently known as the Limpopo Province, the ‘homeland’ of Northern Sotho speakers (‘Sesotho sa Lebowa’ or ‘Basotho’ communities). It began by tracing the various stakeholders who utilised the terms ‘Pedi’ and ‘Bapedi’ to represent a federation of independent chiefdoms within the Lulu (or Leolo) Mountain valley. The noun ‘Pedi’ became - over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth century - an ethnic category, encompassing those who spoke one of the many Northern Sotho dialects. As the Berlin Missionary Society (BMS) expanded their missionary enterprise into the Transvaal in the 1860s, a Northern Sotho language was formalised – with the aid of black African Christian converts from different Northern Basotho’s chiefdoms. The formalisation of Northern Sotho as a language resulted in the creation of an artificial link between Northern Sotho communities and the Northern Sotho language by the Union of South Africa state. The state used this link as marker of ethnic difference, conflating speaking practices with ethnic units. In view of the foregoing, this study discussed the various historical processes that have informed our contemporary understanding of the ‘Pedi’ (henceforth referred to as Bapedi) – as an ethnic category. This study commenced with an understanding of the emergence of the ‘Basotho’ (Northern Basotho) subject, followed by the ways in which missionaries and black African Christian converts added cultural weight to this term through the formalisation of language, the particularisation of a Northern Sotho culture and the production of Northern Sotho print media. Within these texts, ideas around a Northern Sotho ethnicity were circulated. Additionally, within vernacular texts, appeared representations of black African women, which echoed missionary ideals of Christian womanhood and precolonial ideals of womanhood. This study foregrounded the discourse on the formation of the Northern Sotho ethnicity in the light of the representations of women in literary texts. This is because literary works were targeted at black African communities, and these works shaped black Africans’ own ideas of ethnicity and womanhood. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-25
A case study of the internal branding process at Kagiso Media
- Authors: Mchunu, Bonisiwe Purity
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Product management , Internal branding , Kagiso Media , Performance management , Organizational change South Africa , Senior leadership teams
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479449 , vital:78314
- Description: This research took the form of a case study of a media company, Kagiso Media (KM), that had been through a process of change. The company adopted a branding approach and used internal branding activities to implement a change intervention, which was unconventional and a unique approach, making it worthy of investigation. The primary aim of the study was, therefore, to analyse how a change in brand ideology (i.e. encompassing the business mission, vision, goals and shared values) shaped the senior leadership behaviour at KM and also led to the development of an improved performance management system. A case study research method was used. Data was collected through face-to-face and online interviews with the leadership team and combined with relevant company documents. A deductive thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that brand ideology can impact leadership behaviour and performance if implemented deliberately. When the new CEO was appointed, his starting point was to change the KM brand ideology. The study revealed that, because of greater clarity in brand ideology, leadership behaviour improved. There were shifts in the manner in which leadership behaved and how they handled performance as a result of entrenching the new brand ideology. The study also revealed that the development of brand ideology necessitated changes in the performance management system. Brand-centred performance management systems contributed towards building a performance culture. In essence, developing a clear brand ideology was central to changing leadership behaviour and the revision of the performance management performance system. While limitations of the study are acknowledged, it has contributed by offering a unique perspective of an internal branding driven change and demonstrates how a change in brand ideology can impact leadership behaviour and performance management. Furthermore, the study recommended that further research could be done to include the perspectives of staff beyond the leadership team. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Mchunu, Bonisiwe Purity
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Product management , Internal branding , Kagiso Media , Performance management , Organizational change South Africa , Senior leadership teams
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479449 , vital:78314
- Description: This research took the form of a case study of a media company, Kagiso Media (KM), that had been through a process of change. The company adopted a branding approach and used internal branding activities to implement a change intervention, which was unconventional and a unique approach, making it worthy of investigation. The primary aim of the study was, therefore, to analyse how a change in brand ideology (i.e. encompassing the business mission, vision, goals and shared values) shaped the senior leadership behaviour at KM and also led to the development of an improved performance management system. A case study research method was used. Data was collected through face-to-face and online interviews with the leadership team and combined with relevant company documents. A deductive thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that brand ideology can impact leadership behaviour and performance if implemented deliberately. When the new CEO was appointed, his starting point was to change the KM brand ideology. The study revealed that, because of greater clarity in brand ideology, leadership behaviour improved. There were shifts in the manner in which leadership behaved and how they handled performance as a result of entrenching the new brand ideology. The study also revealed that the development of brand ideology necessitated changes in the performance management system. Brand-centred performance management systems contributed towards building a performance culture. In essence, developing a clear brand ideology was central to changing leadership behaviour and the revision of the performance management performance system. While limitations of the study are acknowledged, it has contributed by offering a unique perspective of an internal branding driven change and demonstrates how a change in brand ideology can impact leadership behaviour and performance management. Furthermore, the study recommended that further research could be done to include the perspectives of staff beyond the leadership team. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
A critical exploration of the personal experiences of the shifting womanhoods practices and values between the traditional and contemporary contexts of the Basotho cultural group
- Authors: Zondi, Babazile Jessica
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Rites and ceremonies Lesotho , Rite of passage Lesotho , Gender ideology , Women, Sotho Lesotho Rites and ceremonies , Womanism Lesotho
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480172 , vital:78403
- Description: Womanhood rites of passage fulfill the purpose of integrating young girls into accepted womanhood roles, ideals, definitions, and expectations. Traditional Basotho womanhood rites of passage have become less popular in the modern context, with alternative womanhood practices and spaces populating the contemporary Basotho context. Through a qualitative methodology, this study explores three Basotho womanhood spaces insofar as they define and construct womanhood for the participants. Additionally, this thesis critically explores the personal experiences of the shifting womanhoods practices and values between the traditional and contemporary contexts of the Basotho women. It draws on the in-depth accounts of nine women of different ages and backgrounds and participating or having participated in one of three womanhood spaces: Lebollo la basali, Pitiki ea bomme, and Makoti. This study leans on African Feminist theory to engage these experiences and further relies on the qualitative methodology, using semi-structured interviews to collect data. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Zondi, Babazile Jessica
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Rites and ceremonies Lesotho , Rite of passage Lesotho , Gender ideology , Women, Sotho Lesotho Rites and ceremonies , Womanism Lesotho
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480172 , vital:78403
- Description: Womanhood rites of passage fulfill the purpose of integrating young girls into accepted womanhood roles, ideals, definitions, and expectations. Traditional Basotho womanhood rites of passage have become less popular in the modern context, with alternative womanhood practices and spaces populating the contemporary Basotho context. Through a qualitative methodology, this study explores three Basotho womanhood spaces insofar as they define and construct womanhood for the participants. Additionally, this thesis critically explores the personal experiences of the shifting womanhoods practices and values between the traditional and contemporary contexts of the Basotho women. It draws on the in-depth accounts of nine women of different ages and backgrounds and participating or having participated in one of three womanhood spaces: Lebollo la basali, Pitiki ea bomme, and Makoti. This study leans on African Feminist theory to engage these experiences and further relies on the qualitative methodology, using semi-structured interviews to collect data. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Alcohol-related harm in relation to demographic factors: a longitudinal analysis of South African university students
- Authors: Chakabuda, Tatenda
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: College students Alcohol use South Africa , College students Social conditions , Alcoholism Age factors , Alcoholism Sex differences , Drinking of alcoholic beverages Social aspects South Africa , Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480139 , vital:78400
- Description: Introduction: Substance abuse, particularly alcohol abuse, has been widely studied. Due to its nature as a legal substance, the negative effects of alcohol are seemingly undermined. However, studies over time have constantly shown that despite being legal, alcohol has detrimental effects that should not be ignored. The consequences of alcohol can be divided into two broad categories: short-term and long-term. Short-term effects include blackouts, poor decision-making, engaging in unsafe sexual practices, and vandalism. On the other end, long-term effects include physiological harm and declining neurocognitive capacity. These and many other forms of harm have been studied, mainly in diagnosed alcoholic populations. Overtime, the population of interest in terms of alcohol-related harm broadened and it increasingly became evident that university students are susceptible to alcohol-related harm and alcohol use disorders due to their drinking patterns. Student drinking patterns involving binge drinking, pre-drinking, and drinking games are common due to the fact that in university, young adults have less supervision and more freedom. University students are also in an environment where excessive alcohol use is normalised, which makes them prone to alcohol-harm. However, it is important to note that different demographics are predisposed to alcohol-harm differently. Gender, age, racial and socio-economic differences are some factors that have been proven to differentiate individuals’ likelihood of experiencing alcohol-related harm. Unfortunately, the differences across these different demographics within a South African university population are yet to be adequately explored. A large percentage of existing literature on demographic differences in the experience of alcohol harm in university cohorts has been largely amongst Western student populations. Methods: The present longitudinal study aimed to rectify this research gap by providing an evidence-based outcome analysis of demographic differences in the experience of alcohol-related harm in a South African student population. Data were collected using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) over a three-year period (2015, 2016 & 2017) from the same Rhodes University student cohort. Demographic data in the form of age, race, gender, and socio-economic status was analysed to study alcohol-related harm. Results: Data indicated that male students did not significantly experience greater alcohol-related harm compared to female students (p > 0.05). Similarly, white students did not experience significantly more alcohol-related harm compared to non-white students (p > 0.05). Findings further indicated that younger students experienced significantly greater alcohol-related harm in comparison to older students (p < 0.05). Lastly, students from a higher socio-economic background did not experience significantly greater alcohol-induced harm when compared to those from a lower socioeconomic status background (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Differences by age could be related to early brain development being linked to greater risk-taking, resulting in greater alcohol-related harm. Moreover, the absence of guardians may place younger student populations at greater risk for unhealthy drinking patterns, which may result in alcohol-related harm. Findings from the study suggest a greater need for interventions to target younger student populations. Future studies should explore why younger students are at greater risk for alcohol-related harm and seek to develop interventions that are more effective for this population. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Chakabuda, Tatenda
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: College students Alcohol use South Africa , College students Social conditions , Alcoholism Age factors , Alcoholism Sex differences , Drinking of alcoholic beverages Social aspects South Africa , Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480139 , vital:78400
- Description: Introduction: Substance abuse, particularly alcohol abuse, has been widely studied. Due to its nature as a legal substance, the negative effects of alcohol are seemingly undermined. However, studies over time have constantly shown that despite being legal, alcohol has detrimental effects that should not be ignored. The consequences of alcohol can be divided into two broad categories: short-term and long-term. Short-term effects include blackouts, poor decision-making, engaging in unsafe sexual practices, and vandalism. On the other end, long-term effects include physiological harm and declining neurocognitive capacity. These and many other forms of harm have been studied, mainly in diagnosed alcoholic populations. Overtime, the population of interest in terms of alcohol-related harm broadened and it increasingly became evident that university students are susceptible to alcohol-related harm and alcohol use disorders due to their drinking patterns. Student drinking patterns involving binge drinking, pre-drinking, and drinking games are common due to the fact that in university, young adults have less supervision and more freedom. University students are also in an environment where excessive alcohol use is normalised, which makes them prone to alcohol-harm. However, it is important to note that different demographics are predisposed to alcohol-harm differently. Gender, age, racial and socio-economic differences are some factors that have been proven to differentiate individuals’ likelihood of experiencing alcohol-related harm. Unfortunately, the differences across these different demographics within a South African university population are yet to be adequately explored. A large percentage of existing literature on demographic differences in the experience of alcohol harm in university cohorts has been largely amongst Western student populations. Methods: The present longitudinal study aimed to rectify this research gap by providing an evidence-based outcome analysis of demographic differences in the experience of alcohol-related harm in a South African student population. Data were collected using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) over a three-year period (2015, 2016 & 2017) from the same Rhodes University student cohort. Demographic data in the form of age, race, gender, and socio-economic status was analysed to study alcohol-related harm. Results: Data indicated that male students did not significantly experience greater alcohol-related harm compared to female students (p > 0.05). Similarly, white students did not experience significantly more alcohol-related harm compared to non-white students (p > 0.05). Findings further indicated that younger students experienced significantly greater alcohol-related harm in comparison to older students (p < 0.05). Lastly, students from a higher socio-economic background did not experience significantly greater alcohol-induced harm when compared to those from a lower socioeconomic status background (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Differences by age could be related to early brain development being linked to greater risk-taking, resulting in greater alcohol-related harm. Moreover, the absence of guardians may place younger student populations at greater risk for unhealthy drinking patterns, which may result in alcohol-related harm. Findings from the study suggest a greater need for interventions to target younger student populations. Future studies should explore why younger students are at greater risk for alcohol-related harm and seek to develop interventions that are more effective for this population. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
An analysis of business incubation: case study of Chemin business incubator in East London
- Authors: Mnqokoyi, Zoliswa
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Intangible asset , Resource , Business incubators South Africa East London , New business enterprises South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479473 , vital:78316
- Description: This study delves into an in-depth analysis of business incubation practices, focusing on the case study of Chemin Business Incubator located in East London. The primary aim of this research is to explore how Chemin utilizes both tangible and intangible resources to support incubates throughout the incubation process. Through a meticulous examination of resource allocation strategies, this study seeks to uncover the impact of these resources on the success of incubated ventures. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study employed a single case study approach, which enabled the researcher to explore in depth the resource utilization and allocation processes at Chemin. The research was conducted within the interpretivist paradigm, focusing on understanding the experiences of incubates and the management team. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 participants, including five entrepreneurs who successfully completed the incubation process, five entrepreneurs currently undergoing incubation, and five members of the management team. Additionally, document analysis of official Chemin documents provided secondary data to supplement the primary data collected through interviews. The research objectives included analyzing the allocation of resources to meet enterprise development goals, exploring the role of resources in determining incubate success at different stages of incubation, and identifying instances where resource allocation posed challenges to incubate success. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data, identifying key themes and patterns related to resource allocation and its impact on incubate success. The findings of this study shed light on the multifaceted nature of resource utilization within the business incubation context. Tangible resources, including physical assets and financial support, were found to be instrumental in providing startups with essential infrastructure and funding networks. Additionally, intangible resources such as mentorship, networking opportunities, and business advisory services emerged as critical factors in nurturing entrepreneurial talent and fostering innovation. Moreover, the study identified key areas where resource allocation strategies could be optimized to enhance incubate success. By addressing these challenges, business incubators like Chemin can further bolster their support for startups, contributing to economic development and entrepreneurial growth. Lastly, this research adds valuable insights to the field of business incubation, offering practical recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of resource allocation strategies. Through a nuanced understanding of how tangible and intangible resources impact incubate success, this study aims to inform policymakers, incubator managers, and entrepreneurs alike, fostering a conducive ecosystem for startup growth and innovation. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Mnqokoyi, Zoliswa
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Intangible asset , Resource , Business incubators South Africa East London , New business enterprises South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479473 , vital:78316
- Description: This study delves into an in-depth analysis of business incubation practices, focusing on the case study of Chemin Business Incubator located in East London. The primary aim of this research is to explore how Chemin utilizes both tangible and intangible resources to support incubates throughout the incubation process. Through a meticulous examination of resource allocation strategies, this study seeks to uncover the impact of these resources on the success of incubated ventures. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study employed a single case study approach, which enabled the researcher to explore in depth the resource utilization and allocation processes at Chemin. The research was conducted within the interpretivist paradigm, focusing on understanding the experiences of incubates and the management team. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 participants, including five entrepreneurs who successfully completed the incubation process, five entrepreneurs currently undergoing incubation, and five members of the management team. Additionally, document analysis of official Chemin documents provided secondary data to supplement the primary data collected through interviews. The research objectives included analyzing the allocation of resources to meet enterprise development goals, exploring the role of resources in determining incubate success at different stages of incubation, and identifying instances where resource allocation posed challenges to incubate success. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data, identifying key themes and patterns related to resource allocation and its impact on incubate success. The findings of this study shed light on the multifaceted nature of resource utilization within the business incubation context. Tangible resources, including physical assets and financial support, were found to be instrumental in providing startups with essential infrastructure and funding networks. Additionally, intangible resources such as mentorship, networking opportunities, and business advisory services emerged as critical factors in nurturing entrepreneurial talent and fostering innovation. Moreover, the study identified key areas where resource allocation strategies could be optimized to enhance incubate success. By addressing these challenges, business incubators like Chemin can further bolster their support for startups, contributing to economic development and entrepreneurial growth. Lastly, this research adds valuable insights to the field of business incubation, offering practical recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of resource allocation strategies. Through a nuanced understanding of how tangible and intangible resources impact incubate success, this study aims to inform policymakers, incubator managers, and entrepreneurs alike, fostering a conducive ecosystem for startup growth and innovation. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
An analysis of the impact of financialisation on commodity futures and spot prices
- Authors: Calitz, Geoffrey George
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Commodity price , Commodity futures Prices , Spot prices , Financialization , Commodities exchange , Commodity supercycle
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479528 , vital:78321
- Description: The debate on the commodity financialisation phenomenon was triggered in response to the steep rise in commodity futures and spot prices during the 2000-2011 super cycle. The two schools of thought regarding the underlying causes of such dramatic price increases are divided between those attributing the super cycle to fundamental drivers, and those who suggest that fundamental drivers alone are an insufficient explanation, and that other non-fundamental drivers are important. Fundamental drivers commonly cited in the literature include the sustained growth in demand for commodities throughout the early 2000s from emerging economies, such as China and India, and shocks to supply chains such as crop failures, export bans, and other factors such as macroeconomic dynamics. However, an alternative school of thought found empirical evidence which suggested that in addition to fundamental drivers, non-fundamental drivers such as key regulatory changes in commodity and financial markets in 1999/2000, and the subsequent changes to the trading activities in commodity derivative markets and the resultant historic growth in the participation of purely financial investors, significantly impacted the structure and price dynamics in commodity markets, in a phenomenon known as the financialisation of commodity markets. This study contributes to the empirical literature by expanding compared with previous studies the time period under investigation, as well as expanding the range of commodities examined. The most recent 2020-2024 period of rising prices is included, and the behavior of both cross-sector and same-sector pairwise return correlations of futures and spot prices in this period is compared to the pre-financialisation period. The study contributes to the literature by examining how the cross market and cross asset return correlation structure has behaved throughout the entire post-financialisation era. The study makes a further contribution by establishing the statistical significance of futures market returns as a predictor of spot market returns. It is found that the financialisation phenomenon impacted both commodity futures and spot markets. Pairwise return correlation is substantially greater throughout Period 2 (post-financialisation) compared to Period 1 (pre-financialisation) for same-sector and cross-sector pairs of futures and spot prices. The structural change in return correlation between these two periods was found to be especially pronounced for cross-sector pairs of futures and spot prices. The financialisation hypothesis is further supported by the findings of persistent structural changes in cross market and cross asset return correlation, which has become even more pronounced in the later stages of financialisation. The most recent period of rising commodity prices, Period 2(c) (2020-2024), is found to show elevated pairwise return correlation for futures and spot prices levels when compared to Period 1 (pre-financialisation), but the increase in correlations is less than in earlier financialisation periods such as Period 2(a) (2000-2011) and Period 2(b) (2012-2019). These findings suggest that index buying may be less important in the later stages of commodity financialisation. It was found that futures market returns are statistically significant predictors of spot market returns. Furthermore, the causal effect of futures market returns on spot market returns under the effect of financialisation (2000-2024) is found to be statistically significant in all five examples (WTI crude oil, gold, silver, LME copper and aluminium) examined in the study. The study finds that a clear structural change occurred in commodity spot and futures markets in the post-financialisation period. The consistency of this structural change is evident when analysing both cross sector and same sector pairwise return correlation behavior of commodity spot and futures prices, and when analysing cross market and cross asset return correlation between commodity markets and financial market benchmarks. The implication for investors is that commodity markets no longer offer certain portfolio diversification benefits and downside protection to drops in equity markets previously found in the empirical literature, and investors need to recalibrate strategies to account for these structural changes. The study concludes that the commodity market financialisation hypothesis is sound, and this implies that further research is required to better understand the impact of such structural changes on commodity futures and spot markets. In addition, because futures market returns are found to be a statistically significant predictor of spot market returns, it is imperative that further research be undertaken which investigates the explicit relationship between futures and spot markets so that policy makers and market regulators better understand the links between these two markets so that policy decisions are better informed. Furthermore, it is necessary that future research investigates how the transmission of information occurs between futures and spot markets, and how this matters for consumers, and addresses what welfare implications may be associated with this. Lastly, the author has advocated for increased transparency and restrictions in commodity markets, suggesting that all trading occurs on open regulated exchanges and that position limits are implemented, so as to prevent any market distortion which may come from institutional speculators taking excessively powerful and large positions. , Thesis (MEcon) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Calitz, Geoffrey George
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Commodity price , Commodity futures Prices , Spot prices , Financialization , Commodities exchange , Commodity supercycle
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479528 , vital:78321
- Description: The debate on the commodity financialisation phenomenon was triggered in response to the steep rise in commodity futures and spot prices during the 2000-2011 super cycle. The two schools of thought regarding the underlying causes of such dramatic price increases are divided between those attributing the super cycle to fundamental drivers, and those who suggest that fundamental drivers alone are an insufficient explanation, and that other non-fundamental drivers are important. Fundamental drivers commonly cited in the literature include the sustained growth in demand for commodities throughout the early 2000s from emerging economies, such as China and India, and shocks to supply chains such as crop failures, export bans, and other factors such as macroeconomic dynamics. However, an alternative school of thought found empirical evidence which suggested that in addition to fundamental drivers, non-fundamental drivers such as key regulatory changes in commodity and financial markets in 1999/2000, and the subsequent changes to the trading activities in commodity derivative markets and the resultant historic growth in the participation of purely financial investors, significantly impacted the structure and price dynamics in commodity markets, in a phenomenon known as the financialisation of commodity markets. This study contributes to the empirical literature by expanding compared with previous studies the time period under investigation, as well as expanding the range of commodities examined. The most recent 2020-2024 period of rising prices is included, and the behavior of both cross-sector and same-sector pairwise return correlations of futures and spot prices in this period is compared to the pre-financialisation period. The study contributes to the literature by examining how the cross market and cross asset return correlation structure has behaved throughout the entire post-financialisation era. The study makes a further contribution by establishing the statistical significance of futures market returns as a predictor of spot market returns. It is found that the financialisation phenomenon impacted both commodity futures and spot markets. Pairwise return correlation is substantially greater throughout Period 2 (post-financialisation) compared to Period 1 (pre-financialisation) for same-sector and cross-sector pairs of futures and spot prices. The structural change in return correlation between these two periods was found to be especially pronounced for cross-sector pairs of futures and spot prices. The financialisation hypothesis is further supported by the findings of persistent structural changes in cross market and cross asset return correlation, which has become even more pronounced in the later stages of financialisation. The most recent period of rising commodity prices, Period 2(c) (2020-2024), is found to show elevated pairwise return correlation for futures and spot prices levels when compared to Period 1 (pre-financialisation), but the increase in correlations is less than in earlier financialisation periods such as Period 2(a) (2000-2011) and Period 2(b) (2012-2019). These findings suggest that index buying may be less important in the later stages of commodity financialisation. It was found that futures market returns are statistically significant predictors of spot market returns. Furthermore, the causal effect of futures market returns on spot market returns under the effect of financialisation (2000-2024) is found to be statistically significant in all five examples (WTI crude oil, gold, silver, LME copper and aluminium) examined in the study. The study finds that a clear structural change occurred in commodity spot and futures markets in the post-financialisation period. The consistency of this structural change is evident when analysing both cross sector and same sector pairwise return correlation behavior of commodity spot and futures prices, and when analysing cross market and cross asset return correlation between commodity markets and financial market benchmarks. The implication for investors is that commodity markets no longer offer certain portfolio diversification benefits and downside protection to drops in equity markets previously found in the empirical literature, and investors need to recalibrate strategies to account for these structural changes. The study concludes that the commodity market financialisation hypothesis is sound, and this implies that further research is required to better understand the impact of such structural changes on commodity futures and spot markets. In addition, because futures market returns are found to be a statistically significant predictor of spot market returns, it is imperative that further research be undertaken which investigates the explicit relationship between futures and spot markets so that policy makers and market regulators better understand the links between these two markets so that policy decisions are better informed. Furthermore, it is necessary that future research investigates how the transmission of information occurs between futures and spot markets, and how this matters for consumers, and addresses what welfare implications may be associated with this. Lastly, the author has advocated for increased transparency and restrictions in commodity markets, suggesting that all trading occurs on open regulated exchanges and that position limits are implemented, so as to prevent any market distortion which may come from institutional speculators taking excessively powerful and large positions. , Thesis (MEcon) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
An analysis of the role of tax legislation in promoting sustainability in the mining industry: a South African, Australian and United Kingdom perspective
- Authors: Murahwi, Tadiwanashe Don
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479506 , vital:78319
- Description: The mining industry contributes significantly to South Africa’s economy, but is fraught with controversies due to its negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. Although tax measures are established to offset these negative externalities, the role of tax provisions in promoting sustainability within South Africa’s mining sector remains underexplored. The goal of this study is to analyse the tax provisions aimed at promoting sustainability in the mining industry in South Africa, Australia and the United Kingdom, in order to identify tax provisions applying in Australia and the United Kingdom that could be introduced into South African tax legislation to strengthen the sustainability of the mining industry. In addressing the goal of the research, the thesis outlines the socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining in South Africa, discusses the sustainability discourse surrounding the industry, and analyses and compares tax provisions promoting sustainability in South Africa, Australia and the United Kingdom. An interpretative qualitative research methodology was applied in the study. The research highlighted the significant environmental degradation caused by mining, including air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, and land degradation, while also noting the socio-economic consequences, particularly for local communities and vulnerable groups. South African tax legislation, such as the Income Tax Act, Mineral and Petroleum Resources Royalty Act, and the Carbon Tax Act, aim to promote mine rehabilitation, fair taxation, contribution to the fiscus, and a reduction in emissions. What is evident from the analysis of tax provisions in Australia and the United Kingdom is that tax measures go beyond mine rehabilitation, and address issues such as tax transparency, energy consumption, and community investments, promoting sustainability by balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship. The study concludes that current tax interventions primarily address environmental degradation while neglecting the social impacts of mining. Optimizing tax policies to enhance sustainability requires a comprehensive, balanced approach that addresses environmental, economic, and social aspects, including adopting practices from Australia and the United Kingdom to promote tax transparency, community investment, and environmental protection. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Accounting, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Murahwi, Tadiwanashe Don
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479506 , vital:78319
- Description: The mining industry contributes significantly to South Africa’s economy, but is fraught with controversies due to its negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. Although tax measures are established to offset these negative externalities, the role of tax provisions in promoting sustainability within South Africa’s mining sector remains underexplored. The goal of this study is to analyse the tax provisions aimed at promoting sustainability in the mining industry in South Africa, Australia and the United Kingdom, in order to identify tax provisions applying in Australia and the United Kingdom that could be introduced into South African tax legislation to strengthen the sustainability of the mining industry. In addressing the goal of the research, the thesis outlines the socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining in South Africa, discusses the sustainability discourse surrounding the industry, and analyses and compares tax provisions promoting sustainability in South Africa, Australia and the United Kingdom. An interpretative qualitative research methodology was applied in the study. The research highlighted the significant environmental degradation caused by mining, including air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, and land degradation, while also noting the socio-economic consequences, particularly for local communities and vulnerable groups. South African tax legislation, such as the Income Tax Act, Mineral and Petroleum Resources Royalty Act, and the Carbon Tax Act, aim to promote mine rehabilitation, fair taxation, contribution to the fiscus, and a reduction in emissions. What is evident from the analysis of tax provisions in Australia and the United Kingdom is that tax measures go beyond mine rehabilitation, and address issues such as tax transparency, energy consumption, and community investments, promoting sustainability by balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship. The study concludes that current tax interventions primarily address environmental degradation while neglecting the social impacts of mining. Optimizing tax policies to enhance sustainability requires a comprehensive, balanced approach that addresses environmental, economic, and social aspects, including adopting practices from Australia and the United Kingdom to promote tax transparency, community investment, and environmental protection. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Accounting, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Composition portfolio
- Authors: Jera, Tinashe Donaldson
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Composition (Music) , Indigenous arts Zimbabwe , Art music , Music Africa History and criticism , Dance music Zimbabwe , Serialism (Music) , Post-tonal music theory
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479548 , vital:78323
- Description: Completing this portfolio has been an incredibly enlightening musical journey for me. From the beginning of my composition studies as an undergraduate student, I found myself captivated by a multitude of musical styles, which fostered a desire to compose in various genres and for a range of voices. However, upon embarking on postgraduate studies, it became apparent to me that I yearned to cultivate a distinctly personal compositional voice that resonated with my own artistic sensibilities, one that I, as a composer, could wholeheartedly embrace and call my own. Upon delving into the depths of my culture and embracing my identity as a Zimbabwean classical musician, I came to the realisation of just how profoundly rich and culturally diverse my background and musical heritage truly is. Kofi Agawu (2023) comments that African composers possess “multiple and eclectic heritages.” He explains that these heritages stem from “community-based traditional music (music with the strongest claims to being of pre-European origin […]), modifications of this tradition into neo-traditional forms; the ubiquitous, popular music of Cuban, American and British origins; and […] selected European repertories”. So, along with other African composers who compose in the African art music tradition, my multiple heritages are reflected in my creativity, and this is evident in this portfolio. This portfolio has provided me with a remarkable opportunity to immerse myself in the intricacies of Zimbabwean music, exploring the nuances of its rhythms and dances as practised by our elders. Gerhard Kubik (1994) stated that in an expansive sense, "African music" encompasses "dance" as well, given that the two are inextricably connected facets of the same cultural complex. Studying the dances shown in this portfolio enabled me to develop a deep admiration for my own culture and the aesthetic appeal of our indigenous musical rhythms and dances. The process has also allowed me to embark on a comprehensive study of these elements, meticulously translating them into original musical compositions. Moreover, I have been fortunate enough to engage in meaningful conversations with some of the most noted musicians of Zimbabwean traditional music, something that has afforded me a profound understanding of the intricacies and subtleties that permeate our musical culture. A fundamental aesthetic element of this portfolio is its deep connection to Zimbabwean dance cultures. For example, the rhythmic ideas located in the Zimbabwean Dance Suite are intimately tied to the original dances of Zimbabwe, reflecting a genuine engagement with my cultural heritage, delineated further through the creation of original melodies and harmonies that replicate those located in Indigenous music-making. My music is, thus, imbued with traditional Zimbabwean artistic practices, though they are placed in a different cultural milieu, one where traditional roots are respected while new creative territories are explored, as Zimbabwean cultural elements are synthesised with Western music techniques. The Western aspects of my musical heritage are explored in-depth in the Clarinet Trio, Ndangariro, where the broad ideas of the twentieth century’s modernist tendencies largely located in post-tonalism are featured in my harmonic stance. Here, dissonant constructions with sometimes merciless, rasping dissonances colour the harmonic landscape. This follows the general trend of that era, which is frequently referred to as “the emancipation of dissonance” (Hinton 2010), where chord construction and treatment of dissonances is antithetical to the norms followed through the common-practice period with the boundaries between consonance and dissonance being blurred (Kostka and Santa 2018). Here, my primary influence is that of Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951), especially his development of twelve-tone serialism, and my reflexive commentary will outline this impact on my music. Further, the piquant sound world frequently associated with Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992) is also apparent in Ndangariro. While the piano part frequently shows the influence of post-tonalism the melodic lines played by the violin and clarinet often (though not always) display the influence of Romanticism, especially Romantic-styled gestures. It is the merging of these two expressive domains that goes towards the emergence of this piece’s uniquely hued sound world. These composers' approaches to modernism and their departure from traditional harmony and chord progressions inspired my approach to exploring new musical soundscapes and conveying deep, meaningful ideas. This engagement with twentieth-century Western music opens up new avenues for expressing complex emotional landscapes and philosophical concepts. In this work, I continued to create my own range of ideas to develop unique chord structures and personalised sonic spaces. This portfolio is a deep, introspective look into my personal journey, mirroring significant life events and the evolution of my musical identity; it not only offers a glimpse into my own soul but also showcases the evolving nature of my own creative expression. At its core, this portfolio expresses life in all its manifestations from joy and happiness to the pain of loss and mourning as experienced through my African heritage. It speaks to the universal experiences of hardship and overcoming such hardship through resilience; therefore, the overarching message is one of hope, which, in this case, is expressed through musical and artistic innovation as African and Western elements are merged in musical composition. It is this blending which lies at the core of Tenzi Tinzwireyi Tsitsi, a setting of the Kyrie Eleison using Zimbabwean musical and linguistic features merged with Western choralism. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Jera, Tinashe Donaldson
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Composition (Music) , Indigenous arts Zimbabwe , Art music , Music Africa History and criticism , Dance music Zimbabwe , Serialism (Music) , Post-tonal music theory
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479548 , vital:78323
- Description: Completing this portfolio has been an incredibly enlightening musical journey for me. From the beginning of my composition studies as an undergraduate student, I found myself captivated by a multitude of musical styles, which fostered a desire to compose in various genres and for a range of voices. However, upon embarking on postgraduate studies, it became apparent to me that I yearned to cultivate a distinctly personal compositional voice that resonated with my own artistic sensibilities, one that I, as a composer, could wholeheartedly embrace and call my own. Upon delving into the depths of my culture and embracing my identity as a Zimbabwean classical musician, I came to the realisation of just how profoundly rich and culturally diverse my background and musical heritage truly is. Kofi Agawu (2023) comments that African composers possess “multiple and eclectic heritages.” He explains that these heritages stem from “community-based traditional music (music with the strongest claims to being of pre-European origin […]), modifications of this tradition into neo-traditional forms; the ubiquitous, popular music of Cuban, American and British origins; and […] selected European repertories”. So, along with other African composers who compose in the African art music tradition, my multiple heritages are reflected in my creativity, and this is evident in this portfolio. This portfolio has provided me with a remarkable opportunity to immerse myself in the intricacies of Zimbabwean music, exploring the nuances of its rhythms and dances as practised by our elders. Gerhard Kubik (1994) stated that in an expansive sense, "African music" encompasses "dance" as well, given that the two are inextricably connected facets of the same cultural complex. Studying the dances shown in this portfolio enabled me to develop a deep admiration for my own culture and the aesthetic appeal of our indigenous musical rhythms and dances. The process has also allowed me to embark on a comprehensive study of these elements, meticulously translating them into original musical compositions. Moreover, I have been fortunate enough to engage in meaningful conversations with some of the most noted musicians of Zimbabwean traditional music, something that has afforded me a profound understanding of the intricacies and subtleties that permeate our musical culture. A fundamental aesthetic element of this portfolio is its deep connection to Zimbabwean dance cultures. For example, the rhythmic ideas located in the Zimbabwean Dance Suite are intimately tied to the original dances of Zimbabwe, reflecting a genuine engagement with my cultural heritage, delineated further through the creation of original melodies and harmonies that replicate those located in Indigenous music-making. My music is, thus, imbued with traditional Zimbabwean artistic practices, though they are placed in a different cultural milieu, one where traditional roots are respected while new creative territories are explored, as Zimbabwean cultural elements are synthesised with Western music techniques. The Western aspects of my musical heritage are explored in-depth in the Clarinet Trio, Ndangariro, where the broad ideas of the twentieth century’s modernist tendencies largely located in post-tonalism are featured in my harmonic stance. Here, dissonant constructions with sometimes merciless, rasping dissonances colour the harmonic landscape. This follows the general trend of that era, which is frequently referred to as “the emancipation of dissonance” (Hinton 2010), where chord construction and treatment of dissonances is antithetical to the norms followed through the common-practice period with the boundaries between consonance and dissonance being blurred (Kostka and Santa 2018). Here, my primary influence is that of Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951), especially his development of twelve-tone serialism, and my reflexive commentary will outline this impact on my music. Further, the piquant sound world frequently associated with Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992) is also apparent in Ndangariro. While the piano part frequently shows the influence of post-tonalism the melodic lines played by the violin and clarinet often (though not always) display the influence of Romanticism, especially Romantic-styled gestures. It is the merging of these two expressive domains that goes towards the emergence of this piece’s uniquely hued sound world. These composers' approaches to modernism and their departure from traditional harmony and chord progressions inspired my approach to exploring new musical soundscapes and conveying deep, meaningful ideas. This engagement with twentieth-century Western music opens up new avenues for expressing complex emotional landscapes and philosophical concepts. In this work, I continued to create my own range of ideas to develop unique chord structures and personalised sonic spaces. This portfolio is a deep, introspective look into my personal journey, mirroring significant life events and the evolution of my musical identity; it not only offers a glimpse into my own soul but also showcases the evolving nature of my own creative expression. At its core, this portfolio expresses life in all its manifestations from joy and happiness to the pain of loss and mourning as experienced through my African heritage. It speaks to the universal experiences of hardship and overcoming such hardship through resilience; therefore, the overarching message is one of hope, which, in this case, is expressed through musical and artistic innovation as African and Western elements are merged in musical composition. It is this blending which lies at the core of Tenzi Tinzwireyi Tsitsi, a setting of the Kyrie Eleison using Zimbabwean musical and linguistic features merged with Western choralism. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Creating a home away from home: examining the working conditions of housemothers employed in a public all-girls boarding school in the Eastern Cape of South Africa
- Authors: Mashamba, Nyaradzo Faith
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Housemothers Employment South Africa Eastern Cape , Work environment , Industrial relations , Organizational behavior , Boarding schools South Africa Eastern Cape , Housemothers South Africa Eastern Cape Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480150 , vital:78401
- Description: This study analyses the working conditions of housemothers employed in a public all-girls boarding school in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Most literature dedicated to the schooling system tends to prioritize the role of the teacher, whilst often side-lining or overlooking the role of housemothers who play a crucial role in schools with boarding facilities such as hostels. In addition to a good academic programme and great extracurricular activities, parents often choose schools according to how well their boarding facilities and hostels are run. Housemothers play a critical role in this regard, as they are responsible for creating a ‘home away from home’ for the students through the provision of guidance, care, and support amongst many other roles. Although public boarding schools do not run for profit, their hostels follow a strict capitalist-like regime that utilizes various methods to create a ‘home away from home’ for students. This study adopted a Labour Process Theory (LPT) to analyse the work processes and working conditions of housemothers employed in a public all-girls school in the Eastern Cape. Although traditionally applied in ‘for profit’ organizations, the LPT is ideal for this study because hostels in boarding schools use capitalist mechanisms to provide quality services to attract parents to send their children to these schools. This research adopted a qualitative research approach, as it seeks to unearth the subjective experiences of housemothers employed in a public all-girls boarding school in the Eastern Cape. The findings in this study indicated that housemothers do indeed play a central role in the governance of the girls’ hostels in the boarding school. The hostels are governed through diverse control mechanisms, which housemothers must adhere to. Housemothers are also divided into various categories to boost efficiency and save money. This is done through the division of labour amongst the housemothers who occupy three different roles, from matrons (at the top) to housemothers (regular), and student housemothers (who are not paid in monetary terms, but through accommodation and food). The findings also indicated that housemothers have limited agency in their work. The findings also showed that housemothers are required to display specific emotional characteristics to provide various forms of support to students at the expense of their own emotions. Lastly, housemothers are expected to dress in a certain way to present a sense of professionalism, as representatives of the school. Overall, this study showed that the capitalist-like methods applied by the school’s management team in the hostel system affect the labour outcomes and experiences of housemothers. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Mashamba, Nyaradzo Faith
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Housemothers Employment South Africa Eastern Cape , Work environment , Industrial relations , Organizational behavior , Boarding schools South Africa Eastern Cape , Housemothers South Africa Eastern Cape Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480150 , vital:78401
- Description: This study analyses the working conditions of housemothers employed in a public all-girls boarding school in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Most literature dedicated to the schooling system tends to prioritize the role of the teacher, whilst often side-lining or overlooking the role of housemothers who play a crucial role in schools with boarding facilities such as hostels. In addition to a good academic programme and great extracurricular activities, parents often choose schools according to how well their boarding facilities and hostels are run. Housemothers play a critical role in this regard, as they are responsible for creating a ‘home away from home’ for the students through the provision of guidance, care, and support amongst many other roles. Although public boarding schools do not run for profit, their hostels follow a strict capitalist-like regime that utilizes various methods to create a ‘home away from home’ for students. This study adopted a Labour Process Theory (LPT) to analyse the work processes and working conditions of housemothers employed in a public all-girls school in the Eastern Cape. Although traditionally applied in ‘for profit’ organizations, the LPT is ideal for this study because hostels in boarding schools use capitalist mechanisms to provide quality services to attract parents to send their children to these schools. This research adopted a qualitative research approach, as it seeks to unearth the subjective experiences of housemothers employed in a public all-girls boarding school in the Eastern Cape. The findings in this study indicated that housemothers do indeed play a central role in the governance of the girls’ hostels in the boarding school. The hostels are governed through diverse control mechanisms, which housemothers must adhere to. Housemothers are also divided into various categories to boost efficiency and save money. This is done through the division of labour amongst the housemothers who occupy three different roles, from matrons (at the top) to housemothers (regular), and student housemothers (who are not paid in monetary terms, but through accommodation and food). The findings also indicated that housemothers have limited agency in their work. The findings also showed that housemothers are required to display specific emotional characteristics to provide various forms of support to students at the expense of their own emotions. Lastly, housemothers are expected to dress in a certain way to present a sense of professionalism, as representatives of the school. Overall, this study showed that the capitalist-like methods applied by the school’s management team in the hostel system affect the labour outcomes and experiences of housemothers. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Evaluating the effectiveness of Work Integrated Learning (WIL) from the perspective of its key stakeholders: a case study of a TVET college
- Authors: Madabane, Sandisiwe
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Technical institutes South Africa , Vocational education South Africa , Work-integrated learning , Stakeholder management , Stakeholder theory
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479437 , vital:78313
- Description: This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) programme from the perspective of its key stakeholders, using stakeholder theory as the framework. Stakeholder theory suggests that organisations should consider the interests and needs of various stakeholders who have a vested interest in or are affected by the organisation's activities (Freeman 1963;1984). In the context of WIL, stakeholders include students, the Technical and Vocational Education and Training College, and host employers. The study uncovers the experiences, perceptions, and recommendations of students, educators, employers, and institutions involved in the WIL programme by collecting data through interviews, focus groups, and documents. Through evaluation research, valuable insights emerge regarding the success and potential areas for improvement of WIL within TVET Colleges. The findings indicate issues like inadequate resources and uneven student readiness, and they offer helpful suggestions for better communication, resource distribution, and support systems. Additionally, this calls for more research on curriculum integration, industry collaborations, and long-term career outcomes evaluation. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Madabane, Sandisiwe
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Technical institutes South Africa , Vocational education South Africa , Work-integrated learning , Stakeholder management , Stakeholder theory
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479437 , vital:78313
- Description: This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) programme from the perspective of its key stakeholders, using stakeholder theory as the framework. Stakeholder theory suggests that organisations should consider the interests and needs of various stakeholders who have a vested interest in or are affected by the organisation's activities (Freeman 1963;1984). In the context of WIL, stakeholders include students, the Technical and Vocational Education and Training College, and host employers. The study uncovers the experiences, perceptions, and recommendations of students, educators, employers, and institutions involved in the WIL programme by collecting data through interviews, focus groups, and documents. Through evaluation research, valuable insights emerge regarding the success and potential areas for improvement of WIL within TVET Colleges. The findings indicate issues like inadequate resources and uneven student readiness, and they offer helpful suggestions for better communication, resource distribution, and support systems. Additionally, this calls for more research on curriculum integration, industry collaborations, and long-term career outcomes evaluation. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Investigating the factors influencing the resilience of medium-sized commercial fishing enterprises in the Eastern Cape province
- Authors: Mfono, Vuyisa Nomkhitha
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Small business South Africa Eastern Cape , Fisheries Economic aspects South Africa Eastern Cape , Small and medium enterprises , Organizational resilience , Commercial fishing
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479462 , vital:78315
- Description: This research took the form of a case study of a media company, Kagiso Media (KM), that had been through a process of change. The company adopted a branding approach and used internal branding activities to implement a change intervention, which was unconventional and a unique approach, making it worthy of investigation. The primary aim of the study was, therefore, to analyse how a change in brand ideology (i.e. encompassing the business mission, vision, goals and shared values) shaped the senior leadership behaviour at KM and also led to the development of an improved performance management system. A case study research method was used. Data was collected through face-to-face and online interviews with the leadership team and combined with relevant company documents. A deductive thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that brand ideology can impact leadership behaviour and performance if implemented deliberately. When the new CEO was appointed, his starting point was to change the KM brand ideology. The study revealed that, because of greater clarity in brand ideology, leadership behaviour improved. There were shifts in the manner in which leadership behaved and how they handled performance as a result of entrenching the new brand ideology. The study also revealed that the development of brand ideology necessitated changes in the performance management system. Brand-centred performance management systems contributed towards building a performance culture. In essence, developing a clear brand ideology was central to changing leadership behaviour and the revision of the performance management performance system. While limitations of the study are acknowledged, it has contributed by offering a unique perspective of an internal branding driven change and demonstrates how a change in brand ideology can impact leadership behaviour and performance management. Furthermore, the study recommended that further research could be done to include the perspectives of staff beyond the leadership team. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Mfono, Vuyisa Nomkhitha
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Small business South Africa Eastern Cape , Fisheries Economic aspects South Africa Eastern Cape , Small and medium enterprises , Organizational resilience , Commercial fishing
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479462 , vital:78315
- Description: This research took the form of a case study of a media company, Kagiso Media (KM), that had been through a process of change. The company adopted a branding approach and used internal branding activities to implement a change intervention, which was unconventional and a unique approach, making it worthy of investigation. The primary aim of the study was, therefore, to analyse how a change in brand ideology (i.e. encompassing the business mission, vision, goals and shared values) shaped the senior leadership behaviour at KM and also led to the development of an improved performance management system. A case study research method was used. Data was collected through face-to-face and online interviews with the leadership team and combined with relevant company documents. A deductive thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that brand ideology can impact leadership behaviour and performance if implemented deliberately. When the new CEO was appointed, his starting point was to change the KM brand ideology. The study revealed that, because of greater clarity in brand ideology, leadership behaviour improved. There were shifts in the manner in which leadership behaved and how they handled performance as a result of entrenching the new brand ideology. The study also revealed that the development of brand ideology necessitated changes in the performance management system. Brand-centred performance management systems contributed towards building a performance culture. In essence, developing a clear brand ideology was central to changing leadership behaviour and the revision of the performance management performance system. While limitations of the study are acknowledged, it has contributed by offering a unique perspective of an internal branding driven change and demonstrates how a change in brand ideology can impact leadership behaviour and performance management. Furthermore, the study recommended that further research could be done to include the perspectives of staff beyond the leadership team. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Labour in global value chains: the case of South African fish exporting companies
- Authors: Mufukari, Panashe
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Global value chain , Migrant labor South Africa , Workforce casualisation , Casual labor South Africa , Precarious employment South Africa , Exploitation of labour
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480155 , vital:78402
- Description: Global value chains have reconfigured the organization of production and distribution across the world. Such a transformation has led to production fragmentation across multiple locations and the specialization of firms some of which now produce only one component of a larger product. Transformation in international trade has enabled multinational corporations to outsource production and operations to low-cost locations, which are mainly found in the Global South. Global value chains research explores these dynamics. This research began with Hopkins and Wallerstein’s work on world-systems analysis, which was concerned with the likelihood that these chains are characterized by inequality. However, later approaches, focused on Global Commodity Chains (GCCs), Global Value Chains (GVCs) and Global Production Networks (GPNs), suggested that participation in global value chains could advance development for Global South nations and result in “social upgrading” and decent work for those employed by companies that participate in these chains. This thesis explores the lived experiences of workers in South African fish exporting companies in the city of Gqeberha, to assess whether participation in global value chains does indeed mean workers experience decent working conditions. The findings of the research suggest that global value chains research needs to pay increased attention to workers. The study also emphasizes the importance of migrant labour, both internal migrant labour and international migrant labour in global value chains. By giving attention to both internal and international migrant labour, the complexity of the workforce is highlighted. Accordingly, the study calls for a comprehensive approach to the labour issue in global chains because the diverse locations and contexts shape workers’ experiences with and outcomes from participation in global chains. The study concludes that the world-systems tradition remains relevant for understanding the contemporary issues of unequal exchange, hierarchy of occupational tasks and wages, and exploitation within these global chains, a stance that diverges from mainstream scholarship in which world-systems tradition is deemed as having limited contemporary applicability. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Political and International Studies, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Mufukari, Panashe
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Global value chain , Migrant labor South Africa , Workforce casualisation , Casual labor South Africa , Precarious employment South Africa , Exploitation of labour
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480155 , vital:78402
- Description: Global value chains have reconfigured the organization of production and distribution across the world. Such a transformation has led to production fragmentation across multiple locations and the specialization of firms some of which now produce only one component of a larger product. Transformation in international trade has enabled multinational corporations to outsource production and operations to low-cost locations, which are mainly found in the Global South. Global value chains research explores these dynamics. This research began with Hopkins and Wallerstein’s work on world-systems analysis, which was concerned with the likelihood that these chains are characterized by inequality. However, later approaches, focused on Global Commodity Chains (GCCs), Global Value Chains (GVCs) and Global Production Networks (GPNs), suggested that participation in global value chains could advance development for Global South nations and result in “social upgrading” and decent work for those employed by companies that participate in these chains. This thesis explores the lived experiences of workers in South African fish exporting companies in the city of Gqeberha, to assess whether participation in global value chains does indeed mean workers experience decent working conditions. The findings of the research suggest that global value chains research needs to pay increased attention to workers. The study also emphasizes the importance of migrant labour, both internal migrant labour and international migrant labour in global value chains. By giving attention to both internal and international migrant labour, the complexity of the workforce is highlighted. Accordingly, the study calls for a comprehensive approach to the labour issue in global chains because the diverse locations and contexts shape workers’ experiences with and outcomes from participation in global chains. The study concludes that the world-systems tradition remains relevant for understanding the contemporary issues of unequal exchange, hierarchy of occupational tasks and wages, and exploitation within these global chains, a stance that diverges from mainstream scholarship in which world-systems tradition is deemed as having limited contemporary applicability. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Political and International Studies, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Resource-based view of barriers and drivers to the survival of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in rural areas of Centane in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Fadana-Dumani, Akhona Pumza
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Small and medium enterprises , Small business South Africa Eastern Cape , Intangible property , Barriers to entry (Industrial organization) , Driver
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479427 , vital:78312
- Description: This research study set out to analyse the barriers and drivers of small business survival in rural areas of Centane. Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME’s) are considered a crucial element in achieving economic growth as well as job creation. These businesses play a pivotal role in the improvement of rural economy and livelihood and their existence is intricately linked to the survival of the local communities. Hence, the study seeks to analyse the barriers experienced by rural SME’s, resources and interventions required to be successful, was conducted in Centane, a rural town situated in Mnquma Local Municipality, Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, The Resource based theory framework was employed to better understand the selected case study. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed in English then translated into isiXhosa the local vernacular to easy the information flow and ensures the respondent confidence during the face-to-face interview. The interviews were randomly conducted to fourteen (14) key informants (SME’s). The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results indicated that the inadequate infrastructure, lack of skills and training as well as funding and support from the government are the key barriers experienced by the SME’s. Furthermore, results showed that critical skills such as business, records, financial management as well as marketing are required to ensure the sustainability of the SME’s in this area. Through the integration of Resource-Based-Framework, the study revealed the significance, and the availability of both the tangible and intangible resources in shaping the competitive-edge, survival and the sustainability of SME’s in Centane. The involvement of local government and other related development agencies is recommended to actively participate and play a more active role in ensuring the development, survival, sustainability and success of the SME’s in this area. Their intervention should be through facilitation of trainings and skills development initiatives with special focus on financial, marketing and business-related skills. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Fadana-Dumani, Akhona Pumza
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Small and medium enterprises , Small business South Africa Eastern Cape , Intangible property , Barriers to entry (Industrial organization) , Driver
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479427 , vital:78312
- Description: This research study set out to analyse the barriers and drivers of small business survival in rural areas of Centane. Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME’s) are considered a crucial element in achieving economic growth as well as job creation. These businesses play a pivotal role in the improvement of rural economy and livelihood and their existence is intricately linked to the survival of the local communities. Hence, the study seeks to analyse the barriers experienced by rural SME’s, resources and interventions required to be successful, was conducted in Centane, a rural town situated in Mnquma Local Municipality, Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, The Resource based theory framework was employed to better understand the selected case study. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed in English then translated into isiXhosa the local vernacular to easy the information flow and ensures the respondent confidence during the face-to-face interview. The interviews were randomly conducted to fourteen (14) key informants (SME’s). The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results indicated that the inadequate infrastructure, lack of skills and training as well as funding and support from the government are the key barriers experienced by the SME’s. Furthermore, results showed that critical skills such as business, records, financial management as well as marketing are required to ensure the sustainability of the SME’s in this area. Through the integration of Resource-Based-Framework, the study revealed the significance, and the availability of both the tangible and intangible resources in shaping the competitive-edge, survival and the sustainability of SME’s in Centane. The involvement of local government and other related development agencies is recommended to actively participate and play a more active role in ensuring the development, survival, sustainability and success of the SME’s in this area. Their intervention should be through facilitation of trainings and skills development initiatives with special focus on financial, marketing and business-related skills. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Sustainable business models and organisational resilience: a case study of Spier Wine Farm in South Africa
- Authors: Van Staden, Kurt Martin
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Sustainable business model , Organizational resilience South Africa , Spier (Firm) , Social responsibility of business South Africa Stellenbosch , Environmental responsibility South Africa Stellenbosch , Wine industry South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479495 , vital:78318
- Description: The aim of the mini-thesis titled: “Sustainable Business Models and Organisational Resilience: A Case Study of Spier Wine Farm in South Africa” was to explore the relationship between sustainable business models and organisational resilience. Sustainability in wine makers extends beyond wine making techniques into other areas of the wine business to include hospitality, choice of glass and selecting suppliers of grapes. Spier Wine Farm, located outside the town of Stellenbosch in the Western Cape of South Africa, has been making wine since 1692. Spier has made a concerted effort in developing a sustainability strategy and introduction of sustainability into the business model. The South African wine industry is of importance to social and environmental sustainability in South Africa, creating over 270 000 jobs. Sustainability involves taking future generations into account when meeting the needs of the current generation, considering the triple bottom line of: environmental, social and economic value creation. The sustainable business model is thus an adaptation of a traditional business model to include creating and sustaining environmental and social value, in addition to traditional economic value. Resilience theory is centred around change in adaptive systems, focussing both on the role of change and the source of change. Making use of a deductive approach based on existing literature, a case study method allowed for an in-depth understanding of the relationship between sustainable business models and organisational resilience. Through semi-structured interviews and pattern matching data analysis, themes were identified. The research findings determined that a causal linkage between a sustainable business model and improved organisational resilience, in the South African context is likely to exist. The key themes that were considered to be contributing to this finding were: access to more sales markets, improved brand equity, reduced staff turnover and more efficient use of resources. An interdependence between sustainable business models and organisational resilience was found to likely not exist as a causal relationship between organisational resilience and sustainable business models was not found. The findings noted that sustainability was considered a contributing factor towards organisational resilience, but the relationship is not that of dependency as other ways to become resilient exist. Finally, it was recommended that adopting a sustainable business model is likely to lead to improved organisational resilience. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Van Staden, Kurt Martin
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Sustainable business model , Organizational resilience South Africa , Spier (Firm) , Social responsibility of business South Africa Stellenbosch , Environmental responsibility South Africa Stellenbosch , Wine industry South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479495 , vital:78318
- Description: The aim of the mini-thesis titled: “Sustainable Business Models and Organisational Resilience: A Case Study of Spier Wine Farm in South Africa” was to explore the relationship between sustainable business models and organisational resilience. Sustainability in wine makers extends beyond wine making techniques into other areas of the wine business to include hospitality, choice of glass and selecting suppliers of grapes. Spier Wine Farm, located outside the town of Stellenbosch in the Western Cape of South Africa, has been making wine since 1692. Spier has made a concerted effort in developing a sustainability strategy and introduction of sustainability into the business model. The South African wine industry is of importance to social and environmental sustainability in South Africa, creating over 270 000 jobs. Sustainability involves taking future generations into account when meeting the needs of the current generation, considering the triple bottom line of: environmental, social and economic value creation. The sustainable business model is thus an adaptation of a traditional business model to include creating and sustaining environmental and social value, in addition to traditional economic value. Resilience theory is centred around change in adaptive systems, focussing both on the role of change and the source of change. Making use of a deductive approach based on existing literature, a case study method allowed for an in-depth understanding of the relationship between sustainable business models and organisational resilience. Through semi-structured interviews and pattern matching data analysis, themes were identified. The research findings determined that a causal linkage between a sustainable business model and improved organisational resilience, in the South African context is likely to exist. The key themes that were considered to be contributing to this finding were: access to more sales markets, improved brand equity, reduced staff turnover and more efficient use of resources. An interdependence between sustainable business models and organisational resilience was found to likely not exist as a causal relationship between organisational resilience and sustainable business models was not found. The findings noted that sustainability was considered a contributing factor towards organisational resilience, but the relationship is not that of dependency as other ways to become resilient exist. Finally, it was recommended that adopting a sustainable business model is likely to lead to improved organisational resilience. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
The effect of organisational citizenship behaviour and unethical pro-organisational behaviour on the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational culture
- Authors: Nkosi, Nicholus Pontsho
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Ethical leadership , Corporate culture , Organizational citizenship behavior , Social responsibility of business , Business ethics
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479484 , vital:78317
- Description: Leaders have an impact on followers' ethical behaviour at lower levels by ingraining their standards and presumptions into the visible indicators of an ethical culture. Put differently, when a leader demonstrates ethical behaviour, it is reasonable to assume that followers will follow suit and create a shared understanding of what constitutes proper behaviour. This study investigates the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational culture, focusing on the mediating roles of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and unethical pro-organisational behaviour (UPB) within the context of a financial services company in Africa. In this context, the research aims to address the significant gap in the literature. To this end, the literature review evidenced, amongst others, that no empirical study has been performed on how OCB and UPB mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational culture. The study employs a quantitative research methodology, utilising a survey distributed electronically to a diverse sample of participants from a financial services company. To this end, the results of the research affirm that ethical leadership is positively and significantly related to organisational culture, where ethical leadership is posited to enhance organisational culture by fostering trust and collaboration among employees. Furthermore, OCB was found to mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational culture. This indicates that promoting OCB is essential for fostering a favourable organisational culture. On the other hand, the study’s results show that UPB does not mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational culture. This research contributes to the understanding of how ethical leadership influences organisational culture and highlights the importance of fostering OCB in organisational settings. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Nkosi, Nicholus Pontsho
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Ethical leadership , Corporate culture , Organizational citizenship behavior , Social responsibility of business , Business ethics
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479484 , vital:78317
- Description: Leaders have an impact on followers' ethical behaviour at lower levels by ingraining their standards and presumptions into the visible indicators of an ethical culture. Put differently, when a leader demonstrates ethical behaviour, it is reasonable to assume that followers will follow suit and create a shared understanding of what constitutes proper behaviour. This study investigates the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational culture, focusing on the mediating roles of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and unethical pro-organisational behaviour (UPB) within the context of a financial services company in Africa. In this context, the research aims to address the significant gap in the literature. To this end, the literature review evidenced, amongst others, that no empirical study has been performed on how OCB and UPB mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational culture. The study employs a quantitative research methodology, utilising a survey distributed electronically to a diverse sample of participants from a financial services company. To this end, the results of the research affirm that ethical leadership is positively and significantly related to organisational culture, where ethical leadership is posited to enhance organisational culture by fostering trust and collaboration among employees. Furthermore, OCB was found to mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational culture. This indicates that promoting OCB is essential for fostering a favourable organisational culture. On the other hand, the study’s results show that UPB does not mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational culture. This research contributes to the understanding of how ethical leadership influences organisational culture and highlights the importance of fostering OCB in organisational settings. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
The relationship between student satisfaction and online learning interaction at a South African Institution of Higher Learning (IHL)
- Authors: Zindove, Problem
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Education, Higher South Africa , Web-based instruction South Africa , E-learning , Interaction analysis in education , Student satisfaction
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479517 , vital:78320
- Description: Institutions of Higher Learning (IHLs) are key providers of skilled labour that drive economic growth. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that students are satisfied with their interaction in the learning environment, including interaction with peers, instructors, and course content. This satisfaction is vital for positive learning outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a shift from traditional face-to-face to online learning, significantly affecting student interaction. This research aimed to explore the relationship between online learning interaction and student satisfaction at a selected South African IHL. A comprehensive review of the South African higher education landscape, online learning interaction, and student satisfaction literature was conducted. Based on this review, a hypothesised model was proposed, identifying the independent variable (and its constructs namely, learner-to-learner interaction, learner-to-instructor interaction, and learner-to-content interaction) that may influence the dependent variable- student satisfaction (encompassing both expectations and experience). The research employed a positivistic approach using a deductive reasoning and quantitative methodology. A survey strategy, consisting of self-administered online and paper-based questionnaires, was used to gather data from a convenience sample of students registered at an IHL in South Africa. A total of 268 usable responses were analysed statistically. The validity and reliability of the measurement instrument were confirmed. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including standard deviation, Pearson`s correlation coefficients, regression analysis, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were applied in the data analysis. The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between online learning interaction (independent variable) and student satisfaction (dependent variable), leading to the acceptance of the hypotheses. No modifications were necessary, as the hypothesised model provided a good fit. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on student satisfaction in online learning interaction within South African IHLs. Its use of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework has provided a comprehensive perspective of the online learning interaction variable. Also, this research is among the few that juxtaposed student expectations and student experience in student satisfaction discourse. Furthermore, it was found that the constructs of learner-to-learner interaction and learner-to-instructor interaction have an equally strong and statistically significant relationship with student satisfaction, compared to the learner-to-content interaction construct. It also offers practical, methodological recommendations for IHLs to adopt and implement online learning courses effectively. Among others, the adoption of online learning at IHLs should be encouraged as it leads to student satisfaction. Tangent to this is the need for instructor training programmes on online pedagogy. Future research should also consider qualitative research design to get rich insight into Why and How the relationship between online learning interaction and student satisfaction exists. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Management, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Zindove, Problem
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Education, Higher South Africa , Web-based instruction South Africa , E-learning , Interaction analysis in education , Student satisfaction
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479517 , vital:78320
- Description: Institutions of Higher Learning (IHLs) are key providers of skilled labour that drive economic growth. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that students are satisfied with their interaction in the learning environment, including interaction with peers, instructors, and course content. This satisfaction is vital for positive learning outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a shift from traditional face-to-face to online learning, significantly affecting student interaction. This research aimed to explore the relationship between online learning interaction and student satisfaction at a selected South African IHL. A comprehensive review of the South African higher education landscape, online learning interaction, and student satisfaction literature was conducted. Based on this review, a hypothesised model was proposed, identifying the independent variable (and its constructs namely, learner-to-learner interaction, learner-to-instructor interaction, and learner-to-content interaction) that may influence the dependent variable- student satisfaction (encompassing both expectations and experience). The research employed a positivistic approach using a deductive reasoning and quantitative methodology. A survey strategy, consisting of self-administered online and paper-based questionnaires, was used to gather data from a convenience sample of students registered at an IHL in South Africa. A total of 268 usable responses were analysed statistically. The validity and reliability of the measurement instrument were confirmed. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including standard deviation, Pearson`s correlation coefficients, regression analysis, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were applied in the data analysis. The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between online learning interaction (independent variable) and student satisfaction (dependent variable), leading to the acceptance of the hypotheses. No modifications were necessary, as the hypothesised model provided a good fit. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on student satisfaction in online learning interaction within South African IHLs. Its use of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework has provided a comprehensive perspective of the online learning interaction variable. Also, this research is among the few that juxtaposed student expectations and student experience in student satisfaction discourse. Furthermore, it was found that the constructs of learner-to-learner interaction and learner-to-instructor interaction have an equally strong and statistically significant relationship with student satisfaction, compared to the learner-to-content interaction construct. It also offers practical, methodological recommendations for IHLs to adopt and implement online learning courses effectively. Among others, the adoption of online learning at IHLs should be encouraged as it leads to student satisfaction. Tangent to this is the need for instructor training programmes on online pedagogy. Future research should also consider qualitative research design to get rich insight into Why and How the relationship between online learning interaction and student satisfaction exists. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Management, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Use of social media by parents raising autistic children in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Bikitsha, Tina Sisanda
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Autism spectrum disorders South Africa , Autism spectrum disorders in children South Africa , Mothers of children with disabilities South Africa , Social media South Africa East London , Digital divide South Africa East London , Digital literacy
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480128 , vital:78399
- Description: This study investigates how local parents use social media platforms, focusing on the platforms they use, how they access them, the barriers they face, and the effectiveness of social media in supporting them. Using a qualitative approach and informed by the theoretical frameworks of digital divide and digital literacy, semi- structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants (parents and caregivers), the majority of whom resided in an urban area with one from a township. The findings reveal that social media, especially WhatsApp, Facebook, and YouTube, play an important role in providing emotional support, connecting parents with similar challenges, and information sharing. However, the effectiveness of these platforms is restricted by factors such as high data costs, frequent power outages (loadshedding), limited digital literacy, disinformation, and a lack of South Africa-based online autism support groups. Additionally, the research reveals a gender disparity in social media engagement, with fewer fathers joining online support groups. Recommendations include developing relationships with policymakers to reduce data costs and enhance digital access, creating locally appropriate resources and digital literacy initiatives to improve social media accessibility for South African parents and caregivers of autistic children and, addressing the under-representation of male participants. Future research should include recruiting more fathers and caregivers, particularly in low socioeconomic regions like the Eastern Cape, and parents who lack access to social media due to financial and digital literacy challenges, to better understand their use of social media as parents or caregivers raising children with autism. The researcher’s own experience as a parent of an autistic child provides a unique perspective, which allows a more empathic and authentic understanding of the experiences of the interviewed parents. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Journalism and Media Studies, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
- Authors: Bikitsha, Tina Sisanda
- Date: 2025-04-04
- Subjects: Autism spectrum disorders South Africa , Autism spectrum disorders in children South Africa , Mothers of children with disabilities South Africa , Social media South Africa East London , Digital divide South Africa East London , Digital literacy
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/480128 , vital:78399
- Description: This study investigates how local parents use social media platforms, focusing on the platforms they use, how they access them, the barriers they face, and the effectiveness of social media in supporting them. Using a qualitative approach and informed by the theoretical frameworks of digital divide and digital literacy, semi- structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants (parents and caregivers), the majority of whom resided in an urban area with one from a township. The findings reveal that social media, especially WhatsApp, Facebook, and YouTube, play an important role in providing emotional support, connecting parents with similar challenges, and information sharing. However, the effectiveness of these platforms is restricted by factors such as high data costs, frequent power outages (loadshedding), limited digital literacy, disinformation, and a lack of South Africa-based online autism support groups. Additionally, the research reveals a gender disparity in social media engagement, with fewer fathers joining online support groups. Recommendations include developing relationships with policymakers to reduce data costs and enhance digital access, creating locally appropriate resources and digital literacy initiatives to improve social media accessibility for South African parents and caregivers of autistic children and, addressing the under-representation of male participants. Future research should include recruiting more fathers and caregivers, particularly in low socioeconomic regions like the Eastern Cape, and parents who lack access to social media due to financial and digital literacy challenges, to better understand their use of social media as parents or caregivers raising children with autism. The researcher’s own experience as a parent of an autistic child provides a unique perspective, which allows a more empathic and authentic understanding of the experiences of the interviewed parents. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Journalism and Media Studies, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-04
Bayesian inference for Cronbach's alpha
- Authors: Izally, Sharkay Ruwade
- Date: 2025-04-03
- Subjects: Bayesian inference , Bayesian statistical decision theory , Cronbach's alpha , Confidence distribution , Probability matching , Jeffreys prior , Random effects model
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479919 , vital:78380 , DOI 10.21504/10962/479919
- Description: Cronbach’s alpha is used as a measure of reliability in fields like education, psychology and sociology. The reason for the popularity of Cronbach’s alpha is that it is computationally simple. Only the sample size and the variance components are needed and it can be computed for continuous as well as binary data. Cronbach’s alpha has been studied extensively using maximum likelihood estimation. Since Cronbach’s alpha is a function of the variance components, this often results in negative estimates of the variance components when the maximum likelihood method is considered as a method of estimation. In the field of Bayesian statistics, the parameters are random variables, and this can alleviate some of the problems of estimating negative variance estimates that often occur when the frequentist approach is used. The Bayesian approach also incorporates loss functions that considers the symmetry of the distribution of the parameters being estimated and adds some flexibility in obtaining better estimates of the unknown parameters. The Bayesian approach often results in better coverage probabilities than the frequentist approach especially for smaller sample sizes and it is therefore important to consider a Bayesian analysis in the estimation of Cronbach’s alpha. The reference and probability matching priors for Cronbach’s alpha will be derived using a one-way random effects model. The performance of these two priors will be compared to that of the well-known Jeffreys prior and a divergence prior. A simulation study will be considered to compare the performance of the priors, where the coverage rates, average interval lengths and standard deviations of the interval lengths will be computed. A second simulation study will be considered where the mean relative error will be compared for the various priors using the squared error, the absolute error and the linear in exponential (LINEX) loss functions. An illustrative example will also be considered. The combined Bayesian estimation of more than one Cronbach’s alpha will also be considered for m experiments with equal α but possibly different variance components. It will be shown that the reference and the probability-matching priors are the same. The Bayesian theory and results will be applied to two examples. The intervals for the combined model are however much shorter than those of the individual models. Also, the point estimates of the combined model are more accurate than those of the individual models. It is further concluded that the posterior distribution of α for the combined model becomes more important as the number of samples and models increase. The reference and probability matching priors for Cronbach’s alpha will be derived using a three-component hierarchical model. The performance of these two priors will be compared to that of the well-known Jeffreys prior and a divergence prior. A simulation study will be v vi considered to compare the performance of the priors, where the coverage rates, average interval lengths and standard deviations of the interval lengths will be computed. Two illustrative examples will also be considered. Statistical control limits will be obtained for Cronbach’s alpha in the case of a balanced one-way random effects model. This will be achieved by deriving the predictive distribution of a future Cronbach’s alpha. The unconditional posterior predictive distribution will be determined using Monte Carlo simulation and the Rao-Blackwell procedure. The predictive distribution will be used to obtain control limits and to determine the run-length and average run-length. Cronbach’s alpha will be estimated for a general covariance matrix using a Bayesian approach and comparing these results to the asymptotic frequentist interval valid under a general covariance matrix framework. Most of the results used in the literature require the compound symmetry assumption for analyses of Cronbach’s alpha. Fiducial and posterior distributions will be derived for Cronbach’s alpha in the case of the bivariate normal distribution. Various objective priors will be considered for the variance components and the correlation coefficient. One of the priors considered corresponds to the fiducial distribution. The performance of these priors will be compared to an asymptotic frequentist interval often used in the literature. A simulation study will be considered to compare the performance of the priors and the asymptotic interval, where the coverage rates and average interval lengths will be computed. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Statistics, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-03
- Authors: Izally, Sharkay Ruwade
- Date: 2025-04-03
- Subjects: Bayesian inference , Bayesian statistical decision theory , Cronbach's alpha , Confidence distribution , Probability matching , Jeffreys prior , Random effects model
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/479919 , vital:78380 , DOI 10.21504/10962/479919
- Description: Cronbach’s alpha is used as a measure of reliability in fields like education, psychology and sociology. The reason for the popularity of Cronbach’s alpha is that it is computationally simple. Only the sample size and the variance components are needed and it can be computed for continuous as well as binary data. Cronbach’s alpha has been studied extensively using maximum likelihood estimation. Since Cronbach’s alpha is a function of the variance components, this often results in negative estimates of the variance components when the maximum likelihood method is considered as a method of estimation. In the field of Bayesian statistics, the parameters are random variables, and this can alleviate some of the problems of estimating negative variance estimates that often occur when the frequentist approach is used. The Bayesian approach also incorporates loss functions that considers the symmetry of the distribution of the parameters being estimated and adds some flexibility in obtaining better estimates of the unknown parameters. The Bayesian approach often results in better coverage probabilities than the frequentist approach especially for smaller sample sizes and it is therefore important to consider a Bayesian analysis in the estimation of Cronbach’s alpha. The reference and probability matching priors for Cronbach’s alpha will be derived using a one-way random effects model. The performance of these two priors will be compared to that of the well-known Jeffreys prior and a divergence prior. A simulation study will be considered to compare the performance of the priors, where the coverage rates, average interval lengths and standard deviations of the interval lengths will be computed. A second simulation study will be considered where the mean relative error will be compared for the various priors using the squared error, the absolute error and the linear in exponential (LINEX) loss functions. An illustrative example will also be considered. The combined Bayesian estimation of more than one Cronbach’s alpha will also be considered for m experiments with equal α but possibly different variance components. It will be shown that the reference and the probability-matching priors are the same. The Bayesian theory and results will be applied to two examples. The intervals for the combined model are however much shorter than those of the individual models. Also, the point estimates of the combined model are more accurate than those of the individual models. It is further concluded that the posterior distribution of α for the combined model becomes more important as the number of samples and models increase. The reference and probability matching priors for Cronbach’s alpha will be derived using a three-component hierarchical model. The performance of these two priors will be compared to that of the well-known Jeffreys prior and a divergence prior. A simulation study will be v vi considered to compare the performance of the priors, where the coverage rates, average interval lengths and standard deviations of the interval lengths will be computed. Two illustrative examples will also be considered. Statistical control limits will be obtained for Cronbach’s alpha in the case of a balanced one-way random effects model. This will be achieved by deriving the predictive distribution of a future Cronbach’s alpha. The unconditional posterior predictive distribution will be determined using Monte Carlo simulation and the Rao-Blackwell procedure. The predictive distribution will be used to obtain control limits and to determine the run-length and average run-length. Cronbach’s alpha will be estimated for a general covariance matrix using a Bayesian approach and comparing these results to the asymptotic frequentist interval valid under a general covariance matrix framework. Most of the results used in the literature require the compound symmetry assumption for analyses of Cronbach’s alpha. Fiducial and posterior distributions will be derived for Cronbach’s alpha in the case of the bivariate normal distribution. Various objective priors will be considered for the variance components and the correlation coefficient. One of the priors considered corresponds to the fiducial distribution. The performance of these priors will be compared to an asymptotic frequentist interval often used in the literature. A simulation study will be considered to compare the performance of the priors and the asymptotic interval, where the coverage rates and average interval lengths will be computed. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Statistics, 2025
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2025-04-03