Translation strategies and procedures Used in the translation of culture-specific lexical Items from English to Sepedi
- Authors: Maboke, Emmanuel
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Translating and interpreting , Pedi (African people)--Social life and customs , Technology--Translating History
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54191 , vital:46317
- Description: This study investigates effective translation strategies and procedures used in the translation of culture-specific lexical items from English to Sepedi. The premise is that current translations from English to Sepedi are inadequate because they are not culture-specifically grounded. The purpose of this study is to overcome this shortcoming. Culture-specific lexical items such as idioms, proverbs, quotes and other fixed expressions are notorious for their untranslatability and non-equivalence, both of which are cumbersome to the transference of stylistic features and meaning between English and Sepedi as a language pair. The researcher employs a qualitative approach and the interpretivist paradigm, which originates from hermeneutics to investigate the research question. This study adopts a multi-theoretical approach. However, hermeneutics and mainly seven translation procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1958/1995: 31-32) are used for analysing and interpreting data. The sample units are drawn using a purposive sampling method. The data collected, reviewed and analysed comprise source and target texts (ST-TT) pairs from various genres. Translation with commentary is also used as a complementary research method to examine the effective application of the investigated translation strategies and procedures to address non-equivalence and pre-empt ambiguity. The results of this study reveal that translation strategies and procedures coincide with the theories from which they originate. Secondly, it was found that the efficacy of translation strategies and procedures employed to translate culture-specific lexical items from English to Sepedi is influenced by the translator’s lexical choice. Thirdly, this study highlights the importance of linguistic and cultural competence in the translation of culture-specific lexical items from English to Sepedi. Lastly, this study discovered that the effective application of translation strategies and procedures to translate culture-specific lexical items from English to Sepedi depends on the translator’s adherence to principles of translation. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Applied Language Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Maboke, Emmanuel
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Translating and interpreting , Pedi (African people)--Social life and customs , Technology--Translating History
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54191 , vital:46317
- Description: This study investigates effective translation strategies and procedures used in the translation of culture-specific lexical items from English to Sepedi. The premise is that current translations from English to Sepedi are inadequate because they are not culture-specifically grounded. The purpose of this study is to overcome this shortcoming. Culture-specific lexical items such as idioms, proverbs, quotes and other fixed expressions are notorious for their untranslatability and non-equivalence, both of which are cumbersome to the transference of stylistic features and meaning between English and Sepedi as a language pair. The researcher employs a qualitative approach and the interpretivist paradigm, which originates from hermeneutics to investigate the research question. This study adopts a multi-theoretical approach. However, hermeneutics and mainly seven translation procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1958/1995: 31-32) are used for analysing and interpreting data. The sample units are drawn using a purposive sampling method. The data collected, reviewed and analysed comprise source and target texts (ST-TT) pairs from various genres. Translation with commentary is also used as a complementary research method to examine the effective application of the investigated translation strategies and procedures to address non-equivalence and pre-empt ambiguity. The results of this study reveal that translation strategies and procedures coincide with the theories from which they originate. Secondly, it was found that the efficacy of translation strategies and procedures employed to translate culture-specific lexical items from English to Sepedi is influenced by the translator’s lexical choice. Thirdly, this study highlights the importance of linguistic and cultural competence in the translation of culture-specific lexical items from English to Sepedi. Lastly, this study discovered that the effective application of translation strategies and procedures to translate culture-specific lexical items from English to Sepedi depends on the translator’s adherence to principles of translation. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Applied Language Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Ultra-high precision machining of rapidly solidified aluminium (RSA) alloys for optics
- Authors: Odedeyi, Peter Babatunde
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Mechatronics Surface roughness -- Measurement
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55921 , vital:54400
- Description: The advancement of ultra-precision is one of the most adaptable machining processes in the manufacturing of very complex and high-quality surface structures for optics, industrial, medical, aerospace and communication applications. Studies have shown that single-point diamond turning has an outstanding ability to machine high-quality optical components at a nanometric scale. However, in a responsive cutting process, the nanometric machinability of these optical components can easily be affected by several factors. The call for increasing needs of optical systems has recently led to the development of newly modified aluminium grades of non-ferrous alloys characterized by finer microstructures, defined mechanical and physical properties. To date, there has been a lack of sufficient research into these new aluminium alloys. In modern ultra-precision machining, the high demands for smart and inexpensive cutting tools are becoming more relevant in recent precision machines. In monitoring and predicting high-quality surface, cutting forces in single point diamond turning are believed to be as critical as other machining processes due to their potential effects on the quality of surface roughness. Undermining such an important factor is a compromise between the machining process's efficiency and the increased cost of production. Therefore, a comprehensive scientific understanding of the Nano-cutting mechanics is critical, particularly on modelling and analysis of cutting force, surface roughness, chip vii formation, acoustic emission, material removal rates, and molecular dynamic simulation of the rapidly solidified aluminium alloys to bridge the gap between fundamentals and industrial-scale application. The study is divided into three essential sections. First, the development of a force sensor. Secondly, investigation of the effect of cutting parameters (i.e., cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth) on cutting force, acoustic emission (AE), material removal rate (MRR), chip formation, Nose radius, and surface roughness (Ra), which play a leading role in the determination of machine productivity and efficiency of single-point diamond turning of rapidly solidified aluminium alloys. Thirdly, a 3-D molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of RSA 6061 is also carried out to further understand the nanometric mechanism and characterization of the alloy. The experiment was mainly conducted using Precitech Nanoform ultra-grind 250 lathe machines on three different advanced optical aluminium alloys materials; these are RSA 443, RSA 905, and RSA 6061. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Information Technology, School of Engineering, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Odedeyi, Peter Babatunde
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Mechatronics Surface roughness -- Measurement
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55921 , vital:54400
- Description: The advancement of ultra-precision is one of the most adaptable machining processes in the manufacturing of very complex and high-quality surface structures for optics, industrial, medical, aerospace and communication applications. Studies have shown that single-point diamond turning has an outstanding ability to machine high-quality optical components at a nanometric scale. However, in a responsive cutting process, the nanometric machinability of these optical components can easily be affected by several factors. The call for increasing needs of optical systems has recently led to the development of newly modified aluminium grades of non-ferrous alloys characterized by finer microstructures, defined mechanical and physical properties. To date, there has been a lack of sufficient research into these new aluminium alloys. In modern ultra-precision machining, the high demands for smart and inexpensive cutting tools are becoming more relevant in recent precision machines. In monitoring and predicting high-quality surface, cutting forces in single point diamond turning are believed to be as critical as other machining processes due to their potential effects on the quality of surface roughness. Undermining such an important factor is a compromise between the machining process's efficiency and the increased cost of production. Therefore, a comprehensive scientific understanding of the Nano-cutting mechanics is critical, particularly on modelling and analysis of cutting force, surface roughness, chip vii formation, acoustic emission, material removal rates, and molecular dynamic simulation of the rapidly solidified aluminium alloys to bridge the gap between fundamentals and industrial-scale application. The study is divided into three essential sections. First, the development of a force sensor. Secondly, investigation of the effect of cutting parameters (i.e., cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth) on cutting force, acoustic emission (AE), material removal rate (MRR), chip formation, Nose radius, and surface roughness (Ra), which play a leading role in the determination of machine productivity and efficiency of single-point diamond turning of rapidly solidified aluminium alloys. Thirdly, a 3-D molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of RSA 6061 is also carried out to further understand the nanometric mechanism and characterization of the alloy. The experiment was mainly conducted using Precitech Nanoform ultra-grind 250 lathe machines on three different advanced optical aluminium alloys materials; these are RSA 443, RSA 905, and RSA 6061. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Information Technology, School of Engineering, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Ureaplasma species in the placenta and histopathology associated with preterm birth
- Authors: Sprong, Kaitlin Elizabeth
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54128 , vital:46310
- Description: The Eastern Cape province is known for its high perinatal morbidity and mortality rate. Studies from other countries indicate that Ureaplasma spp. have been associated with clinical chorioamnionitis, spontaneous preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. The prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvumand Mycoplasma hominisin the placenta and its role in preterm birth is unknown in South Africa. Objectives The objectives of this study were to: (i) analyze placental histology, maternal and neonatal outcomes and clinical presentation of preterm birth, (ii) detect Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominisin the placenta from cases of preterm birth, (iii) determine antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Ureaplasma spp. isolates and investigate mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, (iv) characterize the microbial diversity in the placenta using 16S rRNA next generation sequencing and(v) review pathologies to ascertain whether there is any association between Ureaplasma spp. in the placenta and adverse maternal, obstetric and neonatal outcomes. iiiABSTRACTBackground The Eastern Cape province is known for its high perinatal morbidity and mortality rate. Studies from other countries indicate that Ureaplasmaspp. have been associated with clinical chorioamnionitis, spontaneous preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. The prevalenceof Ureaplasmaurealyticum,UreaplasmaparvumandMycoplasmahominisin the placenta andits role in preterm birth is unknown in South Africa. Objectives The objectives of this study were to: (i) analyze placental histology, maternal and neonatal outcomes and clinical presentation of preterm birth, (ii) detect Ureaplasmaspp. and M. hominisin the placenta from cases of preterm birth, (iii) determine antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Ureaplasmaspp. isolates and investigate mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, (iv) characterize the microbial diversity in the placenta using 16S rRNA next generation sequencing and(v) review pathologies to ascertain whether there is any association between Ureaplasmaspp. inthe placenta and adverse maternal, obstetric and neonatal outcomes. MethodsPlacentas were collected from patients presenting with preterm birth (n=100; 28-34 weeks gestational age) and term birth (n=20; >38 weeks) regardless of the APGAR score. Placentas were submitted for histopathology and used for detection of Ureaplasmaspp. by culture (U9 broth, MycoDuo kits;BioRad) and PCR (DNA was extracted from culture and homogenized placental tissue). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Ureaplasmaspp isolates were determined by the SIR Antibiogram kit (BioRad) and microbroth dilution method. Molecular mechanisms of resistance were ascertained by PCR amplification of target genes. Placentas were sent to National Health Laboratory Servicesfor routine histopathology. Next generation sequencing was performed on 16S rRNA amplicons from placental DNA for analysis of microbial diversity. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Journalsim and Media Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Sprong, Kaitlin Elizabeth
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54128 , vital:46310
- Description: The Eastern Cape province is known for its high perinatal morbidity and mortality rate. Studies from other countries indicate that Ureaplasma spp. have been associated with clinical chorioamnionitis, spontaneous preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. The prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvumand Mycoplasma hominisin the placenta and its role in preterm birth is unknown in South Africa. Objectives The objectives of this study were to: (i) analyze placental histology, maternal and neonatal outcomes and clinical presentation of preterm birth, (ii) detect Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominisin the placenta from cases of preterm birth, (iii) determine antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Ureaplasma spp. isolates and investigate mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, (iv) characterize the microbial diversity in the placenta using 16S rRNA next generation sequencing and(v) review pathologies to ascertain whether there is any association between Ureaplasma spp. in the placenta and adverse maternal, obstetric and neonatal outcomes. iiiABSTRACTBackground The Eastern Cape province is known for its high perinatal morbidity and mortality rate. Studies from other countries indicate that Ureaplasmaspp. have been associated with clinical chorioamnionitis, spontaneous preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. The prevalenceof Ureaplasmaurealyticum,UreaplasmaparvumandMycoplasmahominisin the placenta andits role in preterm birth is unknown in South Africa. Objectives The objectives of this study were to: (i) analyze placental histology, maternal and neonatal outcomes and clinical presentation of preterm birth, (ii) detect Ureaplasmaspp. and M. hominisin the placenta from cases of preterm birth, (iii) determine antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Ureaplasmaspp. isolates and investigate mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, (iv) characterize the microbial diversity in the placenta using 16S rRNA next generation sequencing and(v) review pathologies to ascertain whether there is any association between Ureaplasmaspp. inthe placenta and adverse maternal, obstetric and neonatal outcomes. MethodsPlacentas were collected from patients presenting with preterm birth (n=100; 28-34 weeks gestational age) and term birth (n=20; >38 weeks) regardless of the APGAR score. Placentas were submitted for histopathology and used for detection of Ureaplasmaspp. by culture (U9 broth, MycoDuo kits;BioRad) and PCR (DNA was extracted from culture and homogenized placental tissue). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Ureaplasmaspp isolates were determined by the SIR Antibiogram kit (BioRad) and microbroth dilution method. Molecular mechanisms of resistance were ascertained by PCR amplification of target genes. Placentas were sent to National Health Laboratory Servicesfor routine histopathology. Next generation sequencing was performed on 16S rRNA amplicons from placental DNA for analysis of microbial diversity. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Journalsim and Media Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Using PESTEL analysis as a framework for analysing the VUCA environment in the Pretoria automotive industry
- Authors: Quanson, Matthew
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Pretoria
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54308 , vital:46424
- Description: The term VUCA, is an acronym for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. VUCA has become one of the “buzz words” in the business sector in the last few years. VUCA however is more than just an acronym, it is a concept that describes an environment in which business operates. It is an environment that is plagued with more volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity than ever before. There are numerous factors which have contributed and continue to have an influence on the VUCA environment. PESTEL, another acronym, describes the macro-environment and its components namely: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. The PESTEL analysis has become a tool used in business to effectively analyse the macro-environment in detail by grouping these factors into the six components. The Pretoria automotive industry has faced significant challenges in the last few years, and these challenges have been heightened in complexity. These challenges include volatility with customer demand, adapting to new technological advancements in automation and digital trends, political and labour uncertainty as well as supply chain constraints as a result of global geo-political pressure. The main objective of this paper is to use the PESTEL analysis as a framework for analysing the VUCA environment in the Pretoria automotive industry. The Pretoria automotive industry is the most important region for the automotive industry in South Africa and adds significant economic stimulation to the South African Gros Domestic Product (GDP) and economy according to Automotive Export Council, (2020). , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Quanson, Matthew
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Pretoria
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54308 , vital:46424
- Description: The term VUCA, is an acronym for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. VUCA has become one of the “buzz words” in the business sector in the last few years. VUCA however is more than just an acronym, it is a concept that describes an environment in which business operates. It is an environment that is plagued with more volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity than ever before. There are numerous factors which have contributed and continue to have an influence on the VUCA environment. PESTEL, another acronym, describes the macro-environment and its components namely: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. The PESTEL analysis has become a tool used in business to effectively analyse the macro-environment in detail by grouping these factors into the six components. The Pretoria automotive industry has faced significant challenges in the last few years, and these challenges have been heightened in complexity. These challenges include volatility with customer demand, adapting to new technological advancements in automation and digital trends, political and labour uncertainty as well as supply chain constraints as a result of global geo-political pressure. The main objective of this paper is to use the PESTEL analysis as a framework for analysing the VUCA environment in the Pretoria automotive industry. The Pretoria automotive industry is the most important region for the automotive industry in South Africa and adds significant economic stimulation to the South African Gros Domestic Product (GDP) and economy according to Automotive Export Council, (2020). , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Virtual currency readiness in South Africa
- Authors: Tiervlei, Renee
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Digital currency -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54717 , vital:47530
- Description: The rapid growth of technology in the twenty first century has seen the increased use of the internet and its resources and with this a change in the way people see money. Buying goods and services online and paying with credit cards is a transformational advantage to the way transactions are done. Ten years ago, this was not possible and paper money was predominantly used to pay for goods, or the buyer had to go into a bank to deposit the payment into the seller’s bank account. Virtual currency is a topic that needs attention due to its increased popularity and from the South African perspective, more so. Virtual currencies, like cryptocurrencies and its blockchain technology, has a wide range of uses that could benefit the world as well as South Africa but there is also a downside or risks associated with the use of these currencies and many other virtual currencies. Risks include and are not limited to the regulation, or a lack of regulation of cryptocurrencies, the laundering of money and illegal activities. One advantage though is that the blockchain technology ensures that all transactions are recorded in the ledger and can never be deleted or erased. The study analyses virtual currency readiness in South Africa by looking at the factors influencing this by studying cryptocurrencies and the South African people’s reaction to the use of this currency and how it is perceived. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Tiervlei, Renee
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Digital currency -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54717 , vital:47530
- Description: The rapid growth of technology in the twenty first century has seen the increased use of the internet and its resources and with this a change in the way people see money. Buying goods and services online and paying with credit cards is a transformational advantage to the way transactions are done. Ten years ago, this was not possible and paper money was predominantly used to pay for goods, or the buyer had to go into a bank to deposit the payment into the seller’s bank account. Virtual currency is a topic that needs attention due to its increased popularity and from the South African perspective, more so. Virtual currencies, like cryptocurrencies and its blockchain technology, has a wide range of uses that could benefit the world as well as South Africa but there is also a downside or risks associated with the use of these currencies and many other virtual currencies. Risks include and are not limited to the regulation, or a lack of regulation of cryptocurrencies, the laundering of money and illegal activities. One advantage though is that the blockchain technology ensures that all transactions are recorded in the ledger and can never be deleted or erased. The study analyses virtual currency readiness in South Africa by looking at the factors influencing this by studying cryptocurrencies and the South African people’s reaction to the use of this currency and how it is perceived. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Youth development: a case study of vision4 mentorship programme for teenage girls in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Gqabe, Ongeziwe Sharon
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54343 , vital:46477
- Description: Investment in youth development for a country like South Africa, where social issues such as unemployment, lack of quality education, high levels of school dropouts, difficulty in accessing post-secondary education and training are of high prevalence is crucial. There are different strategies that key players in youth development such as the government, private sector and NGOs can implement in advancing the youth. This study sought to examine one of these strategies which is mentorship. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to scrutinize the essential role that a mentorship program can play in progressing youth development. The objectives of this study are as follows: to investigate the key challenges facing the teenage girls that participated on the Vision4 Mentorship Program; to investigate the effectiveness of the strategy of using mentorship programs as a tool in achieving youth development in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth and to come up with the recommendations with the view of addressing some of the problems faced by the youth in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth. The research methodology used in this study include among others, individual interviews of participants that has been previously gone through the Vision4 Mentorship Program. Furthermore, relevant scholarly published work has been consulted to supplement the interviews. Mentorship has been used as a conceptual framework to understand the impact of mentoring to the young girls at Vision4 Mentorship Program. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Gqabe, Ongeziwe Sharon
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54343 , vital:46477
- Description: Investment in youth development for a country like South Africa, where social issues such as unemployment, lack of quality education, high levels of school dropouts, difficulty in accessing post-secondary education and training are of high prevalence is crucial. There are different strategies that key players in youth development such as the government, private sector and NGOs can implement in advancing the youth. This study sought to examine one of these strategies which is mentorship. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to scrutinize the essential role that a mentorship program can play in progressing youth development. The objectives of this study are as follows: to investigate the key challenges facing the teenage girls that participated on the Vision4 Mentorship Program; to investigate the effectiveness of the strategy of using mentorship programs as a tool in achieving youth development in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth and to come up with the recommendations with the view of addressing some of the problems faced by the youth in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth. The research methodology used in this study include among others, individual interviews of participants that has been previously gone through the Vision4 Mentorship Program. Furthermore, relevant scholarly published work has been consulted to supplement the interviews. Mentorship has been used as a conceptual framework to understand the impact of mentoring to the young girls at Vision4 Mentorship Program. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Youth sub-cultures: the case of izikhothane amongst youth in Port Elizabeth townships
- Authors: Laqwela, Bayanda B
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54694 , vital:47442
- Description: The studies on youth subcultures have always attracted scholars and media, both locally and internationally. Specifically, in South Africa, we have witnessed subcultural youth formations, such as amapantsula1 , umswenko2 , the smarteez, zef, emmos and so forth. In the past few years, we saw the rise of a certain subcultural youth formation, popularly known as izikhothane3 , in South African townships. Owing to an escalation in izikhothane, this study was undertaken among the youth in Port Elizabeth townships. The study sought to explore and describe the significance of izikhothane membership and the rituals that are performed during their meetings. The qualitative approach was used for the study and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observations were employed as data collection tools. The study used the explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The population for the study was the youth who are involved in the youth subculture of izikhothane in Port Elizabeth townships. The themes, which answered the questions, were identified as follows: the definition of isikhothane according to izikhothane, pulling or attraction factors, izikhothane rituals, the significance of isikhothane membership, the stopping age and the perceptions of community members about izikhothane. One of the main findings of this study is the age at which the youth join izikhothane. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Laqwela, Bayanda B
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54694 , vital:47442
- Description: The studies on youth subcultures have always attracted scholars and media, both locally and internationally. Specifically, in South Africa, we have witnessed subcultural youth formations, such as amapantsula1 , umswenko2 , the smarteez, zef, emmos and so forth. In the past few years, we saw the rise of a certain subcultural youth formation, popularly known as izikhothane3 , in South African townships. Owing to an escalation in izikhothane, this study was undertaken among the youth in Port Elizabeth townships. The study sought to explore and describe the significance of izikhothane membership and the rituals that are performed during their meetings. The qualitative approach was used for the study and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observations were employed as data collection tools. The study used the explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The population for the study was the youth who are involved in the youth subculture of izikhothane in Port Elizabeth townships. The themes, which answered the questions, were identified as follows: the definition of isikhothane according to izikhothane, pulling or attraction factors, izikhothane rituals, the significance of isikhothane membership, the stopping age and the perceptions of community members about izikhothane. One of the main findings of this study is the age at which the youth join izikhothane. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
A culturally responsive strategy for teaching sexual concepts in rural Xhosa secondary schools
- Authors: Simayi, Ayanda
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Sex instruction for children , Sex instruction for youth , Rural schools -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Doctorate's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58519 , vital:59660
- Description: While research shows that the recognition and integration of indigenous knowledge (IK) is an important issue for developing culturally responsive strategies when teaching and learning science to, and by, indigenous people, little has been said about cultural taboos of a sexual nature and their effects on teaching and learning. This study investigated issues of taboo language use when teaching topics of a sexual nature during high school Biology classes. It also investigated the effects of a teacher development intervention based on Ogunniyi’s Contiguity Argumentation Theory (CATPD) towards culturally responsive teaching strategies. Four phases in one cycle of a Critical Participatory Action Learning and Action Research (CPALAR) design were used in schools located in deep rural villages with a sample of Life Science Grade 12 teachers. Initially, 30 teachers answered a semi-structured questionnaire aimed at identifying cultural restrictions that could impede the teaching of sexual concepts (Stage 1). Stages 2-4 included seven participants of both gender. Data were generated from two sets of drawings with descriptions and audio recorded focus group discussions. The teaching of a collectively developed Indigenised Teaching Strategy lesson by a group-selected ‘modelteacher’ was video-recorded and analysed. Written participant evaluation is presented in a flow chart. Data analysis was done by manual thematic data analysis and by using Atlas ti. 8. The use of multiple data collection strategies contributed to the trustworthiness and credibility of the study. The few existing studies on cultural taboos report avoidance of using the vernacular for biological terminology and promote the exclusive use of standard, terms in English. In contrast, Xhosa IK-based sexual euphemisms derived from elderly, unlearned Xhosa women were successfully used for teaching sexual concepts. The teachers reported their findings through the cultural lens of Xhosa people. Cognitive change from the suppressed level in the CAT hierarchy to a more harmonious equipollent level of understanding was brought about using Bakhtin’s theory of heteroglossia and the indigenist cognitive perspective of Contiguity Argumentation Theory. This cognitive shift enabled verbalisation of the culturally avoided taboo sexual concepts. The transition in thinking symbolised transformation in terms of critical pedagogy. The claim is made that using Contiguity Argumentation Theory (CAT) and Bakhtin’s explanations of heteroglossia provides an effective professional intervention in a deeply culturally determined Xhosa community. While not generalisable, the effect of this strategy should be of value when considering teacher development in indigenous communities and disciplines. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
- Authors: Simayi, Ayanda
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Sex instruction for children , Sex instruction for youth , Rural schools -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Doctorate's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58519 , vital:59660
- Description: While research shows that the recognition and integration of indigenous knowledge (IK) is an important issue for developing culturally responsive strategies when teaching and learning science to, and by, indigenous people, little has been said about cultural taboos of a sexual nature and their effects on teaching and learning. This study investigated issues of taboo language use when teaching topics of a sexual nature during high school Biology classes. It also investigated the effects of a teacher development intervention based on Ogunniyi’s Contiguity Argumentation Theory (CATPD) towards culturally responsive teaching strategies. Four phases in one cycle of a Critical Participatory Action Learning and Action Research (CPALAR) design were used in schools located in deep rural villages with a sample of Life Science Grade 12 teachers. Initially, 30 teachers answered a semi-structured questionnaire aimed at identifying cultural restrictions that could impede the teaching of sexual concepts (Stage 1). Stages 2-4 included seven participants of both gender. Data were generated from two sets of drawings with descriptions and audio recorded focus group discussions. The teaching of a collectively developed Indigenised Teaching Strategy lesson by a group-selected ‘modelteacher’ was video-recorded and analysed. Written participant evaluation is presented in a flow chart. Data analysis was done by manual thematic data analysis and by using Atlas ti. 8. The use of multiple data collection strategies contributed to the trustworthiness and credibility of the study. The few existing studies on cultural taboos report avoidance of using the vernacular for biological terminology and promote the exclusive use of standard, terms in English. In contrast, Xhosa IK-based sexual euphemisms derived from elderly, unlearned Xhosa women were successfully used for teaching sexual concepts. The teachers reported their findings through the cultural lens of Xhosa people. Cognitive change from the suppressed level in the CAT hierarchy to a more harmonious equipollent level of understanding was brought about using Bakhtin’s theory of heteroglossia and the indigenist cognitive perspective of Contiguity Argumentation Theory. This cognitive shift enabled verbalisation of the culturally avoided taboo sexual concepts. The transition in thinking symbolised transformation in terms of critical pedagogy. The claim is made that using Contiguity Argumentation Theory (CAT) and Bakhtin’s explanations of heteroglossia provides an effective professional intervention in a deeply culturally determined Xhosa community. While not generalisable, the effect of this strategy should be of value when considering teacher development in indigenous communities and disciplines. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
An analysis of small, medium, and micro enteprise contribution to job creation: a case study of the Chris Hani District Municipality
- Authors: Mbotshane, Sibongile
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Job creation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Business enterprises -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54913 , vital:48472
- Description: It is the norm that job creation becomes the responsibility of entrepreneurs in the area where they operate. The role of the state is legislatively to create a conducive environment for the entrepreneurs to flourish and do their respective businesses in a manner that is beneficial to themselves and the society at large. This study was conducted in Chris Hani District municipality. The district consists of six Local Municipalities where it coordinates their activities and renders support where necessary. Over the past few years, the district has been inundated with requests for financial support from SMMEs. In this regard the researcher undertook to do a follow up in the form of this study to the extent in which the SMMEs contribute to job creation in the district. The study undertook both a qualitative and quantitative approach in ensuring they complement one another and to allow effective engagements with the SMMEs as the core of the study. The sampled respondents/participants in the study were given questionnaires to respond to that would assist the researcher in analysing the raw data and be able to arrive at a particular conclusion in relation to the research questions. Respondents were given an opportunity to respond to questionnaires for a period of two weeks at the comfort of their homes. The results of the study indicate that those firms with a good track record, high annual turnover, sophistication and diverse skills, good credit record, good cash flow, proper financial records, bankable and viable business plans, collateral and registered for VAT were more likely to have a higher impact on the creation of both the short- and long-term employment as they are in a more sustainable position. The conclusion of the study is that the internal factors turned to have the greatest influence on SMME sustainability and job creation in this regard. However, there is more to be done by the private and public SMME support agencies. The study recommends that in-depth empirical research be conducted on the support services provided by private and public SMME support agencies in terms of the services that they offer and the effectiveness of the services and how these are communicated to potential customers. It is also recommended that training workshops aimed at addressing the internal constraints identified be conducted. It is further recommended that the development and implementation of sector-specific mentoring programmes for the owner-managers of the SMMEs be implemented for them to positively contribute to job creation in the region. Strategies to improve the awareness of support services provided by SMME support agencies need to be developed. This would ensure the effective use of these services by SMMEs. It is also recommended that SMME support agencies staff be trained in order to better understand and be more responsive to the owner managers’ needs. , Thesis (MADS) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
- Authors: Mbotshane, Sibongile
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Job creation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Business enterprises -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54913 , vital:48472
- Description: It is the norm that job creation becomes the responsibility of entrepreneurs in the area where they operate. The role of the state is legislatively to create a conducive environment for the entrepreneurs to flourish and do their respective businesses in a manner that is beneficial to themselves and the society at large. This study was conducted in Chris Hani District municipality. The district consists of six Local Municipalities where it coordinates their activities and renders support where necessary. Over the past few years, the district has been inundated with requests for financial support from SMMEs. In this regard the researcher undertook to do a follow up in the form of this study to the extent in which the SMMEs contribute to job creation in the district. The study undertook both a qualitative and quantitative approach in ensuring they complement one another and to allow effective engagements with the SMMEs as the core of the study. The sampled respondents/participants in the study were given questionnaires to respond to that would assist the researcher in analysing the raw data and be able to arrive at a particular conclusion in relation to the research questions. Respondents were given an opportunity to respond to questionnaires for a period of two weeks at the comfort of their homes. The results of the study indicate that those firms with a good track record, high annual turnover, sophistication and diverse skills, good credit record, good cash flow, proper financial records, bankable and viable business plans, collateral and registered for VAT were more likely to have a higher impact on the creation of both the short- and long-term employment as they are in a more sustainable position. The conclusion of the study is that the internal factors turned to have the greatest influence on SMME sustainability and job creation in this regard. However, there is more to be done by the private and public SMME support agencies. The study recommends that in-depth empirical research be conducted on the support services provided by private and public SMME support agencies in terms of the services that they offer and the effectiveness of the services and how these are communicated to potential customers. It is also recommended that training workshops aimed at addressing the internal constraints identified be conducted. It is further recommended that the development and implementation of sector-specific mentoring programmes for the owner-managers of the SMMEs be implemented for them to positively contribute to job creation in the region. Strategies to improve the awareness of support services provided by SMME support agencies need to be developed. This would ensure the effective use of these services by SMMEs. It is also recommended that SMME support agencies staff be trained in order to better understand and be more responsive to the owner managers’ needs. , Thesis (MADS) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
The design of a training centre for female Artisans in Motherwell, Gqeberha
- Authors: Kelsley, Chanel
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Continuing education centers -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Artisans -- Training of -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58694 , vital:60003
- Description: The treatise deals with the design of an Artisans’ Training Centre for the women in thetownship of Motherwell, Port Elizabeth. The aim of the building is to provide a safe civic space for teaching the women of Motherwell the necessary artisan skills. By teaching the women these skills, pov - erty amongst women in current township conditions can be improved by providing them with a sustainable income. Furthermore, the aim is to promote a sense of unity amongst these women as they enter a male-dominated field. South Africa’s skills shortages are widely regarded as key factors preventing the achievement of targeted economic growth rates. The decline and massive shortage in artisan trades has been attributed to the sharp decline of the apprenticeship system and the failure of substitute inter - ventions. By getting more women involved in the artisans’ field it will assist in gender equality and the current skills shortages. The treatise explores the issues and methods involved in the design of an Artisans Training Cen - tre for women. The research starts with an investigation into the nature of public space and civic facilities within a South African township context and how to create a more suitable environment for women, before exploring the development of an educational typology, while exploring the is - sues and processes involved in the design of a civic building in a township environment. The archi - tectural design is seen as an appropriate response to the identified architectural issues. Relevant precedents are chosen based on the nature of these issues and the context in which they are situated. The buildings are analysed in terms of these key issues and will thereby provide an understanding of the architectural identity of the civic and educational building archetype. An understanding of the architectural typology and an analysis of relevant precedents lead to the identification of a set of site selection criteria which can be used to select an appropriate site within the Motherwell precinct. The nature of Motherwell and the identified issues related to the selected site are then investigated in order to develop a set of informants and constraints. Specific elements which are unique to the selected site are then investigated individually while using relevant precedents to establish an appropriate response to the issues involved. An appropriate architectural response is subsequently developed through an understanding of the physical and spatial qualities of the building typology while also responding to the specific issues related to the site. , Thesis (MArch) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Architecture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
- Authors: Kelsley, Chanel
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Continuing education centers -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Artisans -- Training of -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58694 , vital:60003
- Description: The treatise deals with the design of an Artisans’ Training Centre for the women in thetownship of Motherwell, Port Elizabeth. The aim of the building is to provide a safe civic space for teaching the women of Motherwell the necessary artisan skills. By teaching the women these skills, pov - erty amongst women in current township conditions can be improved by providing them with a sustainable income. Furthermore, the aim is to promote a sense of unity amongst these women as they enter a male-dominated field. South Africa’s skills shortages are widely regarded as key factors preventing the achievement of targeted economic growth rates. The decline and massive shortage in artisan trades has been attributed to the sharp decline of the apprenticeship system and the failure of substitute inter - ventions. By getting more women involved in the artisans’ field it will assist in gender equality and the current skills shortages. The treatise explores the issues and methods involved in the design of an Artisans Training Cen - tre for women. The research starts with an investigation into the nature of public space and civic facilities within a South African township context and how to create a more suitable environment for women, before exploring the development of an educational typology, while exploring the is - sues and processes involved in the design of a civic building in a township environment. The archi - tectural design is seen as an appropriate response to the identified architectural issues. Relevant precedents are chosen based on the nature of these issues and the context in which they are situated. The buildings are analysed in terms of these key issues and will thereby provide an understanding of the architectural identity of the civic and educational building archetype. An understanding of the architectural typology and an analysis of relevant precedents lead to the identification of a set of site selection criteria which can be used to select an appropriate site within the Motherwell precinct. The nature of Motherwell and the identified issues related to the selected site are then investigated in order to develop a set of informants and constraints. Specific elements which are unique to the selected site are then investigated individually while using relevant precedents to establish an appropriate response to the issues involved. An appropriate architectural response is subsequently developed through an understanding of the physical and spatial qualities of the building typology while also responding to the specific issues related to the site. , Thesis (MArch) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Architecture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
Evaluation of the impacts of water allocation reform on livelihoods in the Lower Sundays River catchment area
- Authors: Ngilana, Simphiwe
- Date: 2021-08
- Subjects: Water-supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management , Water resources development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54229 , vital:46373
- Description: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Water Allocation Reform (WAR) programme on the socio-economic livelihoods of resource-poor farmers (RPFs). WAR was implemented between 2014 and 2019 in the Lower Sundays River Valley Municipality of the Eastern Cape. The study sought to qualitatively evaluate the outcome of the WAR programme using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. The study findings show that water allocation reform has contributed positively to the livelihoods of resource poor farmers in the area under study. It was found that joint ventures (JVs) are the strongest mechanisms used by farmers to ensure water is used for irrigation purposes and this is encouraged by government. The issue of equity is still not realised as one of the objectives of the National Water Act, 1998. It was found that resource poor farmers are willing to pay for water resource management although it is very expensive. However, government does not conduct the monitoring and evaluation of the programmes, and implementation is left solely to farmers to arrange. It was discovered that there is a lack of coordination by government departments on programme implementation. The case study further revealed that government is not providing the necessary support for resource poor farmers. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-08
- Authors: Ngilana, Simphiwe
- Date: 2021-08
- Subjects: Water-supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management , Water resources development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54229 , vital:46373
- Description: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Water Allocation Reform (WAR) programme on the socio-economic livelihoods of resource-poor farmers (RPFs). WAR was implemented between 2014 and 2019 in the Lower Sundays River Valley Municipality of the Eastern Cape. The study sought to qualitatively evaluate the outcome of the WAR programme using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. The study findings show that water allocation reform has contributed positively to the livelihoods of resource poor farmers in the area under study. It was found that joint ventures (JVs) are the strongest mechanisms used by farmers to ensure water is used for irrigation purposes and this is encouraged by government. The issue of equity is still not realised as one of the objectives of the National Water Act, 1998. It was found that resource poor farmers are willing to pay for water resource management although it is very expensive. However, government does not conduct the monitoring and evaluation of the programmes, and implementation is left solely to farmers to arrange. It was discovered that there is a lack of coordination by government departments on programme implementation. The case study further revealed that government is not providing the necessary support for resource poor farmers. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-08
A baseline study of land tenure rights and livelihoods in the Amatole District in the context of proposed shale gas development
- Authors: Mmtsila, Mkhuseli
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52969 , vital:44869
- Description: Shale Gas Exploration (SGE) is one among various means that are seen as a solution to the energy crisis of the 21st century. In many first world countries, especially in America, Shale Gas Exploration (SGE) has been one of the energy sources that has been utilised along with other energy sources like coal as a means of moving towards a cleaner and more sustainable renewable energy source to reduce carbon emissions as it burns cleaner than coal. Shale Gas Development (SGD) is now gaining momentum around the world, including in the African continent and in particular, South Africa, which has shown potential for exploration. The recently discovered shale gas deposits in the Karoo region have drawn significant attention across the entire central region of the interior, including the Amathole District of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, a region often neglected in the discussion surrounding SGD as it falls within the far eastern corner of the existing areas under application for exploration. In the District, as in the Province as a whole, this has brought discussions around potential for development for the area and the country at large. Since the discovery of shale gas extracts in the Karoo, there has also been a heated debate in looking at Shale Gas Development (SGD) as one of the alternatives to coal within the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) to be a part of a mixed resource plan for the country. The heated debate is based on anticipated environmental short run effects together with long-run impacts in comparison with the economic benefits that could bring about economic growth and development in the Eastern Cape and South Africa at large. The concerns around Shale Gas Development (SGD) make it difficult to exploit the resource due to scepticism of residents of the Amathole District Municipality, environmental organisations, NGOs and civil society, including land tenure rights as there is an unresolved land question in South Africa. The debate around the land question in South Africa is based on redressing the socio-economic imbalances that were caused by the historical land dispossessions and the apartheid system that disallowed the indigenous black majority land rights. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Department of Development Studies, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mmtsila, Mkhuseli
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52969 , vital:44869
- Description: Shale Gas Exploration (SGE) is one among various means that are seen as a solution to the energy crisis of the 21st century. In many first world countries, especially in America, Shale Gas Exploration (SGE) has been one of the energy sources that has been utilised along with other energy sources like coal as a means of moving towards a cleaner and more sustainable renewable energy source to reduce carbon emissions as it burns cleaner than coal. Shale Gas Development (SGD) is now gaining momentum around the world, including in the African continent and in particular, South Africa, which has shown potential for exploration. The recently discovered shale gas deposits in the Karoo region have drawn significant attention across the entire central region of the interior, including the Amathole District of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, a region often neglected in the discussion surrounding SGD as it falls within the far eastern corner of the existing areas under application for exploration. In the District, as in the Province as a whole, this has brought discussions around potential for development for the area and the country at large. Since the discovery of shale gas extracts in the Karoo, there has also been a heated debate in looking at Shale Gas Development (SGD) as one of the alternatives to coal within the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) to be a part of a mixed resource plan for the country. The heated debate is based on anticipated environmental short run effects together with long-run impacts in comparison with the economic benefits that could bring about economic growth and development in the Eastern Cape and South Africa at large. The concerns around Shale Gas Development (SGD) make it difficult to exploit the resource due to scepticism of residents of the Amathole District Municipality, environmental organisations, NGOs and civil society, including land tenure rights as there is an unresolved land question in South Africa. The debate around the land question in South Africa is based on redressing the socio-economic imbalances that were caused by the historical land dispossessions and the apartheid system that disallowed the indigenous black majority land rights. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Department of Development Studies, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A behaviour of South Africa’s economy towards inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) from BRICs economies
- Authors: Dingela, Siyasanga
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign -- South Africa , Investments, Foreign -- Developing countries , South Africa -- Economic conditions , BRIC countries -- Foreign economic relations
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51141 , vital:43212
- Description: This study investigated a behaviour of South Africa’s economy towards inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs) economies, during the period 1997 to 2016. The BRICs bloc was coined in 2001 by then chairperson of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, Jim O’Neil. According to Goldman Sach (2001), the BRICs group was collectively expected to overtake the major economic powers over the span of a few decades. Their growth is expected to shape a new economic order and replace the currently dominant advanced economies. South Africa joined the BRICs bloc in 2010 as the jeweler of the world and as a gateway to Africa. It joined the BRICs group at the time when economic growth was at a sluggish rate, and the savings and investment were at the lowest rate. The country had a high unemployment rate, high levels of poverty and income inequality. On the other hand, the BRICs economies had limited intra-BRICs flows amongst themselves. It is against this background that this study investigated the long run impact of BRICs FDI inflows on South Africa’s economic growth, and the causality relationship between South Africa’s economic growth and BRICs FDI inflows. This study contributes to the body of knowledge of economics in South Africa and the literature on foreign direct investment and economic growth in South Africa. The study employed two cointegration methods to investigate the behaviour of South Africa’s economy towards inflows of foreign direct investment from BRICs economies. These are fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). For granger causality, the study employed Stacked and Dumistrescu Hurlin tests. All the models used time series annual data from 1997 to 2016. The Unit root test results confirmed that the variables were stationary at first difference using panel Im, Pesaran, Shin (IPS) and Levin, Lin, Chu (LLC). The research employs four regressions, first, Economic growth and foreign direct investment (i.e. private sector, banking sector and both sectors), human capital, physical capital, household consumption, government expenditure, exports, and arable land; Second, Employment and foreign direct investment, human capital, physical capital, household consumption, government expenditure, exports, and arable land; third, Economic complexity and foreign direct investment, human capital, physical capital, household consumption, government expenditure, exports, and arable land; finally, Unemployment and foreign direct investment, human capital, physical capital, household consumption, government expenditure, exports, and arable land. The cointegration results for private FDI and economic growth, employment, economic complexity, and unemployment. The results show only economic complexity has significant effect on foreign direct investment and other variables show insignificant results. However, this effect is smaller compared to other growth determinants which are included in the regressions. The cointegration results for bank FDI. These results show more similarities with private FDI results and few differences. However, this effect is smaller compared to other growth determinants included in the regressions. These growth determinants, however, show a positive effect of human capital and household consumption on economic growth which is expected. Other interesting results are exports being positively related with economic growth and unemployment but negative with employment and insignificant with economic complexity. Another one is government spending negatively influence economic growth, employment and positively influence unemployment. But insignificant for economic complexity. Total FDI results and other variables. These results are also similar to private and bank FDI results discussed above. Economic complexity shows significant effect with foreign direct investment, yet other variables are insignificant. . Further results show human capital positively related with economic growth, which is expected. However, physical capital and household consumption negatively affects growth. Another one exports show positive influence on economic growth but negatively related with employment. Yet, insignificant with economic complexity and unemployment. Other results government spending shows negative influence with employment but insignificant with economic growth, economic complexity and unemployment. The results for nonlinearity between the variables under review. The results that employment and economic complexity are nonlinear with foreign direct investment and no nonlinearity between unemployment, economic growth and foreign direct investment. For employment, low levels of foreign direct investment (LFDI_private) adversely affects employment but at higher levels (FDI_private_SQ) is insignificant. For economic complexity, low levels of foreign direct investment are insignificant for economic complexity but at higher levels there is a positive effect of squared foreign direct investment on economic complexity. Further results show that economic growth and employment are nonlinear with human capital, physical capital, household consumption and exports. Physical capital and household consumption adversely affect economic growth, yet positively affects employment. Human capital positively affects economic growth, employment, and unemployment. Exports positively affect economic growth, but negatively affect employment. Further results show nonlinearity between employment and government expenditure. Government expenditure adversely affects employment. Also, economic growth and unemployment show nonlinearity with arable land. Arable land adversely affects economic growth but positively affects unemployment. Nonlinear results for economic growth and economic complexity with foreign direct investment but no nonlinearity in other remaining variables. For economic growth, low levels of foreign direct investment there is a positive effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth, however, at higher levels foreign direct investment are insignificant. For economic complexity, low levels of foreign direct investment are insignificant, yet, higher levels of foreign direct investment there is a positive influence of foreign direct investment on economic complexity. Further results show economic growth and employment that are nonlinear with human capital, physical capital, and household consumption. Human capital positively affects both economic growth and employment. Physical capital and household consumption are adversely affecting economic growth, yet positively affects employment. Further results show nonlinearity between economic growth and government expenditure. Government expenditure adversely affects employment. More results, employment, and unemployment show nonlinearity results with exports. Exports adversely affect employment but positively affects unemployment. Results show economic growth and unemployment that are nonlinear with arable land. Arable land adversely affects economic growth, but positively affect unemployment. Nonlinear results for economic complexity only and other variables show no nonlinearity in the regressions. For economic complexity, low levels of foreign direct investment are insignificant, but at higher levels of foreign direct investment there is positive effect of foreign direct investment on economic complexity. More results show economic growth and employment that are nonlinear with human capital, physical capital, household consumption and exports. Human capital and exports positively affect economic growth, employment, and unemployment. Whereas, physical capital and household consumption adversely affects economic growth and unemployment, yet positively affects employment. Further results show nonlinearity between employment and government expenditure. Government spending adversely affects employment. Further results show nonlinearity between economic growth and unemployment with arable land. Arable land positively affects unemployment, yet adversely affects economic growth. The following section discusses granger causality results. This study also employed granger causality tests. The causality results between economic growth, employment, economic complexity, unemployment, and private foreign direct investment. The causality results show that there is granger causality between economic growth and economic complexity with private foreign direct investment. Whereas, between bank foreign direct investment and other variables there is no granger causality. However, between total foreign direct investment and economic growth and employment there is granger causality. There are a number of policy recommendations that can be drawn from the study. The study results in overall revealed that BRICs (private and bank) FDI inflows had a positive impact on South Africa’s economic growth between 1997 and 2016. The study results suggest that the policy makers should focus the attention on lobbying foreign direct investment from BRICs economies, since this study shows positive impact and relationship between South Africa’s economic growth and BRICs FDI inflows. The BRICs economies should focus on enhancing investment partnership, preventing protectionism, and promoting intra-BRICS flows. In addition, South Africa should eliminate barriers affecting business with BRICs countries. Policy makers should promote the building of new companies (for example Greenfield Investment) so that the economy of South Africa could grow and create employment. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Economics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Dingela, Siyasanga
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign -- South Africa , Investments, Foreign -- Developing countries , South Africa -- Economic conditions , BRIC countries -- Foreign economic relations
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51141 , vital:43212
- Description: This study investigated a behaviour of South Africa’s economy towards inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs) economies, during the period 1997 to 2016. The BRICs bloc was coined in 2001 by then chairperson of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, Jim O’Neil. According to Goldman Sach (2001), the BRICs group was collectively expected to overtake the major economic powers over the span of a few decades. Their growth is expected to shape a new economic order and replace the currently dominant advanced economies. South Africa joined the BRICs bloc in 2010 as the jeweler of the world and as a gateway to Africa. It joined the BRICs group at the time when economic growth was at a sluggish rate, and the savings and investment were at the lowest rate. The country had a high unemployment rate, high levels of poverty and income inequality. On the other hand, the BRICs economies had limited intra-BRICs flows amongst themselves. It is against this background that this study investigated the long run impact of BRICs FDI inflows on South Africa’s economic growth, and the causality relationship between South Africa’s economic growth and BRICs FDI inflows. This study contributes to the body of knowledge of economics in South Africa and the literature on foreign direct investment and economic growth in South Africa. The study employed two cointegration methods to investigate the behaviour of South Africa’s economy towards inflows of foreign direct investment from BRICs economies. These are fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). For granger causality, the study employed Stacked and Dumistrescu Hurlin tests. All the models used time series annual data from 1997 to 2016. The Unit root test results confirmed that the variables were stationary at first difference using panel Im, Pesaran, Shin (IPS) and Levin, Lin, Chu (LLC). The research employs four regressions, first, Economic growth and foreign direct investment (i.e. private sector, banking sector and both sectors), human capital, physical capital, household consumption, government expenditure, exports, and arable land; Second, Employment and foreign direct investment, human capital, physical capital, household consumption, government expenditure, exports, and arable land; third, Economic complexity and foreign direct investment, human capital, physical capital, household consumption, government expenditure, exports, and arable land; finally, Unemployment and foreign direct investment, human capital, physical capital, household consumption, government expenditure, exports, and arable land. The cointegration results for private FDI and economic growth, employment, economic complexity, and unemployment. The results show only economic complexity has significant effect on foreign direct investment and other variables show insignificant results. However, this effect is smaller compared to other growth determinants which are included in the regressions. The cointegration results for bank FDI. These results show more similarities with private FDI results and few differences. However, this effect is smaller compared to other growth determinants included in the regressions. These growth determinants, however, show a positive effect of human capital and household consumption on economic growth which is expected. Other interesting results are exports being positively related with economic growth and unemployment but negative with employment and insignificant with economic complexity. Another one is government spending negatively influence economic growth, employment and positively influence unemployment. But insignificant for economic complexity. Total FDI results and other variables. These results are also similar to private and bank FDI results discussed above. Economic complexity shows significant effect with foreign direct investment, yet other variables are insignificant. . Further results show human capital positively related with economic growth, which is expected. However, physical capital and household consumption negatively affects growth. Another one exports show positive influence on economic growth but negatively related with employment. Yet, insignificant with economic complexity and unemployment. Other results government spending shows negative influence with employment but insignificant with economic growth, economic complexity and unemployment. The results for nonlinearity between the variables under review. The results that employment and economic complexity are nonlinear with foreign direct investment and no nonlinearity between unemployment, economic growth and foreign direct investment. For employment, low levels of foreign direct investment (LFDI_private) adversely affects employment but at higher levels (FDI_private_SQ) is insignificant. For economic complexity, low levels of foreign direct investment are insignificant for economic complexity but at higher levels there is a positive effect of squared foreign direct investment on economic complexity. Further results show that economic growth and employment are nonlinear with human capital, physical capital, household consumption and exports. Physical capital and household consumption adversely affect economic growth, yet positively affects employment. Human capital positively affects economic growth, employment, and unemployment. Exports positively affect economic growth, but negatively affect employment. Further results show nonlinearity between employment and government expenditure. Government expenditure adversely affects employment. Also, economic growth and unemployment show nonlinearity with arable land. Arable land adversely affects economic growth but positively affects unemployment. Nonlinear results for economic growth and economic complexity with foreign direct investment but no nonlinearity in other remaining variables. For economic growth, low levels of foreign direct investment there is a positive effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth, however, at higher levels foreign direct investment are insignificant. For economic complexity, low levels of foreign direct investment are insignificant, yet, higher levels of foreign direct investment there is a positive influence of foreign direct investment on economic complexity. Further results show economic growth and employment that are nonlinear with human capital, physical capital, and household consumption. Human capital positively affects both economic growth and employment. Physical capital and household consumption are adversely affecting economic growth, yet positively affects employment. Further results show nonlinearity between economic growth and government expenditure. Government expenditure adversely affects employment. More results, employment, and unemployment show nonlinearity results with exports. Exports adversely affect employment but positively affects unemployment. Results show economic growth and unemployment that are nonlinear with arable land. Arable land adversely affects economic growth, but positively affect unemployment. Nonlinear results for economic complexity only and other variables show no nonlinearity in the regressions. For economic complexity, low levels of foreign direct investment are insignificant, but at higher levels of foreign direct investment there is positive effect of foreign direct investment on economic complexity. More results show economic growth and employment that are nonlinear with human capital, physical capital, household consumption and exports. Human capital and exports positively affect economic growth, employment, and unemployment. Whereas, physical capital and household consumption adversely affects economic growth and unemployment, yet positively affects employment. Further results show nonlinearity between employment and government expenditure. Government spending adversely affects employment. Further results show nonlinearity between economic growth and unemployment with arable land. Arable land positively affects unemployment, yet adversely affects economic growth. The following section discusses granger causality results. This study also employed granger causality tests. The causality results between economic growth, employment, economic complexity, unemployment, and private foreign direct investment. The causality results show that there is granger causality between economic growth and economic complexity with private foreign direct investment. Whereas, between bank foreign direct investment and other variables there is no granger causality. However, between total foreign direct investment and economic growth and employment there is granger causality. There are a number of policy recommendations that can be drawn from the study. The study results in overall revealed that BRICs (private and bank) FDI inflows had a positive impact on South Africa’s economic growth between 1997 and 2016. The study results suggest that the policy makers should focus the attention on lobbying foreign direct investment from BRICs economies, since this study shows positive impact and relationship between South Africa’s economic growth and BRICs FDI inflows. The BRICs economies should focus on enhancing investment partnership, preventing protectionism, and promoting intra-BRICS flows. In addition, South Africa should eliminate barriers affecting business with BRICs countries. Policy makers should promote the building of new companies (for example Greenfield Investment) so that the economy of South Africa could grow and create employment. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Economics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A best practice guideline for the management of the quality of objective structured clinical examinations at a multi-campus public college of nursing
- Authors: Nyangeni, Thandolwakhe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Nursing assessment-- Management , Clinical Competence -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51466 , vital:43281
- Description: An Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a robust method of clinical assessment which, when properly planned and executed, results in a high quality and credible student assessment. However, concerns regarding its uniformity, fairness, objectivity and accuracy have been raised. Concerns regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs at a public College of Nursing in the Eastern Cape were raised by the College’s stakeholders. No best practice guideline had been developed regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs for this College. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a best practice guideline for the management of the quality of OSCEs at a public College of Nursing. The Transformative Pedagogy Theory proposed by Khedkar and Nair was used as a philosophical underpinning for this study. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) model for evidence-based healthcare was used as a theoretical basis for this study. In Phase One, a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used to explore and describe the experiences of nurse educators regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs at a multi-campus public College of Nursing. Semi-structured individual interviews were used to collect data from fourteen (n=14) nurse educators. Thereafter, a qualitative document analysis of fifteen (n=15) external moderators’ reports was conducted to explore the information external moderators shared regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs at a multi-campus public College of Nursing. A document analysis checklist designed by the researcher was used to extract the data from external moderators’ reports. Tesch’s method of data analysis was utilised to analyse the data from the interviews while the data analysis process proposed by Dalglish, Khalid and McMahon was used to analyse the data from the external moderator’s reports. In Phase Two, an integrative literature review was conducted to search, select, extract, appraise and synthesise best practices regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs in health sciences education. The adapted integrative literature review steps, as proposed by de Souza, da Silva and de Carvalho, were utilised to guide this phase. Data of a total of thirteen (n=13) articles were extracted and synthesised. In Phase Three, the findings of Phase One and Phase Two were synthesised, as a basis for informing the development of a best practice guideline for the management of the quality of OSCEs. The National Institute for Health and Care (NICE) and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) frameworks were used as a basis for developing the best practice guideline for the management of the quality of OSCEs at a multi-campus public College of Nursing. The draft best practice guideline was reviewed by eight (n=8) expert reviewers who were experienced in conducting OSCE’s and best practice guideline development. Lincoln and Guba’s principles—namely credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability were applied to ensure the trustworthiness of the interview data. Wesley’s criteria- namely triangulation, thick description and audit trail were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the document analysis. The principles as stipulated in the Belmont Report were applied in order to ensure the ethical soundness of this study. Findings of the interviews and the document analysis in Phase One revealed that, while there are measures currently in place to facilitate quality in the management of OSCEs in this College of Nursing, there are gaps such as uncertainty in the assessment practices being used and resource constraints that hinder the overall quality of OSCEs. The participants indicated the need for the development of a best practice guideline for the management of the quality of OSCEs at this College. Findings from the integrative literature review in Phase Two revealed three themes, namely: apply quality measures in the preparation and planning phase of OSCEs; apply quality measures in the implementation phase of OSCEs; and apply quality measures in the evaluation phase of OSCEs. For Phase Three, the developed best practice guideline included three recommendations regarding the quality measures that should be applied in each of the three phases of OSCEs. It is recommended for the developed best practice guideline to be further refined, piloted and implemented to be used by nurse educators and other relevant stakeholders Once implemented, the guideline is expected to enhance the management of the quality of OSCEs at the multi-campus College of Nursing and, ultimately, nursing and patient outcomes through quality nursing education and assessment. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Nyangeni, Thandolwakhe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Nursing assessment-- Management , Clinical Competence -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51466 , vital:43281
- Description: An Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a robust method of clinical assessment which, when properly planned and executed, results in a high quality and credible student assessment. However, concerns regarding its uniformity, fairness, objectivity and accuracy have been raised. Concerns regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs at a public College of Nursing in the Eastern Cape were raised by the College’s stakeholders. No best practice guideline had been developed regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs for this College. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a best practice guideline for the management of the quality of OSCEs at a public College of Nursing. The Transformative Pedagogy Theory proposed by Khedkar and Nair was used as a philosophical underpinning for this study. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) model for evidence-based healthcare was used as a theoretical basis for this study. In Phase One, a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used to explore and describe the experiences of nurse educators regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs at a multi-campus public College of Nursing. Semi-structured individual interviews were used to collect data from fourteen (n=14) nurse educators. Thereafter, a qualitative document analysis of fifteen (n=15) external moderators’ reports was conducted to explore the information external moderators shared regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs at a multi-campus public College of Nursing. A document analysis checklist designed by the researcher was used to extract the data from external moderators’ reports. Tesch’s method of data analysis was utilised to analyse the data from the interviews while the data analysis process proposed by Dalglish, Khalid and McMahon was used to analyse the data from the external moderator’s reports. In Phase Two, an integrative literature review was conducted to search, select, extract, appraise and synthesise best practices regarding the management of the quality of OSCEs in health sciences education. The adapted integrative literature review steps, as proposed by de Souza, da Silva and de Carvalho, were utilised to guide this phase. Data of a total of thirteen (n=13) articles were extracted and synthesised. In Phase Three, the findings of Phase One and Phase Two were synthesised, as a basis for informing the development of a best practice guideline for the management of the quality of OSCEs. The National Institute for Health and Care (NICE) and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) frameworks were used as a basis for developing the best practice guideline for the management of the quality of OSCEs at a multi-campus public College of Nursing. The draft best practice guideline was reviewed by eight (n=8) expert reviewers who were experienced in conducting OSCE’s and best practice guideline development. Lincoln and Guba’s principles—namely credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability were applied to ensure the trustworthiness of the interview data. Wesley’s criteria- namely triangulation, thick description and audit trail were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the document analysis. The principles as stipulated in the Belmont Report were applied in order to ensure the ethical soundness of this study. Findings of the interviews and the document analysis in Phase One revealed that, while there are measures currently in place to facilitate quality in the management of OSCEs in this College of Nursing, there are gaps such as uncertainty in the assessment practices being used and resource constraints that hinder the overall quality of OSCEs. The participants indicated the need for the development of a best practice guideline for the management of the quality of OSCEs at this College. Findings from the integrative literature review in Phase Two revealed three themes, namely: apply quality measures in the preparation and planning phase of OSCEs; apply quality measures in the implementation phase of OSCEs; and apply quality measures in the evaluation phase of OSCEs. For Phase Three, the developed best practice guideline included three recommendations regarding the quality measures that should be applied in each of the three phases of OSCEs. It is recommended for the developed best practice guideline to be further refined, piloted and implemented to be used by nurse educators and other relevant stakeholders Once implemented, the guideline is expected to enhance the management of the quality of OSCEs at the multi-campus College of Nursing and, ultimately, nursing and patient outcomes through quality nursing education and assessment. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A causal analysis to investigate low production efficiency in the tyre manufacturing industry in South Africa
- Authors: Bruinders, Bramwill Bertram
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Industrial efficiency , Production management , Lean manufacturing -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50977 , vital:43177
- Description: The evolution of tyre manufacturing in South Africa went back to the early 1930s and matured technologically, becoming automated in the 1960s. The tyre industry in South Africa is worth approximately R30bn per annum and is one of the major supporting industries for domestic vehicle manufacturers. The local industry manufactures only 11 million tyres but can manufacture 18 million tyres per annum. The tyre industry thus plays a crucial role in South Africa’s economic development. Consumers are opting to buy cheaper imported tyres even though tyres are essential purchases. Therefore, the major tyre manufacturers must compete against an estimated 200 importers of various brands, most from China and Japan. The excess local capacity and increasing volume of imports put the local tyre manufacturers under severe pressure to grow their market share, reduce operational cost and achieve economies of scale. The study’s general objective was to conduct a root cause analysis of South African tyre manufacturers’ underlying issues resulting in low production efficiencies. This study used critical manufacturing principles such as traceability, knowledge of lean principles, lean implementation challenges, Total Quality Management, organisational buy-in, waste and rework and maintenance planning that constitute tools of lean practices. These principles provided an opportunity to adopt efficient manufacturing practices in tyre manufacturing companies and help organisations identify improvement areas. A questionnaire was developed and distributed electronically to 93 respondents employed in the tyre manufacturing industry in South Africa. The study addressed product traceability, investigated the quality measures in place, and examined the influence of the workforce’s attitude and morale on productivity, and determined management’s influence on decision-making. The key findings indicated that traceability, lean implementation challenges and organisational buy-in played a significant role in improving production efficiency. Recommendations were made to management to ensure that they lead by example and enhance these key constructs to foster their growth. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration , 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Bruinders, Bramwill Bertram
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Industrial efficiency , Production management , Lean manufacturing -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50977 , vital:43177
- Description: The evolution of tyre manufacturing in South Africa went back to the early 1930s and matured technologically, becoming automated in the 1960s. The tyre industry in South Africa is worth approximately R30bn per annum and is one of the major supporting industries for domestic vehicle manufacturers. The local industry manufactures only 11 million tyres but can manufacture 18 million tyres per annum. The tyre industry thus plays a crucial role in South Africa’s economic development. Consumers are opting to buy cheaper imported tyres even though tyres are essential purchases. Therefore, the major tyre manufacturers must compete against an estimated 200 importers of various brands, most from China and Japan. The excess local capacity and increasing volume of imports put the local tyre manufacturers under severe pressure to grow their market share, reduce operational cost and achieve economies of scale. The study’s general objective was to conduct a root cause analysis of South African tyre manufacturers’ underlying issues resulting in low production efficiencies. This study used critical manufacturing principles such as traceability, knowledge of lean principles, lean implementation challenges, Total Quality Management, organisational buy-in, waste and rework and maintenance planning that constitute tools of lean practices. These principles provided an opportunity to adopt efficient manufacturing practices in tyre manufacturing companies and help organisations identify improvement areas. A questionnaire was developed and distributed electronically to 93 respondents employed in the tyre manufacturing industry in South Africa. The study addressed product traceability, investigated the quality measures in place, and examined the influence of the workforce’s attitude and morale on productivity, and determined management’s influence on decision-making. The key findings indicated that traceability, lean implementation challenges and organisational buy-in played a significant role in improving production efficiency. Recommendations were made to management to ensure that they lead by example and enhance these key constructs to foster their growth. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration , 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A comparative analysis of the taxation of lease transactions in South Africa, Australia, and Nigeria
- Authors: Galada, Khayalethu
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Tax accounting -- South Africa , Tax accounting -- Australia , Tax accounting -- Nigeria , Taxation -- South Africa Taxation -- Australia Taxation -- Nigeria Accounting
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51428 , vital:43274
- Description: This treatise compared the tax treatment of lease transactions in South Africa, Australia, and Nigeria from both the lessor and lessee perspective. The analysis revealed that there are similarities and differences in the tax treatment of lease transactions between South Africa, Australia, and Nigeria. In particular, one major difference was that unlike Nigeria, South Africa and Australia have not aligned the income tax treatment of lease transactions with the accounting treatment of lease transactions in terms of IFRS 16. Consequently, the research concludes that certain parts of the tax treatment of lease transactions in South Africa may be deemed to be inadequate as a result of the misalignment between the income tax and accounting treatment of lease transactions and the inconsistency between the income tax and VAT treatment of lease transactions. This research proposes that the South African income tax treatment of lease transactions be revised by aligning the income tax treatment of lease transactions with the accounting treatment of lease transactions for simplicity purposes, and that the inconsistency between the income tax treatment and the value-added tax of lease transactions be eliminated. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Accounting, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A comparative analysis of the taxation of lease transactions in South Africa, Australia, and Nigeria
- Authors: Galada, Khayalethu
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Tax accounting -- South Africa , Tax accounting -- Australia , Tax accounting -- Nigeria , Taxation -- South Africa Taxation -- Australia Taxation -- Nigeria Accounting
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51428 , vital:43274
- Description: This treatise compared the tax treatment of lease transactions in South Africa, Australia, and Nigeria from both the lessor and lessee perspective. The analysis revealed that there are similarities and differences in the tax treatment of lease transactions between South Africa, Australia, and Nigeria. In particular, one major difference was that unlike Nigeria, South Africa and Australia have not aligned the income tax treatment of lease transactions with the accounting treatment of lease transactions in terms of IFRS 16. Consequently, the research concludes that certain parts of the tax treatment of lease transactions in South Africa may be deemed to be inadequate as a result of the misalignment between the income tax and accounting treatment of lease transactions and the inconsistency between the income tax and VAT treatment of lease transactions. This research proposes that the South African income tax treatment of lease transactions be revised by aligning the income tax treatment of lease transactions with the accounting treatment of lease transactions for simplicity purposes, and that the inconsistency between the income tax treatment and the value-added tax of lease transactions be eliminated. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Accounting, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A comparative study of occupational hazards amongst public hospital healthcare workers in urban and rural areas of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
- Authors: Ngobe, Sinoneliso Avuyisiwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Community health services , Health risk assessment -- South Africa , Hazardous materials-- KwaZulu Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56081 , vital:55291
- Description: The role of healthcare workers (HCWs) is to render services to the sick. While executing their duties, these HCWs can fall ill due to various occupational exposures. HCWs are exposed to a range of hazards including physical, biological, chemical and ergonomic hazards. These hazards can cause physical injuries, diseases, mental strain and other adverse health effects.: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of occupational hazards amongst HCWs in urban and rural areas of the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilised on the estimated sample size of 270 respondents, from ten public hospitals. The sampling method used to identify participants was convenience sampling and data was collected through a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. The analysed data was presented in descriptive and inferential summary statistics. The data was analysed using graphical and numerical descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistical techniques. The statistical significance was set at P0.05. The results revealed that both urban and rural HCWs were exposed to physical, biological, chemical and ergonomic hazards. Overall, physical hazards were the most frequently reported form of hazard exposure at 98,6%, followed by biological hazards (96,7%), ergonomic hazards (94,4%) and chemical hazards (23,7%). The duration of exposure to hazards varied from 12 months to 5 years. In a period of 12 months, radiation, cold, heat, slips and trips were the most common sources of physical hazard exposure while direct contact with patient bodily fluids was the most common source of biological hazard exposure and mercury was the most common source of chemical hazard exposure. More than a quarter of the HCWs had experienced some form of assault by a patient in the preceding 12 months. Over a three-year period, both urban and rural area HCWs reported the use of post-exposure prophylaxis and experienced symptoms of chemical exposure at work. Less than 6% of the HCWs had developed an occupational disease in the previous five years. There were no statistically significant differences in total exposure to hazards between urban and rural area HCW. , Thesis (Mtech) --Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Ngobe, Sinoneliso Avuyisiwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Community health services , Health risk assessment -- South Africa , Hazardous materials-- KwaZulu Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56081 , vital:55291
- Description: The role of healthcare workers (HCWs) is to render services to the sick. While executing their duties, these HCWs can fall ill due to various occupational exposures. HCWs are exposed to a range of hazards including physical, biological, chemical and ergonomic hazards. These hazards can cause physical injuries, diseases, mental strain and other adverse health effects.: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of occupational hazards amongst HCWs in urban and rural areas of the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilised on the estimated sample size of 270 respondents, from ten public hospitals. The sampling method used to identify participants was convenience sampling and data was collected through a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. The analysed data was presented in descriptive and inferential summary statistics. The data was analysed using graphical and numerical descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistical techniques. The statistical significance was set at P0.05. The results revealed that both urban and rural HCWs were exposed to physical, biological, chemical and ergonomic hazards. Overall, physical hazards were the most frequently reported form of hazard exposure at 98,6%, followed by biological hazards (96,7%), ergonomic hazards (94,4%) and chemical hazards (23,7%). The duration of exposure to hazards varied from 12 months to 5 years. In a period of 12 months, radiation, cold, heat, slips and trips were the most common sources of physical hazard exposure while direct contact with patient bodily fluids was the most common source of biological hazard exposure and mercury was the most common source of chemical hazard exposure. More than a quarter of the HCWs had experienced some form of assault by a patient in the preceding 12 months. Over a three-year period, both urban and rural area HCWs reported the use of post-exposure prophylaxis and experienced symptoms of chemical exposure at work. Less than 6% of the HCWs had developed an occupational disease in the previous five years. There were no statistically significant differences in total exposure to hazards between urban and rural area HCW. , Thesis (Mtech) --Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A design of a convention centre in the kuiseb river valley, Namib desert
- Authors: Davids, Maretha
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Convention facilities-- Namibia --Kuiseb river -- Designs and plans , Kuiseb River (Namibia)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57466 , vital:57876
- Description: At least 55 million years old, the Namib Desert is the oldest desert in the world. With many species making up the diverse ecosystem the question remains, how do they survive with less than 200 mm of rainfall per year? (Lovegrove 1993) Survival in harsh climatic conditions have been tried and conquered across the world, from desert to artic conditions. With a harsh climatic environment and barren conditions, where does one set up a place of gathering? With tourism being one of the main pillars of the economy in Namibia. On an already existing route along a perennial water source, a conference centre is set up as a midway point for meeting of tourists with a local flair (Humavindu, 2013 Through learning from this environment and environments similar to these, the final product of this treatise results in a place of meeting along this string of settlements along the river, through means of bio-inspired design and phenomenological theories of place making. The challenge of nature vs building is questioned. Forming a unique experience as a sustainable oasis within the harsh surrounds the project sits within, amplifying the context in which it sits. , Thesis (MArch) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Architecture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Davids, Maretha
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Convention facilities-- Namibia --Kuiseb river -- Designs and plans , Kuiseb River (Namibia)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57466 , vital:57876
- Description: At least 55 million years old, the Namib Desert is the oldest desert in the world. With many species making up the diverse ecosystem the question remains, how do they survive with less than 200 mm of rainfall per year? (Lovegrove 1993) Survival in harsh climatic conditions have been tried and conquered across the world, from desert to artic conditions. With a harsh climatic environment and barren conditions, where does one set up a place of gathering? With tourism being one of the main pillars of the economy in Namibia. On an already existing route along a perennial water source, a conference centre is set up as a midway point for meeting of tourists with a local flair (Humavindu, 2013 Through learning from this environment and environments similar to these, the final product of this treatise results in a place of meeting along this string of settlements along the river, through means of bio-inspired design and phenomenological theories of place making. The challenge of nature vs building is questioned. Forming a unique experience as a sustainable oasis within the harsh surrounds the project sits within, amplifying the context in which it sits. , Thesis (MArch) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Architecture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A framework for an integrated transport system towards improving public transport efficiency in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Dlepu, Anele Lunga
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Intelligent transportation systems , Transportation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51165 , vital:43214
- Description: The main objective of this study was to develop a framework for an Integrated Transport System towards improving public transport efficiency in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The study was conducted against a background of a noticeably disjointed transport system in the BCMM. Among several others, the key attributing factors include rapid urban expansion, urbanization and sharp rise in the volume of traffic. The preliminary chapter of this study presented objectives which sought to address the economic and social costs associated with the disintegrated transport system. This study has been divided into seven chapters, with three of them comprising of literature review. The first chapter gives a background about the South African public transport system, covering transport regulations and legislation including an overview of the public transport system in the BCMM. The second chapter provided an overview of the transport system in South Africa, including the profile and comparison with other countries. In the third chapter, literature on transport integration has been explored, touching on the nodes and corridor development concepts, together with the integrated transit systems. Importantly, the literature analysis section discusses challenges inhibiting transport integration and the effective strategies for improving integration efforts. For the research methodology the interpretivist paradigm has been followed, necessitating the adoption of a qualitative research approach. This research used the qualitative data collection method, together with thematic analysis. Primary Data was collected by means of an unstructured questionnaire distributed to respondents electronically and the views captured in this study were from respondents in the Traffic Department, Traffic Police Department, the Local Municipality and Taxi Associations. The research leads to the findings that there is a need for a review of the urban transport policy, the reconstruction of urban roads and an investment in appropriate transport integration technology. This study also articulates that the urban sprawl in Buffalo City Metro is a serious cause for concern with regard to transport management. It further recommends that there must be a better coordination between the various transport management departments. Finally a recommendation is made that mini-bus taxis be done away with, as means of transport. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Dlepu, Anele Lunga
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Intelligent transportation systems , Transportation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51165 , vital:43214
- Description: The main objective of this study was to develop a framework for an Integrated Transport System towards improving public transport efficiency in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The study was conducted against a background of a noticeably disjointed transport system in the BCMM. Among several others, the key attributing factors include rapid urban expansion, urbanization and sharp rise in the volume of traffic. The preliminary chapter of this study presented objectives which sought to address the economic and social costs associated with the disintegrated transport system. This study has been divided into seven chapters, with three of them comprising of literature review. The first chapter gives a background about the South African public transport system, covering transport regulations and legislation including an overview of the public transport system in the BCMM. The second chapter provided an overview of the transport system in South Africa, including the profile and comparison with other countries. In the third chapter, literature on transport integration has been explored, touching on the nodes and corridor development concepts, together with the integrated transit systems. Importantly, the literature analysis section discusses challenges inhibiting transport integration and the effective strategies for improving integration efforts. For the research methodology the interpretivist paradigm has been followed, necessitating the adoption of a qualitative research approach. This research used the qualitative data collection method, together with thematic analysis. Primary Data was collected by means of an unstructured questionnaire distributed to respondents electronically and the views captured in this study were from respondents in the Traffic Department, Traffic Police Department, the Local Municipality and Taxi Associations. The research leads to the findings that there is a need for a review of the urban transport policy, the reconstruction of urban roads and an investment in appropriate transport integration technology. This study also articulates that the urban sprawl in Buffalo City Metro is a serious cause for concern with regard to transport management. It further recommends that there must be a better coordination between the various transport management departments. Finally a recommendation is made that mini-bus taxis be done away with, as means of transport. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A framework for public infrastructure financing in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Kapesa, Tonderai
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Finance, Public -- Accounting -- Standards , Accounting -- Standards , Finance -- Zimbabwe , Infrastructure (Economics) -- Zimbabwe -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51688 , vital:43363
- Description: The Government of Zimbabwe is operating using the mantra: ‘Zimbabwe is open for business’. The notion of opening for business requires robust supporting economic infrastructure for enhanced productivity, in the form of reliable supply of electricity, accessible road/railway transport networks and availability of contemporary Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure. The aim of the study was to develop a framework for making financing decisions for public infrastructure in Zimbabwe. The objectives of the study are to: determine the main sources of public infrastructure financing in Zimbabwe; establish innovative finance’s capacity to close the public infrastructure financing gap in Zimbabwe; assess the role played by public-sector accounting in attracting appropriate and efficient mechanisms to finance public infrastructure in Zimbabwe; and ultimately to develop and recommend a framework for selecting suitable and efficient mechanisms to finance public infrastructure in Zimbabwe. According to literature reviewed, public infrastructure is broadly financed by public sector entities using their own resources (internally financed) or through private sector investments and innovative financing instruments (externally financed). When infrastructure is internally financed, the study is theoretically guided by the Public Goods Theory and the Theory of Public Finance and Public Policy. When externally financed, the Risk Return and Pecking Order theories are important. There are many instruments used to finance public infrastructure and one project may be financed using one or more instruments. Therefore, considerations are given to the need for a framework that helps improve the efficiency of the financing decision. The study was designed as a multiple case study that focused on four sectors of economic infrastructure, that is, transport, energy (electricity), ICT as well as water and sanitation. The research used synchronous mixed methods to achieve the objectives of the study. Qualitative research methods addressed the following objectives: a) to determine the main sources of public infrastructure financing in Zimbabwe; b) to establish innovative finance’s capacity to close the public infrastructure financing gap in Zimbabwe; and c) to assess the role played by public-sector accounting in attracting appropriate and efficient mechanisms to finance public infrastructure in Zimbabwe. Whilst to develop and recommend a framework for selecting suitable and efficient mechanisms to finance public infrastructure in Zimbabwe the study combined qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative data was collected through interviews conducted with officials and staff from government ministries, government departments, as well as parastatal enterprises dealing with the four infrastructure types. The same respondents were asked to complete a survey questionnaire used to address part of the objective that developed a framework for public infrastructure financing. Interview data were triangulated using secondary data extracted from reports and financial statements. Some of the secondary data was collected from the World Bank’s development indicators online repository. Qualitative data analysis was done using RQDA, an open-source computer-aided data analysis software. Findings from the study revealed that the main sources of finance for public infrastructure in Zimbabwe are the government through budget appropriations, and concessionary loans from the China Export-Import Bank. There was also finance obtained from multilateral financial institutions such as the Development Bank of Southern Africa and the African Export-Import Bank. The study revealed that there is currently very limited use of innovative financing instruments such as PPPs in financing public infrastructure in Zimbabwe, despite the country having legislation to support such financing arrangements. The innovations in financing observed in the study entail the use of conventional financing mechanisms in unconventional ways. However, there is scope for improving the financing of public infrastructure using innovative financing mechanisms and significantly mitigate the financing gap. Public sector accountants in Zimbabwe are mainly active in financial reporting, although the financial statements for most ministries, government departments and parastatal enterprises had qualified audit opinions from the Auditor General’s office. Public sector accountants are not active in financial management and cost and management accounting responsibilities. As a result, public sector accountants are not adding value to public money through offering advisory services in the efficient investment of public money, as well as financing public infrastructure assets using the most efficient financing mechanism. There is no uniformly applied framework when making financing decisions for public infrastructure in Zimbabwe. Therefore, a framework was developed and is recommended for use by this study. The developed framework entails eight steps that are interrelated and interconnected. Use of the proposed framework requires availability of data about infrastructure projects that have been done in the past. The study recommends that Zimbabwe should ensure a robust framework for protecting private sector investments, which can be achieved by ensuring policy consistency; creating and implementing a legal framework that protects private capital; and having economically viable infrastructure sectors, that are liberalised to allow private sector participation. The Government of Zimbabwe must take deliberate actions that ensure variety of financing options at the disposal of the public sector to lower costs of financing public infrastructure. It is also important to fully operationalise the legislation and policies designed to facilitate the participation of the private sector in financing public sector projects. Such operationalisation entails a decentralisation of the regulations and policies to the provincial and municipal levels. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Accounting, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Kapesa, Tonderai
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Finance, Public -- Accounting -- Standards , Accounting -- Standards , Finance -- Zimbabwe , Infrastructure (Economics) -- Zimbabwe -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51688 , vital:43363
- Description: The Government of Zimbabwe is operating using the mantra: ‘Zimbabwe is open for business’. The notion of opening for business requires robust supporting economic infrastructure for enhanced productivity, in the form of reliable supply of electricity, accessible road/railway transport networks and availability of contemporary Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure. The aim of the study was to develop a framework for making financing decisions for public infrastructure in Zimbabwe. The objectives of the study are to: determine the main sources of public infrastructure financing in Zimbabwe; establish innovative finance’s capacity to close the public infrastructure financing gap in Zimbabwe; assess the role played by public-sector accounting in attracting appropriate and efficient mechanisms to finance public infrastructure in Zimbabwe; and ultimately to develop and recommend a framework for selecting suitable and efficient mechanisms to finance public infrastructure in Zimbabwe. According to literature reviewed, public infrastructure is broadly financed by public sector entities using their own resources (internally financed) or through private sector investments and innovative financing instruments (externally financed). When infrastructure is internally financed, the study is theoretically guided by the Public Goods Theory and the Theory of Public Finance and Public Policy. When externally financed, the Risk Return and Pecking Order theories are important. There are many instruments used to finance public infrastructure and one project may be financed using one or more instruments. Therefore, considerations are given to the need for a framework that helps improve the efficiency of the financing decision. The study was designed as a multiple case study that focused on four sectors of economic infrastructure, that is, transport, energy (electricity), ICT as well as water and sanitation. The research used synchronous mixed methods to achieve the objectives of the study. Qualitative research methods addressed the following objectives: a) to determine the main sources of public infrastructure financing in Zimbabwe; b) to establish innovative finance’s capacity to close the public infrastructure financing gap in Zimbabwe; and c) to assess the role played by public-sector accounting in attracting appropriate and efficient mechanisms to finance public infrastructure in Zimbabwe. Whilst to develop and recommend a framework for selecting suitable and efficient mechanisms to finance public infrastructure in Zimbabwe the study combined qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative data was collected through interviews conducted with officials and staff from government ministries, government departments, as well as parastatal enterprises dealing with the four infrastructure types. The same respondents were asked to complete a survey questionnaire used to address part of the objective that developed a framework for public infrastructure financing. Interview data were triangulated using secondary data extracted from reports and financial statements. Some of the secondary data was collected from the World Bank’s development indicators online repository. Qualitative data analysis was done using RQDA, an open-source computer-aided data analysis software. Findings from the study revealed that the main sources of finance for public infrastructure in Zimbabwe are the government through budget appropriations, and concessionary loans from the China Export-Import Bank. There was also finance obtained from multilateral financial institutions such as the Development Bank of Southern Africa and the African Export-Import Bank. The study revealed that there is currently very limited use of innovative financing instruments such as PPPs in financing public infrastructure in Zimbabwe, despite the country having legislation to support such financing arrangements. The innovations in financing observed in the study entail the use of conventional financing mechanisms in unconventional ways. However, there is scope for improving the financing of public infrastructure using innovative financing mechanisms and significantly mitigate the financing gap. Public sector accountants in Zimbabwe are mainly active in financial reporting, although the financial statements for most ministries, government departments and parastatal enterprises had qualified audit opinions from the Auditor General’s office. Public sector accountants are not active in financial management and cost and management accounting responsibilities. As a result, public sector accountants are not adding value to public money through offering advisory services in the efficient investment of public money, as well as financing public infrastructure assets using the most efficient financing mechanism. There is no uniformly applied framework when making financing decisions for public infrastructure in Zimbabwe. Therefore, a framework was developed and is recommended for use by this study. The developed framework entails eight steps that are interrelated and interconnected. Use of the proposed framework requires availability of data about infrastructure projects that have been done in the past. The study recommends that Zimbabwe should ensure a robust framework for protecting private sector investments, which can be achieved by ensuring policy consistency; creating and implementing a legal framework that protects private capital; and having economically viable infrastructure sectors, that are liberalised to allow private sector participation. The Government of Zimbabwe must take deliberate actions that ensure variety of financing options at the disposal of the public sector to lower costs of financing public infrastructure. It is also important to fully operationalise the legislation and policies designed to facilitate the participation of the private sector in financing public sector projects. Such operationalisation entails a decentralisation of the regulations and policies to the provincial and municipal levels. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Accounting, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04