Workplace Discrimination Based on Pregnancy
- Authors: Pathiswa, Mbongwana
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Employment discrimination , Pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60797 , vital:67819
- Description: In the past, South Africa was marked by widespread discriminatory practices, many of which still exist to date. This study investigates the persistent discrimination against pregnant women. The study revealed that in South Africa, pregnant women continue to face discrimination in employment and are often denied the right to go on maternity leave, nursing or breastfeeding and childcare facilities. Presently, pregnancy is listed as a prohibited ground for discrimination in the South African Constitution as well as many ILO Conventions. Similarly, the South African labour law framework which gives effect to the Constitution provides for the protection of women and pregnant workers. This protection comes in the form of measures that proscribe dismissal and discrimination based on. Despite these legislation, this study finds that the less favorable treatment of women and pregnant workers in South African workplaces has become increasingly common, and this has turned into a contentious subject. This study focused on labour legislation that has been developed to safeguard pregnant women in the workplace in light of applicable constitutional protections. Notwithstanding these legislative protections for pregnant women in the workplace, the analysis shows that many pregnant women continue to be treated unfairly due to their pregnancies or for reasons linked to their pregnancies. Consequently, there has been a regression in the actual execution of laws and regulations protecting pregnant workers. The study highlights the need to establish mechanisms to ensure that legislation protecting pregnant workers in the workplace achieves its intended purpose and is implemented properly. Consequently, this study presents pertinent suggestions about the implementation of labour legislation so that the employment rights of women and pregnant workers are adequately safeguarded. , Thesis (LLB) -- Faculty of Law, School of Mercantile Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Pathiswa, Mbongwana
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Employment discrimination , Pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60797 , vital:67819
- Description: In the past, South Africa was marked by widespread discriminatory practices, many of which still exist to date. This study investigates the persistent discrimination against pregnant women. The study revealed that in South Africa, pregnant women continue to face discrimination in employment and are often denied the right to go on maternity leave, nursing or breastfeeding and childcare facilities. Presently, pregnancy is listed as a prohibited ground for discrimination in the South African Constitution as well as many ILO Conventions. Similarly, the South African labour law framework which gives effect to the Constitution provides for the protection of women and pregnant workers. This protection comes in the form of measures that proscribe dismissal and discrimination based on. Despite these legislation, this study finds that the less favorable treatment of women and pregnant workers in South African workplaces has become increasingly common, and this has turned into a contentious subject. This study focused on labour legislation that has been developed to safeguard pregnant women in the workplace in light of applicable constitutional protections. Notwithstanding these legislative protections for pregnant women in the workplace, the analysis shows that many pregnant women continue to be treated unfairly due to their pregnancies or for reasons linked to their pregnancies. Consequently, there has been a regression in the actual execution of laws and regulations protecting pregnant workers. The study highlights the need to establish mechanisms to ensure that legislation protecting pregnant workers in the workplace achieves its intended purpose and is implemented properly. Consequently, this study presents pertinent suggestions about the implementation of labour legislation so that the employment rights of women and pregnant workers are adequately safeguarded. , Thesis (LLB) -- Faculty of Law, School of Mercantile Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Workplace discrimination based on pregnancy
- Authors: Mbongwana, Patiswa
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Discrimination in the workplace , Pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66246 , vital:74445
- Description: In the past, South Africa was marked by widespread discriminatory practices, many of which still exist to date. This study investigates the persistent discrimination against pregnant women. The study revealed that in South Africa, pregnant women continue to face discrimination in employment and are often denied the right to go on maternity leave, nursing or breastfeeding and childcare facilities. Presently, pregnancy is listed as a prohibited ground for discrimination in the South African Constitution as well as many ILO Conventions. Similarly, the South African labour law framework which gives effect to the Constitution provides for the protection of women and pregnant workers. This protection comes in the form of measures that proscribe dismissal and discrimination based on. Despite these legislation, this study finds that the less favorable treatment of women and pregnant workers in South African workplaces has become increasingly common, and this has turned into a contentious subject. This study focused on labour legislation that has been developed to safeguard pregnant women in the workplace in light of applicable constitutional protections. Notwithstanding these legislative protections for pregnant women in the workplace, the analysis shows that many pregnant women continue to be treated unfairly due to their pregnancies or for reasons linked to their pregnancies. Consequently, there has been a regression in the actual execution of laws and regulations protecting pregnant workers. The study highlights the need to establish mechanisms to ensure that legislation protecting pregnant workers in the workplace achieves its intended purpose and is implemented properly. Consequently, this study presents pertinent suggestions about the implementation of labour legislation so that the employment rights of women and pregnant workers are adequately safeguarded. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of Mercantile Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mbongwana, Patiswa
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Discrimination in the workplace , Pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66246 , vital:74445
- Description: In the past, South Africa was marked by widespread discriminatory practices, many of which still exist to date. This study investigates the persistent discrimination against pregnant women. The study revealed that in South Africa, pregnant women continue to face discrimination in employment and are often denied the right to go on maternity leave, nursing or breastfeeding and childcare facilities. Presently, pregnancy is listed as a prohibited ground for discrimination in the South African Constitution as well as many ILO Conventions. Similarly, the South African labour law framework which gives effect to the Constitution provides for the protection of women and pregnant workers. This protection comes in the form of measures that proscribe dismissal and discrimination based on. Despite these legislation, this study finds that the less favorable treatment of women and pregnant workers in South African workplaces has become increasingly common, and this has turned into a contentious subject. This study focused on labour legislation that has been developed to safeguard pregnant women in the workplace in light of applicable constitutional protections. Notwithstanding these legislative protections for pregnant women in the workplace, the analysis shows that many pregnant women continue to be treated unfairly due to their pregnancies or for reasons linked to their pregnancies. Consequently, there has been a regression in the actual execution of laws and regulations protecting pregnant workers. The study highlights the need to establish mechanisms to ensure that legislation protecting pregnant workers in the workplace achieves its intended purpose and is implemented properly. Consequently, this study presents pertinent suggestions about the implementation of labour legislation so that the employment rights of women and pregnant workers are adequately safeguarded. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of Mercantile Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Businge, Charles Bitamazire, Longo-Mbenza , Benjamin, Kengne, Andre Pascal
- Authors: Businge, Charles Bitamazire , Longo-Mbenza , Benjamin , Kengne, Andre Pascal
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Africa , Iodine , Pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5882 , vital:44662 , https://DOI:10.1186/s13643-019-1092-7
- Description: Background: Insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy is associated with many adverse pregnancy outcomes. About 90% of African countries are at risk of iodine deficiency due to poor soils and dietary goitrogens. Pregnancy predisposes to insufficient iodine nutrition secondary to increased physiological demand and increased renal loss. Iodine deficiency is re-emerging in countries thought to be replete with pregnant women being the most affected. This review seeks to identify the degree of iodine nutrition in pregnancy on the entire African continent before and after the implementation of national iodization programmes. Methods: A systematic search of published literature will be conducted for observational studies that directly determined the prevalence of insufficient iodine intake among pregnant women in Africa. Electronic databases and grey literature will be searched for baseline data before the implementation of population-based iodine supplementation and for follow-up data up to December 2018. Screening of identified articles and data extraction will be conducted independently by two investigators. Risk of bias and methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using a risk of bias tool. Appropriate meta-analytic techniques will be used to pool prevalence estimates from studies with similar features, overall and by major characteristics including the region of the study, time period (before and after implementation of iodization programmes), sample size and age. Heterogeneity of the estimates across studies will be quantified and publication bias investigated. This protocol is reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines. Discussion: This review will help ascertain the impact of national iodization programmes on the iodine nutrition status in pregnancy in Africa and advise policy on the necessity for monitoring and mitigating iodine deficiency in pregnancy in Africa. This review is part of a thesis that will be submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, for the award of a PhD in Medicine whose protocol has been granted ethics approval (UCT HREC 135/2018). In addition, the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018099434 Keywords: Iodine, Insufficiency, Pregnancy, Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Businge, Charles Bitamazire , Longo-Mbenza , Benjamin , Kengne, Andre Pascal
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Africa , Iodine , Pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5882 , vital:44662 , https://DOI:10.1186/s13643-019-1092-7
- Description: Background: Insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy is associated with many adverse pregnancy outcomes. About 90% of African countries are at risk of iodine deficiency due to poor soils and dietary goitrogens. Pregnancy predisposes to insufficient iodine nutrition secondary to increased physiological demand and increased renal loss. Iodine deficiency is re-emerging in countries thought to be replete with pregnant women being the most affected. This review seeks to identify the degree of iodine nutrition in pregnancy on the entire African continent before and after the implementation of national iodization programmes. Methods: A systematic search of published literature will be conducted for observational studies that directly determined the prevalence of insufficient iodine intake among pregnant women in Africa. Electronic databases and grey literature will be searched for baseline data before the implementation of population-based iodine supplementation and for follow-up data up to December 2018. Screening of identified articles and data extraction will be conducted independently by two investigators. Risk of bias and methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using a risk of bias tool. Appropriate meta-analytic techniques will be used to pool prevalence estimates from studies with similar features, overall and by major characteristics including the region of the study, time period (before and after implementation of iodization programmes), sample size and age. Heterogeneity of the estimates across studies will be quantified and publication bias investigated. This protocol is reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines. Discussion: This review will help ascertain the impact of national iodization programmes on the iodine nutrition status in pregnancy in Africa and advise policy on the necessity for monitoring and mitigating iodine deficiency in pregnancy in Africa. This review is part of a thesis that will be submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, for the award of a PhD in Medicine whose protocol has been granted ethics approval (UCT HREC 135/2018). In addition, the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018099434 Keywords: Iodine, Insufficiency, Pregnancy, Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
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