Poly methyl methacrylate films containing metallophthalocyanines in the presence of CdTe quantum dots
- Britton, Jonathan, Durmus, Mahmut, Chauke, Vongani, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Britton, Jonathan , Durmus, Mahmut , Chauke, Vongani , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241629 , vital:50956 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.09.017"
- Description: Non-linear optical (NLO) parameters were determined for phthalocyanine complexes containing In, Ga and Zn as central metals when embedded in poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer in the absence and presence of quantum dots (QDs) in an effort to create the most optimal optical limiting material. The QDs employed were CdTe–TGA (TGA = thioglylcolic acid). Triplet lifetimes generally increased as the value of the ratio of absorption cross sections of the excited state to that of the ground state (k) decreased on addition of CdTe–TGA to the phthalocyanines. The saturation energy density (Fsat) values were generally smaller in the films when compared to the solutions. Fsat, Ilim, Im[χ(3)]/α and γ all gave values which were of optimal range (i.e. the Im[χ(3)]/α and γ values were high enough to ensure adequate optical limiting but not too high to make the compounds behave like optical filters. Also, the Fsat and Ilim values were small enough to mean that the optical limiting process started at an intensity which was not too high) for complex 10 containing Zn central metal and tetrasubstituted with amino groups.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Britton, Jonathan , Durmus, Mahmut , Chauke, Vongani , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241629 , vital:50956 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.09.017"
- Description: Non-linear optical (NLO) parameters were determined for phthalocyanine complexes containing In, Ga and Zn as central metals when embedded in poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer in the absence and presence of quantum dots (QDs) in an effort to create the most optimal optical limiting material. The QDs employed were CdTe–TGA (TGA = thioglylcolic acid). Triplet lifetimes generally increased as the value of the ratio of absorption cross sections of the excited state to that of the ground state (k) decreased on addition of CdTe–TGA to the phthalocyanines. The saturation energy density (Fsat) values were generally smaller in the films when compared to the solutions. Fsat, Ilim, Im[χ(3)]/α and γ all gave values which were of optimal range (i.e. the Im[χ(3)]/α and γ values were high enough to ensure adequate optical limiting but not too high to make the compounds behave like optical filters. Also, the Fsat and Ilim values were small enough to mean that the optical limiting process started at an intensity which was not too high) for complex 10 containing Zn central metal and tetrasubstituted with amino groups.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Predicted mbira found
- Authors: Tracey, Andrew
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59732 , vital:27643 , http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v9i3.1908
- Description: This article is written as a follow-up to my article “The original African mbira?” (1972). I can report that an instrument which I predicted to have existed in that article actually did/does exist! In the original article I compared the tuning layouts of two related present-day members of the mbira family, hera, also called matepe, (found in northern Zimbabwe and northeast Zimbabwe into Mozambique) and nyonganyonga (found in central Mozambique, from Mutare, Zimbabwe to Beira, Mozambique and also into southern Malawi).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Tracey, Andrew
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59732 , vital:27643 , http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v9i3.1908
- Description: This article is written as a follow-up to my article “The original African mbira?” (1972). I can report that an instrument which I predicted to have existed in that article actually did/does exist! In the original article I compared the tuning layouts of two related present-day members of the mbira family, hera, also called matepe, (found in northern Zimbabwe and northeast Zimbabwe into Mozambique) and nyonganyonga (found in central Mozambique, from Mutare, Zimbabwe to Beira, Mozambique and also into southern Malawi).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Preliminary assessment of the gender aspects of disaster vulnerability and loss of human life in South Africa
- Tandlich, Roman, Chirenda, Tatenda G, Srinivas, Sunitha C
- Authors: Tandlich, Roman , Chirenda, Tatenda G , Srinivas, Sunitha C
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76183 , vital:30518 , https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v5i2.84
- Description: South Africa has reached a medium level of human development and has a heterogeneous situation with respect to disaster risk management. In this article, a preliminary assessment of the gender aspects of disaster vulnerability and fatalities is presented. The United Nations, the Health Systems Trust and Statistics South Africa were used as data sources for the following gender-segregated values: the life expectancy at birth, unemployment rates, the human development index values, the maternal mortality rates and the number of deaths from unnatural and non-natural causes. The relevant inequality indices were then calculated and used to draw conclusions regarding the gender aspects of disaster risk management in South Africa. Results of the calculations indicate that between 1980 and 2011 men were 10% more vulnerable with respect to their health status. However, the gender differences have been decreasing in recent years. Access of women to healthcare is decreasing with time, potentially decreasing the recovery potential of whole families. Women are more economically vulnerable than men in South Africa, as they are 16.3% – 33% more likely to be unemployed than men. Educational status of both genders in South Africa is comparable based on literacy and enrolment rates at primary and secondary level. On the other hand, men are five times more likely to suffer fatal injuries during disasters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Tandlich, Roman , Chirenda, Tatenda G , Srinivas, Sunitha C
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76183 , vital:30518 , https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v5i2.84
- Description: South Africa has reached a medium level of human development and has a heterogeneous situation with respect to disaster risk management. In this article, a preliminary assessment of the gender aspects of disaster vulnerability and fatalities is presented. The United Nations, the Health Systems Trust and Statistics South Africa were used as data sources for the following gender-segregated values: the life expectancy at birth, unemployment rates, the human development index values, the maternal mortality rates and the number of deaths from unnatural and non-natural causes. The relevant inequality indices were then calculated and used to draw conclusions regarding the gender aspects of disaster risk management in South Africa. Results of the calculations indicate that between 1980 and 2011 men were 10% more vulnerable with respect to their health status. However, the gender differences have been decreasing in recent years. Access of women to healthcare is decreasing with time, potentially decreasing the recovery potential of whole families. Women are more economically vulnerable than men in South Africa, as they are 16.3% – 33% more likely to be unemployed than men. Educational status of both genders in South Africa is comparable based on literacy and enrolment rates at primary and secondary level. On the other hand, men are five times more likely to suffer fatal injuries during disasters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Prevalence of sustainability reporting practices of a sample of listed companies on established and emerging stock exchanges
- Turk, Brendan K, Shackleton, Charlie M, Whittington-Jones, Kevin J
- Authors: Turk, Brendan K , Shackleton, Charlie M , Whittington-Jones, Kevin J
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60995 , vital:27908 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i1.234
- Description: The business sector has a substantial role in addressing current environmental issues and concerns. Consequently, there is a growing adoption of corporate sustainability principles and practices across all market sectors. This study examined four developed and four emerging stock markets and the sustainability reporting practices of the top 20 and bottom 20 companies in each. The results illustrate that the developed market sector was more advanced in its corporate sustainability reporting, both in the proportion of companies issuing a sustainability report (approximately 60 per cent) and the proportion of company webpages dedicated to sustainability reporting. This difference was largely due to the effect of the top 20 companies. There was little difference between developed and developing markets when only the bottom 20 companies were considered, of which less than one-third provided sustainability reports. These results show that sustainability reporting is prevalent in both developed and developing markets, especially among market leading companies, but that overall, most developing markets have some catching up to do.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Turk, Brendan K , Shackleton, Charlie M , Whittington-Jones, Kevin J
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60995 , vital:27908 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i1.234
- Description: The business sector has a substantial role in addressing current environmental issues and concerns. Consequently, there is a growing adoption of corporate sustainability principles and practices across all market sectors. This study examined four developed and four emerging stock markets and the sustainability reporting practices of the top 20 and bottom 20 companies in each. The results illustrate that the developed market sector was more advanced in its corporate sustainability reporting, both in the proportion of companies issuing a sustainability report (approximately 60 per cent) and the proportion of company webpages dedicated to sustainability reporting. This difference was largely due to the effect of the top 20 companies. There was little difference between developed and developing markets when only the bottom 20 companies were considered, of which less than one-third provided sustainability reports. These results show that sustainability reporting is prevalent in both developed and developing markets, especially among market leading companies, but that overall, most developing markets have some catching up to do.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Probing the sensitive and selective luminescent detection of peroxynitrite using thiol-capped CdTe and CdTe@ ZnS quantum dots
- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193757 , vital:45393 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.08.002"
- Description: CdTe and CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) capped with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), thioglycolic acid (TGA), or glutathione (GSH) have been employed for the first time as luminescent probes for the sensitive and selective detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in aqueous solution. The sensitivity of the proposed probe followed the order: MPA–TGA–CdTe@ZnS>GSH–TGA–CdTe@ZnS>MPA–CdTe QDs. The varying degree of quenching is elucidated based on the QD–thiolate bond of CdTe@ZnS being more sensitive to oxidation from ONOO− than CdTe. The selectivity of the probe in the presence of co-existing species followed the order: GSH–TGA–CdTe@ZnS>MPA–TGA–CdTe@ZnS>MPA–CdTe QDs. QDs capped with MPA showed less selectivity for ONOO− than GSH. The best limit of detection (LOD) of 12.6 nM was obtained for MPA–TGA–CdTe@ZnS QDs. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements indicated that the interaction between ONOO− and the QDs is static in nature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193757 , vital:45393 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.08.002"
- Description: CdTe and CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) capped with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), thioglycolic acid (TGA), or glutathione (GSH) have been employed for the first time as luminescent probes for the sensitive and selective detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in aqueous solution. The sensitivity of the proposed probe followed the order: MPA–TGA–CdTe@ZnS>GSH–TGA–CdTe@ZnS>MPA–CdTe QDs. The varying degree of quenching is elucidated based on the QD–thiolate bond of CdTe@ZnS being more sensitive to oxidation from ONOO− than CdTe. The selectivity of the probe in the presence of co-existing species followed the order: GSH–TGA–CdTe@ZnS>MPA–TGA–CdTe@ZnS>MPA–CdTe QDs. QDs capped with MPA showed less selectivity for ONOO− than GSH. The best limit of detection (LOD) of 12.6 nM was obtained for MPA–TGA–CdTe@ZnS QDs. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements indicated that the interaction between ONOO− and the QDs is static in nature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Protection of development-induced internally displaced persons under the African Charter: the case of the Endorois community of Northern Kenya
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127100 , vital:35955 , https://heinonline.org./HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ciminsfri46amp;div=15amp;g_sent=1amp;casa_token=amp;collection=journals
- Description: The discourse on development-induced displacement has highlighted the enormity of problems faced by communities who are forcefully removed to create room for development projects, while at the same time, exposed the insularity of national and international legal frameworks for their protection. Using the case of Centre for Minority Rights Development (CEMIRIDE) on behalf of the Endorois Community v Kenya (No 276/200), decided by the African Commission on Human and People's Rights in November 2009, this article analyses the support that regional and continental rights enforcement mechanisms could provide to the protection of IDPs, particularly those displaced by development projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127100 , vital:35955 , https://heinonline.org./HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ciminsfri46amp;div=15amp;g_sent=1amp;casa_token=amp;collection=journals
- Description: The discourse on development-induced displacement has highlighted the enormity of problems faced by communities who are forcefully removed to create room for development projects, while at the same time, exposed the insularity of national and international legal frameworks for their protection. Using the case of Centre for Minority Rights Development (CEMIRIDE) on behalf of the Endorois Community v Kenya (No 276/200), decided by the African Commission on Human and People's Rights in November 2009, this article analyses the support that regional and continental rights enforcement mechanisms could provide to the protection of IDPs, particularly those displaced by development projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Real-time distributed malicious traffic monitoring for honeypots and network telescopes
- Hunter, Samuel O, Irwin, Barry V W, Stalmans, Etienne
- Authors: Hunter, Samuel O , Irwin, Barry V W , Stalmans, Etienne
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429660 , vital:72630 , 10.1109/ISSA.2013.6641050
- Description: Network telescopes and honeypots have been used with great success to record malicious network traffic for analysis, however, this is often done off-line well after the traffic was observed. This has left us with only a cursory understanding of malicious hosts and no knowledge of the software they run, uptime or other malicious activity they may have participated in. This work covers a messaging framework (rDSN) that was developed to allow for the real-time analysis of malicious traffic. This data was captured from multiple, distributed honeypots and network telescopes. Data was collected over a period of two months from these data sensors. Using this data new techniques for malicious host analysis and re-identification in dynamic IP address space were explored. An Automated Reconnaissance (AR) Framework was developed to aid the process of data collection, this framework was responsible for gathering information from malicious hosts through both passive and active fingerprinting techniques. From the analysis of this data; correlations between malicious hosts were identified based on characteristics such as Operating System, targeted service, location and services running on the malicious hosts. An initial investigation in Latency Based Multilateration (LBM), a novel technique to assist in host re-identification was tested and proved successful as a supporting metric for host re-identification.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Hunter, Samuel O , Irwin, Barry V W , Stalmans, Etienne
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429660 , vital:72630 , 10.1109/ISSA.2013.6641050
- Description: Network telescopes and honeypots have been used with great success to record malicious network traffic for analysis, however, this is often done off-line well after the traffic was observed. This has left us with only a cursory understanding of malicious hosts and no knowledge of the software they run, uptime or other malicious activity they may have participated in. This work covers a messaging framework (rDSN) that was developed to allow for the real-time analysis of malicious traffic. This data was captured from multiple, distributed honeypots and network telescopes. Data was collected over a period of two months from these data sensors. Using this data new techniques for malicious host analysis and re-identification in dynamic IP address space were explored. An Automated Reconnaissance (AR) Framework was developed to aid the process of data collection, this framework was responsible for gathering information from malicious hosts through both passive and active fingerprinting techniques. From the analysis of this data; correlations between malicious hosts were identified based on characteristics such as Operating System, targeted service, location and services running on the malicious hosts. An initial investigation in Latency Based Multilateration (LBM), a novel technique to assist in host re-identification was tested and proved successful as a supporting metric for host re-identification.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Reconstructing the history of introduction and spread of the invasive species, Lantana, at three spatial scales in India
- Kannan, Ramesh, Shackleton, Charlie M, Shaanker, Ramanan U
- Authors: Kannan, Ramesh , Shackleton, Charlie M , Shaanker, Ramanan U
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181015 , vital:43687 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0365-z"
- Description: This study sought to reconstruct the history of Lantana invasion and spread in India by considering two questions; (a) from where, by who, and when were Lantana species introduced into India? and (b) given its long history in the country, is it still spreading or more or less stable? We critically evaluated the archival and historical information on plant imports by the European powers into India during the period before and after British colonization. We then reconstructed the path of spread by analyzing the spatio-temporal patterns of occurrence and distribution of Lantana in India at both the national and local scale using a GIS platform. The spread of Lantana across the globe started as early as the 1690s. The European colonial powers moved the plants from Latin America to Europe and to their colonial countries in the early 1800s. Lantana species were introduced in India from 1807 onwards and thereafter the colonial powers moved this plant across the country. Following its introduction into India, the spread of Lantana across the country, either through subsequent multiple introductions from Europe to different British cantonments, or through moving the plants between cantonments within India, were reasonably rapid spanning only a few decades. In the absence of a rigorous control program, the spread of Lantana has gone on unabated and thereby impacting both wildlife and biodiversity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Kannan, Ramesh , Shackleton, Charlie M , Shaanker, Ramanan U
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181015 , vital:43687 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0365-z"
- Description: This study sought to reconstruct the history of Lantana invasion and spread in India by considering two questions; (a) from where, by who, and when were Lantana species introduced into India? and (b) given its long history in the country, is it still spreading or more or less stable? We critically evaluated the archival and historical information on plant imports by the European powers into India during the period before and after British colonization. We then reconstructed the path of spread by analyzing the spatio-temporal patterns of occurrence and distribution of Lantana in India at both the national and local scale using a GIS platform. The spread of Lantana across the globe started as early as the 1690s. The European colonial powers moved the plants from Latin America to Europe and to their colonial countries in the early 1800s. Lantana species were introduced in India from 1807 onwards and thereafter the colonial powers moved this plant across the country. Following its introduction into India, the spread of Lantana across the country, either through subsequent multiple introductions from Europe to different British cantonments, or through moving the plants between cantonments within India, were reasonably rapid spanning only a few decades. In the absence of a rigorous control program, the spread of Lantana has gone on unabated and thereby impacting both wildlife and biodiversity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Reflections on the appropriate use of unjustly conferred privilege:
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142714 , vital:38104 , DOI: 10.3167/th.2013.6013502
- Description: What ought beneficiaries of injustice to do with the privileges unjustly conferred upon them? This article examines how those who have been privileged as a consequence of injustice can best contribute to struggles for justice. In particular, I ask whether we ought to renounce privileges which have been unjustly conferred, or whether it may be better to use such privileges in ways that help bring about justice. The article engages in particular with feminist literature on the topic of privilege, building on arguments provided in this literature to argue that in many cases the best contribution the privileged can make to struggles for justice, is to use unjustly conferred privileges in a way that ultimately undermines the unjust systems and structures that conferred them. I tentatively outline some ways in which the privileged can develop the sensibilities which will allow them to use their privilege in this way.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142714 , vital:38104 , DOI: 10.3167/th.2013.6013502
- Description: What ought beneficiaries of injustice to do with the privileges unjustly conferred upon them? This article examines how those who have been privileged as a consequence of injustice can best contribute to struggles for justice. In particular, I ask whether we ought to renounce privileges which have been unjustly conferred, or whether it may be better to use such privileges in ways that help bring about justice. The article engages in particular with feminist literature on the topic of privilege, building on arguments provided in this literature to argue that in many cases the best contribution the privileged can make to struggles for justice, is to use unjustly conferred privileges in a way that ultimately undermines the unjust systems and structures that conferred them. I tentatively outline some ways in which the privileged can develop the sensibilities which will allow them to use their privilege in this way.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Reflections on the appropriate use of unjustly conferred privilege:
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142314 , vital:38068 , DOI: 10.3167/th.2013.6013502
- Description: What ought beneficiaries of injustice to do with the privileges unjustly conferred upon them? This article examines how those who have been privileged as a consequence of injustice can best contribute to struggles for justice. In particular, I ask whether we ought to renounce privileges which have been unjustly conferred, or whether it may be better to use such privileges in ways that help bring about justice. The article engages in particular with feminist literature on the topic of privilege, building on arguments provided in this literature to argue that in many cases the best contribution the privileged can make to struggles for justice, is to use unjustly conferred privileges in a way that ultimately undermines the unjust systems and structures that conferred them. I tentatively outline some ways in which the privileged can develop the sensibilities which will allow them to use their privilege in this way.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142314 , vital:38068 , DOI: 10.3167/th.2013.6013502
- Description: What ought beneficiaries of injustice to do with the privileges unjustly conferred upon them? This article examines how those who have been privileged as a consequence of injustice can best contribute to struggles for justice. In particular, I ask whether we ought to renounce privileges which have been unjustly conferred, or whether it may be better to use such privileges in ways that help bring about justice. The article engages in particular with feminist literature on the topic of privilege, building on arguments provided in this literature to argue that in many cases the best contribution the privileged can make to struggles for justice, is to use unjustly conferred privileges in a way that ultimately undermines the unjust systems and structures that conferred them. I tentatively outline some ways in which the privileged can develop the sensibilities which will allow them to use their privilege in this way.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Rehearsing or reversing harmful masculine scripts?: South African men's romance narratives
- Vincent, Louise, Chiwandire, Desire
- Authors: Vincent, Louise , Chiwandire, Desire
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141844 , vital:38009 , DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2013.807081
- Description: In this Article we discuss the results of 42 in-depth qualitative interviews with young black South African men who self-identified as heterosexual and who reported that they were at the time of the interview or had at some time in their lives, experienced being ‘in love’ with a woman. South Africa, as is commonly pointed out, is in the throes of an epidemic of gender based violence. To declare oneself ‘in love’ potentially contradicts some of the core features of what Mogomotsi Mfalapitsa (IRIN, 2009) has referred to as ‘harmful masculinity’ and which he has argued is causally related to male violence against women. These features include emotional detachment, promiscuity, interest in casual sex rather than long-term engagement with a single partner, unwillingness to be ‘tied down’, the hierarchical ordering of gendered relations constructed as men's entitlement to women's ‘respect’ and the need to publically enact masculine heterosexuality. We are interested in whether, in these narratives, the research participants position themselves in opposition to these harmful precepts or, whether they confirm and reiteratively perform assumptions that can be construed as damaging to the prospects of generating more equitable, fair and loving relations between men and women.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Vincent, Louise , Chiwandire, Desire
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141844 , vital:38009 , DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2013.807081
- Description: In this Article we discuss the results of 42 in-depth qualitative interviews with young black South African men who self-identified as heterosexual and who reported that they were at the time of the interview or had at some time in their lives, experienced being ‘in love’ with a woman. South Africa, as is commonly pointed out, is in the throes of an epidemic of gender based violence. To declare oneself ‘in love’ potentially contradicts some of the core features of what Mogomotsi Mfalapitsa (IRIN, 2009) has referred to as ‘harmful masculinity’ and which he has argued is causally related to male violence against women. These features include emotional detachment, promiscuity, interest in casual sex rather than long-term engagement with a single partner, unwillingness to be ‘tied down’, the hierarchical ordering of gendered relations constructed as men's entitlement to women's ‘respect’ and the need to publically enact masculine heterosexuality. We are interested in whether, in these narratives, the research participants position themselves in opposition to these harmful precepts or, whether they confirm and reiteratively perform assumptions that can be construed as damaging to the prospects of generating more equitable, fair and loving relations between men and women.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Rhino poaching: supply and demand uncertain
- Collins, Alan, Fraser, Gavin, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Fraser, Gavin , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70476 , vital:29665 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.340.6137.1167-a
- Description: IN THEIR POLICY FORUM “LEGAL TRADE OF AFRICA’S RHINO HORNS” (1 MARCH, P. 1038), D. Biggs et al. point out that the trade ban on rhino horn has not been successful in reducing rhino poaching, which reached a record high of 668 in 2012. They argue that trade bans support illegal organizations, whereas a regulated legal market could reduce poaching effort and provide much-needed income for conservation. In making their case, Biggs et al. overlook a few important points.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Fraser, Gavin , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70476 , vital:29665 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.340.6137.1167-a
- Description: IN THEIR POLICY FORUM “LEGAL TRADE OF AFRICA’S RHINO HORNS” (1 MARCH, P. 1038), D. Biggs et al. point out that the trade ban on rhino horn has not been successful in reducing rhino poaching, which reached a record high of 668 in 2012. They argue that trade bans support illegal organizations, whereas a regulated legal market could reduce poaching effort and provide much-needed income for conservation. In making their case, Biggs et al. overlook a few important points.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Section 40 of the Consumer Protection Act in comparative perspective: aantekeninge
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70527 , vital:29672 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC144971
- Description: The purpose of this comment is to consider some of the problems with how we are to understand the role and purpose of section 40 of South Africa's Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 when viewed from a doctrinal perspective. Section 40 has the heading "Unconscionable conduct", and contains three subsections.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70527 , vital:29672 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC144971
- Description: The purpose of this comment is to consider some of the problems with how we are to understand the role and purpose of section 40 of South Africa's Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 when viewed from a doctrinal perspective. Section 40 has the heading "Unconscionable conduct", and contains three subsections.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
Seeing Fictions in Film
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275711 , vital:55072 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2013.818044"
- Description: Although its subtitle refers to an ‘epistemology of movies’, the claim at the heart of George M. Wilson’s dense and penetrating book is a bit of sophisticated phenomenology concerning our experience of narrative fiction films [Chs 2–4]. This phenomenological claim he calls the ‘Imagined Seeing Thesis’. When we watch narrative fiction films, we imagine that we are seeing real motion picture shots of the fictional events being portrayed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275711 , vital:55072 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2013.818044"
- Description: Although its subtitle refers to an ‘epistemology of movies’, the claim at the heart of George M. Wilson’s dense and penetrating book is a bit of sophisticated phenomenology concerning our experience of narrative fiction films [Chs 2–4]. This phenomenological claim he calls the ‘Imagined Seeing Thesis’. When we watch narrative fiction films, we imagine that we are seeing real motion picture shots of the fictional events being portrayed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Sexy girls, heroes and funny losers: gender representations in children's TV around the world edited by Maya Gotz and Dafna Lemish
- Authors: Boshoff, Priscilla A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143505 , vital:38252 , DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2013.839116
- Description: Gotz and Lemish have brought together in this volume a range of research which derives from the project they initiated in 2007 from the International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI). Researchers in 24 countries around the world participated in this unique project, and the results, discussed at the 2008 and 2010 Prix Jeunesse International, prompted hopes that the producers of children's television would be persuaded to pay more concerted attention to issues of gender in their programming. Whether or not such a utopian outcome might be expected from this initiative is open to future question. For our immediate purposes however, the value of this collection is that it draws together in one volume some of the results from both the original quantitative survey and the subsequent qualitative analyses that examined specific themes emerging from the data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Boshoff, Priscilla A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143505 , vital:38252 , DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2013.839116
- Description: Gotz and Lemish have brought together in this volume a range of research which derives from the project they initiated in 2007 from the International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI). Researchers in 24 countries around the world participated in this unique project, and the results, discussed at the 2008 and 2010 Prix Jeunesse International, prompted hopes that the producers of children's television would be persuaded to pay more concerted attention to issues of gender in their programming. Whether or not such a utopian outcome might be expected from this initiative is open to future question. For our immediate purposes however, the value of this collection is that it draws together in one volume some of the results from both the original quantitative survey and the subsequent qualitative analyses that examined specific themes emerging from the data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Silica nanoparticles grafted with phthalocyanines
- Fashina, Adebayo, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Fashina, Adebayo , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232545 , vital:50001 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C3NJ00439B"
- Description: Silica nanoparticles grafted with phthalocyanines (tetra-substituted non-peripherally with 4-carboxyphenoxy and 3-carboxyphenoxy groups) have been synthesized, characterized and their photophysical properties evaluated in solution. The phthalocyanine dyes have a free carboxyl group facilitating the covalent attachment of the dye onto the silica surface via ester bond formation. The photophysical properties of the hybrid nanoparticles show higher fluorescence and triplet quantum yields as well as longer triplet lifetimes as compared to the free phthalocyanines. The triplet quantum yields were found to be higher for the phthalocyanines with ester bonds as compared to the amide bonded linkages. The silica nanoparticles were also studied in artificial lysosomal fluid over a period of 96 h and the dissolution of the nanoparticles was monitored and confirmed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Fashina, Adebayo , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232545 , vital:50001 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C3NJ00439B"
- Description: Silica nanoparticles grafted with phthalocyanines (tetra-substituted non-peripherally with 4-carboxyphenoxy and 3-carboxyphenoxy groups) have been synthesized, characterized and their photophysical properties evaluated in solution. The phthalocyanine dyes have a free carboxyl group facilitating the covalent attachment of the dye onto the silica surface via ester bond formation. The photophysical properties of the hybrid nanoparticles show higher fluorescence and triplet quantum yields as well as longer triplet lifetimes as compared to the free phthalocyanines. The triplet quantum yields were found to be higher for the phthalocyanines with ester bonds as compared to the amide bonded linkages. The silica nanoparticles were also studied in artificial lysosomal fluid over a period of 96 h and the dissolution of the nanoparticles was monitored and confirmed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
South African quality of life trends over three decades, 1980–2010
- Authors: Moller, Valerie
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67145 , vital:29040 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0120-y
- Description: publisher version , The South African Quality of Life Trends study has tracked the subjective well-being of South Africans in ten waves from 1983 to 2010. The paper presents the SAQoL trendline of life satisfaction, happiness and perceptions of life getting better or worse against the backdrop of the transition from apartheid to democracy. Subjective well-being peaked in the month following the first open elections in April 1994 when black and white South Africans were equally satisfied and happy at levels found in other democratic societies. But post-election euphoria was short-lived and levels of well-being dropped the following year and racial inequalities in evaluations of life re-emerged. The tenth and latest wave in the study was conducted a few months after South Africa’s successful hosting of the Soccer World Cup. In 2010, the proportions of all South Africans expressing satisfaction, happiness and optimism was among the highest since the coming of democracy—just over half stated they were satisfied, close on two-thirds were happy, and half felt life was getting better. Nonetheless, while the standard of living has increased for a minority of formerly disadvantaged South Africans and a small black middle class has emerged, there are still huge disparities in both material and subjective well-being. In 1997 and 2010, South Africans were asked what would make them happier in future. In 2010, the majority of citizens still hoped for basic necessities, income and employment, to enhance their quality of life.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Moller, Valerie
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67145 , vital:29040 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0120-y
- Description: publisher version , The South African Quality of Life Trends study has tracked the subjective well-being of South Africans in ten waves from 1983 to 2010. The paper presents the SAQoL trendline of life satisfaction, happiness and perceptions of life getting better or worse against the backdrop of the transition from apartheid to democracy. Subjective well-being peaked in the month following the first open elections in April 1994 when black and white South Africans were equally satisfied and happy at levels found in other democratic societies. But post-election euphoria was short-lived and levels of well-being dropped the following year and racial inequalities in evaluations of life re-emerged. The tenth and latest wave in the study was conducted a few months after South Africa’s successful hosting of the Soccer World Cup. In 2010, the proportions of all South Africans expressing satisfaction, happiness and optimism was among the highest since the coming of democracy—just over half stated they were satisfied, close on two-thirds were happy, and half felt life was getting better. Nonetheless, while the standard of living has increased for a minority of formerly disadvantaged South Africans and a small black middle class has emerged, there are still huge disparities in both material and subjective well-being. In 1997 and 2010, South Africans were asked what would make them happier in future. In 2010, the majority of citizens still hoped for basic necessities, income and employment, to enhance their quality of life.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
Stock returns and Friday the 13th effect in five African countries
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/396127 , vital:69152 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aref/article/view/91060"
- Description: This study is concerned with Friday the 13th and daily stock market returns in five African countries. Using the MSCI Global Equity Indices during various periods, the evidence overwhelmingly suggests that there is no Friday the 13th effect.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/396127 , vital:69152 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aref/article/view/91060"
- Description: This study is concerned with Friday the 13th and daily stock market returns in five African countries. Using the MSCI Global Equity Indices during various periods, the evidence overwhelmingly suggests that there is no Friday the 13th effect.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Subterranean control of an arboreal pest: EPNs and EPFs for FCM
- Moore, Sean, Coombes, Candice, Manrakhan, Aruna, Kirkman, Wayne, Hill, Martin P, Ehlers, Ralf-Udo, Daneel, John-Henry, De Waal, Jeanne, Dames, Joanna F, Malan, Antoinettre
- Authors: Moore, Sean , Coombes, Candice , Manrakhan, Aruna , Kirkman, Wayne , Hill, Martin P , Ehlers, Ralf-Udo , Daneel, John-Henry , De Waal, Jeanne , Dames, Joanna F , Malan, Antoinettre
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425450 , vital:72241 , xlink:href="https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20133257699"
- Description: Control measures against the false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta, have traditionally ignored the soil-borne pupal stage. Recent trials with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) have targeted this life-stage. Application of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora to a citrus orchard floor, reduced T. leucotreta infestation of fruit by up to 81%. Conservation of H. zealandica through non-usage of a nematicide also resulted in dramatically lower fruit infestation. Dose-response and exposure time-response bioassays identified the three most promising fungal isolates against pupating T. leucotreta. Orchard trials showed persistence of these fungi in orchard soil for at least six months.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Moore, Sean , Coombes, Candice , Manrakhan, Aruna , Kirkman, Wayne , Hill, Martin P , Ehlers, Ralf-Udo , Daneel, John-Henry , De Waal, Jeanne , Dames, Joanna F , Malan, Antoinettre
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425450 , vital:72241 , xlink:href="https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20133257699"
- Description: Control measures against the false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta, have traditionally ignored the soil-borne pupal stage. Recent trials with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) have targeted this life-stage. Application of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora to a citrus orchard floor, reduced T. leucotreta infestation of fruit by up to 81%. Conservation of H. zealandica through non-usage of a nematicide also resulted in dramatically lower fruit infestation. Dose-response and exposure time-response bioassays identified the three most promising fungal isolates against pupating T. leucotreta. Orchard trials showed persistence of these fungi in orchard soil for at least six months.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Surface patterning using scanning electrochemical microscopy to locally trigger a “click” chemistry reaction
- Quinton, Damien, Maringa, Audacity, Griveau, Sophie, Nyokong, Tebello, Bedioui, Fethi
- Authors: Quinton, Damien , Maringa, Audacity , Griveau, Sophie , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241805 , vital:50971 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2013.03.021"
- Description: We report on the surface micropatterning of conductive surfaces via the electrochemical triggering of a click reaction, the copper(I) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) by SECM via a two-step approach: (i) functionalization on the entire surface with azido-aryl groups by using the diazonium approach followed by (ii) the covalent linkage of alkyne-bearing ferrocene by CuAAC within a local area by SECM. More precisely, the click reaction was triggered by Cu(I) catalyst generation for 30 min at the SECM tip positioned ≈ 10 μm above the azido-aryl modified surface. The dimension of the spot obtained under these conditions was ≈ 75 μm. The electrochemical imaging by SECM of the ultra thin area locally clicked with ferrocene moieties was made thanks to the electrocatalytic properties of the ferrocene modified surface towards ferrocyanide electrooxidation. This local clicking procedure opens the gate to further controlled functionalization of restricted small substrates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Quinton, Damien , Maringa, Audacity , Griveau, Sophie , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241805 , vital:50971 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2013.03.021"
- Description: We report on the surface micropatterning of conductive surfaces via the electrochemical triggering of a click reaction, the copper(I) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) by SECM via a two-step approach: (i) functionalization on the entire surface with azido-aryl groups by using the diazonium approach followed by (ii) the covalent linkage of alkyne-bearing ferrocene by CuAAC within a local area by SECM. More precisely, the click reaction was triggered by Cu(I) catalyst generation for 30 min at the SECM tip positioned ≈ 10 μm above the azido-aryl modified surface. The dimension of the spot obtained under these conditions was ≈ 75 μm. The electrochemical imaging by SECM of the ultra thin area locally clicked with ferrocene moieties was made thanks to the electrocatalytic properties of the ferrocene modified surface towards ferrocyanide electrooxidation. This local clicking procedure opens the gate to further controlled functionalization of restricted small substrates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013