Thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz annealed beyond its second phase inversion temperature
- Authors: Mthwesi, Zuko
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/46077 , vital:25577
- Description: Thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz annealed at 1000 ºC for 10 minutes has been studied. The aim was to study mechanisms of thermoluminescence in annealed synthetic quartz and to discuss the results in terms of the physics of point defects. The sample was irradiated with a beta dose of 10 Gy of beta radiation and then heated at a linear heating rate of 1 ºC.s-1 up to 500 ºC. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve consists of three glow peaks. Peak I at 74 0C (main peak) with high intensity as compared to the other two peaks. Peak II at 144 ºC is more intense than peak III at 180 ºC. This study was on the main peak (MP) at 74 ºC and peak III at 180 ºC. Kinetic analysis was carried out to determine the trap depth E, frequency factor s and the order of kinetics b of both peaks using the initial rise, peak shape, variable heating rate, glow curve deconvolution and isothermal TL methods. The values of kinetic parameters obtained were around 0.7 to 1.0 eV for trap depth and in the interval of 108 to 1015 s-¹ for frequency factor for both peaks. The effect of heating rate from 0.5 to 5 ºC.s-¹ on the TL peak intensity and peak temperature was observed. Also the effect of thermal quenching was observed at high heating rates. Since the TL glow curve has overlapping TL peaks, the Tm-Tstop method from 54 ºC up to 64 ºC and E -Tstop methods were introduced where a first order single peak was observed. Phototransfered thermoluminescence (PTTL) was investigated and characterized by three peaks. First PTTL peak I at 72 ºC, peak II at 134 ºC and peak III at 176 ºC. Analysis was carried out on peaks I and III for the effect of dose dependence from 20-200 Gy. Thermal fading was observed on PTTL peaks I and III, after storage time of 30 minutes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mthwesi, Zuko
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/46077 , vital:25577
- Description: Thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz annealed at 1000 ºC for 10 minutes has been studied. The aim was to study mechanisms of thermoluminescence in annealed synthetic quartz and to discuss the results in terms of the physics of point defects. The sample was irradiated with a beta dose of 10 Gy of beta radiation and then heated at a linear heating rate of 1 ºC.s-1 up to 500 ºC. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve consists of three glow peaks. Peak I at 74 0C (main peak) with high intensity as compared to the other two peaks. Peak II at 144 ºC is more intense than peak III at 180 ºC. This study was on the main peak (MP) at 74 ºC and peak III at 180 ºC. Kinetic analysis was carried out to determine the trap depth E, frequency factor s and the order of kinetics b of both peaks using the initial rise, peak shape, variable heating rate, glow curve deconvolution and isothermal TL methods. The values of kinetic parameters obtained were around 0.7 to 1.0 eV for trap depth and in the interval of 108 to 1015 s-¹ for frequency factor for both peaks. The effect of heating rate from 0.5 to 5 ºC.s-¹ on the TL peak intensity and peak temperature was observed. Also the effect of thermal quenching was observed at high heating rates. Since the TL glow curve has overlapping TL peaks, the Tm-Tstop method from 54 ºC up to 64 ºC and E -Tstop methods were introduced where a first order single peak was observed. Phototransfered thermoluminescence (PTTL) was investigated and characterized by three peaks. First PTTL peak I at 72 ºC, peak II at 134 ºC and peak III at 176 ºC. Analysis was carried out on peaks I and III for the effect of dose dependence from 20-200 Gy. Thermal fading was observed on PTTL peaks I and III, after storage time of 30 minutes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Thermoluminescence of the main peak in SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+: spectral and kinetics features of secondary emission detected in the ultra-violet region
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124197 , vital:35575 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.12.001
- Description: We report the thermoluminescence of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ measured in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum between 300 and 400 nm. Complementary measurements of X-ray excited optical luminescence confirm emission bands of stimulated luminescence in this region. As a further test, optically stimulated luminescence was also measured in this region. The glow curve measured at 1 °C s−1 following irradiation to various doses appears simple and single but is in reality a collection of several components. This was shown by results from the Tm-Tstop method on both ends of the peak, application of thermal cleaning beyond the peak maximum as well as the dependence of the peak on fading. The latter shows that new peaks appear as preceding ones fade. Kinetic analysis of some of the main peaks was carried out giving an activation energy of 0.6 eV. The implication of the results on measurement of phosphorescence, interpretation of dose response and fading is discussed.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124197 , vital:35575 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.12.001
- Description: We report the thermoluminescence of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ measured in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum between 300 and 400 nm. Complementary measurements of X-ray excited optical luminescence confirm emission bands of stimulated luminescence in this region. As a further test, optically stimulated luminescence was also measured in this region. The glow curve measured at 1 °C s−1 following irradiation to various doses appears simple and single but is in reality a collection of several components. This was shown by results from the Tm-Tstop method on both ends of the peak, application of thermal cleaning beyond the peak maximum as well as the dependence of the peak on fading. The latter shows that new peaks appear as preceding ones fade. Kinetic analysis of some of the main peaks was carried out giving an activation energy of 0.6 eV. The implication of the results on measurement of phosphorescence, interpretation of dose response and fading is discussed.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
Thermoluminescence of α-Al2O3: C, Mg: kinetic analysis of the main glow peak
- Kalita, Jitumani M, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/119844 , vital:34788 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.10.031
- Description: The kinetic analysis of the thermoluminescence of aluminium oxide doped with carbon and co-doped with magnesium (α-Al2O3:C,Mg) is reported. Measurements were made at 1 °C/s following beta irradiation to 1 Gy. The glow curve consists of a dominant peak at a peak-maximum Tm of 161 °C and six secondary peaks of weaker intensity at 42, 72, 193, 279, 330 and 370 °C. Kinetic analysis of the main peak, the subject of this report, was carried out using initial rise, whole glow peak, peak shape, curve fitting and variable heating rate methods. The order of kinetics of the main peak was determined as first order using various methods including the Tm–Tstop technique and the dependence of Tm on irradiation dose. The activation energy of the peak is about ~1.36 eV and the frequency factor of the order of 1014 s−1. The peak area changes with heating rate in a manner that shows that the peak is affected by thermal quenching. The activation energy of thermal quenching was evaluated as 0.99±0.08 eV. A comparison of analytical results from the main peak before and after correction for thermal quenching show that the kinetic parameters of the main peak are not that affected by thermal quenching.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/119844 , vital:34788 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.10.031
- Description: The kinetic analysis of the thermoluminescence of aluminium oxide doped with carbon and co-doped with magnesium (α-Al2O3:C,Mg) is reported. Measurements were made at 1 °C/s following beta irradiation to 1 Gy. The glow curve consists of a dominant peak at a peak-maximum Tm of 161 °C and six secondary peaks of weaker intensity at 42, 72, 193, 279, 330 and 370 °C. Kinetic analysis of the main peak, the subject of this report, was carried out using initial rise, whole glow peak, peak shape, curve fitting and variable heating rate methods. The order of kinetics of the main peak was determined as first order using various methods including the Tm–Tstop technique and the dependence of Tm on irradiation dose. The activation energy of the peak is about ~1.36 eV and the frequency factor of the order of 1014 s−1. The peak area changes with heating rate in a manner that shows that the peak is affected by thermal quenching. The activation energy of thermal quenching was evaluated as 0.99±0.08 eV. A comparison of analytical results from the main peak before and after correction for thermal quenching show that the kinetic parameters of the main peak are not that affected by thermal quenching.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
These aesthetics are not new: Post-Internet conditions and their effect on contemporary ideas of representation in Painting
- Authors: Grecia, Callan
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Art and the internet , Digital media -- Philosophy , Technology and the arts , Aesthetics , Painting -- Philosophy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/46333 , vital:25601
- Description: These Aesthetics Are Not New draws inspiration from the effect of digital technological progress on a consumer society. The Internet as a source of ubiquitous imagery reaffirms the idea that in a Post-Internet age there is nothing new, only conditions affected by a networked way of life. In this thesis I attempt to question contemporary ideas of representation and art making, specifically within the medium of oil paint, in a digitally consumed culture of instantaneous access. I interrogate the repetitive imagery that pervades our online experiences, and I speak about how I use my grasp of painterly knowledge and lexicon to replicate digital conditions in the real world to further cement my position that contemporary aesthetics, (digital, physical or both) are not new. I first introduce the reader to the idea of the Post-Internet, exploring the digital’s encroachment on our physical spaces and it’s relation to the politics of the medium of Oil Paint. I then address the concept of the Image-Object, and unpack this idea by comparing and contrasting emoji’s in relation to gestural mark making and the ascription of meaning through iconographic methods in Oil Painting. This culminates in an analysis of my physical practice in relation to these ideas, and concludes with my observations on the future of our ways of seeing, as affected by the Internet and technological progression.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Grecia, Callan
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Art and the internet , Digital media -- Philosophy , Technology and the arts , Aesthetics , Painting -- Philosophy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/46333 , vital:25601
- Description: These Aesthetics Are Not New draws inspiration from the effect of digital technological progress on a consumer society. The Internet as a source of ubiquitous imagery reaffirms the idea that in a Post-Internet age there is nothing new, only conditions affected by a networked way of life. In this thesis I attempt to question contemporary ideas of representation and art making, specifically within the medium of oil paint, in a digitally consumed culture of instantaneous access. I interrogate the repetitive imagery that pervades our online experiences, and I speak about how I use my grasp of painterly knowledge and lexicon to replicate digital conditions in the real world to further cement my position that contemporary aesthetics, (digital, physical or both) are not new. I first introduce the reader to the idea of the Post-Internet, exploring the digital’s encroachment on our physical spaces and it’s relation to the politics of the medium of Oil Paint. I then address the concept of the Image-Object, and unpack this idea by comparing and contrasting emoji’s in relation to gestural mark making and the ascription of meaning through iconographic methods in Oil Painting. This culminates in an analysis of my physical practice in relation to these ideas, and concludes with my observations on the future of our ways of seeing, as affected by the Internet and technological progression.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of an adult skills development centre in Hillbrow, Johannesburg, Gauteng
- Authors: Lombard, Danielle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Community centers -- Designs and plans Community centers -- Gauteng -- Johannesburg -- Hillbrow --Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38772 , vital:34964
- Description: This treatise is concerned with the design of an Adult Skills Development Centre in Hillbrow, Johannesburg. The project stems from a personal perception with an understanding of the city as a “place of community” and a perceived need to provide accessible adult education for previously disadvantage communities. The methodology employed in this study is qualitative in nature and the research is concerned with reaching some understanding of community and public space in city structure. This study identifies the broken link in the urban context of Johannesburg, which lacks welldefined public spaces. It, therefore, supports the need for an extension of the existing urban fabric by means of educational and community facilities and well-integrated and connected public spaces. The building within the city of Johannesburg will aim to create a sense of ‘place’ and identity within a multi-cultural society what might unlock the potential for future development in the Inner City. The Skills Development Centre could also act as a social catalyst for further development by activating the most pedestrianized routes along Klein Street and Pretoria Street which will strengthen the connection of the inner city. The difficulty of insensitively placing a new contemporary building into a defined urban context with a historical architectural fabric, was explored through acquiring a critical understanding of both the broader context of Johannesburg and the Inner City as well as its immediate surroundings. This was resolved in the development of a design that acknowledges both place and programme within, the past and present, in a coherent well defined architectural expression.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Lombard, Danielle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Community centers -- Designs and plans Community centers -- Gauteng -- Johannesburg -- Hillbrow --Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38772 , vital:34964
- Description: This treatise is concerned with the design of an Adult Skills Development Centre in Hillbrow, Johannesburg. The project stems from a personal perception with an understanding of the city as a “place of community” and a perceived need to provide accessible adult education for previously disadvantage communities. The methodology employed in this study is qualitative in nature and the research is concerned with reaching some understanding of community and public space in city structure. This study identifies the broken link in the urban context of Johannesburg, which lacks welldefined public spaces. It, therefore, supports the need for an extension of the existing urban fabric by means of educational and community facilities and well-integrated and connected public spaces. The building within the city of Johannesburg will aim to create a sense of ‘place’ and identity within a multi-cultural society what might unlock the potential for future development in the Inner City. The Skills Development Centre could also act as a social catalyst for further development by activating the most pedestrianized routes along Klein Street and Pretoria Street which will strengthen the connection of the inner city. The difficulty of insensitively placing a new contemporary building into a defined urban context with a historical architectural fabric, was explored through acquiring a critical understanding of both the broader context of Johannesburg and the Inner City as well as its immediate surroundings. This was resolved in the development of a design that acknowledges both place and programme within, the past and present, in a coherent well defined architectural expression.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of a community health centre for Bethelsdorp
- Authors: Marais, Mariska
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Medical centers -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans Health facilities -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38841 , vital:35006
- Description: This treatise was inspired by concern about the well-being of the less fortunate and their poor living conditions in township environments in South Africa. The proposal is a design of a community health centre in the township of Bethelsdorp, Port Elizabeth. The intervention will act as a safe space between home and large-scale hospitals while creating a positive urban space within a monotonous environment. The treatise engages with the issues and methods related to the design of a community health centre in the township environment to inform the final design proposal. It starts with an investigation into the theories of urban structure and public spaces in South African townships, after which it explores the building type. The building type is investigated in terms of the healthcare system in South Africa (with its emphasis on Port Elizabeth) , and the interrogation of community health centres by means of analysing carefully chosen precedents. Lastly, the nature of townships and township architecture is explored to apply this to the context of Bethelsdorp and the direct area the centre will affect. The architectural design is the response based on the interrogation. The centre intends to help as many citizens as it can, by providing a variety of services in an area that it will help to be the official heart of Bethelsdorp.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Marais, Mariska
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Medical centers -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans Health facilities -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38841 , vital:35006
- Description: This treatise was inspired by concern about the well-being of the less fortunate and their poor living conditions in township environments in South Africa. The proposal is a design of a community health centre in the township of Bethelsdorp, Port Elizabeth. The intervention will act as a safe space between home and large-scale hospitals while creating a positive urban space within a monotonous environment. The treatise engages with the issues and methods related to the design of a community health centre in the township environment to inform the final design proposal. It starts with an investigation into the theories of urban structure and public spaces in South African townships, after which it explores the building type. The building type is investigated in terms of the healthcare system in South Africa (with its emphasis on Port Elizabeth) , and the interrogation of community health centres by means of analysing carefully chosen precedents. Lastly, the nature of townships and township architecture is explored to apply this to the context of Bethelsdorp and the direct area the centre will affect. The architectural design is the response based on the interrogation. The centre intends to help as many citizens as it can, by providing a variety of services in an area that it will help to be the official heart of Bethelsdorp.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of a student-resource centre in Central, Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Harmse, Kim
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Student unions -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans Architecture -- Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39065 , vital:35032
- Description: This study investigates the making of a Student-Resource Centre in Central, Port Elizabeth. The project evolved from the situation in Central, where there is an increase in the student demographic, due to the increase in registered students at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). This has resulted in a shortage of student housing on campus; and therefore many students are living in the inner city where housing is more affordable but transport to campus is still accessible. These students are decentralised from the main University Campus; and they do not share the same 24-hour access to NMMU facilities, as do those living on-campus, or in Summerstrand. This treatise proposes a student resource centre within Central, located near the highest density of students, to provide study facilities, off-campus student health services, off-campus computer facil-ities, student-connection spaces, as well as a link to the broader community through student-oriented retail/commercial facilities, such as printing/copy centres, food markets, laundry facilities et al., as well as providing additional student accommoda¬tion in the form of student flats. The primary design aim of this treatise, is to design a student resource centre that provides the decen¬tralised students in the inner city with equal access to the same standard of facilities as the students that reside on-campus and within the more expen¬sive area of Summerstrand, through the study and implementation of contemporary learning space theories that are relevant to the 21st Century Stu¬dent. Qualitative research methodologies were used, using both primary and secondary sources, in the methods, as laid out herein.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Harmse, Kim
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Student unions -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans Architecture -- Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39065 , vital:35032
- Description: This study investigates the making of a Student-Resource Centre in Central, Port Elizabeth. The project evolved from the situation in Central, where there is an increase in the student demographic, due to the increase in registered students at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). This has resulted in a shortage of student housing on campus; and therefore many students are living in the inner city where housing is more affordable but transport to campus is still accessible. These students are decentralised from the main University Campus; and they do not share the same 24-hour access to NMMU facilities, as do those living on-campus, or in Summerstrand. This treatise proposes a student resource centre within Central, located near the highest density of students, to provide study facilities, off-campus student health services, off-campus computer facil-ities, student-connection spaces, as well as a link to the broader community through student-oriented retail/commercial facilities, such as printing/copy centres, food markets, laundry facilities et al., as well as providing additional student accommoda¬tion in the form of student flats. The primary design aim of this treatise, is to design a student resource centre that provides the decen¬tralised students in the inner city with equal access to the same standard of facilities as the students that reside on-campus and within the more expen¬sive area of Summerstrand, through the study and implementation of contemporary learning space theories that are relevant to the 21st Century Stu¬dent. Qualitative research methodologies were used, using both primary and secondary sources, in the methods, as laid out herein.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of municipal council chamber for East London: an exploration of culture and identity in a contested socio-spatial landscape
- Authors: Malefane, Reetumetsi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal buildings -- South Africa -- East London -- Designs and plans Architecture -- South Africa -- East London -- Designs and plans , Architecture -- South Africa -- East London
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38761 , vital:34957
- Description: The treatise seeks to explore the notions of African identity and culture in post-apartheid public space through the design of a Municipal Council Chamber for East London on the site of the first hearings of the Truth and Reconciliations Commissions in South Africa. Public space in post-apartheid South Africa is still a contested subject, where histories and identities of culture are not equally represented. The design project seeks to facilitate an inclusion of subjugated narratives of African culture into public spaces through architectural representation of form and cultural practices through programme. A qualitative research methodology is utilised for the study, as the focus for the research is to examine and explore culture and identity through a theoretical lens, based on exploring the existing theory of Jonathon Noble ‘Questions of African Identity: White Skin, Black masks’. The aim is to examine how culture and identity in architecture of post-apartheid South Africa engages with African consciousness through spatial and physical themes to renegotiate identity of public spaces, where subjugated narratives can be equally represented. The treatise provides evidence that within the discourse of culture and architecture in South Africa, architectural hybridity can be used as a mechanism for forging a new identity of an African discourse, facilitated through a dialogue of dominant narratives of colonial rule and subjugated narratives of an African discourse. The study concludes that explorations of African themes in the post-apartheid landscape can contribute and uplift the socio-spatial landscape through presenting new perspectives of identity and culture that reflect the narrative of African identity and culture that has been excluded in these public spaces.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Malefane, Reetumetsi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal buildings -- South Africa -- East London -- Designs and plans Architecture -- South Africa -- East London -- Designs and plans , Architecture -- South Africa -- East London
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38761 , vital:34957
- Description: The treatise seeks to explore the notions of African identity and culture in post-apartheid public space through the design of a Municipal Council Chamber for East London on the site of the first hearings of the Truth and Reconciliations Commissions in South Africa. Public space in post-apartheid South Africa is still a contested subject, where histories and identities of culture are not equally represented. The design project seeks to facilitate an inclusion of subjugated narratives of African culture into public spaces through architectural representation of form and cultural practices through programme. A qualitative research methodology is utilised for the study, as the focus for the research is to examine and explore culture and identity through a theoretical lens, based on exploring the existing theory of Jonathon Noble ‘Questions of African Identity: White Skin, Black masks’. The aim is to examine how culture and identity in architecture of post-apartheid South Africa engages with African consciousness through spatial and physical themes to renegotiate identity of public spaces, where subjugated narratives can be equally represented. The treatise provides evidence that within the discourse of culture and architecture in South Africa, architectural hybridity can be used as a mechanism for forging a new identity of an African discourse, facilitated through a dialogue of dominant narratives of colonial rule and subjugated narratives of an African discourse. The study concludes that explorations of African themes in the post-apartheid landscape can contribute and uplift the socio-spatial landscape through presenting new perspectives of identity and culture that reflect the narrative of African identity and culture that has been excluded in these public spaces.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The‘person without the person’ in the early work of Paul Emmanuel:
- Authors: Bronner, Irene
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147737 , vital:38666 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2012.11877161
- Description: Paul Emmanuel’s early prints and incised drawings represent the human body as a presence that either is not easily seen, actively disappears or erases itself, or is entirely absent. In doing so, these still life and landscape works metaphorically explore inner, psychological ‘landscapes’, both conscious and unconscious. By drawing deliberate attention to his oblique and deceptive surfaces, Emmanuel’s process, medium and subject matter may be said to express subjectivity as a process of materialisation, as formed through the contingencies and inconsistencies of vision, experience and memory. To ‘see’ this process, and to understand what Emmanuel means by ‘seeing and not seeing’, I consider two strategies that Emmanuel arguably employs to disrupt viewing: partial, fragmented and multiple perspectives and empty clothing abandoned in landscapes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Bronner, Irene
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147737 , vital:38666 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2012.11877161
- Description: Paul Emmanuel’s early prints and incised drawings represent the human body as a presence that either is not easily seen, actively disappears or erases itself, or is entirely absent. In doing so, these still life and landscape works metaphorically explore inner, psychological ‘landscapes’, both conscious and unconscious. By drawing deliberate attention to his oblique and deceptive surfaces, Emmanuel’s process, medium and subject matter may be said to express subjectivity as a process of materialisation, as formed through the contingencies and inconsistencies of vision, experience and memory. To ‘see’ this process, and to understand what Emmanuel means by ‘seeing and not seeing’, I consider two strategies that Emmanuel arguably employs to disrupt viewing: partial, fragmented and multiple perspectives and empty clothing abandoned in landscapes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Thinking with Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice, Shylock, Caliban and the dynamics of social scale
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/454007 , vital:75304 , 10.4314/sisa.v29i1.3
- Description: Contemporary criticism seldom acknowledges Shakespeare’s sensitivity to longer-term historical trajectories. One such variable is social scale. If dramatic conflict in The Merchant of Venice is interpreted solely in terms of clashes between ethical character, social allegiance, and religious affiliation, at the end of the play these clashes persist as a morass of irreconcilables, unresolved and irresolvable. The audience is left in unconditioned liberty to make up its own mind. This paper argues that changing social scale provides a framework which allows the ethical dilemmas posed by The Merchant of Venice to be interpreted coherently, bringing us closer to the experience of ‘thinking with Shakespeare’. Shakespeare’s drama anticipates the rise of large-scale cosmopolitan society and, without underestimating the social tensions involved, challenges the audience to welcome an unknown new world appearing over the horizon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Thinking with Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice, Shylock, Caliban and the dynamics of social scale
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/454007 , vital:75304 , 10.4314/sisa.v29i1.3
- Description: Contemporary criticism seldom acknowledges Shakespeare’s sensitivity to longer-term historical trajectories. One such variable is social scale. If dramatic conflict in The Merchant of Venice is interpreted solely in terms of clashes between ethical character, social allegiance, and religious affiliation, at the end of the play these clashes persist as a morass of irreconcilables, unresolved and irresolvable. The audience is left in unconditioned liberty to make up its own mind. This paper argues that changing social scale provides a framework which allows the ethical dilemmas posed by The Merchant of Venice to be interpreted coherently, bringing us closer to the experience of ‘thinking with Shakespeare’. Shakespeare’s drama anticipates the rise of large-scale cosmopolitan society and, without underestimating the social tensions involved, challenges the audience to welcome an unknown new world appearing over the horizon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Third sector intervention and sustainable development : an evaluation of selected non-governmental organization supported projects in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Moyo, Thokozani Patience
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5774 , vital:29389
- Description: This study evaluates the impact of Third Sector- supported rural development projects in three rural communities of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It focusses on how interventions driven by this sector – denoted by, among others, local and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) - impact the lives and livelihoods of the rural poor. This is against the background of an established discourse that views NGOs as effective agents in the alleviation of poverty. The thesis contends that praise for the Third Sector is driven mostly by advocacy than based on systematic scientific evidence of the real impact of NGO-sponsored rural development interventions. Rural agricultural development projects supported by two Eastern Cape-based NGOs (the one a local NGO, and the other international) were selected for the study. A mini survey was conducted in the communities where the projects are located. Survey data were complemented by qualitative data obtained through focus groups, semi-structured and in-depth interviews as well as key informant interviews. The study found that whereas the projects had been established by the state later went moribund, they were resuscitated by the NGOs through a largely ‘bottom-up’ model of rural development intermediation. In other words, the interventions were resuscitated through a relatively robust prior engagement with project beneficiaries. As a result, while originally lacking a meaningful sense of local empowerment, ownership, and commitment, the projects had become revived and now played an important role in the livelihoods of some community members – even though social grants remained the primary and main source of income for those community members. Even so, the narratives of community members revealed what may be termed a ‘transformation paradox’ in the way the projects were implemented. The NGOs seemed to have replaced one kind of lop-sidedness in rural development (the exclusion of women) with another (the exclusion of men), by focussing on community projects that were ‘culturally’ deemed as ’women jobs’. In this way, the interventions appeared like a systematic attempt to do away with the ‘feminisation of rural poverty’ and entrench the ‘feminisation of rural development interventions’. The study concludes from these and other findings, that the key to understanding the significance and impact of Third Sector-supported development interventions in the rural arena – especially in the Eastern Cape context – is to go beyond the proliferation of NGOs and NGO-supported projects – and the broad sweep of advocacy that underpins it – and pay equally robust attention to systematically studying how these projects resonate at the grassroots, especially from a beneficiary perspective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Moyo, Thokozani Patience
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5774 , vital:29389
- Description: This study evaluates the impact of Third Sector- supported rural development projects in three rural communities of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It focusses on how interventions driven by this sector – denoted by, among others, local and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) - impact the lives and livelihoods of the rural poor. This is against the background of an established discourse that views NGOs as effective agents in the alleviation of poverty. The thesis contends that praise for the Third Sector is driven mostly by advocacy than based on systematic scientific evidence of the real impact of NGO-sponsored rural development interventions. Rural agricultural development projects supported by two Eastern Cape-based NGOs (the one a local NGO, and the other international) were selected for the study. A mini survey was conducted in the communities where the projects are located. Survey data were complemented by qualitative data obtained through focus groups, semi-structured and in-depth interviews as well as key informant interviews. The study found that whereas the projects had been established by the state later went moribund, they were resuscitated by the NGOs through a largely ‘bottom-up’ model of rural development intermediation. In other words, the interventions were resuscitated through a relatively robust prior engagement with project beneficiaries. As a result, while originally lacking a meaningful sense of local empowerment, ownership, and commitment, the projects had become revived and now played an important role in the livelihoods of some community members – even though social grants remained the primary and main source of income for those community members. Even so, the narratives of community members revealed what may be termed a ‘transformation paradox’ in the way the projects were implemented. The NGOs seemed to have replaced one kind of lop-sidedness in rural development (the exclusion of women) with another (the exclusion of men), by focussing on community projects that were ‘culturally’ deemed as ’women jobs’. In this way, the interventions appeared like a systematic attempt to do away with the ‘feminisation of rural poverty’ and entrench the ‘feminisation of rural development interventions’. The study concludes from these and other findings, that the key to understanding the significance and impact of Third Sector-supported development interventions in the rural arena – especially in the Eastern Cape context – is to go beyond the proliferation of NGOs and NGO-supported projects – and the broad sweep of advocacy that underpins it – and pay equally robust attention to systematically studying how these projects resonate at the grassroots, especially from a beneficiary perspective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Tillage and crop rotation effects on selected soil properties and wheat yield in a short term field experiment in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa
- Authors: Mtyobile, Mxolisi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Crop rotation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Cropping systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13414 , vital:39659
- Description: Severe land degradation associated with current conventional production systems have resulted in low production amongst the small scale farmers in the Eastern Cape. Inappropriate management practices cause depletion of organic matter and other essential nutrients leading to a decline in crop productivity. There is growing evidence that conservation agriculture (CA) practices involving no-tillage (NT) coupled with crop rotation and surface residue retention increases soil organic carbon (SOC) and other essential nutrients and therefore has potential to alleviate soil quality deterioration. A study was carried out to investigate the effects of tillage and crop rotation with crop residue retention on selected soil properties and on wheat yield in the Alice Jozini ecotope of the Eastern Cape. Specific objectives were to determine (i) the effect of crop rotation and tillage on soil SOC, NH4, NO3, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, soil pH and EC distribution at 0-5 cm, 5 cm -10 cm, 10 cm-20 cm (ii) the effect of crop rotation and tillage on soil bulk density, porosity and on soil water content (iii) the effect of crop rotation and tillage on wheat biomass and grain yield. Treatments were arranged as a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Tillage treatments included no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and were applied on the main plots while crop rotation treatments were applied as subplots. Crop residue retention treatments were applied as sub-sub plots. The rotational treatments were maize-fallow-maize (MFM), maize-fallow-soybean (MFS), maize-wheat-maize (MWM) and maize-wheat-soybean (MWS). However, the current study focused on tillage and crop rotation treatments under residue retention to give 8 treatments. Data from the field trials showed that NT with residue retention had significantly (p < 0.05) higher SOC, Total N, P, K, Ca and EC relative to CT. The MWS rotation under no-tillage (NT) with residue retention followed by MFS resulted in the progressive improvement in soil nutrient status. The correlations of SOC with various soil nutrients under study showed that the nature of the relationships between SOC and nutrient availability was consistent. Results on soil physical parameters showed that tillage had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on soil bulk density (ρb) and porosity whereas a significant effect on soil water content under NT was observed. Crop rotation had no significant effects (p > 0.05) on soil bulk density, porosity and soil moisture across the tillage treatments. The MWS rotation registered an increase in soil porosity in comparison with the MWM and MFM. Tillage x crop rotation interaction effects were significant (p < 0.05) on the measured porosity and soil water content. Soil bulk density showed negative correlation with soil porosity and soil water content (SWC) whereas porosity had a positive correlation with SWC. On yield parameters, results revealed that no significant (P>0.05) interaction of main effects with respect to wheat biomass and grain yield. Tillage had a significant (P<0.05) effect on wheat biomass only in season 2. Tillage and crop rotation effects were not significant (P>0.05) with regards to grain yield throughout the experimental period. Higher grain wheat biomass and grain yield were found in MWS rotation under NT with surface residue retention although not statistically significant. Correlation analysis revealed that wheat yield was positively correlated to SOC, P, and Total N. Therefore, combination of NT with MWS rotation with residue retention has the potential to significantly improve soil chemical properties and wheat grain yield whereas MWM followed by MWS crop rotation under NT showed an increase in soil porosity and soil water content.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mtyobile, Mxolisi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Crop rotation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Cropping systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13414 , vital:39659
- Description: Severe land degradation associated with current conventional production systems have resulted in low production amongst the small scale farmers in the Eastern Cape. Inappropriate management practices cause depletion of organic matter and other essential nutrients leading to a decline in crop productivity. There is growing evidence that conservation agriculture (CA) practices involving no-tillage (NT) coupled with crop rotation and surface residue retention increases soil organic carbon (SOC) and other essential nutrients and therefore has potential to alleviate soil quality deterioration. A study was carried out to investigate the effects of tillage and crop rotation with crop residue retention on selected soil properties and on wheat yield in the Alice Jozini ecotope of the Eastern Cape. Specific objectives were to determine (i) the effect of crop rotation and tillage on soil SOC, NH4, NO3, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, soil pH and EC distribution at 0-5 cm, 5 cm -10 cm, 10 cm-20 cm (ii) the effect of crop rotation and tillage on soil bulk density, porosity and on soil water content (iii) the effect of crop rotation and tillage on wheat biomass and grain yield. Treatments were arranged as a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Tillage treatments included no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and were applied on the main plots while crop rotation treatments were applied as subplots. Crop residue retention treatments were applied as sub-sub plots. The rotational treatments were maize-fallow-maize (MFM), maize-fallow-soybean (MFS), maize-wheat-maize (MWM) and maize-wheat-soybean (MWS). However, the current study focused on tillage and crop rotation treatments under residue retention to give 8 treatments. Data from the field trials showed that NT with residue retention had significantly (p < 0.05) higher SOC, Total N, P, K, Ca and EC relative to CT. The MWS rotation under no-tillage (NT) with residue retention followed by MFS resulted in the progressive improvement in soil nutrient status. The correlations of SOC with various soil nutrients under study showed that the nature of the relationships between SOC and nutrient availability was consistent. Results on soil physical parameters showed that tillage had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on soil bulk density (ρb) and porosity whereas a significant effect on soil water content under NT was observed. Crop rotation had no significant effects (p > 0.05) on soil bulk density, porosity and soil moisture across the tillage treatments. The MWS rotation registered an increase in soil porosity in comparison with the MWM and MFM. Tillage x crop rotation interaction effects were significant (p < 0.05) on the measured porosity and soil water content. Soil bulk density showed negative correlation with soil porosity and soil water content (SWC) whereas porosity had a positive correlation with SWC. On yield parameters, results revealed that no significant (P>0.05) interaction of main effects with respect to wheat biomass and grain yield. Tillage had a significant (P<0.05) effect on wheat biomass only in season 2. Tillage and crop rotation effects were not significant (P>0.05) with regards to grain yield throughout the experimental period. Higher grain wheat biomass and grain yield were found in MWS rotation under NT with surface residue retention although not statistically significant. Correlation analysis revealed that wheat yield was positively correlated to SOC, P, and Total N. Therefore, combination of NT with MWS rotation with residue retention has the potential to significantly improve soil chemical properties and wheat grain yield whereas MWM followed by MWS crop rotation under NT showed an increase in soil porosity and soil water content.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Tool wear monitoring in machining of stainless steel
- Authors: Odedeyi Peter Babatunde
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mechanical wear Machine-tools -- Monitoring
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEng
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15900 , vital:28288
- Description: monitoring systems for automated machines must be capable of operating on-line and interpret the working condition of machining process at a given point in time because it is an automated and unmanned system. But this has posed a challenge that lead to this research study. Generally, optimization of machining process can be categorized as minimization of tool wear, minimization of operating cost, maximization of process output and optimization of machine parameter. Tool wear is a complex phenomenon, capable of reducing surface quality, increases power consumption and increased reflection rate of machined parts. Tool wear has a direct effect on the quality of the surface finish for any given work-piece, dimensional precision and ultimately the cost of parts produced. Tool wear usually occur in combination with the principal wear mode which depends on cutting conditions, tool insert geometry, work piece and tool material. Therefore, there is a need to develop a continuous tool monitoring systems that would notify operator the state of tool to avoid tool failure or undesirable circumstances. Tool wear monitoring system for macro-milling has been studied using design and analysis of experiment (DOE) approach. Regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Box Behnken and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). These analysis tools were used to model the tool wear. Hence, further investigations were carried out on the data acquired using signal processing and Neural networks frame work to validate the model. The effects of cutting parameters are evaluated and the optimal cutting conditions are determined. The interaction of cutting parameters is established to illustrate the intrinsic relationship between cutting parameters, tool wear and material removal rate. It was observed that when working with stainless steel 316, a maximum tool wear value of 0.29mm was achieved through optimization at low values of feed about 0.06mm/rev, speed of 4050mm/min and depth of cut about 2mm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Odedeyi Peter Babatunde
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mechanical wear Machine-tools -- Monitoring
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEng
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15900 , vital:28288
- Description: monitoring systems for automated machines must be capable of operating on-line and interpret the working condition of machining process at a given point in time because it is an automated and unmanned system. But this has posed a challenge that lead to this research study. Generally, optimization of machining process can be categorized as minimization of tool wear, minimization of operating cost, maximization of process output and optimization of machine parameter. Tool wear is a complex phenomenon, capable of reducing surface quality, increases power consumption and increased reflection rate of machined parts. Tool wear has a direct effect on the quality of the surface finish for any given work-piece, dimensional precision and ultimately the cost of parts produced. Tool wear usually occur in combination with the principal wear mode which depends on cutting conditions, tool insert geometry, work piece and tool material. Therefore, there is a need to develop a continuous tool monitoring systems that would notify operator the state of tool to avoid tool failure or undesirable circumstances. Tool wear monitoring system for macro-milling has been studied using design and analysis of experiment (DOE) approach. Regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Box Behnken and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). These analysis tools were used to model the tool wear. Hence, further investigations were carried out on the data acquired using signal processing and Neural networks frame work to validate the model. The effects of cutting parameters are evaluated and the optimal cutting conditions are determined. The interaction of cutting parameters is established to illustrate the intrinsic relationship between cutting parameters, tool wear and material removal rate. It was observed that when working with stainless steel 316, a maximum tool wear value of 0.29mm was achieved through optimization at low values of feed about 0.06mm/rev, speed of 4050mm/min and depth of cut about 2mm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Tourism entrepreneurship: the contours of challenges faced by female-owned BnBs and Guesthouses in Mthatha, South Africa
- Hlanyane, Tabisa Monalisa, Acheampong, Kofi Owusu
- Authors: Hlanyane, Tabisa Monalisa , Acheampong, Kofi Owusu
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6563 , vital:46659 , https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_50_vol_6__4__2017.pdf
- Description: The purpose of the study was to investigate and discover the facts about the challenges of female entrepreneurs who are the owners of bed and breakfasts and guesthouses in Mthatha, and to find out whether these challenges have an impact in their business performance. By way of using a semi-structured survey, women who own guesthouses and bed and breakfast establishments were targeted by way of a purposive snowball sampling technique. The primary data collected indicated that female-entrepreneurs in Mthatha face a number of challenges including limited access to finance, seasonality, balancing work and family life, corruption/bribery, poor infrastructure, inability to attend seminars and workshops to network, poor customer service and lack of awareness to the required training/skills to function effectively. However, such women remain resilient to the aforementioned challenges, largely motivated by such factors linked to flexibility, the quest to remain independent and the belief in the opportunity and financial incentives that their operation represents. This study has implications for entrepreneurship and economic growth in South Africa and how vulnerable businesses including women’s require continuous support from government and private sector to remain competitive and economically sustainable.ackground:Context-specific factors influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant womenliving with HIV. Gaps exist in the understanding of the reasons for the variable outcomes of the prevention ofmother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme at the health facility level in South Africa. This study examinedadherence levels and reasons for non-adherence during pregnancy in a cohort of parturient women enrolled in thePMTCT programme in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study involving 1709 parturient women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Weconducted a multi-centre retrospective analysis of the mother-infant pair in the PMTCT electronic database in 2016.Semi-structured interviews of purposively selected parturient women with self-reported poor adherence (n= 177)were conducted to gain understanding of the main barriers to adherence. Binary logistic regression was used todetermine the independent predictors of ART non-adherence.Results:A high proportion (69.0%) of women reported perfect adherence. In the logistic regression analysis, afteradjusting for confounding factors, marital status, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and non-disclosure to a family memberwere the independent predictors of non-adherence. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed that drug-related side-effects, being away from home, forgetfulness, non-disclosure, stigma and work-related demand were among the mainreasons for non-adherence to ART.Conclusions:Non-adherence to the antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in this setting is associated withlifestyle behaviours, HIV-related stigma and ART side-effects. In order to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV,clinicians need to screen for these factors at every antenatal clinic visit.Keywords:Adherence, Non-adherence, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Elimination of mother-to-child transmission,Prevention of mother-to-child transmission, Stigma, South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Hlanyane, Tabisa Monalisa , Acheampong, Kofi Owusu
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6563 , vital:46659 , https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_50_vol_6__4__2017.pdf
- Description: The purpose of the study was to investigate and discover the facts about the challenges of female entrepreneurs who are the owners of bed and breakfasts and guesthouses in Mthatha, and to find out whether these challenges have an impact in their business performance. By way of using a semi-structured survey, women who own guesthouses and bed and breakfast establishments were targeted by way of a purposive snowball sampling technique. The primary data collected indicated that female-entrepreneurs in Mthatha face a number of challenges including limited access to finance, seasonality, balancing work and family life, corruption/bribery, poor infrastructure, inability to attend seminars and workshops to network, poor customer service and lack of awareness to the required training/skills to function effectively. However, such women remain resilient to the aforementioned challenges, largely motivated by such factors linked to flexibility, the quest to remain independent and the belief in the opportunity and financial incentives that their operation represents. This study has implications for entrepreneurship and economic growth in South Africa and how vulnerable businesses including women’s require continuous support from government and private sector to remain competitive and economically sustainable.ackground:Context-specific factors influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant womenliving with HIV. Gaps exist in the understanding of the reasons for the variable outcomes of the prevention ofmother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme at the health facility level in South Africa. This study examinedadherence levels and reasons for non-adherence during pregnancy in a cohort of parturient women enrolled in thePMTCT programme in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study involving 1709 parturient women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Weconducted a multi-centre retrospective analysis of the mother-infant pair in the PMTCT electronic database in 2016.Semi-structured interviews of purposively selected parturient women with self-reported poor adherence (n= 177)were conducted to gain understanding of the main barriers to adherence. Binary logistic regression was used todetermine the independent predictors of ART non-adherence.Results:A high proportion (69.0%) of women reported perfect adherence. In the logistic regression analysis, afteradjusting for confounding factors, marital status, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and non-disclosure to a family memberwere the independent predictors of non-adherence. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed that drug-related side-effects, being away from home, forgetfulness, non-disclosure, stigma and work-related demand were among the mainreasons for non-adherence to ART.Conclusions:Non-adherence to the antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in this setting is associated withlifestyle behaviours, HIV-related stigma and ART side-effects. In order to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV,clinicians need to screen for these factors at every antenatal clinic visit.Keywords:Adherence, Non-adherence, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Elimination of mother-to-child transmission,Prevention of mother-to-child transmission, Stigma, South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Tourist activity preferences and market segmentation an exploratory South African study
- Authors: Nomvete, Luvuyo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Place marketing -- South Africa Tourism -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20255 , vital:29164
- Description: Successful destination marketing often begins with the development and implementation of a well-designed strategic marketing plan that promotes a targeted, cooperative and strategic approach to destination marketing. Consequently, astute destination marketers should seek to understand the needs, motives and preferences of carefully selected visitor segments, so that tourism organisations, agents and operators can identify market segments, choose target markets and position brands for marketing strategies and selling activities (Cox and Wray, 2011). This quest to understand consumer decision-making presents one of the most important challenges to success in tourism marketing. A large amount of research has been made in what Van Raaij and Crotts (1994) describe as the “economic psychology” in travel and tourism (see Hu, 1996). This study focuses on psychological and cultural influences on consumer preferences for popular tourist activities. The results of the study are important for the tourism industry as they directly affect marketing strategy. A number of authors have elaborated on the central role played by local and regional destination marketing organisations (DMOs) in helping to strengthen economic linkages in the tourism industry, to enhance collaboration, and to facilitate strategic marketing initiatives (e.g. Soteriades, 2012; Bowes in Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). One such organisation is the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency (ECPTA) based in East London, South Africa. Established in 2010 by the provincial government, the agency actively pursues “equitable low-carbon economic growth through innovation and collaboration” in both the conservation and tourism industries (ECPTA, 2015). The Eastern Cape has been dubbed the “Adventure Province” and boasts “a rich history, moderate climate, a wealth of natural resources” – an enviable combination of advantages that are leveraged in attracting visitors to the region (EC DEDEA, 2015). Among various marketing initiatives pursuant of its mandate, the ECPTA has established an online portal at www.visiteasterncape.co.za that potentially serves as an important information resource for visitors. The portal conveniently lists eight categories of tourist activities, each category linking the visitor to lists of specific offerings provided at local level in various parts of the province. A practical question that arises is the focus of the current research: Which market segments are most attracted to these offerings? The insights gleaned from the present study can thus contribute to ongoing research on approaches to improving the effectiveness of destination marketing aimed at holiday makers around the world. Previous research into the economic psychology of travel and tourism includes that of Van Raaij and Crotts (1995) whose seminal paper provides a theoretical background and delineates specific applications of the concept in the tourism industry. The framework for information processing they provide is reflected in Goodall’s outline of the tourist’s annual holiday search process (in Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). Following this thread, Mansfeld (1992) discusses the role and complex nature of motivation in travel behaviour, specifically in the stages of assessment and the elimination of destination alternatives. Gnoth’s (1997) theoretical study clarifies the relationship between tourists’ motivations and the formation of expectations, based on a discussion of the notions of drive reduction, attitudes and values. Goossens (2000) provides a conceptual model on the factors that influence the pleasure travel choice process, showing how the consumer’s disposition and marketing stimuli combine to create involvement in the information processing, which leads to hedonistic responses and motivation to travel. Various models have been developed and used to examine tourist decision making, including Mansfeld’s (1996) “value stretch” model, the LOGIT model used by Costa and Manente (1996) to evaluate the main characteristics of visitors, Tsaur and Tzeng’s (1996) multi-attribute decision making model used to analyse perceptions of service quality at hotels, the LOCAT model by Moutinho and Curry (1994) used in site location analysis and selection, and the MNL model used by Winzar et al. (1993) in analysing perceptions of transport mode attributes. Efforts to further enrich marketers’ understanding of tourist behaviour include new market segmentation methodologies developed to accurately predict tourist activity choices. Johar and Sirgy (1996) for example, introduce a technique called segment congruence analysis to help travel and tourism marketers determine the actionability of potential or viable market segments. Mazanec (1992) introduces a neural network model to classify tourists and argues that this method surpasses discriminant analysis in determining a subject’s correct segment affiliation. The present study is an effort to explore further the notion of tourist market segmentation by observing how psychographic and demographic variables work together to influence tourist activity and destination preferences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Nomvete, Luvuyo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Place marketing -- South Africa Tourism -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20255 , vital:29164
- Description: Successful destination marketing often begins with the development and implementation of a well-designed strategic marketing plan that promotes a targeted, cooperative and strategic approach to destination marketing. Consequently, astute destination marketers should seek to understand the needs, motives and preferences of carefully selected visitor segments, so that tourism organisations, agents and operators can identify market segments, choose target markets and position brands for marketing strategies and selling activities (Cox and Wray, 2011). This quest to understand consumer decision-making presents one of the most important challenges to success in tourism marketing. A large amount of research has been made in what Van Raaij and Crotts (1994) describe as the “economic psychology” in travel and tourism (see Hu, 1996). This study focuses on psychological and cultural influences on consumer preferences for popular tourist activities. The results of the study are important for the tourism industry as they directly affect marketing strategy. A number of authors have elaborated on the central role played by local and regional destination marketing organisations (DMOs) in helping to strengthen economic linkages in the tourism industry, to enhance collaboration, and to facilitate strategic marketing initiatives (e.g. Soteriades, 2012; Bowes in Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). One such organisation is the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency (ECPTA) based in East London, South Africa. Established in 2010 by the provincial government, the agency actively pursues “equitable low-carbon economic growth through innovation and collaboration” in both the conservation and tourism industries (ECPTA, 2015). The Eastern Cape has been dubbed the “Adventure Province” and boasts “a rich history, moderate climate, a wealth of natural resources” – an enviable combination of advantages that are leveraged in attracting visitors to the region (EC DEDEA, 2015). Among various marketing initiatives pursuant of its mandate, the ECPTA has established an online portal at www.visiteasterncape.co.za that potentially serves as an important information resource for visitors. The portal conveniently lists eight categories of tourist activities, each category linking the visitor to lists of specific offerings provided at local level in various parts of the province. A practical question that arises is the focus of the current research: Which market segments are most attracted to these offerings? The insights gleaned from the present study can thus contribute to ongoing research on approaches to improving the effectiveness of destination marketing aimed at holiday makers around the world. Previous research into the economic psychology of travel and tourism includes that of Van Raaij and Crotts (1995) whose seminal paper provides a theoretical background and delineates specific applications of the concept in the tourism industry. The framework for information processing they provide is reflected in Goodall’s outline of the tourist’s annual holiday search process (in Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). Following this thread, Mansfeld (1992) discusses the role and complex nature of motivation in travel behaviour, specifically in the stages of assessment and the elimination of destination alternatives. Gnoth’s (1997) theoretical study clarifies the relationship between tourists’ motivations and the formation of expectations, based on a discussion of the notions of drive reduction, attitudes and values. Goossens (2000) provides a conceptual model on the factors that influence the pleasure travel choice process, showing how the consumer’s disposition and marketing stimuli combine to create involvement in the information processing, which leads to hedonistic responses and motivation to travel. Various models have been developed and used to examine tourist decision making, including Mansfeld’s (1996) “value stretch” model, the LOGIT model used by Costa and Manente (1996) to evaluate the main characteristics of visitors, Tsaur and Tzeng’s (1996) multi-attribute decision making model used to analyse perceptions of service quality at hotels, the LOCAT model by Moutinho and Curry (1994) used in site location analysis and selection, and the MNL model used by Winzar et al. (1993) in analysing perceptions of transport mode attributes. Efforts to further enrich marketers’ understanding of tourist behaviour include new market segmentation methodologies developed to accurately predict tourist activity choices. Johar and Sirgy (1996) for example, introduce a technique called segment congruence analysis to help travel and tourism marketers determine the actionability of potential or viable market segments. Mazanec (1992) introduces a neural network model to classify tourists and argues that this method surpasses discriminant analysis in determining a subject’s correct segment affiliation. The present study is an effort to explore further the notion of tourist market segmentation by observing how psychographic and demographic variables work together to influence tourist activity and destination preferences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Towards a framework for assessing the sustainability of local economic development based on natural resources: honeybush tea in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Polak, James S, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Polak, James S , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69201 , vital:29445 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1196348
- Description: Despite the popularity of local economic development (LED) as a job creation and economic growth strategy in South Africa, many LED projects have not proved to be sustainable in the long-run, especially where human systems interact with biological ones. This article examines the relationship between sustainability and LED within the context of the emerging honeybush tea industry in the Eastern Cape. Data were gathered from provincial as well as local government policy documents and reports, and via key informant interviews. The data were analysed using Connelly’s [(2007). Mapping sustainable development as a contested concept. Local Environment, 12 (3), 259–278] three pronged approach to sustainable development as a lens through which to view the local industry. Findings showed that the industry offers many opportunities for development, including job creation in poorer, rural households; sustainable wild harvesting using a permit system; commercial cultivation; potential to develop social capital; potential for community-based LED; and product diversification. However, there are also corresponding challenges: There is currently no reliable data on the maximum sustainable yield, which is needed to guide quota allocations for entrepreneurial harvesters harvesting from wild stocks; possible biodiversity loss; and enforcing the permit scheme is proving difficult in remote rural areas.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Polak, James S , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69201 , vital:29445 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1196348
- Description: Despite the popularity of local economic development (LED) as a job creation and economic growth strategy in South Africa, many LED projects have not proved to be sustainable in the long-run, especially where human systems interact with biological ones. This article examines the relationship between sustainability and LED within the context of the emerging honeybush tea industry in the Eastern Cape. Data were gathered from provincial as well as local government policy documents and reports, and via key informant interviews. The data were analysed using Connelly’s [(2007). Mapping sustainable development as a contested concept. Local Environment, 12 (3), 259–278] three pronged approach to sustainable development as a lens through which to view the local industry. Findings showed that the industry offers many opportunities for development, including job creation in poorer, rural households; sustainable wild harvesting using a permit system; commercial cultivation; potential to develop social capital; potential for community-based LED; and product diversification. However, there are also corresponding challenges: There is currently no reliable data on the maximum sustainable yield, which is needed to guide quota allocations for entrepreneurial harvesters harvesting from wild stocks; possible biodiversity loss; and enforcing the permit scheme is proving difficult in remote rural areas.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
Towards a framework for the integration of information security into undergraduate computing curricula
- Gomana, Lindokuhle Gcina, Thomson, Kerry-Lynn
- Authors: Gomana, Lindokuhle Gcina , Thomson, Kerry-Lynn
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Information technology -- Study and teaching , Computer security -- Study and teaching Educational technology Computer networks -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13691 , vital:27296
- Description: Information is an important and valuable asset, in both our everyday lives and in various organisations. Information is subject to numerous threats, these can originate internally or externally to the organisation and could be accidental, intentional or caused by natural disasters. As an important organisational asset, information should be appropriately protected from threats and threat agents regardless of their origin. Organisational employees are, however, often cited as the “weakest link” in the attempt to protect organisational information systems and related information assets. Additionally to this, employees are one of the biggest and closest threat-agents to an organisation’s information systems and its security. Upon graduating, computing (Computer Science, Information Systems and Information Technology) graduates typically become organisational employees. Within organisations, computing graduates often take on roles and responsibilities that involve designing, developing, implementing, upgrading and maintaining the information systems that store, process and transmit organisational information assets. It is, therefore, important that these computing graduates possess the necessary information security skills, knowledge and understanding that could enable them to perform their roles and responsibilities in a secure manner. These information security skills, knowledge and understanding can be acquired through information security education obtained through a qualification that is offered at a higher education institution. At many higher education institutions where information security is taught, it is taught as a single, isolated module at the fourth year level of study. The problem with this is that some computing students do not advance to this level and many of those that do, do not elect information security as a module. This means that these students may graduate and be employed by organisations lacking the necessary information security skills, knowledge and understanding to perform their roles and responsibilities securely. Consequently, this could increase the number of employees who are the “weakest link” in securing organisational information systems and related information assets. The ACM, as a key role player that provides educational guidelines for the development of computing curricula, recommends that information security should be pervasively integrated into computing curricula. However, these guidelines and recommendations do not provide sufficient guidance on “how” computing educators can pervasively integrate information security into their modules. Therefore, the problem identified by this research is that “currently, no generally used framework exists to aid the pervasive integration of information security into undergraduate computing curricula”. The primary research objective of this study, therefore, is to develop a framework to aid the pervasive integration of information security into undergraduate computing curricula. In order to meet this objective, secondary objectives were met, namely: To develop an understanding of the importance of information security; to determine the importance of information security education as it relates to undergraduate computing curricula; and to determine computing educators’ perspectives on information security education in a South African context. Various research methods were used to achieve this study’s research objectives. These research methods included a literature review which was used to define and provide an in-depth discussion relating to the domain in which this study is contained, namely: information security and information security education. Furthermore, a survey which took the form of semi-structured interviews supported by a questionnaire, was used to elicit computing educators’ perspectives on information security education in a South African context. Argumentation was used to argue towards the proposed framework to aid the pervasive integration of information security into undergraduate computing curricula. In addition, modelling techniques were used to model the proposed framework and scenarios were used to demonstrate how a computing department could implement the proposed framework. Finally, elite interviews supported by a questionnaire were conducted to validate the proposed framework. It is envisaged that the proposed framework could assist computing departments and undergraduate computing educators in the integration of information security into their curricula. Furthermore, the pervasive integration of information security into undergraduate computing curricula could ensure that computing graduates exit higher education institutions possessing the necessary information security skills, knowledge and understanding to enable them to perform their roles and responsibilities securely. It is hoped that this could enable computing graduates to become a stronger link in securing organisational information systems and related assets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Gomana, Lindokuhle Gcina , Thomson, Kerry-Lynn
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Information technology -- Study and teaching , Computer security -- Study and teaching Educational technology Computer networks -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13691 , vital:27296
- Description: Information is an important and valuable asset, in both our everyday lives and in various organisations. Information is subject to numerous threats, these can originate internally or externally to the organisation and could be accidental, intentional or caused by natural disasters. As an important organisational asset, information should be appropriately protected from threats and threat agents regardless of their origin. Organisational employees are, however, often cited as the “weakest link” in the attempt to protect organisational information systems and related information assets. Additionally to this, employees are one of the biggest and closest threat-agents to an organisation’s information systems and its security. Upon graduating, computing (Computer Science, Information Systems and Information Technology) graduates typically become organisational employees. Within organisations, computing graduates often take on roles and responsibilities that involve designing, developing, implementing, upgrading and maintaining the information systems that store, process and transmit organisational information assets. It is, therefore, important that these computing graduates possess the necessary information security skills, knowledge and understanding that could enable them to perform their roles and responsibilities in a secure manner. These information security skills, knowledge and understanding can be acquired through information security education obtained through a qualification that is offered at a higher education institution. At many higher education institutions where information security is taught, it is taught as a single, isolated module at the fourth year level of study. The problem with this is that some computing students do not advance to this level and many of those that do, do not elect information security as a module. This means that these students may graduate and be employed by organisations lacking the necessary information security skills, knowledge and understanding to perform their roles and responsibilities securely. Consequently, this could increase the number of employees who are the “weakest link” in securing organisational information systems and related information assets. The ACM, as a key role player that provides educational guidelines for the development of computing curricula, recommends that information security should be pervasively integrated into computing curricula. However, these guidelines and recommendations do not provide sufficient guidance on “how” computing educators can pervasively integrate information security into their modules. Therefore, the problem identified by this research is that “currently, no generally used framework exists to aid the pervasive integration of information security into undergraduate computing curricula”. The primary research objective of this study, therefore, is to develop a framework to aid the pervasive integration of information security into undergraduate computing curricula. In order to meet this objective, secondary objectives were met, namely: To develop an understanding of the importance of information security; to determine the importance of information security education as it relates to undergraduate computing curricula; and to determine computing educators’ perspectives on information security education in a South African context. Various research methods were used to achieve this study’s research objectives. These research methods included a literature review which was used to define and provide an in-depth discussion relating to the domain in which this study is contained, namely: information security and information security education. Furthermore, a survey which took the form of semi-structured interviews supported by a questionnaire, was used to elicit computing educators’ perspectives on information security education in a South African context. Argumentation was used to argue towards the proposed framework to aid the pervasive integration of information security into undergraduate computing curricula. In addition, modelling techniques were used to model the proposed framework and scenarios were used to demonstrate how a computing department could implement the proposed framework. Finally, elite interviews supported by a questionnaire were conducted to validate the proposed framework. It is envisaged that the proposed framework could assist computing departments and undergraduate computing educators in the integration of information security into their curricula. Furthermore, the pervasive integration of information security into undergraduate computing curricula could ensure that computing graduates exit higher education institutions possessing the necessary information security skills, knowledge and understanding to enable them to perform their roles and responsibilities securely. It is hoped that this could enable computing graduates to become a stronger link in securing organisational information systems and related assets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Towards a holistic view of land and water management in the Gamtoos River catchment: applying a political geoecology approach
- Authors: Robb, Breanne Nicola
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7914 , vital:21323
- Description: The Eastern Cape of South Africa is characterised by water scarcity, constraint on usage, and inter-basin transfers. Water from the Gamtoos River catchment supplies water users both within the catchment and outside the catchment boundaries. This requires careful management of water and land to prevent overexploitation. However, management is complex as it is divided among various stakeholders with differing interests. Political geoecology is an approach that has the potential to provide holistic insight into the catchment’s water context. It was proposed to account for spatial patterns underlying interrelationships between resource distribution, human productive activity, and power relations by integrating the fields of political ecology and geoecology. This research was undertaken to further develop political geoecology as an approach for examining human-environment relations in geography through a case study of land and water management in the Gamtoos River catchment and its subcatchments. Distribution of resources and human influences were elucidated through generation of maps. To facilitate spatial analysis, the study area was delineated into catchment zones. Additionally, stakeholders were identified and classified at local, regional, national, and international levels. Power relations between stakeholders were investigated through qualitative content analysis of transcribed semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires that were administered to 34 research participants (selected through purposive and snowball sampling) directly involved in resource management in the catchment. Findings were spatially interpreted for each of the zones. The source zone was characterised by natural vegetation, steep, rugged topography, limited access ability, and power relations around restoration and conservation interests, which arose most significantly in the Baviaanskloof. The natural recapture zone was characterised by irrigated cultivation in areas of less harsh terrain in the upstream (Baviaanskloof and Kouga) sub-catchments. In the marginal Baviaanskloof, localised power relations over water distribution primarily arose. In the thriving commercial farming context of the Kouga, power relations included a local upstream-downstream legal conflict, competing levels of governance, issues with establishing water users’ associations (WUAs), and lack of adequate implementation of processes by government. Regional power relations are most prominent in the thriving commercial farming context of the overlapping regulated recapture and final use zones in the downstream Gamtoos sub-catchment. The reliance on upstream sub-catchments and tensions with the city of Port Elizabeth over water use are mediated through decisions made at the national level. Non-location specific power relations included indirect influence through energy, markets, and standards organisations, barriers in government preventing successful process implementation, and equity issues (particularly limiting the success of emerging farmers). These results illustrated that resource distribution, human productive activity, and power relations combine to produce unique characteristics in each of the zones in the Gamtoos catchment. The application of political geoecology in this case study situated the approach as useful for examining human- environment relations in geography.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Robb, Breanne Nicola
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7914 , vital:21323
- Description: The Eastern Cape of South Africa is characterised by water scarcity, constraint on usage, and inter-basin transfers. Water from the Gamtoos River catchment supplies water users both within the catchment and outside the catchment boundaries. This requires careful management of water and land to prevent overexploitation. However, management is complex as it is divided among various stakeholders with differing interests. Political geoecology is an approach that has the potential to provide holistic insight into the catchment’s water context. It was proposed to account for spatial patterns underlying interrelationships between resource distribution, human productive activity, and power relations by integrating the fields of political ecology and geoecology. This research was undertaken to further develop political geoecology as an approach for examining human-environment relations in geography through a case study of land and water management in the Gamtoos River catchment and its subcatchments. Distribution of resources and human influences were elucidated through generation of maps. To facilitate spatial analysis, the study area was delineated into catchment zones. Additionally, stakeholders were identified and classified at local, regional, national, and international levels. Power relations between stakeholders were investigated through qualitative content analysis of transcribed semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires that were administered to 34 research participants (selected through purposive and snowball sampling) directly involved in resource management in the catchment. Findings were spatially interpreted for each of the zones. The source zone was characterised by natural vegetation, steep, rugged topography, limited access ability, and power relations around restoration and conservation interests, which arose most significantly in the Baviaanskloof. The natural recapture zone was characterised by irrigated cultivation in areas of less harsh terrain in the upstream (Baviaanskloof and Kouga) sub-catchments. In the marginal Baviaanskloof, localised power relations over water distribution primarily arose. In the thriving commercial farming context of the Kouga, power relations included a local upstream-downstream legal conflict, competing levels of governance, issues with establishing water users’ associations (WUAs), and lack of adequate implementation of processes by government. Regional power relations are most prominent in the thriving commercial farming context of the overlapping regulated recapture and final use zones in the downstream Gamtoos sub-catchment. The reliance on upstream sub-catchments and tensions with the city of Port Elizabeth over water use are mediated through decisions made at the national level. Non-location specific power relations included indirect influence through energy, markets, and standards organisations, barriers in government preventing successful process implementation, and equity issues (particularly limiting the success of emerging farmers). These results illustrated that resource distribution, human productive activity, and power relations combine to produce unique characteristics in each of the zones in the Gamtoos catchment. The application of political geoecology in this case study situated the approach as useful for examining human- environment relations in geography.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Towards professional learning communities: A review
- Tshiningayamwe, Sirkka, Songqwaru, Zintle
- Authors: Tshiningayamwe, Sirkka , Songqwaru, Zintle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436305 , vital:73256 , ISBN 978-3-319-45989-9 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45989-9_19
- Description: Professional learning communities (PLCs) have proven to be effective models of teachers’ professional development. Therefore, for effective Education for Sustainable Develop-ment (ESD), PLCs should be considered in the planning of teacher professional development initiatives. This will enable teachers to address issues of quality teaching, learning and sustainable development issues. In the South African context, a ‘professional learning community’ is an emerging policy con-cept. This chapter thus provides a review of the emergence of teacher clusters in South Africa using a reflexive spiral model and praxis tasks. The chapter also draws from the Namibian and South African teacher cluster literature to comment on how teacher clusters could potentially be translated into PLCs to transform teachers’ practices as they relate to ESD.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Tshiningayamwe, Sirkka , Songqwaru, Zintle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436305 , vital:73256 , ISBN 978-3-319-45989-9 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45989-9_19
- Description: Professional learning communities (PLCs) have proven to be effective models of teachers’ professional development. Therefore, for effective Education for Sustainable Develop-ment (ESD), PLCs should be considered in the planning of teacher professional development initiatives. This will enable teachers to address issues of quality teaching, learning and sustainable development issues. In the South African context, a ‘professional learning community’ is an emerging policy con-cept. This chapter thus provides a review of the emergence of teacher clusters in South Africa using a reflexive spiral model and praxis tasks. The chapter also draws from the Namibian and South African teacher cluster literature to comment on how teacher clusters could potentially be translated into PLCs to transform teachers’ practices as they relate to ESD.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Towards standardised reef fish monitoring: an assessment of stereo-video techniques to sample shallow and deep reef fish assemblages
- Authors: Halse, Sarah Jane
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Reef fishes -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Reef fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Marine biodiversity -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Biotic communities -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Sparidae -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Reef fishes -- Size -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Underwater videography in wildlife monitoring -- South Africa -- Tsitsikamma , Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4635 , vital:20702
- Description: Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs) were developed to determine fish abundance and size structure in a more unbiased, and relatively non-invasive manner across a broader range of depths and habitats than conventional sampling methods achieve. These characteristics make stereo-BRUVs particularly useful for research inside marine protected areas (MPAs) where researchers are required to minimize disturbance to the protected environment. Although stereo-BRUVs have been widely used around the world, they are novel to South Africa and standardised protocols for their application are required. As such, this study aimed to address i) the effect of different bait types, namely pilchard (Sardinops sagax), squid (Loligo reynaudi) and bivalves (Crassostrea gigas and Perna perna) on the observed reef fish assemblage structure and ii) the effect of artificial illumination (lighting) on the observed reef fish assemblage structure sampled with stereo-BRUVs. One key component of the stereo-BRUVs methodology is the application of bait to attract fish into the field of view. Globally, pilchard is the most often used bait type for stereo- BRUVs, however, its suitability has never been tested comparatively against other bait types for South African conditions. Significant differences in fish abundance and assemblage structure were recorded between stereo-BRUVs deployments when applying the different bait types. The bivalve baits, oyster and mussel, were typically poor when sampling the reef fish assemblages of the region. Pilchard and squid were sampled in similar communities and were able to attract the majority of the reef fish from the region, suggesting they are suitable bait types for stereo-BRUVs in the Agulhas ecoregion. However, a power analysis indicated that roughly twice the amount of samples are required to effectively sample the same abundances of Chrysoblephus laticeps (roman) and Cheilodactylidae (fingerfins) species when sampling with squid as opposed to pilchard. Both bait types can be locally sourced, however, squid is considerably more expensive than pilchard. Considering the difference in cost, together with the fact that twice as much squid bait is required, squid is not a cost-effective option relative to pilchard. As such this study recommends that pilchard is the most appropriate bait for the Agulhas ecoregion of South Africa. Due to low light levels, artificial lighting is required when conducting remote video research in the sub-photic zone. Blue light has a shorter wavelength than other colour lights and attenuates slower through water. In addition, blue lighting has no recorded effect on fish behaviour and has proven to be a successful light colour for underwater sampling. The use of lighting is unavoidable for sub-photic stereo-BRUVs sampling and is recommended for all stereo-BRUVs sampling for comparability of data from environments characterised by different light levels. A study was conducted to test the necessity of artificial lighting when sampling from environments characterised by ambient light levels adequate for stereo- BRUVs sampling, a comparative to measure the effect of light on the fish assemblage structure. Of the more commonly detected fish species (those observed in >50% of the samples), most were seen at similar abundances in samples using lighting and in those without lighting. No significant differences were observed in fish length data between samples collected with and samples collected without lighting. This suggests that standardised stereo-BRUVs sampling across photic zones on the continental shelf of South Africa can be collected without blue lighting when ambient light levels are sufficient to see the survey area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Halse, Sarah Jane
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Reef fishes -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Reef fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Marine biodiversity -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Biotic communities -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Sparidae -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Reef fishes -- Size -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Underwater videography in wildlife monitoring -- South Africa -- Tsitsikamma , Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4635 , vital:20702
- Description: Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs) were developed to determine fish abundance and size structure in a more unbiased, and relatively non-invasive manner across a broader range of depths and habitats than conventional sampling methods achieve. These characteristics make stereo-BRUVs particularly useful for research inside marine protected areas (MPAs) where researchers are required to minimize disturbance to the protected environment. Although stereo-BRUVs have been widely used around the world, they are novel to South Africa and standardised protocols for their application are required. As such, this study aimed to address i) the effect of different bait types, namely pilchard (Sardinops sagax), squid (Loligo reynaudi) and bivalves (Crassostrea gigas and Perna perna) on the observed reef fish assemblage structure and ii) the effect of artificial illumination (lighting) on the observed reef fish assemblage structure sampled with stereo-BRUVs. One key component of the stereo-BRUVs methodology is the application of bait to attract fish into the field of view. Globally, pilchard is the most often used bait type for stereo- BRUVs, however, its suitability has never been tested comparatively against other bait types for South African conditions. Significant differences in fish abundance and assemblage structure were recorded between stereo-BRUVs deployments when applying the different bait types. The bivalve baits, oyster and mussel, were typically poor when sampling the reef fish assemblages of the region. Pilchard and squid were sampled in similar communities and were able to attract the majority of the reef fish from the region, suggesting they are suitable bait types for stereo-BRUVs in the Agulhas ecoregion. However, a power analysis indicated that roughly twice the amount of samples are required to effectively sample the same abundances of Chrysoblephus laticeps (roman) and Cheilodactylidae (fingerfins) species when sampling with squid as opposed to pilchard. Both bait types can be locally sourced, however, squid is considerably more expensive than pilchard. Considering the difference in cost, together with the fact that twice as much squid bait is required, squid is not a cost-effective option relative to pilchard. As such this study recommends that pilchard is the most appropriate bait for the Agulhas ecoregion of South Africa. Due to low light levels, artificial lighting is required when conducting remote video research in the sub-photic zone. Blue light has a shorter wavelength than other colour lights and attenuates slower through water. In addition, blue lighting has no recorded effect on fish behaviour and has proven to be a successful light colour for underwater sampling. The use of lighting is unavoidable for sub-photic stereo-BRUVs sampling and is recommended for all stereo-BRUVs sampling for comparability of data from environments characterised by different light levels. A study was conducted to test the necessity of artificial lighting when sampling from environments characterised by ambient light levels adequate for stereo- BRUVs sampling, a comparative to measure the effect of light on the fish assemblage structure. Of the more commonly detected fish species (those observed in >50% of the samples), most were seen at similar abundances in samples using lighting and in those without lighting. No significant differences were observed in fish length data between samples collected with and samples collected without lighting. This suggests that standardised stereo-BRUVs sampling across photic zones on the continental shelf of South Africa can be collected without blue lighting when ambient light levels are sufficient to see the survey area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017