Perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes towards employee wellness programmes among private high school educators in South Africa
- Authors: Moroane, Motheo
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Employee health promotion , Employees Health and hygiene , Private schools South Africa , Educators South Africa Attitudes , Well-being
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464765 , vital:76543
- Description: Organisations can perform more effectively if their employees' health and wellbeing are optimal and considered a priority. Evidence suggests that employee wellness programmes (EWP) increase employee and overall organisational health, effectiveness, and performance. The World Competitive Report has ranked South Africa poorly regarding Human Resource Management and Development. The South African education system accommodates more than 12,3 million high school learners, 2 938 primary and secondary schools and only 37 500 educators. The South African Department of Education has implemented several initiatives to improve education and the wellbeing of South African educators. However, research investigating the work-related health and wellbeing of educators indicates that burnout, job dissatisfaction, depression, anxiety, and infections, including HIV and AIDS, TB, and Malaria, are prominent among educators. The objectives of this research were to explore whether age, sex, education, and years employed as an educator will significantly impact South African private high school educators' (i) perceptions, (ii) knowledge and (iii) attitudes toward employee wellness programmes, and to (iv) using the answers from a questionnaire; to propose a normative holistic employee wellness programme for private high school educators in South Africa. To fulfil these objectives a mixed-methods study approach was adopted. The study used a once-off, specifically designed questionnaire that explored EWP perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes among South African private high school educators. The results of the questionnaire indicated that firstly, the highest education obtained significantly influenced how educators rated their knowledge of employee wellness programmes. Specifically, the higher the level of education/more educated educators were, the better employees rated their knowledge of wellness programmes. Secondly, gender emerged as a significant factor. Female educators were more inclined to better rate their perception and knowledge regarding whether the workplace could provide valuable source of information on employee health and wellbeing. In other words, female educators rated their knowledge and perceived the workplace as a potentially valuable source of information on employee wellness programmes, than men did. Thirdly, educators with more than ten years of experience were more likely to participate in employee wellness programmes. Lastly, younger employees (younger than the age of 41 years) had the attitude that stigmas may prevent employees from participating in employee wellness programmes and seeking counselling, testing and treatment. Based on these findings, a tailored holistic EWP model was developed to address the specific needs of private high school educators, aiming to enhance their overall wellbeing. In conclusion, this dissertation emphasized the importance of EWP in improving the health and performance of educators in South Africa’s private high schools. Importantly, this study identified unique challenges faced by these educators and highlighted the need for tailored wellness initiatives. Lastly, this study emphasizes the importance of addressing educator wellbeing to enhance the overall educational environment in South Africa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Moroane, Motheo
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Employee health promotion , Employees Health and hygiene , Private schools South Africa , Educators South Africa Attitudes , Well-being
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464765 , vital:76543
- Description: Organisations can perform more effectively if their employees' health and wellbeing are optimal and considered a priority. Evidence suggests that employee wellness programmes (EWP) increase employee and overall organisational health, effectiveness, and performance. The World Competitive Report has ranked South Africa poorly regarding Human Resource Management and Development. The South African education system accommodates more than 12,3 million high school learners, 2 938 primary and secondary schools and only 37 500 educators. The South African Department of Education has implemented several initiatives to improve education and the wellbeing of South African educators. However, research investigating the work-related health and wellbeing of educators indicates that burnout, job dissatisfaction, depression, anxiety, and infections, including HIV and AIDS, TB, and Malaria, are prominent among educators. The objectives of this research were to explore whether age, sex, education, and years employed as an educator will significantly impact South African private high school educators' (i) perceptions, (ii) knowledge and (iii) attitudes toward employee wellness programmes, and to (iv) using the answers from a questionnaire; to propose a normative holistic employee wellness programme for private high school educators in South Africa. To fulfil these objectives a mixed-methods study approach was adopted. The study used a once-off, specifically designed questionnaire that explored EWP perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes among South African private high school educators. The results of the questionnaire indicated that firstly, the highest education obtained significantly influenced how educators rated their knowledge of employee wellness programmes. Specifically, the higher the level of education/more educated educators were, the better employees rated their knowledge of wellness programmes. Secondly, gender emerged as a significant factor. Female educators were more inclined to better rate their perception and knowledge regarding whether the workplace could provide valuable source of information on employee health and wellbeing. In other words, female educators rated their knowledge and perceived the workplace as a potentially valuable source of information on employee wellness programmes, than men did. Thirdly, educators with more than ten years of experience were more likely to participate in employee wellness programmes. Lastly, younger employees (younger than the age of 41 years) had the attitude that stigmas may prevent employees from participating in employee wellness programmes and seeking counselling, testing and treatment. Based on these findings, a tailored holistic EWP model was developed to address the specific needs of private high school educators, aiming to enhance their overall wellbeing. In conclusion, this dissertation emphasized the importance of EWP in improving the health and performance of educators in South Africa’s private high schools. Importantly, this study identified unique challenges faced by these educators and highlighted the need for tailored wellness initiatives. Lastly, this study emphasizes the importance of addressing educator wellbeing to enhance the overall educational environment in South Africa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Photodynamic anticancer and antimicrobial activities of novel bacteriochlorins
- Tauyakhale, Kaisano Goodness
- Authors: Tauyakhale, Kaisano Goodness
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Bacteriochlorin , Porphyrins , Photochemotherapy , Photophysics , Molecules Models , Active oxygen
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464587 , vital:76524
- Description: The World Health Organization cautioned that the major contributing factors of cancer amongst people are the excessive usage of alcohol, smoking, lack of exercise and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and high-fibre foods. Furthermore, cancer by far is reported to be the most common and leading cause of death worldwide (1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer). Moreover, it is reported that cancer kills more people than tuberculosis, malaria and AIDS combined every year. Chemotherapy has been utilised as a mode of rehabilitation for complete being used in conjunction with surgery or to improve the state of well-being of patients until their point of death. However, it is well known for its adverse effects, such as loss of hair, altered gastric metabolism, vomiting and nausea, dehydration, weight loss, and loss of appetite. For this reason, photodynamic therapy (PDT) was developed as an alternative. A molecular dye (photosensitiser/PS) and light of a specific wavelength produce cytotoxic singlet oxygen species, which induce cell death. The aim of this project is to prepare novel structurally modified porphyrin-type dyes that absorb far into the near-infrared region. Identifying suitable dyes that absorb significantly in the 700−800 nm region is particularly important from an African perspective, since melanin significantly limits the penetration of laser light into human tissue in the 600−700 nm region, where first- and second-generation photosensitiser dyes usually absorb. The porphyrin analogues that will be investigated in this regard are bacteriochlorins (BChls), which are known to have suitable optical properties that are potentially suitable in this regard. The first step of the study would be to synthesise tetraarylporphyrins with electron- withdrawing meso-aryl rings because their reduction to BChls is more readily attainable than is the case with electron-donating rings. However, these contrasting properties can be combined to tailor the BChls for effective photodynamic therapy, so the type of porphyrins synthesised will be tetraarylBChls with different meso-aryl groups to first analyze the induction of different chemical properties in this case, the impact of introducing electron donating (4- and 3-quinoline substituents) or electron-withdrawing (pentafluorophenyl substituents) groups on the meso-positions of the dyes and more specifically whether the position of the quinoline nitrogen atom relative to the core of the BChl has any significant impact on the reactivity of the dye (the 4- or 3-position of the quinoline). The next factor to be considered is the induction of the heavy atom effect by introducing a metal in the centre of the dye in order to try to increase the singlet oxygen quantum yields for high production of reactive oxygen species and singlet oxygen and further red shift the lowest energy absorption band of the BChls in the therapeutic window for deep tissue penetration for effective. Lastly, the goal will be to explore whether the delivery of bacteriochlorin photosensitisers to cancer cells can be enhanced by introducing quaternised nitrogen atoms to the meso-aryl ligands. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Tauyakhale, Kaisano Goodness
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Bacteriochlorin , Porphyrins , Photochemotherapy , Photophysics , Molecules Models , Active oxygen
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464587 , vital:76524
- Description: The World Health Organization cautioned that the major contributing factors of cancer amongst people are the excessive usage of alcohol, smoking, lack of exercise and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and high-fibre foods. Furthermore, cancer by far is reported to be the most common and leading cause of death worldwide (1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer). Moreover, it is reported that cancer kills more people than tuberculosis, malaria and AIDS combined every year. Chemotherapy has been utilised as a mode of rehabilitation for complete being used in conjunction with surgery or to improve the state of well-being of patients until their point of death. However, it is well known for its adverse effects, such as loss of hair, altered gastric metabolism, vomiting and nausea, dehydration, weight loss, and loss of appetite. For this reason, photodynamic therapy (PDT) was developed as an alternative. A molecular dye (photosensitiser/PS) and light of a specific wavelength produce cytotoxic singlet oxygen species, which induce cell death. The aim of this project is to prepare novel structurally modified porphyrin-type dyes that absorb far into the near-infrared region. Identifying suitable dyes that absorb significantly in the 700−800 nm region is particularly important from an African perspective, since melanin significantly limits the penetration of laser light into human tissue in the 600−700 nm region, where first- and second-generation photosensitiser dyes usually absorb. The porphyrin analogues that will be investigated in this regard are bacteriochlorins (BChls), which are known to have suitable optical properties that are potentially suitable in this regard. The first step of the study would be to synthesise tetraarylporphyrins with electron- withdrawing meso-aryl rings because their reduction to BChls is more readily attainable than is the case with electron-donating rings. However, these contrasting properties can be combined to tailor the BChls for effective photodynamic therapy, so the type of porphyrins synthesised will be tetraarylBChls with different meso-aryl groups to first analyze the induction of different chemical properties in this case, the impact of introducing electron donating (4- and 3-quinoline substituents) or electron-withdrawing (pentafluorophenyl substituents) groups on the meso-positions of the dyes and more specifically whether the position of the quinoline nitrogen atom relative to the core of the BChl has any significant impact on the reactivity of the dye (the 4- or 3-position of the quinoline). The next factor to be considered is the induction of the heavy atom effect by introducing a metal in the centre of the dye in order to try to increase the singlet oxygen quantum yields for high production of reactive oxygen species and singlet oxygen and further red shift the lowest energy absorption band of the BChls in the therapeutic window for deep tissue penetration for effective. Lastly, the goal will be to explore whether the delivery of bacteriochlorin photosensitisers to cancer cells can be enhanced by introducing quaternised nitrogen atoms to the meso-aryl ligands. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Platform food delivery: a study on the labour process and emotional labour experienced by gig workers in the Eastern Cape food delivery sector
- Authors: Mutshewa, Taboka Botsang
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Food delivery services South Africa Makhanda , Gig worker , Gig economy , Labor process theory , Emotional labor
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466221 , vital:76708
- Description: As central to the gig economy, digital platforms are transforming the character of the modern economy. South Africa has seen the increased use of technology and the integration of technological changes into the labour market and labour process, including via digital platforms. The gig economy has entered a range of economic sectors in South Africa and elsewhere, including the service sector. Examples of digital platforms in this specific sector include Uber and Bolt for transportation, Sweep South for domestic help, and Mr D Food for food delivery. Undoubtedly, by inhibiting and sanctioning movements globally and locally, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the expansion of the gig economy in the service sector, as it restricted walk-in customers. The digital platform mediates the relationship between service sector workers and their clients and between workers and the companies operating the platforms. In this way, these technological platforms act as an ‘extra hand’ by, for example, hiring delivery workers in the first instance and then facilitating the delivery of products to customers. This thesis examines the food delivery sector in the gig economy in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The digital platforms in the food sector allow consumers to place food orders at a restaurant of choice and deliver them to their doorstep in less than an hour, ensuring convenience, reliability and efficiency for restaurants and customers. However, understanding the gig economy involves identifying and unpacking the experiences and perspectives of the gig workers. In doing so, this thesis examines food delivery workers labouring for two different companies (Uber East and Mr D Foods) in two sites (Makhanda and Gqeberha). The main aim is to analyse how the digital platforms restructure the labour process in the gig economy and the emotional labour enacted by the delivery workers. The thesis draws upon labour process and emotional labour theory to pursue this primary aim. Research findings highlight a high level of precariousness and stress amongst food delivery workers as they work under algorithmic systems of labour control marked by surveillance and are constantly required to perform emotionally to maximise income. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Mutshewa, Taboka Botsang
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Food delivery services South Africa Makhanda , Gig worker , Gig economy , Labor process theory , Emotional labor
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466221 , vital:76708
- Description: As central to the gig economy, digital platforms are transforming the character of the modern economy. South Africa has seen the increased use of technology and the integration of technological changes into the labour market and labour process, including via digital platforms. The gig economy has entered a range of economic sectors in South Africa and elsewhere, including the service sector. Examples of digital platforms in this specific sector include Uber and Bolt for transportation, Sweep South for domestic help, and Mr D Food for food delivery. Undoubtedly, by inhibiting and sanctioning movements globally and locally, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the expansion of the gig economy in the service sector, as it restricted walk-in customers. The digital platform mediates the relationship between service sector workers and their clients and between workers and the companies operating the platforms. In this way, these technological platforms act as an ‘extra hand’ by, for example, hiring delivery workers in the first instance and then facilitating the delivery of products to customers. This thesis examines the food delivery sector in the gig economy in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The digital platforms in the food sector allow consumers to place food orders at a restaurant of choice and deliver them to their doorstep in less than an hour, ensuring convenience, reliability and efficiency for restaurants and customers. However, understanding the gig economy involves identifying and unpacking the experiences and perspectives of the gig workers. In doing so, this thesis examines food delivery workers labouring for two different companies (Uber East and Mr D Foods) in two sites (Makhanda and Gqeberha). The main aim is to analyse how the digital platforms restructure the labour process in the gig economy and the emotional labour enacted by the delivery workers. The thesis draws upon labour process and emotional labour theory to pursue this primary aim. Research findings highlight a high level of precariousness and stress amongst food delivery workers as they work under algorithmic systems of labour control marked by surveillance and are constantly required to perform emotionally to maximise income. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Post migration factors associated with elevated symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety, among refugees in Cape Town
- Authors: Mujuru, Agnes
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder , Refugees South Africa Cape Town , Social work with refugees , Anxiety , Depression, Mental , Refugees Counseling of
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465810 , vital:76655
- Description: There has been a heavy influx of refugees in South Africa due to wars, conflicts, political persecution, and economic recessions around the world. As a result, South Africa hosts the highest number of African refugees, who are susceptible to mental health problems because of their exposure to war, violence, and post migration stressors. The current study assessed post migration predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety symptoms among refugees in Cape Town South Africa. A cross-sectional survey of refugees from war- and conflict-torn countries settled in Cape Town was conducted between February and May 2023. Study participants (N = 147) were selected using respondent driven sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire made up of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Post- Migration Difficulties Checklist (PMLDs), to assess PTSD, depression, anxiety and PMLDs, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the questionnaire data. The prevalence of PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms was 26.5%, 33.3% and 33.3%, respectively. Regression analyses identified discrimination, poor access to health services, and poor access to food as the major predictors of common mental disorders among refugees. The document-seeking process, unemployment stress, language difficulties, not getting help with welfare, fears of being sent home and isolation, were also associated with symptoms of mental health conditions. These results suggest that psychological distress symptoms are highly elevated among refugees and are associated with post-migration stressors. Mental health interventions for refugees should not only address psychological difficulties but also consider the socio-economic needs of refugees. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Mujuru, Agnes
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder , Refugees South Africa Cape Town , Social work with refugees , Anxiety , Depression, Mental , Refugees Counseling of
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465810 , vital:76655
- Description: There has been a heavy influx of refugees in South Africa due to wars, conflicts, political persecution, and economic recessions around the world. As a result, South Africa hosts the highest number of African refugees, who are susceptible to mental health problems because of their exposure to war, violence, and post migration stressors. The current study assessed post migration predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety symptoms among refugees in Cape Town South Africa. A cross-sectional survey of refugees from war- and conflict-torn countries settled in Cape Town was conducted between February and May 2023. Study participants (N = 147) were selected using respondent driven sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire made up of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Post- Migration Difficulties Checklist (PMLDs), to assess PTSD, depression, anxiety and PMLDs, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the questionnaire data. The prevalence of PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms was 26.5%, 33.3% and 33.3%, respectively. Regression analyses identified discrimination, poor access to health services, and poor access to food as the major predictors of common mental disorders among refugees. The document-seeking process, unemployment stress, language difficulties, not getting help with welfare, fears of being sent home and isolation, were also associated with symptoms of mental health conditions. These results suggest that psychological distress symptoms are highly elevated among refugees and are associated with post-migration stressors. Mental health interventions for refugees should not only address psychological difficulties but also consider the socio-economic needs of refugees. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Potential futures: land management decision making in the Albertinia-Herbertsdale area of the Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve
- Johnson, Ryana Elizabeth Milne
- Authors: Johnson, Ryana Elizabeth Milne
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Biosphere reserves South Africa , Land management , Decision making , Futures market , Sustainable land management , Adaptation strategy
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464823 , vital:76548
- Description: Land use change drives biodiversity losses, and UNESCO biosphere reserves serve as laboratories for solving complex problems in the uncertain Anthropocene geological era. Land users' decisions form turning points for land use, biodiversity conservation and future trajectories of land management. This qualitative study used grounded theory, one-on-one interviews and a futures thinking workshop to explore land user decision making in the mixed agricultural Herbertsdale- Albertinia area of the Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve. The study included participants using a variety of land management approaches, ranging from conservation to intensive agriculture. This study found that land managers in the study area interact with multiple complex social-ecological systems, and land management outcomes can be unpredictable for diverse reasons. Informed by learning and risk mitigation as well as their motivation for their present and future, land users are integrating sustainable land management practices in their commercial land management decisions. Their risk adaptation strategies tend to be hands on, independent and practical, as well as action oriented. This can be limiting when adaptation requires abstract, collective or systemic changes. All the participants know that they are dependent on natural resources. They all value their community and social networks. They have a strong appetite for learning, and combine an understanding of the historical context of their land management with an understanding that positive futures will require dynamic and extensive changes at multiple scales. They desire more integrated land use planning at catchment and landscape scales. Collaboration and collaborative strategies emerged as important pathways to the desired future. These include landscape level planning, lobbying for political and legal change, building community, learning, sustainable land management and social integration. It emerged that giving people time to think about abstract or large scale issues is appreciated, and not currently routine. This provides a potential leverage point for collaborative environmental stewardship in this highly biodiverse region. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Environmental Science, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Johnson, Ryana Elizabeth Milne
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Biosphere reserves South Africa , Land management , Decision making , Futures market , Sustainable land management , Adaptation strategy
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464823 , vital:76548
- Description: Land use change drives biodiversity losses, and UNESCO biosphere reserves serve as laboratories for solving complex problems in the uncertain Anthropocene geological era. Land users' decisions form turning points for land use, biodiversity conservation and future trajectories of land management. This qualitative study used grounded theory, one-on-one interviews and a futures thinking workshop to explore land user decision making in the mixed agricultural Herbertsdale- Albertinia area of the Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve. The study included participants using a variety of land management approaches, ranging from conservation to intensive agriculture. This study found that land managers in the study area interact with multiple complex social-ecological systems, and land management outcomes can be unpredictable for diverse reasons. Informed by learning and risk mitigation as well as their motivation for their present and future, land users are integrating sustainable land management practices in their commercial land management decisions. Their risk adaptation strategies tend to be hands on, independent and practical, as well as action oriented. This can be limiting when adaptation requires abstract, collective or systemic changes. All the participants know that they are dependent on natural resources. They all value their community and social networks. They have a strong appetite for learning, and combine an understanding of the historical context of their land management with an understanding that positive futures will require dynamic and extensive changes at multiple scales. They desire more integrated land use planning at catchment and landscape scales. Collaboration and collaborative strategies emerged as important pathways to the desired future. These include landscape level planning, lobbying for political and legal change, building community, learning, sustainable land management and social integration. It emerged that giving people time to think about abstract or large scale issues is appreciated, and not currently routine. This provides a potential leverage point for collaborative environmental stewardship in this highly biodiverse region. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Environmental Science, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Promoting Grade 9 mathematics teachers’ TPACK development through planning algebra lessons that integrate technology in Oshakati education circuit
- Authors: Angula, Mechtilde
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Algebra Study and teaching (Secondary) Namibia Oshakati , Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge , Educational technology , Education Social aspects Namibia , Culturally relevant pedagogy Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463669 , vital:76430
- Description: The revised curriculum in Namibia highlights the integration of digital tools to help learners understand mathematics better. For this purpose, teachers need to possess Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) to utilize technology effectively. However, using technology by itself does not guarantee better learning rather, it requires an understanding of how to integrate technology in teaching mathematics. Therefore, this case study explored Grade 9 mathematics teachers’ TPACK development through planning algebra lessons that integrate technology. An interpretive paradigm, supported by a pragmatic paradigm, underpins the study, and a qualitative case study approach was employed. The study purposively engaged ten Grade 9 mathematics teachers from four schools in Namibia. Demographic questionnaires, Semi-structured interviews, Reflective journals, notes from discussions, focus group interviews and document analysis were used to gain teachers’ insights on TPACK development. The study was guided by two educational theories: Bernstein's Sociology of Education (1971) and Bloom's Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain (1956). Also, Mishra and Koehler’s TPACK framework (2009) was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that mathematics teachers had a positive view of technology integration in mathematics lessons and TPACK development through technology-integrated lesson planning, but they lacked the knowledge for planning lessons that integrate technology. Taking part in the intervention improved the selected mathematics teachers' understanding of TPACK, making them more confident about using technology in their teaching. The study also found different strategies to help teachers incorporate technology into their lessons, along with having a strong grasp of the subject and effective teaching methods. Based on these findings, it is suggested that in-service mathematics teachers take part in interventions focused on integrating technology into lesson planning. These interventions should demonstrate how technology can improve mathematics education and how it fits with both content and teaching methods. It is also recommended that these interventions emphasize the importance of Bloom's Taxonomy in using technology for mathematics education. The study concludes by suggesting further research on how planned lessons can be implemented in actual mathematics classrooms. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Angula, Mechtilde
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Algebra Study and teaching (Secondary) Namibia Oshakati , Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge , Educational technology , Education Social aspects Namibia , Culturally relevant pedagogy Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463669 , vital:76430
- Description: The revised curriculum in Namibia highlights the integration of digital tools to help learners understand mathematics better. For this purpose, teachers need to possess Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) to utilize technology effectively. However, using technology by itself does not guarantee better learning rather, it requires an understanding of how to integrate technology in teaching mathematics. Therefore, this case study explored Grade 9 mathematics teachers’ TPACK development through planning algebra lessons that integrate technology. An interpretive paradigm, supported by a pragmatic paradigm, underpins the study, and a qualitative case study approach was employed. The study purposively engaged ten Grade 9 mathematics teachers from four schools in Namibia. Demographic questionnaires, Semi-structured interviews, Reflective journals, notes from discussions, focus group interviews and document analysis were used to gain teachers’ insights on TPACK development. The study was guided by two educational theories: Bernstein's Sociology of Education (1971) and Bloom's Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain (1956). Also, Mishra and Koehler’s TPACK framework (2009) was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that mathematics teachers had a positive view of technology integration in mathematics lessons and TPACK development through technology-integrated lesson planning, but they lacked the knowledge for planning lessons that integrate technology. Taking part in the intervention improved the selected mathematics teachers' understanding of TPACK, making them more confident about using technology in their teaching. The study also found different strategies to help teachers incorporate technology into their lessons, along with having a strong grasp of the subject and effective teaching methods. Based on these findings, it is suggested that in-service mathematics teachers take part in interventions focused on integrating technology into lesson planning. These interventions should demonstrate how technology can improve mathematics education and how it fits with both content and teaching methods. It is also recommended that these interventions emphasize the importance of Bloom's Taxonomy in using technology for mathematics education. The study concludes by suggesting further research on how planned lessons can be implemented in actual mathematics classrooms. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Redefinition of a refugee during conditions of disaster uncertainty of COVID19 in South Africa and beyond
- Authors: Maguire, Kelly Ann
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461841 , vital:76244
- Description: Access restricited. Expected release date 2026. , Thesis (Msc (Pharmacy)) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Maguire, Kelly Ann
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461841 , vital:76244
- Description: Access restricited. Expected release date 2026. , Thesis (Msc (Pharmacy)) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Relationship between oil price changes and the South African stock market returns: a nonlinear ARDL analysis
- Authors: Habana, Athenkosi
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Stock market index South Africa , Stock exchanges South Africa , Petroleum products Prices South Africa , Autoregression (Statistics) , JSE Securities Exchange South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462713 , vital:76328
- Description: Understanding the factors that influence oil price volatility and how they affect the stock market is crucial for decision-making, planning, and forecasting by governments, companies, and individuals. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between oil prices and stock market returns of selected JSE stock indices. A nonlinear ARDL model is used to study the interaction between changes in oil prices and the South African stock market. Monthly data covering the period from January 2010 to December 2022 is utilized in the study. The main findings of the study show that in the short run negative changes in oil prices have a statistically significant positive impact that on stock returns of the All-Share, Financials and Resources indices, while it is insignificant for the Industrials index stock returns. On the other hand, positive changes in oil prices have a negative and insignificant impact on all the stock returns of the indices. Therefore, in the short-run there is no nonlinear relationship between oil prices and the stock returns of the indices. In the long-run, the impact of oil prices on stock returns of the All Share, Financials and Resources indices is nonlinear or asymmetric. The impact of oil price changes on the stock indices varies across the indices. An increase in oil prices has a negative and statistically significant impact on stock returns of the All Share, Financials and Resources index. Conversely, a decrease in oil prices has a positive and significant impact on All Share, Financials and Resources index stock returns in the long-run. The impact of positive and negative changes in oil prices is insignificant for the Industrials index stock returns. Therefore, these finding makes it possible for investors or portfolio managers to better mitigate the negative consequences of unforeseen events and adapt their investment plans to hedge against variations in the price of oil. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Habana, Athenkosi
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Stock market index South Africa , Stock exchanges South Africa , Petroleum products Prices South Africa , Autoregression (Statistics) , JSE Securities Exchange South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462713 , vital:76328
- Description: Understanding the factors that influence oil price volatility and how they affect the stock market is crucial for decision-making, planning, and forecasting by governments, companies, and individuals. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between oil prices and stock market returns of selected JSE stock indices. A nonlinear ARDL model is used to study the interaction between changes in oil prices and the South African stock market. Monthly data covering the period from January 2010 to December 2022 is utilized in the study. The main findings of the study show that in the short run negative changes in oil prices have a statistically significant positive impact that on stock returns of the All-Share, Financials and Resources indices, while it is insignificant for the Industrials index stock returns. On the other hand, positive changes in oil prices have a negative and insignificant impact on all the stock returns of the indices. Therefore, in the short-run there is no nonlinear relationship between oil prices and the stock returns of the indices. In the long-run, the impact of oil prices on stock returns of the All Share, Financials and Resources indices is nonlinear or asymmetric. The impact of oil price changes on the stock indices varies across the indices. An increase in oil prices has a negative and statistically significant impact on stock returns of the All Share, Financials and Resources index. Conversely, a decrease in oil prices has a positive and significant impact on All Share, Financials and Resources index stock returns in the long-run. The impact of positive and negative changes in oil prices is insignificant for the Industrials index stock returns. Therefore, these finding makes it possible for investors or portfolio managers to better mitigate the negative consequences of unforeseen events and adapt their investment plans to hedge against variations in the price of oil. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Research-informed development of comprehensible isiXhosa teaching material: the Department of Basic Education Mental Starters doubling and halving unit
- Authors: Booi, Tabisa
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Native language and education South Africa , Mathematics Translating South Africa , South Africa. Department of Basic Education , Translanguaging (Linguistics) , Mathematics Study and teaching (Elementary) South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463680 , vital:76431
- Description: One of the challenges faced by schools that teach in isiXhosa in the Foundation Phase is the impact of nature of language used in the early-grade mathematics classroom. This is the focus of this research study. Despite numerous programs addressing the poor performance in mathematics, a significant majority of interventions are presented in English, creating barriers for learners and teachers using their native languages. While the Language in Education Policy allows for home language instruction in isiXhosa, the translation of materials often contains distortion in meaning and unfamiliar terms, complicating comprehension for indigenous language learners. Motivated by concerns over low mathematics performance, as highlighted in TIMSS (2019), and my personal experiences in teaching Foundation Phase mathematics in isiXhosa at a rural primary school, this study explores the challenges arising from using translated materials. The use of mediating materials in isiXhosa can be hindered by unfamiliar terms and distortion in meaning. For this reason, I adopted a translanguaging approach, incorporating transliteration between English and isiXhosa, especially in mathematics teaching. Grounded in the pragmatism paradigm, this qualitative design research unfolds in an isiXhosa medium primary school in Makhanda. The investigation centers first on document analysis of the Doubling and Halving unit in the Mental Starters Assessment Programme (MSAP) Teacher Guide (in English and isiXhosa), and then focuses on the teaching of two grade 3 classes, in isiXhosa, using the MSAP Doubling and Halving teaching sequence. Two grade 3 teachers and their principal participate as critical friends. The key research questions are: (1) What are the enablers and constraints that are experienced by the teacher during the mediation of the doubling and halving calculating strategies in isiXhosa?; (2) What are the key terms and phrases (vocabulary) needed to teach doubling and halving in isiXhosa?; (3) What are the perspectives and pedagogical insights of the critical friends on the isiXhosa vocabulary that was developed? The research unfolds in multiple stages, beginning with a document analysis of the MSAP using Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies. Subsequently, I adapt eight lesson starters for doubling and halving, implementing them across two grade 3 classes in a double action research cycle. Focus group discussions with critical friends, aided by video recordings for stimulated recall, provide valuable insights. Data collected throughout these stages are analyzed through the lens of Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural theory, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and potential solutions in this educational context. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Primary and Early Childhood Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Booi, Tabisa
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Native language and education South Africa , Mathematics Translating South Africa , South Africa. Department of Basic Education , Translanguaging (Linguistics) , Mathematics Study and teaching (Elementary) South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463680 , vital:76431
- Description: One of the challenges faced by schools that teach in isiXhosa in the Foundation Phase is the impact of nature of language used in the early-grade mathematics classroom. This is the focus of this research study. Despite numerous programs addressing the poor performance in mathematics, a significant majority of interventions are presented in English, creating barriers for learners and teachers using their native languages. While the Language in Education Policy allows for home language instruction in isiXhosa, the translation of materials often contains distortion in meaning and unfamiliar terms, complicating comprehension for indigenous language learners. Motivated by concerns over low mathematics performance, as highlighted in TIMSS (2019), and my personal experiences in teaching Foundation Phase mathematics in isiXhosa at a rural primary school, this study explores the challenges arising from using translated materials. The use of mediating materials in isiXhosa can be hindered by unfamiliar terms and distortion in meaning. For this reason, I adopted a translanguaging approach, incorporating transliteration between English and isiXhosa, especially in mathematics teaching. Grounded in the pragmatism paradigm, this qualitative design research unfolds in an isiXhosa medium primary school in Makhanda. The investigation centers first on document analysis of the Doubling and Halving unit in the Mental Starters Assessment Programme (MSAP) Teacher Guide (in English and isiXhosa), and then focuses on the teaching of two grade 3 classes, in isiXhosa, using the MSAP Doubling and Halving teaching sequence. Two grade 3 teachers and their principal participate as critical friends. The key research questions are: (1) What are the enablers and constraints that are experienced by the teacher during the mediation of the doubling and halving calculating strategies in isiXhosa?; (2) What are the key terms and phrases (vocabulary) needed to teach doubling and halving in isiXhosa?; (3) What are the perspectives and pedagogical insights of the critical friends on the isiXhosa vocabulary that was developed? The research unfolds in multiple stages, beginning with a document analysis of the MSAP using Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies. Subsequently, I adapt eight lesson starters for doubling and halving, implementing them across two grade 3 classes in a double action research cycle. Focus group discussions with critical friends, aided by video recordings for stimulated recall, provide valuable insights. Data collected throughout these stages are analyzed through the lens of Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural theory, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and potential solutions in this educational context. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Primary and Early Childhood Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
RU sleepy? - sleep/wake characteristics and sleep quality among undergraduate students attending Rhodes University
- Authors: Young, Celine Brittany
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464776 , vital:76544
- Description: Background: University students, specifically older adolescents and young adults, are at high risk of insufficient and poor-quality sleep due to age-related biological changes converging with several systemic factors unique to the university context. These include but are not limited to freedom and independence, communal living environments, academic demands and associated stress, erratic schedules, and high technology use. While there has been extensive research on sleep quality in students in other parts of the world, there has been comparatively less in South Africa, which may present unique contextual influencing factors. Thus, this study aimed to characterise sleep/wake characteristics and sleep quality in a sample of undergraduate students attending a South African University. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the impact of certain demographic factors on sleep quality in the students. Lastly, the current study aimed to determine what factors may influence the students' sleep quality. Method: This study adopted a cross-sectional design and explored sleep quality and sleep/wake characteristics (e.g., bedtimes, rise times, sleep duration, sleep latency, etc.) through an online survey circulated amongst undergraduate students via Rhodes university email platforms and student social media pages. The testing period started on 15 August 2022 and continued until 8 October 2022. The survey consisted of three main sections: (1) socio-demographic factors; (2) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); (3) an open-ended question that asked students to comment on the factors which they felt may be influencing their sleep over the previous month. Results: 393 students participated in this study, which corresponds to a response rate of 6.30%. The results revealed notable levels of poor sleep quality (mean global score of 9.79 (±3.36)) and a high prevalence of poor sleepers within the whole sample (over 90%), as well as across different demographic groups. Analysis indicated poor overall sleep quality, and concerning sleep/wake characteristics, such as, bedtimes, rise times, sleep latency, time in bed, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep duration, etc. Additionally, participants reported extended sleep latencies and difficulties initiating sleep within 30 minutes. Daytime dysfunction was prominent, indicating challenges in daily functioning. Demographic comparisons revealed that male students generally reported better subjective sleep quality and lower global PSQI scores than female students, with 2 females presenting with poorer sleep quality overall. Students living in university residences reported significantly later bedtimes and shorter sleep durations than off- campus students. Regarding year of study, third-year students reported better subjective sleep quality, longer times in bed, longer sleep durations and overall better sleep quality than first- and second-year students. Regarding funding mechanisms, students on the National Students Financial Aid Scheme had significantly higher subjective sleep quality scores but later bedtimes than students in the "other" funding groups. Thematic analysis revealed that several self-reported factors impacted student sleep negatively. Mental health issues were the most commonly cited theme (26.72% of students), which included anxiety, stress, worry, and overthinking. University-related factors were the second most frequently cited theme (25.49% encompassing academics, funding, and navigating university life). Environmental influences comprised of issues with noise, particularly in university residences, weather, and lighting. Discussion: In sum, the results of this study indicate that in this sample, the drivers of poor sleep quality seemed to be late bedtimes, early rise times, prolonged sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and overall short sleep duration, all of which were driven by several systemic factors. These findings underscore the importance of assessing sleep health beyond just sleep duration and indicate compromised sleep health within this population, evidenced by high levels of daytime dysfunction due to inadequate and poor-quality sleep. The challenges faced by university students extend across various aspects of their lives, including sleep health, with poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep having significant implications for academic performance, mental health, and overall well-being as they transition into adulthood. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Young, Celine Brittany
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464776 , vital:76544
- Description: Background: University students, specifically older adolescents and young adults, are at high risk of insufficient and poor-quality sleep due to age-related biological changes converging with several systemic factors unique to the university context. These include but are not limited to freedom and independence, communal living environments, academic demands and associated stress, erratic schedules, and high technology use. While there has been extensive research on sleep quality in students in other parts of the world, there has been comparatively less in South Africa, which may present unique contextual influencing factors. Thus, this study aimed to characterise sleep/wake characteristics and sleep quality in a sample of undergraduate students attending a South African University. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the impact of certain demographic factors on sleep quality in the students. Lastly, the current study aimed to determine what factors may influence the students' sleep quality. Method: This study adopted a cross-sectional design and explored sleep quality and sleep/wake characteristics (e.g., bedtimes, rise times, sleep duration, sleep latency, etc.) through an online survey circulated amongst undergraduate students via Rhodes university email platforms and student social media pages. The testing period started on 15 August 2022 and continued until 8 October 2022. The survey consisted of three main sections: (1) socio-demographic factors; (2) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); (3) an open-ended question that asked students to comment on the factors which they felt may be influencing their sleep over the previous month. Results: 393 students participated in this study, which corresponds to a response rate of 6.30%. The results revealed notable levels of poor sleep quality (mean global score of 9.79 (±3.36)) and a high prevalence of poor sleepers within the whole sample (over 90%), as well as across different demographic groups. Analysis indicated poor overall sleep quality, and concerning sleep/wake characteristics, such as, bedtimes, rise times, sleep latency, time in bed, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep duration, etc. Additionally, participants reported extended sleep latencies and difficulties initiating sleep within 30 minutes. Daytime dysfunction was prominent, indicating challenges in daily functioning. Demographic comparisons revealed that male students generally reported better subjective sleep quality and lower global PSQI scores than female students, with 2 females presenting with poorer sleep quality overall. Students living in university residences reported significantly later bedtimes and shorter sleep durations than off- campus students. Regarding year of study, third-year students reported better subjective sleep quality, longer times in bed, longer sleep durations and overall better sleep quality than first- and second-year students. Regarding funding mechanisms, students on the National Students Financial Aid Scheme had significantly higher subjective sleep quality scores but later bedtimes than students in the "other" funding groups. Thematic analysis revealed that several self-reported factors impacted student sleep negatively. Mental health issues were the most commonly cited theme (26.72% of students), which included anxiety, stress, worry, and overthinking. University-related factors were the second most frequently cited theme (25.49% encompassing academics, funding, and navigating university life). Environmental influences comprised of issues with noise, particularly in university residences, weather, and lighting. Discussion: In sum, the results of this study indicate that in this sample, the drivers of poor sleep quality seemed to be late bedtimes, early rise times, prolonged sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and overall short sleep duration, all of which were driven by several systemic factors. These findings underscore the importance of assessing sleep health beyond just sleep duration and indicate compromised sleep health within this population, evidenced by high levels of daytime dysfunction due to inadequate and poor-quality sleep. The challenges faced by university students extend across various aspects of their lives, including sleep health, with poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep having significant implications for academic performance, mental health, and overall well-being as they transition into adulthood. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Screening and characterisation of novel compounds and their derivatives from South African medicinal plants against triple negative breast cancer cells
- Authors: Nyemba, Getrude Rutendo
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463952 , vital:76460
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Nyemba, Getrude Rutendo
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463952 , vital:76460
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Search for acrylonitrile-based inhibitors of SAR-Cov-19 main and papain-like proteases through covalent docking and high-throughput virtual screening
- Authors: Ntantiso, Yamkela
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463941 , vital:76459
- Description: The sudden outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) quickly turned into a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the scale of which has never been seen before. High infection rates and mortality from COVID-19 placed pressure on global health services, and this has been to the detriment of the global economy. However, treatment options for COVID-19 are still very limited; hence, it is now as important as ever that researchers explore searching for new compounds with pharmacokinetic properties that inhibit the two COVID proteases - the main protease (Mpro) and the papain-like protease (PLpro). The main protease is a cysteine protease; as such, it is susceptible to permanent inhibition by reactive species (warheads) that may covalently bind to cysteine residues. One such class of compounds is acrylonitriles, in which the reactive acrylonitrile is reactive towards cysteine through a Michael addition reaction. The resulting covalent interaction is permanent and inactivates the cysteine residue and hence the protease within the context of the COVID-19 life-cycle. In this context, this study seeks to utilize computational-based approaches to identify acrylonitrile-based inhibitors of coronavirus drug targets. To do this, the ZINC database has been screened for compounds containing acrylonitrile functionality, due to its known nature as a warhead that binds to cysteine residues. Pharmacokinetic properties are computed to evaluate the viability of identified inhibitors, and covalent and non-covalent molecular docking approaches to the Mpro enzyme crystal structure have also been used to assess the identified systems. To gather more information and evaluate the most promising systems, a subset of the most promising compounds have been subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (for both covalently bound and non-covalently bound systems). , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Ntantiso, Yamkela
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463941 , vital:76459
- Description: The sudden outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) quickly turned into a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the scale of which has never been seen before. High infection rates and mortality from COVID-19 placed pressure on global health services, and this has been to the detriment of the global economy. However, treatment options for COVID-19 are still very limited; hence, it is now as important as ever that researchers explore searching for new compounds with pharmacokinetic properties that inhibit the two COVID proteases - the main protease (Mpro) and the papain-like protease (PLpro). The main protease is a cysteine protease; as such, it is susceptible to permanent inhibition by reactive species (warheads) that may covalently bind to cysteine residues. One such class of compounds is acrylonitriles, in which the reactive acrylonitrile is reactive towards cysteine through a Michael addition reaction. The resulting covalent interaction is permanent and inactivates the cysteine residue and hence the protease within the context of the COVID-19 life-cycle. In this context, this study seeks to utilize computational-based approaches to identify acrylonitrile-based inhibitors of coronavirus drug targets. To do this, the ZINC database has been screened for compounds containing acrylonitrile functionality, due to its known nature as a warhead that binds to cysteine residues. Pharmacokinetic properties are computed to evaluate the viability of identified inhibitors, and covalent and non-covalent molecular docking approaches to the Mpro enzyme crystal structure have also been used to assess the identified systems. To gather more information and evaluate the most promising systems, a subset of the most promising compounds have been subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (for both covalently bound and non-covalently bound systems). , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Shaping self through ceramic sculpture: representing anxiety in the rural black queer experience
- Authors: Phaliso, Phila Vuyiseka
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Ceramic sculpture 21st century , Ceramic sculpture Social aspects , Sexual minorities, Black Social conditions , Anxiety , Rural conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466082 , vital:76683
- Description: I am a ceramic sculptor. I make use of clay that I have sourced from Joza, the Makhanda location, and Cofimvaba in a rural area called Magwala. I process this clay and then use it to create a visual and tangible representation of the anxiety I experience as a queer black woman living in South Africa. Unongayindoda is a word that has been used by isiXhosa speaking people in my village to call me ever since I was a child. This is a word that I have chosen to own, in much the same way that some people have chosen to own the word “queer.” My experience of being unongayindoda has had an impact on my mental health, and the process of digging clay, processing it for use and then using it to create my work has become very therapeutic for me. My work’s primary aim is to explore the use of clay as a representative embodiment of anxiety in my work as a rural black queer sculptor who identifies as unongayindoda. The thesis component of my work is a qualitative study informed by autoethnography, practice and art-based research. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Fine Art, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Phaliso, Phila Vuyiseka
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Ceramic sculpture 21st century , Ceramic sculpture Social aspects , Sexual minorities, Black Social conditions , Anxiety , Rural conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466082 , vital:76683
- Description: I am a ceramic sculptor. I make use of clay that I have sourced from Joza, the Makhanda location, and Cofimvaba in a rural area called Magwala. I process this clay and then use it to create a visual and tangible representation of the anxiety I experience as a queer black woman living in South Africa. Unongayindoda is a word that has been used by isiXhosa speaking people in my village to call me ever since I was a child. This is a word that I have chosen to own, in much the same way that some people have chosen to own the word “queer.” My experience of being unongayindoda has had an impact on my mental health, and the process of digging clay, processing it for use and then using it to create my work has become very therapeutic for me. My work’s primary aim is to explore the use of clay as a representative embodiment of anxiety in my work as a rural black queer sculptor who identifies as unongayindoda. The thesis component of my work is a qualitative study informed by autoethnography, practice and art-based research. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Fine Art, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Singing pretty: investigating female respectability in classical vocal performance in South Africa
- Authors: Van der Walt, Alida
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Respectability politics , Integrity , Classical music , Opera South Africa , Sex discrimination against women , Intersectionality (Sociology) , Women singers South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466102 , vital:76685
- Description: In this thesis, I consider respectability in classical vocal performance in South Africa by presenting research on six women who hold prominent positions in this field intertwined with my own experiences in this arena. I introduce the context and background to my research across the fields of respectability politics, music studies, and intersectionality before investigating two main modes of gendered bodily respectability that featured in my singer-participants’ lives. These include first extra-bodily technologies in service of respectability, referring to anything that a singer may externally and visibly apply (on)to her body to enhance its physical appeal in specific ways, in line with respectability’s requirements. In thinking through the notion of extra-bodily technologies, I outline via cyborg theory how this first mode of respectability policing operates as an intersectionally oppressive force in my own and my singer-participants’ lives. The second form of bodily discipline emerges in what I call intra-bodily markers of respectability. In developing this term, I demonstrate, based on my singer-participants’ experiences and my own, how the policing of intra-bodily respectability markers may shift our understanding of identity performativity from the discursive realm into the physical. In doing so, I think critically about the importance of language in respectability’s shaping of women’s realities. With little subversive potential found in these themes, I explore the theme of play as a subversive strategy employed by the singers in my study, contrasting the playful subversion with my own mode of ‘serious’ rebellion. Play, with its ambiguous nature rooted in theories of psychology and self-realization, becomes a fundamental aspect of human development, allowing individuals to explore their capabilities and confront societal limitations. I explore the gendered aspects of subversive play in various arenas such as physical appearance, sexuality, musicianship, race, and class, emphasizing and questioning its potential as a political action within the constraints of societal structures. The final part of the thesis explores my own experiences of embodied unbecoming from respectability’s oppressions through vocal performance. Here, I tie together the three strands presented in the body of this thesis through my singing, transgressing body in reference to what I call a feminist musicianship practice as a way of singing beyond respectability. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Van der Walt, Alida
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Respectability politics , Integrity , Classical music , Opera South Africa , Sex discrimination against women , Intersectionality (Sociology) , Women singers South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466102 , vital:76685
- Description: In this thesis, I consider respectability in classical vocal performance in South Africa by presenting research on six women who hold prominent positions in this field intertwined with my own experiences in this arena. I introduce the context and background to my research across the fields of respectability politics, music studies, and intersectionality before investigating two main modes of gendered bodily respectability that featured in my singer-participants’ lives. These include first extra-bodily technologies in service of respectability, referring to anything that a singer may externally and visibly apply (on)to her body to enhance its physical appeal in specific ways, in line with respectability’s requirements. In thinking through the notion of extra-bodily technologies, I outline via cyborg theory how this first mode of respectability policing operates as an intersectionally oppressive force in my own and my singer-participants’ lives. The second form of bodily discipline emerges in what I call intra-bodily markers of respectability. In developing this term, I demonstrate, based on my singer-participants’ experiences and my own, how the policing of intra-bodily respectability markers may shift our understanding of identity performativity from the discursive realm into the physical. In doing so, I think critically about the importance of language in respectability’s shaping of women’s realities. With little subversive potential found in these themes, I explore the theme of play as a subversive strategy employed by the singers in my study, contrasting the playful subversion with my own mode of ‘serious’ rebellion. Play, with its ambiguous nature rooted in theories of psychology and self-realization, becomes a fundamental aspect of human development, allowing individuals to explore their capabilities and confront societal limitations. I explore the gendered aspects of subversive play in various arenas such as physical appearance, sexuality, musicianship, race, and class, emphasizing and questioning its potential as a political action within the constraints of societal structures. The final part of the thesis explores my own experiences of embodied unbecoming from respectability’s oppressions through vocal performance. Here, I tie together the three strands presented in the body of this thesis through my singing, transgressing body in reference to what I call a feminist musicianship practice as a way of singing beyond respectability. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
SolarKAT: a solar imaging pipeline for MeerKAT
- Samboco, Victória da Graça Gilberto
- Authors: Samboco, Victória da Graça Gilberto
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: MeerKAT , Radio interferometers , Solar activity , Radio Interference , Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465102 , vital:76573
- Description: Solar interference poses a significant challenge in radio interferometric observations, particularly with the increasing sensitivity of modern new-generation telescopes. This thesis presents the SolarKAT pipeline, a novel approach designed to mitigate solar interference in MeerKAT observations. The pipeline incorporates a series of steps, including self-calibration (second generation calibration or 2GC), precise determination of the Sun’s position, phase centre adjustments, creation of region-based masks, deconvolution, prediction, solar model subtraction, and peeling. We applied the SolarKAT pipeline to three datasets that feature the Sun in different conditions (frequency band and angular distance from the Sun to the telescope pointing position). These observations were obtained from three MeerKAT telescope surveys: ThunderKAT, MIGHTEE and LADUMA. We compared the visual images, peak fluxes, flux density, RMS and pixel distribution to evaluate the pipeline. Our results showed a notable reduction in solar interference. This is evidenced by the improved image quality, reduction in RMS and pixel distribution values, and consistent peak flux measurements after applying the pipeline. SolarKAT has not only improved the data quality but also demonstrated to be a valuable tool in producing high-quality solar images, which can be a helpful resource for solar physics and space weather forecasts. This study showcases the potential of the SolarKAT pipeline in enabling high-quality radio interferometric observations, even in the presence of solar interference. Unlike conventional methods that often discard corrupted visibilities (e.g. flagging), our approach focuses on recovering them. Additionally, the SolarKAT pipeline naturally delivers detailed images of the Sun. Our findings contribute to advancing the field of radio interferometry, providing a valuable tool for researchers seeking to enhance the accuracy of their observations and conduct studies in solar physics and space weather. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Samboco, Victória da Graça Gilberto
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: MeerKAT , Radio interferometers , Solar activity , Radio Interference , Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465102 , vital:76573
- Description: Solar interference poses a significant challenge in radio interferometric observations, particularly with the increasing sensitivity of modern new-generation telescopes. This thesis presents the SolarKAT pipeline, a novel approach designed to mitigate solar interference in MeerKAT observations. The pipeline incorporates a series of steps, including self-calibration (second generation calibration or 2GC), precise determination of the Sun’s position, phase centre adjustments, creation of region-based masks, deconvolution, prediction, solar model subtraction, and peeling. We applied the SolarKAT pipeline to three datasets that feature the Sun in different conditions (frequency band and angular distance from the Sun to the telescope pointing position). These observations were obtained from three MeerKAT telescope surveys: ThunderKAT, MIGHTEE and LADUMA. We compared the visual images, peak fluxes, flux density, RMS and pixel distribution to evaluate the pipeline. Our results showed a notable reduction in solar interference. This is evidenced by the improved image quality, reduction in RMS and pixel distribution values, and consistent peak flux measurements after applying the pipeline. SolarKAT has not only improved the data quality but also demonstrated to be a valuable tool in producing high-quality solar images, which can be a helpful resource for solar physics and space weather forecasts. This study showcases the potential of the SolarKAT pipeline in enabling high-quality radio interferometric observations, even in the presence of solar interference. Unlike conventional methods that often discard corrupted visibilities (e.g. flagging), our approach focuses on recovering them. Additionally, the SolarKAT pipeline naturally delivers detailed images of the Sun. Our findings contribute to advancing the field of radio interferometry, providing a valuable tool for researchers seeking to enhance the accuracy of their observations and conduct studies in solar physics and space weather. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
South Africa’s financial services trade and trade potential under the African Continental Free Trade Area
- Authors: Gyan, Mawuko
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Trade finance , South Africa Commerce , African Continental Free Trade Area , Gravity model of international trade
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462846 , vital:76340
- Description: This study investigates the nature, importance and prospects for growth of South Africa’s trade in financial services and trade potential under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement. It does so by identifying and measuring the share, growth performance and some of the characteristics of South Africa’s financial services trade in the aggregate and with selected trading partners and regions. It also computes South Africa’s trade potential in financial and finance-related services trade with selected African trading partners amid the ongoing AfCFTA services trade negotiations, using trade complementarity indices (TCIs). Finally, the study estimates the effect of regional trade agreement participation on bilateral financial services trade involving African economies using a gravity model. The study employs the use of descriptive trade statistics to analyse the share and growth performance of South Africa’s services trade in the aggregate and at the sub-sector level, based on balance of payments (BOP) data for the years 2005 to 2022 from the ITC, UNCTAD and WTO Trade in Services Database. Bilateral trade data from the OECD and WTO BaTIS Database is also used in the analysis of intra-African trade. In order to investigate trade through Mode 3, information on FDI statistics is sourced from recent reports. Through analysing trade complementarity indices (TCIs), the study finds that South Africa has significant potential to increase exports of financial and finance-related services to Mauritius, Ghana and the SADC and non-TFTA regions. South Africa has significant import TCIs with the COMESA and non- TFTA regions as well as Egypt, Tunisia and Kenya. The gravity model estimation reveals that membership in African regional groupings like the AfCFTA, SADC, COMESA and the EAC have no significant positive impact as yet on intra-African financial services trade. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Gyan, Mawuko
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Trade finance , South Africa Commerce , African Continental Free Trade Area , Gravity model of international trade
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462846 , vital:76340
- Description: This study investigates the nature, importance and prospects for growth of South Africa’s trade in financial services and trade potential under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement. It does so by identifying and measuring the share, growth performance and some of the characteristics of South Africa’s financial services trade in the aggregate and with selected trading partners and regions. It also computes South Africa’s trade potential in financial and finance-related services trade with selected African trading partners amid the ongoing AfCFTA services trade negotiations, using trade complementarity indices (TCIs). Finally, the study estimates the effect of regional trade agreement participation on bilateral financial services trade involving African economies using a gravity model. The study employs the use of descriptive trade statistics to analyse the share and growth performance of South Africa’s services trade in the aggregate and at the sub-sector level, based on balance of payments (BOP) data for the years 2005 to 2022 from the ITC, UNCTAD and WTO Trade in Services Database. Bilateral trade data from the OECD and WTO BaTIS Database is also used in the analysis of intra-African trade. In order to investigate trade through Mode 3, information on FDI statistics is sourced from recent reports. Through analysing trade complementarity indices (TCIs), the study finds that South Africa has significant potential to increase exports of financial and finance-related services to Mauritius, Ghana and the SADC and non-TFTA regions. South Africa has significant import TCIs with the COMESA and non- TFTA regions as well as Egypt, Tunisia and Kenya. The gravity model estimation reveals that membership in African regional groupings like the AfCFTA, SADC, COMESA and the EAC have no significant positive impact as yet on intra-African financial services trade. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Spatial pattern analysis of thicket expansion in a semi-arid savanna
- Authors: Putzier, Rachel Rayne
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Arid regions South Africa Eastern Cape , Spatial analysis (Statistics) , Thicket , Lidar , Cluster analysis , Trees Mortality , Scrub encroachment
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464484 , vital:76515
- Description: Woody thickening has negative economic and ecological impacts in savannas globally. While the increase of savanna trees as a form of bush encroachment has been well studied, less is known about the increase of thicket species in savannas, which is an important phenomenon resulting in the formation of closed-canopy clumps which may exclude the grass layer over time. The early stage of thicket expansion is often initiated by a nucleating savanna species which facilitates the establishment of woody thicket pioneer species, and as the thicket clump formation expands, bush clumps increase in dominance, thereby increasing the frequency of competitive interactions and leading to a possible switch from facilitative to competitive interactions. Spatial point pattern analysis provides a useful tool to elucidate these underlying patterns and ecological processes. I used high resolution LiDAR data combined with spatial point pattern analysis to understand tree-tree interactions in a semi-arid savanna in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. I conducted a cluster analysis based on vegetation structural variables to distinguish different stages of woody plant encroachment from open savanna to closed canopy thicket. Using the canopy height model, I quantified the change in the grass height from open savanna to closed canopy thicket clumps as an indicator of a possible biome shift. Additionally, I used spatial point pattern analyses to investigate the effect of thicket clump formation on the composition of savanna and thicket species, the overall patterns of trees, and the associations of small thicket species with large Vachellia karroo trees, which serve as clump initiators. Finally, I examined the mortality of savanna trees across increasing stages of thicket expansion using second order spatial statistics, namely the Mark- and Pair-Correlation Functions. Results confirmed that three vegetation states, influenced by elevation, are present at the study site, representing open canopy savanna (early-stage thicket encroachment), encroached savanna with low thicket dominance (intermediate-stage thicket encroachment), and highly encroached with dominant thicket clumps (late-stage thicket encroachment). These stages showed increasing tree height, canopy cover and canopy height density, as well as decreased (but not completely absent grass layer) as thicket encroachment progresses. Spatial point pattern analysis showed, as predicted, that there was an overall aggregation of trees at small-scales within early thicket clump formation, from which I inferred that facilitative relationships may exist between trees. Contrary to my predictions, at later stages of thicket clump formation I found dominant independent patterns between savanna adults and juvenile thicket species, which may result from a combination of facilitative and competitive effects. Lastly, as expected, I found that the density of V. karroo mortality increased as thicket encroachment increased, with an overall random spatial pattern of dead V. karroo across encroachment stages. As predicted, tree mortality was randomly distributed in space in the open savanna state, and as thicket clump formation increases, tree competitive mortality became more evident, as well as decreased tree performance. Overall, the study highlights the interplay between facilitation and competition in semiarid savanna where thicket clumps are expanding. Intervention strategies are suggested to target areas of intermediate thicket clump formation, as these areas provide an opportunity to remove V. karroo before the nucleation process has enabled the establishment and increase of thicket species and to ensure the grass layer is kept productive. I conclude that the use of remote sensing and LiDAR technology holds a wide range of possibilities for monitoring and managing woody encroachment in savanna systems, however these methods need to be further refined for effective use within African savanna and thicket context, which displays high spatial aggregation making typical segmentation methods difficult. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Botany, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Putzier, Rachel Rayne
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Arid regions South Africa Eastern Cape , Spatial analysis (Statistics) , Thicket , Lidar , Cluster analysis , Trees Mortality , Scrub encroachment
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464484 , vital:76515
- Description: Woody thickening has negative economic and ecological impacts in savannas globally. While the increase of savanna trees as a form of bush encroachment has been well studied, less is known about the increase of thicket species in savannas, which is an important phenomenon resulting in the formation of closed-canopy clumps which may exclude the grass layer over time. The early stage of thicket expansion is often initiated by a nucleating savanna species which facilitates the establishment of woody thicket pioneer species, and as the thicket clump formation expands, bush clumps increase in dominance, thereby increasing the frequency of competitive interactions and leading to a possible switch from facilitative to competitive interactions. Spatial point pattern analysis provides a useful tool to elucidate these underlying patterns and ecological processes. I used high resolution LiDAR data combined with spatial point pattern analysis to understand tree-tree interactions in a semi-arid savanna in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. I conducted a cluster analysis based on vegetation structural variables to distinguish different stages of woody plant encroachment from open savanna to closed canopy thicket. Using the canopy height model, I quantified the change in the grass height from open savanna to closed canopy thicket clumps as an indicator of a possible biome shift. Additionally, I used spatial point pattern analyses to investigate the effect of thicket clump formation on the composition of savanna and thicket species, the overall patterns of trees, and the associations of small thicket species with large Vachellia karroo trees, which serve as clump initiators. Finally, I examined the mortality of savanna trees across increasing stages of thicket expansion using second order spatial statistics, namely the Mark- and Pair-Correlation Functions. Results confirmed that three vegetation states, influenced by elevation, are present at the study site, representing open canopy savanna (early-stage thicket encroachment), encroached savanna with low thicket dominance (intermediate-stage thicket encroachment), and highly encroached with dominant thicket clumps (late-stage thicket encroachment). These stages showed increasing tree height, canopy cover and canopy height density, as well as decreased (but not completely absent grass layer) as thicket encroachment progresses. Spatial point pattern analysis showed, as predicted, that there was an overall aggregation of trees at small-scales within early thicket clump formation, from which I inferred that facilitative relationships may exist between trees. Contrary to my predictions, at later stages of thicket clump formation I found dominant independent patterns between savanna adults and juvenile thicket species, which may result from a combination of facilitative and competitive effects. Lastly, as expected, I found that the density of V. karroo mortality increased as thicket encroachment increased, with an overall random spatial pattern of dead V. karroo across encroachment stages. As predicted, tree mortality was randomly distributed in space in the open savanna state, and as thicket clump formation increases, tree competitive mortality became more evident, as well as decreased tree performance. Overall, the study highlights the interplay between facilitation and competition in semiarid savanna where thicket clumps are expanding. Intervention strategies are suggested to target areas of intermediate thicket clump formation, as these areas provide an opportunity to remove V. karroo before the nucleation process has enabled the establishment and increase of thicket species and to ensure the grass layer is kept productive. I conclude that the use of remote sensing and LiDAR technology holds a wide range of possibilities for monitoring and managing woody encroachment in savanna systems, however these methods need to be further refined for effective use within African savanna and thicket context, which displays high spatial aggregation making typical segmentation methods difficult. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Botany, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Statistical classification, an application to credit default
- Authors: Sikhakhane, Anele Gcina
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Binary classification , Default (Finance) , Credit cards , Credit risk , Machine learning , Variables (Mathematics)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465069 , vital:76570
- Description: Statistical learning has been used in both industry and academia to create credit scoring models. These models are used to predict who might default on their loan repayments, thus minimizing the risk financial institutions face. In this study six traditional and one more recent classifier, namely kNN, LDA, CART, RF, AdaBoost, XGBoost and SynBoost were used to predict who might default on their loans. The data set used in this study was imbalanced thus sampling and performance evaluation techniques were investigated and used to balance the class distribution and assess the classifiers performance. In addition to the standard variables and data set, new variables called synthetic variables and synthetic data sets were produced, investigated and used to predict who might default on their loans. This study found that the synthetic data set had strong predictive power and sampling methods negatively affected the classifiers performance. The best-performing classifier was XGBoost, with an AUC score of 0.7732. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Statistics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Sikhakhane, Anele Gcina
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Binary classification , Default (Finance) , Credit cards , Credit risk , Machine learning , Variables (Mathematics)
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465069 , vital:76570
- Description: Statistical learning has been used in both industry and academia to create credit scoring models. These models are used to predict who might default on their loan repayments, thus minimizing the risk financial institutions face. In this study six traditional and one more recent classifier, namely kNN, LDA, CART, RF, AdaBoost, XGBoost and SynBoost were used to predict who might default on their loans. The data set used in this study was imbalanced thus sampling and performance evaluation techniques were investigated and used to balance the class distribution and assess the classifiers performance. In addition to the standard variables and data set, new variables called synthetic variables and synthetic data sets were produced, investigated and used to predict who might default on their loans. This study found that the synthetic data set had strong predictive power and sampling methods negatively affected the classifiers performance. The best-performing classifier was XGBoost, with an AUC score of 0.7732. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Statistics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Students' perception of pre-exposure prophylaxis as a prevention strategy for reducing HIV/AIDS incidences at Rhodes University
- Authors: Lepelesana, Mamorena Sylvia
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Pre-exposure prophylaxis , HIV infections , AIDS (Disease) , College students Attitudes , Stigma (Social psychology) , Rhodes University
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466150 , vital:76701
- Description: South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS compared to the rest of the world, with young people most at risk. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in key populations at a higher risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS. The HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a pressing issue among higher education institutions, with a need for a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators associated with the use of PrEP. The Higher Education AIDS (HEAIDS) plays a pivotal role in the mitigation of the spread of HIV/AIDS in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). In this study, Rhodes University serves as a focal point for exploring PrEP implementation and acceptance. This qualitative study examines Rhodes University students' PrEP knowledge, perception, practice, and roll-out preference. More evidence is required to measure progress among students. A study was conducted involving sixteen (16) in-depth semi-structured interviews with students and health care workers, as well as a focus group consisting of three (3) students aged between 20-60 years. This study used the Socio-Ecological Model and Health Belief Model as theoretical frameworks. Participants in the study identified both the barriers and the facilitators to the use of PrEP. The findings show that there is a lack of knowledge and low perception among students about PrEP. The study found that lack of knowledge was the source of the stigma and misconception about PrEP. Most participants expressed the need for more information to differentiate between the ARVs in PrEP and the ARV medication for HIV-positive people. However, they further expressed a willingness to embrace PrEP if they had information about it. The study highlights that the use of PrEP is linked to individual and environmental factors, which are crucial for PrEP roll-out. These factors include access to PrEP in a friendly manner, supportive family and friends, and the reduction of stigma and misconception. Therefore, when addressed, the said factors can foster the use of PrEP and mitigate barriers. For students to fully realise the benefits of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies like PrEP, there is a need for informed educational efforts. A well-informed student body is important for the successful adoption and use of PrEP. The findings suggest that the health care workers were knowledgeable and conscious about the use of PrEP. However, there were inconsistencies in the information provided by the health care workers regarding the recommended period for taking PrEP before testing again and taking the three-month course. The inconsistencies raise questions regarding the accuracy and reliability of the information provided. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Lepelesana, Mamorena Sylvia
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Pre-exposure prophylaxis , HIV infections , AIDS (Disease) , College students Attitudes , Stigma (Social psychology) , Rhodes University
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466150 , vital:76701
- Description: South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS compared to the rest of the world, with young people most at risk. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in key populations at a higher risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS. The HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a pressing issue among higher education institutions, with a need for a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators associated with the use of PrEP. The Higher Education AIDS (HEAIDS) plays a pivotal role in the mitigation of the spread of HIV/AIDS in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). In this study, Rhodes University serves as a focal point for exploring PrEP implementation and acceptance. This qualitative study examines Rhodes University students' PrEP knowledge, perception, practice, and roll-out preference. More evidence is required to measure progress among students. A study was conducted involving sixteen (16) in-depth semi-structured interviews with students and health care workers, as well as a focus group consisting of three (3) students aged between 20-60 years. This study used the Socio-Ecological Model and Health Belief Model as theoretical frameworks. Participants in the study identified both the barriers and the facilitators to the use of PrEP. The findings show that there is a lack of knowledge and low perception among students about PrEP. The study found that lack of knowledge was the source of the stigma and misconception about PrEP. Most participants expressed the need for more information to differentiate between the ARVs in PrEP and the ARV medication for HIV-positive people. However, they further expressed a willingness to embrace PrEP if they had information about it. The study highlights that the use of PrEP is linked to individual and environmental factors, which are crucial for PrEP roll-out. These factors include access to PrEP in a friendly manner, supportive family and friends, and the reduction of stigma and misconception. Therefore, when addressed, the said factors can foster the use of PrEP and mitigate barriers. For students to fully realise the benefits of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies like PrEP, there is a need for informed educational efforts. A well-informed student body is important for the successful adoption and use of PrEP. The findings suggest that the health care workers were knowledgeable and conscious about the use of PrEP. However, there were inconsistencies in the information provided by the health care workers regarding the recommended period for taking PrEP before testing again and taking the three-month course. The inconsistencies raise questions regarding the accuracy and reliability of the information provided. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Suspicious activity reports: Enhancing the detection of terrorist financing and suspicious transactions in migrant remittances
- Authors: Mbiva, Stanley Munamato
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Migrant remittances , Terrorism financing , Machine learning , Outliers (Statistics) , Anomaly detection (Computer security) , Unsupervised learning
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465058 , vital:76569
- Description: Migrant remittances have become an important factor in poverty alleviation and microeconomic development in low-income nations. Global migrant remittances are expected to exceed US $630 billion by 2023, according to the World Bank. In addition to offering an alternate source of income that supplements the recipient’s household earnings, they are less likely to be affected by global economic downturns, ensuring stability and a consistent stream of revenue. However, the ease of global migrant remittance financial transfers has attracted the risk of being abused by terrorist organizations to quickly move and conceal operating cash, hence facilitating terrorist financing. This study aims to develop an unsupervised machine-learning model capable of detecting suspicious financial transactions associated with terrorist financing in migrant remittances. The data used in this study came from a World Bank survey of migrant remitters in Belgium. To understand the natural structures and grouping in the dataset, agglomerative hierarchical clustering and k-prototype clustering techniques were employed. This established the number of clusters present in the dataset making it possible to compare individual migrant remittances in the dataset with their peers. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) and an Local Outlier Factor - Isolation Forest (LOF-IF) algorithm were applied to analyze and detect suspicious transactions in the dataset. A traditional Rule-Based Method (RBM) was also created as a benchmark algorithm that evaluates model performance. The results show that the SEM model classifies a significantly high number of transactions as suspicious, making it prone to detecting false positives. Finally, the study applied the proposed ensemble outlier detection model to detect suspicious transactions in the same data set. The proposed ensemble model utilized an Isolation Forest (IF) for pruning and a Local Outlier Factor (LOF) to detect local outliers. The model performed exceptionally well, being able to detect over 90% of suspicious transactions in the testing data set during model cross-validation. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Statistics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Mbiva, Stanley Munamato
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Migrant remittances , Terrorism financing , Machine learning , Outliers (Statistics) , Anomaly detection (Computer security) , Unsupervised learning
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465058 , vital:76569
- Description: Migrant remittances have become an important factor in poverty alleviation and microeconomic development in low-income nations. Global migrant remittances are expected to exceed US $630 billion by 2023, according to the World Bank. In addition to offering an alternate source of income that supplements the recipient’s household earnings, they are less likely to be affected by global economic downturns, ensuring stability and a consistent stream of revenue. However, the ease of global migrant remittance financial transfers has attracted the risk of being abused by terrorist organizations to quickly move and conceal operating cash, hence facilitating terrorist financing. This study aims to develop an unsupervised machine-learning model capable of detecting suspicious financial transactions associated with terrorist financing in migrant remittances. The data used in this study came from a World Bank survey of migrant remitters in Belgium. To understand the natural structures and grouping in the dataset, agglomerative hierarchical clustering and k-prototype clustering techniques were employed. This established the number of clusters present in the dataset making it possible to compare individual migrant remittances in the dataset with their peers. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) and an Local Outlier Factor - Isolation Forest (LOF-IF) algorithm were applied to analyze and detect suspicious transactions in the dataset. A traditional Rule-Based Method (RBM) was also created as a benchmark algorithm that evaluates model performance. The results show that the SEM model classifies a significantly high number of transactions as suspicious, making it prone to detecting false positives. Finally, the study applied the proposed ensemble outlier detection model to detect suspicious transactions in the same data set. The proposed ensemble model utilized an Isolation Forest (IF) for pruning and a Local Outlier Factor (LOF) to detect local outliers. The model performed exceptionally well, being able to detect over 90% of suspicious transactions in the testing data set during model cross-validation. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Statistics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11