Electrocatalytic oxidation of cysteine by molybdenum (V) phthalocyanine complexes
- Mafatle, Tsukutlane J, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mafatle, Tsukutlane J , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293369 , vital:57079 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(95)04519-8"
- Description: Chemically modified electrodes, constructed by incorporating oxomolybdenum(V) phthalocyanine (OMo(V)(OH)Pc, Pc = phthalocyanine dianion) into graphite powder were used to catalyse the oxidation of cysteine. Solution catalysis of cysteine by oxomolybdenum(V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine, [OMo(V)(OH)TSPc]4−, was also investigated. A considerable reduction in overpotential for cysteine oxidation was observed. Cysteine oxidation occurred at 0.26 and 0.28 V vs. Ag/vbAgCl for catalysis by Omo(V)(OH)Pc and [OMo(V)(OH)TSPc]4− respectively as opposed to 0.77 V vs. Ag/vbAgCl observed on CoPc chemically modified electrodes. The anodic peak currents vary linearly with cysteine concentration in the range 0.02 to 0.08 mol dm−3 and 0.008 to 0.02 mol dm−3 for [OMo(V)(OH)TSPc]4− and OMo(V)Pc respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Mafatle, Tsukutlane J , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293369 , vital:57079 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(95)04519-8"
- Description: Chemically modified electrodes, constructed by incorporating oxomolybdenum(V) phthalocyanine (OMo(V)(OH)Pc, Pc = phthalocyanine dianion) into graphite powder were used to catalyse the oxidation of cysteine. Solution catalysis of cysteine by oxomolybdenum(V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine, [OMo(V)(OH)TSPc]4−, was also investigated. A considerable reduction in overpotential for cysteine oxidation was observed. Cysteine oxidation occurred at 0.26 and 0.28 V vs. Ag/vbAgCl for catalysis by Omo(V)(OH)Pc and [OMo(V)(OH)TSPc]4− respectively as opposed to 0.77 V vs. Ag/vbAgCl observed on CoPc chemically modified electrodes. The anodic peak currents vary linearly with cysteine concentration in the range 0.02 to 0.08 mol dm−3 and 0.008 to 0.02 mol dm−3 for [OMo(V)(OH)TSPc]4− and OMo(V)Pc respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
European stylistic influence on early twentieth century South African painters
- Mannering, Hildegard Kirsten
- Authors: Mannering, Hildegard Kirsten
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Painters -- South Africa -- European influences Art, South African -- European influences
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2411 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002207
- Description: South African artists, d i ssatisfied with the staid environment in local circles, felt the need to travel abroad for fresh stimulation. This need allowed for a historical investigation into the results, beneficial or otherwise, of the influence of European modernism on early twentieth century South African painters. Because of the numerous practising artists in South Africa at the time, it was found necessary to give cohesion to the artists discussed and, therefore the most pertinent were grouped into artistic movements. Thus, H.Naude, R . G. Goodman and H.S. Caldecott are discussed in conjunction with Impressionism. B. Everard, R. Everard-Haden and J.H. Pierneef are compared to the post-Impressionists and finally, I.Stern and M. Laubser are equated with the Fauves and Expressionists. To ascertain the true effect of European stylistic influence, a comparative analysis of work executed before European visits and upon the artists' return was imperative. Simultaneously, as part of the analysis, reference was also made to any work executed by these artists while in Europe. European movements of the period are also reviewed, enabling precise grouping and better understanding of t he styles adopted by the chosen group of early twentieth century South African artists. Some attention is given to the impact these artists had on South African art upon their return, as this confirms the degree of European influence and facilitates the classification of styles adopted by the selected group. In conclusion, to establish the extent to which European art was influential, a brief synopsis shows the changes in local groups, once these artists had re-established themselves in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Mannering, Hildegard Kirsten
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Painters -- South Africa -- European influences Art, South African -- European influences
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2411 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002207
- Description: South African artists, d i ssatisfied with the staid environment in local circles, felt the need to travel abroad for fresh stimulation. This need allowed for a historical investigation into the results, beneficial or otherwise, of the influence of European modernism on early twentieth century South African painters. Because of the numerous practising artists in South Africa at the time, it was found necessary to give cohesion to the artists discussed and, therefore the most pertinent were grouped into artistic movements. Thus, H.Naude, R . G. Goodman and H.S. Caldecott are discussed in conjunction with Impressionism. B. Everard, R. Everard-Haden and J.H. Pierneef are compared to the post-Impressionists and finally, I.Stern and M. Laubser are equated with the Fauves and Expressionists. To ascertain the true effect of European stylistic influence, a comparative analysis of work executed before European visits and upon the artists' return was imperative. Simultaneously, as part of the analysis, reference was also made to any work executed by these artists while in Europe. European movements of the period are also reviewed, enabling precise grouping and better understanding of t he styles adopted by the chosen group of early twentieth century South African artists. Some attention is given to the impact these artists had on South African art upon their return, as this confirms the degree of European influence and facilitates the classification of styles adopted by the selected group. In conclusion, to establish the extent to which European art was influential, a brief synopsis shows the changes in local groups, once these artists had re-established themselves in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
The political significance of the liberal media coverage of District Six from 1949 to 1970
- Authors: Marquard, Andrew Keith
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Mass media -- Political aspects , District Six (Cape Town, South Africa) , District Six (Cape Town, South Africa), In The Press
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2802 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003012 , Mass media -- Political aspects , District Six (Cape Town, South Africa) , District Six (Cape Town, South Africa), In The Press
- Description: The political significance of the media coverage of District Six is approached in the following way: the issue is approached theoretically by posing the question of the general political significance of news as a communicative form. This question is resolved by an examination of the complicated relationship between the tradition of political thought and the development of modem political forms, specifically the issue of the importance of communication in modern political forms. This is explored by considering the problem of the political outlined by Heller. Arendt reconceptua1izes the problem in terms of political judgement, which is discussed in relation to postmodernism and Wittgenstein's philosophy of language, to establish a new conceptualization of political judgement based on Arendt's view of narrative and Benjamin's writing on history. This conceptualization is used to formulated a notion of the general political significance of news, which is a form of political judgement related to a specific political culture. On this basis the media material is analysed in terms of two processes: the representation of District Six in the liberal media, and the representation of the political process surrounding its racial zoning and demolition. It is concluded that the media coverage of Distract Six during this period is characterized by a political culture termed the politics of the ordinary based on a reification of 'Europe' as part of a ' colonial attitude', and the idealization of specific urban forms, with a special relationship to urban planning. Thus the political significance of the media coverage resides in the perpetuation of this political culture, representative of the politics of the white English-speaking middle class, in terms of which an authentic urban politics is not conceivable. Additional conclusions are also drawn concerning the relationship between this political culture and the politics of Apartheid.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Marquard, Andrew Keith
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Mass media -- Political aspects , District Six (Cape Town, South Africa) , District Six (Cape Town, South Africa), In The Press
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2802 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003012 , Mass media -- Political aspects , District Six (Cape Town, South Africa) , District Six (Cape Town, South Africa), In The Press
- Description: The political significance of the media coverage of District Six is approached in the following way: the issue is approached theoretically by posing the question of the general political significance of news as a communicative form. This question is resolved by an examination of the complicated relationship between the tradition of political thought and the development of modem political forms, specifically the issue of the importance of communication in modern political forms. This is explored by considering the problem of the political outlined by Heller. Arendt reconceptua1izes the problem in terms of political judgement, which is discussed in relation to postmodernism and Wittgenstein's philosophy of language, to establish a new conceptualization of political judgement based on Arendt's view of narrative and Benjamin's writing on history. This conceptualization is used to formulated a notion of the general political significance of news, which is a form of political judgement related to a specific political culture. On this basis the media material is analysed in terms of two processes: the representation of District Six in the liberal media, and the representation of the political process surrounding its racial zoning and demolition. It is concluded that the media coverage of Distract Six during this period is characterized by a political culture termed the politics of the ordinary based on a reification of 'Europe' as part of a ' colonial attitude', and the idealization of specific urban forms, with a special relationship to urban planning. Thus the political significance of the media coverage resides in the perpetuation of this political culture, representative of the politics of the white English-speaking middle class, in terms of which an authentic urban politics is not conceivable. Additional conclusions are also drawn concerning the relationship between this political culture and the politics of Apartheid.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Karoo and Etendeks flood basalt provinces, southern Africa and the tectonic development of their adjacent margins:
- Marsh, Julian S, Watkeys, M K
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S , Watkeys, M K
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144868 , vital:38386
- Description: Southern Africa hosts remnants of two continental flood basalt provinces emplaced in association with fragmentation of Gondwana. The earliest is the 183 Ma Karoo Province whose relationship to continental breakup and sea floor spreading is complex. Geochemical stratigraphy, Ar-Ar Dating and palaeomagnetism indicate that Karoo mafic igneous rocks throughout Southern Africa were emplaced over a very short interval at 183 Ma.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S , Watkeys, M K
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144868 , vital:38386
- Description: Southern Africa hosts remnants of two continental flood basalt provinces emplaced in association with fragmentation of Gondwana. The earliest is the 183 Ma Karoo Province whose relationship to continental breakup and sea floor spreading is complex. Geochemical stratigraphy, Ar-Ar Dating and palaeomagnetism indicate that Karoo mafic igneous rocks throughout Southern Africa were emplaced over a very short interval at 183 Ma.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Geology Field Trip Guide: Natural Sciences and Geography Educators visit
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144878 , vital:38387
- Description: This is a brief guide to some of the interesting geological features in the immediate vicinity of Grahamstown. It summarises the geological history of the area, emphasizes that small-scale geological features are frequently part of much larger features, demonstrates how careful observation of rocks can lead to solving geological problems and reconstruction of ancient environments in which rocks formed, the importance to society, and how rocks in the Grahamstown area have contributed to a global scale understanding of the dynamic nature of planet Earth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144878 , vital:38387
- Description: This is a brief guide to some of the interesting geological features in the immediate vicinity of Grahamstown. It summarises the geological history of the area, emphasizes that small-scale geological features are frequently part of much larger features, demonstrates how careful observation of rocks can lead to solving geological problems and reconstruction of ancient environments in which rocks formed, the importance to society, and how rocks in the Grahamstown area have contributed to a global scale understanding of the dynamic nature of planet Earth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Geochemical stratigraphy of the Mohale Dame-Katse Dam areas, Lesotho. Report on contract LHDA, Mohale Tunnel: Sampling and Testing of Cores. Lesotho Highlands Tunnel Partnership (Mohale)
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144857 , vital:38385
- Description: In monotonous basalt sequences, such as the Karoo basalt sequence in Lesotho, geochemistry can be a useful adjunct to stratigraphic studies. The acceptance of geochemical criteria in defining stratigraphic units arises from work in the Columbia River Group in NW SA (Swanson et al., 1979) and is now widely employed. It has recently been successfully applied in the Karoo basalts (Marsh et al., in press). In the current investigation a stratigraphic framework for construction work related to the Katse-Mohale tunnel has been developed using the compositions of basalt samples collected from a number of borehole cores in relation to the geochemical stratigraphy of Marshet al. (in press).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144857 , vital:38385
- Description: In monotonous basalt sequences, such as the Karoo basalt sequence in Lesotho, geochemistry can be a useful adjunct to stratigraphic studies. The acceptance of geochemical criteria in defining stratigraphic units arises from work in the Columbia River Group in NW SA (Swanson et al., 1979) and is now widely employed. It has recently been successfully applied in the Karoo basalts (Marsh et al., in press). In the current investigation a stratigraphic framework for construction work related to the Katse-Mohale tunnel has been developed using the compositions of basalt samples collected from a number of borehole cores in relation to the geochemical stratigraphy of Marshet al. (in press).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Hillslopes of the Suurberg, a few km north of the pass & hotel, northern Alexandria district
- Authors: Massyn, W
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Zuurberg (South Africa) , Erica chamissonis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Type: still image
- Identifier: vital:12304 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013695
- Description: Erica chamissonis in full flower. In far background is the once-called Rietberg Ridge, its name now incorporated in the general term Suurberg.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Massyn, W
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Zuurberg (South Africa) , Erica chamissonis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Type: still image
- Identifier: vital:12304 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013695
- Description: Erica chamissonis in full flower. In far background is the once-called Rietberg Ridge, its name now incorporated in the general term Suurberg.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
Hillslopes of the Suurberg, a few km north of the pass & hotel, northern Alexandria district
- Authors: Massyn, W
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Zuurberg (South Africa) , Erica chamissonis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Type: still image
- Identifier: vital:12303 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013694
- Description: Erica chamissonis in full flower. In far background is the once-called Rietberg Ridge, its name now incorporated in the general term Suurberg.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Massyn, W
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Zuurberg (South Africa) , Erica chamissonis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Type: still image
- Identifier: vital:12303 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013694
- Description: Erica chamissonis in full flower. In far background is the once-called Rietberg Ridge, its name now incorporated in the general term Suurberg.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
Hillslopes of the Suurberg, a few km north of the pass & hotel, northern Alexandria district
- Authors: Massyn, W
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Zuurberg (South Africa) , Erica chamissonis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Type: still image
- Identifier: vital:12302 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013693
- Description: Erica chamissonis in full flower. In far background is the once-called Rietberg Ridge, its name now incorporated in the general term Suurberg.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Massyn, W
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Zuurberg (South Africa) , Erica chamissonis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Type: still image
- Identifier: vital:12302 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013693
- Description: Erica chamissonis in full flower. In far background is the once-called Rietberg Ridge, its name now incorporated in the general term Suurberg.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
Equality, resources and primary goods: Ronald Dworkin and John Rawls on the currency of egalitarianism
- Authors: May, Simon James Peter
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rawls, John, 1921-2002 , Dworkin, R M , Law -- Philosophy , Law -- Political apsects , Equality , Justice , Jurisprudence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2714 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002844 , Rawls, John, 1921-2002 , Dworkin, R M , Law -- Philosophy , Law -- Political apsects , Equality , Justice , Jurisprudence
- Description: In this thesis I compare the work of Ronald Dworkin and John Rawls within the context of the 'equality of what?' debate. I argue that the Rawlsian paradigm offers a much more flexible defence of a resourcist approach to egalitarianism than Dworkin's theoI)' of' equality of resources'. I argue that Dworkin's fundamental distinction between persons and circumstances is flawed because it involves commitment to a view of the person which belongs in the realm of' comprehensive moral doctrines', rather than in the realm of a political theory of justice. I also argue that an alternative distinction between choice and luck, expressed in the 'luck-neutralising aim' of egalitarianism, is inappropriate since it too involves transgressing political constraints on theories of justice. Rawls's utilisation of primary goods in his theory of justice is supported by considerations derived from the work of Thomas Scanlon. The schematic picture of relative urgency which Scanlon advances provides the rationale for the use of primary goods, and also allows us to discriminate . between compensation for handicaps and compensation for expensive tastes. Scanlon's schematic picture also frees the utilisation of primary goods from criticisms raised by Amartya Sen. Lastly, I discuss arguments advanced by Susan Hurley which enable an interpretation of Rawls's original position device which is independent of the luck-neutralising aim. Her arguments are extended as a criticism of Dworkin's hypothetical insurance market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: May, Simon James Peter
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rawls, John, 1921-2002 , Dworkin, R M , Law -- Philosophy , Law -- Political apsects , Equality , Justice , Jurisprudence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2714 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002844 , Rawls, John, 1921-2002 , Dworkin, R M , Law -- Philosophy , Law -- Political apsects , Equality , Justice , Jurisprudence
- Description: In this thesis I compare the work of Ronald Dworkin and John Rawls within the context of the 'equality of what?' debate. I argue that the Rawlsian paradigm offers a much more flexible defence of a resourcist approach to egalitarianism than Dworkin's theoI)' of' equality of resources'. I argue that Dworkin's fundamental distinction between persons and circumstances is flawed because it involves commitment to a view of the person which belongs in the realm of' comprehensive moral doctrines', rather than in the realm of a political theory of justice. I also argue that an alternative distinction between choice and luck, expressed in the 'luck-neutralising aim' of egalitarianism, is inappropriate since it too involves transgressing political constraints on theories of justice. Rawls's utilisation of primary goods in his theory of justice is supported by considerations derived from the work of Thomas Scanlon. The schematic picture of relative urgency which Scanlon advances provides the rationale for the use of primary goods, and also allows us to discriminate . between compensation for handicaps and compensation for expensive tastes. Scanlon's schematic picture also frees the utilisation of primary goods from criticisms raised by Amartya Sen. Lastly, I discuss arguments advanced by Susan Hurley which enable an interpretation of Rawls's original position device which is independent of the luck-neutralising aim. Her arguments are extended as a criticism of Dworkin's hypothetical insurance market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Does drafting beat "bleeding"? : an action research investigation into the introduction of a cognitivist process approach to the teaching of writing at senior secondary level
- McKellar, Elizabeth Jennifer Kelk
- Authors: McKellar, Elizabeth Jennifer Kelk
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Action research in education English language -- Writing -- Study and teaching (Secondary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1499 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003381
- Description: In this study an attempt is made to describe and illuminate the attitude of both pupils and teachers to the introduction of a cognitivist process approach to the teaching of written literacy in one standard in a multi-cuI tural Eastern Cape Model C secondary school. Because the cognitivist process approach to the teaching of written literacy was to complement already existing strategies for the teaching of written literacy, the research took the form of collaborative action research in three standard nine English classrooms. Teacher- and pupil diaries were the main means of data collection. Two spirals of action research were conducted in an attempt to identify difficulties and improve practice. Diaries and discussion revealed a positive response to the drafting, revision and editing processes which researchers had already identified as the processes which skilled writers use in creating text. Acknowledgement of the benefits to be derived from peer response as audience was also established. Anomalies relating to the grouping of pupils for peer-editing were found to be a key issue in determining the relative success of the project. Difficulties were also found to exist in the ability of some of the pupils to engage effectively in peer-peer and teacher-peer negotiation of text. Possible reasons for these difficulties have been identified , and further research into the nature of the inherent power relationships which exist implicitly in a multi-cultural educational setting and impede negotiation would be necessary to appreciate fully the difficulties experienced.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: McKellar, Elizabeth Jennifer Kelk
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Action research in education English language -- Writing -- Study and teaching (Secondary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1499 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003381
- Description: In this study an attempt is made to describe and illuminate the attitude of both pupils and teachers to the introduction of a cognitivist process approach to the teaching of written literacy in one standard in a multi-cuI tural Eastern Cape Model C secondary school. Because the cognitivist process approach to the teaching of written literacy was to complement already existing strategies for the teaching of written literacy, the research took the form of collaborative action research in three standard nine English classrooms. Teacher- and pupil diaries were the main means of data collection. Two spirals of action research were conducted in an attempt to identify difficulties and improve practice. Diaries and discussion revealed a positive response to the drafting, revision and editing processes which researchers had already identified as the processes which skilled writers use in creating text. Acknowledgement of the benefits to be derived from peer response as audience was also established. Anomalies relating to the grouping of pupils for peer-editing were found to be a key issue in determining the relative success of the project. Difficulties were also found to exist in the ability of some of the pupils to engage effectively in peer-peer and teacher-peer negotiation of text. Possible reasons for these difficulties have been identified , and further research into the nature of the inherent power relationships which exist implicitly in a multi-cultural educational setting and impede negotiation would be necessary to appreciate fully the difficulties experienced.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
An investigation into the development, principles and practice of environmental interpretation in South Africa: a case study of the National Parks Board
- Authors: Milne, Ian Bertram
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: National parks and reserves -- South Africa Environmental education -- South Africa National parks and reserves -- Interpretive programs Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003486
- Description: This study looks firstly at the historical background to conservation, particularly in the South African National Parks Board, and relates this to developments in interpretation in the National Parks. These are evaluated against international norms as they appear in the current literature. The aim is to establish a platform upon which future developments in interpretation may be built, avoiding the mistakes of the past, while capitalising on the strong points. Current views of what interpretation is, and what it should be, are reviewed. Knowing who the audience is, in terms of cultural background, education, needs and interests, as well as sound planning, clear objectives and ongoing evaluation of interpretive programmes, emerge as essential prerequisites for effective interpretation. Through reviewing the development and current status of interpretation in the National Parks, the study finds that although the view has been expressed by management, both past and present, that interpretation in the national parks is of great importance, the past and current status of interpretation does not reflect that view. Generally, interpretation appears to be regarded as a non-essential service. This report argues that environmental interpretation should be given a higher status in the National Parks Board and that it should form an important part of the conservation strategy and management plan for the national parks. The researcher contends that a greater investment in interpretation could lead to a decrease in the need for further, increased investment in law enforcement in the parks. The researcher is also of the opinion that interpretation aimed at all levels of personnel of the National Parks Board is at least as important as interpretation aimed at visitors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Milne, Ian Bertram
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: National parks and reserves -- South Africa Environmental education -- South Africa National parks and reserves -- Interpretive programs Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003486
- Description: This study looks firstly at the historical background to conservation, particularly in the South African National Parks Board, and relates this to developments in interpretation in the National Parks. These are evaluated against international norms as they appear in the current literature. The aim is to establish a platform upon which future developments in interpretation may be built, avoiding the mistakes of the past, while capitalising on the strong points. Current views of what interpretation is, and what it should be, are reviewed. Knowing who the audience is, in terms of cultural background, education, needs and interests, as well as sound planning, clear objectives and ongoing evaluation of interpretive programmes, emerge as essential prerequisites for effective interpretation. Through reviewing the development and current status of interpretation in the National Parks, the study finds that although the view has been expressed by management, both past and present, that interpretation in the national parks is of great importance, the past and current status of interpretation does not reflect that view. Generally, interpretation appears to be regarded as a non-essential service. This report argues that environmental interpretation should be given a higher status in the National Parks Board and that it should form an important part of the conservation strategy and management plan for the national parks. The researcher contends that a greater investment in interpretation could lead to a decrease in the need for further, increased investment in law enforcement in the parks. The researcher is also of the opinion that interpretation aimed at all levels of personnel of the National Parks Board is at least as important as interpretation aimed at visitors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
The role of student writing in learning in zoology
- Authors: Moore, Robin Stanley
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Zoology -- Study and teaching Communication in science -- Study and teaching Science -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1752 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003636
- Description: In this study I attempt to develop a rationale for the role of student writing in advancing learning in Zoology. To this end, I use the informed and insightful voices of five academics from the University of Cape Town's Department of Zoology to present a picture of the goals of the discipline, how they view the role that student writing plays in advan~ing these goals, a sense of the tensions they face in dealing with student diversity, and the promise and challenges of innovative approaches. My interest in how staff view student writing stems from a belief that staff make use of student writing in different ways, depending on their assumptions about writing. I explore these assumptions by means of interviews with members of staff, in which I ask about how they understand the pursuit of science, the qualities a scientist needs to develop, the best ways to develop these qualities in students, and the part that student writing plays in this development. What emerges in this study is the understanding that the kinds of writing we ask students to do reflect the forms of educational practice that we sustain. On the one hand, certain forms of writing may support forms of transmission pedagogy that are viewed as being at odds with progressive science education. On the other hand, if we are to develop alternative teaching approaches which are in keeping with contemporary views of science and learning, then we need to develop new genres of student writing that give expression to these goals and methods. The study concludes with suggested avenues into curriculum review that would operationalise the insights developed by this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Moore, Robin Stanley
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Zoology -- Study and teaching Communication in science -- Study and teaching Science -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1752 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003636
- Description: In this study I attempt to develop a rationale for the role of student writing in advancing learning in Zoology. To this end, I use the informed and insightful voices of five academics from the University of Cape Town's Department of Zoology to present a picture of the goals of the discipline, how they view the role that student writing plays in advan~ing these goals, a sense of the tensions they face in dealing with student diversity, and the promise and challenges of innovative approaches. My interest in how staff view student writing stems from a belief that staff make use of student writing in different ways, depending on their assumptions about writing. I explore these assumptions by means of interviews with members of staff, in which I ask about how they understand the pursuit of science, the qualities a scientist needs to develop, the best ways to develop these qualities in students, and the part that student writing plays in this development. What emerges in this study is the understanding that the kinds of writing we ask students to do reflect the forms of educational practice that we sustain. On the one hand, certain forms of writing may support forms of transmission pedagogy that are viewed as being at odds with progressive science education. On the other hand, if we are to develop alternative teaching approaches which are in keeping with contemporary views of science and learning, then we need to develop new genres of student writing that give expression to these goals and methods. The study concludes with suggested avenues into curriculum review that would operationalise the insights developed by this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
National liberation movement in the international political arena: a case study of the African National Congress at the United Nations (1960 to February 1990)
- Authors: Mopp, Adrian Carl
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: United Nations -- South Africa , African National Congress -- History , Economic sanctions -- South Africa , Boycotts -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2808 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003018 , United Nations -- South Africa , African National Congress -- History , Economic sanctions -- South Africa , Boycotts -- South Africa
- Description: The African National Congress (ANC) was the leading opponent of the South African Government's Apartheid policies. It was engaged in an Anti-Apartheid struggle and as part thereof called for South Africa's diplomatic isolation. In the course of its struggle, the ANC sought international support. Given the stature of the United Nations (UN) as the foremost international organisation, the ANC campaigned at the UN for South Africa's diplomatic isolation. This thesis focuses on the activities of African National Co~gress at the United Nations. It firstly outlines a brief history of the ANC and the UN and examines the relationship which developed between the two organisations. It then focuses on the activities of the ANC at the UN which were aimed at isolating South Africa diplomatically from the international community. Finally a brief assessment of the extent of South Africa's diplomatic isolation is provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Mopp, Adrian Carl
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: United Nations -- South Africa , African National Congress -- History , Economic sanctions -- South Africa , Boycotts -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2808 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003018 , United Nations -- South Africa , African National Congress -- History , Economic sanctions -- South Africa , Boycotts -- South Africa
- Description: The African National Congress (ANC) was the leading opponent of the South African Government's Apartheid policies. It was engaged in an Anti-Apartheid struggle and as part thereof called for South Africa's diplomatic isolation. In the course of its struggle, the ANC sought international support. Given the stature of the United Nations (UN) as the foremost international organisation, the ANC campaigned at the UN for South Africa's diplomatic isolation. This thesis focuses on the activities of African National Co~gress at the United Nations. It firstly outlines a brief history of the ANC and the UN and examines the relationship which developed between the two organisations. It then focuses on the activities of the ANC at the UN which were aimed at isolating South Africa diplomatically from the international community. Finally a brief assessment of the extent of South Africa's diplomatic isolation is provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
The implications of the IMF programme in Zambia: lessons for South Africa in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)
- Authors: Motsilili, Phoka
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: International Monetary Fund , Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) , Social service -- South Africa , Economic assistance -- South Africa , Zambia -- Economic conditions -- 1964-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2811 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003021 , International Monetary Fund , Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) , Social service -- South Africa , Economic assistance -- South Africa , Zambia -- Economic conditions -- 1964-
- Description: This study attempts to present a comparative analysis of the implication of the IMF in Zambia and South Africa in its Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). In examining the IMF programme, the study focuses on the Fund's understanding of such economies and its prescriptions for development. It is argued that IMF's familiar orthodoxy will have disastrous consequences for South Africa's poor, disadvantaged and rural communities. Finally, the IMF's market-oriented policy prescriptions are likely to erode democracy and have devastating effects to people-centred development programmes such as the RDP.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Motsilili, Phoka
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: International Monetary Fund , Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) , Social service -- South Africa , Economic assistance -- South Africa , Zambia -- Economic conditions -- 1964-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2811 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003021 , International Monetary Fund , Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) , Social service -- South Africa , Economic assistance -- South Africa , Zambia -- Economic conditions -- 1964-
- Description: This study attempts to present a comparative analysis of the implication of the IMF in Zambia and South Africa in its Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). In examining the IMF programme, the study focuses on the Fund's understanding of such economies and its prescriptions for development. It is argued that IMF's familiar orthodoxy will have disastrous consequences for South Africa's poor, disadvantaged and rural communities. Finally, the IMF's market-oriented policy prescriptions are likely to erode democracy and have devastating effects to people-centred development programmes such as the RDP.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Economic incentives in controlling pollution in the South African leather industry
- Authors: Mowat, Shaun Phillip
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Leather industry and trade -- South Africa , Tanneries -- Waste disposal -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:1010 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002745 , Leather industry and trade -- South Africa , Tanneries -- Waste disposal -- Economic aspects
- Description: The objective of the research was to ascertain whether, when compared to a system'of standards, the theoretical promise that economic incentives offered as a low cost solution to the abatement problem, would hold in practice. This was done by applying environmental economic theory to the practical problem of controlling the effluent generated by firms in the South African leather industry. It was found that in this instance the theory did indeed hold in practice. Furthermore, it was found that of the incentives discussed by the theory, marketable permits were the most economically efficient. It was however shown that a charge - not discussed in the ., theory - based on a central treatment agency's (CTA) cost of treatment offered the least cost solution to the abatement problem when the CTA could do at least some of the effluent treatment at a lower cost than the firms. - In addition a formula was developed to show the net benefits accruing to an individual firm if it undertook to treat its effluent. It was shown that in order to maximise the total benefits of treatment, a firm should treat until its net benefits of treatment were zero. A number of problem however were found to exist when the theory was applied to a practical situation. The most important was the "stepped" nature of the firms marginal abatement cost curves which meant that the setting of a charge based on a trial and error method would prove to be more difficult than the theory envisaged. Furthermore, it meant that no matter what method of pollution control was used, it would prove i~possible to reduce effluent to an optimal level. It was recommended that greater use be made of economic incentives to control all industrial effluent. It would nonetheless be necessary to do more research in this field as the theory was not tailor made for all practical situations. Further evidence of the viability of economic incentives could however encourage wider use by policy makers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Mowat, Shaun Phillip
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Leather industry and trade -- South Africa , Tanneries -- Waste disposal -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:1010 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002745 , Leather industry and trade -- South Africa , Tanneries -- Waste disposal -- Economic aspects
- Description: The objective of the research was to ascertain whether, when compared to a system'of standards, the theoretical promise that economic incentives offered as a low cost solution to the abatement problem, would hold in practice. This was done by applying environmental economic theory to the practical problem of controlling the effluent generated by firms in the South African leather industry. It was found that in this instance the theory did indeed hold in practice. Furthermore, it was found that of the incentives discussed by the theory, marketable permits were the most economically efficient. It was however shown that a charge - not discussed in the ., theory - based on a central treatment agency's (CTA) cost of treatment offered the least cost solution to the abatement problem when the CTA could do at least some of the effluent treatment at a lower cost than the firms. - In addition a formula was developed to show the net benefits accruing to an individual firm if it undertook to treat its effluent. It was shown that in order to maximise the total benefits of treatment, a firm should treat until its net benefits of treatment were zero. A number of problem however were found to exist when the theory was applied to a practical situation. The most important was the "stepped" nature of the firms marginal abatement cost curves which meant that the setting of a charge based on a trial and error method would prove to be more difficult than the theory envisaged. Furthermore, it meant that no matter what method of pollution control was used, it would prove i~possible to reduce effluent to an optimal level. It was recommended that greater use be made of economic incentives to control all industrial effluent. It would nonetheless be necessary to do more research in this field as the theory was not tailor made for all practical situations. Further evidence of the viability of economic incentives could however encourage wider use by policy makers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
The geology of the Unki platinum-base metal deposit, Selukwe subchamber, great dyke, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Murahwi, Charley Zvinaiye
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Platinum ores -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4962 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005574 , Platinum ores -- Zimbabwe
- Description: This thesis focuses on platinu'm group element (PGE) mineralization in the Unki Section of the Selukwe Subchamber of the Great Dyke (Zimbabwe), and is based on drill hole intersections and underground and surface exposures of the Main Sulphide Zone (MSZ) which hosts significant concentrations of PGE. The petrological and geochemical data presented are part of a broader study currently underway and the present are restricted to the 2m section of the PGE-rich MSZ encountered in drill hole MR126. The PGE-rich MSZ at Unki is unique in having a shear, locally referred to as the Footwall Shear, developed at or close to its base . It is however, similar to the other PGE occurrences on the Great Dyke (MSZ) in having its hanging-wall restricted to within 1m of the websterite/bronzitite contact. Slight axial tilting to t he west is indicated by steeper dips on the eastern flank. The sulphide concentration wit hin the MSZ can be used as a rough guide to the PGE-rich zone, but is not sufficiently precise to be used in stope control. The visual identification of the potentially mineable zone remains a problem that is unlikely to be solved. Based on petrological evidence, the bulk of the sulphides with which the PGE are associated, are cumulus in status. This provides unequivocal evidence for an orthomagmatic origin of the MSZ. The dominant platinum group mineral (PGM) phase is the Arsenide/Sperrylite group which is most commonly found at the contact zones between base metal sulphides (BMS) and gangue. The PGM range up to 90 ~m in length. Geochemical evidence from the analyses of cumulate orthopyroxenes through the 2m PGE-rich MSZ interval at Unki reveals a trend of arked Fe enrichment upwards which corresponds to an enrichment in sulphide. This indicates that precipitation of sulphide was caused by fractionation with lowering of temperature in the magma. The Fe enrichment is followed by a reversal in Mg# of orthopyroxene which corresponds to the decrease in sulphide content, suggest i ng that the termination of the PGE-rich MSZ was due to an increase in temperature associated with an influx of new magma. Coupled with these magmatic events are a complex interplay of chemical and physical processes occurring at a critical stage in the overall fractionation of the Great Dyke magma chamber. The overall persistence and continuity of t he PGE zone as observed in the Unki area is consistent with the inferred orthomagmatic origin of the mineralization
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Murahwi, Charley Zvinaiye
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Platinum ores -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4962 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005574 , Platinum ores -- Zimbabwe
- Description: This thesis focuses on platinu'm group element (PGE) mineralization in the Unki Section of the Selukwe Subchamber of the Great Dyke (Zimbabwe), and is based on drill hole intersections and underground and surface exposures of the Main Sulphide Zone (MSZ) which hosts significant concentrations of PGE. The petrological and geochemical data presented are part of a broader study currently underway and the present are restricted to the 2m section of the PGE-rich MSZ encountered in drill hole MR126. The PGE-rich MSZ at Unki is unique in having a shear, locally referred to as the Footwall Shear, developed at or close to its base . It is however, similar to the other PGE occurrences on the Great Dyke (MSZ) in having its hanging-wall restricted to within 1m of the websterite/bronzitite contact. Slight axial tilting to t he west is indicated by steeper dips on the eastern flank. The sulphide concentration wit hin the MSZ can be used as a rough guide to the PGE-rich zone, but is not sufficiently precise to be used in stope control. The visual identification of the potentially mineable zone remains a problem that is unlikely to be solved. Based on petrological evidence, the bulk of the sulphides with which the PGE are associated, are cumulus in status. This provides unequivocal evidence for an orthomagmatic origin of the MSZ. The dominant platinum group mineral (PGM) phase is the Arsenide/Sperrylite group which is most commonly found at the contact zones between base metal sulphides (BMS) and gangue. The PGM range up to 90 ~m in length. Geochemical evidence from the analyses of cumulate orthopyroxenes through the 2m PGE-rich MSZ interval at Unki reveals a trend of arked Fe enrichment upwards which corresponds to an enrichment in sulphide. This indicates that precipitation of sulphide was caused by fractionation with lowering of temperature in the magma. The Fe enrichment is followed by a reversal in Mg# of orthopyroxene which corresponds to the decrease in sulphide content, suggest i ng that the termination of the PGE-rich MSZ was due to an increase in temperature associated with an influx of new magma. Coupled with these magmatic events are a complex interplay of chemical and physical processes occurring at a critical stage in the overall fractionation of the Great Dyke magma chamber. The overall persistence and continuity of t he PGE zone as observed in the Unki area is consistent with the inferred orthomagmatic origin of the mineralization
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
An exploration into the photo-transformation of the human form, through a research of its contemporary influential imagery and diversity within our culture
- Authors: Murphy, Alexandra Christina
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Photography, Artistic Photography of the nude Human figure in art Portrait photography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2416 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002212
- Description: The purpose of this study is to look at how the figure is imaged through the photographic medium today. Through this purpose I aim to explore the individual expression of the photographer in his photographic medium; the expression of the figure within the medium and the diverse practises of this medium in society - to build up an awareness and understanding of the diverse representations of the human form. The general aims of study are: 1 - to study how these three photographers choose to photograph the figure, through their technical, compositional and individual approach. 2 - to show how diverse the usage of the photographic figure is in the visual world. 3 - to expose an awareness of the photographic figure as transformation of an expression of self. 4 - to show the relationship between the photographer and the figure, the camera and the photographer, the camera and the figure, and the photographic figure and the viewer. 5 - to study my own photographic imagery in relation to the other imagery discussed. My research information was collected through: observations, discussions, literature and practical exploration. This study will attempt to draw conclusions, from its explorations, that will highlight the importance of the individual eye: that it is the individual eye that becomes the vehicle of transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Murphy, Alexandra Christina
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Photography, Artistic Photography of the nude Human figure in art Portrait photography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2416 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002212
- Description: The purpose of this study is to look at how the figure is imaged through the photographic medium today. Through this purpose I aim to explore the individual expression of the photographer in his photographic medium; the expression of the figure within the medium and the diverse practises of this medium in society - to build up an awareness and understanding of the diverse representations of the human form. The general aims of study are: 1 - to study how these three photographers choose to photograph the figure, through their technical, compositional and individual approach. 2 - to show how diverse the usage of the photographic figure is in the visual world. 3 - to expose an awareness of the photographic figure as transformation of an expression of self. 4 - to show the relationship between the photographer and the figure, the camera and the photographer, the camera and the figure, and the photographic figure and the viewer. 5 - to study my own photographic imagery in relation to the other imagery discussed. My research information was collected through: observations, discussions, literature and practical exploration. This study will attempt to draw conclusions, from its explorations, that will highlight the importance of the individual eye: that it is the individual eye that becomes the vehicle of transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Religion, tradition and custom in a Zulu male vocal idiom
- Ndlovu, Caesar Maxwell Jeffrey
- Authors: Ndlovu, Caesar Maxwell Jeffrey
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Songs, Zulu Zulu (African people) -- Social life and customs Zionist churches (Africa) -- South Africa -- Transkei Church music -- South Africa African indigenous/independent churches
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2650 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002315
- Description: The study is about a Zulu male vocal tradition called isicathamiya performed by 'migrants' in all night competitions called ingomabusuku. This is a performance style popularized by the award winning group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Isicathamiya, both in its symbolic structure and in the social and culturalpractice of its proponents has much in common with the ritual practices of Zionists. And Zionists are worshippers who integrate traditional beliefs and Christianity. This study will reveal that isicathamiya performance and Zionists are linked in three major areas:in the sqcial bases and practice of its proponents, in the structural properties of their performances and tn the meanings attached to these practices. Firstly, Zionists, who are also called a Separatist or African Independent church, and isicathamiya performers have minimal education and are employed in low income jobs in the cities. Most groups are formed with 'homeboy networks'. Furthermore, performers, unlike their brothers in the city, cling tenaciously to usiko [custom and tradition]. Although they are Christians, they still worship Umvelinqangi [The One Who Came First], by giving oblations and other forms of offerings. Amadlozi [the ancestors] are still believed to be their mediators with God. Also commonplace in this category is the practice of ukuchatha, [cleansing the stomach with some prepared medicine]; and ukuphalaza [taking out bile by spewing, which is also done as a way of warding off evil spirits]. These are rural practices that have meaning in their present domiciles. The second area of similarity consists in the structure of the nocturnal gatherings that form the core of the ritual and performance practices among isicathamiya singers and Zionists. Thus, a core of the ritual of Zionists is umlindelo [night vigil] which takes place every weekend from about 8 at night until the following day. Likewise, isicathamiya performers have competitions every Saturday evening from 8 at night until about 11 am the following day. Although Zionists night vigils are liturgical and isicathamiya competitions secular, the structures of both isicathamiya choreography and Zionists body movements appear the same. These movements are both rooted in a variety of traditional styles called ingoma. Thirdly, the meanings attached to these symbolic correspondences must be looked for in the selective appropriation of practices and beliefs taken to be traditional. Using present day commentaries in song and movement, ingoma and other rural styles performed in competitions and Zionists night vigils reflect a reconstruction of the past. Isicathamiya performers and Zionists see themselves as custodians of Zulu tradition, keeping Zulu ethnicity alive in the urban environment. This is why in this study we are going to see rural styles like ingoma, isifekezeli [war drills], ukusina [solo dancing] that were performed on the fields, now performed, sort of feigned and 'held in' as they are p~rformed in dance halls with wooden stages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Ndlovu, Caesar Maxwell Jeffrey
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Songs, Zulu Zulu (African people) -- Social life and customs Zionist churches (Africa) -- South Africa -- Transkei Church music -- South Africa African indigenous/independent churches
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2650 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002315
- Description: The study is about a Zulu male vocal tradition called isicathamiya performed by 'migrants' in all night competitions called ingomabusuku. This is a performance style popularized by the award winning group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Isicathamiya, both in its symbolic structure and in the social and culturalpractice of its proponents has much in common with the ritual practices of Zionists. And Zionists are worshippers who integrate traditional beliefs and Christianity. This study will reveal that isicathamiya performance and Zionists are linked in three major areas:in the sqcial bases and practice of its proponents, in the structural properties of their performances and tn the meanings attached to these practices. Firstly, Zionists, who are also called a Separatist or African Independent church, and isicathamiya performers have minimal education and are employed in low income jobs in the cities. Most groups are formed with 'homeboy networks'. Furthermore, performers, unlike their brothers in the city, cling tenaciously to usiko [custom and tradition]. Although they are Christians, they still worship Umvelinqangi [The One Who Came First], by giving oblations and other forms of offerings. Amadlozi [the ancestors] are still believed to be their mediators with God. Also commonplace in this category is the practice of ukuchatha, [cleansing the stomach with some prepared medicine]; and ukuphalaza [taking out bile by spewing, which is also done as a way of warding off evil spirits]. These are rural practices that have meaning in their present domiciles. The second area of similarity consists in the structure of the nocturnal gatherings that form the core of the ritual and performance practices among isicathamiya singers and Zionists. Thus, a core of the ritual of Zionists is umlindelo [night vigil] which takes place every weekend from about 8 at night until the following day. Likewise, isicathamiya performers have competitions every Saturday evening from 8 at night until about 11 am the following day. Although Zionists night vigils are liturgical and isicathamiya competitions secular, the structures of both isicathamiya choreography and Zionists body movements appear the same. These movements are both rooted in a variety of traditional styles called ingoma. Thirdly, the meanings attached to these symbolic correspondences must be looked for in the selective appropriation of practices and beliefs taken to be traditional. Using present day commentaries in song and movement, ingoma and other rural styles performed in competitions and Zionists night vigils reflect a reconstruction of the past. Isicathamiya performers and Zionists see themselves as custodians of Zulu tradition, keeping Zulu ethnicity alive in the urban environment. This is why in this study we are going to see rural styles like ingoma, isifekezeli [war drills], ukusina [solo dancing] that were performed on the fields, now performed, sort of feigned and 'held in' as they are p~rformed in dance halls with wooden stages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Regional development planning in the Border-Ciskei-Transkei region: an examination of its implementation, effects and implications
- Nel, E L
- Authors: Nel, E L
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Regional planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Regional planning -- South Africa -- Transkei Regional planning -- South Africa -- Ciskei Rural development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1899 , vital:20237 , ISBN 0868103098
- Description: This paper examines the implementation and effects of regional development planning in the former Border-Ciskei-Transkei region of South Africa. State planning strategies were utilized for more than 30 years to further the ends of apartheid by trying to turn the black 'Homelands', into independent economic entities. In addition, the results of the dubious strategies applied and their implications receive particular attention. This is particularly significant in terms of the recent closure of numerous firms in the region as a result of exposure to market forces. The study aims to document and analyse what happened in the area, to detail the conclusions that can be derived from the experience and, by implication, to raise issues which future planners need to take into consideration. The experience of decades of politically-based planning of the economy led to a situation which subsidised inefficiency, encouraged exploitation and failed to leave a sustainable industrial base. Firms were drawn in by the incentives offered and not by inherent locational advantages. The weak economic linkages which resulted and the current disinvestment in the wake of the termination of incentives are an indictment against the policy. The saga of regional development in the Border-Ciskei- Transkei region vividly illustrates the need for future planners to take cognizance of key economic realities when contemplating such strategies. The new government should not repeat the mistake of attracting and subsidising industrial firms which have only tenuous links with the host economy and which require state support to operate profitably. Appropriate policies to assist the most needy remain an urgent necessity which the new government has yet to address properly. This study is based on surveys of manufacturing firms in the region which received state support, interviews with government and development agents, chambers of commerce and municipalities as well as a detailed review of published reports, academic articles and research projects. The time frame of the study extends from the early 1940s when the first attempts at regional development planning were made, through to 1993, the latest year for which data is available. This permits a broad sweep to be made of policies from the apartheid to the post-apartheid period. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Nel, E L
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Regional planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Regional planning -- South Africa -- Transkei Regional planning -- South Africa -- Ciskei Rural development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1899 , vital:20237 , ISBN 0868103098
- Description: This paper examines the implementation and effects of regional development planning in the former Border-Ciskei-Transkei region of South Africa. State planning strategies were utilized for more than 30 years to further the ends of apartheid by trying to turn the black 'Homelands', into independent economic entities. In addition, the results of the dubious strategies applied and their implications receive particular attention. This is particularly significant in terms of the recent closure of numerous firms in the region as a result of exposure to market forces. The study aims to document and analyse what happened in the area, to detail the conclusions that can be derived from the experience and, by implication, to raise issues which future planners need to take into consideration. The experience of decades of politically-based planning of the economy led to a situation which subsidised inefficiency, encouraged exploitation and failed to leave a sustainable industrial base. Firms were drawn in by the incentives offered and not by inherent locational advantages. The weak economic linkages which resulted and the current disinvestment in the wake of the termination of incentives are an indictment against the policy. The saga of regional development in the Border-Ciskei- Transkei region vividly illustrates the need for future planners to take cognizance of key economic realities when contemplating such strategies. The new government should not repeat the mistake of attracting and subsidising industrial firms which have only tenuous links with the host economy and which require state support to operate profitably. Appropriate policies to assist the most needy remain an urgent necessity which the new government has yet to address properly. This study is based on surveys of manufacturing firms in the region which received state support, interviews with government and development agents, chambers of commerce and municipalities as well as a detailed review of published reports, academic articles and research projects. The time frame of the study extends from the early 1940s when the first attempts at regional development planning were made, through to 1993, the latest year for which data is available. This permits a broad sweep to be made of policies from the apartheid to the post-apartheid period. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996