An assessment of the challenges to housing delievery in the Engcobo Municipality - Eastern Cape
- Authors: Jiyose, L
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Housing policy -- South Africa , Public housing , Low-income housing
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25613 , vital:64342
- Description: The intention of this study was to examine the challenges facing housing service delivery and its impact in Ngcobo Municipality. The study was also focusing on the factors that prevent/hinder the delivery of houses in Ngcobo. In this process the role of the different stakeholders has been identified and it became apparent that the spheres of government do not always complement each other or plan together. There was not a single window of co-ordination and this has resulted in a lack of support by National and Provincial government to the local sphere. The role of politicians and government officials and their lack of understanding of government policies has led to poor housing service delivery. In some instances their inability to work as a collective created tension and a lack of trust on the part of the community. This study has adopted both qualitative and quantitative research methods which are regarded as complementary. The findings that emerged from the study was that this housing service delivery project lacked integrated planning by the stakeholders. It is crucial and would make a significant difference if the Ngcobo Municipality were to review the results of the study and consider implementing its recommendations. The recommendations by the researcher relate to the areas of integrated planning, budgeting, execution, monitoring and evaluation. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Jiyose, L
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Housing policy -- South Africa , Public housing , Low-income housing
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25613 , vital:64342
- Description: The intention of this study was to examine the challenges facing housing service delivery and its impact in Ngcobo Municipality. The study was also focusing on the factors that prevent/hinder the delivery of houses in Ngcobo. In this process the role of the different stakeholders has been identified and it became apparent that the spheres of government do not always complement each other or plan together. There was not a single window of co-ordination and this has resulted in a lack of support by National and Provincial government to the local sphere. The role of politicians and government officials and their lack of understanding of government policies has led to poor housing service delivery. In some instances their inability to work as a collective created tension and a lack of trust on the part of the community. This study has adopted both qualitative and quantitative research methods which are regarded as complementary. The findings that emerged from the study was that this housing service delivery project lacked integrated planning by the stakeholders. It is crucial and would make a significant difference if the Ngcobo Municipality were to review the results of the study and consider implementing its recommendations. The recommendations by the researcher relate to the areas of integrated planning, budgeting, execution, monitoring and evaluation. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the impact of animal traction on rural household food security: a case of Damane rural community of Cofimvaba in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Manzana, Sihle
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Animal traction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11208 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016162 , Animal traction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This dissertation assesses the impact of animal traction on rural household food security. Since rural communities do not have sufficient agricultural capital to purchase improved agricultural technologies for better crop production, and often lack knowledge and skills to apply improved technologies low-cost alternatives must be sought. For these reasons, animal traction has been seen by researchers as an affordable, easy-to-use, sustainable and appropriate operation for crops production in rural areas. Animal traction has been long used and it continues to be used in rural areas to improve food insecurities. But the system confronts a number of constraints that impede the development of its full potential and these should be addressed in order to reap the full benefits of agricultural restructuring in the rural areas. A study was carried out in Damane rural village under Ntsika Yethu Municipality in the Eastern Cape where animal traction is very popular. A total of 80 small-scale farmers were interviewed by means of structured questionnaires to collect data from adopters and non-adopters of animal traction. A wide range of analytical techniques were employed to assess the impact of animal traction on household food production. Descriptive statistics was employed for analyses of demographic, agricultural production process of the surveyed households and challenges encountered by households. Multiple Linear Regression was applied to determine the factors affecting animal traction use and the extent to which they contribute to gross farm production. The results of the multiple linear regressions showed that animal traction played a significant role in the total output of all the crops produced last season. The results of the t- tests showed that animal traction was the most effective technology compared to the simple hand-tools such as fork, fork spade and hoes. The binary logistic regression was employed to test the probability that resource poor households would adopt animal traction technology. It is therefore recommended that government should support animal traction users by providing all the necessary resources for development of animal in rural South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Manzana, Sihle
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Animal traction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11208 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016162 , Animal traction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This dissertation assesses the impact of animal traction on rural household food security. Since rural communities do not have sufficient agricultural capital to purchase improved agricultural technologies for better crop production, and often lack knowledge and skills to apply improved technologies low-cost alternatives must be sought. For these reasons, animal traction has been seen by researchers as an affordable, easy-to-use, sustainable and appropriate operation for crops production in rural areas. Animal traction has been long used and it continues to be used in rural areas to improve food insecurities. But the system confronts a number of constraints that impede the development of its full potential and these should be addressed in order to reap the full benefits of agricultural restructuring in the rural areas. A study was carried out in Damane rural village under Ntsika Yethu Municipality in the Eastern Cape where animal traction is very popular. A total of 80 small-scale farmers were interviewed by means of structured questionnaires to collect data from adopters and non-adopters of animal traction. A wide range of analytical techniques were employed to assess the impact of animal traction on household food production. Descriptive statistics was employed for analyses of demographic, agricultural production process of the surveyed households and challenges encountered by households. Multiple Linear Regression was applied to determine the factors affecting animal traction use and the extent to which they contribute to gross farm production. The results of the multiple linear regressions showed that animal traction played a significant role in the total output of all the crops produced last season. The results of the t- tests showed that animal traction was the most effective technology compared to the simple hand-tools such as fork, fork spade and hoes. The binary logistic regression was employed to test the probability that resource poor households would adopt animal traction technology. It is therefore recommended that government should support animal traction users by providing all the necessary resources for development of animal in rural South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the implementation of local economic development: a case study of Nkonkobe Local municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Linake, Nthekeleng
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1151 , vital:26530
- Description: In efforts to alleviate poverty in South Africa, the democratic Government has since 1994 implemented various programs and policies that aim to alleviate income poverty through stimulating employment, developing skills and improving service delivery. One of these policies is Local Economic Development (LED). LED has been adopted by the South African government as a shift from the purely service oriented to developmental local government. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 commits local government to the promotion of social and economic development. Section 152 (1) (b) of the Constitution 1996 further states that local government should ensure that services are delivered in a sustainable manner. The Local Economic Development as a strategy that is aimed at stimulating economic activities at the local sphere has been hailed for its participative nature with communities. Local communities cease to be mere recipients of services; rather they become actively involved in their own economic development. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the effectiveness of the implementation of LED strategies in Nkonkobe Municipality, to find out how Nkonkobe Municipality communities perceive municipal LED efforts and initiatives for poverty alleviation, to determine the challenges which are faced by Nkonkobe Municipality in terms of implementing its LED strategies and to make recommendations on how LED can be strengthened, supported and or improved in Nkonkobe Municipality. Qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used in this study. The study findings suggest that there is still a lot to be done in order to implement LED in Nkonkobe Municipality. There are a number of recommendations made by the researcher to assist the municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Linake, Nthekeleng
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1151 , vital:26530
- Description: In efforts to alleviate poverty in South Africa, the democratic Government has since 1994 implemented various programs and policies that aim to alleviate income poverty through stimulating employment, developing skills and improving service delivery. One of these policies is Local Economic Development (LED). LED has been adopted by the South African government as a shift from the purely service oriented to developmental local government. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 commits local government to the promotion of social and economic development. Section 152 (1) (b) of the Constitution 1996 further states that local government should ensure that services are delivered in a sustainable manner. The Local Economic Development as a strategy that is aimed at stimulating economic activities at the local sphere has been hailed for its participative nature with communities. Local communities cease to be mere recipients of services; rather they become actively involved in their own economic development. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the effectiveness of the implementation of LED strategies in Nkonkobe Municipality, to find out how Nkonkobe Municipality communities perceive municipal LED efforts and initiatives for poverty alleviation, to determine the challenges which are faced by Nkonkobe Municipality in terms of implementing its LED strategies and to make recommendations on how LED can be strengthened, supported and or improved in Nkonkobe Municipality. Qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used in this study. The study findings suggest that there is still a lot to be done in order to implement LED in Nkonkobe Municipality. There are a number of recommendations made by the researcher to assist the municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality's local government turnaround strategy : a governance perspective
- Authors: Jakoet-Salie, Amina
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Public administration -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Business planning -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (South Africa) -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8320 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020143
- Description: This study assessed the Local Government Turnaround Strategy (LGTAS), from a governance perspective, in addressing service delivery challenges in local government, with specific reference to the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM). The research study comprises six chapters. The research is based on the assumption that one of the biggest challenges facing most municipalities in South Africa is lack of universal access to water and electricity, sanitation, refuse removal systems and local economic development. As a result of these challenges, the NMBM has implemented the NMBM Turnaround Strategy so that it can fulfill its constitutional developmental mandate conferred on it by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. The research study provided a brief historical background on the development and transformation of local government in South Africa. This research adopted both the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The purpose of the research study was to describe and explore the 2009 Local Government Turnaround Strategy (LGTAS) with specific reference to the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM). The evaluation of the LGTAS of the NMBM will therefore be fundamentally descriptive, but highly exploratory in nature. The empirical survey was employed for purposes of the study and the interpretation of the research findings were analysed and described. As a metropolitan municipality, the NMBM has been entrenched with a responsibility to promote developmental progression within its locality (Integrated Development Plan: 2007). This research also identified the strengths and the weaknesses of the LGTAS as it is regarded as critical in successful service delivery. It is envisaged that this research will assist the NMBM, and other municipalities’ country-wide, to identify challenges that they are faced with and deal with it accordingly in terms of the objectives identified in the LGTAS. Furthermore, this research study envisages promoting sustainable development within the NMBM as well as improving the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery that will ensure communities of their well-being and dignity. Various recommendations are presented, based on the findings primarily from the literature review and empirical survey, on how the existing status quo of the NMBM can be changed to enhance service delivery and be aligned to the Batho Pele principles. If these recommendations are adopted, the NMBM will be able to deal more effectively and efficiently with the developmental obstacles it currently faces.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Jakoet-Salie, Amina
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Public administration -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Business planning -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (South Africa) -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8320 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020143
- Description: This study assessed the Local Government Turnaround Strategy (LGTAS), from a governance perspective, in addressing service delivery challenges in local government, with specific reference to the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM). The research study comprises six chapters. The research is based on the assumption that one of the biggest challenges facing most municipalities in South Africa is lack of universal access to water and electricity, sanitation, refuse removal systems and local economic development. As a result of these challenges, the NMBM has implemented the NMBM Turnaround Strategy so that it can fulfill its constitutional developmental mandate conferred on it by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. The research study provided a brief historical background on the development and transformation of local government in South Africa. This research adopted both the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The purpose of the research study was to describe and explore the 2009 Local Government Turnaround Strategy (LGTAS) with specific reference to the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM). The evaluation of the LGTAS of the NMBM will therefore be fundamentally descriptive, but highly exploratory in nature. The empirical survey was employed for purposes of the study and the interpretation of the research findings were analysed and described. As a metropolitan municipality, the NMBM has been entrenched with a responsibility to promote developmental progression within its locality (Integrated Development Plan: 2007). This research also identified the strengths and the weaknesses of the LGTAS as it is regarded as critical in successful service delivery. It is envisaged that this research will assist the NMBM, and other municipalities’ country-wide, to identify challenges that they are faced with and deal with it accordingly in terms of the objectives identified in the LGTAS. Furthermore, this research study envisages promoting sustainable development within the NMBM as well as improving the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery that will ensure communities of their well-being and dignity. Various recommendations are presented, based on the findings primarily from the literature review and empirical survey, on how the existing status quo of the NMBM can be changed to enhance service delivery and be aligned to the Batho Pele principles. If these recommendations are adopted, the NMBM will be able to deal more effectively and efficiently with the developmental obstacles it currently faces.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the role of agricultural projetcs in poverty alleviation at Ngqushwa Local Municipality
- Authors: Guzana, Andile
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8328 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020351
- Description: This study assessed the role of agricultural projects in poverty alleviation at Ngqushwa local municipality. These projects are very important for poverty alleviation and to fight the growing levels of unemployment in the Eastern Cape. Despite the advantages of these projects, there are challenges that impact negatively on the implementation of these projects such as conflict, lack of resources, market failure and these projects are too disconnected. Consequently, the projects do not achieve their intended objectives and there are high levels of dissatisfaction among project members. The study was conducted in two wards of Ngqushwa local municipality, and two projects were selected from each ward and ten members were selected from each project and the total number of a sample for the study was forty project members. The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected through questionnaires, document analysis and observations. The sampling method that was used to select respondents or participants was purposive. The findings of the study indicated that agricultural projects in this area did not bring about any significant reduction in poverty, and they did not bring about any significant economic development. The study also revealed that there was lack of community participation in matters pertaining to community development and lack of support by all relevant stakeholders which resulted in failure at the implementation phase. The researcher also discovered that the poverty alleviation approach was mainly focused on one type of project, other than looking at other avenues to ensure that those who do not have interest in food gardens are given alternative opportunities like cattle farming. In view of these findings, the study recognises a need for empowerment in terms of knowledge and skills, understanding and resource management of agricultural projects. The study thus recommended that community members should be actively involved in community development projects. Additionally, the study recommended for the establishment or formulation of new policies or amendments of the existing policies in order to boost agriculture in rural areas so as to be able to alleviate poverty effectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Guzana, Andile
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8328 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020351
- Description: This study assessed the role of agricultural projects in poverty alleviation at Ngqushwa local municipality. These projects are very important for poverty alleviation and to fight the growing levels of unemployment in the Eastern Cape. Despite the advantages of these projects, there are challenges that impact negatively on the implementation of these projects such as conflict, lack of resources, market failure and these projects are too disconnected. Consequently, the projects do not achieve their intended objectives and there are high levels of dissatisfaction among project members. The study was conducted in two wards of Ngqushwa local municipality, and two projects were selected from each ward and ten members were selected from each project and the total number of a sample for the study was forty project members. The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected through questionnaires, document analysis and observations. The sampling method that was used to select respondents or participants was purposive. The findings of the study indicated that agricultural projects in this area did not bring about any significant reduction in poverty, and they did not bring about any significant economic development. The study also revealed that there was lack of community participation in matters pertaining to community development and lack of support by all relevant stakeholders which resulted in failure at the implementation phase. The researcher also discovered that the poverty alleviation approach was mainly focused on one type of project, other than looking at other avenues to ensure that those who do not have interest in food gardens are given alternative opportunities like cattle farming. In view of these findings, the study recognises a need for empowerment in terms of knowledge and skills, understanding and resource management of agricultural projects. The study thus recommended that community members should be actively involved in community development projects. Additionally, the study recommended for the establishment or formulation of new policies or amendments of the existing policies in order to boost agriculture in rural areas so as to be able to alleviate poverty effectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the role of Councillors in their oversight mandate: a case of the Chris Hani district municipality: 2011-2013
- Authors: Shweni, Zenzile Raymond
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1023 , vital:26519
- Description: According to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, Local Government is the closest sphere of government to the people and thus regarded as the service delivery mechanism of government. In the same context municipal councils are accorded a legal status and authority of a deliberative legislative body. This is considered critical for the municipal council to establish appropriate structures, processes and systems for effective oversight, particularly, oversight of budget execution and administrative processes. However, indications are that, the current legal and institutional measures need to be strengthened to enable municipal council to exercise oversight of the budget execution. In this study, the researcher conducted extensive literature on the roles and responsibilities of Councillors as prescribed in the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act and Municipal Structures Act respectively. An extensive review of the relevant local government legal provisions highlighted the authority of the municipal council, internal rules, reporting processes, council committees and the research capacity, as key aspects of the institutional measures required for oversight of budget execution. Equally, the review accentuated the ability and willingness of non-executive Councillors to exercise oversight in the affairs of the Municipality. A total of 20 research sample was selected for this research. Research participants were given research questionnaires for them to complete. This was completed and returned to the researcher for analysis. Key findings of the research was that, the municipal council must use its legal authority to reinforce mechanisms for effective oversight of budget execution. In addition, the municipal council needs to provide an enabling leadership and governance environment that encourages and support non-executive Councillors to actively engage in oversight processes and activities of the municipality. Further to the findings of this research, it was strongly recommended the further research in order to unearth the mechanisms that can further enable the Councillors to ensure optimum utilisation of resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Shweni, Zenzile Raymond
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1023 , vital:26519
- Description: According to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, Local Government is the closest sphere of government to the people and thus regarded as the service delivery mechanism of government. In the same context municipal councils are accorded a legal status and authority of a deliberative legislative body. This is considered critical for the municipal council to establish appropriate structures, processes and systems for effective oversight, particularly, oversight of budget execution and administrative processes. However, indications are that, the current legal and institutional measures need to be strengthened to enable municipal council to exercise oversight of the budget execution. In this study, the researcher conducted extensive literature on the roles and responsibilities of Councillors as prescribed in the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act and Municipal Structures Act respectively. An extensive review of the relevant local government legal provisions highlighted the authority of the municipal council, internal rules, reporting processes, council committees and the research capacity, as key aspects of the institutional measures required for oversight of budget execution. Equally, the review accentuated the ability and willingness of non-executive Councillors to exercise oversight in the affairs of the Municipality. A total of 20 research sample was selected for this research. Research participants were given research questionnaires for them to complete. This was completed and returned to the researcher for analysis. Key findings of the research was that, the municipal council must use its legal authority to reinforce mechanisms for effective oversight of budget execution. In addition, the municipal council needs to provide an enabling leadership and governance environment that encourages and support non-executive Councillors to actively engage in oversight processes and activities of the municipality. Further to the findings of this research, it was strongly recommended the further research in order to unearth the mechanisms that can further enable the Councillors to ensure optimum utilisation of resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the role of officials in housings service delivery in the Nelson Mandela bay Municipality
- Authors: Tutu, Jimmy Vuyisile
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Housing -- Protests -- Officials -- Service Delivery , Beneficiary -- Beneficiary Management -- Corruption
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11722 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1017867 , Housing -- Protests -- Officials -- Service Delivery , Beneficiary -- Beneficiary Management -- Corruption
- Description: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of the officials on housing service delivery in the Nelson Mandela by Municipality (NMBM). The role of the officials currently occupies the centre stage in the Public Service and they should be proud to be the servants of the people. Furthermore, they relish the challenge of providing improved services to all by applying the principles of Batho Pele. In order to meet the goals of the study, it was necessary to study the literature on the housing sector, in particular the role of Officials in the Nelson Mandela Municipality and the reasons why people marched and accused Officials of perceived Corruption in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. In order to address the research problem and to fulfill the research objectives, an in depth literature study was done. Empirical studies were done by means of face-to-face interviews and Questionnaires with the Sample population from the Community and the Department of Housing officials in NMBM. The findings of the study suggested that there is ineffective client interface, housing waiting lists are not properly managed, there is a lack of transparency in housing allocations, as well as favoritism by Officials, Councilors and Community leaders on the allocation of houses and there is also a problem of the illegal occupation of houses .The study further suggests that the role of Officials and Councilors needs to be improved if it is to serve as a catalyst for effective housing service delivery to the citizens of NMBM. Recommendations were put forward to assist the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in improving effective and efficiency Housing Service Delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Tutu, Jimmy Vuyisile
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Housing -- Protests -- Officials -- Service Delivery , Beneficiary -- Beneficiary Management -- Corruption
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11722 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1017867 , Housing -- Protests -- Officials -- Service Delivery , Beneficiary -- Beneficiary Management -- Corruption
- Description: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of the officials on housing service delivery in the Nelson Mandela by Municipality (NMBM). The role of the officials currently occupies the centre stage in the Public Service and they should be proud to be the servants of the people. Furthermore, they relish the challenge of providing improved services to all by applying the principles of Batho Pele. In order to meet the goals of the study, it was necessary to study the literature on the housing sector, in particular the role of Officials in the Nelson Mandela Municipality and the reasons why people marched and accused Officials of perceived Corruption in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. In order to address the research problem and to fulfill the research objectives, an in depth literature study was done. Empirical studies were done by means of face-to-face interviews and Questionnaires with the Sample population from the Community and the Department of Housing officials in NMBM. The findings of the study suggested that there is ineffective client interface, housing waiting lists are not properly managed, there is a lack of transparency in housing allocations, as well as favoritism by Officials, Councilors and Community leaders on the allocation of houses and there is also a problem of the illegal occupation of houses .The study further suggests that the role of Officials and Councilors needs to be improved if it is to serve as a catalyst for effective housing service delivery to the citizens of NMBM. Recommendations were put forward to assist the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in improving effective and efficiency Housing Service Delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the role South African Social Security Agency on poverty alleviation and reduction: a case study of the Eastern Cape province
- Authors: Manzi, Siphokazi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Public welfare -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Social security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Social service -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1579 , vital:27480
- Description: Poverty, unemployment and inequality constitute the three main challenges to the attainment of universal socio-economic development within the Republic of South Africa. The government is the Republic of South Africa is grappling to alleviate and eradicate poverty since the dawn of freedom in April 1994. Further, poverty and inequality is historically racially biased due to the segregation which non-whites suffered during the pre-freedom era. The Eastern Cape Province has been regard as the poorest of all the nine provinces in South Africa. The war on poverty in the province has been intensified through the utilisation of social grants as social safety nets under an inclusive social security system. Despite of this poverty alleviation intervention, the prevalence rates of poverty the province remains alarmingly high.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Manzi, Siphokazi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Public welfare -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Social security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Social service -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1579 , vital:27480
- Description: Poverty, unemployment and inequality constitute the three main challenges to the attainment of universal socio-economic development within the Republic of South Africa. The government is the Republic of South Africa is grappling to alleviate and eradicate poverty since the dawn of freedom in April 1994. Further, poverty and inequality is historically racially biased due to the segregation which non-whites suffered during the pre-freedom era. The Eastern Cape Province has been regard as the poorest of all the nine provinces in South Africa. The war on poverty in the province has been intensified through the utilisation of social grants as social safety nets under an inclusive social security system. Despite of this poverty alleviation intervention, the prevalence rates of poverty the province remains alarmingly high.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the roles of co-operatives as agents of development in rural areas: a case study of Inkwanca Local Municipality
- Authors: Mtshwelo, Linda Hombisa
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013542
- Description: The study assesses the role of co-operative societies in economic development. The study was undertaken to investigate the extent to which co-operatives can act as agents towards sustainable community development. Expectations were that cooperative members can perform better than individuals in terms of working together as a group, sharing responsibilities, contributing larger capital, bringing their skills together, incur lower expenses, generate higher income and therefore earn higher profits to be shared amongst themselves. This would enable members to be able to pay for their families’ basic needs and therefore enhance the standard of living of all members. The overall purpose of the study therefore is to investigate whether cooperatives are the best tools for rural development and poverty alleviation in Inkwanca Local Municipality. The research involves the collection of data from co-operative members in Molteno and Sterkstrooom. The data was analysed in order to establish the performance of cooperatives in terms of their leadership and management structures. The research further looks into the challenges and gaps in the co-operative sector in terms of performance by the members and support by the government and government agencies. The research also investigated the best model that can be used to improve co-operatives so that they can enhance the lives of community members in rural areas. In order to gather information, three different approaches were used in the action research which involved different instruments, such as questionnaires, interviews and observations. In spite of all the challenges facing co-operatives, they have been playing an increasingly important role in facilitating job creation, economic growth and social development. The study concludes by emphasising that for co-operatives to be continuously effective and successful, they must improve their ability to service their members. The study commends government for financial and non-financial support programmes although there is still a room for improvement. In addition, further research is needed o the role played by co-operatives as agents of development in rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Mtshwelo, Linda Hombisa
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013542
- Description: The study assesses the role of co-operative societies in economic development. The study was undertaken to investigate the extent to which co-operatives can act as agents towards sustainable community development. Expectations were that cooperative members can perform better than individuals in terms of working together as a group, sharing responsibilities, contributing larger capital, bringing their skills together, incur lower expenses, generate higher income and therefore earn higher profits to be shared amongst themselves. This would enable members to be able to pay for their families’ basic needs and therefore enhance the standard of living of all members. The overall purpose of the study therefore is to investigate whether cooperatives are the best tools for rural development and poverty alleviation in Inkwanca Local Municipality. The research involves the collection of data from co-operative members in Molteno and Sterkstrooom. The data was analysed in order to establish the performance of cooperatives in terms of their leadership and management structures. The research further looks into the challenges and gaps in the co-operative sector in terms of performance by the members and support by the government and government agencies. The research also investigated the best model that can be used to improve co-operatives so that they can enhance the lives of community members in rural areas. In order to gather information, three different approaches were used in the action research which involved different instruments, such as questionnaires, interviews and observations. In spite of all the challenges facing co-operatives, they have been playing an increasingly important role in facilitating job creation, economic growth and social development. The study concludes by emphasising that for co-operatives to be continuously effective and successful, they must improve their ability to service their members. The study commends government for financial and non-financial support programmes although there is still a room for improvement. In addition, further research is needed o the role played by co-operatives as agents of development in rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the training of invigilators at Walter Sisulu University
- Authors: Cekiso, Nontuthuzelo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Students -- Examinations , Educational tests and measurements -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Academic achievement -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46273 , vital:39542
- Description: The study assessed the training of invigilators at Walter Sisulu University. It covered the period from 2010 to 2011. The purpose of the study was to assess the awareness of invigilators regarding rules and regulations pertaining to their duties; whether there are pertinent differences between invigilators who have been trained and those that have not been trained and investigate the challenges that invigilators face during examinations. Following the literature study on training, a qualitative research methodology was employed in undertaking the empirical study. Through purposive sampling, trained and untrained invigilators as well as some examination section managers were selected for participating in the study. Structured and semi-structured interviews were used for collecting data. The study found that a limited number of trained and untrained invigilators were not aware of the rules and regulations regarding invigilation and this had a negative impact on their work performance. Although the study also found that invigilators were experiencing some challenges during the examination periods, it could not find crucial differences between the trained and untrained invigilators in this regard. The study recommends that the quality of training of invigilators should be improved in order to address the challenges experienced by invigilators and it should include all invigilators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Cekiso, Nontuthuzelo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Students -- Examinations , Educational tests and measurements -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Academic achievement -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46273 , vital:39542
- Description: The study assessed the training of invigilators at Walter Sisulu University. It covered the period from 2010 to 2011. The purpose of the study was to assess the awareness of invigilators regarding rules and regulations pertaining to their duties; whether there are pertinent differences between invigilators who have been trained and those that have not been trained and investigate the challenges that invigilators face during examinations. Following the literature study on training, a qualitative research methodology was employed in undertaking the empirical study. Through purposive sampling, trained and untrained invigilators as well as some examination section managers were selected for participating in the study. Structured and semi-structured interviews were used for collecting data. The study found that a limited number of trained and untrained invigilators were not aware of the rules and regulations regarding invigilation and this had a negative impact on their work performance. Although the study also found that invigilators were experiencing some challenges during the examination periods, it could not find crucial differences between the trained and untrained invigilators in this regard. The study recommends that the quality of training of invigilators should be improved in order to address the challenges experienced by invigilators and it should include all invigilators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of training needs for school governing bodies in selected Eastern Cape schools
- Authors: Kauleza, Bongeka Nosisi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School boards -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47765 , vital:40370
- Description: This research set out to assess the training needs for school governing bodies selected from Eastern Cape Schools. The study focuses in three schools in the Mthatha District. The research methodology, which was employed, can be described as qualitative, exploratory and descriptive in nature. Data was collected by means of interviews, which involved chairpersons, secretaries, learners, educators, non- teaching staff, treasurers and principals as ex-officio members. Analysis of data has revealed that the effort made by Department of Education to provide training of SGBs is inadequate to address the complex problems experienced by the SGBs. There are a number of factors such as illiteracy, low level of education, the language used during interviewing processes and term of office of governing body members that contribute to inadequacy of training of school governing bodies. It is therefore recommended that the intensified SGB development training for SGBs should be provided and further research be undertaken regarding the training needs of SGBs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Kauleza, Bongeka Nosisi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School boards -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47765 , vital:40370
- Description: This research set out to assess the training needs for school governing bodies selected from Eastern Cape Schools. The study focuses in three schools in the Mthatha District. The research methodology, which was employed, can be described as qualitative, exploratory and descriptive in nature. Data was collected by means of interviews, which involved chairpersons, secretaries, learners, educators, non- teaching staff, treasurers and principals as ex-officio members. Analysis of data has revealed that the effort made by Department of Education to provide training of SGBs is inadequate to address the complex problems experienced by the SGBs. There are a number of factors such as illiteracy, low level of education, the language used during interviewing processes and term of office of governing body members that contribute to inadequacy of training of school governing bodies. It is therefore recommended that the intensified SGB development training for SGBs should be provided and further research be undertaken regarding the training needs of SGBs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An electrospun nanofiber colorimetric probe for detection of Alkaline Phosphatase for diagnosis of liver toxicity
- Authors: Mohale, Mamello
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54532 , vital:26581
- Description: A novel electrospun nanofiber colorimetric probe for the detection of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) for diagnosis of liver toxicity was developed through electrospinning of a para nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) functionalised nylon polymer. The chemical stability of the enzyme substrate (pNPP) and its two products (para nitrophenol (pNP) and para nitrophenolate (pNPL)) was evaluated in biological (pH 7.4), acidic (pH 2) and alkaline (pH 9) pH, respectively. Enzyme kinetics models of Michaelis Menten (MM) and Lineweaver Burk (LB) were used to characterise free ALP. Solution and nanofiber assaying of free ALP and 10x diluted serum (spiked with ALP) was also carried out. The results demonstrated that pNPP and pNP were colourless while pNPL was yellow which indicated that all reagents were chemically stable. In addition, the chromophore of pNPL exhibited a strong molar extinction coefficient (ε) of 18,458 M-1 cm-1. LB plot being the most accurate compared to MM showed Vmax, Km and excess substrate concentration of 5.5 × 10-3 μmol/min-1, 0.025 mM and 0.25 mM respectively. Solution and nanofiber assaying of free ALP and serum confirmed a direct proportional correlation between the pNPL yellow colour intensity and enzyme activity up to 858 IU/L and 820 IU/L respectively. The dipping of the nanofiber layer into solution showed that the leaching rate of pNPP was extremely high at 1.37 × 10-3 A/min-1 as was observed after only the first 0.25 min interval. However, this was not of great concern since it was also observed that administration of the sample (20 μL) by a dropwise method minimised leaching compared to dipping. The preliminary findings on the effect of temperature on the chemical stability of pNPP indicated that it was stable below temperatures of 40°C while it hydrolysed at 80°C. Therefore a sensitive, rapid and simple colorimetric probe for the detection of ALP was developed. The probe exhibited characteristics that make it suitable to be incorporated into point of care colorimetric liver toxicity diagnostic devices for applications in resource poor settings and telemedicine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Mohale, Mamello
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54532 , vital:26581
- Description: A novel electrospun nanofiber colorimetric probe for the detection of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) for diagnosis of liver toxicity was developed through electrospinning of a para nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) functionalised nylon polymer. The chemical stability of the enzyme substrate (pNPP) and its two products (para nitrophenol (pNP) and para nitrophenolate (pNPL)) was evaluated in biological (pH 7.4), acidic (pH 2) and alkaline (pH 9) pH, respectively. Enzyme kinetics models of Michaelis Menten (MM) and Lineweaver Burk (LB) were used to characterise free ALP. Solution and nanofiber assaying of free ALP and 10x diluted serum (spiked with ALP) was also carried out. The results demonstrated that pNPP and pNP were colourless while pNPL was yellow which indicated that all reagents were chemically stable. In addition, the chromophore of pNPL exhibited a strong molar extinction coefficient (ε) of 18,458 M-1 cm-1. LB plot being the most accurate compared to MM showed Vmax, Km and excess substrate concentration of 5.5 × 10-3 μmol/min-1, 0.025 mM and 0.25 mM respectively. Solution and nanofiber assaying of free ALP and serum confirmed a direct proportional correlation between the pNPL yellow colour intensity and enzyme activity up to 858 IU/L and 820 IU/L respectively. The dipping of the nanofiber layer into solution showed that the leaching rate of pNPP was extremely high at 1.37 × 10-3 A/min-1 as was observed after only the first 0.25 min interval. However, this was not of great concern since it was also observed that administration of the sample (20 μL) by a dropwise method minimised leaching compared to dipping. The preliminary findings on the effect of temperature on the chemical stability of pNPP indicated that it was stable below temperatures of 40°C while it hydrolysed at 80°C. Therefore a sensitive, rapid and simple colorimetric probe for the detection of ALP was developed. The probe exhibited characteristics that make it suitable to be incorporated into point of care colorimetric liver toxicity diagnostic devices for applications in resource poor settings and telemedicine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An Eriksonian psychobiography of Martin Luther King Junior
- Authors: Pietersen, Sheri-Ann
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: African Americans -- Biography , Civil rights workers -- United States -- Biography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9972 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021037
- Description: The aim of the current study was to conduct a psychobiography of the life of Martin Luther King Junior, who was born in 1929 and died in 1968. He was an American clergyman, husband, father, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American civil rights movement. King fought for civil rights for all people. His “I Have a Dream” speech raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established him as one of the greatest orators in the United States of America. His main legacy was to secure access to civil rights for all Americans, thereby empowering people of all racial and religious backgrounds, and promoting equality in the American nation. This is a psychobiographical research study which aimed to explore and describe the life of Martin Luther King junior’s psychological development according to Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Theory. King was selected through purposive sampling on the basis of interest, value, and uniqueness to the researcher. Alexander’s model of identifying salient themes was used to analyse the data which were then compared to Erikson’s theory through a process of analytical generalisation. Limitations of the current study were identified and certain recommendations for future research in this field are offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Pietersen, Sheri-Ann
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: African Americans -- Biography , Civil rights workers -- United States -- Biography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9972 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021037
- Description: The aim of the current study was to conduct a psychobiography of the life of Martin Luther King Junior, who was born in 1929 and died in 1968. He was an American clergyman, husband, father, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American civil rights movement. King fought for civil rights for all people. His “I Have a Dream” speech raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established him as one of the greatest orators in the United States of America. His main legacy was to secure access to civil rights for all Americans, thereby empowering people of all racial and religious backgrounds, and promoting equality in the American nation. This is a psychobiographical research study which aimed to explore and describe the life of Martin Luther King junior’s psychological development according to Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Theory. King was selected through purposive sampling on the basis of interest, value, and uniqueness to the researcher. Alexander’s model of identifying salient themes was used to analyse the data which were then compared to Erikson’s theory through a process of analytical generalisation. Limitations of the current study were identified and certain recommendations for future research in this field are offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An ethnographic study of business documentation writing practices of selected human resource practitioners in the Nelson Mandela Metropole
- Authors: Blignaut, David Llewellyn
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Business writing English language -- Written English -- South Africa , Written communication -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50077 , vital:42031
- Description: The proposed study will focus on the dominant writing practices in the Human Resources (HR) workplace environment. Business writing is dominated by English and world Englishes as an international language, and users are increasingly second or foreign language speakers. As a result, business environments adopt English-only policies. As a result, the hegemony of English for business use has been entrenched. In addition, English has become a highly influential language in South Africa. As any document production is not simple and spontaneous where rules are visible and can be learned or known independently, this study specifically examines the business documentation writing practices of Human Resource (HR) practitioners in the workplace to evaluate the relevance of the BKH 1120 English in Communication A business writing curriculum. The integration of the workplace social context is essential as writing practices encompass not only the physical act of writing, but include abstract cognitive processes and the contexts of the reader, writer, text and social environment that pertain to text processing and production. Therefore, this study intends to inform current HE academic business writing requirements as well as documentation structures and layout practices for the curriculum development of the BKH1120 Communication in English A module. The study used a qualitative research tool based on an ethnographic design. Although an ethnographic study demands that the researcher spends extensive time in the field, an alternative strategy is to conduct the research based on interviews as a thick description of depth and detail that interviewers seek in interviews can be found in the interviewees’ first hand experiences”. Content analysis was also used to analyse the interview responses as well as the document samples collected from the participants. This research study concluded that HE often does not often adequately prepare students for the social, ideological and collaborative workplace writing expectations. Therefore, HE programmes should make careful decisions on which workplace discourse practices to include in their teaching practices and design meaningful and realistic ways to equip students in to prepare them well to deal with workplace writing challenges.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Blignaut, David Llewellyn
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Business writing English language -- Written English -- South Africa , Written communication -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50077 , vital:42031
- Description: The proposed study will focus on the dominant writing practices in the Human Resources (HR) workplace environment. Business writing is dominated by English and world Englishes as an international language, and users are increasingly second or foreign language speakers. As a result, business environments adopt English-only policies. As a result, the hegemony of English for business use has been entrenched. In addition, English has become a highly influential language in South Africa. As any document production is not simple and spontaneous where rules are visible and can be learned or known independently, this study specifically examines the business documentation writing practices of Human Resource (HR) practitioners in the workplace to evaluate the relevance of the BKH 1120 English in Communication A business writing curriculum. The integration of the workplace social context is essential as writing practices encompass not only the physical act of writing, but include abstract cognitive processes and the contexts of the reader, writer, text and social environment that pertain to text processing and production. Therefore, this study intends to inform current HE academic business writing requirements as well as documentation structures and layout practices for the curriculum development of the BKH1120 Communication in English A module. The study used a qualitative research tool based on an ethnographic design. Although an ethnographic study demands that the researcher spends extensive time in the field, an alternative strategy is to conduct the research based on interviews as a thick description of depth and detail that interviewers seek in interviews can be found in the interviewees’ first hand experiences”. Content analysis was also used to analyse the interview responses as well as the document samples collected from the participants. This research study concluded that HE often does not often adequately prepare students for the social, ideological and collaborative workplace writing expectations. Therefore, HE programmes should make careful decisions on which workplace discourse practices to include in their teaching practices and design meaningful and realistic ways to equip students in to prepare them well to deal with workplace writing challenges.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of leadership and governance of school the nutrition programme: a case study of Z. K. Matthews Senior Secondary School in King William’s Town district in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Lindani, Nodumo
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11743 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1018522
- Description: The South African government introduced School Nutrition Programme in 1994 as one of government lead strategies to redress poor educational outcomes and children’s rights in all nine provinces in the Republic. The delivery of this programme require adherence to Constitutional Principles in Chapter 10, Batho Pele White Paper and relevant legislation. Unfortunately, the implementation of the programme experienced challenges which clearly exposed and compromised the basic values. Further the National government resorted in implementation of section 100(1b) in 2010 in the Eastern Cape and Limpopo Provinces. One of the reasons for the intervention was that the service delivery interventions including School Nutrition were flawed (DoE:2010). This study will evaluate leadership and governance of the programme, National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP). Special focus will be Z. K. Matthews Senior Secondary School in the King Williams Town District Eastern Cape. The researcher used a qualitative desktop review-method approach to explore leadership and governance of NSNP.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Lindani, Nodumo
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11743 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1018522
- Description: The South African government introduced School Nutrition Programme in 1994 as one of government lead strategies to redress poor educational outcomes and children’s rights in all nine provinces in the Republic. The delivery of this programme require adherence to Constitutional Principles in Chapter 10, Batho Pele White Paper and relevant legislation. Unfortunately, the implementation of the programme experienced challenges which clearly exposed and compromised the basic values. Further the National government resorted in implementation of section 100(1b) in 2010 in the Eastern Cape and Limpopo Provinces. One of the reasons for the intervention was that the service delivery interventions including School Nutrition were flawed (DoE:2010). This study will evaluate leadership and governance of the programme, National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP). Special focus will be Z. K. Matthews Senior Secondary School in the King Williams Town District Eastern Cape. The researcher used a qualitative desktop review-method approach to explore leadership and governance of NSNP.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of macroinvertebrate-based biomonitoring and ecotoxicological assessments of deteriorating environmental water quality in the Swartkops River, South Africa
- Authors: Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Water -- Pollution -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Water quality biological assessment -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Environmental toxicology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Environmental monitoring -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Aquatic invertebrates -- Effect of water pollution on -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Chironomidae -- Effect of water pollution on -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Freshwater ecology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:6046 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013156
- Description: Freshwater resources are increasingly subject to pollution because of escalating human population growth, accompanied by urbanisation, industrialisation, and the increased demand for food. Consequently, freshwater quality, and aquatic ecosystem structure and function have been severely impaired. The Swartkops River, which drains an urbanised and industrialised catchment in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, is no exception. An integrated environmental water quality (EWQ) approach is needed to measure the impacts of deteriorating water quality on its aquatic ecosystem structure and function to sustain these vital ecosystem-attributes. In this study, an integrated EWQ approach, which included i) analysis of water physico-chemical variables; ii) macroinvertebrate-based family-level taxonomic- and traits-based community analysis; iii) Chironomidae species-level taxonomic- and traits-based community analysis; iv) Chironomidae deformity-based sub-lethal analysis; and v) experimental investigation of long-term wastewater effluent effects, using model stream ecosystems, were applied to investigate environmental water quality in the Swartkops River. One upstream reference site and three downstream sites in the Swartkops River were monitored over a period of three years (August 2009 – September 2012). The family-level taxonomic community responses based on the South African Scoring System version 5 (SASS5) and a newly developed Swartkops multimetric index indicated very poor river health conditions for the three downstream sites, compared with the good condition of the upstream site. The Chironomidae species-level responses in the three downstream sites provided evidence of differences in biotic impairments, which were not evident with the family-level taxonomic data at these sites, thus highlighting the importance of species identification in freshwater biomonitoring. The family-level traits-based approach (TBA) showed that macroinvertebrates with gills and lungs were more abundant at the upstream site, decreasing markedly at the downstream sites. The relative abundance of macroinvertebrates relying on aerial and tegument respiration increased at the downstream sites compared with the upstream sites. The results of the family-level TBA highlighted the inextricable link between the traits-based approach (TBA) and taxonomic identification, clearly showing that the TBA is additional to, and not an alternative to, taxonomic recognition because important traits, e.g. reproductive cannot be used at a coarse taxonomic identification. A novel chironomid species traits-based functional strategies approach developed in this study, based on species combining similar sets of traits, proved sensitive in diagnosing the main abiotic water physico-chemical stressors. The functional traits responded predictably to deteriorating water quality and provided an adaptive and mechanistic basis for interpreting chironomid species occurrences at the four sampling sites, providing insight into why certain chironomid species occurred at one site but not at the other. Chironomid deformities provided evidence of sub-lethal in-stream biological response to deteriorating water quality. A newly developed deformity-based extended toxic score index proved sensitive, enabling the discrimination of the sampling sites, indicating that a biomonitoring tool based on sub-lethal effects could be used to assess the effects of deteriorating water quality before it reached lethal levels. Empirical evidence based on the taxonomic, traits and sub-lethal responses suggested that the changes in macroinvertebrate community structure were caused chiefly by the discharge of wastewater effluents into the river. This was supported by the model-stream ecosystem results indicating significant effects of effluents on the macroinvertebrate community structure, similar to the observed in-stream responses. The model stream results indicated that improved physico-chemical effluent quality compliance after 50% effluent dilution did not significantly reduce the effects of the effluent on the macroinvertebrate communities, showing that ecologically-based methods rather than physico-chemical measures alone are necessary to assess effluent quality. Finally, the results of the multi-criteria approach were integrated to propose tools to manage environmental water quality in the Swartkops River, and the benefits of the study were highlighted in the context of biomonitoring in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Water -- Pollution -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Water quality biological assessment -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Environmental toxicology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Environmental monitoring -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Aquatic invertebrates -- Effect of water pollution on -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Chironomidae -- Effect of water pollution on -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Freshwater ecology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:6046 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013156
- Description: Freshwater resources are increasingly subject to pollution because of escalating human population growth, accompanied by urbanisation, industrialisation, and the increased demand for food. Consequently, freshwater quality, and aquatic ecosystem structure and function have been severely impaired. The Swartkops River, which drains an urbanised and industrialised catchment in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, is no exception. An integrated environmental water quality (EWQ) approach is needed to measure the impacts of deteriorating water quality on its aquatic ecosystem structure and function to sustain these vital ecosystem-attributes. In this study, an integrated EWQ approach, which included i) analysis of water physico-chemical variables; ii) macroinvertebrate-based family-level taxonomic- and traits-based community analysis; iii) Chironomidae species-level taxonomic- and traits-based community analysis; iv) Chironomidae deformity-based sub-lethal analysis; and v) experimental investigation of long-term wastewater effluent effects, using model stream ecosystems, were applied to investigate environmental water quality in the Swartkops River. One upstream reference site and three downstream sites in the Swartkops River were monitored over a period of three years (August 2009 – September 2012). The family-level taxonomic community responses based on the South African Scoring System version 5 (SASS5) and a newly developed Swartkops multimetric index indicated very poor river health conditions for the three downstream sites, compared with the good condition of the upstream site. The Chironomidae species-level responses in the three downstream sites provided evidence of differences in biotic impairments, which were not evident with the family-level taxonomic data at these sites, thus highlighting the importance of species identification in freshwater biomonitoring. The family-level traits-based approach (TBA) showed that macroinvertebrates with gills and lungs were more abundant at the upstream site, decreasing markedly at the downstream sites. The relative abundance of macroinvertebrates relying on aerial and tegument respiration increased at the downstream sites compared with the upstream sites. The results of the family-level TBA highlighted the inextricable link between the traits-based approach (TBA) and taxonomic identification, clearly showing that the TBA is additional to, and not an alternative to, taxonomic recognition because important traits, e.g. reproductive cannot be used at a coarse taxonomic identification. A novel chironomid species traits-based functional strategies approach developed in this study, based on species combining similar sets of traits, proved sensitive in diagnosing the main abiotic water physico-chemical stressors. The functional traits responded predictably to deteriorating water quality and provided an adaptive and mechanistic basis for interpreting chironomid species occurrences at the four sampling sites, providing insight into why certain chironomid species occurred at one site but not at the other. Chironomid deformities provided evidence of sub-lethal in-stream biological response to deteriorating water quality. A newly developed deformity-based extended toxic score index proved sensitive, enabling the discrimination of the sampling sites, indicating that a biomonitoring tool based on sub-lethal effects could be used to assess the effects of deteriorating water quality before it reached lethal levels. Empirical evidence based on the taxonomic, traits and sub-lethal responses suggested that the changes in macroinvertebrate community structure were caused chiefly by the discharge of wastewater effluents into the river. This was supported by the model-stream ecosystem results indicating significant effects of effluents on the macroinvertebrate community structure, similar to the observed in-stream responses. The model stream results indicated that improved physico-chemical effluent quality compliance after 50% effluent dilution did not significantly reduce the effects of the effluent on the macroinvertebrate communities, showing that ecologically-based methods rather than physico-chemical measures alone are necessary to assess effluent quality. Finally, the results of the multi-criteria approach were integrated to propose tools to manage environmental water quality in the Swartkops River, and the benefits of the study were highlighted in the context of biomonitoring in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of management information systems in the Department of Social Development, province of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Ngqungqu, Siphokazi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Information resources management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8351 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020889
- Description: The alignment of information systems with organisational objectives and strategies is crucial to the efficient performance of any organisation. There is a growing focus on the effectiveness of management and evidence-based decision making in public institutions in South Africa. The Eastern Cape Department of Social Development and Special Programmes (ECDSD) implemented a Social Development Information Management System (SDIMS), which is an information system that supports various functions performed by the Department. While SDMIS provides large amounts of valuable information, it still has much ground to cover in terms of fully meeting the Department’s information needs. There is an increasing demand for information to inform decision making with regards to priority setting, resource usage, monitoring the impact of the Department’s intervention programmes, and monitoring the progress of the Department’s strategic goals. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the extent to which MIS is utilised in the Eastern Cape Department of Social Development and Special Programmes and to make recommendations for the alignment of MIS with organisational objectives in order to achieve these objectives. Furthermore, the study intends to investigate the extent to which the information needs of managers are considered in designing and providing information. The objectives of the study are, firstly, to analyse the current state of MIS utilisation in the Department. Secondly, to evaluate the utilisation of information provided by the MIS unit for decision making, and, thirdly, to make recommendations on how to improve MIS utilisation. Qualitative approach techniques were utilised to collect data for the study. Research questionnaires were distributed to thirty respondents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven interviewees out of a target number of ten. The response rate was 68 percent and this was considered as adequate for scientific analysis and reporting. The study produced the following research findings: Mainly, the MIS users believe that they understand MIS and its capabilities, and have received training on how to use the system. The quality of information provided by MIS is mostly complete and largely meets user requirements and expectations. MIS information is for the most part accurate and comprehensive enough to expedite decision-making. Although MIS largely meets user requirements and expectations in terms of completeness, accuracy and reliability, the study indicates that it still falls short in integrating information from other sources, which include government transversal systems such as the Basic Accounting System (BAS) and the Personnel Salary System (PERSAL). MIS information is mostly available and easy to access, but occasionally not timely. This is mostly caused by the unavailability of real-time information synchronisation between MIS and other government systems. In light of the above findings, the researcher recommends that: There is still more to be done in order to continuously inform and train users on the latest MIS capability developments in the form of awareness workshops, contact and remote support, and through internal news bulletins. The Department needs to work with other government entities that are custodians of transversal systems in finding a solution to the creation of real-time integration of MIS with other external sources of information. Even though the level of MIS utilisation is not too much of a concern, the Department needs to ensure that users of information are kept up to date with new MIS reporting capabilities so as not to underutilise the system. It is therefore recommended that the Department ensure that information is more often reviewed and reports are customised to meet the ever-changing needs of the Department.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Ngqungqu, Siphokazi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Information resources management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8351 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020889
- Description: The alignment of information systems with organisational objectives and strategies is crucial to the efficient performance of any organisation. There is a growing focus on the effectiveness of management and evidence-based decision making in public institutions in South Africa. The Eastern Cape Department of Social Development and Special Programmes (ECDSD) implemented a Social Development Information Management System (SDIMS), which is an information system that supports various functions performed by the Department. While SDMIS provides large amounts of valuable information, it still has much ground to cover in terms of fully meeting the Department’s information needs. There is an increasing demand for information to inform decision making with regards to priority setting, resource usage, monitoring the impact of the Department’s intervention programmes, and monitoring the progress of the Department’s strategic goals. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the extent to which MIS is utilised in the Eastern Cape Department of Social Development and Special Programmes and to make recommendations for the alignment of MIS with organisational objectives in order to achieve these objectives. Furthermore, the study intends to investigate the extent to which the information needs of managers are considered in designing and providing information. The objectives of the study are, firstly, to analyse the current state of MIS utilisation in the Department. Secondly, to evaluate the utilisation of information provided by the MIS unit for decision making, and, thirdly, to make recommendations on how to improve MIS utilisation. Qualitative approach techniques were utilised to collect data for the study. Research questionnaires were distributed to thirty respondents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven interviewees out of a target number of ten. The response rate was 68 percent and this was considered as adequate for scientific analysis and reporting. The study produced the following research findings: Mainly, the MIS users believe that they understand MIS and its capabilities, and have received training on how to use the system. The quality of information provided by MIS is mostly complete and largely meets user requirements and expectations. MIS information is for the most part accurate and comprehensive enough to expedite decision-making. Although MIS largely meets user requirements and expectations in terms of completeness, accuracy and reliability, the study indicates that it still falls short in integrating information from other sources, which include government transversal systems such as the Basic Accounting System (BAS) and the Personnel Salary System (PERSAL). MIS information is mostly available and easy to access, but occasionally not timely. This is mostly caused by the unavailability of real-time information synchronisation between MIS and other government systems. In light of the above findings, the researcher recommends that: There is still more to be done in order to continuously inform and train users on the latest MIS capability developments in the form of awareness workshops, contact and remote support, and through internal news bulletins. The Department needs to work with other government entities that are custodians of transversal systems in finding a solution to the creation of real-time integration of MIS with other external sources of information. Even though the level of MIS utilisation is not too much of a concern, the Department needs to ensure that users of information are kept up to date with new MIS reporting capabilities so as not to underutilise the system. It is therefore recommended that the Department ensure that information is more often reviewed and reports are customised to meet the ever-changing needs of the Department.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of resistance to change of the East London industrial development zone (ELIDZ) structural realignment
- Authors: Moonieya, Vernon Craig
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Organizational change -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Organizational behavior -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Organizational change -- Management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Management -- Employee participation -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Communication in management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Industrial management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013303
- Description: From Integrative Summary: This research paper comprises of three sections that include: an evaluation report, a literature review and the research methodology. The first section assesses the management of resistance to change as encountered during the ELIDZ structural re-alignment initiative. The assessment was done after the change initiative had been implemented to see what could be learnt from the exercise, in order to be better prepared for future change programmes. The implemented change was initiated by the CEO of the ELIDZ but its criticality in terms of purpose, or the need for the change was unclear to many employees at the time of initiation. An examination of the literature on change management highlighted the importance of managing resistance to change as part of a change initiative, so as to ensure a successful transition. The review of the literature on management of resistance to change in section 2 of this paper examines the definition of management of resistance to change and in particular, covers key factors like change readiness, participation in change and change communication. These key concepts underpin effective management of resistance during change. The literature on management of resistance to change with respect to the role of change readiness, participation in change and change communication was used to develop a questionnaire that was used to assess the ELIDZ change initiative. The questionnaire was developed in a Likert Scale format with questions across the spectrum of change readiness, change participation and change communication. Section 3 of this paper describes how the quantitative research was provided to the population sample of employees from the ELIDZ where the questions on change readiness, change participation and change communication was used to assess the effectiveness of management of resistance to change during the ELIDZ change initiative. In addition section 3 provides an explanation of how the results of the research were derived. The results on change readiness suggest that the ELIDZ change initiative did not address change readiness adequately. There is therefore a risk of resistance to change that could manifest. This also indicates that change readiness must be planned more thoroughly in future change endeavours. Most of the population sampled did not feel that they participated in the change initiative, suggesting that the ELIDZ did not address participation in the change initiative adequately. Not enabling employees to actively participate in the change is tantamount to decreasing the potential for acceptance of change and increasing the risk of resistance to change. In order to ensure that future change initiatives are not met with employee resistance to change, the ELIDZ should plan for employee participation throughout the change process. The extent to which change communication was addressed in the ELIDZ change initiative was demonstrated by very poor results. The results from the population sampled suggest that the change was not well communicated to employees. As change communication is known to reduce the potential for resistance to change, it is imperative for the ELIDZ to plan for comprehensive communication strategies to cover the change process for future change action.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Moonieya, Vernon Craig
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Organizational change -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Organizational behavior -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Organizational change -- Management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Management -- Employee participation -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Communication in management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Industrial management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013303
- Description: From Integrative Summary: This research paper comprises of three sections that include: an evaluation report, a literature review and the research methodology. The first section assesses the management of resistance to change as encountered during the ELIDZ structural re-alignment initiative. The assessment was done after the change initiative had been implemented to see what could be learnt from the exercise, in order to be better prepared for future change programmes. The implemented change was initiated by the CEO of the ELIDZ but its criticality in terms of purpose, or the need for the change was unclear to many employees at the time of initiation. An examination of the literature on change management highlighted the importance of managing resistance to change as part of a change initiative, so as to ensure a successful transition. The review of the literature on management of resistance to change in section 2 of this paper examines the definition of management of resistance to change and in particular, covers key factors like change readiness, participation in change and change communication. These key concepts underpin effective management of resistance during change. The literature on management of resistance to change with respect to the role of change readiness, participation in change and change communication was used to develop a questionnaire that was used to assess the ELIDZ change initiative. The questionnaire was developed in a Likert Scale format with questions across the spectrum of change readiness, change participation and change communication. Section 3 of this paper describes how the quantitative research was provided to the population sample of employees from the ELIDZ where the questions on change readiness, change participation and change communication was used to assess the effectiveness of management of resistance to change during the ELIDZ change initiative. In addition section 3 provides an explanation of how the results of the research were derived. The results on change readiness suggest that the ELIDZ change initiative did not address change readiness adequately. There is therefore a risk of resistance to change that could manifest. This also indicates that change readiness must be planned more thoroughly in future change endeavours. Most of the population sampled did not feel that they participated in the change initiative, suggesting that the ELIDZ did not address participation in the change initiative adequately. Not enabling employees to actively participate in the change is tantamount to decreasing the potential for acceptance of change and increasing the risk of resistance to change. In order to ensure that future change initiatives are not met with employee resistance to change, the ELIDZ should plan for employee participation throughout the change process. The extent to which change communication was addressed in the ELIDZ change initiative was demonstrated by very poor results. The results from the population sampled suggest that the change was not well communicated to employees. As change communication is known to reduce the potential for resistance to change, it is imperative for the ELIDZ to plan for comprehensive communication strategies to cover the change process for future change action.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of selected skills development programmes in the Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Gadu, Thandiswa Constance
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Career development -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Employees -- Training of -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Employee motivation -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8336 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020587
- Description: Employees joining any institution for the first time are not always performing duties/tasks to the level and standard set by the management of particular organisation. Some candidates perform to their fullest potential after they are inducted. The purpose of skills development act is to assists employers to participate in leadership and development programmes as to enhance the potential of individuals and organizations. Also to encourage employees to use the workplace as an active learning site and provide opportunities to acquire new skills. Human Resource Practitioners play a critical role in the ensuring that employees are capacitated. This study undertook to evaluate selected skills development programmes in the Amathole District Municipality. ADM is challenged in coordinating various skills development programmes due to various reasons such as budget. From the literature study and information gathered from the respondents in this research it became evident that training of employees is key to the improvement of performance. In this regard it is critical that ADM creates means that will mitigate the identified findings in order to improve the performance of personnel. Emailed questionnaires were used as a method of collecting data from the respondents. In this study a qualitative method was used to analyse the data collected from the respondents. Based on the information gathered from the respondents the researcher made findings and formulated recommendations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Gadu, Thandiswa Constance
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Career development -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Employees -- Training of -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Employee motivation -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8336 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020587
- Description: Employees joining any institution for the first time are not always performing duties/tasks to the level and standard set by the management of particular organisation. Some candidates perform to their fullest potential after they are inducted. The purpose of skills development act is to assists employers to participate in leadership and development programmes as to enhance the potential of individuals and organizations. Also to encourage employees to use the workplace as an active learning site and provide opportunities to acquire new skills. Human Resource Practitioners play a critical role in the ensuring that employees are capacitated. This study undertook to evaluate selected skills development programmes in the Amathole District Municipality. ADM is challenged in coordinating various skills development programmes due to various reasons such as budget. From the literature study and information gathered from the respondents in this research it became evident that training of employees is key to the improvement of performance. In this regard it is critical that ADM creates means that will mitigate the identified findings in order to improve the performance of personnel. Emailed questionnaires were used as a method of collecting data from the respondents. In this study a qualitative method was used to analyse the data collected from the respondents. Based on the information gathered from the respondents the researcher made findings and formulated recommendations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of the City of Johannesburg’s Igoli 2002 programme from 2003 to 2010
- Matebese, Zolani Loyiso Chukwuemeka Bantu, Musengi-Ajulu, Sandra
- Authors: Matebese, Zolani Loyiso Chukwuemeka Bantu , Musengi-Ajulu, Sandra
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Local government -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Expenditures, Public -- South Africa -- Johannesburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:828 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012949
- Description: Integrative Summary: Municipalities are the third level of government and are responsible for delivery of basic services to citizens. They carry the developmental mandate of government and are often the first point of interaction between government and citizens. Being at the front line of service delivery, the issue of fiscal stability of municipalities and their ability to deliver sustainable services is of grave importance (Carter & Ajam 2003). Unfortunately in a South African context most municipalities are not fiscally sustainable (Roos & Stander 2005). In a study of 142 South African municipalities, it was found that poor collection of outstanding debt and irregular or wasteful expenditure were the biggest causes of fiscal stress (Roos & Stander 2005). In fact, in 2004 the difficulties appear to have reached crisis level (Lubbe & Roussouw 2005). The fiscal situation within municipalities was so bad that the South African Local Government Authority (SALGA) implemented a unit specifically to assist municipalities that were at “crisis point” (Roos & Stander, 2005 p. 165). This research report focuses on the evaluation of Igoli 2002 which was a response to fiscal crisis within the City of Johannesburg metropolitan municipality when in 1997 the City of Johannesburg was declared insolvent. The research evaluated the long term sustainability of the Igoli 2002 programme to determine its success in addressing the issues of fiscal stress and crisis facing the municipality. The research also attempted to assess the applicability of international indicators of fiscal stress and crisis to the City of Johannesburg. The research evaluated the Igoli 2002 programme via a financial condition analysis, against international indicators of fiscal stress and crisis and against a logic framework detailing the goals of the programme. The research found that ultimately, the Igoli 2002 intervention implemented by the City of Johannesburg was successful in improving the fiscal position and sustainability of the City. In addition, indicators from predictive models of fiscal stress and crisis were found to be relevant to the City of Johannesburg.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Matebese, Zolani Loyiso Chukwuemeka Bantu , Musengi-Ajulu, Sandra
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Local government -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Expenditures, Public -- South Africa -- Johannesburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:828 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012949
- Description: Integrative Summary: Municipalities are the third level of government and are responsible for delivery of basic services to citizens. They carry the developmental mandate of government and are often the first point of interaction between government and citizens. Being at the front line of service delivery, the issue of fiscal stability of municipalities and their ability to deliver sustainable services is of grave importance (Carter & Ajam 2003). Unfortunately in a South African context most municipalities are not fiscally sustainable (Roos & Stander 2005). In a study of 142 South African municipalities, it was found that poor collection of outstanding debt and irregular or wasteful expenditure were the biggest causes of fiscal stress (Roos & Stander 2005). In fact, in 2004 the difficulties appear to have reached crisis level (Lubbe & Roussouw 2005). The fiscal situation within municipalities was so bad that the South African Local Government Authority (SALGA) implemented a unit specifically to assist municipalities that were at “crisis point” (Roos & Stander, 2005 p. 165). This research report focuses on the evaluation of Igoli 2002 which was a response to fiscal crisis within the City of Johannesburg metropolitan municipality when in 1997 the City of Johannesburg was declared insolvent. The research evaluated the long term sustainability of the Igoli 2002 programme to determine its success in addressing the issues of fiscal stress and crisis facing the municipality. The research also attempted to assess the applicability of international indicators of fiscal stress and crisis to the City of Johannesburg. The research evaluated the Igoli 2002 programme via a financial condition analysis, against international indicators of fiscal stress and crisis and against a logic framework detailing the goals of the programme. The research found that ultimately, the Igoli 2002 intervention implemented by the City of Johannesburg was successful in improving the fiscal position and sustainability of the City. In addition, indicators from predictive models of fiscal stress and crisis were found to be relevant to the City of Johannesburg.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014