The development of a model of competencies for small, medium and microsized enterprises (SMME'S) to achieve competitive advantage in the East Cape Motor Industry Cluster
- Authors: De Beer, Lloyd
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Business enterprises -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10854 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/121 , Business enterprises -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The research problem addressed in this study was to identify the generic strategies that small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME’s) are required to implement in order to achieve competitive advantage in the highly competitive global automotive market. Markets have merged into one huge global marketplace, increasing the competitive forces on all the participants in the automotive markets. Strategies to achieve competitive advantage has changed from the traditional domestic strategies to that of strategies required for global competitive advantage. This has created challenges for SMME’s to attain competitive advantage essential in the fast-changing global markets. The East Cape Motor Industry Cluster (ECMIC) is the heart of the SA automotive industry with three of the major automobile manufacturers having their assembly plants located in the Buffalo and Nelson Mandela Metropoles. A significant number of component manufacturers and their suppliers serve these manufacturers, as well as the other automobile manufacturers located elsewhere in South Africa. Many of these component manufacturers and suppliers are SMME’s. The need to become globally competitive is thus critical for SMME’s in the region. This study investigates the generic strategies that SMME organisations are required to implement in order to achieve competitive advantage in the ECMIC, and based on this and the empirical study that seeks opinion from management of SMME firms in the ECMIC, a model of generic strategies to create competitive advantage is developed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: De Beer, Lloyd
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Business enterprises -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10854 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/121 , Business enterprises -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The research problem addressed in this study was to identify the generic strategies that small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME’s) are required to implement in order to achieve competitive advantage in the highly competitive global automotive market. Markets have merged into one huge global marketplace, increasing the competitive forces on all the participants in the automotive markets. Strategies to achieve competitive advantage has changed from the traditional domestic strategies to that of strategies required for global competitive advantage. This has created challenges for SMME’s to attain competitive advantage essential in the fast-changing global markets. The East Cape Motor Industry Cluster (ECMIC) is the heart of the SA automotive industry with three of the major automobile manufacturers having their assembly plants located in the Buffalo and Nelson Mandela Metropoles. A significant number of component manufacturers and their suppliers serve these manufacturers, as well as the other automobile manufacturers located elsewhere in South Africa. Many of these component manufacturers and suppliers are SMME’s. The need to become globally competitive is thus critical for SMME’s in the region. This study investigates the generic strategies that SMME organisations are required to implement in order to achieve competitive advantage in the ECMIC, and based on this and the empirical study that seeks opinion from management of SMME firms in the ECMIC, a model of generic strategies to create competitive advantage is developed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The development of a model to estimate the cost for the provision of free basic water before the implementation of a water project
- Authors: Gillmer, Ir Ronald
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Water-supply, rural -- South Africa -- Costs , Water-supply, rural -- South Africa -- Government policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10874 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/222 , Water-supply, rural -- South Africa -- Costs , Water-supply, rural -- South Africa -- Government policy
- Description: This research study addresses the problem of whether local government can afford free basic water in rural areas. To achieve this objective a comprehensive literature study was performed, which included: · Lessons in water sector approaches from international experience and how these experiences compare with the South African situation. 1.The current basic water supply legislation in South Africa and how this legislation affects the subsidy arrangements and the financing of free basic water. 2.The operation and maintenance cost and the benefits of effective operation and maintenance of water supply schemes. A model was developed that could estimate the cost of rural water supply per household per month from the operation and maintenance data that was collected over a period of twenty-two months from a water supply scheme. As part of the provision of free basic water, a nine-step flow chart was developed to determine rural water operation and maintenance subsidy and a free basic water policy to help local government make informed decisions. The model was tested on different water supply schemes to verify the accuracy of the models estimation of the cost of rural water supply per household per month. The information obtained from the literature and from the test of the model resulted in various recommendations and conclusions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Gillmer, Ir Ronald
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Water-supply, rural -- South Africa -- Costs , Water-supply, rural -- South Africa -- Government policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10874 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/222 , Water-supply, rural -- South Africa -- Costs , Water-supply, rural -- South Africa -- Government policy
- Description: This research study addresses the problem of whether local government can afford free basic water in rural areas. To achieve this objective a comprehensive literature study was performed, which included: · Lessons in water sector approaches from international experience and how these experiences compare with the South African situation. 1.The current basic water supply legislation in South Africa and how this legislation affects the subsidy arrangements and the financing of free basic water. 2.The operation and maintenance cost and the benefits of effective operation and maintenance of water supply schemes. A model was developed that could estimate the cost of rural water supply per household per month from the operation and maintenance data that was collected over a period of twenty-two months from a water supply scheme. As part of the provision of free basic water, a nine-step flow chart was developed to determine rural water operation and maintenance subsidy and a free basic water policy to help local government make informed decisions. The model was tested on different water supply schemes to verify the accuracy of the models estimation of the cost of rural water supply per household per month. The information obtained from the literature and from the test of the model resulted in various recommendations and conclusions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The development of a science competency test for technikon students
- Authors: Davids, Samiega
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Science -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa , Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Entrance requirements , Port Elizabeth Technikon Entrance requirements
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10782 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/87 , Science -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa , Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Entrance requirements , Port Elizabeth Technikon Entrance requirements
- Description: In the mid-1980’s institutions of higher learning were coerced by the South African government to admit students from all races. As a result, these institutions were confronted with the need to identify preparedness for higher learning, especially amongst the ex-Department of Education and Training (DET) learners. Grade 12 results were not a sufficient predictor for ex-DET learners, and a review of current admission criteria became a necessity. This study aims to develop a suitable science entry-level test to be used as a component of an existing test battery. The test battery is used as an admission tool by the Port Elizabeth Technikon to further assess first year applicants who do not meet the normal entrance requirements for a science course. The only requirement for further assessment being Grade 12 physical science. The science entry-level test consists of a list of validated science skills and knowledge to be used to assess the skills and knowledge mastered at the time of test taking. On the basis of test scores, an assessment is made regarding the applicant’s preparedness for higher learning. This study holds the view that preparedness in students for higher learning in science can be measured by means of valid science competencies. In addition, knowledge of the level of preparedness of the applicant enables further educational support and guidance to be provided where necessary. Research which measures manifest academic ability rather than potential to learn is favoured since it is believed that the former generates psychometric evidence of that which was already mastered academically whilst the latter determines whether the student will be able to achieve under ideal conditions. The content covered by the proposed Science Competency Test was sanctioned by technikon lecturers of first year physics and chemistry courses. The content was taken from the examinable section of the Grade 11 and 12 physical science syllabi. This content is the most acceptable and fair knowledge-base a prospective science student can be expected to have mastered at school. The content was limited to those skills and knowledge believed by the lecturers to contribute to academic success in the first year. Items that tested this content were compiled and pilot tests were administered to Grade 12 physical science learners at various disadvantaged schools. The Science Competency Test was compiled from the pool of trial items after the performance of the items was statistically determined. This final Science Competency Test was completed by a sample of 179 first-time first year science students. The findings of the study were inconclusive as the Science Competency Test showed a moderate predictive ability for only one section of the sample. It further showed that the weighted matric score, WMS was not a significant predictor of future academic performance of the sample either. A discrepancy in performance amongst learners of different home languages and educational backgrounds was also noted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Davids, Samiega
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Science -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa , Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Entrance requirements , Port Elizabeth Technikon Entrance requirements
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10782 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/87 , Science -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa , Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Entrance requirements , Port Elizabeth Technikon Entrance requirements
- Description: In the mid-1980’s institutions of higher learning were coerced by the South African government to admit students from all races. As a result, these institutions were confronted with the need to identify preparedness for higher learning, especially amongst the ex-Department of Education and Training (DET) learners. Grade 12 results were not a sufficient predictor for ex-DET learners, and a review of current admission criteria became a necessity. This study aims to develop a suitable science entry-level test to be used as a component of an existing test battery. The test battery is used as an admission tool by the Port Elizabeth Technikon to further assess first year applicants who do not meet the normal entrance requirements for a science course. The only requirement for further assessment being Grade 12 physical science. The science entry-level test consists of a list of validated science skills and knowledge to be used to assess the skills and knowledge mastered at the time of test taking. On the basis of test scores, an assessment is made regarding the applicant’s preparedness for higher learning. This study holds the view that preparedness in students for higher learning in science can be measured by means of valid science competencies. In addition, knowledge of the level of preparedness of the applicant enables further educational support and guidance to be provided where necessary. Research which measures manifest academic ability rather than potential to learn is favoured since it is believed that the former generates psychometric evidence of that which was already mastered academically whilst the latter determines whether the student will be able to achieve under ideal conditions. The content covered by the proposed Science Competency Test was sanctioned by technikon lecturers of first year physics and chemistry courses. The content was taken from the examinable section of the Grade 11 and 12 physical science syllabi. This content is the most acceptable and fair knowledge-base a prospective science student can be expected to have mastered at school. The content was limited to those skills and knowledge believed by the lecturers to contribute to academic success in the first year. Items that tested this content were compiled and pilot tests were administered to Grade 12 physical science learners at various disadvantaged schools. The Science Competency Test was compiled from the pool of trial items after the performance of the items was statistically determined. This final Science Competency Test was completed by a sample of 179 first-time first year science students. The findings of the study were inconclusive as the Science Competency Test showed a moderate predictive ability for only one section of the sample. It further showed that the weighted matric score, WMS was not a significant predictor of future academic performance of the sample either. A discrepancy in performance amongst learners of different home languages and educational backgrounds was also noted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The development of a strategic management model for industrial development zones to attract Greenfield Foreign Direct Investments
- Authors: Rich, Guy Martin
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Investments, foreign -- South Africa , Industrialization -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10937 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/220 , Investments, foreign -- South Africa , Industrialization -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa
- Description: In order to become globally competitive, South Africa has embarked on an industrial development zone (IDZ) programme to boost investment, increase the socio-economic climate, attract world-class manufacturers and generate local and foreign direct investment (FDI) while creating employment, encouraging skills and technology transfer, and increasing foreign exchange earnings. Twelve strategic areas within South Africa have been identified and are in the process of, or have been, declared IDZs. East London and Coega are the first two IDZs to come online in South Africa and have generated much publicity in the past number of years. One of the aims of the IDZs, as world-class production areas, is to generate FDI. Drivers of international FDI include globalisation, political, economic and legal environments and competitive advantage. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2002: 25), FDI accounts for 16 percent of worldwide gross fixed capital formation – and a growing proportion of this is going to developing nations. According to the World Economic Processing Zones Association (WEPZA), IDZs have been the star performer in attracting investment and technology to developing countries during the past 50 years (2002: www.wepza.org). If the Eastern Cape IDZ programme is to be a success, the development corporations that have been established as the management arms of the IDZs will need to facilitate strategic economic advantage, look towards strategic investments that are sustainable, take advantage of and grow existing industrial capacity and create economic and social benefits for the region. There are a number of dynamics and reasons behind global FDI decisions. In order to be successful at attracting FDI the development corporations need to understand these dynamics and reasons in order to achieve a strategic fit between potential investor and the IDZ. This can be done by adopting a strategic management model for greenfield FDI from international investors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Rich, Guy Martin
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Investments, foreign -- South Africa , Industrialization -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10937 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/220 , Investments, foreign -- South Africa , Industrialization -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa
- Description: In order to become globally competitive, South Africa has embarked on an industrial development zone (IDZ) programme to boost investment, increase the socio-economic climate, attract world-class manufacturers and generate local and foreign direct investment (FDI) while creating employment, encouraging skills and technology transfer, and increasing foreign exchange earnings. Twelve strategic areas within South Africa have been identified and are in the process of, or have been, declared IDZs. East London and Coega are the first two IDZs to come online in South Africa and have generated much publicity in the past number of years. One of the aims of the IDZs, as world-class production areas, is to generate FDI. Drivers of international FDI include globalisation, political, economic and legal environments and competitive advantage. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2002: 25), FDI accounts for 16 percent of worldwide gross fixed capital formation – and a growing proportion of this is going to developing nations. According to the World Economic Processing Zones Association (WEPZA), IDZs have been the star performer in attracting investment and technology to developing countries during the past 50 years (2002: www.wepza.org). If the Eastern Cape IDZ programme is to be a success, the development corporations that have been established as the management arms of the IDZs will need to facilitate strategic economic advantage, look towards strategic investments that are sustainable, take advantage of and grow existing industrial capacity and create economic and social benefits for the region. There are a number of dynamics and reasons behind global FDI decisions. In order to be successful at attracting FDI the development corporations need to understand these dynamics and reasons in order to achieve a strategic fit between potential investor and the IDZ. This can be done by adopting a strategic management model for greenfield FDI from international investors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The development of an instrument to measure intrapreneurship: entrepreneurship within the corporate setting
- Authors: Hill, Marguerite Elizabeth
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Psychology, Industrial , Organizational change
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2991 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002500 , Entrepreneurship , Psychology, Industrial , Organizational change
- Description: “Intrapreneurship is not a choice, it is the only survival attitude” (Pinchot, 2000, p.75). In 1985 Pinchot coined the term ‘intrapreneurship’, short for intra-corporate entrepreneurship, which describes the practice of entrepreneurship within organisations. Intrapreneurship is increasingly becoming a term used in the business world to describe organisations that are willing to pursue opportunities, initiate actions, and emphasise new, innovative products or services. Due to the dynamic nature of modern organisations, it is imperative that organisations and their managers remain receptive to new ideas, approaches and attitudes. It is therefore the belief that rapid and cost-effective innovation is the primary source of lasting competitive advantage in the twenty-first century, leaving organisations no alternative but to become intrapreneurial or cease to exist. This thesis focuses on this need and examines ways in which intrapreneurship can be measured in organisations in order to provide a benchmark for further organisational development. A questionnaire (known as the Intrapreneurial Intensity Index) was designed and distributed to a sample of 500 employees working in large South African organisations, which classified themselves as ‘forward-thinking’ and aimed for an intrapreneurial ‘type of thinking’. The results obtained from these questionnaires underwent item analysis, after which the questionnaire was redesigned in an electronic format. A pilot case study was then conducted in order to test the reliability of the instrument. Finally the questionnaire was redistributed to a sample of six organisations that are viewed as being ‘intrapreneurial’ and two that are regarded as being ‘non-intrapreneurial’. The data from this sample was used to test the validity of the Intrapreneurial Intensity Index and to demonstrate its application. This study resulted in an instrument that can be used to ascertain the intensity of intrapreneurship present in a large organisation. Specifically, this instrument can provide an overall view of the organisation’s intrapreneurial ability, as well as identify the specific areas in the organisation that require change or modification in order to become more intrapreneurial. This instrument provides a valuable means of identifying areas in need of organisational change, by determining an organisation’s intrapreneurial properties in the organisation’s core areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Hill, Marguerite Elizabeth
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Psychology, Industrial , Organizational change
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2991 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002500 , Entrepreneurship , Psychology, Industrial , Organizational change
- Description: “Intrapreneurship is not a choice, it is the only survival attitude” (Pinchot, 2000, p.75). In 1985 Pinchot coined the term ‘intrapreneurship’, short for intra-corporate entrepreneurship, which describes the practice of entrepreneurship within organisations. Intrapreneurship is increasingly becoming a term used in the business world to describe organisations that are willing to pursue opportunities, initiate actions, and emphasise new, innovative products or services. Due to the dynamic nature of modern organisations, it is imperative that organisations and their managers remain receptive to new ideas, approaches and attitudes. It is therefore the belief that rapid and cost-effective innovation is the primary source of lasting competitive advantage in the twenty-first century, leaving organisations no alternative but to become intrapreneurial or cease to exist. This thesis focuses on this need and examines ways in which intrapreneurship can be measured in organisations in order to provide a benchmark for further organisational development. A questionnaire (known as the Intrapreneurial Intensity Index) was designed and distributed to a sample of 500 employees working in large South African organisations, which classified themselves as ‘forward-thinking’ and aimed for an intrapreneurial ‘type of thinking’. The results obtained from these questionnaires underwent item analysis, after which the questionnaire was redesigned in an electronic format. A pilot case study was then conducted in order to test the reliability of the instrument. Finally the questionnaire was redistributed to a sample of six organisations that are viewed as being ‘intrapreneurial’ and two that are regarded as being ‘non-intrapreneurial’. The data from this sample was used to test the validity of the Intrapreneurial Intensity Index and to demonstrate its application. This study resulted in an instrument that can be used to ascertain the intensity of intrapreneurship present in a large organisation. Specifically, this instrument can provide an overall view of the organisation’s intrapreneurial ability, as well as identify the specific areas in the organisation that require change or modification in order to become more intrapreneurial. This instrument provides a valuable means of identifying areas in need of organisational change, by determining an organisation’s intrapreneurial properties in the organisation’s core areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The development of an integrated model for the implementation of a product data management system at Delta Motor Corporation
- Authors: Stroud, Trevor
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Computer integrated manufacturing systems , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10873 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/224 , Computer integrated manufacturing systems , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: Information technology in mature organisations is viewed as an enabler of teams working together in the product development process. Technology is no longer pursued as an end in itself, but for its contribution to cost control, product quality, and most importantly, time to profit. The focus of this research is the analysis of methodologies used to implement the Teamcenter Engineering Product Data Management (PDM) system at Delta Motor Corporation, which manages all of Delta’s CAD data. The main problem of this research is as follows: How can Delta Motor Corporation successfully implement the “Teamcentre Engineering” Product Data Management System? The main problem will be broken down into three distinct parts, namely the developing of a best practice process, analysing Delta’s implementation and making recommendations for improvement. The literature survey provides the basis for developing a best-practice process, which serves as a benchmark against which to evaluate the methodology used by Delta. Interviews were conducted with selected personnel who were involved in the implementation, and Tesch’s model for content analysis used to analyse the responses. The implementation process of Teamcenter Engineering at Delta was conducted in three phases and only the first was completed at the time of writing this research paper. For this reason, analysis revolves around the first phase of implementation, which was limited to the drawing office, while recommendations are made for the implementation of phase two and three, which roll-out this system to the rest of Delta and it’s supplier base.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Stroud, Trevor
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Computer integrated manufacturing systems , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10873 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/224 , Computer integrated manufacturing systems , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: Information technology in mature organisations is viewed as an enabler of teams working together in the product development process. Technology is no longer pursued as an end in itself, but for its contribution to cost control, product quality, and most importantly, time to profit. The focus of this research is the analysis of methodologies used to implement the Teamcenter Engineering Product Data Management (PDM) system at Delta Motor Corporation, which manages all of Delta’s CAD data. The main problem of this research is as follows: How can Delta Motor Corporation successfully implement the “Teamcentre Engineering” Product Data Management System? The main problem will be broken down into three distinct parts, namely the developing of a best practice process, analysing Delta’s implementation and making recommendations for improvement. The literature survey provides the basis for developing a best-practice process, which serves as a benchmark against which to evaluate the methodology used by Delta. Interviews were conducted with selected personnel who were involved in the implementation, and Tesch’s model for content analysis used to analyse the responses. The implementation process of Teamcenter Engineering at Delta was conducted in three phases and only the first was completed at the time of writing this research paper. For this reason, analysis revolves around the first phase of implementation, which was limited to the drawing office, while recommendations are made for the implementation of phase two and three, which roll-out this system to the rest of Delta and it’s supplier base.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The effect of human soluble FceRII on the RPMI 8866 B-Lymphoblastoid and the U937 Monocyte cell lines
- Authors: Daniels, Brodie Belinda
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Developmental inmmunology , Cellular control mechanisms
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:11084 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/322 , Developmental inmmunology , Cellular control mechanisms
- Description: Due to the diverse functions of Fc eRII, such as its roles in cellular adhesion, growth and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes, rescue of B cells from apoptosis and release of cytotoxic mediators, it is clear why it is believed to be a central molecule in allergic response. Because of its important role in the regulation of IgE production, FceRII may be the primary cause of certain allergic conditions. This study attempted to express and purify a recombinant human soluble FceRII to test its effect on a B-lymphoblastoid (RPMI 8866) and a monocytic (U937) cell line. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli inclusion bodies, before being refolded and purified in a single gel chromatography step. This pure protein was then tested for biological activity by testing its IgE binding func tion. Once proven functional, it was used to test its effect on the cell lines at three concentrations for its apoptotic rescue properties and its cytokine effects. The recombinant protein did not seem to have any significant effect on the apoptotic rescue of either cell line. While the recombinant sFceRII appeared to have a slight effect on the stimulation of IL-1ß and TNFa in the RPMI 8866 cells, there was no apparent effect on the production of NF?B. In U937 cells, the protein did not seem to have any effect on the stimulation of IL-1ß, TNFa or NF?B. However, the cytokine effects of the recombinant protein were tested on isolated PBMCs from a healthy individual and a hyper-IgE syndrome patient. The recombinant protein was able to stimulate the production of cytokines in both individuals’ PBMCs, proving that it has the same effect as the natural protein. The upregulation of these cytokines indicates that the recombinant protein is able to stimulate the immune system. Therefore, this recombinant soluble FceRII protein could possibly be used for immune therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Daniels, Brodie Belinda
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Developmental inmmunology , Cellular control mechanisms
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:11084 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/322 , Developmental inmmunology , Cellular control mechanisms
- Description: Due to the diverse functions of Fc eRII, such as its roles in cellular adhesion, growth and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes, rescue of B cells from apoptosis and release of cytotoxic mediators, it is clear why it is believed to be a central molecule in allergic response. Because of its important role in the regulation of IgE production, FceRII may be the primary cause of certain allergic conditions. This study attempted to express and purify a recombinant human soluble FceRII to test its effect on a B-lymphoblastoid (RPMI 8866) and a monocytic (U937) cell line. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli inclusion bodies, before being refolded and purified in a single gel chromatography step. This pure protein was then tested for biological activity by testing its IgE binding func tion. Once proven functional, it was used to test its effect on the cell lines at three concentrations for its apoptotic rescue properties and its cytokine effects. The recombinant protein did not seem to have any significant effect on the apoptotic rescue of either cell line. While the recombinant sFceRII appeared to have a slight effect on the stimulation of IL-1ß and TNFa in the RPMI 8866 cells, there was no apparent effect on the production of NF?B. In U937 cells, the protein did not seem to have any effect on the stimulation of IL-1ß, TNFa or NF?B. However, the cytokine effects of the recombinant protein were tested on isolated PBMCs from a healthy individual and a hyper-IgE syndrome patient. The recombinant protein was able to stimulate the production of cytokines in both individuals’ PBMCs, proving that it has the same effect as the natural protein. The upregulation of these cytokines indicates that the recombinant protein is able to stimulate the immune system. Therefore, this recombinant soluble FceRII protein could possibly be used for immune therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The effects of age and education on selected cognitive tests: the trail making test, the digit symbol sub-test, and the finger tapping test
- Authors: Stewart, Maureen
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Aging -- Psychological testing , Brain -- Aging , Neuropsychology , Neuropsychological tests
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3114 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004601 , Aging -- Psychological testing , Brain -- Aging , Neuropsychology , Neuropsychological tests
- Description: Numerous studies have suggested that neuropsychological test performance is affected by demographic variables such as age and education. This study examined the effects of age and education on the Trail Making Test, the Digit Symbol Sub-Test, and the Finger Tapping Test in a non-clinical sample of community dwellers with a relatively low level of education (8 to 12 years) in South Africa. The sample consisted of 161 participants across six age groups: 20-39, 40-59, 69-69, 70-79, 80-89 and 90-95 years. Results were examined for mean age effects and variability trends. Highly significant age effects were present across the age groups for all tests, however, there was no uniform pattern of variability across the tests. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test and the Finger Tapping Tests showed a pattern of increasing variability with increasing age, followed by a decrease in very old age while no trend was evident for the Digit Symbol extensions (the Immediate and Delayed Recall tests). The Trail Making Test, Parts A and B, showed a consistent trend of increasing variability across the age groups. Data from the present study was compared with existing data from two relatively high education samples, with equivalent age groupings, to examine education effects. Results showed an education effect for all tests with the high education groups outperforming the low education groups. Although the effects of education became less potent with advancing age, the mean performance of the oldest (80-89 years) high education age group was superior to that of the equivalent low education age group. Comparison of variability trends across both samples showed that the highest variability (the shuttle bulge) was present at the same point along the age axis, or at a later point, for the low education group, as that for the high education group. This finding is inconsistent with Jordan's (1997) 'shuttle model of variability' which predicts an earlier occurrence of the shuttle bulge (left shuttle shift effect) for a low education sample. This study demonstrated that performance on neuropsychological tests is influenced by age and education and highlighted the dangers inherent in unquestionably applying norms, which have not been corrected for age and education, when assessing the older adult.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Stewart, Maureen
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Aging -- Psychological testing , Brain -- Aging , Neuropsychology , Neuropsychological tests
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3114 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004601 , Aging -- Psychological testing , Brain -- Aging , Neuropsychology , Neuropsychological tests
- Description: Numerous studies have suggested that neuropsychological test performance is affected by demographic variables such as age and education. This study examined the effects of age and education on the Trail Making Test, the Digit Symbol Sub-Test, and the Finger Tapping Test in a non-clinical sample of community dwellers with a relatively low level of education (8 to 12 years) in South Africa. The sample consisted of 161 participants across six age groups: 20-39, 40-59, 69-69, 70-79, 80-89 and 90-95 years. Results were examined for mean age effects and variability trends. Highly significant age effects were present across the age groups for all tests, however, there was no uniform pattern of variability across the tests. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test and the Finger Tapping Tests showed a pattern of increasing variability with increasing age, followed by a decrease in very old age while no trend was evident for the Digit Symbol extensions (the Immediate and Delayed Recall tests). The Trail Making Test, Parts A and B, showed a consistent trend of increasing variability across the age groups. Data from the present study was compared with existing data from two relatively high education samples, with equivalent age groupings, to examine education effects. Results showed an education effect for all tests with the high education groups outperforming the low education groups. Although the effects of education became less potent with advancing age, the mean performance of the oldest (80-89 years) high education age group was superior to that of the equivalent low education age group. Comparison of variability trends across both samples showed that the highest variability (the shuttle bulge) was present at the same point along the age axis, or at a later point, for the low education group, as that for the high education group. This finding is inconsistent with Jordan's (1997) 'shuttle model of variability' which predicts an earlier occurrence of the shuttle bulge (left shuttle shift effect) for a low education sample. This study demonstrated that performance on neuropsychological tests is influenced by age and education and highlighted the dangers inherent in unquestionably applying norms, which have not been corrected for age and education, when assessing the older adult.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The effects of criminalising publication offences on the freedom of the press in Uganda, 1986-2000
- Authors: Mbaine, Emmanuel Adolf
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Freedom of the press -- Uganda , Press and politics -- Uganda , Mass media -- Political aspects -- Uganda , Political participation -- Uganda , Democracy -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3462 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002917 , Freedom of the press -- Uganda , Press and politics -- Uganda , Mass media -- Political aspects -- Uganda , Political participation -- Uganda , Democracy -- Uganda
- Description: The press in Uganda has come a long way right from the colonial days when newspapers sprang up, mainly from missionary activity, through the eras of Obote 1 (1962 – 1971), Idi Amin (1971 – 1979), Obote 11 (1980 – 1985), Tito Okello (1985 – 1986) and the Museveni administration (1986 – to date). For most of this time, the press in Uganda enjoyed very little or no freedom to do its work. The year 1986 saw the ascendancy to power of the Yoweri Museveni as president after a five-year bush war with promised to restore peace, democracy, the rule of law, economic prosperity and civic rights and freedoms. Several achievements in these areas have been registered since 1986. Newspapers have sprouted and the broadcast industry liberalised to allow private ownership that has seen the proliferation of FM stations. However, the relations between the government and the press remain strained with journalists arrested and/or prosecuted mainly for offences relating to sedition, publication of false news and criminal libel. This study was intended to examine why journalists in Uganda continue to suffer arrests and incarceration when the country has been reported to be moving towards democratisation. The study was also aimed at assessing the impact of arresting journalists and arraigning them before the courts of law in the period under study and what this portends for freedom of the press and democratisation. It is recommended, among others, that journalists in Uganda need more unity of purpose to pursue meaningful media law reform that will de-criminalise publication wrongs. The civil remedies available to people who feel offended by the press are sufficient, if not excessive. The efforts already undertaken by the Eastern Africa Media Institute (EAMI) Uganda Chapter in this direction should be pursued to a logical conclusion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Mbaine, Emmanuel Adolf
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Freedom of the press -- Uganda , Press and politics -- Uganda , Mass media -- Political aspects -- Uganda , Political participation -- Uganda , Democracy -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3462 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002917 , Freedom of the press -- Uganda , Press and politics -- Uganda , Mass media -- Political aspects -- Uganda , Political participation -- Uganda , Democracy -- Uganda
- Description: The press in Uganda has come a long way right from the colonial days when newspapers sprang up, mainly from missionary activity, through the eras of Obote 1 (1962 – 1971), Idi Amin (1971 – 1979), Obote 11 (1980 – 1985), Tito Okello (1985 – 1986) and the Museveni administration (1986 – to date). For most of this time, the press in Uganda enjoyed very little or no freedom to do its work. The year 1986 saw the ascendancy to power of the Yoweri Museveni as president after a five-year bush war with promised to restore peace, democracy, the rule of law, economic prosperity and civic rights and freedoms. Several achievements in these areas have been registered since 1986. Newspapers have sprouted and the broadcast industry liberalised to allow private ownership that has seen the proliferation of FM stations. However, the relations between the government and the press remain strained with journalists arrested and/or prosecuted mainly for offences relating to sedition, publication of false news and criminal libel. This study was intended to examine why journalists in Uganda continue to suffer arrests and incarceration when the country has been reported to be moving towards democratisation. The study was also aimed at assessing the impact of arresting journalists and arraigning them before the courts of law in the period under study and what this portends for freedom of the press and democratisation. It is recommended, among others, that journalists in Uganda need more unity of purpose to pursue meaningful media law reform that will de-criminalise publication wrongs. The civil remedies available to people who feel offended by the press are sufficient, if not excessive. The efforts already undertaken by the Eastern Africa Media Institute (EAMI) Uganda Chapter in this direction should be pursued to a logical conclusion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The effects of the Labour Relations Act on small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME's) in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan
- Authors: Matiso, Khayalethu Goodman
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Area , Industrial relations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Metropolitan Area
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Business Administration)
- Identifier: vital:10912 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/123 , Small business -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Area , Industrial relations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Metropolitan Area
- Description: The society in which we live is economically based and the greater part of our activities centres in the economy. Within this context, the Department of Trade and Industry recognized that small business development was an important area for government intervention. A long process of highlighting the importance of this sector and creating the right environment in which small businesses could grow and flourish was initiated at the level of policy and legislation. In the Labour Relations field, an attempt at achieving some measure of certainty in previously disputed areas was made through the passing of the Labour Relations Act of 1995. This study aims at exploring the effects of this Act on the growth and development of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. In fulfilling this aim, the focus was restricted to factors such as dismissal of workers, strikes and lock-outs, freedom of association and dispute resolution. The theory pertaining to Labour Legislation and small business development was obtained by means of conducting a comprehensive literature study. The literature study included all relevant perspectives on the Labour Relations Act and Government Policy on small businesses. From the study, a questionnaire was developed to test the impact of the Act on the growth and development of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The empirical results, in general, indicated non-compliance with the Labour Relations Act and negative views on the value of the Act on the growth and development of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. From the literature study and the findings of the research questionnaire, it became apparent that: · A comprehensive audit of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole is needed. The aim of the audit would be to review the current operations of the small business sector in the Metropole. This outcome will indicate the extent of understanding and compliance with the various aspects of the Labour Relations Act. · The acquisition of industrial relations knowledge and skills by owners and leaders in the sector is vital for the development of the sector. The Skills Development Act provides a funding framework for skills training that is relevant to a specific industry. The small business sector could benefit significantly from the provision of this piece of legislation. · A comprehensive support programme for SMME’s is a necessary prerequisite for the growth and development of the sector. The support system could include tax incentives, flexible labour legislation and training as indicated in the above paragraph.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Matiso, Khayalethu Goodman
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Area , Industrial relations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Metropolitan Area
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Business Administration)
- Identifier: vital:10912 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/123 , Small business -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Area , Industrial relations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Metropolitan Area
- Description: The society in which we live is economically based and the greater part of our activities centres in the economy. Within this context, the Department of Trade and Industry recognized that small business development was an important area for government intervention. A long process of highlighting the importance of this sector and creating the right environment in which small businesses could grow and flourish was initiated at the level of policy and legislation. In the Labour Relations field, an attempt at achieving some measure of certainty in previously disputed areas was made through the passing of the Labour Relations Act of 1995. This study aims at exploring the effects of this Act on the growth and development of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. In fulfilling this aim, the focus was restricted to factors such as dismissal of workers, strikes and lock-outs, freedom of association and dispute resolution. The theory pertaining to Labour Legislation and small business development was obtained by means of conducting a comprehensive literature study. The literature study included all relevant perspectives on the Labour Relations Act and Government Policy on small businesses. From the study, a questionnaire was developed to test the impact of the Act on the growth and development of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The empirical results, in general, indicated non-compliance with the Labour Relations Act and negative views on the value of the Act on the growth and development of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. From the literature study and the findings of the research questionnaire, it became apparent that: · A comprehensive audit of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole is needed. The aim of the audit would be to review the current operations of the small business sector in the Metropole. This outcome will indicate the extent of understanding and compliance with the various aspects of the Labour Relations Act. · The acquisition of industrial relations knowledge and skills by owners and leaders in the sector is vital for the development of the sector. The Skills Development Act provides a funding framework for skills training that is relevant to a specific industry. The small business sector could benefit significantly from the provision of this piece of legislation. · A comprehensive support programme for SMME’s is a necessary prerequisite for the growth and development of the sector. The support system could include tax incentives, flexible labour legislation and training as indicated in the above paragraph.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The emergence and growth of dial-up internet service providers (ISPs) as a means of access to the internet in South Africa: a case study of M-Web and World Online
- De Vos Belgraver, Cecilia Susan
- Authors: De Vos Belgraver, Cecilia Susan
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Internet service providers -- South Africa , Internet service providers -- South Africa -- Case studies , M-Web , World Online
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007811 , Internet service providers -- South Africa , Internet service providers -- South Africa -- Case studies , M-Web , World Online
- Description: The desire amongst media scholars for the fulfilment of the ideal of a universally accessible public sphere by the media is such that virtually every new communications technology that has emerged over the past 1 ~O-odd years such as radio, television or the Internet has been welcomed with enthusiasm - by some - at the prospect of the newest communications innovation bringing about universal access to information. However, the history of communications media tells of the commercialisation of each new medium, from radio to television, and the imposition of barriers to access, based on cost. Access to communications media is open to those people who can afford to pay for them. 111e emergence of the Internet spawned renewed hoped that the public sphere ideal would be realised. 111is new technology seemed more powerful than anything that had come before it. The Internet offered the means whereby one could access a global repository of information, stored on a worldwide network of computer networks, and available 24 hours a day. With the Internet, it was also possible to communicate with people on the other side of the world within seconds, using electronic mail (e-mail). Here was a medium that permitted one to send text and pictures to colleagues and friends within a fraction of the time taken by traditional means such as fax, telephone or post. To enjoy the convenience of the Internet though, one had to have a means of access. In South Africa, access could be gained through a personal computer linked to the Internet either through a network in the workplace or an academic or research institution, or via a telephone link to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). What were the names of the first ISPs to emerge in South Africa? When did they emerge and how did they develop? Did the number of ISPs grow or decline? What do ISPs give access to, at what cost and to whom? Do they provide universal access to information? This study addresses these questions by examining South Africa's leading providers of home dial-up internet access, M-Web and World Online, and by exploring the histories of their emergence and development, within the context of current media trends of concentration, diversification and globalisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: De Vos Belgraver, Cecilia Susan
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Internet service providers -- South Africa , Internet service providers -- South Africa -- Case studies , M-Web , World Online
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007811 , Internet service providers -- South Africa , Internet service providers -- South Africa -- Case studies , M-Web , World Online
- Description: The desire amongst media scholars for the fulfilment of the ideal of a universally accessible public sphere by the media is such that virtually every new communications technology that has emerged over the past 1 ~O-odd years such as radio, television or the Internet has been welcomed with enthusiasm - by some - at the prospect of the newest communications innovation bringing about universal access to information. However, the history of communications media tells of the commercialisation of each new medium, from radio to television, and the imposition of barriers to access, based on cost. Access to communications media is open to those people who can afford to pay for them. 111e emergence of the Internet spawned renewed hoped that the public sphere ideal would be realised. 111is new technology seemed more powerful than anything that had come before it. The Internet offered the means whereby one could access a global repository of information, stored on a worldwide network of computer networks, and available 24 hours a day. With the Internet, it was also possible to communicate with people on the other side of the world within seconds, using electronic mail (e-mail). Here was a medium that permitted one to send text and pictures to colleagues and friends within a fraction of the time taken by traditional means such as fax, telephone or post. To enjoy the convenience of the Internet though, one had to have a means of access. In South Africa, access could be gained through a personal computer linked to the Internet either through a network in the workplace or an academic or research institution, or via a telephone link to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). What were the names of the first ISPs to emerge in South Africa? When did they emerge and how did they develop? Did the number of ISPs grow or decline? What do ISPs give access to, at what cost and to whom? Do they provide universal access to information? This study addresses these questions by examining South Africa's leading providers of home dial-up internet access, M-Web and World Online, and by exploring the histories of their emergence and development, within the context of current media trends of concentration, diversification and globalisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The establishment of a virus free laboratory colony of Cryptophlebia leucotreta (False Codling Moth) and characterisation of Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV) genes
- Authors: Ludewig, Michael Hans
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Cryptophlebia leucotreta -- Control , Pests -- Biological control , DNA viruses , Agricultural pests -- Biological control , Baculoviruses
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3957 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004016 , Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Cryptophlebia leucotreta -- Control , Pests -- Biological control , DNA viruses , Agricultural pests -- Biological control , Baculoviruses
- Description: Cryptophlebia leucotreta is an economically important agricultural pest throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. CrleGV has been considered as an alternative to chemical control of this pest due to its host specificity and innocuous nature towards vertebrates. A CrleGV free laboratory colony of C. leucotreta would be useful for the isolation of genotypically pure strains of the CrleGV and for virulence comparisons between isolates. It is preferable to have a full characterisation of CrleGV prior to its registration and release into the environment as a biopesticide. A laboratory colony of C. leucotreta, set up at Rhodes University, containing a low level of infection indicated that CrleGV is vertically transmitted. To establish a virus free laboratory colony of C. leucotreta, a solution of 3.5% sodium hypochlorite and 1% Tween 20 was used to surface decontaminate C. leucotreta eggs for removal of transovum CrleGV from the laboratory colony. No apparent infection by CrleGV was induced by subjecting larvae to stress. PCR of DNA extracted from larvae using CTAB failed to detect virus in the laboratory colony. This detection protocol was able to detect down to 60 fg (480 genome copies of CrleGV). The possibility of low-level virus remaining in the colony requires monitoring of genotypic purity of virus manipulated in the colony. Sequencing of Bam HI/KpnI fragments produced a preliminary sequence of the granulin region of CrleGV. This preliminary sequence supports the trend that the gene organisation of the granulin region of the granuloviruses infecting the family Tortricidae is conserved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Ludewig, Michael Hans
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Cryptophlebia leucotreta -- Control , Pests -- Biological control , DNA viruses , Agricultural pests -- Biological control , Baculoviruses
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3957 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004016 , Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Cryptophlebia leucotreta -- Control , Pests -- Biological control , DNA viruses , Agricultural pests -- Biological control , Baculoviruses
- Description: Cryptophlebia leucotreta is an economically important agricultural pest throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. CrleGV has been considered as an alternative to chemical control of this pest due to its host specificity and innocuous nature towards vertebrates. A CrleGV free laboratory colony of C. leucotreta would be useful for the isolation of genotypically pure strains of the CrleGV and for virulence comparisons between isolates. It is preferable to have a full characterisation of CrleGV prior to its registration and release into the environment as a biopesticide. A laboratory colony of C. leucotreta, set up at Rhodes University, containing a low level of infection indicated that CrleGV is vertically transmitted. To establish a virus free laboratory colony of C. leucotreta, a solution of 3.5% sodium hypochlorite and 1% Tween 20 was used to surface decontaminate C. leucotreta eggs for removal of transovum CrleGV from the laboratory colony. No apparent infection by CrleGV was induced by subjecting larvae to stress. PCR of DNA extracted from larvae using CTAB failed to detect virus in the laboratory colony. This detection protocol was able to detect down to 60 fg (480 genome copies of CrleGV). The possibility of low-level virus remaining in the colony requires monitoring of genotypic purity of virus manipulated in the colony. Sequencing of Bam HI/KpnI fragments produced a preliminary sequence of the granulin region of CrleGV. This preliminary sequence supports the trend that the gene organisation of the granulin region of the granuloviruses infecting the family Tortricidae is conserved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The evaluation of potential improvements of barton pot oxides for lead acid batteries
- Authors: Geyer, Laurence Thomas
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Lead oxides -- South Africa , Lead acid batteries -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10982 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/233 , Lead oxides -- South Africa , Lead acid batteries -- South Africa
- Description: Lead Oxide (PbO) is the main material used for the preparation of the active material for the positive and negative electrodes in the lead acid battery where the electrochemical reaction that provides the electrical energy of the battery takes place. The particle size distribution and surface area characteristics of the lead oxide play a major role in the electrical performance of the completed battery. The two most commonly used processes to manufacture PbO in the lead acid battery industry are the Barton pot and the Ball mill processes. These two processes produce oxides that differ in particle size distribution, particle shape and surface area. It is generally accepted that the Ball mill process produces an oxide with a smaller mean particle size with a higher surface area and better initial electrical performance than the Barton pot process to the detriment of an initial higher capital and running cost. The study showed that it is possible to improve the surface area and particle size distribution characteristics of Barton pot oxide, by subsequently hammer milling the oxide particles before the paste manufacturing process. The results showed that there was an initial reduction in the particle size with an increase in the surface area. This increased the electrochemical performance in terms of the high rate discharge. However, further hammering of the oxide reduced the average particle size only slightly with little change in the surface area and a reduction in the electrochemical performance. The study showed that an improvement in Barton pot oxide can be achieved with a hammering of the oxide in order to obtain a uniform particle size with improved surface area and an improved high rate performance of the electrochemical cells made with such an oxide. As a comparison, the particle size and surface area characteristics of Ball mill lead oxide subjected to the hammer milling process was also studied. The results showed a similar effect to the Barton pot oxide on the particle size distribution. However, there was no appreciable change in the surface area due to the hammer milling process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Geyer, Laurence Thomas
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Lead oxides -- South Africa , Lead acid batteries -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10982 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/233 , Lead oxides -- South Africa , Lead acid batteries -- South Africa
- Description: Lead Oxide (PbO) is the main material used for the preparation of the active material for the positive and negative electrodes in the lead acid battery where the electrochemical reaction that provides the electrical energy of the battery takes place. The particle size distribution and surface area characteristics of the lead oxide play a major role in the electrical performance of the completed battery. The two most commonly used processes to manufacture PbO in the lead acid battery industry are the Barton pot and the Ball mill processes. These two processes produce oxides that differ in particle size distribution, particle shape and surface area. It is generally accepted that the Ball mill process produces an oxide with a smaller mean particle size with a higher surface area and better initial electrical performance than the Barton pot process to the detriment of an initial higher capital and running cost. The study showed that it is possible to improve the surface area and particle size distribution characteristics of Barton pot oxide, by subsequently hammer milling the oxide particles before the paste manufacturing process. The results showed that there was an initial reduction in the particle size with an increase in the surface area. This increased the electrochemical performance in terms of the high rate discharge. However, further hammering of the oxide reduced the average particle size only slightly with little change in the surface area and a reduction in the electrochemical performance. The study showed that an improvement in Barton pot oxide can be achieved with a hammering of the oxide in order to obtain a uniform particle size with improved surface area and an improved high rate performance of the electrochemical cells made with such an oxide. As a comparison, the particle size and surface area characteristics of Ball mill lead oxide subjected to the hammer milling process was also studied. The results showed a similar effect to the Barton pot oxide on the particle size distribution. However, there was no appreciable change in the surface area due to the hammer milling process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The factors mediating change in people practising mindfulness
- Authors: Watkin, Matthew
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Cognitive therapy Meditation Depression, Mental Anxiety -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3097 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003737
- Description: This study examines the experience of people who have begun practising mindfulness as it is taught in the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction programme (MBSR). The study has two aims: 1) to conceptualise the psychological mechanisms underpinning any change, and 2) to see if the changes produced are the same or similar to those produced in a cognitive therapy programme. The study focuses on two female participants, both with diagnosable psychopathology, who were part of the same MBSR programme at the Cape Town Medi-Clinic. Quantitative self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and medical symptoms were used as a measure of change. In-depth qualitative data which explored psychological, emotional and behavioural changes came from semi-structured interviews taken before, during, and immediately after the MBSR, and at a one-month follow-up. The interview data was supplemented by daily diaries documenting the participants' experiences of mindfulness, together with in-session video recordings. The analysis of these cases provide support for the model proposed by Segal, Teasdale and Williams (2002) of the factors underpinning improvement using mindfulness as a treatment. The changes were found to be similar, but not identical, to those that one would expect in a cognitive therapy programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Watkin, Matthew
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Cognitive therapy Meditation Depression, Mental Anxiety -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3097 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003737
- Description: This study examines the experience of people who have begun practising mindfulness as it is taught in the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction programme (MBSR). The study has two aims: 1) to conceptualise the psychological mechanisms underpinning any change, and 2) to see if the changes produced are the same or similar to those produced in a cognitive therapy programme. The study focuses on two female participants, both with diagnosable psychopathology, who were part of the same MBSR programme at the Cape Town Medi-Clinic. Quantitative self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and medical symptoms were used as a measure of change. In-depth qualitative data which explored psychological, emotional and behavioural changes came from semi-structured interviews taken before, during, and immediately after the MBSR, and at a one-month follow-up. The interview data was supplemented by daily diaries documenting the participants' experiences of mindfulness, together with in-session video recordings. The analysis of these cases provide support for the model proposed by Segal, Teasdale and Williams (2002) of the factors underpinning improvement using mindfulness as a treatment. The changes were found to be similar, but not identical, to those that one would expect in a cognitive therapy programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The history of marine fish systematics in South Africa
- Authors: Gon, O (Ofer), 1949-
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Fishes -- Research -- South Africa -- History Fishes -- Catalogs and collections -- South Africa -- History Museums -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2599 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007800
- Description: South African marine fish collections and systematic research are relatively young, essentially a product of the 20th century. Their history in South Africa comprises three distinct periods: the emergence of fish collections (before 1895), the beginning of research (1895-1945) and modern research (1945-1999). From the outset of their arrival in South Africa in the mid-17th century, the European settlers of the Cape Colony supplemented their diet with fishes. Therefore it is not surprising that when natural history museums appeared in the 19th century fishes were among the first specimens they procured or received from the public. In these early days, fishes were acquired for display purposes and were curated together with other natural history specimens. There were no fish collections as such and, in many ways, the early history of South African fish collections closely followed the history of the institutions in which they were housed. Major political events in South Africa between 1850-1910 had little effect on the slow growth offish collections as the low influx of specimens from the public did not change. None of the museums did any active fish collecting and no fish research as such took place during these years. The second period in the growth of fish collections in South Africa was characterised by a general shift to collecting for research rather than display. It was also a period during which the need for aquatic research was recognized by and began to attract funding from the South African government, starting with the establishment of the Marine Biological Survey in Cape Town. However, with the exception of the Albany Museum's self-trained J.L.B. Smith, no trained marine fish systematists were working in museums either as curators or as researchers. In the first half of the 20"' century South Africa experienced the fast growth of the fishing industry, the development of academic and applied research in marine biology, and the thriving of sport fishing. These developments created a demand for well-trained professional ichthyologists. J.L.B. Smith was the first to fill this professional gap. The growth rate offish collections increased significantly through the interaction between museum scientists, such as Smith in Grahamstown and K.H. Barnard in Cape Town, with the fishing industry, government biologists and fisheries officers, and anglers. Barnard's review of the South African marine fish fauna was published in mid-I920s. The discovery of the first living coelacanth placed South African ichthyology and Smith on the international stage. The identification of this fish, made by a relatively inexperienced Smith, changed the way ichthyology has been viewed in South Africa. At the beginning of the third period, largely due to the establishment of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in 1945, science in South Africa underwent a process of reorganisation. As funding became more available museums were able to enlarge their research staff. Natural history museums hired qualified experts to conduct research and manage collections of specific groups of organisms. For the first time, trained ichthyologists started working in museums and initiated research projects that were the main contributors to the growth of fish collections around the country. Furthermore it was a period of consolidation offish collections resulting in two large marine fish collections, one at the South African Museum, Cape Town, and another at the J .L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown. This period also witnessed the establishment of the latter as a research institute dedicated to the study of fishes and its rise to international prominence. The last 55 years at J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology can be divided into two distinct periods, 1945-1967 and 1968-1999, each consisting of similar elements of research work and objectives. These included the research and production of major reviews of the fish faunas of South Africa, the western Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean, as well as research on the coelacanth. While in the former period the work was done by one scientist, J.L.B. Smith, the latter period has been characterised by collaborative projects including scientists from South Africa and abroad. As this history shows, the establishment of a viable, long-lasting collection is a lengthy process. For about 60 years the durability of fish collections depended on the enthusiasm and persistence of individual curators and scientists who were not ichthyologists. More often than not, enthusiasm disappeared when such individuals left their museums. This dependence existed until Rhodes University College established the Department of Ichthyology (1947) and the South African Museum created a post specifically for the curation of the fish collection (1957) and thus ensured continuity. The continuity of biosystematic research in South Africa has been a minor concern for the nation's systematists for decades. The threats to marine fish systematics have been of a financial, political and professional nature. The latter has been the most serious one because of the dearth of South Africans trained in marine fish systematics. After J.L.B. Smith's death in 1968 M.M. Smith had to work hard to convince the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research and Rhodes University that she could step into her late husband's shoes. Realizing that there was nobody to take over from her she initiated the first and only postgraduate programme in ichthyology in South Africa. The teaching started in the academic year of 1970171 at the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, but to date only one student has completed a thesis in marine fish systematics. Due to the government's transformation policy all the practising marine fish systematists in South Africa will be retiring in the course of the present decade. Consequently, if no aspiring, motivated students appear on the scene in the next couple of years marine fish systematics in this country will be in a deep crisis by the year 2010, possibly even earlier.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Gon, O (Ofer), 1949-
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Fishes -- Research -- South Africa -- History Fishes -- Catalogs and collections -- South Africa -- History Museums -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2599 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007800
- Description: South African marine fish collections and systematic research are relatively young, essentially a product of the 20th century. Their history in South Africa comprises three distinct periods: the emergence of fish collections (before 1895), the beginning of research (1895-1945) and modern research (1945-1999). From the outset of their arrival in South Africa in the mid-17th century, the European settlers of the Cape Colony supplemented their diet with fishes. Therefore it is not surprising that when natural history museums appeared in the 19th century fishes were among the first specimens they procured or received from the public. In these early days, fishes were acquired for display purposes and were curated together with other natural history specimens. There were no fish collections as such and, in many ways, the early history of South African fish collections closely followed the history of the institutions in which they were housed. Major political events in South Africa between 1850-1910 had little effect on the slow growth offish collections as the low influx of specimens from the public did not change. None of the museums did any active fish collecting and no fish research as such took place during these years. The second period in the growth of fish collections in South Africa was characterised by a general shift to collecting for research rather than display. It was also a period during which the need for aquatic research was recognized by and began to attract funding from the South African government, starting with the establishment of the Marine Biological Survey in Cape Town. However, with the exception of the Albany Museum's self-trained J.L.B. Smith, no trained marine fish systematists were working in museums either as curators or as researchers. In the first half of the 20"' century South Africa experienced the fast growth of the fishing industry, the development of academic and applied research in marine biology, and the thriving of sport fishing. These developments created a demand for well-trained professional ichthyologists. J.L.B. Smith was the first to fill this professional gap. The growth rate offish collections increased significantly through the interaction between museum scientists, such as Smith in Grahamstown and K.H. Barnard in Cape Town, with the fishing industry, government biologists and fisheries officers, and anglers. Barnard's review of the South African marine fish fauna was published in mid-I920s. The discovery of the first living coelacanth placed South African ichthyology and Smith on the international stage. The identification of this fish, made by a relatively inexperienced Smith, changed the way ichthyology has been viewed in South Africa. At the beginning of the third period, largely due to the establishment of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in 1945, science in South Africa underwent a process of reorganisation. As funding became more available museums were able to enlarge their research staff. Natural history museums hired qualified experts to conduct research and manage collections of specific groups of organisms. For the first time, trained ichthyologists started working in museums and initiated research projects that were the main contributors to the growth of fish collections around the country. Furthermore it was a period of consolidation offish collections resulting in two large marine fish collections, one at the South African Museum, Cape Town, and another at the J .L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown. This period also witnessed the establishment of the latter as a research institute dedicated to the study of fishes and its rise to international prominence. The last 55 years at J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology can be divided into two distinct periods, 1945-1967 and 1968-1999, each consisting of similar elements of research work and objectives. These included the research and production of major reviews of the fish faunas of South Africa, the western Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean, as well as research on the coelacanth. While in the former period the work was done by one scientist, J.L.B. Smith, the latter period has been characterised by collaborative projects including scientists from South Africa and abroad. As this history shows, the establishment of a viable, long-lasting collection is a lengthy process. For about 60 years the durability of fish collections depended on the enthusiasm and persistence of individual curators and scientists who were not ichthyologists. More often than not, enthusiasm disappeared when such individuals left their museums. This dependence existed until Rhodes University College established the Department of Ichthyology (1947) and the South African Museum created a post specifically for the curation of the fish collection (1957) and thus ensured continuity. The continuity of biosystematic research in South Africa has been a minor concern for the nation's systematists for decades. The threats to marine fish systematics have been of a financial, political and professional nature. The latter has been the most serious one because of the dearth of South Africans trained in marine fish systematics. After J.L.B. Smith's death in 1968 M.M. Smith had to work hard to convince the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research and Rhodes University that she could step into her late husband's shoes. Realizing that there was nobody to take over from her she initiated the first and only postgraduate programme in ichthyology in South Africa. The teaching started in the academic year of 1970171 at the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, but to date only one student has completed a thesis in marine fish systematics. Due to the government's transformation policy all the practising marine fish systematists in South Africa will be retiring in the course of the present decade. Consequently, if no aspiring, motivated students appear on the scene in the next couple of years marine fish systematics in this country will be in a deep crisis by the year 2010, possibly even earlier.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The hydrolysis of primary sewage sludge under biosulphidogenic conditions
- Molwantwa, Jennifer Balatedi
- Authors: Molwantwa, Jennifer Balatedi
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Sewage sludge , Hydrolysis , Sewage -- Purification -- Activated sludge process
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3961 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004020 , Sewage sludge , Hydrolysis , Sewage -- Purification -- Activated sludge process
- Description: The potential for using readily available and cost-effective complex carbon sources such as primary sewage sludge for a range of environmental remediation processes, including biological sulphate reduction, biological nutrient removal and the bioremediation of acid mine drainage, has been constrained by the slow rate of solubilization and low yield of soluble products, which drive the above mentioned processes. Previous work conducted by the Environmental Biotechnology Group at Rhodes University indicated that the degradation of primary sewage sludge was enhanced under sulphate reducing conditions. This was proven in both laboratory and pilot-scale (Reciprocating Sludge Bed Reactor) systems, where the particulate matter accumulated in the sludge bed and the molecules in smaller flocs were rapidly solubilized. The current study was aimed at investigating in more detail the factors that govern the enhanced hydrolysis under sulphate reducing conditions, and to develop a descriptive model to explain the underlying mechanism involved. The solubilization of primary sewage sludge under sulphate reducing conditions was conducted in controlled flask studies and previously reported findings of enhanced hydrolysis were confirmed. The maximum percentage solubilization obtained in this study was 31% and 63% for the methanogenic and sulphidogenic systems respectively, and this was achieved over a period of 10 days. A rate of reducing sugar production and complex molecule breakdown of 51 mg. L⁻¹.hr⁻¹ and 167 mg.L⁻¹.hr⁻¹ was observed for the methanogenic and sulphidogenic systems respectively. The flask studies revealed that during hydrolysis of primary sewage sludge under sulphidogenic conditions there was enhanced production of soluble products, specifically carbohydrates (reducing sugars) and volatile fatty acids, compared to methanogenic conditions. The rate at which these products were utilized was also found to be more rapid under sulphidogenic as compared to methanogenic conditions. A study of the distribution of volatile fatty acids indicated that acetate was utilized preferentially in the methanogenic system, and that propionate, butyrate and valerate accumulated with time. The converse was found to occur in the sulphidogenic system. The descriptive model developed from the results of this study was based on the fact that a consortium of bacteria, composed of hydrolytic, acidogenic and acetogenic species, carries out the solubilization of complex carbon sources. Furthermore, it is essential that equilibrium between product formation and utilization is maintained, and that accumulation of soluble end products impacts negatively on the rate of the hydrolysis step. It is therefore proposed that the relatively poor utilization of VFA and reducing sugars in the methanogenic system activates a negative feedback inhibition on the hydrolytic and/ or acidogenic step. This inhibition is reduced in the sulphidogenic system where the utilization of end products is higher.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Molwantwa, Jennifer Balatedi
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Sewage sludge , Hydrolysis , Sewage -- Purification -- Activated sludge process
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3961 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004020 , Sewage sludge , Hydrolysis , Sewage -- Purification -- Activated sludge process
- Description: The potential for using readily available and cost-effective complex carbon sources such as primary sewage sludge for a range of environmental remediation processes, including biological sulphate reduction, biological nutrient removal and the bioremediation of acid mine drainage, has been constrained by the slow rate of solubilization and low yield of soluble products, which drive the above mentioned processes. Previous work conducted by the Environmental Biotechnology Group at Rhodes University indicated that the degradation of primary sewage sludge was enhanced under sulphate reducing conditions. This was proven in both laboratory and pilot-scale (Reciprocating Sludge Bed Reactor) systems, where the particulate matter accumulated in the sludge bed and the molecules in smaller flocs were rapidly solubilized. The current study was aimed at investigating in more detail the factors that govern the enhanced hydrolysis under sulphate reducing conditions, and to develop a descriptive model to explain the underlying mechanism involved. The solubilization of primary sewage sludge under sulphate reducing conditions was conducted in controlled flask studies and previously reported findings of enhanced hydrolysis were confirmed. The maximum percentage solubilization obtained in this study was 31% and 63% for the methanogenic and sulphidogenic systems respectively, and this was achieved over a period of 10 days. A rate of reducing sugar production and complex molecule breakdown of 51 mg. L⁻¹.hr⁻¹ and 167 mg.L⁻¹.hr⁻¹ was observed for the methanogenic and sulphidogenic systems respectively. The flask studies revealed that during hydrolysis of primary sewage sludge under sulphidogenic conditions there was enhanced production of soluble products, specifically carbohydrates (reducing sugars) and volatile fatty acids, compared to methanogenic conditions. The rate at which these products were utilized was also found to be more rapid under sulphidogenic as compared to methanogenic conditions. A study of the distribution of volatile fatty acids indicated that acetate was utilized preferentially in the methanogenic system, and that propionate, butyrate and valerate accumulated with time. The converse was found to occur in the sulphidogenic system. The descriptive model developed from the results of this study was based on the fact that a consortium of bacteria, composed of hydrolytic, acidogenic and acetogenic species, carries out the solubilization of complex carbon sources. Furthermore, it is essential that equilibrium between product formation and utilization is maintained, and that accumulation of soluble end products impacts negatively on the rate of the hydrolysis step. It is therefore proposed that the relatively poor utilization of VFA and reducing sugars in the methanogenic system activates a negative feedback inhibition on the hydrolytic and/ or acidogenic step. This inhibition is reduced in the sulphidogenic system where the utilization of end products is higher.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The ibali of Nongqawuse: translating the oral tradition into visual expression
- Authors: Nhlangwini, Andrew Pandheni
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Nongqawuse, 1841-1898 , Xhosa (African people) -- History , Oral tradition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Oral history -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Art -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Fine Art)
- Identifier: vital:10761 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/237 , Nongqawuse, 1841-1898 , Xhosa (African people) -- History , Oral tradition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Oral history -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Art -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The tribal life and the oral traditions of black South Africans have been marginalized. The consequence of the western civilization and the apartheid regime forced people to do away from their traditional heritage and culture; they adopted the western way of life. They buried their oral tradition and only a little has survived. To save the dying culture of the art of the oral tradition we need to go out and record and document the surviving oral tradition as soon as possible. Since the art of the oral tradition is an art form conducted by an artist, it may be possible to tell the ibali likaNongqawuse by means of visual imagery. Visual images can be read and be understood easily by the public because visual forms, sings, images can make up a language for both the literate as well as the illiterate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Nhlangwini, Andrew Pandheni
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Nongqawuse, 1841-1898 , Xhosa (African people) -- History , Oral tradition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Oral history -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Art -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Fine Art)
- Identifier: vital:10761 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/237 , Nongqawuse, 1841-1898 , Xhosa (African people) -- History , Oral tradition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Oral history -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Art -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The tribal life and the oral traditions of black South Africans have been marginalized. The consequence of the western civilization and the apartheid regime forced people to do away from their traditional heritage and culture; they adopted the western way of life. They buried their oral tradition and only a little has survived. To save the dying culture of the art of the oral tradition we need to go out and record and document the surviving oral tradition as soon as possible. Since the art of the oral tradition is an art form conducted by an artist, it may be possible to tell the ibali likaNongqawuse by means of visual imagery. Visual images can be read and be understood easily by the public because visual forms, sings, images can make up a language for both the literate as well as the illiterate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The identification of factors that contribute to the competitive advantage of the intermodal industry in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan municipality
- Authors: De Koker, Jacques Michael
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Freight and freightage -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Containerization -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Competition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10861 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/239 , Freight and freightage -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Containerization -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Competition
- Description: The research problem addressed in the study was to identify the factors contributing to a competitive advantage in the intermodal industry in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality (NMMM). To achieve this objective, a literature study on competitive advantage and the intermodal industry was undertaken. Porter’s diamond of competitive advantage was used as basis for the study. A structured questionnaire was developed from the literature study on competitive advantage, and interviews were with clients of the intermodal industry in the NMMM. The empirical study showed a strong concurrence with the literature on competitive advantage. This study identified the following factors promoting a competitive advantage: performance factors, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and the organisation’s strategy, structure and rivalry. In conclusion, recommendations on how the intermodal industry can achieve a competitive advantage included the choice between a focused strategy and a combination of price and differentiation strategy. Further recommendations included the development of a comprehensive land freight information system, promotion of environmental protection, human resource development, and the promotion of an efficient and competitive intermodal industry within the limits of the road transport infrastructure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: De Koker, Jacques Michael
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Freight and freightage -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Containerization -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Competition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10861 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/239 , Freight and freightage -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Containerization -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Competition
- Description: The research problem addressed in the study was to identify the factors contributing to a competitive advantage in the intermodal industry in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality (NMMM). To achieve this objective, a literature study on competitive advantage and the intermodal industry was undertaken. Porter’s diamond of competitive advantage was used as basis for the study. A structured questionnaire was developed from the literature study on competitive advantage, and interviews were with clients of the intermodal industry in the NMMM. The empirical study showed a strong concurrence with the literature on competitive advantage. This study identified the following factors promoting a competitive advantage: performance factors, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and the organisation’s strategy, structure and rivalry. In conclusion, recommendations on how the intermodal industry can achieve a competitive advantage included the choice between a focused strategy and a combination of price and differentiation strategy. Further recommendations included the development of a comprehensive land freight information system, promotion of environmental protection, human resource development, and the promotion of an efficient and competitive intermodal industry within the limits of the road transport infrastructure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The impact of diversity training on employee attitudes and behaviour with regard to diversity in work organisations: an analysis of a diversity-training programme in a Namibian work organisation
- Authors: Amuenje, Florentia
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of -- Namibia , Diversity in the workplace , Employees -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2924 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002433 , Employees -- Training of -- Namibia , Diversity in the workplace , Employees -- Attitudes
- Description: Diversity training programmes are formal efforts to prepare the workforce to work with individuals from different cultural backgrounds and to improve organisational effectiveness. Although many studies have described diversity training programmes in the workplace, only a few have been evaluated to assess their effectiveness and impact on job outcomes. This thesis describes a study that assessed the impact of a diversity management-training programme on employee attitudes and behaviour towards diversity in a manufacturing company in Namibia. Kirkpatrick’s (1959) four-level model, which examines the trainees’ reactions to the training, the learning acquired, the behaviour change and improvement in organisational results, was used to measure the impact of the training programme. Data was collected through pre-and post-assessment semi-structured individual interviews and a focus group was conducted two months after the training. Data analysis indicates that the first two levels of the evaluation model showed an impact. The participants had positive reactions towards the course and said that they had learnt from the course. The data also showed that the training did not have any impact on the behaviour of the participants and on organisational outcomes. The research also revealed that lack of improved productivity and organisational results might have been influenced by unrealistic expectations, past political conditions, job insecurity and unemployment and the training context. Some recommendations for both the diversity training programme administrators as well as the management of the company are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Amuenje, Florentia
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of -- Namibia , Diversity in the workplace , Employees -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2924 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002433 , Employees -- Training of -- Namibia , Diversity in the workplace , Employees -- Attitudes
- Description: Diversity training programmes are formal efforts to prepare the workforce to work with individuals from different cultural backgrounds and to improve organisational effectiveness. Although many studies have described diversity training programmes in the workplace, only a few have been evaluated to assess their effectiveness and impact on job outcomes. This thesis describes a study that assessed the impact of a diversity management-training programme on employee attitudes and behaviour towards diversity in a manufacturing company in Namibia. Kirkpatrick’s (1959) four-level model, which examines the trainees’ reactions to the training, the learning acquired, the behaviour change and improvement in organisational results, was used to measure the impact of the training programme. Data was collected through pre-and post-assessment semi-structured individual interviews and a focus group was conducted two months after the training. Data analysis indicates that the first two levels of the evaluation model showed an impact. The participants had positive reactions towards the course and said that they had learnt from the course. The data also showed that the training did not have any impact on the behaviour of the participants and on organisational outcomes. The research also revealed that lack of improved productivity and organisational results might have been influenced by unrealistic expectations, past political conditions, job insecurity and unemployment and the training context. Some recommendations for both the diversity training programme administrators as well as the management of the company are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The impact of US Peace Corps volunteers on the management and leadership of a school in Namibia: a case study
- Authors: Ipangelwa, Anna
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Peace Corps (U.S.) Volunteer workers in Education -- Namibia Education -- Namibia Education and state -- Namibia Educational change -- Namibia School management and organization -- Namibia Educational leadership -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1561 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003443
- Description: Peace Corps Volunteer teachers have played a significant role in Namibia’s attempts to restructure education in line with its policy of education for all. While we have learned a great deal in recent years about how Peace Corps Volunteer Teachers have achieved their stated goals and objectives of teaching students and training serving teachers, we still know relatively little about the role they may have played in school management. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Peace Corps volunteers work on the management and leadership of the schools they serve. The study focuses on the work of two volunteers based in a combined school in the Ondangwa West educational region of Namibia. The study adopts a qualitative approach and seeks to establish whether there has been an impact by Peace Corps volunteer’s work on the management and leadership of this school by focusing on (a) activities performed by Peace Corps volunteers; (b) the experiences of both management and staff in working with Peace Corps volunteers; (c) whether the presence of Peace Corps volunteers that served at the school influence the management and leadership of the school; (d) how the duties and activities performed by these volunteers were perceived by the students, teachers and community. The interview questions that were used to collect data from seven respondents were based on the literature from Peace Corps and the Ministry of Basic Education, Culture and Sport as well as education management and leadership literature. The findings indicate that volunteers that served at this school performed management and leadership related activities with the students, teachers and community and that these activities are having an effect on the management and leadership of the school.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Ipangelwa, Anna
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Peace Corps (U.S.) Volunteer workers in Education -- Namibia Education -- Namibia Education and state -- Namibia Educational change -- Namibia School management and organization -- Namibia Educational leadership -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1561 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003443
- Description: Peace Corps Volunteer teachers have played a significant role in Namibia’s attempts to restructure education in line with its policy of education for all. While we have learned a great deal in recent years about how Peace Corps Volunteer Teachers have achieved their stated goals and objectives of teaching students and training serving teachers, we still know relatively little about the role they may have played in school management. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Peace Corps volunteers work on the management and leadership of the schools they serve. The study focuses on the work of two volunteers based in a combined school in the Ondangwa West educational region of Namibia. The study adopts a qualitative approach and seeks to establish whether there has been an impact by Peace Corps volunteer’s work on the management and leadership of this school by focusing on (a) activities performed by Peace Corps volunteers; (b) the experiences of both management and staff in working with Peace Corps volunteers; (c) whether the presence of Peace Corps volunteers that served at the school influence the management and leadership of the school; (d) how the duties and activities performed by these volunteers were perceived by the students, teachers and community. The interview questions that were used to collect data from seven respondents were based on the literature from Peace Corps and the Ministry of Basic Education, Culture and Sport as well as education management and leadership literature. The findings indicate that volunteers that served at this school performed management and leadership related activities with the students, teachers and community and that these activities are having an effect on the management and leadership of the school.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003