Drummer Hodge : the poetry of the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)
- Authors: Van Wyk Smith, Malvern
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: War poetry -- History and criticism South African War, 1899-1902 -- Literature and the war South African War, 1899-1902 -- Art and the war
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2252 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003919
- Description: From Preface: This is not a history of the Boer War; nor is it an exclusively literary study of the poetry of that war. If the work that follows has to be defined generically at all, it may be called an exercise in cultural history. It attempts to assess the impact of a particular war on the literary culture, especially the poetry, of both the participants and the observers, whether in South Africa, in Britain and the rest of the English-speaking world, or in Europe. An assumption made throughout this study is that war poetry is not only verse written by men who are or have been under fire. Just as 'War poetry is not to be confused with political, polemical, or patriotic verse, although it can contain elements of all of these, so it is also the work of observers at home as much as that of soldiers at the front. It follows that I have not allowed myself the academic luxury of selecting, on the basis of literary merit only, a handful of outstanding war poems for rigorous analysis and discussion. "Doggerel can express the heart" wrote one of these late-Victorian soldierly versifiers, and I have roamed widely in the attempt to assemble the material which, I believe, records the full range of the impact that the Boer War made not only on Briton and Boer, but on the worId at large. A major thesis of this study is that the Boer War marked the clear emergence of the kind of war poetry which we have come to associate almost exclusively with the First World War. Poems in the style and spirit of "The Charge of the Light Brigade" were written in profusion, but the work which serves as this study's masthead, Hardy's "Drummer Hodge," clearly has --like many of its contemporaries-- more in common with Owen's verse than with Tennyson's. The reasons for the appearance of such poetry are discussed in Chapter 1; the rest of the book provides the evidence of it.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
- Authors: Van Wyk Smith, Malvern
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: War poetry -- History and criticism South African War, 1899-1902 -- Literature and the war South African War, 1899-1902 -- Art and the war
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2252 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003919
- Description: From Preface: This is not a history of the Boer War; nor is it an exclusively literary study of the poetry of that war. If the work that follows has to be defined generically at all, it may be called an exercise in cultural history. It attempts to assess the impact of a particular war on the literary culture, especially the poetry, of both the participants and the observers, whether in South Africa, in Britain and the rest of the English-speaking world, or in Europe. An assumption made throughout this study is that war poetry is not only verse written by men who are or have been under fire. Just as 'War poetry is not to be confused with political, polemical, or patriotic verse, although it can contain elements of all of these, so it is also the work of observers at home as much as that of soldiers at the front. It follows that I have not allowed myself the academic luxury of selecting, on the basis of literary merit only, a handful of outstanding war poems for rigorous analysis and discussion. "Doggerel can express the heart" wrote one of these late-Victorian soldierly versifiers, and I have roamed widely in the attempt to assemble the material which, I believe, records the full range of the impact that the Boer War made not only on Briton and Boer, but on the worId at large. A major thesis of this study is that the Boer War marked the clear emergence of the kind of war poetry which we have come to associate almost exclusively with the First World War. Poems in the style and spirit of "The Charge of the Light Brigade" were written in profusion, but the work which serves as this study's masthead, Hardy's "Drummer Hodge," clearly has --like many of its contemporaries-- more in common with Owen's verse than with Tennyson's. The reasons for the appearance of such poetry are discussed in Chapter 1; the rest of the book provides the evidence of it.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
Some problems of dialect lexicography with particular reference to the preparation of a draft of an illustrative, experientially categorised Dictionary of South African English
- Authors: Branford, Jean
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: English language -- Provincialisms -- South Africa -- Dictionaries English language -- South Africa English language -- Lexicography -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3626 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009689
- Description: This dissertation consists in essence of an experiment and a commentary upon it. The text which constitutes Part II is a lexicographical experiment incorporating some features and treatments not usual in lexicography, and Part I consists of a discussion of the problems encountered, principles applied and procedures followed. Neither the matter nor the manner of the experiment, however, lends itself in the present state of our knowledge to the fully impersonal objectivity that is often claimed for the experiments in the physical sciences. At the same time every effort has been made to establish an unbiased record of the data and to maintain a certain methodological consistency. The main experimental feature of Part II is that it is an attempt to combine an orthodox, alphabetical dictionary with an experiential categorisation of the vocabulary, without repeating the entire data for each type of treatment. This has been done by means of a series of numbered, classified word-lists with a limited subject index as a guide to their use. The entries themselves, instead of being repeated in the order of their classification, are numbered according to the category or categories to which the word defined belongs. It can then, by means of its number(s), be found in its own lexical or experiential set (or sets) in the categorised section. This part of the work might be better described as lexicology rather than lexicography but does, I think, prove itself to be a useful adjunct to the A - Z lexicon proper. Apart from the detailed categorisation system the text contains three features not normally included in dictionaries of small compass: illustrative quotations, etymologies and a number of tentative parallels between South African and other varieties of English by means of cross-references to items of similar or related meaning or form in the English of Australia, Canada, the U.S.A., Hong Kong, Anglo-India and other 'overseas' English speech communities. Introduction, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
- Authors: Branford, Jean
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: English language -- Provincialisms -- South Africa -- Dictionaries English language -- South Africa English language -- Lexicography -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3626 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009689
- Description: This dissertation consists in essence of an experiment and a commentary upon it. The text which constitutes Part II is a lexicographical experiment incorporating some features and treatments not usual in lexicography, and Part I consists of a discussion of the problems encountered, principles applied and procedures followed. Neither the matter nor the manner of the experiment, however, lends itself in the present state of our knowledge to the fully impersonal objectivity that is often claimed for the experiments in the physical sciences. At the same time every effort has been made to establish an unbiased record of the data and to maintain a certain methodological consistency. The main experimental feature of Part II is that it is an attempt to combine an orthodox, alphabetical dictionary with an experiential categorisation of the vocabulary, without repeating the entire data for each type of treatment. This has been done by means of a series of numbered, classified word-lists with a limited subject index as a guide to their use. The entries themselves, instead of being repeated in the order of their classification, are numbered according to the category or categories to which the word defined belongs. It can then, by means of its number(s), be found in its own lexical or experiential set (or sets) in the categorised section. This part of the work might be better described as lexicology rather than lexicography but does, I think, prove itself to be a useful adjunct to the A - Z lexicon proper. Apart from the detailed categorisation system the text contains three features not normally included in dictionaries of small compass: illustrative quotations, etymologies and a number of tentative parallels between South African and other varieties of English by means of cross-references to items of similar or related meaning or form in the English of Australia, Canada, the U.S.A., Hong Kong, Anglo-India and other 'overseas' English speech communities. Introduction, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Cape and Karoo Sequences in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Johnson, M R
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Sediments (Geology) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Geology, Stratigraphic Sedimentology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5004 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005617
- Description: The Cape Supergroup (Sequence) comprises three groups, embracing a total of twenty-three formations, with a maximum combined thickness of approximately 8 km. The Table Mountain Group consists of medium-grained (occasionally fine- or coarse-grained), "clean", ultra-quartzose sandstone plus subordinate fine-grained, "dirty", subfeldspathic to feldspathic sandstone, mudrock, and rhythmitite. Average total thickness is about 3000 m. The Bokkeveld Group is composed of mudrock, rhythmitite and subordinate subfeldspathic to feldspathic sandstone (generally fine-grained and "dirty"), with a maximum total thickness of over 3000 m. The Witteberg Group comprises fine- to medium-grained ultra-quartzose sandstone, icaceous streaky rhythmitite, mudrock, and one thin diamictite unit; total thickness is about 1700 m. The strata belonging to the Cape Supergroup appear to have been largely deposited under marine conditions in environments ranging from outer shelf to beach. Deltaic deposits are,however, common in the upper part of the Bokkeveld Group and the Witteberg Group, while the main sandstone units in the upper third of the Table Mountain Group may have accumulated on a coastal alluvial plain. Deposition took place in a basin elongated in an east-west direction, with the palaeoslope inclined towards the south. Palaeocurrents were generally directed down the palaeoslope, but westerly 1 transport directions parallel to the palaeostrike and presumed shoreline are present in both the Table Mountain and Witteberg Groups. I The sedimentary rocks o~ the Karoo Sequence are subdivided into two groups (containing a total of eleven formations) and four ungrouped formations. Using the maximum thicknesses of the individual formations, a combined total thickness of about 12 km can be calculated. The sequence commences with the Dwyka Tillite, a 700-m-thick diamictite unit. The overlying Ecca Group consists of "varved" rhythmitite, dark, massive, fine- to very fine-grained ultra-lithofeldspathic sandstone and subordinate mudrock with a total thickness of 2000 - 3000 m. The Beaufort Group is composed of thick mudstone layers alternating with thinner fine-grained ultra-lithofeldspathic, lithofeldspathic and lithic sandstones, with the exception of the Katberg Formation which consists largely of sandstone. Fining-upward cycles are ubiquitous, while red mudstone is com~on, especially in the upper half of the group. A maximum thickness of about 6000 m was obtained in the East London area. The Molteno Formation Consists of up to 600 m of alternating fine- to coarse-grained sublithic sandstones (frequently pebbly) and grey mudstones, generally forming finingupward cycles. The Elliot Formation (up to 500 m thick) consists of red and grey mUdstones and subordinate fine-grained lithofeldspathic sandstones arranged in fining-upward cycles. The bulk of the Clarens Sandstone consists of very fine-grained massive (occasionally cross-bedded) sandstone, with a maximum thickness of 300 m. The Drakensberg Group, consisting of up to 1200 m of basalt with some pyroclastic intercalations near the base, caps the Karoo sedimentary succession. The deposition of the Dwyka Tillite by glacier action coincided with a major change from the generally shallow marine conditions which characterised the sedimentation of the Cape Supergroup (with the source area located on the craton to the north of the basin) to a deep linear trough receiving clastic sediments from a source area situated south and south-east of the basin. The Ecca Group,the lower half of which is characterised by the presence of "proximal" turbidite sandstones, records the gradual infilling of this basin, with deltaic conditions developing in the upper part of the group in the western half of the study area (i.e. in the Waterford Formation). The overlying strata were virtually all deposited under fluviatile conditions, the chief exceptions being a stratigraphic interval within the lower half of the Beaufort Group which appears to have formed in a large body of water, a~d the aeolian Clarens Sandstone. The fluviatile sediments were all deposite1 by rivers flowin~ towards the north and nort~-west, while the Clarens Sandstone was laid down by winds blowing from the west. The Ecca and Beaufort Group sandstones are characterised by a high rock fragment content with "felsit ic" gra ins being a prc;>minent constituent. This, together with the relative abundance of quartzfeldspar porphyry pebbles in the Katberg Sandstone unit (Beaufort Group) near East London, indicates that volcanic material probably formed a prominent part of the post-Dwyka Karoo provenance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
- Authors: Johnson, M R
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Sediments (Geology) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Geology, Stratigraphic Sedimentology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5004 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005617
- Description: The Cape Supergroup (Sequence) comprises three groups, embracing a total of twenty-three formations, with a maximum combined thickness of approximately 8 km. The Table Mountain Group consists of medium-grained (occasionally fine- or coarse-grained), "clean", ultra-quartzose sandstone plus subordinate fine-grained, "dirty", subfeldspathic to feldspathic sandstone, mudrock, and rhythmitite. Average total thickness is about 3000 m. The Bokkeveld Group is composed of mudrock, rhythmitite and subordinate subfeldspathic to feldspathic sandstone (generally fine-grained and "dirty"), with a maximum total thickness of over 3000 m. The Witteberg Group comprises fine- to medium-grained ultra-quartzose sandstone, icaceous streaky rhythmitite, mudrock, and one thin diamictite unit; total thickness is about 1700 m. The strata belonging to the Cape Supergroup appear to have been largely deposited under marine conditions in environments ranging from outer shelf to beach. Deltaic deposits are,however, common in the upper part of the Bokkeveld Group and the Witteberg Group, while the main sandstone units in the upper third of the Table Mountain Group may have accumulated on a coastal alluvial plain. Deposition took place in a basin elongated in an east-west direction, with the palaeoslope inclined towards the south. Palaeocurrents were generally directed down the palaeoslope, but westerly 1 transport directions parallel to the palaeostrike and presumed shoreline are present in both the Table Mountain and Witteberg Groups. I The sedimentary rocks o~ the Karoo Sequence are subdivided into two groups (containing a total of eleven formations) and four ungrouped formations. Using the maximum thicknesses of the individual formations, a combined total thickness of about 12 km can be calculated. The sequence commences with the Dwyka Tillite, a 700-m-thick diamictite unit. The overlying Ecca Group consists of "varved" rhythmitite, dark, massive, fine- to very fine-grained ultra-lithofeldspathic sandstone and subordinate mudrock with a total thickness of 2000 - 3000 m. The Beaufort Group is composed of thick mudstone layers alternating with thinner fine-grained ultra-lithofeldspathic, lithofeldspathic and lithic sandstones, with the exception of the Katberg Formation which consists largely of sandstone. Fining-upward cycles are ubiquitous, while red mudstone is com~on, especially in the upper half of the group. A maximum thickness of about 6000 m was obtained in the East London area. The Molteno Formation Consists of up to 600 m of alternating fine- to coarse-grained sublithic sandstones (frequently pebbly) and grey mudstones, generally forming finingupward cycles. The Elliot Formation (up to 500 m thick) consists of red and grey mUdstones and subordinate fine-grained lithofeldspathic sandstones arranged in fining-upward cycles. The bulk of the Clarens Sandstone consists of very fine-grained massive (occasionally cross-bedded) sandstone, with a maximum thickness of 300 m. The Drakensberg Group, consisting of up to 1200 m of basalt with some pyroclastic intercalations near the base, caps the Karoo sedimentary succession. The deposition of the Dwyka Tillite by glacier action coincided with a major change from the generally shallow marine conditions which characterised the sedimentation of the Cape Supergroup (with the source area located on the craton to the north of the basin) to a deep linear trough receiving clastic sediments from a source area situated south and south-east of the basin. The Ecca Group,the lower half of which is characterised by the presence of "proximal" turbidite sandstones, records the gradual infilling of this basin, with deltaic conditions developing in the upper part of the group in the western half of the study area (i.e. in the Waterford Formation). The overlying strata were virtually all deposited under fluviatile conditions, the chief exceptions being a stratigraphic interval within the lower half of the Beaufort Group which appears to have formed in a large body of water, a~d the aeolian Clarens Sandstone. The fluviatile sediments were all deposite1 by rivers flowin~ towards the north and nort~-west, while the Clarens Sandstone was laid down by winds blowing from the west. The Ecca and Beaufort Group sandstones are characterised by a high rock fragment content with "felsit ic" gra ins being a prc;>minent constituent. This, together with the relative abundance of quartzfeldspar porphyry pebbles in the Katberg Sandstone unit (Beaufort Group) near East London, indicates that volcanic material probably formed a prominent part of the post-Dwyka Karoo provenance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
The Late Cenozoic history and palaeoenvironments of the coastal margin of the south-western Cape Province, South Africa
- Tankard, Anthony James Tempest
- Authors: Tankard, Anthony James Tempest
- Date: 1976
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21068 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6257
- Description: This thesis examines the Late Cenozoic history and palaeoenvironments of the coastal margin between Elands Bay on the west coast and Die Kelders on the south coast. This study is introduced with a detailed discussion of eustatic sea level oscillation. The history of the existing ice sheets, sea floor spreading, isotopic composition changes of the oceans, and isostatic responses of the crust to varying loads are reviewed with regard to their bearing on sea level changes. A detailed account of the Neogene stratigraphy of the south-western Cape Province is presented. The Middle to early Late Miocene Saldanha Formation is characterised by shallow marine phosphatic sandstone and phosphorite. It is thought to have been deposited in a warm transgressive sea. The Pliocene Varswater Formation was deposited during a secondary transgression induced by.seaward tilting of the coastal margin during a time of worldwide regression. The Varswater Formation is characterised by pelletal phosphorites. It includes marine, estuarine, and fluvial facies. The estuarine sands and peats contain a rich fossil mammal fauna. Depositional environments of the Pelletal Phosphorite Member are examined by means of conventional grain size analysis to show that deposition took place on a shallow sublittoral platform dominated on the outer edge by a breaker-bar. Accretion of the breaker-bar to form a barrier-island allowed the development of an estuarine complex on the leeward side. Post-depositional diagenetic changes were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. A detailed account of the petrology and geochemistry of the phosphorite and pelletal phosphorite is presented. The apatite mineral is a carbonate fluorapatite. It is concluded that the phosphorite is related to upwelling of phosphorus-rich waters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
- Authors: Tankard, Anthony James Tempest
- Date: 1976
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21068 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6257
- Description: This thesis examines the Late Cenozoic history and palaeoenvironments of the coastal margin between Elands Bay on the west coast and Die Kelders on the south coast. This study is introduced with a detailed discussion of eustatic sea level oscillation. The history of the existing ice sheets, sea floor spreading, isotopic composition changes of the oceans, and isostatic responses of the crust to varying loads are reviewed with regard to their bearing on sea level changes. A detailed account of the Neogene stratigraphy of the south-western Cape Province is presented. The Middle to early Late Miocene Saldanha Formation is characterised by shallow marine phosphatic sandstone and phosphorite. It is thought to have been deposited in a warm transgressive sea. The Pliocene Varswater Formation was deposited during a secondary transgression induced by.seaward tilting of the coastal margin during a time of worldwide regression. The Varswater Formation is characterised by pelletal phosphorites. It includes marine, estuarine, and fluvial facies. The estuarine sands and peats contain a rich fossil mammal fauna. Depositional environments of the Pelletal Phosphorite Member are examined by means of conventional grain size analysis to show that deposition took place on a shallow sublittoral platform dominated on the outer edge by a breaker-bar. Accretion of the breaker-bar to form a barrier-island allowed the development of an estuarine complex on the leeward side. Post-depositional diagenetic changes were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. A detailed account of the petrology and geochemistry of the phosphorite and pelletal phosphorite is presented. The apatite mineral is a carbonate fluorapatite. It is concluded that the phosphorite is related to upwelling of phosphorus-rich waters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
A cross-cultural study of interpersonal distance and orientation schemata
- Authors: Edwards, D J A
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Personal space -- Testing Orientation (Psychology) Cross-cultural studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3206 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011743
- Description: Expectations about interpersonal distance during social encounters (distance schemata) and body orientation (orientation schemata) were investigated among White English-speakers and Xhosa groups which included illiterate traditionalists (Reds), poorly educated urban dwellers, and highly literate students and nurses. In a series of six experiments a doll placement task was used in which subjects represented dyadic encounters by placing pairs of standing dolls. For each situation represented the responses of each group of subjects were summarised in the form of a profile which showed the mean of the distance and three angle measures (IPOS profile). Independent variables included culture of subject, type of situation represented (friendly encounter, quarrel, accusation and denial, request) and the sex, age or relationship of the persons represented. In the culminating experiment (Experiment 6), females from three Xhosa groups (Reds or XR, poorly educated urban or XU, and urban nurses or XN) made twenty-three placements. In some respects the schemata of the four groups were very similar, while in others both distance and orientation schemata were a function of cultural group. The experiments allowed an assessment of the validity of the doll placement method to be made, and results were discussed in terms of the effects on interpersonal distance and body orientation of cultural norms concerning the showing of respect and the nature and strength of the emotions present in the various types of situation. It was concluded that with cultural movement away from the traditionalist pattern the schemata of the urban Xhosa showed a transition towards those found among the Whites in some respects. However, while the schemata of the XN group showed features of both those of the XR and White groups, those of the XU group showed features found in neither which seemed to reflect the insecurity of the cultural milieu of the urban poor.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Edwards, D J A
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Personal space -- Testing Orientation (Psychology) Cross-cultural studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3206 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011743
- Description: Expectations about interpersonal distance during social encounters (distance schemata) and body orientation (orientation schemata) were investigated among White English-speakers and Xhosa groups which included illiterate traditionalists (Reds), poorly educated urban dwellers, and highly literate students and nurses. In a series of six experiments a doll placement task was used in which subjects represented dyadic encounters by placing pairs of standing dolls. For each situation represented the responses of each group of subjects were summarised in the form of a profile which showed the mean of the distance and three angle measures (IPOS profile). Independent variables included culture of subject, type of situation represented (friendly encounter, quarrel, accusation and denial, request) and the sex, age or relationship of the persons represented. In the culminating experiment (Experiment 6), females from three Xhosa groups (Reds or XR, poorly educated urban or XU, and urban nurses or XN) made twenty-three placements. In some respects the schemata of the four groups were very similar, while in others both distance and orientation schemata were a function of cultural group. The experiments allowed an assessment of the validity of the doll placement method to be made, and results were discussed in terms of the effects on interpersonal distance and body orientation of cultural norms concerning the showing of respect and the nature and strength of the emotions present in the various types of situation. It was concluded that with cultural movement away from the traditionalist pattern the schemata of the urban Xhosa showed a transition towards those found among the Whites in some respects. However, while the schemata of the XN group showed features of both those of the XR and White groups, those of the XU group showed features found in neither which seemed to reflect the insecurity of the cultural milieu of the urban poor.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
A linguistic account of quantifiers in English and their place in the development of some modern approaches to syntax and semantics
- Authors: Aldridge, Maurice Vincent
- Date: 1977
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:20966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5707
- Description: From Introduction: I should make it clear from the outset that I have no intention of trying to construct a calculus for the quantificational system of English as a natural language. My interests are purely linguistic with special emphasis on that part of the discipline traditionally known as semantics. Thus, although I offer a miniature survey of the development of quantificational studies in Philosophy in Chapter One, and have frequent recourse, in other charters, to observations made by philosophers, especially Quine, I make no attempt whatever to emulate the logicians by constructing such things as rules of inference. I have also tried to avoid symbolic representations except in those cases in which they show up aspects of semantic structure very clearly, and where I have symbolised, I have alternated between the systems of Quine and Peano-Russell, selection in each instance being determined by judgements regarding clarity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Aldridge, Maurice Vincent
- Date: 1977
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:20966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5707
- Description: From Introduction: I should make it clear from the outset that I have no intention of trying to construct a calculus for the quantificational system of English as a natural language. My interests are purely linguistic with special emphasis on that part of the discipline traditionally known as semantics. Thus, although I offer a miniature survey of the development of quantificational studies in Philosophy in Chapter One, and have frequent recourse, in other charters, to observations made by philosophers, especially Quine, I make no attempt whatever to emulate the logicians by constructing such things as rules of inference. I have also tried to avoid symbolic representations except in those cases in which they show up aspects of semantic structure very clearly, and where I have symbolised, I have alternated between the systems of Quine and Peano-Russell, selection in each instance being determined by judgements regarding clarity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
An investigation of the relationship between acculturation, n achievement and n affiliation in Owambo
- Authors: Steyn, Daniël Marthinus
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Ovambo (African people) , Acculturation -- Namibia , Achievement motivation , Affiliation (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3241 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013295
- Description: The contents of this thesis were mainly determined by the traditional methodological requirements for a thesis of this nature. However a need was felt to include a somewhat expanded survey of the interrelationship between anthropology and psychology. This "need" developed during a review of the above-mentioned interrelationship especially when we found that the historical interaction between these two disciplines had never been followed from the earliest times to the present. Furthermore, although different writers have treated different aspects of this interaction, not one could be found that had treated all the different angles of the relationship. Thus although it is a well known fact that there is a prominent relationship between these two disciplines this was found to be quite inadequately documented. Furthermore, it is usually discussed from either a psychological or an anthropological viewpoint. The hazy view of the interrelationship between these two disciplines is naturally a frustrating situation for any researcher in this field - especially one who would prefer to have a view of the position of his research within the wider panorama of research surrounding it. Intro., p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Steyn, Daniël Marthinus
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Ovambo (African people) , Acculturation -- Namibia , Achievement motivation , Affiliation (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3241 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013295
- Description: The contents of this thesis were mainly determined by the traditional methodological requirements for a thesis of this nature. However a need was felt to include a somewhat expanded survey of the interrelationship between anthropology and psychology. This "need" developed during a review of the above-mentioned interrelationship especially when we found that the historical interaction between these two disciplines had never been followed from the earliest times to the present. Furthermore, although different writers have treated different aspects of this interaction, not one could be found that had treated all the different angles of the relationship. Thus although it is a well known fact that there is a prominent relationship between these two disciplines this was found to be quite inadequately documented. Furthermore, it is usually discussed from either a psychological or an anthropological viewpoint. The hazy view of the interrelationship between these two disciplines is naturally a frustrating situation for any researcher in this field - especially one who would prefer to have a view of the position of his research within the wider panorama of research surrounding it. Intro., p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Colour vision of the citrus psylla Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in relation to alightment colour preferences
- Authors: Urban, Alan Joseph
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Trioza , Homoptera , Jumping plant-lice , Color vision
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5885 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013286
- Description: The colour vision of adult citrus psylla, Trioza erytreae, was investigated in the laboratory using the behavioural parameters: alightment and walking. Light green flushing leaves (under which the nymphs develop) were significantly preferred, visually, to dark green mature leaves for alightment. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed (when expressed in the parameters of human colour vision) that flush has a very slightly longer dominant wavelength, and roughly double the reflectance and purity. Alightrnent frequency correlated almost equally well with "purity" (as noted by Moericke, 1952 et seq., in "yellow-sensitive" aphids) as with the aphidological colour parameter "long/short ratio" developed by Kennedy et al. (1961). Elucidation of the mechanism underlying the citrus psylla's alightment colour preference was initially attempted with a printed spectrum and several paint series of measured spectral characteristics. It was clear that T.erytreae belongs to the "yellow-sensitive" group of Homoptera, but it was impossible to distinguish which pararneter(s) of colour the psyllids were responding to. Phototactic (walking) response to the individual parameters of colour was therefore measured using a monochromator. The phototactic action spectrum (against wavelength) was tri-modal, with peaks in the yellow-green (YG), blue (B), and ultra= violet (UV). Rate of phototaxis was not influenced by bandwidth (roughly equivalent to purity), but was proportional to intensity (roughly equivalent to reflectance). To investigate the influence of the above three wavelength regions on alightment, use was made of a very simple flight chamber incorporating a target of coloured light. Yellow-green and UV light both independently stimulated alightment . Their effect was additive. Different thresholds indicated distinct YG and UV receptor systems. Blue light alone did not stimulate alightment, and was strongly alightment-inhibitory in combination both with YG and with UV light. On the basis of the above physiological/behavioural findings, a new alightment formula was drawn up for describing the hamopteran's apparent manner of alightment determining integration of surface reflectance. The flush preference and alightment distributions on the series of artificial surfaces were found to correlate slightly more accurately, on average, as well as more consistently, with the new formula than with previously-available colour parameters. These findings are placed in perspective to the literature, and their possible economic relevance is discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Urban, Alan Joseph
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Trioza , Homoptera , Jumping plant-lice , Color vision
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5885 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013286
- Description: The colour vision of adult citrus psylla, Trioza erytreae, was investigated in the laboratory using the behavioural parameters: alightment and walking. Light green flushing leaves (under which the nymphs develop) were significantly preferred, visually, to dark green mature leaves for alightment. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed (when expressed in the parameters of human colour vision) that flush has a very slightly longer dominant wavelength, and roughly double the reflectance and purity. Alightrnent frequency correlated almost equally well with "purity" (as noted by Moericke, 1952 et seq., in "yellow-sensitive" aphids) as with the aphidological colour parameter "long/short ratio" developed by Kennedy et al. (1961). Elucidation of the mechanism underlying the citrus psylla's alightment colour preference was initially attempted with a printed spectrum and several paint series of measured spectral characteristics. It was clear that T.erytreae belongs to the "yellow-sensitive" group of Homoptera, but it was impossible to distinguish which pararneter(s) of colour the psyllids were responding to. Phototactic (walking) response to the individual parameters of colour was therefore measured using a monochromator. The phototactic action spectrum (against wavelength) was tri-modal, with peaks in the yellow-green (YG), blue (B), and ultra= violet (UV). Rate of phototaxis was not influenced by bandwidth (roughly equivalent to purity), but was proportional to intensity (roughly equivalent to reflectance). To investigate the influence of the above three wavelength regions on alightment, use was made of a very simple flight chamber incorporating a target of coloured light. Yellow-green and UV light both independently stimulated alightment . Their effect was additive. Different thresholds indicated distinct YG and UV receptor systems. Blue light alone did not stimulate alightment, and was strongly alightment-inhibitory in combination both with YG and with UV light. On the basis of the above physiological/behavioural findings, a new alightment formula was drawn up for describing the hamopteran's apparent manner of alightment determining integration of surface reflectance. The flush preference and alightment distributions on the series of artificial surfaces were found to correlate slightly more accurately, on average, as well as more consistently, with the new formula than with previously-available colour parameters. These findings are placed in perspective to the literature, and their possible economic relevance is discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Conscientious objection and the concept of worship
- Authors: Moulder, James Edward
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Conscientious objectors -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Conscientious objectors -- South Africa , Conscientious objection , Conscientious objection -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2749 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013555
- Description: [Preface] " ... the focus of this inquiry is limited to some of the connections between conscientious objection in South Africa and the worship and imitation of Christ. More specifically, at the most general level this essay is an attempt to explore six questions: What kind of conscientious objection does South African law allow? Why are some conscientious objectors only conscientious noncombatants? Why are some Christians conscientious noncombatants? Is it appropriate to worship Christ? Does Romans 13 undermine conscientious noncompliance? And is there a prescription for servile compliance? These are, however, not the only questions which are raised in this essay. Nor are they the only questions which can and need to be asked. But they are the questions which interest me. In addition, they have not received as much attention as they deserve".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Moulder, James Edward
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Conscientious objectors -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Conscientious objectors -- South Africa , Conscientious objection , Conscientious objection -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2749 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013555
- Description: [Preface] " ... the focus of this inquiry is limited to some of the connections between conscientious objection in South Africa and the worship and imitation of Christ. More specifically, at the most general level this essay is an attempt to explore six questions: What kind of conscientious objection does South African law allow? Why are some conscientious objectors only conscientious noncombatants? Why are some Christians conscientious noncombatants? Is it appropriate to worship Christ? Does Romans 13 undermine conscientious noncompliance? And is there a prescription for servile compliance? These are, however, not the only questions which are raised in this essay. Nor are they the only questions which can and need to be asked. But they are the questions which interest me. In addition, they have not received as much attention as they deserve".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Examination of the theological education of Africans in the Presbyterian, Methodist, Congregational and Anglican churches in South Africa from 1860 to 1960
- Authors: Gqubule, T Simon N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Theological -- Study and teaching Theological seminaries -- South Africa Theology -- Study and teaching -- Protestant churches
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1254 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012082
- Description: This is in many ways a limited study. The first limitation is that only four denominations, the Anglican, Congregational, Methodist, Presbyterian, are considered and nothing is said about the work of the Moravians, Lutherans, Roman Catholics and the Dutch Reformed Churches in the field of theological education. The second limitation is that it is a study of theological education as distinct from general, industrial and other forms of education. All the forms of theological education considered here were run at missionary institutions that offered other forms of education and prepared their students for public government examinations with certain government conditions to be met. Moreover, a certain standard of general education was required before candidates were admitted to the theological course. Therefore, theological education was constantly dependent upon and was influenced by secular education and government regulations concerning secular education. For that reason the first chapter is a very brief survey of White Education in the Cape and African education in all four provinces from the beginning to 1915, the year before Fort Hare opened its doors to students seeking 'higher' education. The second chapter discusses the educational programme of Lovedale because Lovedale generally determined the whole of African education in the Cape. When Lovedale and the Methodists transferred their training to the South African Native College at Fort Hare, theological students had to abide by educational and other regulations of the university College. Chapters III and IV deal with the Methodist theological schools and the courses followed at Fort Hare. The third limitation of this study is that it is a study of the theological education of Africans, which category includes Coloureds and Indians because in the four churches under review they were trained together with Africans. In all churches under review here the theological education of whites was done in an unsatisfactory and ad hoc way. Many men were ordained without a satisfactory theological education. They were given some training by their superintendents, bishops or other men appointed to do the job in addition to their own normal duties. A few were sent overseas and many went through some arrangement within this country. St Paul's Theological College for Anglicans was opened in 1902. A start was made with the training of white Methodist Candidates for the ministry in the buildings of the Wesleyan High School for Girls in Grahamstown, in July 1928, under the Rev. James Pendlebury, B.A. (a supernumerary). Dr. William Flint who started the Methodist College as Principal, at Bollihope, Cape Town, in 1929, was seventy-five years of age when he opened the new Sbllege. From 1948 white theological students of the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches have been trained at Livingstone House, Rhodes University, Grahamstown. .The final limitation is that this study ends at the close of 1960 and thus omits some of the exciting developments in theological education that have taken place since then. These limitations and demarcations were, however, necessary in order to focus attention on a small area where the main problems could be seen clearly, unencumbered by lesser issues. Where the training was run on denominational lines, it seemed necessary wherever possible to give a chapter to each denomination, and to attempt to pull the threads together in a concluding chapter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Gqubule, T Simon N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Theological -- Study and teaching Theological seminaries -- South Africa Theology -- Study and teaching -- Protestant churches
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1254 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012082
- Description: This is in many ways a limited study. The first limitation is that only four denominations, the Anglican, Congregational, Methodist, Presbyterian, are considered and nothing is said about the work of the Moravians, Lutherans, Roman Catholics and the Dutch Reformed Churches in the field of theological education. The second limitation is that it is a study of theological education as distinct from general, industrial and other forms of education. All the forms of theological education considered here were run at missionary institutions that offered other forms of education and prepared their students for public government examinations with certain government conditions to be met. Moreover, a certain standard of general education was required before candidates were admitted to the theological course. Therefore, theological education was constantly dependent upon and was influenced by secular education and government regulations concerning secular education. For that reason the first chapter is a very brief survey of White Education in the Cape and African education in all four provinces from the beginning to 1915, the year before Fort Hare opened its doors to students seeking 'higher' education. The second chapter discusses the educational programme of Lovedale because Lovedale generally determined the whole of African education in the Cape. When Lovedale and the Methodists transferred their training to the South African Native College at Fort Hare, theological students had to abide by educational and other regulations of the university College. Chapters III and IV deal with the Methodist theological schools and the courses followed at Fort Hare. The third limitation of this study is that it is a study of the theological education of Africans, which category includes Coloureds and Indians because in the four churches under review they were trained together with Africans. In all churches under review here the theological education of whites was done in an unsatisfactory and ad hoc way. Many men were ordained without a satisfactory theological education. They were given some training by their superintendents, bishops or other men appointed to do the job in addition to their own normal duties. A few were sent overseas and many went through some arrangement within this country. St Paul's Theological College for Anglicans was opened in 1902. A start was made with the training of white Methodist Candidates for the ministry in the buildings of the Wesleyan High School for Girls in Grahamstown, in July 1928, under the Rev. James Pendlebury, B.A. (a supernumerary). Dr. William Flint who started the Methodist College as Principal, at Bollihope, Cape Town, in 1929, was seventy-five years of age when he opened the new Sbllege. From 1948 white theological students of the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches have been trained at Livingstone House, Rhodes University, Grahamstown. .The final limitation is that this study ends at the close of 1960 and thus omits some of the exciting developments in theological education that have taken place since then. These limitations and demarcations were, however, necessary in order to focus attention on a small area where the main problems could be seen clearly, unencumbered by lesser issues. Where the training was run on denominational lines, it seemed necessary wherever possible to give a chapter to each denomination, and to attempt to pull the threads together in a concluding chapter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Feeding ecology of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon Mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu
- Authors: Bowen, Stephen H
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009688 , Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Description: The feeding of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu, was studied in relation to various biotic and abiotic features of the l ake environment from January, 1973 to July, 1975. The primary goal of the study was to determine the cause of stunting and poor condition of adults in this population. Juvenile and adult S. mossambicus feed on a mixture of detritus, bacteria and diatoms that occurs as a flocculent layer on sand substrates throughout the lake. Concentrated gastric acid, commonly at pH values of 1.5 and lower, lyses diatoms and bacteria which are subsequently digested in the intestine. This is the first report of digestion of bacteria by a fish, and the nutritional significance of the finding is discussed. Juveniles feed predominantly on shallow sand terraces found along the margin of much of the lake, while adults usually feed in offshore waters at depths of 3 m and greater. Benthic floc from feeding areas of juveniles and adults have similar concentrations of organic matter, total carbohydrate, soluble carbohydrate and calories, but differ markedly in respect to diatom and protein concentration. Diatom concentrations are generally high in terrace floc but are consistently low in floc from deep water. Protein concentration of benthic floc decreases with increasing depth from 0 - 5 m. Partial correlation analysis shows that protein and diatom concentrations have no correlation independent. of their common relationship to depth, and the evidence implicates detrital bacteria as the primary source of protein in benthic floc. Probable causes of the observed distributions of diatoms and protein are discussed. The protein content of benthic floc profoundly influences its nutritional value. A comparison with available data on animal nutrition shows that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible energy in floc in the shallows is high enough that this food resource would be expected to support good growth, but the ratio for deep water floc is so low that it would be expected to result in conspicuous malnutrition. Thus, inadequate dietary protein is identified as the principal cause of stunting and poor condition of adult S· mossambicus in Lake Sibaya; It is argued that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible calories can be expected to determine the food value of particulate organic matter that includes amorphous detritus in other ecosystems. Despite stunting and poor condition of adults, S. mossambicus are abundant in Lake Sibaya. The precocious breeding of this population is discussed as an adaptation that allows it to maximize reproductive output given the limited resources available to adults. Juvenile S. mossambicus perform daily movements from deep water onto the terraces where they feed and then back into deep water. During periods of relatively low lake level when terrace waters were usually less than 1.5 m deep (1-73 to 1-74), juveniles were present on the terrace throughout daylight hours. At relatively high lake levels (7-74 to 8-75), juveniles were present on the terraces for only about five hours following sunset. Periods of heavy wave action interrupt feeding activity and result in reduced numbers of fish in terrace waters. The possible roles of predator avoidance and temperature in determination of daily feeding behavior are discussed. Daily energy assimilation by juveniles, estimated by a field technique, is approximately 115 cal per g fish dry weight.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Bowen, Stephen H
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009688 , Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Description: The feeding of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu, was studied in relation to various biotic and abiotic features of the l ake environment from January, 1973 to July, 1975. The primary goal of the study was to determine the cause of stunting and poor condition of adults in this population. Juvenile and adult S. mossambicus feed on a mixture of detritus, bacteria and diatoms that occurs as a flocculent layer on sand substrates throughout the lake. Concentrated gastric acid, commonly at pH values of 1.5 and lower, lyses diatoms and bacteria which are subsequently digested in the intestine. This is the first report of digestion of bacteria by a fish, and the nutritional significance of the finding is discussed. Juveniles feed predominantly on shallow sand terraces found along the margin of much of the lake, while adults usually feed in offshore waters at depths of 3 m and greater. Benthic floc from feeding areas of juveniles and adults have similar concentrations of organic matter, total carbohydrate, soluble carbohydrate and calories, but differ markedly in respect to diatom and protein concentration. Diatom concentrations are generally high in terrace floc but are consistently low in floc from deep water. Protein concentration of benthic floc decreases with increasing depth from 0 - 5 m. Partial correlation analysis shows that protein and diatom concentrations have no correlation independent. of their common relationship to depth, and the evidence implicates detrital bacteria as the primary source of protein in benthic floc. Probable causes of the observed distributions of diatoms and protein are discussed. The protein content of benthic floc profoundly influences its nutritional value. A comparison with available data on animal nutrition shows that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible energy in floc in the shallows is high enough that this food resource would be expected to support good growth, but the ratio for deep water floc is so low that it would be expected to result in conspicuous malnutrition. Thus, inadequate dietary protein is identified as the principal cause of stunting and poor condition of adult S· mossambicus in Lake Sibaya; It is argued that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible calories can be expected to determine the food value of particulate organic matter that includes amorphous detritus in other ecosystems. Despite stunting and poor condition of adults, S. mossambicus are abundant in Lake Sibaya. The precocious breeding of this population is discussed as an adaptation that allows it to maximize reproductive output given the limited resources available to adults. Juvenile S. mossambicus perform daily movements from deep water onto the terraces where they feed and then back into deep water. During periods of relatively low lake level when terrace waters were usually less than 1.5 m deep (1-73 to 1-74), juveniles were present on the terrace throughout daylight hours. At relatively high lake levels (7-74 to 8-75), juveniles were present on the terraces for only about five hours following sunset. Periods of heavy wave action interrupt feeding activity and result in reduced numbers of fish in terrace waters. The possible roles of predator avoidance and temperature in determination of daily feeding behavior are discussed. Daily energy assimilation by juveniles, estimated by a field technique, is approximately 115 cal per g fish dry weight.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Pitch learning and the implications for music education
- Authors: Byrd, Audrey S
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Musical pitch -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2627 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001867
- Description: A study of pitch learning must outline first the procedures involved in such learning and then identify specific factors appearing to influence the learning of pitch. Once identified, each factor can then be evaluated by controlled experiment before confirming its influence. Since it is what is heard and perceived that is learnt, I have started with the process of Hearing and Perceiving, for as Arnold Abramovitz, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Cape Town says, “the reception, processing and interpretation of acoustic symbols constitutes some of the most elusive and complex phenomena to attempt to examine, gauge and measure, due partly to the transient, ephemeral nature of sound itself.”
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Byrd, Audrey S
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Musical pitch -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2627 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001867
- Description: A study of pitch learning must outline first the procedures involved in such learning and then identify specific factors appearing to influence the learning of pitch. Once identified, each factor can then be evaluated by controlled experiment before confirming its influence. Since it is what is heard and perceived that is learnt, I have started with the process of Hearing and Perceiving, for as Arnold Abramovitz, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Cape Town says, “the reception, processing and interpretation of acoustic symbols constitutes some of the most elusive and complex phenomena to attempt to examine, gauge and measure, due partly to the transient, ephemeral nature of sound itself.”
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Pitch learning and the implications for music education
- Authors: Byrd, Audrey S
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Musical pitch -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2675 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007403
- Description: From introduction: A study of pitch learning must outlina first the procedures involved in such learning ar~d then identify specific factors appearing to influence the learning of pitch. Once identified, each factor can then be evaluated by controlled experiment before confirming its influence. Since it is \'lhat is heard and perceived that is learnt, I have started with the process of Hearing and Perceiving, for as Arnold Abramovitz, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Cape Town says, "the reception, processing and interpretation of acoustic symbols constitutes some of the most elusive and complex phenomena to attempt to examine, gauge and measure, due partly to the transient, ephemeral nature of sound itself."
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Byrd, Audrey S
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Musical pitch -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2675 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007403
- Description: From introduction: A study of pitch learning must outlina first the procedures involved in such learning ar~d then identify specific factors appearing to influence the learning of pitch. Once identified, each factor can then be evaluated by controlled experiment before confirming its influence. Since it is \'lhat is heard and perceived that is learnt, I have started with the process of Hearing and Perceiving, for as Arnold Abramovitz, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Cape Town says, "the reception, processing and interpretation of acoustic symbols constitutes some of the most elusive and complex phenomena to attempt to examine, gauge and measure, due partly to the transient, ephemeral nature of sound itself."
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Studies on the completely mixed activated sludge treatment of fellmongery and tannery lime-sulphide effluents
- Authors: Rawlings, Douglas Eric
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tanneries -- Waste disposal , Sewage sludge -- South Africa -- Management , Sewage -- Purificiation -- Biological treatment , Water quality management -- South Africa , Water -- Purification -- Biological treatment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4112 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013052
- Description: Industries producing highly polluted waste waters are having to purify their effluents to meet with ever increasing requirements laid down by water authorities. The South African Water Act of 1956 has prescribed a very high standard to which waste waters must conform before discharge into a South African water course. Enforcement of these standards falls under the jurisdiction of government authorities such as the Department of Water Affairs. Similarly, municipalities and other local authorities set standards with which trade effluents must comply before discharge into public sewers for treatment in a municipal sewage works. These local authorities are empowered to recover from the trader the additional costs incurred in treating trade effluents. Costs are usually levied in respect of volume, oxygen demand, settleable solids and the production of secondary sludge. In recent years, these standards have been enforced to an extent where the survival of several industries has become dependant on whether these industries are able to purify or dispose of their effluents in a manner acceptable to the water authorities. Chap. 1, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Rawlings, Douglas Eric
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tanneries -- Waste disposal , Sewage sludge -- South Africa -- Management , Sewage -- Purificiation -- Biological treatment , Water quality management -- South Africa , Water -- Purification -- Biological treatment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4112 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013052
- Description: Industries producing highly polluted waste waters are having to purify their effluents to meet with ever increasing requirements laid down by water authorities. The South African Water Act of 1956 has prescribed a very high standard to which waste waters must conform before discharge into a South African water course. Enforcement of these standards falls under the jurisdiction of government authorities such as the Department of Water Affairs. Similarly, municipalities and other local authorities set standards with which trade effluents must comply before discharge into public sewers for treatment in a municipal sewage works. These local authorities are empowered to recover from the trader the additional costs incurred in treating trade effluents. Costs are usually levied in respect of volume, oxygen demand, settleable solids and the production of secondary sludge. In recent years, these standards have been enforced to an extent where the survival of several industries has become dependant on whether these industries are able to purify or dispose of their effluents in a manner acceptable to the water authorities. Chap. 1, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
The biology of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Lake Sibaya, Kwazulu, with emphasis on its role as a predator
- Authors: Bruton, Michael N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Catfishes -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Lake Sibaya. , Clarias , Clariidae
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5886 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013313
- Description: Aspects of the biology of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) were studied in a clear coastal lake (Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu.). Catfish reach maturity towards the end of the first year (total length 200-250mm) and breed in summer. Gonadal maturation is cyclical, and most fishes are ripe between September. and January e ach year. Maturation stages and fecundity are described. Twenty-two catfish spawning runs were witnessed. There were no large aggregations of catfish before the Summer rains, as reported in some impoundments and rivers, but catfish accumulated on the shallow terrace immediately before a spawning run. Spawning usually took place in flooded marginal areas after heavy rain on dark calm nights. Peak activity occurred between 20h00 and 02h30. Pre-nuptial aggression, courtship and mating are described and illustrated in detail for the first time from field observations. Gonadal products are released while in amplexus and fertilized externally. The eggs have an adhesive disc for attachment to plants, and develop rapidly. Early development and feeding are described. The growth rate of catfish was determined using rings on the pectoral spines, and validated using recent techniques. C.gariepinus in Lake Sibaya grow rapidly and remain in good condition to a length of 500mm, but larger catfish have a poor growth rate and condition, and few exceed 650mm. The modal length and weight of the Sibaya population is intermediate between that of other populations but the number and condition of larger catfish in Lake Sibaya is lower. Other studies on C.gariepinus growth are reviewed. Very high and low first year increments obtained previously may be due to methodological errors, but catfish do appear to have variable growth rates. The size reached by C.gariepinus is reviewed. Catfish are equipped morphologically and behaviourally to feed on a wide variety of·prey in different situations, but they usually feed at night on exposed, active benthic organisms. Social hunting facilitates the capture of prey which is too fast or manoevrable for a single predator. Food preferences are scored by three different methods and presented for the total catfish population and for different length groups, seasons, and habitats. Juveniles feed more often and on a greater variety of prey, and their condition is better than that of adults. The proportions of several food items in the diet changed at different lake levels as marginal areas became inundated. In particular, increasing lake levels resulted in a change in relative density of three cichlid prey in the shallow water feeding area of catfish. This situation provided the opportunity to study the effect of changing cichlid density on predation by catfish. The world literature on factors influencing the predator-prey relationship in fish is reviewed and several key factors are identified. The interaction of fish predators and prey in Africa, and particularly Lake Sibaya, is examined in detail, and prey density, modified by accessibility, is found to be an important factor. The effect of cichlid prey density on catfish predation was therefore investigated using field collections and experimental observations. Catfish prey on the cichlid species with greatest relative abundance, with some deviations which can be explained in terms of accessibility. The experimental results also describe feeding periodicity, imitative hunting and the effect of water depth , day-night light intensity changes and predator number on predation efficiency on cichlids. Catfish predation is discussed in terms of recent predation theory, and it is concluded that their ability to switch from one prey to another as prey availability (= density+ accessibility) changes , is an an important aspect of their success as predators. Catfish predate more efficiently on invertebrates, but feed largely on fishes after the first year. This preference for fish prey is probably related to food quality, as fishes contributed over 75% of the energy content of all ingested food, as well as abundant protein and the correct amino acid balance. Finally, I conclude that the role of C.gariepinus as a predator on S.mossambicus is three-fold: (a) to enhance species' fitness by removing enfeebled individuals i.e. to act as a 'cleanser' (b) to restrict the distribution of prey under certain conditions i.e. act as a 'restricter' (c) to dampen fluctuations in cichlid abundance i.e. act as a 'regulator'. The relative importance of these roles may alter at different lake levels in Lake Sibaya in response to changes in the vulnerability of fish prey.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Bruton, Michael N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Catfishes -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Lake Sibaya. , Clarias , Clariidae
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5886 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013313
- Description: Aspects of the biology of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) were studied in a clear coastal lake (Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu.). Catfish reach maturity towards the end of the first year (total length 200-250mm) and breed in summer. Gonadal maturation is cyclical, and most fishes are ripe between September. and January e ach year. Maturation stages and fecundity are described. Twenty-two catfish spawning runs were witnessed. There were no large aggregations of catfish before the Summer rains, as reported in some impoundments and rivers, but catfish accumulated on the shallow terrace immediately before a spawning run. Spawning usually took place in flooded marginal areas after heavy rain on dark calm nights. Peak activity occurred between 20h00 and 02h30. Pre-nuptial aggression, courtship and mating are described and illustrated in detail for the first time from field observations. Gonadal products are released while in amplexus and fertilized externally. The eggs have an adhesive disc for attachment to plants, and develop rapidly. Early development and feeding are described. The growth rate of catfish was determined using rings on the pectoral spines, and validated using recent techniques. C.gariepinus in Lake Sibaya grow rapidly and remain in good condition to a length of 500mm, but larger catfish have a poor growth rate and condition, and few exceed 650mm. The modal length and weight of the Sibaya population is intermediate between that of other populations but the number and condition of larger catfish in Lake Sibaya is lower. Other studies on C.gariepinus growth are reviewed. Very high and low first year increments obtained previously may be due to methodological errors, but catfish do appear to have variable growth rates. The size reached by C.gariepinus is reviewed. Catfish are equipped morphologically and behaviourally to feed on a wide variety of·prey in different situations, but they usually feed at night on exposed, active benthic organisms. Social hunting facilitates the capture of prey which is too fast or manoevrable for a single predator. Food preferences are scored by three different methods and presented for the total catfish population and for different length groups, seasons, and habitats. Juveniles feed more often and on a greater variety of prey, and their condition is better than that of adults. The proportions of several food items in the diet changed at different lake levels as marginal areas became inundated. In particular, increasing lake levels resulted in a change in relative density of three cichlid prey in the shallow water feeding area of catfish. This situation provided the opportunity to study the effect of changing cichlid density on predation by catfish. The world literature on factors influencing the predator-prey relationship in fish is reviewed and several key factors are identified. The interaction of fish predators and prey in Africa, and particularly Lake Sibaya, is examined in detail, and prey density, modified by accessibility, is found to be an important factor. The effect of cichlid prey density on catfish predation was therefore investigated using field collections and experimental observations. Catfish prey on the cichlid species with greatest relative abundance, with some deviations which can be explained in terms of accessibility. The experimental results also describe feeding periodicity, imitative hunting and the effect of water depth , day-night light intensity changes and predator number on predation efficiency on cichlids. Catfish predation is discussed in terms of recent predation theory, and it is concluded that their ability to switch from one prey to another as prey availability (= density+ accessibility) changes , is an an important aspect of their success as predators. Catfish predate more efficiently on invertebrates, but feed largely on fishes after the first year. This preference for fish prey is probably related to food quality, as fishes contributed over 75% of the energy content of all ingested food, as well as abundant protein and the correct amino acid balance. Finally, I conclude that the role of C.gariepinus as a predator on S.mossambicus is three-fold: (a) to enhance species' fitness by removing enfeebled individuals i.e. to act as a 'cleanser' (b) to restrict the distribution of prey under certain conditions i.e. act as a 'restricter' (c) to dampen fluctuations in cichlid abundance i.e. act as a 'regulator'. The relative importance of these roles may alter at different lake levels in Lake Sibaya in response to changes in the vulnerability of fish prey.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
The polysaccharides of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. and Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl.
- Authors: McGarvie, Donald
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Polysaccharides
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007597
- Description: The partially acetylated acidic mucilage isolated from the cactus Opuntia ficus-indica consists of a highly branched molecule containing D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galacturonic acid and L-rhamnose in the ratio 2.9:6.6:3.8:1.3 : 1.0. A partial hydrolysis study led to the isolation of fourteen oligosaccharides and a degraded polysaccharide. Periodate oxidation of the degraded polysaccharide and methylation analysis of the degraded and reduced degraded polysaccharides led to the proposal of a structure for the degraded polysaccharide consisting of a chain of alternating α-l,4-D-galactopyranosyluronic acid and β-1,2-Lrhamnopyranosyl units with branches consisting of short chains of β-1,6-D-galactopyranosyl units Iinked to C-3 of the rhamnose residues. An insight into the nature of the peripheral side-chains was obtained by methylation studies of the oligosaccharides and the native polysaccharide. The majority of the side-chains are terminated by D-xylopyranosyl and L-arabinofuranosyl units while there is a small proportion of D-galactopyranosyl end-groups. The remaining units of the peripheral chains consists of mainly 1,3- and 1,5-1 inked L-arabinofuranosyl units. The acidic polysaccharide isolated from the jointed cactus Opuntia aurantiaca contains D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galacturonic acid and L-rhamnose in the ratio 5.9:5 .5:3.4: 1. 2:1.0 . A partial hydrolysis study revealed a similar series of galactose containing oligosaccharides as was identified from the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica. The degraded polysaccharide isolated from the partial hydrolysate was methylated and a possible structure proposed for the repeating unit. Methylation studies of the native polysaccharide indicated a polysaccharide with a more complex structure than that for the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: McGarvie, Donald
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Polysaccharides
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007597
- Description: The partially acetylated acidic mucilage isolated from the cactus Opuntia ficus-indica consists of a highly branched molecule containing D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galacturonic acid and L-rhamnose in the ratio 2.9:6.6:3.8:1.3 : 1.0. A partial hydrolysis study led to the isolation of fourteen oligosaccharides and a degraded polysaccharide. Periodate oxidation of the degraded polysaccharide and methylation analysis of the degraded and reduced degraded polysaccharides led to the proposal of a structure for the degraded polysaccharide consisting of a chain of alternating α-l,4-D-galactopyranosyluronic acid and β-1,2-Lrhamnopyranosyl units with branches consisting of short chains of β-1,6-D-galactopyranosyl units Iinked to C-3 of the rhamnose residues. An insight into the nature of the peripheral side-chains was obtained by methylation studies of the oligosaccharides and the native polysaccharide. The majority of the side-chains are terminated by D-xylopyranosyl and L-arabinofuranosyl units while there is a small proportion of D-galactopyranosyl end-groups. The remaining units of the peripheral chains consists of mainly 1,3- and 1,5-1 inked L-arabinofuranosyl units. The acidic polysaccharide isolated from the jointed cactus Opuntia aurantiaca contains D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galacturonic acid and L-rhamnose in the ratio 5.9:5 .5:3.4: 1. 2:1.0 . A partial hydrolysis study revealed a similar series of galactose containing oligosaccharides as was identified from the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica. The degraded polysaccharide isolated from the partial hydrolysate was methylated and a possible structure proposed for the repeating unit. Methylation studies of the native polysaccharide indicated a polysaccharide with a more complex structure than that for the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Genetic and bacteriophage studies on Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and related anaerobic strains
- Authors: Burt, Sharon Joy
- Date: 1978
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:20972 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5753
- Description: Gram-negative obligately anaerobic bacilli were isolated from faeces on selective media. R plasmid transfer was investigated in mating experiments between 30 anaerobes and between the anaerobes and known donor and recipient E. coli strains. The transfer of R plasmids from E.coli to B.fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp. and other faecal obligate anaerobic bacteria was possible after heat treatment of the recipients at 50°C. The anaerobic exconjugants were unstable and were not able to retransfer the ampr marker. A bacteriophage, B1 , specific for the anaerobe B.thetaiotaomicron, was isolated and characterised. The properties of the phage included a variable burst size and the production of many defective phage particles without tails which were not viable. The B.thetaiotaomicron host was able to establish a phage carrier state with B1 phage. Phenol-extracted phage DNA could transfect ca2+-treated B.thetaiotaomicron cells and transfection was not limited to a particular stage in the growth cycle. An obligatory step in the transfection procedure was a 33-fold dilution in broth, allowing replication of the infected cells. Prolonged incubation of treated cells with DNA prior to dilution in broth resulted in a large decrease in phage titre. The application of this transfection system to the development of a transformation system was not successful . Conventional transformation procedures did not yield transformants, and it was not possible to transduce B.thetaiotaomicron with B1 phage. The B.thetaiotaomicron strain used was distinguished by the formation of two distinct morphological variants. Each morphological type gave rise to the other at the same frequency. Environmental conditions other than elevated temperature, had no effect on the segregation frequency. The grey colony variant was not capsulated and was sensitive to B1 phage, whereas the white colony type was encapsulated and was phage-resistant. Another feature of the B.thetaiotaomicron strain was the low incidence of mutants. A second survey of the occurrence of R plasmids in aerobic coliforms from a remote area of the Transkei and from an urban area, was undertaken. An increase in transferable antibiotic resistance was found over the last three years. It can be concluded that this was a result of the use of antibiotics among the human population, since there are no veterinary services in the area and the addition of antibiotics to animal feeds is not practised.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
- Authors: Burt, Sharon Joy
- Date: 1978
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:20972 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5753
- Description: Gram-negative obligately anaerobic bacilli were isolated from faeces on selective media. R plasmid transfer was investigated in mating experiments between 30 anaerobes and between the anaerobes and known donor and recipient E. coli strains. The transfer of R plasmids from E.coli to B.fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp. and other faecal obligate anaerobic bacteria was possible after heat treatment of the recipients at 50°C. The anaerobic exconjugants were unstable and were not able to retransfer the ampr marker. A bacteriophage, B1 , specific for the anaerobe B.thetaiotaomicron, was isolated and characterised. The properties of the phage included a variable burst size and the production of many defective phage particles without tails which were not viable. The B.thetaiotaomicron host was able to establish a phage carrier state with B1 phage. Phenol-extracted phage DNA could transfect ca2+-treated B.thetaiotaomicron cells and transfection was not limited to a particular stage in the growth cycle. An obligatory step in the transfection procedure was a 33-fold dilution in broth, allowing replication of the infected cells. Prolonged incubation of treated cells with DNA prior to dilution in broth resulted in a large decrease in phage titre. The application of this transfection system to the development of a transformation system was not successful . Conventional transformation procedures did not yield transformants, and it was not possible to transduce B.thetaiotaomicron with B1 phage. The B.thetaiotaomicron strain used was distinguished by the formation of two distinct morphological variants. Each morphological type gave rise to the other at the same frequency. Environmental conditions other than elevated temperature, had no effect on the segregation frequency. The grey colony variant was not capsulated and was sensitive to B1 phage, whereas the white colony type was encapsulated and was phage-resistant. Another feature of the B.thetaiotaomicron strain was the low incidence of mutants. A second survey of the occurrence of R plasmids in aerobic coliforms from a remote area of the Transkei and from an urban area, was undertaken. An increase in transferable antibiotic resistance was found over the last three years. It can be concluded that this was a result of the use of antibiotics among the human population, since there are no veterinary services in the area and the addition of antibiotics to animal feeds is not practised.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
Heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation by Euglena
- Authors: Peak, Jennifer Grace
- Date: 1978
- Subjects: Euglena
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5824 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007650
- Description: Heterotrophic (dark, non-photosynthetic) carbon dioxide fixation was measured in the phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis. Variation in heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation depends on the phase of batch growth and the mode of nutrition. A sharp increase in heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation occurs during the mid- to late-logarithmic growth periods in Euglena growing photoautotrophically (with carbon dioxide as carbon source, light as energy source) and heterotrophically (in the dark with glucose as sole carbon and energy source). Cells growing heterotrophically with acetate or ethanol as sole carbon source do not increase their heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation during the growth cycle. Addition of acetate to cultures of Euglena causes a reduction in dark carbon dioxide fixation. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation in Euglena functions in anaplerotic replenishment of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The regulation of these changes in heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation was shown to be controlled by exogenous ammonium in a complex fashion. Ammonium stimulates heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation after a period of ammonium deprivation. The kinetics of the regulatory effects of the ammonium ion on dark carbon dioxide fixation are presented. A survey into the activities of carboxylating enzymes from both autotrophically and heterotrophically grown Euglena was conducted. The heterotrophic cultures were supplied with either glucose or acetate as substrate. PEP carboxykinase (E.C.4.1.1.38) and (E.C.4.1.1.49) could not be detected in any of the cultures tested. A trace amount of PEP carboxykinase (E.C.4.1.1.32) is present in the acetate grown cells only and a trace amount of pyruvate carboxylase (E.C.6.4.1.1.) is present in the glucose grown cells only. Malate enzyme (E.C.1.1.1.40), PEP carboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.31) and acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase (E.C.6.4.1.2) are present in all cells tested. Ammonium stimulation causes a small increase in specific activity of all the enzymes except acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The largest increase occurs in PEP carboxylase, but the increase is not sufficient to account for observed increases in whole cell dark carbon dioxide fixation after ammonium stimulation. Two isoenzymes of PEP carboxylase were purified from each other from both ammonium stimulated and non-stimulated cells. There are no significant differences between elution profiles of isoenzymes from ammonium stimulated and control cells. There are no significant differences between elution profiles of isoenzymes from autotrophic and heterotrophic cells. The kinetics of the regulation of the two isoenzymes by malate, citrate, succinate and 3-phosphoglycerate are presented. The products of heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation by ammonium stimulated and control cells were identified and measured by chromatography. Ammonium stimulates the biosynthesis of glutamine, glycine, serine and alanine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
- Authors: Peak, Jennifer Grace
- Date: 1978
- Subjects: Euglena
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5824 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007650
- Description: Heterotrophic (dark, non-photosynthetic) carbon dioxide fixation was measured in the phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis. Variation in heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation depends on the phase of batch growth and the mode of nutrition. A sharp increase in heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation occurs during the mid- to late-logarithmic growth periods in Euglena growing photoautotrophically (with carbon dioxide as carbon source, light as energy source) and heterotrophically (in the dark with glucose as sole carbon and energy source). Cells growing heterotrophically with acetate or ethanol as sole carbon source do not increase their heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation during the growth cycle. Addition of acetate to cultures of Euglena causes a reduction in dark carbon dioxide fixation. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation in Euglena functions in anaplerotic replenishment of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The regulation of these changes in heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation was shown to be controlled by exogenous ammonium in a complex fashion. Ammonium stimulates heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation after a period of ammonium deprivation. The kinetics of the regulatory effects of the ammonium ion on dark carbon dioxide fixation are presented. A survey into the activities of carboxylating enzymes from both autotrophically and heterotrophically grown Euglena was conducted. The heterotrophic cultures were supplied with either glucose or acetate as substrate. PEP carboxykinase (E.C.4.1.1.38) and (E.C.4.1.1.49) could not be detected in any of the cultures tested. A trace amount of PEP carboxykinase (E.C.4.1.1.32) is present in the acetate grown cells only and a trace amount of pyruvate carboxylase (E.C.6.4.1.1.) is present in the glucose grown cells only. Malate enzyme (E.C.1.1.1.40), PEP carboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.31) and acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase (E.C.6.4.1.2) are present in all cells tested. Ammonium stimulation causes a small increase in specific activity of all the enzymes except acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The largest increase occurs in PEP carboxylase, but the increase is not sufficient to account for observed increases in whole cell dark carbon dioxide fixation after ammonium stimulation. Two isoenzymes of PEP carboxylase were purified from each other from both ammonium stimulated and non-stimulated cells. There are no significant differences between elution profiles of isoenzymes from ammonium stimulated and control cells. There are no significant differences between elution profiles of isoenzymes from autotrophic and heterotrophic cells. The kinetics of the regulation of the two isoenzymes by malate, citrate, succinate and 3-phosphoglycerate are presented. The products of heterotrophic carbon dioxide fixation by ammonium stimulated and control cells were identified and measured by chromatography. Ammonium stimulates the biosynthesis of glutamine, glycine, serine and alanine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
Some principles of communicating effectively through press advertisements with Blacks
- Authors: Koekemoer, Ludi
- Date: 1978
- Subjects: Advertising, Newspaper -- South Africa , Black people and mass media -- South Africa , Mass media -- South Africa , Mass media and culture -- South Africa , Communication in marketing -- South Africa , Communication -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Press and politics -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013407
- Description: [Introduction] An investigation of relevant literature reveals numerous studies on the principles of effective advertising communications. These studies are based on work done overseas and may not apply to Blacks in South Africa. Pioneer advertising research into the Black market has been conducted in recent years by the University of South Africa's Bureau of Market Research (BM). The resultant data obtained indicated that communicating to the Black market should be treated separately from communicating to Whites in South Africa and further research is required on the effectiveness of advertising communications aimed at Blacks. This study was designed to supplement the research conducted by the Bureau of Market Research rather than to validate these findings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
- Authors: Koekemoer, Ludi
- Date: 1978
- Subjects: Advertising, Newspaper -- South Africa , Black people and mass media -- South Africa , Mass media -- South Africa , Mass media and culture -- South Africa , Communication in marketing -- South Africa , Communication -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Press and politics -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013407
- Description: [Introduction] An investigation of relevant literature reveals numerous studies on the principles of effective advertising communications. These studies are based on work done overseas and may not apply to Blacks in South Africa. Pioneer advertising research into the Black market has been conducted in recent years by the University of South Africa's Bureau of Market Research (BM). The resultant data obtained indicated that communicating to the Black market should be treated separately from communicating to Whites in South Africa and further research is required on the effectiveness of advertising communications aimed at Blacks. This study was designed to supplement the research conducted by the Bureau of Market Research rather than to validate these findings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
The anatomy of the triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia : Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology
- Authors: Raath, M A
- Date: 1978
- Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil Dinosaurs Paleontology -- Triassic , Dinosaurs , Fossils , Reptiles , Palaeontology , Triassic period
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5601 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002051
- Description: The osteology of the Upper Triassic podokesaurid Syntarsus rhodesiensis is described, based on a series of 30+ individuals representing all skeletal elements, recovered since the description of the holotype (Raath, 1969). A brief account of the geology of the finds is given, with an attempt at a reconstruction of the palaaoenvironment. The excellence of preservation of the bones has permitted an attempt at the restoration of soft tissues including the brain, cranial nerves, main cranial blood vessels and the musculature of the jaws, neck and limbs. Histological sections of limb bones have shown that the compact bone was highly vascular, and this, together with the structure of the brain, palaeoenvironmental considerations, social behaviour and group structure, leads to the conclusion that Syntarsus was an endothermic homeotherm inhabiting a hot arid region at the end of the Triassic, with a social organisation into "flocks" in which females predominated numerically. Clear evidence of sexual dimorphism is presented. Syntarsus is reconstructed as a bipedal, saltatorial predator which differs in subtle, but probably generically significant, characteristics from the closely related North American genus, Coelophysis. Its anatomy characterises it as a medium-sized agile animal with a highly kinetic skull; incipiently opposable pollex in the raptorial manus; highly cursorial hindlimb; and with features in the dentition and hallux which suggest a grooming function. It is concluded that the Triassic coelurosaurian stock provided an advanced and well adapted base from which the successful coelurosaur radiation into the later Mesozoic sprang, and that this stock was physiologically pre-adapted for the emergence of the avian (and possibly the pterosaur) lineages in the Jurassic
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
- Authors: Raath, M A
- Date: 1978
- Subjects: Reptiles, Fossil Dinosaurs Paleontology -- Triassic , Dinosaurs , Fossils , Reptiles , Palaeontology , Triassic period
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5601 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002051
- Description: The osteology of the Upper Triassic podokesaurid Syntarsus rhodesiensis is described, based on a series of 30+ individuals representing all skeletal elements, recovered since the description of the holotype (Raath, 1969). A brief account of the geology of the finds is given, with an attempt at a reconstruction of the palaaoenvironment. The excellence of preservation of the bones has permitted an attempt at the restoration of soft tissues including the brain, cranial nerves, main cranial blood vessels and the musculature of the jaws, neck and limbs. Histological sections of limb bones have shown that the compact bone was highly vascular, and this, together with the structure of the brain, palaeoenvironmental considerations, social behaviour and group structure, leads to the conclusion that Syntarsus was an endothermic homeotherm inhabiting a hot arid region at the end of the Triassic, with a social organisation into "flocks" in which females predominated numerically. Clear evidence of sexual dimorphism is presented. Syntarsus is reconstructed as a bipedal, saltatorial predator which differs in subtle, but probably generically significant, characteristics from the closely related North American genus, Coelophysis. Its anatomy characterises it as a medium-sized agile animal with a highly kinetic skull; incipiently opposable pollex in the raptorial manus; highly cursorial hindlimb; and with features in the dentition and hallux which suggest a grooming function. It is concluded that the Triassic coelurosaurian stock provided an advanced and well adapted base from which the successful coelurosaur radiation into the later Mesozoic sprang, and that this stock was physiologically pre-adapted for the emergence of the avian (and possibly the pterosaur) lineages in the Jurassic
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978