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Enzymes with biocatalytic potential from Sorghum bicolor

- Nganwa, Patience Jennifer Kengyeya

  • Authors: Nganwa, Patience Jennifer Kengyeya
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Enzymes , Sorghum
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:3908 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003967 , Enzymes , Sorghum
  • Description: Sorghum is a staple food in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa, sustaining the lives of the poorest rural people. This project set out to improve the potential economic value of Sorghum bicolor as a crop. The task was undertaken by screening for selected enzymes in the plant that would have a potential market for use in industrial applications and in biotransformations, specifically proteases, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases. Asurveywas conducted using standard enzyme assays and crude plant extracts, to determine whether the selected enzymes were present. Grain tissue did not appear to have significant protease or polyphenoloxidase activity, but high levels of peroxidases were detected, withthe young grain extracts showing more activity(4.63U/mL)thanripegrain extracts (0.62 U/mL). Leaf tissue extracts contained low levels of protease activity, a considerable amount of polyphenol oxidase (0.127 U/mL), and peroxidase (4.7 U/mL) activities comparable with that found in grain tissue. Root tissue extract was found to contain the highest levels of peroxidase activity (7.8 U/mL) compared to the other extracts. Therefore, sorghum peroxidase from the root was isolated, purified, characterized and applied to biotransformation reactions. Different sorghum strains,withvaryinggraincolour, (Zimbabwe - bronze, Seredo - brown and Epurpur - cream/white) were investigated for the presence of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities. Results of spectrophotometric analysis showed that the enzymes did not appear to be strain specific. However, gel electrophoresis analysis revealed differences in band patterns among the strains. Partial purification of sorghum root peroxidase was achieved after centrifugation, extraction with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), ultrafiltration, and hydrophobic chromatography with phenyl Sepharose, followed by polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis (PAGE). The specific activity of the 5-fold purified enzyme was found to be 122.3 U/mg. After PAGE analysis, two bands with molecular weights of approximately 30 000 and 40 000 were detected, which compares well with horse radish peroxidase (HRP) which has a molecular weight of approximately 44 000. The colour intensity of the bands in the activity gels indicated that sorghum root peroxidase had apparently higher levels of peroxidase activity than commercial horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Characterizationexperiments revealed that sorghumroot peroxidase is active over a broad temperature range and remains active at temperatures up to 100°C. It also has a broad substrate range. The optimum pH of the enzyme was found to be pH 5 - 6. Under standardized assay conditions, the optimal substrate concentration, using o-dianisidine as substrate, was 50 mM, and the optimal H2O2 concentration under these conditions was found to be 100 mM. Sorghum root peroxidase was applied in a preliminary investigation into the oxidative biotransformationof a number of aromatic compounds. The products obtained were comparable withthose whenthe compounds are reacted with HRP which is the most commonly used commercial peroxidase and has been extensively studied. However, HRP is relatively costly, and the use of peroxidase from sorghum roots as an alternative source, appears to be promising. A patent has been provisionally registered, covering application of sorghum root peroxidase for biotransformations.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Epp Doole

- Ajah Sy ( lead vocals, author, composer, chorus), Biram Ndeck Ndiaye, El Hadji Niang (arrangement), Lamine Faye (guitar), El Hadji Niang (bass), Bakane Seck (percussion), Marie Codou Pouye, Ajah Sy, Abdourahmane Diallo,Missala man, Aly Hachem, Mame Gor Mboup (chorus), El Hadji Niang, Aly Hachem, Ousmane Wade (keyboards), Kaounding Cissokho (kora), Barou Sall (Khalam), Studio 2000

Ethnic nationalism and democratisation in South Africa : political implications for the rainbow nation

- Naidoo, Vinothan

  • Authors: Naidoo, Vinothan
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Nationalism -- South Africa , Ethnicity -- South Africa , Democracy -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2815 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003025 , Nationalism -- South Africa , Ethnicity -- South Africa , Democracy -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
  • Description: Ethnic identities in South Africa have had a particularly contrived history, set within the constraints and motivations of population classification by race. A more democratic political environment emerged with the dismantling of apartheid, bringing with it a multitude of issues including the design and character of the country’s political institutions and framework. This thesis will address two principal questions. The first and primary one investigates what lies behind the initiation and development of ethnic bonds. The second concerns the political implications and management of ethnic expressions in a democratic South Africa. An analysis of Zulu ethnic nationalism will be undertaken, because it constituted the most prominent case of assertive communal interests during democratic transitional negotiations. This thesis argues that circumstantial and instrumental factors (based on conditions, and the actions of individuals and organizations respectively), have been predominately responsible for the initiation and formation of ethnic bonds, especially amongst those who identify with a Zulu identity. The “conditions” describe the increasingly segregationist direction in which successive South African government authorities were moving, especially after the 1948 election victory of the National Party and the subsequent introduction of apartheid. Secondly, the “actions” denote the motivations of both Zulu actors and governments in generating and elaborating an ethnic discourse where their desired interests could be more effectively supported and assured. It will also be argued that because of the instrumental and selective use of ethnicity, as well as the narrow interests being served by its popular and community-centred expressions, a developing South African democratic culture should seek to protect ethnic diversity rather than promote ethnic interests. To do so would be to deny the perpetuation of ethnic cleavages and the violence and instability perpetrated in its name in recent years. The “protection” of cultural diversity is consistent with a constitution that seeks non-discrimination among all South African identities. Finally, it is believed that an emphasis on the individual as individual, as well as member of a cultural group, will break from subordinating the individual to an ascribed racial and ethnic identity as in the past, and assist in reconstituting the state as equally reflective of all South Africans.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Evaluation of the effectiveness of strategic planning in the blood transfusion services in South Africa

- Van Heerden, Marchell

  • Authors: Van Heerden, Marchell
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Strategic planning -- South Africa , Blood banks -- South Africa , Blood -- Transfusion -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
  • Identifier: vital:10835 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/27 , Strategic planning -- South Africa , Blood banks -- South Africa , Blood -- Transfusion -- South Africa
  • Description: In this research paper, the effectiveness of Strategic Planning in Blood Transfusion Services in South Africa was investigated. A brief general overview of relevant aspects that specifically relate to the strategic planning of Services and not-for-gain organisations was presented. The literature study included an explanation of the steps involved in the strategic planning process and the guidelines to develop and implement each of these effectively. The research methodology consisted of three phases: Phase 1 - A literature study to determine the most effective strategic plan for a not-for-gain organisation. Phase 2 - An empirical study to determine the effectiveness of the strategic planning processes in practice by means of a survey among the Blood Transfusion Services in South Africa. Phase 3 - The findings from the literature study and empirical study were used to evaluate whether effective strategic planning is implemented in the Blood Transfusion Services in South Africa. The following recommendations and conclusions were made: The Blood Transfusion Services that have not yet started seeking the opinion of all the stakeholders involved in the organisation should strongly consider implementing this strategy as part of the services provided to the community. The services operate as individual organisations, but clearly influence each other within the industry and the changes within the external environment form part of the elements that are considered by the services when determining the strategic direction of the services. All the services identify the major areas for which objectives need to be set to assist the organisations in achieving long-term prosperity, but they do not all set objectives in these areas. When it comes to strategic issues, all the services state that they identify these, but not all pre-determine criteria for evaluating the strategic issues. Guidelines for the effective implementation of the strategies of choice by lower managers or supervisors are not developed by all the services, nor do most of the services have control mechanisms in place to assist in effective implementation of the strategic planning process.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Evidence of Quaternary glaciation in Southern Africa : moraines on the Bastervoetpad of the eastern Cape Drakensberg, South Africa

- Lewis, Colin A, Illgner, Peter M

  • Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Illgner, Peter M
  • Date: 2000
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6710 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006747
  • Description: This volume of Quaternary International comprises the Abstracts from the XVth INQUA Congress held in Durban,South Africa, 3–11 August 1999.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Exploitation patterns of the multi species/gear hake (Merluccius capensis and paradoxus) fishery on South Africa's southeast coast

- Sutton, Glen Robert

  • Authors: Sutton, Glen Robert
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Fishing -- South Africa , Hake -- South Africa , Merluccius capensis -- South Africa , Merluccius paradoxus -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:5280 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005124 , Fishing -- South Africa , Hake -- South Africa , Merluccius capensis -- South Africa , Merluccius paradoxus -- South Africa
  • Description: The motivation for this study was to examine the exploitation patterns of the M. capensis and M. paradoxus hake fisheries on the Southeast Coast, and determine the size and species of hake caught in each of the hand-line, long-line, and trawl methods. The handline hake fishery has increased substantially over the last several years and concerns are beginning to emerge about the impact this will have on the inshore resource collected on the South Coast between August 1998 and July 1999 was used to describe the hand-line method and estimate annual landings. Data on the size and species in longline catches of hake caught during 1997 were already available for this study. Size distributions in trawl catches were determined from commercial category landing data reported by catch weight and depth. The species composition in these catches determined by comparison using RV Afrikana survey data collected in the same depth regions. Location plays a significant role in determining the sizes and species of hake caught by each gear. Hand-lines catch smaller sizes on average than do long-lines, inshore trawls target mainly M. capensis while offshore trawls catch both hake species. A substantial amount of the hand-line hake caught on the South Coast is not reported. Examination of the exploitation patterns reveal that intense trawling pressure is directed at the smaller sized M. paradoxus inhabiting the depth region between 160-400-meters. Inshore trawls discard a large amount of small sized M. capensis within the 100-meter isobath. A preliminary stock assessment on the status of each hake species found that M. paradoxus appears to be over-exploited while M. capensis was in better shape. However, length-based pseudo-cohort analysis, used in this assessment, is critically reliant on having length frequency data from a steady state population in equilibrium. This limits the application of this model for management purposes and this finding is purely theoretical at this stage. Results suggest that each hake species is under a different pattern and level of exploitation and the multi-species nature of hake stocks on the South Coast should be considered in developing optimum management policies. Future work should focus on developing appropriate age/length keys so that an age-based VPA, which is more powerful than the length-based approach, can be applied towards stock assessments on the South Coast. Alternatively, length-data covering a longer period should be compiled and the equilibrium assumption further investigated so that the results from length-based models can be used with more confidence.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Exploring the making of meaning: environmental education and training for industry, business and local government

- Jenkin, Nicola Pat

  • Authors: Jenkin, Nicola Pat
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Environmental education Corporations -- environmental aspects Local government -- environmental aspects Managerial economics -- environmental aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1543 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003425
  • Description: The aim of this research was to explore how participants made meaning in an environmental education and training course for people from industry, business and local government in South Africa, and to identify and comment on any constraints to this meaning-making. I used a Symbolic Interactionist theoretical framework to explore and comment on the meaning-making process. I started my research by conducting a questionnaire to select participants for interviews. During the course the selected participants were interviewed, as well as the two course co-ordinators. Data was also gathered during the course from participant observation field notes ('captured talk'), photographs, participants' assignments and course evaluations. The data was analysed using an adapted form of discourse analysis and matrices. The research highlights that the opportunities provided on the course were adequate for encouraging meaning-making amongst both the co-ordinators and participants. However, recorded instances of meaning-making were low, which indicated that there were certain constraints during the meaning-making process. This research highlights and comments on identified constraints such as time and workplace support. The research supports similar findings which emerged from research conducted on the Gold Fields environmental education course for teachers and also offers recommendations for further research and practice into meaning-;making within the field of environmental education and industry, business and local government in South Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Exploring the needs and experiences of the social worker as an intermediary

- Jarman, Renette

  • Authors: Jarman, Renette
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Social workers , Mediation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
  • Identifier: vital:698 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006419 , Social workers , Mediation
  • Description: During this research an attempt was made to gain an understanding of the experiences and needs of the social workers acting as intermediaries for the sexually abused children in the criminal court during the trials of perpetrators. To achieve this, ten social workers that have performed the role of intermediary were interviewed. Research as well as literature on this topic is limited and it is believed that this study will present a valuable basis to pursue in further research as well as assist social workers already rendering intermediary services. Literature that was available was found to be critical of the adversarial system and the negative elements associated with the system, especially for the child witness. The study found that there are many problems associated with the intermediary system. The most important issue is the delay between the decision to prosecute and the trial as this impacts negatively on the child witness. In addition social workers acting as intermediaries are inadequately trained and are not supervised in this role. As a result very few are willing to continue with the procedure. Nevertheless the intermediary system is adjudged better than the adversarial system, especially as the child witness no longer has to face the alleged perpetrator in an open court. The thesis ends with recommendations for addressing the concerns of intermediaries in order to strengthen the system.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Faux Depart

- Didier Sourou Awadi aka DJ Awadi (performer), Amadou Barry aka Doug E Tee or Duggy-Tee (performer), Positive Black Soul (band name aka PBS), MALI K7 S.A. Ali Furka Toure Associe, Bamako

Feeding biology of three euphausiid species in the vicinity of the Prince Edward Archipelago (Southern Ocean)

- Gurney, Leigh Josephine

  • Authors: Gurney, Leigh Josephine
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Euphausiacea , Euphausiacea -- Feeding and feeds
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:5695 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005381 , Euphausiacea , Euphausiacea -- Feeding and feeds
  • Description: The feeding biology of three euphausiid species, Euphausia vallentini (adults and juveniles), E. longirostris and Nematoscelis megalops was investigated during austral autumn (April/May) of 1998 and 1999, in the vicinity of the Prince Edward Islands (Southern Ocean). Data on the abundance and biomass of these species, estimated from bongo net tows, were investigated. Trophic position was assessed using gut contents and stable nitrogen isotope measurements. Feeding rate and daily carbon ration were estimated using the gut fluorescence and the gut fullness techniques. Vertical migrations into the surface waters at night were found to be strong for Euphausia vallentini adults and juveniles. Associated with these migrations were clear diel feeding patterns. Insufficient data during daylight hours for E. longirostris made it impossible to determine diel feeding patterns, but high feeding activity did occur during dark hours. Nematoscelis megalops did not show any distinct diel feeding pattern, but slightly higher gut fullness indices in the late afternoon suggested that feeding activity may have been highest during this period. For both Euphausia spp. high gut pigment levels were recorded in 1999, which corresponded to higher ambient chlorophyll a concentrations for that year. Highest initial gut pigment levels and highest ingestion rates were found for Euphausia longirostris in both years and lowest values were observed for N. megalops. High phytoplankton and low metazoan contributions to the diet of Euphausia vallentini juveniles, as shown in the gut content analysis, and low stable nitrogen isotope ratios (ð¹⁵N = 1.39±0.31), both indicated that this group was principally herbivorous. The results of gut content analysis of the adults of E. vallentini were similar to those of the juveniles, however, stable nitrogen isotope results showed that there was a higher degree of omnivory (ð¹⁵N = 3.81±0.66). Daily ration estimates from the gut fluorescence and fullness techniques showed that between 3.3 and 25.7 % of E. vallentini adults total daily carbon ration was derived from autotrophic sources. Although the contribution of carnivory to the diet was difficult to determine, the adults of this species may be considered omnivorous. Irrespective of the degree of carnivory, a dietry shift with an increase in size was evident for this species. Gut content analysis for Euphausia longirostris showed that this species consumed large amounts of both phytoplankton and metazoan prey and this was reflected in the stable nitrogen isotope results (ð¹⁵N = 6.88±0.60). These findings were supported by the results of the daily carbon ration estimates which showed that autotrophic carbon contributed between 6.9 and 20.3 % of the daily carbon consumption. The gut content analysis suggested that N. megalops was omnivorous, and the stable nitrogen isotope results place it in a trophic position equivalent to that of E. longirostris (ð¹⁵N = 6.83±0.78). Calculations from daily ration estimates suggested that only 3.1 % in 1998, and 3.2 % in 1999, of the carbon ingested was of autotrophic origin. This species may therefore be considered carnivorous. Implications of the findings of this study are discussed in terms of carbon cycling in the Southern Ocean.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Female school principals=perceptions of leadership in a male dominated education environment

- Mwingi, Mweru P

  • Authors: Mwingi, Mweru P
  • Date: 2000
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/326 , vital:19948
  • Description: Many well-known studies on leadership have ignored the perspective of women yet bear an emphasis on the importance of portraying leadership in its entirety. This would mean that all leadership perspectives are included and that leaders are allowed to speak for themselves and about themselves. It is this connection I have sought to establish how women perceive leadership by relating the experiences of four women in school principalship. I have used a factual questionnaire to establish the background of each one but, it is the in-depth interviews that yield the leadership perceptions. Borrowing from phenomenological procedures, the leadership experiences are related as Natural Meaning Units (NMUS) whereby all prior knowledge and possible bias are bracketed out. Reinforced by their journal entries, it is only the voice of the women that is heard. My study reinforces the observation of researchers and feminist scholars that women leaders are not only marginalised but also viewed from a perspective that is not their own. From the study, however, the one element about leadership that emerges as unique is the functioning of transformational leadership elements among women leaders in educational set-ups that are inherently traditional, bureaucratic and hierarchical. This is significant because there is an indication that women leaders are inclined to transformational leadership because it favours their feminine qualities. There is also evidence that school principals can embrace leadership diversity and finally, that leadership and the structures of leadership operation are not developed from without but from within the person of the leader and this is an incorporation of their vision and beliefs. In the context of South Africa, this study should be of potential significance because of the change that is taking place in the development and training of school principals.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Fespaco

- Adama Drame (performer, arranger, composer, djembe, tama, doumdoum, chekere, voice, harmonica), Yacouba Kone (djembe), Bakari Doumbia (zin-zin), Mamadou Diabate ( balafon), Djesou Mory Kante (accoustic and electric guitar), Adjara Cisse (lead vocal), Oulare, Mariame Sylla, Tagaly (chorus), Adama Troare (accoustic guitar), Augustin Lompo (bass), Bassirou Sanou (flute), Tinminu Adio (tama), Brass: Andre Laourou, Dadie, Franck Desamin, Dramane Kienou (djembe accompaniment), Lamine Soumano (kora), Seydoni Production B.F.

Fourou

- Adama Drame (performer, arranger, composer, djembe, tama, doumdoum, chekere, voice, harmonica), Yacouba Kone (djembe), Bakari Doumbia (zin-zin), Mamadou Diabate ( balafon), Djesou Mory Kante (accoustic and electric guitar), Adjara Cisse (lead vocal), Oulare, Mariame Sylla, Tagaly (chorus), Adama Troare (accoustic guitar), Augustin Lompo (bass), Bassirou Sanou (flute), Tinminu Adio (tama), Brass: Andre Laourou, Dadie, Franck Desamin, Dramane Kienou (djembe accompaniment), Lamine Soumano (kora), Seydoni Production B.F.

Fuck le 6 theme

- Didier Sourou Awadi aka DJ Awadi (performer, author), Amadou Barry aka Doug E. Tee, Duggy Tee (performer, author), Palm Tree Enter/Africa with P.B.S. Production

Futa

- Malick Ly (composer, lead vocal, guitar solo), Daouda N'Diaye (chorus, drums, arrangement), Habib Niente (chorus, bass, orchestra leader), Pathe Dieng (chorus, percussion), Libasse Seye (keyboard), Studio 2000

Gaynako

- Malick Ly (composer, lead vocal, guitar solo), Daouda N'Diaye (chorus, drums, arrangement), Habib Niente (chorus, bass, orchestra leader), Pathe Dieng (chorus, percussion), Libasse Seye (keyboard), Studio 2000

Genetic variation within and between some rare and common taxa of Cape Proteaceae and the implications for their conservation

- Brown, Susan Ann

Geographically distributed requirements elicitation

- Vat, Nicholas

  • Authors: Vat, Nicholas
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Management information systems -- Management , Information resources management , System design , System analysis
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
  • Identifier: vital:1136 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002764 , Management information systems -- Management , Information resources management , System design , System analysis
  • Description: The technology revolution has transformed the way in which many organisations do their business. The resultant information systems have increased the decision making powers of executives, leading to increased effectiveness and ultimately to improved product delivery. The process of information systems development is, however, complex. Furthermore, it has a poor track record in terms of on-time and within-budget delivery, but more significantly in terms of low user acceptance frequently attributable to poor user requirements specification. Consequently, much attention has been given to the process of requirements elicitation, with both researchers and businessmen seeking new, innovative and effective methods. These methods usually involve large numbers of participants who are drawn from within the client and developer organisations. This is a financially costly characteristic of the requirements elicitation process. Besides information systems, the technology revolution has also brought sophisticated communication technologies into the marketplace. These communication technologies allow people to communicate with one another in a variety of different time and space scenarios. An important spin-off of this is the ability for people located in significantly different geographical locations to work collaboratively on a project. It is claimed that this approach to work has significant cost and productivity advantages. This study draws the requirements elicitation process into the realm of collaborative work. Important project management, communication, and collaborative working principles are examined in detail, and a model is developed which represents these issues as they pertain to the requirements elicitation process. An empirical study (conducted in South Africa) is performed in order to examine the principles of the model and the relationships between its constituent elements. A model of geographically distributed requirements elicitation (GDRE) is developed on the basis of the findings of this investigation. The model of GDRE is presented as a 3-phased approach to requirements elicitation, namely planning, implementation, and termination. Significantly, the model suggests the use of interviews, structured workshops, and prototyping as the chief requirements elicitation methods to be adopted in appropriate conditions. Although a detailed study of communications technology was not performed, this thesis suggests that each individual GDRE implementation requires a different mix of communication technologies to support its implementation.
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  • Date Issued: 2000

Gewal

- Ndaye Marie Ndiaye (lead vocal), Ndickou Thione, Adji Soda Thioune, Lot Ndiaye (chorus), Tapha Faye (keyboard, arrangements), Papis Diouf (solo guitar), Badou Dieme (bass guitar), Jules Diop (drums), Papu Ndiaye (percussion), Dara Guisse (xalam), Habib Mbengue, Ousmane Ndiaye (additional percussion), Ndiago Ndour, Samassa Records

Gis Na Xalebi

- Mbaye Ndiaye (lead vocal, riiti), Ibou Tine, Moustapha Dione, Fatou Talla Ndiaye, Arame Camara (chorus), Alioune Gueye (guitar), Elou Fall (keyboard, programming, drums), Pape Ndiaye (percussion), Jololi

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