Reciprocal peer reviews : evaluating potential bias and conflict of interest
- Authors: Baca, Zolile
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Reciprocal , Peer review , Conflict of interests
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59358 , vital:62074
- Description: External quality assessments are conducted to provide independent reasonable assurance that an internal audit activity is operating in conformance with the Institute of Internal Auditors’ (IIA) Standards, Code of Ethics, and the extent of compliance with international best practices. The assurance provided by an internal audit activity is relied on by various stakeholders in the organisation for decision-making purposes. Therefore, it is crucial for an independent external quality assessment process to be credible and trustworthy for internal audit stakeholders to know that the internal audit activity conforms with the Standards and Code of Ethics, which in turn allows the stakeholders to rely on assurances and advice provided by the internal audit activity. The objective of this study was to determine the potential existence of a conflict of interest and or bias, in fact or in appearance, when reciprocal peer reviews are performed by people working within the same district and who are familiar with each other. A qualitative research method was followed to achieve the objective of this study and answer the primary research question. A single case study approach was followed in this study using municipalities in the Overberg District to answer the primary research question, with a purposive sampling method used to select relevant participants for the study. Participants were the Audit Committee members, the Municipal Managers, and the Chief Audit Executives from the municipalities in the Overberg District. An interview guide was administered by the researcher to collect the primary research data through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were electronically recorded after permission was obtained from each participant, and each interview session was also transcribed. The primary data collected was then analysed using the In vivo coding method. Each interview transcript was manually analysed to identify key words, phrases or statements that agreed or disagreed with the IIA’s guidance pronouncements in relation to the performance of external quality assessments, with a specific focus on the use of reciprocal peer reviews. The findings of this study indicated that most participants did not perceive reciprocal peer reviews performed by persons working within the same district to be without bias and or conflict of interest, in fact or in appearance because of familiarities and close relations that exist between persons working in the same district in the same sector. The findings revealed that participants would consider the process and results of reciprocal peer reviews to be credible and trustworthy if they were conducted across the district or even across the provincial borders. The findings further showed that participants perceived a full external assessment to be the most reliable and trustworthy method to be used because of the external assessors or assessment teams having the necessary training, knowledge, and experience to perform external quality assessments which give the credibility and trustworthiness that is required for the external quality assessment process.. , Thesis (MCOM) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economics Science, School of Applied Accounting, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Baca, Zolile
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Reciprocal , Peer review , Conflict of interests
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59358 , vital:62074
- Description: External quality assessments are conducted to provide independent reasonable assurance that an internal audit activity is operating in conformance with the Institute of Internal Auditors’ (IIA) Standards, Code of Ethics, and the extent of compliance with international best practices. The assurance provided by an internal audit activity is relied on by various stakeholders in the organisation for decision-making purposes. Therefore, it is crucial for an independent external quality assessment process to be credible and trustworthy for internal audit stakeholders to know that the internal audit activity conforms with the Standards and Code of Ethics, which in turn allows the stakeholders to rely on assurances and advice provided by the internal audit activity. The objective of this study was to determine the potential existence of a conflict of interest and or bias, in fact or in appearance, when reciprocal peer reviews are performed by people working within the same district and who are familiar with each other. A qualitative research method was followed to achieve the objective of this study and answer the primary research question. A single case study approach was followed in this study using municipalities in the Overberg District to answer the primary research question, with a purposive sampling method used to select relevant participants for the study. Participants were the Audit Committee members, the Municipal Managers, and the Chief Audit Executives from the municipalities in the Overberg District. An interview guide was administered by the researcher to collect the primary research data through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were electronically recorded after permission was obtained from each participant, and each interview session was also transcribed. The primary data collected was then analysed using the In vivo coding method. Each interview transcript was manually analysed to identify key words, phrases or statements that agreed or disagreed with the IIA’s guidance pronouncements in relation to the performance of external quality assessments, with a specific focus on the use of reciprocal peer reviews. The findings of this study indicated that most participants did not perceive reciprocal peer reviews performed by persons working within the same district to be without bias and or conflict of interest, in fact or in appearance because of familiarities and close relations that exist between persons working in the same district in the same sector. The findings revealed that participants would consider the process and results of reciprocal peer reviews to be credible and trustworthy if they were conducted across the district or even across the provincial borders. The findings further showed that participants perceived a full external assessment to be the most reliable and trustworthy method to be used because of the external assessors or assessment teams having the necessary training, knowledge, and experience to perform external quality assessments which give the credibility and trustworthiness that is required for the external quality assessment process.. , Thesis (MCOM) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economics Science, School of Applied Accounting, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Representation of history in Tsitsi Dangarembga’s trilogy – nervous conditions, the book of not and this mournable body
- Authors: Mutsambi, Tinoten
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Women and literature --Zimbabwe--History --20th century , Identification (Psychology) in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59446 , vital:62116
- Description: This dissertation analyses Tsitsi Dangarembga’s novels Nervous Conditions (1988), The Book of Not (2006) and This Mournable Body (2018). The three novels under study capture a great deal of Zimbabwe’s history, spanning from the colonial era as depicted in Nervous Conditions, through the period before and after independence in The Book of Not, to the contemporary post independence Zimbabwe in This Mournable Body. Reading these three novels and analysing their depiction of historic events is important as they cover significant and contested epochs in Zimbabwean history, making it possible for us to examine the intersection between history and literature. Moreover, since most Zimbabwean narratives that depict the country’s history have been male authored, Dangarembga’s novels offer an interesting opportunity to study the depiction of history from a female perspective , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mutsambi, Tinoten
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Women and literature --Zimbabwe--History --20th century , Identification (Psychology) in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59446 , vital:62116
- Description: This dissertation analyses Tsitsi Dangarembga’s novels Nervous Conditions (1988), The Book of Not (2006) and This Mournable Body (2018). The three novels under study capture a great deal of Zimbabwe’s history, spanning from the colonial era as depicted in Nervous Conditions, through the period before and after independence in The Book of Not, to the contemporary post independence Zimbabwe in This Mournable Body. Reading these three novels and analysing their depiction of historic events is important as they cover significant and contested epochs in Zimbabwean history, making it possible for us to examine the intersection between history and literature. Moreover, since most Zimbabwean narratives that depict the country’s history have been male authored, Dangarembga’s novels offer an interesting opportunity to study the depiction of history from a female perspective , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Residential private property valuation accuracy in south Africa: A case study of Knysna in the Western Cape province
- Authors: Qusheka, Siphokazi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Real property -- Valuation -- Knysna , Right of property -- Knysna
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59876 , vital:62482
- Description: a Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong b Faculty of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Property valuation end-users generally rely on property value opinion provided by valuers in making informed real estate investment decisions. However, the inaccuracy of valuation estimates could be attributed to the adoption of inappropriate property valuation methods and such inaccurate estimates could mislead real estate investors and stakeholders. This could result in individual loss and national loss due to the importance of the real estate sector to the national economy. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Qusheka, Siphokazi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Real property -- Valuation -- Knysna , Right of property -- Knysna
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59876 , vital:62482
- Description: a Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong b Faculty of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Property valuation end-users generally rely on property value opinion provided by valuers in making informed real estate investment decisions. However, the inaccuracy of valuation estimates could be attributed to the adoption of inappropriate property valuation methods and such inaccurate estimates could mislead real estate investors and stakeholders. This could result in individual loss and national loss due to the importance of the real estate sector to the national economy. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Selected Aspects of the Crime of Necrophilia
- Authors: Somandi, Siphuxolo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Rape , Necrophilia , Crime of Necrophilia
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60421 , vital:64874
- Description: The treatise begins by defining rape pre and post-Constitution. Through the analysis of the latter, it refers to the Masiya case, particularly in light of extending the definition of rape to align it with the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights. It further focuses on the rights that Masiya identified as being infringed upon whenever the act of rape occurs. The treatise thereafter discusses the crime of committing sexual acts with a corpse, formerly known as necrophilia. It argues that not all sexual acts with a corpse are committed with the sole purpose of having sexual intercourse with a "corpse". For an illustration of the latter, the treatise categorises the circumstances of sexual acts committed with corpses into Categories A and B and uses cases in each Category as an aid. Some of the sexual acts by perpetrators begin with the sole purpose of rape but because the rape cannot be achieved due to the resistance of the victim, the perpetrator has no choice but to overcome the resistance of the victim, which in the context of this treatise means killing the victim. The perpetrator thereafter proceeds with what was initially intended, the rape of the victim. However, in the cases considered, the perpetrator is saved by expert evidence to the effect that the victim was dead at the time of penetration and therefore the perpetrator in addition to being convicted for murder is convicted of committing a sexual act with a corpse. The treatise thus argues that not all sexual acts with a corpse are committed with the sole purpose of having sexual intercourse with the corpse. The treatise highlights the fact that a sexual act with a corpse is a crime of intention. The differing circumstances in which the said crime is committed carries with it a difference in intention and thus should be criminalised differently. This is particularly so when one considers that expert evidence is used to confirm whether or not the victim was dead or alive at the time of the sexual penetration. This confirms that the perpetrator could not have known that the victim was dead at the time of penetration and thus for all intents and purposes, the perpetrator believed he is raping the victim, who he considers to be alive. he treatise thus argues that the perpetrator cannot be saved by expert evidence that surmises that the perpetrator intended to have sexual intercourse with a corpse, the intention that the perpetrator did not carry at the time of committing the crime. The treatise further argues that because rape has been identified as a crime that infringes on human rights, these rights are not extinguished by death thus the same rights are infringed by sexual acts with a corpse. With the aid of some international authorities, the treatise argues that a Category B sexual act committed with a corpse could be criminalised under attempted rape. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Somandi, Siphuxolo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Rape , Necrophilia , Crime of Necrophilia
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60421 , vital:64874
- Description: The treatise begins by defining rape pre and post-Constitution. Through the analysis of the latter, it refers to the Masiya case, particularly in light of extending the definition of rape to align it with the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights. It further focuses on the rights that Masiya identified as being infringed upon whenever the act of rape occurs. The treatise thereafter discusses the crime of committing sexual acts with a corpse, formerly known as necrophilia. It argues that not all sexual acts with a corpse are committed with the sole purpose of having sexual intercourse with a "corpse". For an illustration of the latter, the treatise categorises the circumstances of sexual acts committed with corpses into Categories A and B and uses cases in each Category as an aid. Some of the sexual acts by perpetrators begin with the sole purpose of rape but because the rape cannot be achieved due to the resistance of the victim, the perpetrator has no choice but to overcome the resistance of the victim, which in the context of this treatise means killing the victim. The perpetrator thereafter proceeds with what was initially intended, the rape of the victim. However, in the cases considered, the perpetrator is saved by expert evidence to the effect that the victim was dead at the time of penetration and therefore the perpetrator in addition to being convicted for murder is convicted of committing a sexual act with a corpse. The treatise thus argues that not all sexual acts with a corpse are committed with the sole purpose of having sexual intercourse with the corpse. The treatise highlights the fact that a sexual act with a corpse is a crime of intention. The differing circumstances in which the said crime is committed carries with it a difference in intention and thus should be criminalised differently. This is particularly so when one considers that expert evidence is used to confirm whether or not the victim was dead or alive at the time of the sexual penetration. This confirms that the perpetrator could not have known that the victim was dead at the time of penetration and thus for all intents and purposes, the perpetrator believed he is raping the victim, who he considers to be alive. he treatise thus argues that the perpetrator cannot be saved by expert evidence that surmises that the perpetrator intended to have sexual intercourse with a corpse, the intention that the perpetrator did not carry at the time of committing the crime. The treatise further argues that because rape has been identified as a crime that infringes on human rights, these rights are not extinguished by death thus the same rights are infringed by sexual acts with a corpse. With the aid of some international authorities, the treatise argues that a Category B sexual act committed with a corpse could be criminalised under attempted rape. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Service as a leadership competency at Director/CEO level
- Authors: Chilton, Ilse Mercia
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Leadership Moral and ethical aspects , Servant leadership , Compassion , Humility , Integrative thinking , Critical incident technique , Transformational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419075 , vital:71614
- Description: Given ethical failures in leadership, the actions and decisions of leaders are receiving renewed attention based on the role business plays in society. Business leaders need to demonstrate their willingness to consider their influence on society and not merely consider the demands and expectations of shareholders. Leaders must consider the ethical lens through which their decisions and actions are perceived. Service as a leadership competency can develop ethical leadership. Currently, service is not clearly defined and understood, and Pearse (2017) proposes five interrelated elements of service as a competency, namely individualised consideration, compassion, motivation to lead, humility and integrated thinking. The study examined if the five interrelated service elements are present when a leader at Director/CEO level exercises an act of service towards a follower. The study adopted a qualitative deductive thematic approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and using the critical incident technique to guide the interviews. The study's findings support the research proposition that service as a leadership competency consists of the five elements, but with some of these elements expanded. Service as a leadership competency is recommended to develop high-quality social relationships within an organisation, which will positively impact the corporate culture. Organisations can recruit and select leaders based on ethical leadership requirements and integrate these into performance management systems. Recommendations for further research have also been made. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Chilton, Ilse Mercia
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Leadership Moral and ethical aspects , Servant leadership , Compassion , Humility , Integrative thinking , Critical incident technique , Transformational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419075 , vital:71614
- Description: Given ethical failures in leadership, the actions and decisions of leaders are receiving renewed attention based on the role business plays in society. Business leaders need to demonstrate their willingness to consider their influence on society and not merely consider the demands and expectations of shareholders. Leaders must consider the ethical lens through which their decisions and actions are perceived. Service as a leadership competency can develop ethical leadership. Currently, service is not clearly defined and understood, and Pearse (2017) proposes five interrelated elements of service as a competency, namely individualised consideration, compassion, motivation to lead, humility and integrated thinking. The study examined if the five interrelated service elements are present when a leader at Director/CEO level exercises an act of service towards a follower. The study adopted a qualitative deductive thematic approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and using the critical incident technique to guide the interviews. The study's findings support the research proposition that service as a leadership competency consists of the five elements, but with some of these elements expanded. Service as a leadership competency is recommended to develop high-quality social relationships within an organisation, which will positively impact the corporate culture. Organisations can recruit and select leaders based on ethical leadership requirements and integrate these into performance management systems. Recommendations for further research have also been made. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Spatial and temporal analysis of the critical zone in the Western rift valley corridor: towards earth stewardship science in East Africa
- Authors: Miller, Warren David
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59771 , vital:62423
- Description: Over the coming decades, Africa is expected to experience disturbing effects due to climate change and increased land cover change due to human influences presenting a significant concern for the future well-being of human and biological systems, the latter being the foundation of ecosystem services supplied to humanity. Therefore, unprecedented transdisciplinary cooperation, coordination, and integration amongst researchers, government, and civil society are necessary to increase the resiliency of these systems. This study aims to provide an outline of the Africa Alive Corridors (AAC) as an essential model for the encouragement of sustainable development through Earth Stewardship science. These aims are accompanied by the quantification and forward modelling for land cover change of the Critical Zone over 10 Great Lake Basins across one of the AAC, the Western Rift Valley Corridor (WRVC), in East Africa between the years 2018 and 2060. This approach provides the foundation for implementing improved regional governance, better encouragement of sustainable development beyond the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and education programs, such as the AAC, that promote socio-ecological resilience through Earth Stewardship Science. The AAC archives a portion of East Africa as the WRVC, a corridor along the western branch of the East African Rift System that highlights twenty heritage nodes, primarily great lakes, mountain ranges, national parks, and biological hotspots. These heritage entities are associated with ca. 12-million-years of evolution and transformation of the East African topography and related African Great Lake (AGL) systems. The thesis defines the study area by delineating AGL basins intersected by the WRVC. Across these basins, land cover change analysis provides a platform for an integrated assessment of the projected health of the corridor region. Existing land cover datasets provide the initial conditions of the study area for 2008 and 2013. Land cover between 2008 and 2013 is cross-tabulated using the Land Cover Module in the Terrset software, followed by the iii delineation of sub-models and driver variable identification. The Multi-Layer Perceptron algorithm provides the transition potentials between tree cover, urban area, cropland, wetland, and open area classes. Change quantification and prediction using Markov Chain analysis are then established for 2018, 2030, and 2060. The model successfully simulated future land cover change and concluded that: (1) proximity to existing human activity, proximity to existing tree cover, and population are the primary drivers of change; (2) the dominant land cover of the ten lake basins for 2018 was cropland at ca. 48%, followed by tree cover at ca. 33%; (3) total anthropogenic change over the coming four decades equates to over ca. 52 000 km2 (5 200 000 ha), and particularly (4) an urban area is expected to increase by >130%. This assessment ultimately provides a platform for regional governance development at the basin scale and Earth Stewardship science in East Africa. These changes require transdisciplinary action from researchers to civil society. The AAC provides the foundation for understanding the dynamics of the systems that support life across broader spatial and temporal resolutions in Africa, highlighting the need for future generations to build socio-ecological resilience to anticipate challenges such as biodiversity loss posed by climate change and excessive land cover change. , Thesis (DSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Miller, Warren David
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59771 , vital:62423
- Description: Over the coming decades, Africa is expected to experience disturbing effects due to climate change and increased land cover change due to human influences presenting a significant concern for the future well-being of human and biological systems, the latter being the foundation of ecosystem services supplied to humanity. Therefore, unprecedented transdisciplinary cooperation, coordination, and integration amongst researchers, government, and civil society are necessary to increase the resiliency of these systems. This study aims to provide an outline of the Africa Alive Corridors (AAC) as an essential model for the encouragement of sustainable development through Earth Stewardship science. These aims are accompanied by the quantification and forward modelling for land cover change of the Critical Zone over 10 Great Lake Basins across one of the AAC, the Western Rift Valley Corridor (WRVC), in East Africa between the years 2018 and 2060. This approach provides the foundation for implementing improved regional governance, better encouragement of sustainable development beyond the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and education programs, such as the AAC, that promote socio-ecological resilience through Earth Stewardship Science. The AAC archives a portion of East Africa as the WRVC, a corridor along the western branch of the East African Rift System that highlights twenty heritage nodes, primarily great lakes, mountain ranges, national parks, and biological hotspots. These heritage entities are associated with ca. 12-million-years of evolution and transformation of the East African topography and related African Great Lake (AGL) systems. The thesis defines the study area by delineating AGL basins intersected by the WRVC. Across these basins, land cover change analysis provides a platform for an integrated assessment of the projected health of the corridor region. Existing land cover datasets provide the initial conditions of the study area for 2008 and 2013. Land cover between 2008 and 2013 is cross-tabulated using the Land Cover Module in the Terrset software, followed by the iii delineation of sub-models and driver variable identification. The Multi-Layer Perceptron algorithm provides the transition potentials between tree cover, urban area, cropland, wetland, and open area classes. Change quantification and prediction using Markov Chain analysis are then established for 2018, 2030, and 2060. The model successfully simulated future land cover change and concluded that: (1) proximity to existing human activity, proximity to existing tree cover, and population are the primary drivers of change; (2) the dominant land cover of the ten lake basins for 2018 was cropland at ca. 48%, followed by tree cover at ca. 33%; (3) total anthropogenic change over the coming four decades equates to over ca. 52 000 km2 (5 200 000 ha), and particularly (4) an urban area is expected to increase by >130%. This assessment ultimately provides a platform for regional governance development at the basin scale and Earth Stewardship science in East Africa. These changes require transdisciplinary action from researchers to civil society. The AAC provides the foundation for understanding the dynamics of the systems that support life across broader spatial and temporal resolutions in Africa, highlighting the need for future generations to build socio-ecological resilience to anticipate challenges such as biodiversity loss posed by climate change and excessive land cover change. , Thesis (DSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Strategic architecture for quantity surveying Firms in South Africa
- Mokonenyane, Mofumahatsana Dibuseng
- Authors: Mokonenyane, Mofumahatsana Dibuseng
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Sustainable architecture , Quantity surveyors
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59521 , vital:62149
- Description: Quantity surveying firms are a crucial part of the construction industry because they are involved in the financial aspects of the projects, and their role and benefits have been documented across various studies. Furthermore, they provide services such as estimating, cost control and feasibility studies in numerous industries and these services are not limited to the construction industry. They are crucial in ensuring that the project proceeds according to budget, quality and time. Despite the noted benefits of quantity surveying firms, there has been a noticeable decline in the survival rate of the firms over the past ten years. It has been documented that several external and internal environmental factors affect the firms and thus have caused a decline in the survival rate. The volatility of internal and external forces that affect the industry has formed the basis of this study. Previous studies have failed to highlight the strategies to reduce threats and utilise opportunities. This study aims to establish common internal and external environmental factors affecting quantity surveying firms and determine these firms’ strategic architecture. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews to assess the internal and external environment and strategic nature of Quantity surveying firms. In addition, a thematic analysis was administered to identify themes. The themes that arose from the external business environment were technology, political instability, tendering irregularities, lack of availability of work and the practice of green building. The technology theme highlighted the respondents’ views of the technological environment and the role of BIM and other software. Tendering irregularities threatened prospective tenderpreneurs as the respondents viewed the process as flawed and requiring better regulation. Lack of work was highlighted as a further factor. Although not many respondents mentioned this theme, green building is an emerging theme within the South African market. Two main themes were identified in the internal business environment: fee discounting and human resources. Fee discounting refers to the reduction of fees to secure work, while human resources were highlighted as an important factor and are regarded as the fuel that keeps the organisation running. Owing to the varying nature of factors within the external and internal business environment, it was concluded that there is no formal generic strategy that can be utilised to mitigate internal and external environmental factors. The client relationships were highlighted as an important factor, while client relationships were discussed under the balanced scorecard section of the study. The two main themes derived from the balanced scorecard were the financial perspective and client relationships under customer. Increased revenue per customer and venturing into new markets were the main themes mentioned within the financial perspective. The importance of nurturing client relationships was identified as an important factor under the customer section of the balanced scorecard. iii | P a g e The findings of this study will assist the stakeholders within the built environment in determining common internal and external environmental issues facing the industry. The recommendation will assist stakeholders in establishing probable solutions that can be implemented to overcome these challenges. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mokonenyane, Mofumahatsana Dibuseng
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Sustainable architecture , Quantity surveyors
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59521 , vital:62149
- Description: Quantity surveying firms are a crucial part of the construction industry because they are involved in the financial aspects of the projects, and their role and benefits have been documented across various studies. Furthermore, they provide services such as estimating, cost control and feasibility studies in numerous industries and these services are not limited to the construction industry. They are crucial in ensuring that the project proceeds according to budget, quality and time. Despite the noted benefits of quantity surveying firms, there has been a noticeable decline in the survival rate of the firms over the past ten years. It has been documented that several external and internal environmental factors affect the firms and thus have caused a decline in the survival rate. The volatility of internal and external forces that affect the industry has formed the basis of this study. Previous studies have failed to highlight the strategies to reduce threats and utilise opportunities. This study aims to establish common internal and external environmental factors affecting quantity surveying firms and determine these firms’ strategic architecture. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews to assess the internal and external environment and strategic nature of Quantity surveying firms. In addition, a thematic analysis was administered to identify themes. The themes that arose from the external business environment were technology, political instability, tendering irregularities, lack of availability of work and the practice of green building. The technology theme highlighted the respondents’ views of the technological environment and the role of BIM and other software. Tendering irregularities threatened prospective tenderpreneurs as the respondents viewed the process as flawed and requiring better regulation. Lack of work was highlighted as a further factor. Although not many respondents mentioned this theme, green building is an emerging theme within the South African market. Two main themes were identified in the internal business environment: fee discounting and human resources. Fee discounting refers to the reduction of fees to secure work, while human resources were highlighted as an important factor and are regarded as the fuel that keeps the organisation running. Owing to the varying nature of factors within the external and internal business environment, it was concluded that there is no formal generic strategy that can be utilised to mitigate internal and external environmental factors. The client relationships were highlighted as an important factor, while client relationships were discussed under the balanced scorecard section of the study. The two main themes derived from the balanced scorecard were the financial perspective and client relationships under customer. Increased revenue per customer and venturing into new markets were the main themes mentioned within the financial perspective. The importance of nurturing client relationships was identified as an important factor under the customer section of the balanced scorecard. iii | P a g e The findings of this study will assist the stakeholders within the built environment in determining common internal and external environmental issues facing the industry. The recommendation will assist stakeholders in establishing probable solutions that can be implemented to overcome these challenges. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Termination of employment in the public service sector: the constitutionality of the deeming provisions
- Authors: Mbewana, Inga
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: unfair labor practices--South Africa , labor law and legislation--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60080 , vital:62940
- Description: In terms of the South African Public Service Act,1 an employee who absents him- /herself from official duties without permission of his or her head of department, office or institution for a period exceeding one calendar month is deemed to have been discharged by operation of law. A similar provision can also be found in section 14 of the Employment of Educators Act,2 which expressly refers to fourteen (14) consecutive day’s unauthorised absence as opposed to thirty (30) days. Employees whose services have been terminated by operation of law are deprived an opportunity to defend themselves prior to the dismissal as prescribed by the Labour Relations Act3 (LRA). South African courts have grappled with several cases relating to dismissal by operation of law in the public service. The nature of these provisions is such that employees in the public sector are discharged from their duties without any hearing to offer them the opportunity to state their side and/or give a reasonable explanation for their absence. These provisions will thus be referred to herein as “the deeming provisions”. The deeming provisions provide that the discharge / dismissal is “on account of misconduct” however, it does not provide for a pre-dismissal procedure that is to be followed when dismissal is on account of misconduct, as prescribed by the LRA. It has been settled in our law that dismissal by operation of law is not dismissal for the purposes of the LRA. The employees dismissed by operation of law are regarded as if they are not entitled to a hearing. The right to fair labour practices protects everyone including public sector employees, 4 and such right is given effect to by way of enactment of the LRA. The LRA serves to protect public sector employees except where the exclusion is specified. This treatise seeks to challenge the necessity and constitutionality of the deeming provisions on the basis of its contravention of the constitutional right to fair labour practices. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mbewana, Inga
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: unfair labor practices--South Africa , labor law and legislation--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60080 , vital:62940
- Description: In terms of the South African Public Service Act,1 an employee who absents him- /herself from official duties without permission of his or her head of department, office or institution for a period exceeding one calendar month is deemed to have been discharged by operation of law. A similar provision can also be found in section 14 of the Employment of Educators Act,2 which expressly refers to fourteen (14) consecutive day’s unauthorised absence as opposed to thirty (30) days. Employees whose services have been terminated by operation of law are deprived an opportunity to defend themselves prior to the dismissal as prescribed by the Labour Relations Act3 (LRA). South African courts have grappled with several cases relating to dismissal by operation of law in the public service. The nature of these provisions is such that employees in the public sector are discharged from their duties without any hearing to offer them the opportunity to state their side and/or give a reasonable explanation for their absence. These provisions will thus be referred to herein as “the deeming provisions”. The deeming provisions provide that the discharge / dismissal is “on account of misconduct” however, it does not provide for a pre-dismissal procedure that is to be followed when dismissal is on account of misconduct, as prescribed by the LRA. It has been settled in our law that dismissal by operation of law is not dismissal for the purposes of the LRA. The employees dismissed by operation of law are regarded as if they are not entitled to a hearing. The right to fair labour practices protects everyone including public sector employees, 4 and such right is given effect to by way of enactment of the LRA. The LRA serves to protect public sector employees except where the exclusion is specified. This treatise seeks to challenge the necessity and constitutionality of the deeming provisions on the basis of its contravention of the constitutional right to fair labour practices. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The co-evolution of Africa’s eastern margin and its primate fauna: implications for hominin evolution
- Authors: Mambalu, Philasande
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59755 , vital:62418
- Description: I investigated potential links between the diversification of African primate lineages and the physical evolution of the continent. I compared published phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA for five clades: (a) Lorisoidea (galagos and pottos); (b) arboreal guenon monkeys (Cercopithecus and its allies); (c) living apes (including humans); (d) Papionini (baboons); and (e) savanna or “vervet” monkeys (Chlorocebus). I compared primate divergence dates with the ages of tectonic events, patterns of climatic change, and their palaeo-vegetational consequences. Based on present primate distributions, I estimated likely geographic locations of the divergence events. Finally, I compared the phylogenetic patterns of the primate clades with hominin evolutionary scenarios. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated three time periods when rates of speciation increased across the five primate clades: the Eocene – Oligocene transition (34 – 32 Ma); the mid-late Miocene (10 – 5 Ma); and the Pliocene – Pleistocene transition (2.7 – 2.3 Ma). Concentrated bursts of lineage splitting indicate a broadscale causal relationship between environmental change and lineage divergence. Human evolution followed similar biogeographic patterns to those of other primate clades. Tectonic events, climatic changes and palaeo-vegetational shifts are intimately connected, and have synergistic effects on biotic diversity. Tectonic events influence climatic change through their effects on oceanic circulation, planetary temperatures and rainfall patterns. Additionally, tectonic uplift and erosion may create geographic barriers to organismal dispersal across the continent, increasing the likelihood of geographic separation of populations and speciation. Recently evolved primate species show high levels of hybridisation for several generations after their initial divergence. Genus Homo generated ~10 species over 2.5 Ma. The emergence of these taxa likely involved substantial hybridisation, as demonstrated by the presence of Neanderthal genes within the H. sapiens genome. I suggest that this hybridisation contributed to the difficulties palaeoanthropologists often experience in distinguishing fossil hominin taxa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mambalu, Philasande
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59755 , vital:62418
- Description: I investigated potential links between the diversification of African primate lineages and the physical evolution of the continent. I compared published phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA for five clades: (a) Lorisoidea (galagos and pottos); (b) arboreal guenon monkeys (Cercopithecus and its allies); (c) living apes (including humans); (d) Papionini (baboons); and (e) savanna or “vervet” monkeys (Chlorocebus). I compared primate divergence dates with the ages of tectonic events, patterns of climatic change, and their palaeo-vegetational consequences. Based on present primate distributions, I estimated likely geographic locations of the divergence events. Finally, I compared the phylogenetic patterns of the primate clades with hominin evolutionary scenarios. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated three time periods when rates of speciation increased across the five primate clades: the Eocene – Oligocene transition (34 – 32 Ma); the mid-late Miocene (10 – 5 Ma); and the Pliocene – Pleistocene transition (2.7 – 2.3 Ma). Concentrated bursts of lineage splitting indicate a broadscale causal relationship between environmental change and lineage divergence. Human evolution followed similar biogeographic patterns to those of other primate clades. Tectonic events, climatic changes and palaeo-vegetational shifts are intimately connected, and have synergistic effects on biotic diversity. Tectonic events influence climatic change through their effects on oceanic circulation, planetary temperatures and rainfall patterns. Additionally, tectonic uplift and erosion may create geographic barriers to organismal dispersal across the continent, increasing the likelihood of geographic separation of populations and speciation. Recently evolved primate species show high levels of hybridisation for several generations after their initial divergence. Genus Homo generated ~10 species over 2.5 Ma. The emergence of these taxa likely involved substantial hybridisation, as demonstrated by the presence of Neanderthal genes within the H. sapiens genome. I suggest that this hybridisation contributed to the difficulties palaeoanthropologists often experience in distinguishing fossil hominin taxa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The determinants of entrepreneurship in African countries
- Authors: Malungane, Neo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Determinants , Entrepreneurship -- African countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59677 , vital:62349
- Description: This research investigates the determinants of entrepreneurship by examining the statistical relationships between entrepreneurship and macroeconomic, human capital, and institutional quality variables in 50 African countries utilising data from 2000-2018. The study intended to contribute to existing literature with new knowledge on the discipline since there is limited literature on African countries. The Generalised Methods of Moments technique was employed to examine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable using Stata software. The study findings indicate that domestic credit to the private sector, education and training, the rule of law, political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, regulatory quality have a significant effect on entrepreneurship. The remaining selected variables are insignificant. These findings suggest that smooth access to credit through business loans, trade credits, and other accounts receivables from financial institutions as the primary funding mechanism for businesses. Further encouraging entrepreneurship, the African government should ensure that education and training, particularly entrepreneurial education, is available to all inhabitants. Improving existing laws and regulations and enacting new effective laws and regulations that align with the current African business climate is recommended to protect existing and infant businesses by governing the entire entrepreneurial environment. , Thesis (MEcon) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Science, School of Applied Accounting, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Malungane, Neo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Determinants , Entrepreneurship -- African countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59677 , vital:62349
- Description: This research investigates the determinants of entrepreneurship by examining the statistical relationships between entrepreneurship and macroeconomic, human capital, and institutional quality variables in 50 African countries utilising data from 2000-2018. The study intended to contribute to existing literature with new knowledge on the discipline since there is limited literature on African countries. The Generalised Methods of Moments technique was employed to examine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable using Stata software. The study findings indicate that domestic credit to the private sector, education and training, the rule of law, political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, regulatory quality have a significant effect on entrepreneurship. The remaining selected variables are insignificant. These findings suggest that smooth access to credit through business loans, trade credits, and other accounts receivables from financial institutions as the primary funding mechanism for businesses. Further encouraging entrepreneurship, the African government should ensure that education and training, particularly entrepreneurial education, is available to all inhabitants. Improving existing laws and regulations and enacting new effective laws and regulations that align with the current African business climate is recommended to protect existing and infant businesses by governing the entire entrepreneurial environment. , Thesis (MEcon) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Science, School of Applied Accounting, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The development of a flow route to synthesize 3- benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, an intermediate of an anti-TB drug, bedaquilin
- Authors: Mpalala, Anele
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa , Tuberculosis --Chemotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59864 , vital:62455
- Description: SA has a high number of reported cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Bedaquiline is a newly approved active ingredient of an anti-tuberculosis drug with high potency against MDR-TB. The limited access to this life-saving medicine to many people in the world has driven a great deal of research effort by the scientific community to find new, better and more practical approaches to this drug. However, many of the reported synthetic procedures suffer from long reaction times, which in turn require many hours of effort by the chemists conducting the reactions. This has prompted us to investigate an efficient process towards the synthesis to produce the key intermediates of bedaquiline using continuous flow technology. Additionally, since there is not much literature on continuous flow synthesis of bedaquiline, this research revealed interesting continuous flow processes towards the drug. Chapter 1: In order to provide insight, the first chapter of this dissertation presents a comprehensive background and literature review on tuberculosis; its pathogenesis, impact, medicines available for the treatment as well as the drug classes with novel mode of action and new chemical entities. Furthermore, bedaquiline is discussed in detail with the various synthetic protocols of the drug. An introduction to continuous flow chemistry is discussed, along with an outline of its advantages and disadvantages. Chapter 2: The second chapter encompasses the experimental procedures utilized for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The three key intermediates of bedaquiline were synthesized in batch synthesis and these compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, the continuous flow synthesis protocols for the preparations of these intermediates and their optimization are outlined. Chapter 3: The results are explained in this chapter with detailed discussions of the batch synthesis and the continuous flow optimization of each step within the scope of this research. The investigation started with the batch preparation of the primary intermediate, N-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide via an amidation reaction between 3-phenylpropanoyl chloride and p-bromoaniline. The primary intermediate then undergoes a subsequent formylation and cyclization via a Vilsmeier–Haack reaction to yield 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-chloroquinoline. The chloroquinoline ii intermediate undergoes a methoxylation reaction to form 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2- methoxyquinoline. Subsequently, the batch protocol was transferred into continuous flow systems, optimized by varying reaction parameters within the synthesis route to achieve the as much yield as possible. The optimization studies showed an improvement in conversions in the various steps with shorter reaction times. The first step was optimized in a 0.2ml microreactor and because of the enhanced safety of flow chemistry, this exothermic amidation reaction was optimised at elevated temperatures to afford the primary intermediate at a 100% conversion within a residence time of 5 seconds using DMF as a solvent with DIPEA as a base. Next, the Vilsmier-Haack cyclization and chlorination was optimised in flow to afford the 2-chloroquinoline intermediate. The ability to use a back pressure regulator allowed for investigation of the effect of high temperature on the reaction and the 2- chloroquinoline intermediate was obtained at 78% conversion in a residence time of 30 min at 150 ⁰C using acetonitrile as a solvent. Subsequently, the optimization of the third step in flow to afford the central core intermediate of bedaquiline, 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, achieved 100% conversion in DMSO/MeOH solvent system at a residence time of 5 min. The effect of temperature, molar equivalence and solvent on reaction conversions could be observed in these steps. The results obtained from this study clearly demonstrated the successful establishment of an efficient flow chemistry protocol that can be used to successfully synthesize all intermediates within the scope of this research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mpalala, Anele
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa , Tuberculosis --Chemotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59864 , vital:62455
- Description: SA has a high number of reported cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Bedaquiline is a newly approved active ingredient of an anti-tuberculosis drug with high potency against MDR-TB. The limited access to this life-saving medicine to many people in the world has driven a great deal of research effort by the scientific community to find new, better and more practical approaches to this drug. However, many of the reported synthetic procedures suffer from long reaction times, which in turn require many hours of effort by the chemists conducting the reactions. This has prompted us to investigate an efficient process towards the synthesis to produce the key intermediates of bedaquiline using continuous flow technology. Additionally, since there is not much literature on continuous flow synthesis of bedaquiline, this research revealed interesting continuous flow processes towards the drug. Chapter 1: In order to provide insight, the first chapter of this dissertation presents a comprehensive background and literature review on tuberculosis; its pathogenesis, impact, medicines available for the treatment as well as the drug classes with novel mode of action and new chemical entities. Furthermore, bedaquiline is discussed in detail with the various synthetic protocols of the drug. An introduction to continuous flow chemistry is discussed, along with an outline of its advantages and disadvantages. Chapter 2: The second chapter encompasses the experimental procedures utilized for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The three key intermediates of bedaquiline were synthesized in batch synthesis and these compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, the continuous flow synthesis protocols for the preparations of these intermediates and their optimization are outlined. Chapter 3: The results are explained in this chapter with detailed discussions of the batch synthesis and the continuous flow optimization of each step within the scope of this research. The investigation started with the batch preparation of the primary intermediate, N-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide via an amidation reaction between 3-phenylpropanoyl chloride and p-bromoaniline. The primary intermediate then undergoes a subsequent formylation and cyclization via a Vilsmeier–Haack reaction to yield 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-chloroquinoline. The chloroquinoline ii intermediate undergoes a methoxylation reaction to form 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2- methoxyquinoline. Subsequently, the batch protocol was transferred into continuous flow systems, optimized by varying reaction parameters within the synthesis route to achieve the as much yield as possible. The optimization studies showed an improvement in conversions in the various steps with shorter reaction times. The first step was optimized in a 0.2ml microreactor and because of the enhanced safety of flow chemistry, this exothermic amidation reaction was optimised at elevated temperatures to afford the primary intermediate at a 100% conversion within a residence time of 5 seconds using DMF as a solvent with DIPEA as a base. Next, the Vilsmier-Haack cyclization and chlorination was optimised in flow to afford the 2-chloroquinoline intermediate. The ability to use a back pressure regulator allowed for investigation of the effect of high temperature on the reaction and the 2- chloroquinoline intermediate was obtained at 78% conversion in a residence time of 30 min at 150 ⁰C using acetonitrile as a solvent. Subsequently, the optimization of the third step in flow to afford the central core intermediate of bedaquiline, 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, achieved 100% conversion in DMSO/MeOH solvent system at a residence time of 5 min. The effect of temperature, molar equivalence and solvent on reaction conversions could be observed in these steps. The results obtained from this study clearly demonstrated the successful establishment of an efficient flow chemistry protocol that can be used to successfully synthesize all intermediates within the scope of this research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The effect of factor endowment on BRICS countries export diversification
- Authors: Olisa,Onyiyechukwu Rebecca
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Factor proportions , Brics countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60037 , vital:62787
- Description: Historically, the expansion of a nation’s export portfolio has always been considered as an important agenda for economic growth, regardless of the nation’s abundant factor of production. In recent decades, the shift in attention of developing nations from export concentration towards export diversification has increased. This is because of the increasing volatility of exports across the globe. This study is therefore conducted to determine the effect of land, human and capital endowments on the BRICS countries’ export diversification. This study utilises the data from the individual BRICS countries from 1995 to 2019 and makes use of the ARDL model, the ridge, lasso, elastic net regressions and quantile regression to determine the long-run and short-run effects. The results of this study show that in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa land endowment promotes export diversification in the long-run. In the short-run it promotes export concentration in Brazil, Russia, India and China. Human endowment promotes export diversification in China in both the long-run and the short-run. For Brazil and South Africa, human endowment only promotes export diversification in the short-run and not the long-run. For Russia and India, in the short-run human endowment promotes export diversification, in the long-run it depends on the regression method utilised. Capital endowment promotes export diversification in Brazil, India, China and South Africa in the short-run. In the long-run depending on the methods, capital endowment promotes export diversification in Brazil, Russia and China. In India and South Africa, capital endowment promotes export concentration and not export diversification in the long-run. This therefore implies that, for the individual BRICS countries, policy makers need to implement the appropriate policies that will enable the positive effect of factor endowment on export diversification, in either/both the long-run and the short-run. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economics Science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Olisa,Onyiyechukwu Rebecca
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Factor proportions , Brics countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60037 , vital:62787
- Description: Historically, the expansion of a nation’s export portfolio has always been considered as an important agenda for economic growth, regardless of the nation’s abundant factor of production. In recent decades, the shift in attention of developing nations from export concentration towards export diversification has increased. This is because of the increasing volatility of exports across the globe. This study is therefore conducted to determine the effect of land, human and capital endowments on the BRICS countries’ export diversification. This study utilises the data from the individual BRICS countries from 1995 to 2019 and makes use of the ARDL model, the ridge, lasso, elastic net regressions and quantile regression to determine the long-run and short-run effects. The results of this study show that in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa land endowment promotes export diversification in the long-run. In the short-run it promotes export concentration in Brazil, Russia, India and China. Human endowment promotes export diversification in China in both the long-run and the short-run. For Brazil and South Africa, human endowment only promotes export diversification in the short-run and not the long-run. For Russia and India, in the short-run human endowment promotes export diversification, in the long-run it depends on the regression method utilised. Capital endowment promotes export diversification in Brazil, India, China and South Africa in the short-run. In the long-run depending on the methods, capital endowment promotes export diversification in Brazil, Russia and China. In India and South Africa, capital endowment promotes export concentration and not export diversification in the long-run. This therefore implies that, for the individual BRICS countries, policy makers need to implement the appropriate policies that will enable the positive effect of factor endowment on export diversification, in either/both the long-run and the short-run. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economics Science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The effect of limestone ammonium nitrate and chicken manure fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of two cabbage cultivators
- Authors: Nongogo Chumani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Cabbage -- South Africa , Field crops -- Nutrition -- South Africa , fertilizers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59922 , vital:62695
- Description: Cabbage is a well-known and popular crop in South Africa. As a highly nutritious leafy green vegetable, it is produced and sold to a variety of markets, from formal markets to hawkers, for human consumption and as animal feed. The cabbage crop contributes positively to food security, health, and households’ financial wellbeing. As a crop, cabbage is known to be a heavy feeder due to its high nutritional requirements (in terms of fertiliser) particularly nitrogen. This high requirement can be supplied by either synthetic or by organic fertilisers in the form of animal manures. However, fertiliser has proven to be a challenge due to its high costs, as its prices increase rapidly each year. The current study aimed to determine the most effective fertilisation method for the growth, quality, and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Two fertiliser types (chicken manure and limestone ammonium nitrate) were applied, and the treatments were repeated five times over two planting sessions on two cultivars, Grandslam and Empowa, at concentrations of 0%, 100% and 150%. A control for each treatment / cultivar was also grown. The parameters plant height, head diameter, pests and disease development, quality and dry mass were measured to determine the effect on growth, yield, and quality of the cabbage crop. From each planting, a total of 60 cabbages served as specimens for data collection purposes. The research trial was conducted in open field and laid out in a split-plot block method. The cultivar was allocated to the main plot, while the fertiliser treatments served as the sub-plots. The study was carried out for a period of six months, which allowed for data collection to be done in two different growing conditions. Planting was done manually by hand in planting bags, and washed river sand was used as a substrate (growing medium). The data collected during the experiment was analysed by means of statistical data analysis software STATISTICA and the methods applied were a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis of variance was performed at a significance level of p as a means to determine a correlation of relationships for all set parameters (variables) for both cultivars, treatments and plantings. The results of the study showed that the two fertiliser types, namely limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) and chicken manure, both had a significant effect (p on plant height, head diameter, dry mass. Also, the pest and disease development and quality of cabbage were significantly influenced by the fertiliser types and season (climate). The interactive effect of cultivar and fertiliser was statistically significant. Empowa showed better results on chicken manure compared to LAN. In the case of Grandslam, however, no significant fertiliser effect was observed. The study also showed that fertilisation with a fertiliser that contains high nitrogen (N) content promotes pest and disease incidence. Increasing N application rate resulted into an increase of pest and disease incidence. The change of season, which promotes different growth conditions (in terms of temperature, water requirements, pests, and diseases) for the plants was found to have had an influence on the study results. Lasty, it was observed that chicken manure fertiliser yields a cabbage with a good internal and external quality compared to limestone ammonium nitrate fertiliser. Lastly, when considering all treatment rates applied, the recommended quantity of 100% (in both chicken manure and LAN) yielded favorable results. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Nongogo Chumani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Cabbage -- South Africa , Field crops -- Nutrition -- South Africa , fertilizers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59922 , vital:62695
- Description: Cabbage is a well-known and popular crop in South Africa. As a highly nutritious leafy green vegetable, it is produced and sold to a variety of markets, from formal markets to hawkers, for human consumption and as animal feed. The cabbage crop contributes positively to food security, health, and households’ financial wellbeing. As a crop, cabbage is known to be a heavy feeder due to its high nutritional requirements (in terms of fertiliser) particularly nitrogen. This high requirement can be supplied by either synthetic or by organic fertilisers in the form of animal manures. However, fertiliser has proven to be a challenge due to its high costs, as its prices increase rapidly each year. The current study aimed to determine the most effective fertilisation method for the growth, quality, and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Two fertiliser types (chicken manure and limestone ammonium nitrate) were applied, and the treatments were repeated five times over two planting sessions on two cultivars, Grandslam and Empowa, at concentrations of 0%, 100% and 150%. A control for each treatment / cultivar was also grown. The parameters plant height, head diameter, pests and disease development, quality and dry mass were measured to determine the effect on growth, yield, and quality of the cabbage crop. From each planting, a total of 60 cabbages served as specimens for data collection purposes. The research trial was conducted in open field and laid out in a split-plot block method. The cultivar was allocated to the main plot, while the fertiliser treatments served as the sub-plots. The study was carried out for a period of six months, which allowed for data collection to be done in two different growing conditions. Planting was done manually by hand in planting bags, and washed river sand was used as a substrate (growing medium). The data collected during the experiment was analysed by means of statistical data analysis software STATISTICA and the methods applied were a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis of variance was performed at a significance level of p as a means to determine a correlation of relationships for all set parameters (variables) for both cultivars, treatments and plantings. The results of the study showed that the two fertiliser types, namely limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) and chicken manure, both had a significant effect (p on plant height, head diameter, dry mass. Also, the pest and disease development and quality of cabbage were significantly influenced by the fertiliser types and season (climate). The interactive effect of cultivar and fertiliser was statistically significant. Empowa showed better results on chicken manure compared to LAN. In the case of Grandslam, however, no significant fertiliser effect was observed. The study also showed that fertilisation with a fertiliser that contains high nitrogen (N) content promotes pest and disease incidence. Increasing N application rate resulted into an increase of pest and disease incidence. The change of season, which promotes different growth conditions (in terms of temperature, water requirements, pests, and diseases) for the plants was found to have had an influence on the study results. Lasty, it was observed that chicken manure fertiliser yields a cabbage with a good internal and external quality compared to limestone ammonium nitrate fertiliser. Lastly, when considering all treatment rates applied, the recommended quantity of 100% (in both chicken manure and LAN) yielded favorable results. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The extension of collective agreements to non- parties for dismissal for operational requirements
- Authors: Lupondwana, Masiza Howard
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation--South Africa , Unfair labor practices
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59724 , vital:62387
- Description: Section 23 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa1 states that “Everyone has the right to fair labour practice. (2) Every worker has the right to – (a) to form and join a trade union; (b) to participate in the activities and programmes of a trade union; and (c) to strike’’. The Labour Relations Act 2 (the LRA) was enacted to give effect to section 23 of the Constitution, to regulate the organizational rights of trade union, to promote and facilitate collective bargaining at the workplace and at sectoral level. Its purpose is to advance the economic development, social justice, labour peace and democratization of the workplace by fulfilling the primary objectives of this Act. Firstly, this study seeks to critically examine the extension of collective agreements and effect of section 23(1) (d) in both small- and large-scale retrenchments (s189 & 189 A). A right to fair dismissal is a guaranteed employment right as outlined in section 185 of the LRA. Danielle Venn writes that “legislation is not the only source of employment, labour law clearly set a minimum standard while collective agreements or individual contracts can include provisions more generous to employees than those in legislation.3 This indicates that collective agreements are mechanisms aimed at creating conducive working conditions of employment between the employer and employee in the workplace. By ensuring that resolutions aimed at promoting general welfare of employees are implemented, regulating and enhancement of employee benefits, and other matters of mutual interest are expressed in the agreement. Individual employment law has express terms which clearly state that an employment contract may incorporate the employer’s disciplinary code of conduct. This mostly include procedure to be followed during termination of service or dismissal. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Lupondwana, Masiza Howard
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation--South Africa , Unfair labor practices
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59724 , vital:62387
- Description: Section 23 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa1 states that “Everyone has the right to fair labour practice. (2) Every worker has the right to – (a) to form and join a trade union; (b) to participate in the activities and programmes of a trade union; and (c) to strike’’. The Labour Relations Act 2 (the LRA) was enacted to give effect to section 23 of the Constitution, to regulate the organizational rights of trade union, to promote and facilitate collective bargaining at the workplace and at sectoral level. Its purpose is to advance the economic development, social justice, labour peace and democratization of the workplace by fulfilling the primary objectives of this Act. Firstly, this study seeks to critically examine the extension of collective agreements and effect of section 23(1) (d) in both small- and large-scale retrenchments (s189 & 189 A). A right to fair dismissal is a guaranteed employment right as outlined in section 185 of the LRA. Danielle Venn writes that “legislation is not the only source of employment, labour law clearly set a minimum standard while collective agreements or individual contracts can include provisions more generous to employees than those in legislation.3 This indicates that collective agreements are mechanisms aimed at creating conducive working conditions of employment between the employer and employee in the workplace. By ensuring that resolutions aimed at promoting general welfare of employees are implemented, regulating and enhancement of employee benefits, and other matters of mutual interest are expressed in the agreement. Individual employment law has express terms which clearly state that an employment contract may incorporate the employer’s disciplinary code of conduct. This mostly include procedure to be followed during termination of service or dismissal. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-12
The factors influencing professional commitment and job performance of pharmacists in the Nelson Mandela Bay within the Covid-19 environment
- Authors: Sayster, Gary
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Professional ethics , Pharmacists (Nelson Mandela Bay) , COVID-19 (Disease)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60232 , vital:63986
- Description: Job performance and professional commitment are potent drivers of organisational efficiency and overall organisational prosperity, respectively. The severe lack in research regarding these constructs in relation to the pharmaceutical industry or to pharmacists specifically, provided the prime opportunity for the present research to fill this gap. The aim of the present research was therefore to determine the factors influencing professional commitment and job performance in pharmacists in Nelson Mandela Bay, given the Covid-119 environment. A quantitative research approach was adopted for the present study and involved the distribution of a likert—scale questionnaire measuring the dependent variables – professional commitment and job performance and the independent variables – work stress, job commitment, self-esteem and emotional intelligence. A total of 142 surveys were analysed, signalling a response rate of 94.6 67 %. The key findings of the statical analysis show that work stress is negatively related to affective professional commitment and job performance. Job commitment was positively related to job performance and affective professional commitment and self-esteem have a directly positive effect on affective professional commitment. Social skills and self-motivation (as components of emotional intelligence) had a positive relationship with job performance and professional commitment, respectively. Based on these findings, several managerial implications and recommendations were offered. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Sayster, Gary
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Professional ethics , Pharmacists (Nelson Mandela Bay) , COVID-19 (Disease)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60232 , vital:63986
- Description: Job performance and professional commitment are potent drivers of organisational efficiency and overall organisational prosperity, respectively. The severe lack in research regarding these constructs in relation to the pharmaceutical industry or to pharmacists specifically, provided the prime opportunity for the present research to fill this gap. The aim of the present research was therefore to determine the factors influencing professional commitment and job performance in pharmacists in Nelson Mandela Bay, given the Covid-119 environment. A quantitative research approach was adopted for the present study and involved the distribution of a likert—scale questionnaire measuring the dependent variables – professional commitment and job performance and the independent variables – work stress, job commitment, self-esteem and emotional intelligence. A total of 142 surveys were analysed, signalling a response rate of 94.6 67 %. The key findings of the statical analysis show that work stress is negatively related to affective professional commitment and job performance. Job commitment was positively related to job performance and affective professional commitment and self-esteem have a directly positive effect on affective professional commitment. Social skills and self-motivation (as components of emotional intelligence) had a positive relationship with job performance and professional commitment, respectively. Based on these findings, several managerial implications and recommendations were offered. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The gender rubik’s cube: ethnographic conversations with gay men in Port Elizabeth within the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Authors: Pillay, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Masculinity --Port Elizabeth -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Homosexuality --Political aspects -- Port Elizabeth , Sex differences (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59413 , vital:62085
- Description: Today, a number of disciplines across the social sciences have begun to pay attention to gender; however, gender studies suggest a degree of empowerment for feminist knowledge and not enough recognition that men, too, are gendered beings. As the gender spectrum acknowledges inclusions across options of the gendered form, a greater understanding of gender experiences is required to assist in the development of solutions and systemic changes in society. The study uses qualitative research methods such as one on one interviews to open conversations with self- identified gay men, leading to a deeper understanding of masculinities and what it means to be a man within contemporary society. The proposition made in this study on the notions of men and masculinities is that they can be seen as a gender puzzle, or a gendered Rubik’s Cube, which when considered in this way contribute towards a better understanding of humanity. A Rubik’s Cube approach could facilitate the proposed changes of a deeper analysis of men and masculinities. This study fundamentally explores the lived experiences of the participants and how these experiences come alive in relation to masculinities in contemporary society and offers recommendations to facility positive change, such as about the understanding, the role, the process, and the purpose of ‘coming out’ as a gendered form of both expression and self-identity. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Pillay, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Masculinity --Port Elizabeth -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Homosexuality --Political aspects -- Port Elizabeth , Sex differences (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59413 , vital:62085
- Description: Today, a number of disciplines across the social sciences have begun to pay attention to gender; however, gender studies suggest a degree of empowerment for feminist knowledge and not enough recognition that men, too, are gendered beings. As the gender spectrum acknowledges inclusions across options of the gendered form, a greater understanding of gender experiences is required to assist in the development of solutions and systemic changes in society. The study uses qualitative research methods such as one on one interviews to open conversations with self- identified gay men, leading to a deeper understanding of masculinities and what it means to be a man within contemporary society. The proposition made in this study on the notions of men and masculinities is that they can be seen as a gender puzzle, or a gendered Rubik’s Cube, which when considered in this way contribute towards a better understanding of humanity. A Rubik’s Cube approach could facilitate the proposed changes of a deeper analysis of men and masculinities. This study fundamentally explores the lived experiences of the participants and how these experiences come alive in relation to masculinities in contemporary society and offers recommendations to facility positive change, such as about the understanding, the role, the process, and the purpose of ‘coming out’ as a gendered form of both expression and self-identity. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The Impact of COVID-19 on Maritime Operations at the Port of Mossel Bay
- Authors: Mthembu, Sandile
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease) , Maritime Operations, Port of Mossel Bay
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59768 , vital:62422
- Description: The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on maritime operations at the Port of Mossel Bay, South Africa (SA) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Port of Mossel Bay is the smallest commercial port in SA. The Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA), which is owned by the South African government and reports directly to the Department of Public Enterprises, manages and operates the Port of Mossel Bay. The oil and gas industry, as well as a small fishing fleet, are served by the port at Mossel Bay. Although fishing industry is crucial to the local population in the Southern Cape, the Port of Mossel Bay also manages a number of other commercial activities, which greatly contributes to the South African economy and Growth Domestic Product (GDP). The study focused on four companies, which conduct maritime operations at the Port of Mossel Bay, namely, Mossel Bay Transnet Port Authority, PetroSA, SeaVuna and Viking Fishing Operations. Various literature studies were utilised to gather background information for each company, as well as data for comparison, evaluation and interpretation of maritime operations before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an interpretivist approach as a research philosophy, a qualitative research methodology was employed. For the qualitative data collection, participants were contacted, after which the data was analysed, leading to the identification of themes. COVID-19 has had a financial and operational influence on maritime operations at the Port of Mossel Bay, according to the empirical findings. Companies created are continuing to implement, steps to ameliorate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that operations are carried out effectively and efficiently. The intention of this study is to contribute to the body of knowledge to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of marine operations in South African waters and beyond before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional benefits of this research are to provide a framework of analysis for restoring maritime operations but also to serve as a preventative framework for prolonged or recurring pandemic phenomena in the future. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Science, School of Applied Accounting, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mthembu, Sandile
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease) , Maritime Operations, Port of Mossel Bay
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59768 , vital:62422
- Description: The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on maritime operations at the Port of Mossel Bay, South Africa (SA) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Port of Mossel Bay is the smallest commercial port in SA. The Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA), which is owned by the South African government and reports directly to the Department of Public Enterprises, manages and operates the Port of Mossel Bay. The oil and gas industry, as well as a small fishing fleet, are served by the port at Mossel Bay. Although fishing industry is crucial to the local population in the Southern Cape, the Port of Mossel Bay also manages a number of other commercial activities, which greatly contributes to the South African economy and Growth Domestic Product (GDP). The study focused on four companies, which conduct maritime operations at the Port of Mossel Bay, namely, Mossel Bay Transnet Port Authority, PetroSA, SeaVuna and Viking Fishing Operations. Various literature studies were utilised to gather background information for each company, as well as data for comparison, evaluation and interpretation of maritime operations before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an interpretivist approach as a research philosophy, a qualitative research methodology was employed. For the qualitative data collection, participants were contacted, after which the data was analysed, leading to the identification of themes. COVID-19 has had a financial and operational influence on maritime operations at the Port of Mossel Bay, according to the empirical findings. Companies created are continuing to implement, steps to ameliorate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that operations are carried out effectively and efficiently. The intention of this study is to contribute to the body of knowledge to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of marine operations in South African waters and beyond before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional benefits of this research are to provide a framework of analysis for restoring maritime operations but also to serve as a preventative framework for prolonged or recurring pandemic phenomena in the future. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Science, School of Applied Accounting, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The Impact of Official Development Assistance and Capital flight on Corruption and the impact of Official Development Assistance, Capital flight and Corruption on Economic growth in sub-Saharan African countries
- Authors: Zandile, Zezethu
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Capital movements , Corruption—Law and legislation , Economic growth--sub-Saharan African countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60199 , vital:63259
- Description: This study sought after the theoretical and empirical investigation of whether Official Development Assistance (ODA), Corruption and Capital flight have any impact on each other and whether they also have an impact on economic growth. This investigation is carried out focusing within the sub-Saharan African region from the year 1995 to 2019. The empirical analysis uses the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) model within a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to evaluate the existence of a long run cointegration that exists between ODA and corruption; Corruption and capital flight; GDP and ODA; GDP and capital flight and lastly Corruption and GDP. Focusing on the long-run, the model confirms a uni-directional long-run relationship from ODA to corruption and a bidirectional long-run relationship between corruption and capital flight. The model also confirms a bi-direction negative long-run relationship between ODA and GDP. GDP is reported to have a negative long-run relationship with corruption. There is a positive and significant relationship from capital flight to GDP which is contradictory to economic theory. This relationship might be due to the fact that there is no standard agreement on what capital flight is and how it is measured or estimated thus leading to such results. Also a shortage of this data has had a major impact on the analysis of these relationships. The Panel ARDL model is a superior model that can account for autocorrelation and thus cannot produce spurious results and thus we can be confident that the results presented on the study are robust. The overall results of the study suggest that the large influx of ODA within the SSA region causes corruption and thus the region needs less ODA and more good governance. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Zandile, Zezethu
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Capital movements , Corruption—Law and legislation , Economic growth--sub-Saharan African countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60199 , vital:63259
- Description: This study sought after the theoretical and empirical investigation of whether Official Development Assistance (ODA), Corruption and Capital flight have any impact on each other and whether they also have an impact on economic growth. This investigation is carried out focusing within the sub-Saharan African region from the year 1995 to 2019. The empirical analysis uses the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) model within a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to evaluate the existence of a long run cointegration that exists between ODA and corruption; Corruption and capital flight; GDP and ODA; GDP and capital flight and lastly Corruption and GDP. Focusing on the long-run, the model confirms a uni-directional long-run relationship from ODA to corruption and a bidirectional long-run relationship between corruption and capital flight. The model also confirms a bi-direction negative long-run relationship between ODA and GDP. GDP is reported to have a negative long-run relationship with corruption. There is a positive and significant relationship from capital flight to GDP which is contradictory to economic theory. This relationship might be due to the fact that there is no standard agreement on what capital flight is and how it is measured or estimated thus leading to such results. Also a shortage of this data has had a major impact on the analysis of these relationships. The Panel ARDL model is a superior model that can account for autocorrelation and thus cannot produce spurious results and thus we can be confident that the results presented on the study are robust. The overall results of the study suggest that the large influx of ODA within the SSA region causes corruption and thus the region needs less ODA and more good governance. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The impact of Taxation and corruption on economic growth in South Africa
- Authors: Rabinda, Aluwani Malvin
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Taxation , Corrupt practices , Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59832 , vital:62444
- Description: Developing countries, such as South Africa, have been on a mission to reduce corruption, particularly in the public sector, and to collect as much revenue as possible through taxation to fund the government expenditures. Low levels of corruption, preferable zero and higher tax collections, can boost a country's economic growth and development by creating jobs and increasing economic activity, which leads to economic growth. South Africa is one of the economies that are characterised by high levels of corruption. For South Africa to attract more foreign investors in the country, it should ensure that resources are used efficiently and that any act of corruption is punished. This study looked at the effects of taxation and corruption on economic growth from 1975 to 2019. An econometric analysis technique was used in the study to test the impact of taxation and corruption on economic growth. The augmented Dickey–Fuller method was used to test for unit root. According to the results of the tests, unit root l(1) is rejected in favour of the stationarity alternative. The empirical analysis used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration advocated by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) to examine for the longrun equilibrium among taxation and corruption on economic growth. The Wald causality test was also used to investigate the causal relationship between taxation, corruption, and economic growth. According to the Bounds test results, there is long-run co-integrating positive relationship between trade openness and GDP, gross capital formation, Corruption, and income taxation. Furthermore, when dependent variable was tested for longrun impact, the results confirmed that taxation and corruption have insignificant impact on economic growth. Trade openness, as a percentage of GDP, has insignificant positive relationship with economic growth in South Africa. Gross Capital Formation, as a percentage of GDP, is positively related to economic growth. Furthermore, short-run findings suggest a positive significant relationship between trade openness as a percentage of Gross domestic product. Corruption and income taxation have negative and insignificant effect on GDP in the short term. Furthermore, GDP and gross capital formation have negative relationship. V Government should also encourage the culture of transparency and accountability as far as corruption is concerned to stimulate economic growth. This will also create a culture where government officials are called upon to explain their government expenditure patterns and be held accountable for any misuse of any funds flowing into the country. , Thesis (MCom)-- Faculty of Business and Economic Science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Rabinda, Aluwani Malvin
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Taxation , Corrupt practices , Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59832 , vital:62444
- Description: Developing countries, such as South Africa, have been on a mission to reduce corruption, particularly in the public sector, and to collect as much revenue as possible through taxation to fund the government expenditures. Low levels of corruption, preferable zero and higher tax collections, can boost a country's economic growth and development by creating jobs and increasing economic activity, which leads to economic growth. South Africa is one of the economies that are characterised by high levels of corruption. For South Africa to attract more foreign investors in the country, it should ensure that resources are used efficiently and that any act of corruption is punished. This study looked at the effects of taxation and corruption on economic growth from 1975 to 2019. An econometric analysis technique was used in the study to test the impact of taxation and corruption on economic growth. The augmented Dickey–Fuller method was used to test for unit root. According to the results of the tests, unit root l(1) is rejected in favour of the stationarity alternative. The empirical analysis used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration advocated by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) to examine for the longrun equilibrium among taxation and corruption on economic growth. The Wald causality test was also used to investigate the causal relationship between taxation, corruption, and economic growth. According to the Bounds test results, there is long-run co-integrating positive relationship between trade openness and GDP, gross capital formation, Corruption, and income taxation. Furthermore, when dependent variable was tested for longrun impact, the results confirmed that taxation and corruption have insignificant impact on economic growth. Trade openness, as a percentage of GDP, has insignificant positive relationship with economic growth in South Africa. Gross Capital Formation, as a percentage of GDP, is positively related to economic growth. Furthermore, short-run findings suggest a positive significant relationship between trade openness as a percentage of Gross domestic product. Corruption and income taxation have negative and insignificant effect on GDP in the short term. Furthermore, GDP and gross capital formation have negative relationship. V Government should also encourage the culture of transparency and accountability as far as corruption is concerned to stimulate economic growth. This will also create a culture where government officials are called upon to explain their government expenditure patterns and be held accountable for any misuse of any funds flowing into the country. , Thesis (MCom)-- Faculty of Business and Economic Science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The Influence of authentic leadership on the workplace safety culture in the tyre industry of South Africa
- Authors: Gallant, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Authentic leadership , Work environment, tyre industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59403 , vital:62078
- Description: The lost-time injury rate in the South African automotive industry is higher than one per million (Harmony, 2010:2). Other manufacturing and construction industries have embarked on safety programmes to ensure awareness amongst their workers. The leaders in industry should have a significant influence to steer the safety culture in the automotive industry. This study examined the relationship between Authentic leadership and a safety Culture in the tyre industry of South Africa. The purpose of the study was to increase the workplace safety culture in the South African tyre manufacturing industry by investigating whether the implementation of an authentic leadership programs would positively influence workplace culture. An exploratory study used a quantitative research design involving an email survey to examine the relationship between Authentic Leadership and Safety Culture. Authentic leadership and the safety climate were assessed using the Norwegian Offshore Risk and Safety Climate Inventory (NORSC), the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, and the questionnaire from Fulele and Kadam. Seven safety climate dimensions were mapped onto the questionnaire. The data from the questionnaire were analysed using STATISTICA software. According to respondents there is a very strong relationship between Authentic Leadership and the implantation of OHSA standards in the tyre industry in South Africa. In addition, respondents rated their management’s implementation of the organisation’s safety routines highly. There was a high level of motivation among respondents to act in a safe manner. The motivation of workers to work safety is also strong related to authentic leadership. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Gallant, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Authentic leadership , Work environment, tyre industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59403 , vital:62078
- Description: The lost-time injury rate in the South African automotive industry is higher than one per million (Harmony, 2010:2). Other manufacturing and construction industries have embarked on safety programmes to ensure awareness amongst their workers. The leaders in industry should have a significant influence to steer the safety culture in the automotive industry. This study examined the relationship between Authentic leadership and a safety Culture in the tyre industry of South Africa. The purpose of the study was to increase the workplace safety culture in the South African tyre manufacturing industry by investigating whether the implementation of an authentic leadership programs would positively influence workplace culture. An exploratory study used a quantitative research design involving an email survey to examine the relationship between Authentic Leadership and Safety Culture. Authentic leadership and the safety climate were assessed using the Norwegian Offshore Risk and Safety Climate Inventory (NORSC), the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, and the questionnaire from Fulele and Kadam. Seven safety climate dimensions were mapped onto the questionnaire. The data from the questionnaire were analysed using STATISTICA software. According to respondents there is a very strong relationship between Authentic Leadership and the implantation of OHSA standards in the tyre industry in South Africa. In addition, respondents rated their management’s implementation of the organisation’s safety routines highly. There was a high level of motivation among respondents to act in a safe manner. The motivation of workers to work safety is also strong related to authentic leadership. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12