An investigation into the use of weather type models in the teaching of South African climatology at senior secondary school level
- Authors: Schürmann, Leon
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Climatology -- Study and teaching (Secondary) , Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2009 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015948
- Description: The synoptic chart encodes climatological and meteorological information in a highly abstract manner. The pupil's level of cognitive development, the nature of the syllabus and the teaching strategies employed by the geography teacher influence the pupil's conceptualisation of information. The synoptic chart is a valuable tool for consolidating the content of the S.A climatology syllabus. Recent research has established that climatology-meteorology, and especially synoptic chart reading and interpretation, is difficult for the concrete thinker. These pupils find difficulty in visualising the weather processes and systems. Provided that they are simple and clear, models are useful teaching devices that integrate and generalise information in a manner that is easily retrievable. The intention of the author is to provide weather type models and other supporting strategies and aids as a means to improve the senior secondary pupil's assimilation of southern African climatological-meteorological information. This model-based approach is tested in the classroom using an action research framework to judge its efficacy. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Schürmann, Leon
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Climatology -- Study and teaching (Secondary) , Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2009 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015948
- Description: The synoptic chart encodes climatological and meteorological information in a highly abstract manner. The pupil's level of cognitive development, the nature of the syllabus and the teaching strategies employed by the geography teacher influence the pupil's conceptualisation of information. The synoptic chart is a valuable tool for consolidating the content of the S.A climatology syllabus. Recent research has established that climatology-meteorology, and especially synoptic chart reading and interpretation, is difficult for the concrete thinker. These pupils find difficulty in visualising the weather processes and systems. Provided that they are simple and clear, models are useful teaching devices that integrate and generalise information in a manner that is easily retrievable. The intention of the author is to provide weather type models and other supporting strategies and aids as a means to improve the senior secondary pupil's assimilation of southern African climatological-meteorological information. This model-based approach is tested in the classroom using an action research framework to judge its efficacy. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Analyzing communication flow and process placement in Linda programs on transputers
- De-Heer-Menlah, Frederick Kofi
- Authors: De-Heer-Menlah, Frederick Kofi
- Date: 1992 , 2012-11-28
- Subjects: LINDA (Computer system) , Transputers , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4675 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006698 , LINDA (Computer system) , Transputers , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Description: With the evolution of parallel and distributed systems, users from diverse disciplines have looked to these systems as a solution to their ever increasing needs for computer processing resources. Because parallel processing systems currently require a high level of expertise to program, many researchers are investing effort into developing programming approaches which hide some of the difficulties of parallel programming from users. Linda, is one such parallel paradigm, which is intuitive to use, and which provides a high level decoupling between distributable components of parallel programs. In Linda, efficiency becomes a concern of the implementation rather than of the programmer. There is a substantial overhead in implementing Linda, an inherently shared memory model on a distributed system. This thesis describes the compile-time analysis of tuple space interactions which reduce the run-time matching costs, and permits the distributon of the tuple space data. A language independent module which partitions the tuple space data and suggests appropriate storage schemes for the partitions so as to optimise Linda operations is presented. The thesis also discusses hiding the network topology from the user by automatically allocating Linda processes and tuple space partitons to nodes in the network of transputers. This is done by introducing a fast placement algorithm developed for Linda. , KMBT_223
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: De-Heer-Menlah, Frederick Kofi
- Date: 1992 , 2012-11-28
- Subjects: LINDA (Computer system) , Transputers , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4675 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006698 , LINDA (Computer system) , Transputers , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Description: With the evolution of parallel and distributed systems, users from diverse disciplines have looked to these systems as a solution to their ever increasing needs for computer processing resources. Because parallel processing systems currently require a high level of expertise to program, many researchers are investing effort into developing programming approaches which hide some of the difficulties of parallel programming from users. Linda, is one such parallel paradigm, which is intuitive to use, and which provides a high level decoupling between distributable components of parallel programs. In Linda, efficiency becomes a concern of the implementation rather than of the programmer. There is a substantial overhead in implementing Linda, an inherently shared memory model on a distributed system. This thesis describes the compile-time analysis of tuple space interactions which reduce the run-time matching costs, and permits the distributon of the tuple space data. A language independent module which partitions the tuple space data and suggests appropriate storage schemes for the partitions so as to optimise Linda operations is presented. The thesis also discusses hiding the network topology from the user by automatically allocating Linda processes and tuple space partitons to nodes in the network of transputers. This is done by introducing a fast placement algorithm developed for Linda. , KMBT_223
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Applicability of the SERVQUAL instrument under South African conditions : an assessment of four situations
- Authors: Pitt, Leyland Frederick
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: SERVQUAL instrument , Customer service , Measurement , Service quality , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1160 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001627
- Description: On-going research in recent years has shown quality of product and service, as perceived by customer, relative to competition, to be the single most important factor contributing to organizational well-being. Quality of product and service also presents one of the most significant opportunities for corporate differentiation. A major requirement for the successful management of quality is therefore effective measurement. In the case of physical goods, progress has been made over a long period. However, in the case of services, real advances have only occurred within the past decade. The importance of service quality is also highlighted by the fact that most businesses today are losing customers due to its inadequacy, rather than poor products. Indeed, from the customer's point of view, services and products probably do not exist in a dichotomy, but, rather, along a spectrum. Therefore, the measurement of service quality is critical, not only in traditional service organizations, but in manufacturing situations as well. The development of the SERVQUAL questionnaire in 1988, offered researchers, perhaps for the first time, an apparently reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of service quality. However, to date the instrument has not been subjected to rigorous testing for reliability and validity in South Africa, across a range of service organizations, within a typology. In this study, the SERVQUAL instrument was used to measure service quality across a range of firms within the Larsson-Bowen contingency framework, under South African conditions. Its main objectives were to assess its reliability and validity in these circumstances. It was found that SERVQUAL performed well across all organizations within the Larsson-Bowen framework, under South African conditions, with regard to reliability, convergent and nomological validity. Its construct validity proved to be less sound, and it was not found to possess discriminant validity. It is suggested that this is less attributable to South African circumstances than to the nature of the organizations. In cases of low diversity of demand, the instrument appears to capture the essence of service quality less effectively. Means of overcoming this in future studies are suggested, as well as other directions for research in the area of service quality measurement
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Pitt, Leyland Frederick
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: SERVQUAL instrument , Customer service , Measurement , Service quality , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1160 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001627
- Description: On-going research in recent years has shown quality of product and service, as perceived by customer, relative to competition, to be the single most important factor contributing to organizational well-being. Quality of product and service also presents one of the most significant opportunities for corporate differentiation. A major requirement for the successful management of quality is therefore effective measurement. In the case of physical goods, progress has been made over a long period. However, in the case of services, real advances have only occurred within the past decade. The importance of service quality is also highlighted by the fact that most businesses today are losing customers due to its inadequacy, rather than poor products. Indeed, from the customer's point of view, services and products probably do not exist in a dichotomy, but, rather, along a spectrum. Therefore, the measurement of service quality is critical, not only in traditional service organizations, but in manufacturing situations as well. The development of the SERVQUAL questionnaire in 1988, offered researchers, perhaps for the first time, an apparently reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of service quality. However, to date the instrument has not been subjected to rigorous testing for reliability and validity in South Africa, across a range of service organizations, within a typology. In this study, the SERVQUAL instrument was used to measure service quality across a range of firms within the Larsson-Bowen contingency framework, under South African conditions. Its main objectives were to assess its reliability and validity in these circumstances. It was found that SERVQUAL performed well across all organizations within the Larsson-Bowen framework, under South African conditions, with regard to reliability, convergent and nomological validity. Its construct validity proved to be less sound, and it was not found to possess discriminant validity. It is suggested that this is less attributable to South African circumstances than to the nature of the organizations. In cases of low diversity of demand, the instrument appears to capture the essence of service quality less effectively. Means of overcoming this in future studies are suggested, as well as other directions for research in the area of service quality measurement
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Aspects of fuzzy spaces with special reference to cardinality, dimension, and order-homomorphisms
- Authors: Lubczonok, Pawel
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Fuzzy sets Topological spaces
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5399 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005213
- Description: Aspects of fuzzy vector spaces and fuzzy groups are investigated, including linear independence, basis, dimension, group order, finitely generated groups and cyclic groups. It was necessary to consider cardinality of fuzzy sets and related issues, which included a question of ways in which to define functions between fuzzy sets. Among the results proved, are the additivity property of dimension for fuzzy vector spaces, Lagrange's Theorem for fuzzy groups ( the existing version of this theorem does not take fuzziness into account at all), a compactness property of finitely generated fuzzy groups and an extension of an earlier result on the order-homomorphisms. An open question is posed with regard to the existence of a basis for an arbitrary fuzzy vector space.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Lubczonok, Pawel
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Fuzzy sets Topological spaces
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5399 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005213
- Description: Aspects of fuzzy vector spaces and fuzzy groups are investigated, including linear independence, basis, dimension, group order, finitely generated groups and cyclic groups. It was necessary to consider cardinality of fuzzy sets and related issues, which included a question of ways in which to define functions between fuzzy sets. Among the results proved, are the additivity property of dimension for fuzzy vector spaces, Lagrange's Theorem for fuzzy groups ( the existing version of this theorem does not take fuzziness into account at all), a compactness property of finitely generated fuzzy groups and an extension of an earlier result on the order-homomorphisms. An open question is posed with regard to the existence of a basis for an arbitrary fuzzy vector space.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Aspects of the biology of two inshore sparid fishes (Diplodus sargus capensis and Diplodus cervinus hottentotus) off the south-east coast of South Africa
- Authors: Mann, Bruce Quintin
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Sparidae , Diplodus
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5222 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005065 , Sparidae , Diplodus
- Description: The blacktail, Diplodus sargus capensis and the zebra, Diplodus cervinus hottentotus, sparid fishes endemic to South Africa, are important components of the recreational shore-fishery. To provide a basis for the management of these fish, aspects of the biology of both species were investigated in the Tsitsikamma National Park (TNP). In particular, the role of the TNP was evaluated as a management option for the conservation of both species. Examination of stomach contents showed that juveniles of both species fed predominantly on amphipods, polychaetes and harpacticoid copepods. Adult !h. sargus were omnivorous and fed opportunistically on a wide variety of reef associated invertebrates and algae including echinoids, polychaetes, anthozoans, ascidians and rhodophytes. The diet of adult D. cervinus was more specialized with a preference shown for polychaetes and amphipods. Seasonal differences were apparent in the diets of both species where considerably more amphipods were consumed in winter than in summer. Feeding requirements of both species were reflected in their habitat preferences. Visual underwater assessment revealed that both species were most abundant on turbulent inshore reefs (1-10m). !h. sargus were observed over a wide variety of reef associated habitats. In the literature they have also been recorded in the surf zone of sandy beaches and in the lower reaches of estuaries. !h. cervinus, on the other hand, were more specific in their habitat requirements and were observed in greatest abundance on inshore reefs, often in close association with caves or overhangs. A comparison between the relative abundance and size structure of both species in the TNP with that of an exploited area immediately adjacent to the reserve, showed no significant differences. This was attributed to the low level of exploitation by rock-and-surf anglers occurring in the exploited study area, as well as the possibility of seeding of eggs and larvae, or emigration of adults from the TNP. An investigation of the reproductive biology of both fish showed that !h. sargus had an extended summer spawning season while in !h. cervi nus it was more restricted. Detailed histological examination of gonadal development showed that !h. sarqus were dygynous with partial protandry occuring in the male population. ~ cervinus were shown to be rudimentary hermaphrodites. Size at 50% maturity in ~ sargus and ~ cervinus was determined at 225 and 285mm fork length respectively, corresponding to ages of 4 and 6 years. An age and growth study based on the examination of sectioned otoliths showed that both species were slow growing capable of reaching ages in excess of 20 years. Growth in ~ sargus and ~ cervinus was described by the von Bertalanffy growth equations: L(t) = 309.44(1-e-0 . 247[t+l. 048 l) and L(t) = 396.85(1-e-0.146[t+2.148J) respectively. Life history characteristics of D. sargus and D. cervinus including slow growth, late maturation and occupation of a localised, demersal habitat showed that both species were vulnerable to the effects of over-fishing. Due to the present increase in the number of participants and the decrease in catch per unit effort in the recreational shore-fishery, more stringent management recommendations were proposed to ensure the adequate protection of both species. These included an increased minimum size limit and a decreased bag limit for both species. Based on the residency shown by both species and their high relative abundance in the TNP, marine reserves were considered to be a valuable addition to the suite of management options available for the conservation of these species . In this respect the reserve provided both protection for the spawner stock as well as the potential to seed adjacent areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Mann, Bruce Quintin
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Sparidae , Diplodus
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5222 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005065 , Sparidae , Diplodus
- Description: The blacktail, Diplodus sargus capensis and the zebra, Diplodus cervinus hottentotus, sparid fishes endemic to South Africa, are important components of the recreational shore-fishery. To provide a basis for the management of these fish, aspects of the biology of both species were investigated in the Tsitsikamma National Park (TNP). In particular, the role of the TNP was evaluated as a management option for the conservation of both species. Examination of stomach contents showed that juveniles of both species fed predominantly on amphipods, polychaetes and harpacticoid copepods. Adult !h. sargus were omnivorous and fed opportunistically on a wide variety of reef associated invertebrates and algae including echinoids, polychaetes, anthozoans, ascidians and rhodophytes. The diet of adult D. cervinus was more specialized with a preference shown for polychaetes and amphipods. Seasonal differences were apparent in the diets of both species where considerably more amphipods were consumed in winter than in summer. Feeding requirements of both species were reflected in their habitat preferences. Visual underwater assessment revealed that both species were most abundant on turbulent inshore reefs (1-10m). !h. sargus were observed over a wide variety of reef associated habitats. In the literature they have also been recorded in the surf zone of sandy beaches and in the lower reaches of estuaries. !h. cervinus, on the other hand, were more specific in their habitat requirements and were observed in greatest abundance on inshore reefs, often in close association with caves or overhangs. A comparison between the relative abundance and size structure of both species in the TNP with that of an exploited area immediately adjacent to the reserve, showed no significant differences. This was attributed to the low level of exploitation by rock-and-surf anglers occurring in the exploited study area, as well as the possibility of seeding of eggs and larvae, or emigration of adults from the TNP. An investigation of the reproductive biology of both fish showed that !h. sargus had an extended summer spawning season while in !h. cervi nus it was more restricted. Detailed histological examination of gonadal development showed that !h. sarqus were dygynous with partial protandry occuring in the male population. ~ cervinus were shown to be rudimentary hermaphrodites. Size at 50% maturity in ~ sargus and ~ cervinus was determined at 225 and 285mm fork length respectively, corresponding to ages of 4 and 6 years. An age and growth study based on the examination of sectioned otoliths showed that both species were slow growing capable of reaching ages in excess of 20 years. Growth in ~ sargus and ~ cervinus was described by the von Bertalanffy growth equations: L(t) = 309.44(1-e-0 . 247[t+l. 048 l) and L(t) = 396.85(1-e-0.146[t+2.148J) respectively. Life history characteristics of D. sargus and D. cervinus including slow growth, late maturation and occupation of a localised, demersal habitat showed that both species were vulnerable to the effects of over-fishing. Due to the present increase in the number of participants and the decrease in catch per unit effort in the recreational shore-fishery, more stringent management recommendations were proposed to ensure the adequate protection of both species. These included an increased minimum size limit and a decreased bag limit for both species. Based on the residency shown by both species and their high relative abundance in the TNP, marine reserves were considered to be a valuable addition to the suite of management options available for the conservation of these species . In this respect the reserve provided both protection for the spawner stock as well as the potential to seed adjacent areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Assessment of the profit sharing schemes
- NUM
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149616 , vital:38869
- Description: In 1991 and 1992, the NUM accepted basic wage Increases on the gold mines that were far below the annual Inflation rate because of the crisis in the industry. The priority of the union was to preserve employment. But this left the door wide open for rich mines (like Kloof, Elandsrand and Vaal Reefs) to hide behind the low increases that are set in the Chamber negotiations at levels that Freegold, Buffelsfontein and marginal mines can live with. The NUM decided that workers need a way of adding more money onto their wages If the mines can afford to pay more.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149616 , vital:38869
- Description: In 1991 and 1992, the NUM accepted basic wage Increases on the gold mines that were far below the annual Inflation rate because of the crisis in the industry. The priority of the union was to preserve employment. But this left the door wide open for rich mines (like Kloof, Elandsrand and Vaal Reefs) to hide behind the low increases that are set in the Chamber negotiations at levels that Freegold, Buffelsfontein and marginal mines can live with. The NUM decided that workers need a way of adding more money onto their wages If the mines can afford to pay more.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Benthic assemblage structure, and the feeding biology of sixteen macroinvertebrate taxa from the Buffalo River, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Palmer, Carolyn Gay
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Aquatic invertebrates -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Benthos -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5646 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005328
- Description: The River continuum concept (RCC) (Vannote et al. 1980) attempted to provide a unifying theory of river function. The Functional Feeding Group (FFG) concept (Cummins 1973, 1974) became a major component of the RCC. The FFG concept provides testable hypotheses about the changes in proportions of FFGs along a downstream gradient in a river, in response to the changing nature of food resources. The following short-comings of the FFG concept have been identified: 1) the variability of macroinvertebrate feeding, 2) problems with gut analysis as a method for assigning taxa to FFGs, and 3) inconsistent criteria defining FFGs. The objective of this study was to investigate the macroinvertebrate fauna of the Buffalo River in order to assess the applicability of aspects of the RCC and the FFG concept. The specific aims of the study were: 1) to describe the distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Buffalo River; 2) to clarify aspects of the FFG concept listed above; 3) to establish whether selected taxa could be assigned to FFGs; 4) to assess whether the proportions of different FFGs in successive reaches of a southern African river conformed to the predictions of the RCC; and 5) to test whether a functional classification is a useful alternative to a taxonomic classification. Macroinvertebrates were collected seasonally from a variety of biotopes at three sites, one each in the upper, middle and lower reaches. Riffles were sampled in summer at 16 sites. Over 100 taxa were identified and an hierarchical classification was prepared using two-way indicator species analysis. Invertebrate assemblages in the narrow headwater stream were taxonomically distinct from those of the middle/lower reaches and were not positively associated with subjectively identified biotopes. Biotopes were characterised by distinct assemblages in the wider middle/lower reaches. Sixteen abundant taxa whose feeding had not been previously investigated were selected for feeding studies, four from the headwaters and 12 from the middle/lower reaches. Methods used included gut content analysis, behavioural observations, food choice experiments and morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy. Three aspects of the functional feeding group concept were clarified. 1) Dietary variability was assessed using gut contents as an index of diet. The gut contents of both early (small) and late (large) instar larvae of all 16 taxa collected from different sites and biotopes, and in different seasons were compared using a multifactor analysis of variance. For all taxa the most consistently significant differences in gut contents were between large and small larvae. These were due to differences in the amount of material in the gut and in varying amounts of rarer dietary items. Dietary variability did not prevent taxa from being assigned to FFGs. 2) Gut content analysis satisfactorily provided basic information about the feeding biology of taxa but proved to be an inadequate single method for positively assigning taxa to FFGs. 3) Before taxa could be assigned to FFGs the definitions for some FFG categories had to be described clearly. It is suggested that the term shredder be based on the observation of shredding and a predominance of leaf fragments in the foregut. The presence of algae was not diagnostic of scrapers and a morphological basis is suggested. A morphological basis for the brusher FFG is described for the first time. All 16 taxa were assigned to FFGs. Three headwater taxa were shredders ((Goerodes caffrariae (Lepidostomatidae), Dyschimus ensifer (Pisulidae), Afronemoura spp. (Notonemouridae)) and one was a collector:brusher (Adenophlebia auriculata (Leptophlebiidae). These results were consistent with RCC predictions. All 12 of the taxa from the middle/lower reaches were filterers or collectors and this result was also consistent with RCC predictions. The Hydropsychidae, Cheumtopsyche afra and Macrostemum capense, were passive net filterers; Neurocaenis reticulatus (Tricorythidae) was a passive setal filterer; Caenidae sp. Band Pseudocloeon maculosum (Baetidae) were active filterers; caenidae sp. A, and the Baetidae, Baetis harrisoni, Centroptilum excisum and Cloeon africanum, were collector: gatherers; the Leptophlebiidae, Choroterpes elegans and Choroterpes nigrescens, were collector:brushers; and Afronurus harrisoni (Heptageniidae) was a scraper. Gut content analyses alone were insufficient to assign taxa to FFGs, but when augmented by morphological and/or behavioural data, taxa could be assigned to FFGs with confidence. In all cases the FFG designation referred to the most frequent style of feeding. N. reticulatus, A. harrisoni and A. auriculata were particularly flexible in their feeding behaviour. A functional classification of macro invertebrates in the Buffalo River was compared with a taxonomic classification. In both cases similar groups were identified, but their taxonomic and functional descriptions yielded different information. It is suggested that functional and taxonomic classifications should be viewed as complementary rather than alternative options.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Palmer, Carolyn Gay
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Aquatic invertebrates -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Benthos -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5646 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005328
- Description: The River continuum concept (RCC) (Vannote et al. 1980) attempted to provide a unifying theory of river function. The Functional Feeding Group (FFG) concept (Cummins 1973, 1974) became a major component of the RCC. The FFG concept provides testable hypotheses about the changes in proportions of FFGs along a downstream gradient in a river, in response to the changing nature of food resources. The following short-comings of the FFG concept have been identified: 1) the variability of macroinvertebrate feeding, 2) problems with gut analysis as a method for assigning taxa to FFGs, and 3) inconsistent criteria defining FFGs. The objective of this study was to investigate the macroinvertebrate fauna of the Buffalo River in order to assess the applicability of aspects of the RCC and the FFG concept. The specific aims of the study were: 1) to describe the distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Buffalo River; 2) to clarify aspects of the FFG concept listed above; 3) to establish whether selected taxa could be assigned to FFGs; 4) to assess whether the proportions of different FFGs in successive reaches of a southern African river conformed to the predictions of the RCC; and 5) to test whether a functional classification is a useful alternative to a taxonomic classification. Macroinvertebrates were collected seasonally from a variety of biotopes at three sites, one each in the upper, middle and lower reaches. Riffles were sampled in summer at 16 sites. Over 100 taxa were identified and an hierarchical classification was prepared using two-way indicator species analysis. Invertebrate assemblages in the narrow headwater stream were taxonomically distinct from those of the middle/lower reaches and were not positively associated with subjectively identified biotopes. Biotopes were characterised by distinct assemblages in the wider middle/lower reaches. Sixteen abundant taxa whose feeding had not been previously investigated were selected for feeding studies, four from the headwaters and 12 from the middle/lower reaches. Methods used included gut content analysis, behavioural observations, food choice experiments and morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy. Three aspects of the functional feeding group concept were clarified. 1) Dietary variability was assessed using gut contents as an index of diet. The gut contents of both early (small) and late (large) instar larvae of all 16 taxa collected from different sites and biotopes, and in different seasons were compared using a multifactor analysis of variance. For all taxa the most consistently significant differences in gut contents were between large and small larvae. These were due to differences in the amount of material in the gut and in varying amounts of rarer dietary items. Dietary variability did not prevent taxa from being assigned to FFGs. 2) Gut content analysis satisfactorily provided basic information about the feeding biology of taxa but proved to be an inadequate single method for positively assigning taxa to FFGs. 3) Before taxa could be assigned to FFGs the definitions for some FFG categories had to be described clearly. It is suggested that the term shredder be based on the observation of shredding and a predominance of leaf fragments in the foregut. The presence of algae was not diagnostic of scrapers and a morphological basis is suggested. A morphological basis for the brusher FFG is described for the first time. All 16 taxa were assigned to FFGs. Three headwater taxa were shredders ((Goerodes caffrariae (Lepidostomatidae), Dyschimus ensifer (Pisulidae), Afronemoura spp. (Notonemouridae)) and one was a collector:brusher (Adenophlebia auriculata (Leptophlebiidae). These results were consistent with RCC predictions. All 12 of the taxa from the middle/lower reaches were filterers or collectors and this result was also consistent with RCC predictions. The Hydropsychidae, Cheumtopsyche afra and Macrostemum capense, were passive net filterers; Neurocaenis reticulatus (Tricorythidae) was a passive setal filterer; Caenidae sp. Band Pseudocloeon maculosum (Baetidae) were active filterers; caenidae sp. A, and the Baetidae, Baetis harrisoni, Centroptilum excisum and Cloeon africanum, were collector: gatherers; the Leptophlebiidae, Choroterpes elegans and Choroterpes nigrescens, were collector:brushers; and Afronurus harrisoni (Heptageniidae) was a scraper. Gut content analyses alone were insufficient to assign taxa to FFGs, but when augmented by morphological and/or behavioural data, taxa could be assigned to FFGs with confidence. In all cases the FFG designation referred to the most frequent style of feeding. N. reticulatus, A. harrisoni and A. auriculata were particularly flexible in their feeding behaviour. A functional classification of macro invertebrates in the Buffalo River was compared with a taxonomic classification. In both cases similar groups were identified, but their taxonomic and functional descriptions yielded different information. It is suggested that functional and taxonomic classifications should be viewed as complementary rather than alternative options.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics of the macrolide antibiotic Josamycin
- Authors: Skinner, Michael Fredrick
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Antibiotics -- Bioavailability , Antibiotics -- Pharmacokinetics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3791 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003269
- Description: The investigations detailed herein have been conducted to address various aspects of the biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics of josamycin which to-date, have received little or no attention in the literature. Areas of investigation have included the selective determination of josamycin in serum and urine samples, the stability of josamycin in stored biological samples, intrinsic dissolution rates, solubility, acid and alkali stability and bioavailability and pharmacokinetics after dosing with a solution, powder and tablets. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used as the main analytical tool throughout these studies and proved to be highly versatile for the determination of josamycin in a number of different media. HPLC analysis afforded simple yet accurate determination of josamycin in samples from dissolution, solubility, tablet content and stability studies. Furthermore, the specificity afforded by HPLC was particularly useful for the separation of josamycin from degradation products formed in acid and alkali media. Since metabolites of josamycin are microbiologically active, microbiological assays do not determine the concentration solely of josamycin. An analytical method capable of the selective determination of josamycin in serum and urine samples is therefore required for the procurement of reliable bioavailability and pharmacokinetic data. HPLC affords this selectivity and a method for the selective determination of josamycin in serum and urine was successfully developed. The assay was simple yet precise, accurate and sensitive. Furthermore, it was well suited to the determination of josamycin in a large number of biological samples. Its success was largely due to the use of a solid phase extraction step using C₁₈ extraction columns, with a highly specific wash sequence followed by a phase separation step after elution from the extraction column. Chromatography was performed on a C₁₈ reversed-phase analytical column with UV detection of josamycin and internal standard at 231 nm and at 204 nm respectively using a programmable multi-wavelength detector. Only slight modification of the assay described should enable the selective determination of the metabolites of josamycin. This assay, therefore, lays the groundwork for future investigations into the pharmacokinetics of these metabolites. The re-usability of extraction columns was assessed in an attempt to reduce the cost of sample analysis. It was found that extraction columns could be used twice for the extraction of serum samples and up to four times for the extraction of urine samples. The difference between the re-usability of extraction columns for serum and urine samples was ascribed to various differences in the composition of the sample matrix. The stability of josamycin in stored serum and urine samples was also assessed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Skinner, Michael Fredrick
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Antibiotics -- Bioavailability , Antibiotics -- Pharmacokinetics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3791 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003269
- Description: The investigations detailed herein have been conducted to address various aspects of the biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics of josamycin which to-date, have received little or no attention in the literature. Areas of investigation have included the selective determination of josamycin in serum and urine samples, the stability of josamycin in stored biological samples, intrinsic dissolution rates, solubility, acid and alkali stability and bioavailability and pharmacokinetics after dosing with a solution, powder and tablets. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used as the main analytical tool throughout these studies and proved to be highly versatile for the determination of josamycin in a number of different media. HPLC analysis afforded simple yet accurate determination of josamycin in samples from dissolution, solubility, tablet content and stability studies. Furthermore, the specificity afforded by HPLC was particularly useful for the separation of josamycin from degradation products formed in acid and alkali media. Since metabolites of josamycin are microbiologically active, microbiological assays do not determine the concentration solely of josamycin. An analytical method capable of the selective determination of josamycin in serum and urine samples is therefore required for the procurement of reliable bioavailability and pharmacokinetic data. HPLC affords this selectivity and a method for the selective determination of josamycin in serum and urine was successfully developed. The assay was simple yet precise, accurate and sensitive. Furthermore, it was well suited to the determination of josamycin in a large number of biological samples. Its success was largely due to the use of a solid phase extraction step using C₁₈ extraction columns, with a highly specific wash sequence followed by a phase separation step after elution from the extraction column. Chromatography was performed on a C₁₈ reversed-phase analytical column with UV detection of josamycin and internal standard at 231 nm and at 204 nm respectively using a programmable multi-wavelength detector. Only slight modification of the assay described should enable the selective determination of the metabolites of josamycin. This assay, therefore, lays the groundwork for future investigations into the pharmacokinetics of these metabolites. The re-usability of extraction columns was assessed in an attempt to reduce the cost of sample analysis. It was found that extraction columns could be used twice for the extraction of serum samples and up to four times for the extraction of urine samples. The difference between the re-usability of extraction columns for serum and urine samples was ascribed to various differences in the composition of the sample matrix. The stability of josamycin in stored serum and urine samples was also assessed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Bosses on the attack! Workers fight back!
- NUMSA
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: Apr 1992
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112534 , vital:33604
- Description: THE bosses’ system is in crisis. In the auto, tyre, metal and motor sectors, bosses say that they can’t make enough profits. So what is their solution? They say we must help them solve their crisis - by sacrificing our jobs and wages. In every sector where NUMSA is organised the bosses are saying the same thing: "There can be no job security or moratorium on retrenchment workers must be retrenched. There can be no decent or living wage - workers must accept wage increases well below inflation (16%)." The bosses say there can be no compromise on these things if the industries are to survive. They are going ahead with their plans to restructure industries. Their aim is for fewer workers, who earn less money, to produce more for them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Apr 1992
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: Apr 1992
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112534 , vital:33604
- Description: THE bosses’ system is in crisis. In the auto, tyre, metal and motor sectors, bosses say that they can’t make enough profits. So what is their solution? They say we must help them solve their crisis - by sacrificing our jobs and wages. In every sector where NUMSA is organised the bosses are saying the same thing: "There can be no job security or moratorium on retrenchment workers must be retrenched. There can be no decent or living wage - workers must accept wage increases well below inflation (16%)." The bosses say there can be no compromise on these things if the industries are to survive. They are going ahead with their plans to restructure industries. Their aim is for fewer workers, who earn less money, to produce more for them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Apr 1992
Bosses on the attack! Workers fight back!
- NUMSA
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: Apr 1992
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113025 , vital:33689
- Description: THE bosses’ system is in crisis. In the auto, tyre, metal and motor sectors, bosses say that they can’t make enough profits. So what is their solution? They say we must help them solve their crisis - by sacrificing our jobs and wages. In every sector where NUMSA is organised the bosses are saying the same thing: "There can be no job security or moratorium on retrenchment workers must be retrenched. There can be no decent or living wage - workers must accept wage increases well below inflation (16%)." The bosses say there can be no compromise on these things if the industries are to survive. They are going ahead with their plans to restructure industries. Their aim is for fewer workers, who earn less money, to produce more for them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Apr 1992
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: Apr 1992
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113025 , vital:33689
- Description: THE bosses’ system is in crisis. In the auto, tyre, metal and motor sectors, bosses say that they can’t make enough profits. So what is their solution? They say we must help them solve their crisis - by sacrificing our jobs and wages. In every sector where NUMSA is organised the bosses are saying the same thing: "There can be no job security or moratorium on retrenchment workers must be retrenched. There can be no decent or living wage - workers must accept wage increases well below inflation (16%)." The bosses say there can be no compromise on these things if the industries are to survive. They are going ahead with their plans to restructure industries. Their aim is for fewer workers, who earn less money, to produce more for them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Apr 1992
Centralised bargaining now! - CWIU NBC OUTLINES PROGRAMME OF ACTION
- CWIU
- Authors: CWIU
- Date: May 1992
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110172 , vital:33239
- Description: Over 150 delegates from different sectors and branches of CWIU met at Wits University on 4/ 5 April to plot the way forward within the industry. This was the unions second National Bargaining Conference. The key issue at the conference was how to fight for centralised bargaining. Keynote addresses were delivered by the Acting General Secretary, Cde Muzi Buthelezi, Cde Jay Naidoo COSATU General Secretary and CWIU President, Cde Don Gumede. Cde Gumede outlined the purposes of the conference “to assess progress and problems, to plan our path in order to provide a clear programme towards centralised bargaining as a result of proper analysis”, He urged delegates “to push employers into joint employers forums to negotiate on proper wages, job creation and an end to retrenchments”. Cde Jay Naidoo addressed the conference on the burning issues of the day. He spoke about VAT, the National Economic Negotiating Forum, trade union unity and CODESA. Cde Naidoo stressed that future economic and political policies must be formulated on the basis of daily and immediate issues facing the working people.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: May 1992
- Authors: CWIU
- Date: May 1992
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110172 , vital:33239
- Description: Over 150 delegates from different sectors and branches of CWIU met at Wits University on 4/ 5 April to plot the way forward within the industry. This was the unions second National Bargaining Conference. The key issue at the conference was how to fight for centralised bargaining. Keynote addresses were delivered by the Acting General Secretary, Cde Muzi Buthelezi, Cde Jay Naidoo COSATU General Secretary and CWIU President, Cde Don Gumede. Cde Gumede outlined the purposes of the conference “to assess progress and problems, to plan our path in order to provide a clear programme towards centralised bargaining as a result of proper analysis”, He urged delegates “to push employers into joint employers forums to negotiate on proper wages, job creation and an end to retrenchments”. Cde Jay Naidoo addressed the conference on the burning issues of the day. He spoke about VAT, the National Economic Negotiating Forum, trade union unity and CODESA. Cde Naidoo stressed that future economic and political policies must be formulated on the basis of daily and immediate issues facing the working people.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: May 1992
Chemical and spectroscopic studies of chromone derivatives
- Authors: Davidson, Deborah Nicole
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Chromatophores Plant pigments Asthma -- Treatment -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4420 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006857
- Description: Various chromone derivatives have been used in asthma therapy, and their biological activity is apparently related to certain chemical features which include conformation and acidity. In the present study, substituent effects on conformation and acidity have been explored in chromone systems with potential biological activity. A range of variously substituted symmetrical chromone-2-carboxamides (including a series of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides) have been prepared via chromone-2-carboxylic acids, which, in turn, were prepared from the corresponding o-hydroxyacetophenones. The N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides were prepared by reacting the appropriate chromone-2-carbonyl chlorides with dimethylammonium chloride in pyridine, in an approach which resolved various problems encountered in the preparation of these compounds. Substituent effects on the conformation of chromone-2-carboxamides have been explored using dynamic NMR spectroscopy, and the observed splitting of the N-alkyl signals has been attributed to slow site-exchange of the N-alkyl substituents. Dynamic NMR frequency separations and coalescence temperatures have been used to calculate rotational energy barriers, and substituent effects on these rotational energy barriers have been analysed. The possible implication of ring-opening of chromones in chromone pharmacology has also been examined. A range of 3-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)acrylamides has been prepared via the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides and the E-double-bond configuration of the ring-opened products has been unambiguously established by single crystal analysis of the parent system. The configuration and conformation of the crystal structure of the parent system have been shown, using IR and NMR spectroscopic, and molecular graphics techniques, to be maintained in solution and to characterise the whole series. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy have also been used to study the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of disodium cromoglycate. The kinetics of the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides have been studied using UV spectroscopy. These reactions have been shown to follow third-order kinetics overall and a mechanism accommodating the observed third-order kinetics has been proposed. Substituent effects have been further investigated by the potentiometric determination of the pKa (pK [subscript a]) values for a series of chromone-2-carboxylic acids. The relationship between acidity and the observed rate constants has been explored and has verified that the observed rate constants are sensitive to the influence of meta-substituents on the stability of the phenoxide ion "leaving group" rather than C-2 electrophilicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Davidson, Deborah Nicole
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Chromatophores Plant pigments Asthma -- Treatment -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4420 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006857
- Description: Various chromone derivatives have been used in asthma therapy, and their biological activity is apparently related to certain chemical features which include conformation and acidity. In the present study, substituent effects on conformation and acidity have been explored in chromone systems with potential biological activity. A range of variously substituted symmetrical chromone-2-carboxamides (including a series of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides) have been prepared via chromone-2-carboxylic acids, which, in turn, were prepared from the corresponding o-hydroxyacetophenones. The N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides were prepared by reacting the appropriate chromone-2-carbonyl chlorides with dimethylammonium chloride in pyridine, in an approach which resolved various problems encountered in the preparation of these compounds. Substituent effects on the conformation of chromone-2-carboxamides have been explored using dynamic NMR spectroscopy, and the observed splitting of the N-alkyl signals has been attributed to slow site-exchange of the N-alkyl substituents. Dynamic NMR frequency separations and coalescence temperatures have been used to calculate rotational energy barriers, and substituent effects on these rotational energy barriers have been analysed. The possible implication of ring-opening of chromones in chromone pharmacology has also been examined. A range of 3-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)acrylamides has been prepared via the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides and the E-double-bond configuration of the ring-opened products has been unambiguously established by single crystal analysis of the parent system. The configuration and conformation of the crystal structure of the parent system have been shown, using IR and NMR spectroscopic, and molecular graphics techniques, to be maintained in solution and to characterise the whole series. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy have also been used to study the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of disodium cromoglycate. The kinetics of the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides have been studied using UV spectroscopy. These reactions have been shown to follow third-order kinetics overall and a mechanism accommodating the observed third-order kinetics has been proposed. Substituent effects have been further investigated by the potentiometric determination of the pKa (pK [subscript a]) values for a series of chromone-2-carboxylic acids. The relationship between acidity and the observed rate constants has been explored and has verified that the observed rate constants are sensitive to the influence of meta-substituents on the stability of the phenoxide ion "leaving group" rather than C-2 electrophilicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Chibhudhu
- Venancio Mbande and his Chopi timbila xylophone group, Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Venancio Mbande and his Chopi timbila xylophone group , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Chopi (African people) -- South Africa , Folk music , Xylophone music , Rattle (Musical instrument) , Drum (Musical instrument) , Africa South Africa Rustenburg f-sa
- Language: Chopi
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , Sound recording material
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/96471 , vital:31283 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC049b-02
- Description: Traditional dance song accompanied by timbila xylophone rattles and one drum
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Venancio Mbande and his Chopi timbila xylophone group , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Chopi (African people) -- South Africa , Folk music , Xylophone music , Rattle (Musical instrument) , Drum (Musical instrument) , Africa South Africa Rustenburg f-sa
- Language: Chopi
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , Sound recording material
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/96471 , vital:31283 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC049b-02
- Description: Traditional dance song accompanied by timbila xylophone rattles and one drum
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1992
Complete regularity and related concepts in L-uniform spaces
- Authors: Harnett, Rait Sicklen
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Uniform spaces , Mathematics -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5403 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005217 , Uniform spaces , Mathematics -- Research
- Description: L will denote a completely distributive lattice with an order reversing involution. The concept of an L-uniform space is introduced. An extension theorem concerning L-uniformly continuous functions is proved. A characterisation of L-uniformizability, involving L-complete regularity is given. With respect to L--completely regular spaces it is shown that the topological modification of an L-completely regular space is completely regular. Furthermore it is shown that the topologically generated L-topology of a completely regular space is L-completely regular.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Harnett, Rait Sicklen
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Uniform spaces , Mathematics -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5403 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005217 , Uniform spaces , Mathematics -- Research
- Description: L will denote a completely distributive lattice with an order reversing involution. The concept of an L-uniform space is introduced. An extension theorem concerning L-uniformly continuous functions is proved. A characterisation of L-uniformizability, involving L-complete regularity is given. With respect to L--completely regular spaces it is shown that the topological modification of an L-completely regular space is completely regular. Furthermore it is shown that the topologically generated L-topology of a completely regular space is L-completely regular.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Dance and sexual politics some implications of the status of women in selected dance forms
- Authors: Poona, Sobhna Keshavelal
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Dance -- Social aspects , Sex discrimination against women
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2145 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002377 , Dance -- Social aspects , Sex discrimination against women
- Description: This thesis explores, from a feminist perspective, some implications on the status of women in selected dance forms, and addresses the perceptions of women as 'inferior' and 'subordinate'. One of the intentions behind the work was, indeed, to challenge prevailing perceptions and create an awareness of sexism, capitalism and patriarchy, especially for the uncritical and uninformed who have become its victims. Part 1 offers an analysis of the premises upon which social, political and economic inequality are founded and consolidated, with specific reference to sexual inequality and sexual prejudice. Utilising a Marxist-feminist and semiotic approach, the machinations of the traditional mass media are linked to negative imaging of the female body in support of the sexist, patriarchal, capitalist male manipulator, who benefits from women's subordinate social status. Part 2 addresses the issue of sexual politics, and the implications for dance research and performance. The researcher offers a descriptive analysis of four specific dance forms, which serve to highlight the socialisation and educational processes that shape our perceptions and instruct our lives. A set of questionnaires was sent to fourteen autonomous dance institutions, including those attached to national performing arts councils. The thesis concludes with a summary of the results of the questionnaires that were distributed amongst female dancers, dance students and choreographers. The researcher questions our culture's preoccupation with the female body image, and posits the urgent need for an assessment of this situation, and an education which will create a better understanding and a more harmonious climate for development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Poona, Sobhna Keshavelal
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Dance -- Social aspects , Sex discrimination against women
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2145 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002377 , Dance -- Social aspects , Sex discrimination against women
- Description: This thesis explores, from a feminist perspective, some implications on the status of women in selected dance forms, and addresses the perceptions of women as 'inferior' and 'subordinate'. One of the intentions behind the work was, indeed, to challenge prevailing perceptions and create an awareness of sexism, capitalism and patriarchy, especially for the uncritical and uninformed who have become its victims. Part 1 offers an analysis of the premises upon which social, political and economic inequality are founded and consolidated, with specific reference to sexual inequality and sexual prejudice. Utilising a Marxist-feminist and semiotic approach, the machinations of the traditional mass media are linked to negative imaging of the female body in support of the sexist, patriarchal, capitalist male manipulator, who benefits from women's subordinate social status. Part 2 addresses the issue of sexual politics, and the implications for dance research and performance. The researcher offers a descriptive analysis of four specific dance forms, which serve to highlight the socialisation and educational processes that shape our perceptions and instruct our lives. A set of questionnaires was sent to fourteen autonomous dance institutions, including those attached to national performing arts councils. The thesis concludes with a summary of the results of the questionnaires that were distributed amongst female dancers, dance students and choreographers. The researcher questions our culture's preoccupation with the female body image, and posits the urgent need for an assessment of this situation, and an education which will create a better understanding and a more harmonious climate for development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Developing a problem solving approach to primary mathematics teaching: a case study
- Authors: Naidoo, Anandhavelli
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) Problem solving -- Study and teaching (Elementary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1493 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003374
- Description: According to recent research a focus in teaching mathematics to children is the development of problem solving abilities. Problem solving means the process of applying mathematical knowledge and skills to unfamiliar situations. A case study was done using a problem solving approach to the learning and teaching of mathematics with a sample of teachers registered at the Umlazi College For Further Education. These teachers were familiar with the traditional approach of teaching mathematics through drill and practice methods. The new syllabus that is to be implemented emphasises a problem solving approach to the teaching of mathematics. This study set out to implement a problem solving approach with primary school mathematics teachers so that they would be someway prepared for the innovations of the new syllabus. Workshops were conducted using an action research approach with discourse and practice leading to reconstruction with improvements. Early theorists like Piaget and Bruner offered ways of understanding children's learning, to help the teacher develop his teaching. Dienes introduced an element of play and Dewey spoke of the importance of experience. Dienes and Dewey show the first positive signs of recognising the importance of social interaction in the learning situation. Social interaction lays emphasis on language and discussion in the mathematics classroom. A social constructivist model of teaching and learning was used for the research. This research includes a study of the established ideas on developing a problem solving approach to mathematics teaching. These ideas were incorporated into the workshops that the group of teachers attended. During the workshops teachers were gradually exposed to the essence of problem solving techniques through much group discussion and doing practical exercises, which they could then implement in their classes. The teachers reported back at each subsequent workshop. A non-participant observer evaluated the development at the workshops. The workshops' success was evident from the change in the teachers' attitudes and behaviour as well as their feedback of what transpired in the classroom. They reported on the change in their roles as information suppliers to facilitators where the thinking process was focused on, rather than the importance of a correct answer. In the workshops the teachers themselves moved from passive listeners to active participants. It would appear from this preliminary investigation that through using a problem solving approach in workshops, inservice teachers can benefit constructively from this approach and will attempt to use it in their own teaching.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Naidoo, Anandhavelli
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) Problem solving -- Study and teaching (Elementary)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1493 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003374
- Description: According to recent research a focus in teaching mathematics to children is the development of problem solving abilities. Problem solving means the process of applying mathematical knowledge and skills to unfamiliar situations. A case study was done using a problem solving approach to the learning and teaching of mathematics with a sample of teachers registered at the Umlazi College For Further Education. These teachers were familiar with the traditional approach of teaching mathematics through drill and practice methods. The new syllabus that is to be implemented emphasises a problem solving approach to the teaching of mathematics. This study set out to implement a problem solving approach with primary school mathematics teachers so that they would be someway prepared for the innovations of the new syllabus. Workshops were conducted using an action research approach with discourse and practice leading to reconstruction with improvements. Early theorists like Piaget and Bruner offered ways of understanding children's learning, to help the teacher develop his teaching. Dienes introduced an element of play and Dewey spoke of the importance of experience. Dienes and Dewey show the first positive signs of recognising the importance of social interaction in the learning situation. Social interaction lays emphasis on language and discussion in the mathematics classroom. A social constructivist model of teaching and learning was used for the research. This research includes a study of the established ideas on developing a problem solving approach to mathematics teaching. These ideas were incorporated into the workshops that the group of teachers attended. During the workshops teachers were gradually exposed to the essence of problem solving techniques through much group discussion and doing practical exercises, which they could then implement in their classes. The teachers reported back at each subsequent workshop. A non-participant observer evaluated the development at the workshops. The workshops' success was evident from the change in the teachers' attitudes and behaviour as well as their feedback of what transpired in the classroom. They reported on the change in their roles as information suppliers to facilitators where the thinking process was focused on, rather than the importance of a correct answer. In the workshops the teachers themselves moved from passive listeners to active participants. It would appear from this preliminary investigation that through using a problem solving approach in workshops, inservice teachers can benefit constructively from this approach and will attempt to use it in their own teaching.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Die sosio-ekonomiese opname as instrument vir die inisiëring van 'n ontwikkelingsproses in 'n landelike gemeenskap met spesifieke verwysing na Wartburg
- Rossouw, Anthonie Michael Müller
- Authors: Rossouw, Anthonie Michael Müller
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Wartburg Social service -- South Africa -- Wartburg Social service -- Research Rural poor -- South Africa
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3280 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006475
- Description: Aim of this study. The problem of poverty, especially in rural S.A ., formed the basis for the questions and hypotheses posed in this study. Poverty stricken communities, with the accompanying suffering, the immobilizing effect of poverty and the present climate of urgent changes in S.A., were also apparent in Wartburg (study area). The problem was to initiate development in such a way that the chances of failure and therefore the wasting of already scarce resources is minimized. The manner in which development is initiated and what are viewed as desirable elements of development should culminate into achieving self-sustaining development in the long term. It became clear therefore that a complete data base needs to be established in order to initiate such a development process. In this study the aim was to investigate the role which research plays in the process of development. Method. This study can be divided into two sections, viz an investigation into the theoretical basis for achieving a self-sustaining process of development and how research should be done within such a process. Secondly, the practical application of such a theoretical basis was tested and forms the empirical section of this study. The first section was completed by undertaking a literature study. The conditions set for the development process guided the researcher increasingly to a holistic perspective, Community Development and the state of the art of Social Work Practice. The second part of this study was done through empirical research. The questionnaire method was utilized where structured interviews were conducted by properly trained field workers who were of similar cultural background as the community involved in the survey. The data was processed by using the B.M.D.P. programme and recorded in section B of this report. From section A and B of this report conclusions were drawn regarding the development process, the role research has in this process and the task of the Social Work Profession in this regard. Findings. From the theory it seemed that the state of the art regarding social Work Practice upholds a holistic perspective and views community practice and development as an important function within this perspective. It seems that a unitary approach to Social Work is increasingly becoming a reality in the pursuit of a holistic perspective as well as by stressing the importance of community practice. The integrated approach to Social Work Practice seems to collaborate with these views. The role of research is equally important to social Work Practice as it is to Community Development and should be viewed as an integral part of the Social Work Process/Practice. The empirical section of this study is a clear example of what can be achieved by a properly planned and executed research project which forms an integral part of a development process. Together with the community valuable data were drawn from the data base. These conclusions were directly employed to identify priorities and in planning specific projects. Conclusions. This study concludes, firstly, that Social Work Practice has an obvious task in the field of community development. This profession can contribute to a large extent toward making development more human and to acknowledge the importance of both man and his environment when considering development. The study also showed that research is an integral part of a development process, especially where the aim is that of a perpetuating, self-sustaining development process. In short, it seems that the Socio-economic research meets the requirements set by the aforementioned development process, but that refining seems necessary in order to make it more effective and useful as an instrument for initiating such a process of development as discussed in the above paragraphs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Rossouw, Anthonie Michael Müller
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Wartburg Social service -- South Africa -- Wartburg Social service -- Research Rural poor -- South Africa
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3280 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006475
- Description: Aim of this study. The problem of poverty, especially in rural S.A ., formed the basis for the questions and hypotheses posed in this study. Poverty stricken communities, with the accompanying suffering, the immobilizing effect of poverty and the present climate of urgent changes in S.A., were also apparent in Wartburg (study area). The problem was to initiate development in such a way that the chances of failure and therefore the wasting of already scarce resources is minimized. The manner in which development is initiated and what are viewed as desirable elements of development should culminate into achieving self-sustaining development in the long term. It became clear therefore that a complete data base needs to be established in order to initiate such a development process. In this study the aim was to investigate the role which research plays in the process of development. Method. This study can be divided into two sections, viz an investigation into the theoretical basis for achieving a self-sustaining process of development and how research should be done within such a process. Secondly, the practical application of such a theoretical basis was tested and forms the empirical section of this study. The first section was completed by undertaking a literature study. The conditions set for the development process guided the researcher increasingly to a holistic perspective, Community Development and the state of the art of Social Work Practice. The second part of this study was done through empirical research. The questionnaire method was utilized where structured interviews were conducted by properly trained field workers who were of similar cultural background as the community involved in the survey. The data was processed by using the B.M.D.P. programme and recorded in section B of this report. From section A and B of this report conclusions were drawn regarding the development process, the role research has in this process and the task of the Social Work Profession in this regard. Findings. From the theory it seemed that the state of the art regarding social Work Practice upholds a holistic perspective and views community practice and development as an important function within this perspective. It seems that a unitary approach to Social Work is increasingly becoming a reality in the pursuit of a holistic perspective as well as by stressing the importance of community practice. The integrated approach to Social Work Practice seems to collaborate with these views. The role of research is equally important to social Work Practice as it is to Community Development and should be viewed as an integral part of the Social Work Process/Practice. The empirical section of this study is a clear example of what can be achieved by a properly planned and executed research project which forms an integral part of a development process. Together with the community valuable data were drawn from the data base. These conclusions were directly employed to identify priorities and in planning specific projects. Conclusions. This study concludes, firstly, that Social Work Practice has an obvious task in the field of community development. This profession can contribute to a large extent toward making development more human and to acknowledge the importance of both man and his environment when considering development. The study also showed that research is an integral part of a development process, especially where the aim is that of a perpetuating, self-sustaining development process. In short, it seems that the Socio-economic research meets the requirements set by the aforementioned development process, but that refining seems necessary in order to make it more effective and useful as an instrument for initiating such a process of development as discussed in the above paragraphs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Domestic strategies of rural Transkeian women
- Authors: Cloete, Laura
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Rural families -- South Africa -- Transkei Women -- South Africa -- Transkei Women -- South Africa Sex role -- South Africa -- Transkei Rural women -- South Africa -- Transkei Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions Transkei (South Africa) -- Rural conditions Transkei (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2014 , vital:20247 , ISBN 0868102342
- Description: This research, originally undertaken as part of a B.A.(Honours) Degree in Anthropology, has several aims. Firstly, it aims to reveal the various community options available to women in rural Transkei for coping with their domestic activities in the face of the large-scale absence of men. It will analyse the rationale behind the choices and their consequences for the women’s workload. Secondly, this will illuminate gender and generational roles and attitudes of community members, present and absent, in the community. The focus, in this case, will be predominantly on women, however. Thirdly, and finally, this research will analyse the relationships of power between men and women, and between adults and children by examining the various influences, such as religion and education, which constrain and coerce their behaviour and attitudes. From this, we should be left with an illuminating picture of the forces under which women operate in rural Transkei; and with some insight into their behaviour and attitudes, their beliefs and aspirations and into their lives. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Cloete, Laura
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Rural families -- South Africa -- Transkei Women -- South Africa -- Transkei Women -- South Africa Sex role -- South Africa -- Transkei Rural women -- South Africa -- Transkei Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions Transkei (South Africa) -- Rural conditions Transkei (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2014 , vital:20247 , ISBN 0868102342
- Description: This research, originally undertaken as part of a B.A.(Honours) Degree in Anthropology, has several aims. Firstly, it aims to reveal the various community options available to women in rural Transkei for coping with their domestic activities in the face of the large-scale absence of men. It will analyse the rationale behind the choices and their consequences for the women’s workload. Secondly, this will illuminate gender and generational roles and attitudes of community members, present and absent, in the community. The focus, in this case, will be predominantly on women, however. Thirdly, and finally, this research will analyse the relationships of power between men and women, and between adults and children by examining the various influences, such as religion and education, which constrain and coerce their behaviour and attitudes. From this, we should be left with an illuminating picture of the forces under which women operate in rural Transkei; and with some insight into their behaviour and attitudes, their beliefs and aspirations and into their lives. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Ecological effects of impoundments in the Buffalo River, Eastern Cape, with particular reference to the distribution of blackflies (Diptera : simuliidae)
- Authors: Palmer, Robert William
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Stream ecology -- South Africa -- Buffalo River (Eastern Cape) Dipter -- South Africa -- Buffalo River (Eastern Cape)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:6028 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006157
- Description: This thesis examines the extent and intensity of the effects of impoundments on selected physical, chemical and biotic conditions in an impounded southern African river. Life-history characteristics and environmental requirements which determine the success of impoundment-outlet blackflies in southern Africa were studied. Difficulties with the identification of immature blackflies led to a search for additional diagnostic characters, the description of larvae of seven species previously unknown, and the development of new keys to the species of Simulium (larvae and pupae) in southern Africa. Distribution records for each species are presented, and their ecology is summarised. Three pairs of closely related species, which were formerly indistinguishable, can now be recognised by differences between the structure of their cephalic fan microtrichia. Monthly physical, chemical and invertebrate samples at 16 sites upstream and downstream of four impoundments in the Buffalo River, eastern Cape, were taken over a period of two years. The downstream effects of impoundments on these parameters depended on the variable examined, the position of the impoundment along the river profile, the depth from which water was released, and the quality of the inflowing water. Impoundments in the Buffalo River caused an upstream shift of the thermal and suspended organic conditions, and the distribution of blackfly species. Surface-release impoundments in the clean, upper-reaches of the river caused increases in water temperature (by as much as 8ºC) and chlorophyll a (by as much as 600%). Recovery to riverine conditions was within 2.6 to 18.4 km, depending on flow. A polluted, surface-release impoundment in the middle-reaches of the river had a slight dampening effect on river temperatures, converted the particle size spectrum of the river from small (<80 μm) to large (250-1000 μm), and improved the water quality of the downstream reaches (with the exception of nitrate concentrations, which were higher in the tailwaters compared to inflowing water). An impoundment in the lower reaches caused reductions in maximum temperature of up to 6ºC when releasing water from the surface, and up to 16ºC when releasing water from the bottom. Bottom-released water carried high concentrations (36 to 190 g m³) of small (<5 μm) and largely inorganic (86 to 93%) material.Twenty species of blackflies were found in the Buffalo River, of which 18 were distinguishable as larvae. They were divided into those which were widespread (5 taxa), those restricted to waterfalls and mountain torrents (2 taxa), those found in the foothill stony run zone (6 taxa), and rare taxa (5 taxa). Impoundments in the Buffalo River did not alter population densities of blackfly larvae, but did alter blackfly species composition, favouring five species commonly found in mid-order streams in southern Africa (s. meduseaforme, S. hargreavesi, S. nigritarse, S. adersi and s. damnosum s.l.) at the expense of upper-reach species (s. rutherfoordi, S. letabum and s. impukane). These five species are regarded as typical of impoundment-outlets, and were small, multivoltine flies whose larvae shared a generalised cephalic fan microtrichial structure, consisting of a single row of moderately differentiated microtrichia. A strong relation was found between cephalic fan microtrichial structure and larval habitats: Taxa found in fast-flowing, clear water had a more complex fan structure compared to those found in slow-flowing, turbid water. It is concluded that impoundment-induced changes to hydrodynamics and transported material (food) are important factors which have changed the distribution of blackflies in southern Africa in recent times. These changes are more severe downstream of upper-reach impoundments than middle or lower-reach impoundments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Palmer, Robert William
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Stream ecology -- South Africa -- Buffalo River (Eastern Cape) Dipter -- South Africa -- Buffalo River (Eastern Cape)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:6028 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006157
- Description: This thesis examines the extent and intensity of the effects of impoundments on selected physical, chemical and biotic conditions in an impounded southern African river. Life-history characteristics and environmental requirements which determine the success of impoundment-outlet blackflies in southern Africa were studied. Difficulties with the identification of immature blackflies led to a search for additional diagnostic characters, the description of larvae of seven species previously unknown, and the development of new keys to the species of Simulium (larvae and pupae) in southern Africa. Distribution records for each species are presented, and their ecology is summarised. Three pairs of closely related species, which were formerly indistinguishable, can now be recognised by differences between the structure of their cephalic fan microtrichia. Monthly physical, chemical and invertebrate samples at 16 sites upstream and downstream of four impoundments in the Buffalo River, eastern Cape, were taken over a period of two years. The downstream effects of impoundments on these parameters depended on the variable examined, the position of the impoundment along the river profile, the depth from which water was released, and the quality of the inflowing water. Impoundments in the Buffalo River caused an upstream shift of the thermal and suspended organic conditions, and the distribution of blackfly species. Surface-release impoundments in the clean, upper-reaches of the river caused increases in water temperature (by as much as 8ºC) and chlorophyll a (by as much as 600%). Recovery to riverine conditions was within 2.6 to 18.4 km, depending on flow. A polluted, surface-release impoundment in the middle-reaches of the river had a slight dampening effect on river temperatures, converted the particle size spectrum of the river from small (<80 μm) to large (250-1000 μm), and improved the water quality of the downstream reaches (with the exception of nitrate concentrations, which were higher in the tailwaters compared to inflowing water). An impoundment in the lower reaches caused reductions in maximum temperature of up to 6ºC when releasing water from the surface, and up to 16ºC when releasing water from the bottom. Bottom-released water carried high concentrations (36 to 190 g m³) of small (<5 μm) and largely inorganic (86 to 93%) material.Twenty species of blackflies were found in the Buffalo River, of which 18 were distinguishable as larvae. They were divided into those which were widespread (5 taxa), those restricted to waterfalls and mountain torrents (2 taxa), those found in the foothill stony run zone (6 taxa), and rare taxa (5 taxa). Impoundments in the Buffalo River did not alter population densities of blackfly larvae, but did alter blackfly species composition, favouring five species commonly found in mid-order streams in southern Africa (s. meduseaforme, S. hargreavesi, S. nigritarse, S. adersi and s. damnosum s.l.) at the expense of upper-reach species (s. rutherfoordi, S. letabum and s. impukane). These five species are regarded as typical of impoundment-outlets, and were small, multivoltine flies whose larvae shared a generalised cephalic fan microtrichial structure, consisting of a single row of moderately differentiated microtrichia. A strong relation was found between cephalic fan microtrichial structure and larval habitats: Taxa found in fast-flowing, clear water had a more complex fan structure compared to those found in slow-flowing, turbid water. It is concluded that impoundment-induced changes to hydrodynamics and transported material (food) are important factors which have changed the distribution of blackflies in southern Africa in recent times. These changes are more severe downstream of upper-reach impoundments than middle or lower-reach impoundments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Educational computing in secondary schools of the Cape Education Department: a research survey to assess computing facility acquisition and its utilization
- Authors: Bean, Pat
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Education, Secondary -- South Africa -- Data processing Education, Secondary -- South Africa -- Computer network resources Computer-assisted instruction -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1505 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003387
- Description: Secondary schools under the jurisdiction of the Cape Education Department (CED) have, over the past 10 years, been acquiring computer equipment without a national policy on educational computing in South Africa, and within only broad parameters provided by their department. The aim of this study was to determine the present status of educational computing in these schools. A literature survey on educational computing was undertaken and a number of international and local 'computers-in-schools' initiatives were elucidated. A field survey, involving all CED secondary schools (239), was initiated by sending questionnaires to principals of these schools - a return rate of 89% was achieved. The results of the research revealed that most CED secondary schools have already acquired computer facilities. The role of pressure groups such as teachers, parents, business sector etc together with other factors that might have influenced schools in acquiring their computer facilities was also investigated. The investigation also revealed where and how these facilities are being utilised: most schools use their computers for administrative functions, with the computer-as-a-tool for teachers and pupils also fast gaining ground. Computer-assisted learning activities, where the computer is integrated with subject curricula, are however still limited. The extent of both teachers' formal training in educational computing and their familiarity with different software applications were also determined. Schools were also required to indicate the areas where they experience problems in getting teachers and pupils more involved in 'computers-in-education' activities. The present educational computing position in secondary schools of the CED will have to serve as a foundation for the department's CISR Project embarked upon in 1991.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Bean, Pat
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Education, Secondary -- South Africa -- Data processing Education, Secondary -- South Africa -- Computer network resources Computer-assisted instruction -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1505 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003387
- Description: Secondary schools under the jurisdiction of the Cape Education Department (CED) have, over the past 10 years, been acquiring computer equipment without a national policy on educational computing in South Africa, and within only broad parameters provided by their department. The aim of this study was to determine the present status of educational computing in these schools. A literature survey on educational computing was undertaken and a number of international and local 'computers-in-schools' initiatives were elucidated. A field survey, involving all CED secondary schools (239), was initiated by sending questionnaires to principals of these schools - a return rate of 89% was achieved. The results of the research revealed that most CED secondary schools have already acquired computer facilities. The role of pressure groups such as teachers, parents, business sector etc together with other factors that might have influenced schools in acquiring their computer facilities was also investigated. The investigation also revealed where and how these facilities are being utilised: most schools use their computers for administrative functions, with the computer-as-a-tool for teachers and pupils also fast gaining ground. Computer-assisted learning activities, where the computer is integrated with subject curricula, are however still limited. The extent of both teachers' formal training in educational computing and their familiarity with different software applications were also determined. Schools were also required to indicate the areas where they experience problems in getting teachers and pupils more involved in 'computers-in-education' activities. The present educational computing position in secondary schools of the CED will have to serve as a foundation for the department's CISR Project embarked upon in 1991.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992