The origins, development and demise of the South African Indian Council 1964-1983 : a sociological interpretation
- Authors: Desai, Ashwin
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: South African Indian Council -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3349 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007082 , South African Indian Council -- History
- Description: It was the actions of the Congress Alliance that dominated the political activity of the dominated classes in the 1950s. Mobilising across class and colour lines, the actions of the Congress Alliance had witnessed a growing unity between the leading political organisations of the Indian, African and Coloured dominated classes. However just as quickly as it appeared, the Congress Alliance disappeared from the poitical scene, crushed by the state's repressive apparatus. The state, in order to ensure that the extra-parliamentary opposition characteristic of the 1950s did not once again re-emerge, sought to divide the dominated classes more systematically along ethnic and racial lines by creating mechanisms for the implementation of the policy of separate development. It is within this context that the Promotion of Bantu-Self-Government Act of 1959 was passed and the Coloured Persons' Representative Council (CRC) and the ' South African Indian Council (SAIC) were established. Whilst the history of Indian political organisations in the pre-1960 period has been extensively researched, no in-depth study of the SAIC has been made. Probably the main reason for this area being under-researched, has been the inability of researchers to gain access to information on the SAlC, especially of the period covering the early years of the organisation’ s existence. This study aims to fill this vacuum by utilizing in the main previously unused minutes of the SAlC from 1964 to 1977 together with numerous documents and memoranda presented to the South African government by SAlC delegations in the aforementioned period.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Desai, Ashwin
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: South African Indian Council -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3349 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007082 , South African Indian Council -- History
- Description: It was the actions of the Congress Alliance that dominated the political activity of the dominated classes in the 1950s. Mobilising across class and colour lines, the actions of the Congress Alliance had witnessed a growing unity between the leading political organisations of the Indian, African and Coloured dominated classes. However just as quickly as it appeared, the Congress Alliance disappeared from the poitical scene, crushed by the state's repressive apparatus. The state, in order to ensure that the extra-parliamentary opposition characteristic of the 1950s did not once again re-emerge, sought to divide the dominated classes more systematically along ethnic and racial lines by creating mechanisms for the implementation of the policy of separate development. It is within this context that the Promotion of Bantu-Self-Government Act of 1959 was passed and the Coloured Persons' Representative Council (CRC) and the ' South African Indian Council (SAIC) were established. Whilst the history of Indian political organisations in the pre-1960 period has been extensively researched, no in-depth study of the SAIC has been made. Probably the main reason for this area being under-researched, has been the inability of researchers to gain access to information on the SAlC, especially of the period covering the early years of the organisation’ s existence. This study aims to fill this vacuum by utilizing in the main previously unused minutes of the SAlC from 1964 to 1977 together with numerous documents and memoranda presented to the South African government by SAlC delegations in the aforementioned period.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
The P.R.O. expert system shell
- Authors: Bradshaw, John
- Date: 1987 , 2013-04-03
- Subjects: Expert systems (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4617 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006302 , Expert systems (Computer science)
- Description: This thesis reports the research which led to the development of the P.R .O. Expert System Shell. The P.R.O . System is primarily, though not exclusively , designed for use in ecological domains. In the light of two specific expert systems, The RCS (River Conservation Status) and the Aquaculture Systems, which were developed as part of this research, a number of areas of importance have been identified. The most significant of these is the need to handle uncertainty effectively. The style of knowledge representation to be implemented also plays an important role. After consulting the relevant literature and the available microcomputer expert system shells, a number of ideas have been included in the P.R.O. System. The P.R.O . System is a backward chaining, production system based expert system shell. It embodies a simple but effective method of handling uncertainty. An important feature of this method is that it takes cognizance of the different relative importances of the conditions which need to be satisfied before a conclusion can be reached. The knowledge base consists of more than rules and questions. It also contains meta-knowledge, which is used by the inference engine. The P.R.O. System has been designed to be of practical use. Its strongest recommendations are therefore, that the two non-trivial systems which have been implemented in it, have been accepted by the experts and their peers as systems which produce good, accurate answers . , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Bradshaw, John
- Date: 1987 , 2013-04-03
- Subjects: Expert systems (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4617 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006302 , Expert systems (Computer science)
- Description: This thesis reports the research which led to the development of the P.R .O. Expert System Shell. The P.R.O . System is primarily, though not exclusively , designed for use in ecological domains. In the light of two specific expert systems, The RCS (River Conservation Status) and the Aquaculture Systems, which were developed as part of this research, a number of areas of importance have been identified. The most significant of these is the need to handle uncertainty effectively. The style of knowledge representation to be implemented also plays an important role. After consulting the relevant literature and the available microcomputer expert system shells, a number of ideas have been included in the P.R.O. System. The P.R.O . System is a backward chaining, production system based expert system shell. It embodies a simple but effective method of handling uncertainty. An important feature of this method is that it takes cognizance of the different relative importances of the conditions which need to be satisfied before a conclusion can be reached. The knowledge base consists of more than rules and questions. It also contains meta-knowledge, which is used by the inference engine. The P.R.O. System has been designed to be of practical use. Its strongest recommendations are therefore, that the two non-trivial systems which have been implemented in it, have been accepted by the experts and their peers as systems which produce good, accurate answers . , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
The petrology and geochemistry of the upper critical zone of the Bushveld complex at the Amandelbult section of Rustenberg Platinum Mines Limited, Northwestern Transvaal, South Africa
- Authors: Field, Matthew
- Date: 1987 , 2013-03-06
- Subjects: Geology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Petrology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5037 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007499 , Geology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Petrology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal
- Description: A study of petrological and geochemical variations through the upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex at Amandelbult section of R.P,M. was undertaken. The sequence at this locality may be divided into seven "units" two of which appear to be complete, possessing the sequence harzburgite-pyroxenite-norite-anorthosite. The other five Units lack basal, intermediate or upper members. Considerable lateral variations are apparent in this sequence, but these are restricted to the Lower Pseudo Reef-Merensky Reef interval, tne same portion of the succession which is affected by pothole structures. The single most important petrographic feature of genetic significance is the occurrence of annealed, recrystallized anorthosite immediately underlying ulstramafic layers. This, together with the undulatory nature of the contact between the two rock layers, suggests that the ultramafic layer was emplaced as a hot liquid over a pre-existing, crystalline anorthosite floor, and that some remelting of this layer occurred. Variations in the chemical make-up of constituent silicate minerals reveal a number of significant processes which may have been operative in the magma chamber prior to crystallization, Olivine grains, for instance, exhibit extremely wide chemical variations both within single layers and from one layer to the next. These variations are best explained by re-equilibration processes with spinel and base metal sulphides, rather than by wide variations in original liquidus compositions. It appears that the compositions of the initial liquids from which each basal olivine-bearing layer crystallized, were approximately similar. Variations in the iron-magnesium ratio of ortho-pyroxenes indicate well defined continuous fractionation trends in units which are considered to be complete. Magnesian compositions are recorded in ultramfic members, while increasingly iron-enriched values are recorded upwards through the sequence pyroxenite-norite-antorthosite. Plagioclase grains exhibit less well defined fractionation trends, but it is clear that an upward increase in An is encountered through indivitual Units. This is in direct contrast to the trend exhibited by orthopyroxene. A further feature of plagioclase grains is the considerable degree of chemical zonation exhibited by them. In cumulus grains this is commonly manifested as strongly reversed rims, while in intercululus grains normal zoning is ubiquitous. Whole-rock chemical variations through the succession indicate that cyclical variations occur through successive Units, but that these merely reflect changes in modal mineralogy and not liquid fractionation trends. Such trends can be shown for selected element ratios, where these elements are known to partition into a single mineral phase. Rations of pyroxene components such as the nickel/scandium ratio, exhibit a saw tooth pattern through successive Units, while ratios of plagioclase components such as the strontium/alumina ratio have unique, fairly constant values for each individual Unit but different values for successive Units. The latter type of cyclicity is not always strictly confined to lithologically recognized boundaries between Units, and a slight overlap into overlying ultramafic layers is apparent. An investigation of variations in trace element levels in a single layer in five widely separated boreholes revealed that there is some evidence for a lateral fractionation trend from the southwest (more primitive) to the northeast (more evolved), although the small number of data points available preclude definite conclusions. There exists in the data some evidence that the Giant Mottled Anorthosite differs chemically from the other anorthosites in the study section, and that it more closely resembles rocks of the Main Zone. This evidence is particularly apparent in variations of the chromium/aluminium ratio of orthoyroxene grains, and in the An content of plagioclase grains, both of whose trends exhibit distinct inflections at the base of this member. The features of the succession at Amandelbult are best explained by the model of Eales et al. (in press, a), which visualizes the input of a number of pulses of new, hot liquid into a magma chamber containing the fractionated residua of previous influxes. At a critical point in time, just prior to the mafic Merensky Reef input, a large input of gabboic liquid was intruded at high levels in the chamber. The lower portions of this liquid mixed with the residua of earlier mafic inputs, which in turn mixed with new inputs of mafic, typical Critical Zone liquids. Thus the lower portions of the study section represent mixtures of new Critical Zone liquids with the residua of previous such influxes, while the upper portions have the added complication of mixture with a Main Zone-type liquid. The unique chemical character of the Giant Mottled Anorthosite appears to be a direct manifestation of the influence of the Main Zone liquid. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Field, Matthew
- Date: 1987 , 2013-03-06
- Subjects: Geology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Petrology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5037 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007499 , Geology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Petrology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal
- Description: A study of petrological and geochemical variations through the upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex at Amandelbult section of R.P,M. was undertaken. The sequence at this locality may be divided into seven "units" two of which appear to be complete, possessing the sequence harzburgite-pyroxenite-norite-anorthosite. The other five Units lack basal, intermediate or upper members. Considerable lateral variations are apparent in this sequence, but these are restricted to the Lower Pseudo Reef-Merensky Reef interval, tne same portion of the succession which is affected by pothole structures. The single most important petrographic feature of genetic significance is the occurrence of annealed, recrystallized anorthosite immediately underlying ulstramafic layers. This, together with the undulatory nature of the contact between the two rock layers, suggests that the ultramafic layer was emplaced as a hot liquid over a pre-existing, crystalline anorthosite floor, and that some remelting of this layer occurred. Variations in the chemical make-up of constituent silicate minerals reveal a number of significant processes which may have been operative in the magma chamber prior to crystallization, Olivine grains, for instance, exhibit extremely wide chemical variations both within single layers and from one layer to the next. These variations are best explained by re-equilibration processes with spinel and base metal sulphides, rather than by wide variations in original liquidus compositions. It appears that the compositions of the initial liquids from which each basal olivine-bearing layer crystallized, were approximately similar. Variations in the iron-magnesium ratio of ortho-pyroxenes indicate well defined continuous fractionation trends in units which are considered to be complete. Magnesian compositions are recorded in ultramfic members, while increasingly iron-enriched values are recorded upwards through the sequence pyroxenite-norite-antorthosite. Plagioclase grains exhibit less well defined fractionation trends, but it is clear that an upward increase in An is encountered through indivitual Units. This is in direct contrast to the trend exhibited by orthopyroxene. A further feature of plagioclase grains is the considerable degree of chemical zonation exhibited by them. In cumulus grains this is commonly manifested as strongly reversed rims, while in intercululus grains normal zoning is ubiquitous. Whole-rock chemical variations through the succession indicate that cyclical variations occur through successive Units, but that these merely reflect changes in modal mineralogy and not liquid fractionation trends. Such trends can be shown for selected element ratios, where these elements are known to partition into a single mineral phase. Rations of pyroxene components such as the nickel/scandium ratio, exhibit a saw tooth pattern through successive Units, while ratios of plagioclase components such as the strontium/alumina ratio have unique, fairly constant values for each individual Unit but different values for successive Units. The latter type of cyclicity is not always strictly confined to lithologically recognized boundaries between Units, and a slight overlap into overlying ultramafic layers is apparent. An investigation of variations in trace element levels in a single layer in five widely separated boreholes revealed that there is some evidence for a lateral fractionation trend from the southwest (more primitive) to the northeast (more evolved), although the small number of data points available preclude definite conclusions. There exists in the data some evidence that the Giant Mottled Anorthosite differs chemically from the other anorthosites in the study section, and that it more closely resembles rocks of the Main Zone. This evidence is particularly apparent in variations of the chromium/aluminium ratio of orthoyroxene grains, and in the An content of plagioclase grains, both of whose trends exhibit distinct inflections at the base of this member. The features of the succession at Amandelbult are best explained by the model of Eales et al. (in press, a), which visualizes the input of a number of pulses of new, hot liquid into a magma chamber containing the fractionated residua of previous influxes. At a critical point in time, just prior to the mafic Merensky Reef input, a large input of gabboic liquid was intruded at high levels in the chamber. The lower portions of this liquid mixed with the residua of earlier mafic inputs, which in turn mixed with new inputs of mafic, typical Critical Zone liquids. Thus the lower portions of the study section represent mixtures of new Critical Zone liquids with the residua of previous such influxes, while the upper portions have the added complication of mixture with a Main Zone-type liquid. The unique chemical character of the Giant Mottled Anorthosite appears to be a direct manifestation of the influence of the Main Zone liquid. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
The structural elucidation of the capsular antigen of klebsiella serotype k69
- Authors: Hackland, Peter Linton
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Antigens , Klebsiella
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3816 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004901 , Antigens , Klebsiella
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Hackland, Peter Linton
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Antigens , Klebsiella
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3816 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004901 , Antigens , Klebsiella
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
The survival of Heliothis Armiger (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs on cotton plants in relation to simulated rain and overhead irrigation
- Basson, Nicolaas Cornelius Johannes
- Authors: Basson, Nicolaas Cornelius Johannes
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Helicoverpa armigera Lepidoptera
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5598 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002048
- Description: Crop pests are known to be adversely affected by rain. Because limited information on this aspect was available for Heliothis spp. occurring on cotton, this study was undertaken to examine the effect of water droplets from overhead irrigation and simulated rain on the survival of H. armiger eggs on cotton. Three aspects were examined: the effects of submersion, the physical impact of droplets on the eggs and the washing off of the eggs from cotton plants in the field. The first two aspects were examined in terms of the structure and respiratory system of the eggs, confirming that H. armiger eggs are able to survive initial wetting in the field. The wash-off of H. armiger eggs from cotton plants is explained in the light of the selection of oviposition sites by the moths, adhesion of the eggs to the plant parts and the dislodging and wash-off by water from simulated rain and overhead irrigation. The data are discussed in terms of the other mortality factors which occur in commercial cotton fields. All in all, it was found that while overhead irrigation should be taken into account in surveys of H. armiger for pest management purposes, it does not offer a viable control strategy and should not be investigated further
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Basson, Nicolaas Cornelius Johannes
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Helicoverpa armigera Lepidoptera
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5598 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002048
- Description: Crop pests are known to be adversely affected by rain. Because limited information on this aspect was available for Heliothis spp. occurring on cotton, this study was undertaken to examine the effect of water droplets from overhead irrigation and simulated rain on the survival of H. armiger eggs on cotton. Three aspects were examined: the effects of submersion, the physical impact of droplets on the eggs and the washing off of the eggs from cotton plants in the field. The first two aspects were examined in terms of the structure and respiratory system of the eggs, confirming that H. armiger eggs are able to survive initial wetting in the field. The wash-off of H. armiger eggs from cotton plants is explained in the light of the selection of oviposition sites by the moths, adhesion of the eggs to the plant parts and the dislodging and wash-off by water from simulated rain and overhead irrigation. The data are discussed in terms of the other mortality factors which occur in commercial cotton fields. All in all, it was found that while overhead irrigation should be taken into account in surveys of H. armiger for pest management purposes, it does not offer a viable control strategy and should not be investigated further
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
The tectono-metallogenesis during the irumide and pan-African events in South West Africa/Namibia
- Authors: Tregoning, Trevor Denzil
- Date: 1987 , 2013-03-05
- Subjects: Orogeny -- Namibia , Ore deposits -- Namibia , Mines and mineral resources -- Namibia , Geodynamics , Rifts (Geology) -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4922 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004490 , Orogeny -- Namibia , Ore deposits -- Namibia , Mines and mineral resources -- Namibia , Geodynamics , Rifts (Geology) -- Namibia
- Description: A large portion of South west Africa/Namibia is underlain by 2 great orogens. They are the Irumide (Sinclair/Rehoboth) and Damara Orogenies. The L-shaped Irumide Province forms part of a belt which extends over the subcontinent from Namaqualand to as far as Zambia. The volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Irumide are believed to have formed in intracratonic rifts and pull-apart basins during the period 1400 to 900 Ma. The evolution of the NW trending Sinclair Group proceeded by means of 3 major cycles each beginning with the emplacement of basic to intermediate magmas followed by felsic ones. The cycle ended off with subsidence, deposition of immature clastic debris and final tilting of the volcano-clastic sequence. It was suggested that the extensive calc-alkaline lavas present, developed within a magmatic arc above a subduction zone, but this proposal has not been generally accepted. The NE trending Klein Aub-Witvlei Basins consist essentially of red bed alluvial fans and lacustrine sediments with minor volcanics near the base. The red beds and aeolian sediments were deposited in an arid climatic condition. The regional greenschist facies metamorphism and deformation is attributed to a major tectono-thermal event at 1100 Ma. The Damara Orogen (900 - 550 Ma) forms part of the Pan-African mobile belt system of global proportions. The NE trending intracontinental branch (aulacogen) and 2 coastal branches constitute a triple junction with its focal point near Swakopmund. The NE extension of the intracontinental belt has been linked with the Lufilian Arc hosting the renown Zambian Copper Belt deposits. In South West Africa/Namibia this belt hosts many different mineral occurrences which can be grouped into rift and collision related deposits. The tectonic history of the Damara Orogen supports a geodynamic-evolution-with-time hypothesis and represents a transitional phase in which limited Wilson Cycle Tectonics was active. The Theory of Mantle Advection is invoked to explain rifting, thinning and subsidence. Extensive ensialic rifting resulted in a relatively stable Northern Carbonate Platform and several deep troughs hosting turbiditic sequences. Crustal rupture in the Khomas Trough allowed for the emplacement of ocean floor tholeiites known as the Matchless Amphibolite Belt. Subsequent ocean closure and collision resulted in deformation, metamorphism and generation of predominantly S-type granites. The southern continental plate was partially overridden by the northern plate during final collision at 550 Ma. These low angle thrust faults allowed for the emplacement of the Naukluft Nappe Complex on top of younger Nama sediments. The break up of Gondwanaland during the Mesozoic with the splitting of the Atlantic Ocean was responsible for the intrusion of anorogenic alkaline ring complexes along the extension of the NE trending transform faults within the intracontinental branch of the Damara Orogen. A close relationship between the tectonic setting and mineral deposits has been recognized in both the Irumide and Damara Orogenies. In the Irumide, stratiform syngenetic copper deposits are hosted by alluvial fan, playa and lacustrine sediments. The uninterrupted sedimentation from the Irumide to Damara Orogen resulted in similar stratiform copper deposits during the early stages of rifting. In the Damara Orogen the rifting (extensional) phase is characterized by 4 main mineralizing systems: diagenetic/syngenetic (Kupferschiefer-type), epigenetic/hydrothermal Cu-Pb-Zn (Mississippi Valley-type), volcanogenic cupriferous pyrite (Besshi-type) and volcano-exhalative Pb-Zn (Red Sea-type). The collision (compressional) phase was accompanied by 4 main mineralizing processes: epigenetic/hydrothermal Cu-Pb-Zn, hydrotheral/metasomatic Sn-W-rare earth, metamorphogenic Au and U-bearing anatectic melts. The key to the selection of viable exploration targets lies in the understanding of the field evidence and the geodynamics modelling to explain the evolution of the orogen and its associated mineral deposits.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Tregoning, Trevor Denzil
- Date: 1987 , 2013-03-05
- Subjects: Orogeny -- Namibia , Ore deposits -- Namibia , Mines and mineral resources -- Namibia , Geodynamics , Rifts (Geology) -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4922 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004490 , Orogeny -- Namibia , Ore deposits -- Namibia , Mines and mineral resources -- Namibia , Geodynamics , Rifts (Geology) -- Namibia
- Description: A large portion of South west Africa/Namibia is underlain by 2 great orogens. They are the Irumide (Sinclair/Rehoboth) and Damara Orogenies. The L-shaped Irumide Province forms part of a belt which extends over the subcontinent from Namaqualand to as far as Zambia. The volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Irumide are believed to have formed in intracratonic rifts and pull-apart basins during the period 1400 to 900 Ma. The evolution of the NW trending Sinclair Group proceeded by means of 3 major cycles each beginning with the emplacement of basic to intermediate magmas followed by felsic ones. The cycle ended off with subsidence, deposition of immature clastic debris and final tilting of the volcano-clastic sequence. It was suggested that the extensive calc-alkaline lavas present, developed within a magmatic arc above a subduction zone, but this proposal has not been generally accepted. The NE trending Klein Aub-Witvlei Basins consist essentially of red bed alluvial fans and lacustrine sediments with minor volcanics near the base. The red beds and aeolian sediments were deposited in an arid climatic condition. The regional greenschist facies metamorphism and deformation is attributed to a major tectono-thermal event at 1100 Ma. The Damara Orogen (900 - 550 Ma) forms part of the Pan-African mobile belt system of global proportions. The NE trending intracontinental branch (aulacogen) and 2 coastal branches constitute a triple junction with its focal point near Swakopmund. The NE extension of the intracontinental belt has been linked with the Lufilian Arc hosting the renown Zambian Copper Belt deposits. In South West Africa/Namibia this belt hosts many different mineral occurrences which can be grouped into rift and collision related deposits. The tectonic history of the Damara Orogen supports a geodynamic-evolution-with-time hypothesis and represents a transitional phase in which limited Wilson Cycle Tectonics was active. The Theory of Mantle Advection is invoked to explain rifting, thinning and subsidence. Extensive ensialic rifting resulted in a relatively stable Northern Carbonate Platform and several deep troughs hosting turbiditic sequences. Crustal rupture in the Khomas Trough allowed for the emplacement of ocean floor tholeiites known as the Matchless Amphibolite Belt. Subsequent ocean closure and collision resulted in deformation, metamorphism and generation of predominantly S-type granites. The southern continental plate was partially overridden by the northern plate during final collision at 550 Ma. These low angle thrust faults allowed for the emplacement of the Naukluft Nappe Complex on top of younger Nama sediments. The break up of Gondwanaland during the Mesozoic with the splitting of the Atlantic Ocean was responsible for the intrusion of anorogenic alkaline ring complexes along the extension of the NE trending transform faults within the intracontinental branch of the Damara Orogen. A close relationship between the tectonic setting and mineral deposits has been recognized in both the Irumide and Damara Orogenies. In the Irumide, stratiform syngenetic copper deposits are hosted by alluvial fan, playa and lacustrine sediments. The uninterrupted sedimentation from the Irumide to Damara Orogen resulted in similar stratiform copper deposits during the early stages of rifting. In the Damara Orogen the rifting (extensional) phase is characterized by 4 main mineralizing systems: diagenetic/syngenetic (Kupferschiefer-type), epigenetic/hydrothermal Cu-Pb-Zn (Mississippi Valley-type), volcanogenic cupriferous pyrite (Besshi-type) and volcano-exhalative Pb-Zn (Red Sea-type). The collision (compressional) phase was accompanied by 4 main mineralizing processes: epigenetic/hydrothermal Cu-Pb-Zn, hydrotheral/metasomatic Sn-W-rare earth, metamorphogenic Au and U-bearing anatectic melts. The key to the selection of viable exploration targets lies in the understanding of the field evidence and the geodynamics modelling to explain the evolution of the orogen and its associated mineral deposits.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
Traditional and Christian elements in contemporary pictorial African art in South Africa with special reference to the works of John Muafangejo, Azariah Mbatha and Dan Rakgoathe
- Authors: Kilian, Julie
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Muafangejo, John N., 1943-1987 -- Criticism and interpretation Christian art and symbolism -- South Africa Mbatha, Azariah -- Criticism and interpretation Rakgoathe, Dan -- Criticism and interpretation Art, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2483 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012635
- Description: Art is the outward, visual manifestation of the undying soul of a people. The genius displayed in the day to day articles produced in traditional tribal society is equally present in the art produced by the Contemporary African Artist. The Contemporary African Artist finds himself in an interesting position, in that he is, at one time, a part of two different worlds, two different cultures, has taken place, the and his art provides evidence of the acculturation that coming together of indigenous, traditional African culture and 'European' or 'Western' culture. It follows that the contemporary African artist's work would display characteristics and elements derived from both of these worlds, since art is not created in a vacuum, but is, invariably, the outward, visible expression and symbol of an artist's environment, culture, emotional and intellectual responses and his beliefs. The study of Contemporary African Art reveals that despite the many divergences from the traditional or classic forms, a great many traditional influences and characteristics still persist in the same. An analysis of Contemporary African Art will also show that a significant body of works bear a marked influence of Christian teachings and biblical themes, as well as the influence of exposure to various forms of Swedish Medieval, Byzantine, Romanesque and Carolingian art.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Kilian, Julie
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Muafangejo, John N., 1943-1987 -- Criticism and interpretation Christian art and symbolism -- South Africa Mbatha, Azariah -- Criticism and interpretation Rakgoathe, Dan -- Criticism and interpretation Art, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2483 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012635
- Description: Art is the outward, visual manifestation of the undying soul of a people. The genius displayed in the day to day articles produced in traditional tribal society is equally present in the art produced by the Contemporary African Artist. The Contemporary African Artist finds himself in an interesting position, in that he is, at one time, a part of two different worlds, two different cultures, has taken place, the and his art provides evidence of the acculturation that coming together of indigenous, traditional African culture and 'European' or 'Western' culture. It follows that the contemporary African artist's work would display characteristics and elements derived from both of these worlds, since art is not created in a vacuum, but is, invariably, the outward, visible expression and symbol of an artist's environment, culture, emotional and intellectual responses and his beliefs. The study of Contemporary African Art reveals that despite the many divergences from the traditional or classic forms, a great many traditional influences and characteristics still persist in the same. An analysis of Contemporary African Art will also show that a significant body of works bear a marked influence of Christian teachings and biblical themes, as well as the influence of exposure to various forms of Swedish Medieval, Byzantine, Romanesque and Carolingian art.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987