A dynamic analysis of the influence of monetary policy on the general price level in Zimbabwe under periods of hyperinflation and dollarisation
- Authors: Kavila, William
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Monetary policy -- Zimbabwe , Inflation (Finance) -- Zimbabwe , Inflation targeting -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3889 , vital:20473
- Description: This thesis analyses the influence of monetary policy on the general price level in Zimbabwe during periods of hyperinflation and dollarisation. The first part of the analysis covers the period January 2006 to July 2008 when the country experienced high inflation and ultimately hyperinflation. The second part covers the period 2009 to 2012, when the country adopted the multi-currency system and became fully dollarised. In terms of motivation, the study firstly sought to empirically examine the factors that led to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe, paying particular attention to the influence of monetary policy. Secondly, the thesis sought to determine the major factors that influenced price formation in a dollarised Zimbabwean economy; a completely new macro-economic environment. A significant development in this new macro-economic environment was the loss of monetary policy autonomy of the central bank, which also contributed to the relevance of the study. This thesis makes two contributions. The first contribution is the finding that hyperinflation in Zimbabwe was caused by expansionary monetary policy as a result of the activities of an unrestrained and unaccountable central bank. The second contribution was the empirical finding that in the fully dollarised economy inflation is largely determined by external factors. This implies that the domestic economy has no control over domestic inflation developments and as such, Zimbabwean authorities should formulate appropriate economic policies to respond to the impact of external shocks on domestic price formation when the need arises. The role of monetary policy in Zimbabwe’s hyperinflation episode is assessed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the Error Correction Model (ECM) approaches with monthly data from January 2006 to July 2008. The impact of monetary policy on hyperinflation is captured by the coefficient of broad money supply and the interest rate. Results indicate that hyperinflation was caused by expansionary monetary policy, the exchange rate premium and inflation expectations for both the short and long term. Zimbabwe’s hyperinflation episode which peaked during the period 2007 to 2008 brings to the fore the importance of ensuring that the central bank is independent in executing its mandate of influencing the monetary policy process in a manner that ensures price stability. The ARDL and ECM approaches are also used to explore the dynamics of inflation in the dollarised Zimbabwean economy, with monthly data from January 2009 to December 2012. The main drivers of inflation under the multi-currency system were found to be the United States of America dollar/South African rand exchange rate, international oil prices, inflation expectations and the South African inflation rate. The findings contrast with the hyperinflationary era, where empirical studies have cited excessive money supply growth as the major driver of inflation dynamics in Zimbabwe. The results also suggest a higher exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices, consistent with empirical literature which postulates that inflation in dollarised economies is largely explained by movements in the exchange rate of major trading partners and international prices. The policy implication from the analysis is the need for policy makers to aggressively promote policies that ensure increased productivity of the economy. An improvement in productivity would influence the relative prices of tradable and non-tradable goods and ultimately the general price level in the economy. The study also quantified the independence of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) using the Mathew (2006), “new index for institutional quality” and the results showed that the RBZ is not an independent central bank. The central bank is found to have a low index of central bank independence (CBI), against a high level of inflation. While this relationship does not imply causality it can be inferred that the lack of independence of the RBZ could have influenced inflation dynamics in Zimbabwe. Only a subordinated central bank can be compelled to engage in inflationary deficit financing and also fund quasi-fiscal activities. The provisions of the RBZ Act [Chapter 22:15] in their current form make the central bank an appendage of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development and this has, to a large extent, resulted in conflict between the political goals of government and the central bank’s primary objective of achieving price stability. In the event that Zimbabwe reintroduces its own currency in future, the achievement of the primary goal of price stability by the central bank will only be realised if the apex bank is given more autonomy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Kavila, William
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Monetary policy -- Zimbabwe , Inflation (Finance) -- Zimbabwe , Inflation targeting -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3889 , vital:20473
- Description: This thesis analyses the influence of monetary policy on the general price level in Zimbabwe during periods of hyperinflation and dollarisation. The first part of the analysis covers the period January 2006 to July 2008 when the country experienced high inflation and ultimately hyperinflation. The second part covers the period 2009 to 2012, when the country adopted the multi-currency system and became fully dollarised. In terms of motivation, the study firstly sought to empirically examine the factors that led to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe, paying particular attention to the influence of monetary policy. Secondly, the thesis sought to determine the major factors that influenced price formation in a dollarised Zimbabwean economy; a completely new macro-economic environment. A significant development in this new macro-economic environment was the loss of monetary policy autonomy of the central bank, which also contributed to the relevance of the study. This thesis makes two contributions. The first contribution is the finding that hyperinflation in Zimbabwe was caused by expansionary monetary policy as a result of the activities of an unrestrained and unaccountable central bank. The second contribution was the empirical finding that in the fully dollarised economy inflation is largely determined by external factors. This implies that the domestic economy has no control over domestic inflation developments and as such, Zimbabwean authorities should formulate appropriate economic policies to respond to the impact of external shocks on domestic price formation when the need arises. The role of monetary policy in Zimbabwe’s hyperinflation episode is assessed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the Error Correction Model (ECM) approaches with monthly data from January 2006 to July 2008. The impact of monetary policy on hyperinflation is captured by the coefficient of broad money supply and the interest rate. Results indicate that hyperinflation was caused by expansionary monetary policy, the exchange rate premium and inflation expectations for both the short and long term. Zimbabwe’s hyperinflation episode which peaked during the period 2007 to 2008 brings to the fore the importance of ensuring that the central bank is independent in executing its mandate of influencing the monetary policy process in a manner that ensures price stability. The ARDL and ECM approaches are also used to explore the dynamics of inflation in the dollarised Zimbabwean economy, with monthly data from January 2009 to December 2012. The main drivers of inflation under the multi-currency system were found to be the United States of America dollar/South African rand exchange rate, international oil prices, inflation expectations and the South African inflation rate. The findings contrast with the hyperinflationary era, where empirical studies have cited excessive money supply growth as the major driver of inflation dynamics in Zimbabwe. The results also suggest a higher exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices, consistent with empirical literature which postulates that inflation in dollarised economies is largely explained by movements in the exchange rate of major trading partners and international prices. The policy implication from the analysis is the need for policy makers to aggressively promote policies that ensure increased productivity of the economy. An improvement in productivity would influence the relative prices of tradable and non-tradable goods and ultimately the general price level in the economy. The study also quantified the independence of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) using the Mathew (2006), “new index for institutional quality” and the results showed that the RBZ is not an independent central bank. The central bank is found to have a low index of central bank independence (CBI), against a high level of inflation. While this relationship does not imply causality it can be inferred that the lack of independence of the RBZ could have influenced inflation dynamics in Zimbabwe. Only a subordinated central bank can be compelled to engage in inflationary deficit financing and also fund quasi-fiscal activities. The provisions of the RBZ Act [Chapter 22:15] in their current form make the central bank an appendage of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development and this has, to a large extent, resulted in conflict between the political goals of government and the central bank’s primary objective of achieving price stability. In the event that Zimbabwe reintroduces its own currency in future, the achievement of the primary goal of price stability by the central bank will only be realised if the apex bank is given more autonomy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A flight of fancy in the Chorister Robin-Chat (Cossypha dichroa) : an isotopic standpoint
- Wolmarans, Milena Helena Louise
- Authors: Wolmarans, Milena Helena Louise
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Muscicapidae -- South Africa , Muscicapidae -- Food , Muscicapidae -- Habitat , Muscicapidae -- Habitat -- Conservation , Forest birds -- South Africa , Isotopes , Stable isotope tracers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5920 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017207
- Description: Forested areas have been cited for their highly diverse floral and faunal assemblages, which are currently under threat from anthropogenic activities that restrict their range and deplete the resources produced within these naturally fragmented patches. Historically, up to 67 percent of avifaunal species associated with well-treed areas have undergone localised extinctions, consequentially affecting biodiversity as a measure of species richness and ecosystem functionality. To date, more than 900 of the bird species affiliated with forests are under threat and despite the theory surrounding functional redundancy, the mass extinction that is currently underway poses considerable limitations on the ecological integrity of these biomes. In South Africa, indigenous forest (one of the rarest biomes), occurs predominantly in small isolated patches along the eastern escarpment. With mountainous terrain emphasised as ‘prominent hotspots of extinction’, the limited dispersal and habitat sensitivity of montane forest fauna renders these species more prone to localised extinctions. BirdLife International, the IUCN and SABAP2 all indicate reductions in the range and abundance of the Chorister Robin-Chat (Cossypha dichroa) - an endemic forest specialist that is reported to move seasonally between high-altitude forest patches where they breed in summer, and lowland coastal forests where they overwinter. Beyond diet, body morphology and vocalisations, much of the information available on the altitudinal movements of C. dichroa is based on secondary sources and the assumptions therein. This study aimed to investigate the potential utilisation of δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes in determining the dietary niche width and altitudinal movements of C. dichroa. Feathers obtained in forested patches of the Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces exhibited a wide trophic niche width and generalised diet. Strong regional separation is apparent in the isotopic signatures suggesting little movement between provinces. A comparison of 13C-isotopes showed minimal variation that point to a uniformity in the carbon-base utilised by C. dichroa across their range. The 15N-signatures obtained in Limpopo, however, revealed a distinct trophic segregation between the northern-most Chorister populations and their southern counterparts. No altitudinal movements were detected in the isotopic signatures of recaptured Choristers, but more research is needed to investigate the long-term accuracy of these results and the breeding potential of resident Choristers in lowland coastal forests; especially when considering the reduced range and abundance reported for this endemic species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Wolmarans, Milena Helena Louise
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Muscicapidae -- South Africa , Muscicapidae -- Food , Muscicapidae -- Habitat , Muscicapidae -- Habitat -- Conservation , Forest birds -- South Africa , Isotopes , Stable isotope tracers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5920 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017207
- Description: Forested areas have been cited for their highly diverse floral and faunal assemblages, which are currently under threat from anthropogenic activities that restrict their range and deplete the resources produced within these naturally fragmented patches. Historically, up to 67 percent of avifaunal species associated with well-treed areas have undergone localised extinctions, consequentially affecting biodiversity as a measure of species richness and ecosystem functionality. To date, more than 900 of the bird species affiliated with forests are under threat and despite the theory surrounding functional redundancy, the mass extinction that is currently underway poses considerable limitations on the ecological integrity of these biomes. In South Africa, indigenous forest (one of the rarest biomes), occurs predominantly in small isolated patches along the eastern escarpment. With mountainous terrain emphasised as ‘prominent hotspots of extinction’, the limited dispersal and habitat sensitivity of montane forest fauna renders these species more prone to localised extinctions. BirdLife International, the IUCN and SABAP2 all indicate reductions in the range and abundance of the Chorister Robin-Chat (Cossypha dichroa) - an endemic forest specialist that is reported to move seasonally between high-altitude forest patches where they breed in summer, and lowland coastal forests where they overwinter. Beyond diet, body morphology and vocalisations, much of the information available on the altitudinal movements of C. dichroa is based on secondary sources and the assumptions therein. This study aimed to investigate the potential utilisation of δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes in determining the dietary niche width and altitudinal movements of C. dichroa. Feathers obtained in forested patches of the Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces exhibited a wide trophic niche width and generalised diet. Strong regional separation is apparent in the isotopic signatures suggesting little movement between provinces. A comparison of 13C-isotopes showed minimal variation that point to a uniformity in the carbon-base utilised by C. dichroa across their range. The 15N-signatures obtained in Limpopo, however, revealed a distinct trophic segregation between the northern-most Chorister populations and their southern counterparts. No altitudinal movements were detected in the isotopic signatures of recaptured Choristers, but more research is needed to investigate the long-term accuracy of these results and the breeding potential of resident Choristers in lowland coastal forests; especially when considering the reduced range and abundance reported for this endemic species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A frame for improving employee commitment to a sustainability strategy
- Authors: Kanyi, Juliet
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Employee morale , Strategic planning , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3832 , vital:20467
- Description: The changing business environment has increasingly driven organisations to incorporate sustainability into their corporate strategy for them to remain competitive. The economic, social and environmental goals and objectives of the organisation are now being factored into corporate strategy. This is as a result of the opportunities presented with the adoption of sustainability as a strategy and the threats caused by failure to adopt sustainability within their corporate strategy. For organisations to reap any benefits of incorporating sustainability, successful implementation of the strategy is needed. The role employees’ play in the implementation process of the sustainability strategy is critical. For successful implementation of the strategy, employee commitment is required as they have to adjust their actions and behaviours to be congruent with those required for the successful implementation of the sustainability strategy. However literature suggests that employees have received little attention in past research in regard to sustainability especially in emerging markets where research on sustainability has been limited. For this reason, the research problem for this study was how employee commitment can be improved towards the implementation of the sustainability strategy in their day-to-day operations. To achieve this objective, a conceptual framework was developed by investigating the organisational factors that impact on employee commitment to implementing sustainability in their day-to-day activities. To develop the conceptual framework, a literature review was conducted. The conceptual framework served as a basis for the construction of the questionnaire, to determine the nature of employee commitment to sustainability, to what extent they were implementing sustainability in their day-to-day activities and finally for the employees who were committed and were implementing sustainability what were the organisational factors that influenced their commitment to the sustainability strategy. The questionnaire was distributed to employees of different organisations in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan area who were MBA students at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The findings of the empirical study indicate that the majority (75.5%) of the respondents were committed to all the tenets of sustainability, and were implementing the sustainability strategy. Though there were trade-offs in how the sustainability strategy was implemented, with the economic aspect having precedence where 84.5% of the respondents were implementing it, 70% of the respondents were implementing the social aspect of sustainability and 72.2% implementing the environmental tenet of sustainability. The organisational factors that influenced employee commitment to sustainability as was developed in the conceptual framework were all positively confirmed by the findings of the empirical study. Employee socialisation had the highest influence on commitment, followed by leadership, culture, communication, sustainability programmes and finally performance management. Formal and informal socialisation in the form of training and influence from experienced employees was the leading organisational factor that influenced commitment. The different roles top and middle management played in regard to sustainability followed. The organisational culture that existed in the organisation and the internal communication that was received all contributed to employee commitment to sustainability. The sustainability programmes in place and performance management systems in place were all organisational factors contributing to employee commitment to sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Kanyi, Juliet
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Employee morale , Strategic planning , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3832 , vital:20467
- Description: The changing business environment has increasingly driven organisations to incorporate sustainability into their corporate strategy for them to remain competitive. The economic, social and environmental goals and objectives of the organisation are now being factored into corporate strategy. This is as a result of the opportunities presented with the adoption of sustainability as a strategy and the threats caused by failure to adopt sustainability within their corporate strategy. For organisations to reap any benefits of incorporating sustainability, successful implementation of the strategy is needed. The role employees’ play in the implementation process of the sustainability strategy is critical. For successful implementation of the strategy, employee commitment is required as they have to adjust their actions and behaviours to be congruent with those required for the successful implementation of the sustainability strategy. However literature suggests that employees have received little attention in past research in regard to sustainability especially in emerging markets where research on sustainability has been limited. For this reason, the research problem for this study was how employee commitment can be improved towards the implementation of the sustainability strategy in their day-to-day operations. To achieve this objective, a conceptual framework was developed by investigating the organisational factors that impact on employee commitment to implementing sustainability in their day-to-day activities. To develop the conceptual framework, a literature review was conducted. The conceptual framework served as a basis for the construction of the questionnaire, to determine the nature of employee commitment to sustainability, to what extent they were implementing sustainability in their day-to-day activities and finally for the employees who were committed and were implementing sustainability what were the organisational factors that influenced their commitment to the sustainability strategy. The questionnaire was distributed to employees of different organisations in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan area who were MBA students at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The findings of the empirical study indicate that the majority (75.5%) of the respondents were committed to all the tenets of sustainability, and were implementing the sustainability strategy. Though there were trade-offs in how the sustainability strategy was implemented, with the economic aspect having precedence where 84.5% of the respondents were implementing it, 70% of the respondents were implementing the social aspect of sustainability and 72.2% implementing the environmental tenet of sustainability. The organisational factors that influenced employee commitment to sustainability as was developed in the conceptual framework were all positively confirmed by the findings of the empirical study. Employee socialisation had the highest influence on commitment, followed by leadership, culture, communication, sustainability programmes and finally performance management. Formal and informal socialisation in the form of training and influence from experienced employees was the leading organisational factor that influenced commitment. The different roles top and middle management played in regard to sustainability followed. The organisational culture that existed in the organisation and the internal communication that was received all contributed to employee commitment to sustainability. The sustainability programmes in place and performance management systems in place were all organisational factors contributing to employee commitment to sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A framework for cloud computing adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises : a case of the Accra - Tema metropolis in Ghana
- Authors: Adane, Martin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Cloud computing -- Ghana Small business -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13803 , vital:39713
- Description: Cloud computing adoption and usage is important to achieving business competition. This is done by making it a competitive tool for firms. The adoption of cloud computing enables firms to achieve greater business competency, improve performance, and allows them to maintain their competitive advantage. Since its emergence, there has been a surge in the adoption of cloud computing with research into its adoption primarily concentrated on bigger firms. However, a major characteristic of cloud computing is the anticipated possibilities it holds for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs typically operate differently from larger firms and are not limited by resource constraints. For SMEs, the reduction in the financial burden normally associated with the adoption of new technologies is a significant benefit of cloud computing due to their financial constraints. In Ghana, SMEs mostly use obsolete technologies and have a slow response towards new technologies. Thus, they are unable to harness the numerous opportunities technology presents to them to stay competitive. Cloud computing is still regarded as a new technology in the business world, therefore research that focuses on its adoption by SMEs to help them stay competitive is minimal. Available research on cloud computing in Ghana does not provide clear guidelines for ensuring a successful adoption process and the continued use of cloud computing services. This study seeks to investigate how a framework can assist SMEs in their use of cloud computing in the Accra-Tema metropolis of Ghana. A knowledge of the factors associated with adoption decisions and those that significantly influence the decision are required to ensure a successful adoption process. The empirical data was gathered using a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews developed from literature and administered to users and potential users of cloud computing. The questionnaire and interviews primarily investigate key adoption factors and the findings are reported in this research study. The findings reveal interesting insights into understanding issues that affect the overall decision to adopt and use cloud computing services by SMEs. The findings show that the adoption of cloud computing can improve information management practices within SMEs. The findings also reveal that several factors need to be considered in the overall decision to adopt and use cloud computing to ensure a successful adoption process. An initial cloud computing adoption model was proposed based on the empirical findings. Key adoption factors of the initial adoption model include adoption benefits and drivers, concerns and barriers, adoption interventions, and information management in the cloud. computing adoption framework. The proposed adoption framework aims to assist SMEs to adopt and use cloud computing services and make them relevant in the global market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Adane, Martin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Cloud computing -- Ghana Small business -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13803 , vital:39713
- Description: Cloud computing adoption and usage is important to achieving business competition. This is done by making it a competitive tool for firms. The adoption of cloud computing enables firms to achieve greater business competency, improve performance, and allows them to maintain their competitive advantage. Since its emergence, there has been a surge in the adoption of cloud computing with research into its adoption primarily concentrated on bigger firms. However, a major characteristic of cloud computing is the anticipated possibilities it holds for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs typically operate differently from larger firms and are not limited by resource constraints. For SMEs, the reduction in the financial burden normally associated with the adoption of new technologies is a significant benefit of cloud computing due to their financial constraints. In Ghana, SMEs mostly use obsolete technologies and have a slow response towards new technologies. Thus, they are unable to harness the numerous opportunities technology presents to them to stay competitive. Cloud computing is still regarded as a new technology in the business world, therefore research that focuses on its adoption by SMEs to help them stay competitive is minimal. Available research on cloud computing in Ghana does not provide clear guidelines for ensuring a successful adoption process and the continued use of cloud computing services. This study seeks to investigate how a framework can assist SMEs in their use of cloud computing in the Accra-Tema metropolis of Ghana. A knowledge of the factors associated with adoption decisions and those that significantly influence the decision are required to ensure a successful adoption process. The empirical data was gathered using a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews developed from literature and administered to users and potential users of cloud computing. The questionnaire and interviews primarily investigate key adoption factors and the findings are reported in this research study. The findings reveal interesting insights into understanding issues that affect the overall decision to adopt and use cloud computing services by SMEs. The findings show that the adoption of cloud computing can improve information management practices within SMEs. The findings also reveal that several factors need to be considered in the overall decision to adopt and use cloud computing to ensure a successful adoption process. An initial cloud computing adoption model was proposed based on the empirical findings. Key adoption factors of the initial adoption model include adoption benefits and drivers, concerns and barriers, adoption interventions, and information management in the cloud. computing adoption framework. The proposed adoption framework aims to assist SMEs to adopt and use cloud computing services and make them relevant in the global market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A framework for the integration of skilled / professional self-initiated expatrites into Qatari organisations
- Pieterse, Regan Christopher Ebrahim
- Authors: Pieterse, Regan Christopher Ebrahim
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Human capital -- Qatar , Cultural relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3074 , vital:20396
- Description: The main research problem in this study was to identify a framework that can be utilised for the integration of skilled/professional self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) into Qatari organisations. The main research problem gave rise to six sub-problems that were addressed through the following actions: A literature study was conducted to explore what the existing literature revealed about facilitating successful expatriate integration. In particular, the theoretical guidelines for expatriate recruitment and selection, orientation and cross-cultural integration were presented and discussed. Special attention was given to community embeddedness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten members from the sample group. These were undertaken to obtain their views on the expectations that their organisations had of them upon their arrival in Qatar, as well as on what they felt made it easy or difficult for them to adjust. Subsequently, a structured survey questionnaire was developed using the theoretical guidelines from the literature review and the insights gained from the semi-structured interviews. The survey was conducted in Qatar and administered to 102 skilled/professional self-initiated expatriates from diverse backgrounds and three work sectors, namely: healthcare, education and aviation. The final sample size was 94 due to eight questionnaires not being completed properly. The results from the empirical study revealed a gap between theoretical guidelines/ best practices and the recruitment and selection, orientation and cross-cultural integration practices at the respondents’ organisations. The knowledge gained from the existing literature and from the quantitative and qualitative results of the empirical study were combined and developed into a framework for the integration of skilled/professional self-initiated expatriates into Qatari organisations (refer to Table 5.35). Areas that were identified for improvement related to issues such as the need for Qatari organisations to: provide SIEs with more comprehensive information regarding the role that they will play as knowledge workers with regard to the development/training of Qatari nationals; implement a more comprehensive recruitment, selection and orientation process, and implement a more robust set of strategies to enhance the cross-cultural integration of their expatriate workers. Globalisation has fuelled organisations and countries towards building and/or strengthening knowledge-based economies. However in order to build competitive, knowledge-based economies, organisations and countries require skilled/professional workers. Skilled/professional self-initiated expatriates can provide Qatar with a pipeline of knowledge workers to support the growth of their emerging knowledge-based economy. As such, a framework that will enhance the integration of self-initiated expatriates into Qatari organisations is of paramount importance, specifically with regard to fostering performance excellence, satisfaction and community embeddedness within the Qatari work and cultural system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Pieterse, Regan Christopher Ebrahim
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Human capital -- Qatar , Cultural relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3074 , vital:20396
- Description: The main research problem in this study was to identify a framework that can be utilised for the integration of skilled/professional self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) into Qatari organisations. The main research problem gave rise to six sub-problems that were addressed through the following actions: A literature study was conducted to explore what the existing literature revealed about facilitating successful expatriate integration. In particular, the theoretical guidelines for expatriate recruitment and selection, orientation and cross-cultural integration were presented and discussed. Special attention was given to community embeddedness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten members from the sample group. These were undertaken to obtain their views on the expectations that their organisations had of them upon their arrival in Qatar, as well as on what they felt made it easy or difficult for them to adjust. Subsequently, a structured survey questionnaire was developed using the theoretical guidelines from the literature review and the insights gained from the semi-structured interviews. The survey was conducted in Qatar and administered to 102 skilled/professional self-initiated expatriates from diverse backgrounds and three work sectors, namely: healthcare, education and aviation. The final sample size was 94 due to eight questionnaires not being completed properly. The results from the empirical study revealed a gap between theoretical guidelines/ best practices and the recruitment and selection, orientation and cross-cultural integration practices at the respondents’ organisations. The knowledge gained from the existing literature and from the quantitative and qualitative results of the empirical study were combined and developed into a framework for the integration of skilled/professional self-initiated expatriates into Qatari organisations (refer to Table 5.35). Areas that were identified for improvement related to issues such as the need for Qatari organisations to: provide SIEs with more comprehensive information regarding the role that they will play as knowledge workers with regard to the development/training of Qatari nationals; implement a more comprehensive recruitment, selection and orientation process, and implement a more robust set of strategies to enhance the cross-cultural integration of their expatriate workers. Globalisation has fuelled organisations and countries towards building and/or strengthening knowledge-based economies. However in order to build competitive, knowledge-based economies, organisations and countries require skilled/professional workers. Skilled/professional self-initiated expatriates can provide Qatar with a pipeline of knowledge workers to support the growth of their emerging knowledge-based economy. As such, a framework that will enhance the integration of self-initiated expatriates into Qatari organisations is of paramount importance, specifically with regard to fostering performance excellence, satisfaction and community embeddedness within the Qatari work and cultural system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A Framework for using Open Source intelligence as a Digital Forensic Investigative tool
- Authors: Rule, Samantha Elizabeth
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Open source intelligence , Criminal investigation , Electronic evidence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4715 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017937
- Description: The proliferation of the Internet has amplified the use of social networking sites by creating a platform that encourages individuals to share information. As a result there is a wealth of information that is publically and easily accessible. This research explores whether open source intelligence (OSINT), which is freely available, could be used as a digital forensic investigative tool. A survey was created and sent to digital forensic investigators to establish whether they currently use OSINT when performing investigations. The survey results confirm that OSINT is being used by digital forensic investigators when performing investigations but there are currently no guidelines or frameworks available to support the use thereof. Additionally, the survey results showed a belief amongst those surveyed that evidence gleaned from OSINT sources is considered supplementary rather than evidentiary. The findings of this research led to the development of a framework that identifies and recommends key processes to follow when conducting OSINT investigations. The framework can assist digital forensic investigators to follow a structured and rigorous process, which may lead to the unanimous acceptance of information obtained via OSINT sources as evidentiary rather than supplementary in the near future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Rule, Samantha Elizabeth
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Open source intelligence , Criminal investigation , Electronic evidence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4715 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017937
- Description: The proliferation of the Internet has amplified the use of social networking sites by creating a platform that encourages individuals to share information. As a result there is a wealth of information that is publically and easily accessible. This research explores whether open source intelligence (OSINT), which is freely available, could be used as a digital forensic investigative tool. A survey was created and sent to digital forensic investigators to establish whether they currently use OSINT when performing investigations. The survey results confirm that OSINT is being used by digital forensic investigators when performing investigations but there are currently no guidelines or frameworks available to support the use thereof. Additionally, the survey results showed a belief amongst those surveyed that evidence gleaned from OSINT sources is considered supplementary rather than evidentiary. The findings of this research led to the development of a framework that identifies and recommends key processes to follow when conducting OSINT investigations. The framework can assist digital forensic investigators to follow a structured and rigorous process, which may lead to the unanimous acceptance of information obtained via OSINT sources as evidentiary rather than supplementary in the near future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A framework to measure supply chain management efficacy in humanitarian supply environments
- Authors: Linford, Pierre
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Humanitarian intervention , Business logistics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8155 , vital:25131
- Description: Supply chain management in the for-profit commercial environment is a broad, far-reaching field of study, impacting on a society’s standard of living. Commercial supply chain management is the science of balancing customer service levels with least total costs. In other words, the for-profit supply chain management practitioner is concerned with customer service levels, consumer value, shareholder value, total cost optimisation and ultimately maximising long term sustainable return on investment. Commercial supply chain management differs from military supply chain management in that the latter also focuses on service delivery, but the cost is almost irrelevant. In military operations, successful results (winning the battle) far surpass the total cost parameter or the return on investment. One of the major differentiating factors between commercial supply chain management (CSCM) in the for-profit theatre and humanitarian supply chain management (HSCM) in the not-for-profit supply environments hinges on strategic intent and how to measure success. In CSCM, return on investment (ROI) is key and in HSCM, the ability to create impact becomes paramount. Regarding spend, both CSCM and HSCM are concerned with optimising operational spend, optimal utilisation of capital goods and infrastructure as well as minimising the cost of goods, works and services. Commercial supply chain managers want to spend as little as possible on operational expenses similarly to their humanitarian counterparts but humanitarian supply chain managers are also concerned about underspending of donor funded programming. Humanitarian programming often happens under difficult and dangerous circumstances. This requires a special cadre of professionals who are willing to serve the most vulnerable without exploitation and are able to deliver value often with limited or even broken infrastructure, unreliable supply and under insecure conditions. Humanitarian supply chain management leadership requires a DBA thesis balanced approach between long term strategic views whilst managing the short term outcomes. Also, humanitarian leadership needs to balance decision-making between long term strategic interventions and the ability, maturity and cost structures at functional and executional levels. This conundrum is the fundamental difference between commercial supply chain management and humanitarian supply chain management. Once one understands and respects these nuances, one can measure performance and reward appropriate corrective behaviour. Zig Ziglar once said: “If you aim at nothing, you will hit it every time”. The question that has been asked for so long has been “how to measure supply chain management efficacy in humanitarian supply environments?” This study addresses this question of developing a framework to measure supply chain efficacy in humanitarian supply environments with the view to create an enabling environment within which service levels could enhance the impact of donor funding whilst the needs of intended beneficiaries are better served. During field research, ten key focus areas and sixty-five supply chain management elements were identified. These sixty-five elements were tested via two surveys making use of the Delphi technique. Four of the sixty-five SCM elements were eliminated following the second survey due to high disagreement between the respondents, and a further two were eliminated based on expert opinion feedback from the respondents leaving fifty-nine elements being significantly important for inclusion in the framework. Three additional elements were identified by the respondents but not empirically verified and therefore not included in the proposed frameworks but could be included in future research. Fifty-seven of the sixty-five elements can be directly controlled by the SCM function. However, four of these fifty-seven elements were eliminated during the second survey and a further two were eliminated reviewing the feedback from respondents leaving fifty-one elements under the direct control of the SCM function.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Linford, Pierre
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Humanitarian intervention , Business logistics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8155 , vital:25131
- Description: Supply chain management in the for-profit commercial environment is a broad, far-reaching field of study, impacting on a society’s standard of living. Commercial supply chain management is the science of balancing customer service levels with least total costs. In other words, the for-profit supply chain management practitioner is concerned with customer service levels, consumer value, shareholder value, total cost optimisation and ultimately maximising long term sustainable return on investment. Commercial supply chain management differs from military supply chain management in that the latter also focuses on service delivery, but the cost is almost irrelevant. In military operations, successful results (winning the battle) far surpass the total cost parameter or the return on investment. One of the major differentiating factors between commercial supply chain management (CSCM) in the for-profit theatre and humanitarian supply chain management (HSCM) in the not-for-profit supply environments hinges on strategic intent and how to measure success. In CSCM, return on investment (ROI) is key and in HSCM, the ability to create impact becomes paramount. Regarding spend, both CSCM and HSCM are concerned with optimising operational spend, optimal utilisation of capital goods and infrastructure as well as minimising the cost of goods, works and services. Commercial supply chain managers want to spend as little as possible on operational expenses similarly to their humanitarian counterparts but humanitarian supply chain managers are also concerned about underspending of donor funded programming. Humanitarian programming often happens under difficult and dangerous circumstances. This requires a special cadre of professionals who are willing to serve the most vulnerable without exploitation and are able to deliver value often with limited or even broken infrastructure, unreliable supply and under insecure conditions. Humanitarian supply chain management leadership requires a DBA thesis balanced approach between long term strategic views whilst managing the short term outcomes. Also, humanitarian leadership needs to balance decision-making between long term strategic interventions and the ability, maturity and cost structures at functional and executional levels. This conundrum is the fundamental difference between commercial supply chain management and humanitarian supply chain management. Once one understands and respects these nuances, one can measure performance and reward appropriate corrective behaviour. Zig Ziglar once said: “If you aim at nothing, you will hit it every time”. The question that has been asked for so long has been “how to measure supply chain management efficacy in humanitarian supply environments?” This study addresses this question of developing a framework to measure supply chain efficacy in humanitarian supply environments with the view to create an enabling environment within which service levels could enhance the impact of donor funding whilst the needs of intended beneficiaries are better served. During field research, ten key focus areas and sixty-five supply chain management elements were identified. These sixty-five elements were tested via two surveys making use of the Delphi technique. Four of the sixty-five SCM elements were eliminated following the second survey due to high disagreement between the respondents, and a further two were eliminated based on expert opinion feedback from the respondents leaving fifty-nine elements being significantly important for inclusion in the framework. Three additional elements were identified by the respondents but not empirically verified and therefore not included in the proposed frameworks but could be included in future research. Fifty-seven of the sixty-five elements can be directly controlled by the SCM function. However, four of these fifty-seven elements were eliminated during the second survey and a further two were eliminated reviewing the feedback from respondents leaving fifty-one elements under the direct control of the SCM function.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A geochemical and morphological investigation of placer gold grains from the southern Seward Peninsula, Alaska : implications for source and transport mechanisms
- Gauntlett, Ernest John Herbert
- Authors: Gauntlett, Ernest John Herbert
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Placer deposits -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Gold alloys , Gold mines and mining -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Geochemical surveys -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Trace elements -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Drift -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Gold -- Standards of fineness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5085 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018202
- Description: [Partial abstract]: This study presents the first detailed geochemical and morphological characterisation of gold grains from the southern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, a region with significant historical and on-going placer gold mining. Quantitative Au, Ag, Hg, and Cu data are presented for gold grains from eleven sites. Additionally, quantitative Te, W, As, and Sb trace element data are presented for gold grains from ten of the eleven sites. Although it is acknowledged that quantitative trace element analysis of gold grains is a relatively new endeavour, the limited trace element data obtained in this study suggest that trace element analysis could be useful for characterising gold sources on the southern Seward Peninsula. Major and minor element geochemical profiling is sufficient at differentiating between sites from regional provenance systems but insufficient at differentiating between sites within a single system. Differentiating among sites within a single system will likely require microchemical analysis of mineral inclusions and analysis of trace element signatures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Gauntlett, Ernest John Herbert
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Placer deposits -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Gold alloys , Gold mines and mining -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Geochemical surveys -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Trace elements -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Drift -- Alaska -- Seward Peninsula , Gold -- Standards of fineness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5085 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018202
- Description: [Partial abstract]: This study presents the first detailed geochemical and morphological characterisation of gold grains from the southern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, a region with significant historical and on-going placer gold mining. Quantitative Au, Ag, Hg, and Cu data are presented for gold grains from eleven sites. Additionally, quantitative Te, W, As, and Sb trace element data are presented for gold grains from ten of the eleven sites. Although it is acknowledged that quantitative trace element analysis of gold grains is a relatively new endeavour, the limited trace element data obtained in this study suggest that trace element analysis could be useful for characterising gold sources on the southern Seward Peninsula. Major and minor element geochemical profiling is sufficient at differentiating between sites from regional provenance systems but insufficient at differentiating between sites within a single system. Differentiating among sites within a single system will likely require microchemical analysis of mineral inclusions and analysis of trace element signatures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A geoscientific framework for the proposed site of South Africa's second nuclear power plant: Thyspunt, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Claassen, Debbie
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Geology, Structural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Geology, Stratigraphic , Geochemistry , Rock mechanics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10678 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021182
- Description: This study describes the bedrock lithologies and structure of the Ordovician to early Devonian (485-419 Ma) Table Mountain Group (TMG), the Devonian (419-358 Ma) lower Bokkeveld Group, and the Miocene to Holocene (<23 Ma) overburden sediments of the Algoa Group within an area identified by Eskom for the potential construction of South Africa’s second proposed nuclear power plant (NPP), ‘Nuclear-1’. The study area is located along the southern coastal margin of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, between Oyster Bay and St. Francis (approximately 88 km west of Port Elizabeth), and encompasses the Thyspunt site where the proposed NPP will be built. The study aims to supplement existing information about the Thyspunt area, related to the geoscientific topic ‘Geological Setting’, as outlined in section 2.5.1.1 of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) Standard Review Plan NUREG-800, which details the geological information required for review of a proposed NPP. The results obtained from geoscientific studies are used to determine geological factors that may potentially affect site specific design. Factors considered include: bedrock lithology, stratigraphic bedrock contacts, bedrock palaeotopography, thickness of overburden sediments and structural geology. Work by previous authors is combined with new data to create a GIS based 2½D model of the study area’s geology (geomodel) and on which future research or interpretations can be based. Field mapping and petrographic analyses of the TMG, comprising the Peninsula, Cedarberg, Goudini, Skurweberg and Baviaanskloof Formations as well as the lower undifferentiated Bokkeveld Group were undertaken to define the study area’s lithologies and structure. Interpretation of geophysical results and the integration of existing borehole data aided in defining the variability in overburden sediments, the identification of contacts between TMG formations beneath overburden, and the palaeotopography of bedrock. Borehole data indicates a clear N-S trend in the thickness distribution of Algoa Group aeolian and marine related sediments. Four coast-parallel trending thickness zones (zones A – D) are recognized within the study area. At Thyspunt overburden thickness reaches a maximum of 61 m, approximately 1200 m from the coastline, in areas underlain by the argillaceous Goudini and Cedarberg Formations. Overburden thickness is influenced by a combination of dune relief, bedrock lithology, palaeotopography and the area’s sediment supply. Interpolation of bedrock elevation points and detailed cross sections across bedrock reveals four NW-SE trending palaeovalleys at Thyspunt, Tony’s Bay, Cape St. Francis and St. Francis, where bedrock relief (beneath overburden) is formed to be below present day sea-level. Approximately 450 m NW of Thys Bay, a 1050 m2 (area below sea-level) palaeovalley, gently sloping SE to a depth of -15.5 m asl, is cut into strata of the Goudini Formation resulting in thicker overburden fill in that area. Structural analysis of the TMG confirms that NE-SW striking strata form part of the regional SE plunging, north verging Cape St. Francis anticline. Bedding inclination is controlled by the distance away from the fold axis, varying from a 5° SE dip along the broad fold hinge to 65° along its moderately steeper SE limb. Folds within the study area plunge gently southeastward at shallow angles, with axial planes dipping steeply SW or NE. Fold axes orientated perpendicular to the fold axis of the Cape St. Francis anticline indicate a secondary stress orientation oblique to the main palaeostress direction. The previously identified 40 km long, NW-SE trending Cape St. Francis fault occurring offshore within 17.5 km of Thyspunt show no onshore continuation within the bounds of the study area. Late jointing is pervasive within the study area and four joint systems are identified. The dominant joint set J1, trends N-S to NNE - SSW; perpendicular to bedding and has a subvertical dip. Normal right-lateral and left-lateral micro-faults dip subvertically, with a displacement that ranges from a few centimetres to <3 m. Micro-faults trend parallel to joints sets J1 and J4 (ESE-WSW). Inferred faults, identified by the Atomic Energy Co-operation (AEC), are interpreted as zones of closely spaced jointing (shatter zones), and show little to no recognizable displacement. Faults and joints do not extend into the younger cover deposits of the Algoa Group and are therefore older than 23 Ma years.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Claassen, Debbie
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Geology, Structural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Geology, Stratigraphic , Geochemistry , Rock mechanics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10678 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021182
- Description: This study describes the bedrock lithologies and structure of the Ordovician to early Devonian (485-419 Ma) Table Mountain Group (TMG), the Devonian (419-358 Ma) lower Bokkeveld Group, and the Miocene to Holocene (<23 Ma) overburden sediments of the Algoa Group within an area identified by Eskom for the potential construction of South Africa’s second proposed nuclear power plant (NPP), ‘Nuclear-1’. The study area is located along the southern coastal margin of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, between Oyster Bay and St. Francis (approximately 88 km west of Port Elizabeth), and encompasses the Thyspunt site where the proposed NPP will be built. The study aims to supplement existing information about the Thyspunt area, related to the geoscientific topic ‘Geological Setting’, as outlined in section 2.5.1.1 of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) Standard Review Plan NUREG-800, which details the geological information required for review of a proposed NPP. The results obtained from geoscientific studies are used to determine geological factors that may potentially affect site specific design. Factors considered include: bedrock lithology, stratigraphic bedrock contacts, bedrock palaeotopography, thickness of overburden sediments and structural geology. Work by previous authors is combined with new data to create a GIS based 2½D model of the study area’s geology (geomodel) and on which future research or interpretations can be based. Field mapping and petrographic analyses of the TMG, comprising the Peninsula, Cedarberg, Goudini, Skurweberg and Baviaanskloof Formations as well as the lower undifferentiated Bokkeveld Group were undertaken to define the study area’s lithologies and structure. Interpretation of geophysical results and the integration of existing borehole data aided in defining the variability in overburden sediments, the identification of contacts between TMG formations beneath overburden, and the palaeotopography of bedrock. Borehole data indicates a clear N-S trend in the thickness distribution of Algoa Group aeolian and marine related sediments. Four coast-parallel trending thickness zones (zones A – D) are recognized within the study area. At Thyspunt overburden thickness reaches a maximum of 61 m, approximately 1200 m from the coastline, in areas underlain by the argillaceous Goudini and Cedarberg Formations. Overburden thickness is influenced by a combination of dune relief, bedrock lithology, palaeotopography and the area’s sediment supply. Interpolation of bedrock elevation points and detailed cross sections across bedrock reveals four NW-SE trending palaeovalleys at Thyspunt, Tony’s Bay, Cape St. Francis and St. Francis, where bedrock relief (beneath overburden) is formed to be below present day sea-level. Approximately 450 m NW of Thys Bay, a 1050 m2 (area below sea-level) palaeovalley, gently sloping SE to a depth of -15.5 m asl, is cut into strata of the Goudini Formation resulting in thicker overburden fill in that area. Structural analysis of the TMG confirms that NE-SW striking strata form part of the regional SE plunging, north verging Cape St. Francis anticline. Bedding inclination is controlled by the distance away from the fold axis, varying from a 5° SE dip along the broad fold hinge to 65° along its moderately steeper SE limb. Folds within the study area plunge gently southeastward at shallow angles, with axial planes dipping steeply SW or NE. Fold axes orientated perpendicular to the fold axis of the Cape St. Francis anticline indicate a secondary stress orientation oblique to the main palaeostress direction. The previously identified 40 km long, NW-SE trending Cape St. Francis fault occurring offshore within 17.5 km of Thyspunt show no onshore continuation within the bounds of the study area. Late jointing is pervasive within the study area and four joint systems are identified. The dominant joint set J1, trends N-S to NNE - SSW; perpendicular to bedding and has a subvertical dip. Normal right-lateral and left-lateral micro-faults dip subvertically, with a displacement that ranges from a few centimetres to <3 m. Micro-faults trend parallel to joints sets J1 and J4 (ESE-WSW). Inferred faults, identified by the Atomic Energy Co-operation (AEC), are interpreted as zones of closely spaced jointing (shatter zones), and show little to no recognizable displacement. Faults and joints do not extend into the younger cover deposits of the Algoa Group and are therefore older than 23 Ma years.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A hermeneutic exploration of men's narratives of manhood
- Authors: Brown, Jade Draylene Thelma
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Men -- Identity Hermeneutics Men -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13620 , vital:39685
- Description: Manhood is a construction which must be ‘achieved’ by men and boys (Gilmore, 1990). A male child must learn to perform these constructions early in life, and then sustain this performance throughout life (Gilmore, 1990; Hurley, 2004). Booth (2012) argues that manhood is a subjective concept particular to each man’s unique set of identifications. This includes the influences of various contexts upon these life performances. Within South African historical and cultural contexts, the impact of apartheid upon manhood has to be acknowledged (Vandello, Bosson, Burnaford & Weaver, 2010; Morrell, 2001 & 2005). This study qualitatively takes a look into what manhood is perceived to mean, within various social contexts. A hermeneutic methodology is utilised within a poststructuralist framework to unpack the meaning and unique identifications of each participant interview. The data findings emphasise that there are multiple modes of manhood, which are enacted by different men as well as by the same men within different situations. Gender identity is therefore significantly flexible in principle although it is formed into specific categories under certain historical and cultural conditions (Barker, 2012). Manhood in South Africa can therefore be understood to be influenced by different historical and cultural elements. South African men may live within a conflictual space between historical and cultural discourses of manhood as well as western discourses of manhood.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Brown, Jade Draylene Thelma
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Men -- Identity Hermeneutics Men -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13620 , vital:39685
- Description: Manhood is a construction which must be ‘achieved’ by men and boys (Gilmore, 1990). A male child must learn to perform these constructions early in life, and then sustain this performance throughout life (Gilmore, 1990; Hurley, 2004). Booth (2012) argues that manhood is a subjective concept particular to each man’s unique set of identifications. This includes the influences of various contexts upon these life performances. Within South African historical and cultural contexts, the impact of apartheid upon manhood has to be acknowledged (Vandello, Bosson, Burnaford & Weaver, 2010; Morrell, 2001 & 2005). This study qualitatively takes a look into what manhood is perceived to mean, within various social contexts. A hermeneutic methodology is utilised within a poststructuralist framework to unpack the meaning and unique identifications of each participant interview. The data findings emphasise that there are multiple modes of manhood, which are enacted by different men as well as by the same men within different situations. Gender identity is therefore significantly flexible in principle although it is formed into specific categories under certain historical and cultural conditions (Barker, 2012). Manhood in South Africa can therefore be understood to be influenced by different historical and cultural elements. South African men may live within a conflictual space between historical and cultural discourses of manhood as well as western discourses of manhood.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A light-emitting-diode pulsing system for measurement of time-resolved luminescence
- Authors: Uriri, Solomon Akpore
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:20976 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5788
- Description: A new light-emitting-diode based pulsing system for measurement of time-resolved luminescence has been developed. The light-emitting-diodes are pulsed at various pulse-widths by a 555-timer operated as a monostable multivibrator. The light-emitting-diodes are arranged in a dural holder connected in parallel in sets of four, each containing four diodes in series. The output pulse from the 555-timer is fed into an 2N7000 MOSFET to produce a pulse-current of 500 mA to drive the set of 16 light-emitting-diodes. This size of current is sufficient to drive the diodes with each driven at a pulse-current of 90 mA with a possible maximum of 110 mA per diode. A multichannel scaler is used to trigger the pulsing system and to record data at selectable dwell times. The system is capable of generating pulse-widths in the range of microseconds upwards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Uriri, Solomon Akpore
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:20976 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5788
- Description: A new light-emitting-diode based pulsing system for measurement of time-resolved luminescence has been developed. The light-emitting-diodes are pulsed at various pulse-widths by a 555-timer operated as a monostable multivibrator. The light-emitting-diodes are arranged in a dural holder connected in parallel in sets of four, each containing four diodes in series. The output pulse from the 555-timer is fed into an 2N7000 MOSFET to produce a pulse-current of 500 mA to drive the set of 16 light-emitting-diodes. This size of current is sufficient to drive the diodes with each driven at a pulse-current of 90 mA with a possible maximum of 110 mA per diode. A multichannel scaler is used to trigger the pulsing system and to record data at selectable dwell times. The system is capable of generating pulse-widths in the range of microseconds upwards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A model for context awareness for mobile applications using multiple-input sources
- Authors: Pather, Direshin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Context-aware computing , Mobile apps , MIMO systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2969 , vital:20378
- Description: Context-aware computing enables mobile applications to discover and benefit from valuable context information, such as user location, time of day and current activity. However, determining the users’ context throughout their daily activities is one of the main challenges of context-aware computing. With the increasing number of built-in mobile sensors and other input sources, existing context models do not effectively handle context information related to personal user context. The objective of this research was to develop an improved context-aware model to support the context awareness needs of mobile applications. An existing context-aware model was selected as the most complete model to use as a basis for the proposed model to support context awareness in mobile applications. The existing context-aware model was modified to address the shortcomings of existing models in dealing with context information related to personal user context. The proposed model supports four different context dimensions, namely Physical, User Activity, Health and User Preferences. A prototype, called CoPro was developed, based on the proposed model, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. Several experiments were designed and conducted to determine if CoPro was effective, reliable and capable. CoPro was considered effective as it produced low-level context as well as inferred context. The reliability of the model was confirmed by evaluating CoPro using Quality of Context (QoC) metrics such as Accuracy, Freshness, Certainty and Completeness. CoPro was also found to be capable of dealing with the limitations of the mobile computing platform such as limited processing power. The research determined that the proposed context-aware model can be used to successfully support context awareness in mobile applications. Design recommendations were proposed and future work will involve converting the CoPro prototype into middleware in the form of an API to provide easier access to context awareness support in mobile applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Pather, Direshin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Context-aware computing , Mobile apps , MIMO systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2969 , vital:20378
- Description: Context-aware computing enables mobile applications to discover and benefit from valuable context information, such as user location, time of day and current activity. However, determining the users’ context throughout their daily activities is one of the main challenges of context-aware computing. With the increasing number of built-in mobile sensors and other input sources, existing context models do not effectively handle context information related to personal user context. The objective of this research was to develop an improved context-aware model to support the context awareness needs of mobile applications. An existing context-aware model was selected as the most complete model to use as a basis for the proposed model to support context awareness in mobile applications. The existing context-aware model was modified to address the shortcomings of existing models in dealing with context information related to personal user context. The proposed model supports four different context dimensions, namely Physical, User Activity, Health and User Preferences. A prototype, called CoPro was developed, based on the proposed model, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. Several experiments were designed and conducted to determine if CoPro was effective, reliable and capable. CoPro was considered effective as it produced low-level context as well as inferred context. The reliability of the model was confirmed by evaluating CoPro using Quality of Context (QoC) metrics such as Accuracy, Freshness, Certainty and Completeness. CoPro was also found to be capable of dealing with the limitations of the mobile computing platform such as limited processing power. The research determined that the proposed context-aware model can be used to successfully support context awareness in mobile applications. Design recommendations were proposed and future work will involve converting the CoPro prototype into middleware in the form of an API to provide easier access to context awareness support in mobile applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A model for mobile, context-aware in-car communication systems to reduce driver distractions
- Authors: Tchankue-Sielinou, Patrick
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Automobiles -- Safety measures , Context-aware computing , Mobile communication systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4144 , vital:20556
- Description: Driver distraction remains a matter of concern throughout the world as the number of car accidents caused by distracted driving is still unacceptably high. Industry and academia are working intensively to design new techniques that will address all types of driver distraction including visual, manual, auditory and cognitive distraction. This research focuses on an existing technology, namely in-car communication systems (ICCS). ICCS allow drivers to interact with their mobile phones without touching or looking at them. Previous research suggests that ICCS have reduced visual and manual distraction. Two problems were identified in this research: existing ICCS are still expensive and only available in limited models of car. As a result of that, only a small number of drivers can obtain a car equipped with an ICCS, especially in developing countries. The second problem is that existing ICCS are not aware of the driving context, which plays a role in distracting drivers. This research project was based on the following thesis statement: A mobile, context-aware model can be designed to reduce driver distraction caused by the use of ICCS. A mobile ICCS is portable and can be used in any car, addressing the first problem. Context-awareness will be used to detect possible situations that contribute to distracting drivers and the interaction with the mobile ICCS will be adapted so as to avert calls and text messages. This will address the second problem. As the driving context is dynamic, drivers may have to deal with critical safety-related tasks while they are using an existing ICCS. The following steps were taken in order to validate the thesis statement. An investigation was conducted into the causes and consequences of driver distraction. A review of literature was conducted on context-aware techniques that could potentially be used. The design of a model was proposed, called the Multimodal Interface for Mobile Info-communication with Context (MIMIC) and a preliminary usability evaluation was conducted in order to assess the feasibility of a speech-based, mobile ICCS. Despite some problems with the speech recognition, the results were satisfying and showed that the proposed model for mobile ICCS was feasible. Experiments were conducted in order to collect data to perform supervised learning to determine the driving context. The aim was to select the most effective machine learning techniques to determine the driving context. Decision tree and instance-based algorithms were found to be the best performing algorithms. Variables such as speed, acceleration and linear acceleration were found to be the most important variables according to an analysis of the decision tree. The initial MIMIC model was updated to include several adaptation effects and the resulting model was implemented as a prototype mobile application, called MIMIC-Prototype.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Tchankue-Sielinou, Patrick
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Automobiles -- Safety measures , Context-aware computing , Mobile communication systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4144 , vital:20556
- Description: Driver distraction remains a matter of concern throughout the world as the number of car accidents caused by distracted driving is still unacceptably high. Industry and academia are working intensively to design new techniques that will address all types of driver distraction including visual, manual, auditory and cognitive distraction. This research focuses on an existing technology, namely in-car communication systems (ICCS). ICCS allow drivers to interact with their mobile phones without touching or looking at them. Previous research suggests that ICCS have reduced visual and manual distraction. Two problems were identified in this research: existing ICCS are still expensive and only available in limited models of car. As a result of that, only a small number of drivers can obtain a car equipped with an ICCS, especially in developing countries. The second problem is that existing ICCS are not aware of the driving context, which plays a role in distracting drivers. This research project was based on the following thesis statement: A mobile, context-aware model can be designed to reduce driver distraction caused by the use of ICCS. A mobile ICCS is portable and can be used in any car, addressing the first problem. Context-awareness will be used to detect possible situations that contribute to distracting drivers and the interaction with the mobile ICCS will be adapted so as to avert calls and text messages. This will address the second problem. As the driving context is dynamic, drivers may have to deal with critical safety-related tasks while they are using an existing ICCS. The following steps were taken in order to validate the thesis statement. An investigation was conducted into the causes and consequences of driver distraction. A review of literature was conducted on context-aware techniques that could potentially be used. The design of a model was proposed, called the Multimodal Interface for Mobile Info-communication with Context (MIMIC) and a preliminary usability evaluation was conducted in order to assess the feasibility of a speech-based, mobile ICCS. Despite some problems with the speech recognition, the results were satisfying and showed that the proposed model for mobile ICCS was feasible. Experiments were conducted in order to collect data to perform supervised learning to determine the driving context. The aim was to select the most effective machine learning techniques to determine the driving context. Decision tree and instance-based algorithms were found to be the best performing algorithms. Variables such as speed, acceleration and linear acceleration were found to be the most important variables according to an analysis of the decision tree. The initial MIMIC model was updated to include several adaptation effects and the resulting model was implemented as a prototype mobile application, called MIMIC-Prototype.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A multiscale remote sensing assessment of subtropical indigenous forests along the wild coast, South Africa
- Authors: Blessing, Sithole Vhusomuzi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Forests and forestry -- South Africa -- Remote sensing , Forest conservation , Remote sensing , Geographic information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10677 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021169
- Description: The subtropical forests located along South Africa’s Wild Coast region, declared as one of the biodiversity hotspots, provide benefits to the local and national economy. However, there is evidence of increased pressure exerted on the forests by growing population and reduced income from activities not related to forest products. The ability of remote sensing to quantify subtropical forest changes over time, perform species discrimination (using field spectroscopy) and integrating field spectral and multispectral data were all assessed in this study. Investigations were conducted at pixel, leaf and sub-pixel levels. Both per-pixel and sub-pixel classification methods were used for improved forest characterisation. Using SPOT 6 imagery for 2013, the study determined the best classification algorithm for mapping sub-tropical forest and other land cover types to be the maximum likelihood classifier. Maximum likelihood outperformed minimum distance, spectral angle mapper and spectral information divergence algorithms, based on overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient values. Forest change analysis was made based on spectral measurements made at top of the atmosphere (TOC) level. When applied to the 2005 and 2009 SPOT 5 images, subtropical forest changes between 2005-2009 and 2009-2013 were quantified. A temporal analysis of forest cover trends in the periods 2005-2009 and 2009-2013 identified a decreasing trend of -3648.42 and -946.98 ha respectively, which translated to 7.81 percent and 2.20 percent decrease. Although there is evidence of a trend towards decreased rates of forest loss, more conservation efforts are required to protect the Wild Coast ecosystem. Using field spectral measurements data, the hierarchical method (comprising One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and Jeffries Matusita method) successfully selected optimal wavelengths for species discrimination at leaf level. Only 17 out of 2150 wavelengths were identified, thereby reducing the complexities related to data dimensionality. The optimal 17 wavelength bands were noted in the visible (438, 442, 512 and 695 nm), near infrared (724, 729, 750, 758, 856, 936, 1179, 1507 and 1673 nm) and mid-infrared (2220, 2465, 2469 and 2482 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Jeffries-Matusita (JM) distance method confirmed the separability of the selected wavelength bands. Using these 17 wavelengths, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classified subtropical species at leaf level more accurately than partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and random forest (RF). In addition, the study integrated field-collected canopy spectral and multispectral data to discriminate proportions of semi-deciduous and evergreen subtropical forests at sub-pixel level. By using the 2013 land cover (using MLC) to mask non-forested portions before sub-pixel classification (using MTMF), the proportional maps were a product of two classifiers. The proportional maps show higher proportions of evergreen forests along the coast while semi-deciduous subtropical forest species were mainly on inland parts of the Wild Coast. These maps had high accuracy, thereby proving the ability of an integration of field spectral and multispectral data in mapping semi-deciduous and evergreen forest species. Overall, the study has demonstrated the importance of the MLC and LDA and served to integrate field spectral and multispectral data in subtropical forest characterisation at both leaf and top-of-atmosphere levels. The success of both the MLC and LDA further highlighted how essential parametric classifiers are in remote sensing forestry applications. Main subtropical characteristics highlighted in this study were species discrimination at leaf level, quantifying forest change at pixel level and discriminating semi-deciduous and evergreen forests at sub-pixel level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Blessing, Sithole Vhusomuzi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Forests and forestry -- South Africa -- Remote sensing , Forest conservation , Remote sensing , Geographic information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10677 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021169
- Description: The subtropical forests located along South Africa’s Wild Coast region, declared as one of the biodiversity hotspots, provide benefits to the local and national economy. However, there is evidence of increased pressure exerted on the forests by growing population and reduced income from activities not related to forest products. The ability of remote sensing to quantify subtropical forest changes over time, perform species discrimination (using field spectroscopy) and integrating field spectral and multispectral data were all assessed in this study. Investigations were conducted at pixel, leaf and sub-pixel levels. Both per-pixel and sub-pixel classification methods were used for improved forest characterisation. Using SPOT 6 imagery for 2013, the study determined the best classification algorithm for mapping sub-tropical forest and other land cover types to be the maximum likelihood classifier. Maximum likelihood outperformed minimum distance, spectral angle mapper and spectral information divergence algorithms, based on overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient values. Forest change analysis was made based on spectral measurements made at top of the atmosphere (TOC) level. When applied to the 2005 and 2009 SPOT 5 images, subtropical forest changes between 2005-2009 and 2009-2013 were quantified. A temporal analysis of forest cover trends in the periods 2005-2009 and 2009-2013 identified a decreasing trend of -3648.42 and -946.98 ha respectively, which translated to 7.81 percent and 2.20 percent decrease. Although there is evidence of a trend towards decreased rates of forest loss, more conservation efforts are required to protect the Wild Coast ecosystem. Using field spectral measurements data, the hierarchical method (comprising One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and Jeffries Matusita method) successfully selected optimal wavelengths for species discrimination at leaf level. Only 17 out of 2150 wavelengths were identified, thereby reducing the complexities related to data dimensionality. The optimal 17 wavelength bands were noted in the visible (438, 442, 512 and 695 nm), near infrared (724, 729, 750, 758, 856, 936, 1179, 1507 and 1673 nm) and mid-infrared (2220, 2465, 2469 and 2482 nm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Jeffries-Matusita (JM) distance method confirmed the separability of the selected wavelength bands. Using these 17 wavelengths, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classified subtropical species at leaf level more accurately than partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and random forest (RF). In addition, the study integrated field-collected canopy spectral and multispectral data to discriminate proportions of semi-deciduous and evergreen subtropical forests at sub-pixel level. By using the 2013 land cover (using MLC) to mask non-forested portions before sub-pixel classification (using MTMF), the proportional maps were a product of two classifiers. The proportional maps show higher proportions of evergreen forests along the coast while semi-deciduous subtropical forest species were mainly on inland parts of the Wild Coast. These maps had high accuracy, thereby proving the ability of an integration of field spectral and multispectral data in mapping semi-deciduous and evergreen forest species. Overall, the study has demonstrated the importance of the MLC and LDA and served to integrate field spectral and multispectral data in subtropical forest characterisation at both leaf and top-of-atmosphere levels. The success of both the MLC and LDA further highlighted how essential parametric classifiers are in remote sensing forestry applications. Main subtropical characteristics highlighted in this study were species discrimination at leaf level, quantifying forest change at pixel level and discriminating semi-deciduous and evergreen forests at sub-pixel level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A narrative exploration of the experiences of children from child-headed households into early adulthood : a case study of Nkonkobe District, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Sumbulu, Manowa Abie
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Children's rights--South Africa--Eastern Cape Child caregivers--South Africa--Eastern Cape Children--Legal status, laws, etc.--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Social Work
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11850 , vital:39112
- Description: The past three decades have seen dramatic changes within the childcare system. There has been a bourgeoning death rate of child-bearing parents resulting in an unprecedentedly high number of parentless children (orphans) leading to the formation of child-headed households (CHHs). This formation came about as a result of the paucity of informal care for such children as well as the incapacity of the formal child care system. Most of these children are disadvantages with the prospect of facing a bleak future. However, some of them survive and presumably make it in life despite the odds. It is resilience and strengths they have in coping with their life’s’ situations that the research addresses. An exploratory-descriptive and qualitative design was applied in this research as well as Guba's (1981) approach to ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research. A systematic probability sampling procedure was applied in selecting participants. A semi-structured interview schedule with open-ended questions was applied to both the pilot study and to the study proper. The latter was conducted in the form of fourteen in-depth interviews and a focus group of eight discussants. The protocols were explicated in terms of a full delineation of the themes while the data were analysed by utilizing the thematic approach based on the grounded theory. Three developmental stages were identified: their base before becoming a child-headed household; the transition stage when they were in the child-headed household and the central narrative of how they progressed and coped since leaving the CHH. The third stage was the time for reflecting on what they had gone through and offered advice on coping capacity to children who might find themselves in child-headed households. Each of these stages has been marked by its highs and lows as they navigate through life and developing coping strategies. Some of these coping mechanisms were stage-specific while others persisted through all the stages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Sumbulu, Manowa Abie
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Children's rights--South Africa--Eastern Cape Child caregivers--South Africa--Eastern Cape Children--Legal status, laws, etc.--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Social Work
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11850 , vital:39112
- Description: The past three decades have seen dramatic changes within the childcare system. There has been a bourgeoning death rate of child-bearing parents resulting in an unprecedentedly high number of parentless children (orphans) leading to the formation of child-headed households (CHHs). This formation came about as a result of the paucity of informal care for such children as well as the incapacity of the formal child care system. Most of these children are disadvantages with the prospect of facing a bleak future. However, some of them survive and presumably make it in life despite the odds. It is resilience and strengths they have in coping with their life’s’ situations that the research addresses. An exploratory-descriptive and qualitative design was applied in this research as well as Guba's (1981) approach to ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research. A systematic probability sampling procedure was applied in selecting participants. A semi-structured interview schedule with open-ended questions was applied to both the pilot study and to the study proper. The latter was conducted in the form of fourteen in-depth interviews and a focus group of eight discussants. The protocols were explicated in terms of a full delineation of the themes while the data were analysed by utilizing the thematic approach based on the grounded theory. Three developmental stages were identified: their base before becoming a child-headed household; the transition stage when they were in the child-headed household and the central narrative of how they progressed and coped since leaving the CHH. The third stage was the time for reflecting on what they had gone through and offered advice on coping capacity to children who might find themselves in child-headed households. Each of these stages has been marked by its highs and lows as they navigate through life and developing coping strategies. Some of these coping mechanisms were stage-specific while others persisted through all the stages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A narrative-discursive analysis of abortion decision making in Zimbabwe:
- Chiweshe, Malvern T, Macleod, Catriona I
- Authors: Chiweshe, Malvern T , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143882 , vital:38291 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: The available research on abortion-decision-making tends to focus on the ‘factors’ or ‘influences’ that are seen to affect abortion decision-making. This approach is rarely able to account for the complex, multi-faceted nature of abortion decision-making, and is often not located within a framework that can unpick the complex array of power relations that underpin the ‘process’ of abortion decision-making. Data reported on in this paper were collected from three sites in Zimbabwe. Narrative interviews were conducted with 18 women who had terminated pregnancies (six at each site) and semi-structured interviews were conducted with six service providers. The women employed discursive resources around stigma, religion, health and culture in telling stories around abortion shame, abortion as justified and the fearful, secretive act of abortion. Comparisons of the way women positioned themselves and how they were positioned by health service providers point to the availability and embeddedness of social discourses and power relations that work to enable/constrain reproductive justice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chiweshe, Malvern T , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143882 , vital:38291 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: The available research on abortion-decision-making tends to focus on the ‘factors’ or ‘influences’ that are seen to affect abortion decision-making. This approach is rarely able to account for the complex, multi-faceted nature of abortion decision-making, and is often not located within a framework that can unpick the complex array of power relations that underpin the ‘process’ of abortion decision-making. Data reported on in this paper were collected from three sites in Zimbabwe. Narrative interviews were conducted with 18 women who had terminated pregnancies (six at each site) and semi-structured interviews were conducted with six service providers. The women employed discursive resources around stigma, religion, health and culture in telling stories around abortion shame, abortion as justified and the fearful, secretive act of abortion. Comparisons of the way women positioned themselves and how they were positioned by health service providers point to the availability and embeddedness of social discourses and power relations that work to enable/constrain reproductive justice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A natural user interface architecture using gestures to facilitate the detection of fundamental movement skills
- Authors: Amanzi, Richard
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Human activity recognition , Human-computer interaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6204 , vital:21055
- Description: Fundamental movement skills (FMSs) are considered to be one of the essential phases of motor skill development. The proper development of FMSs allows children to participate in more advanced forms of movements and sports. To be able to perform an FMS correctly, children need to learn the right way of performing it. By making use of technology, a system can be developed that can help facilitate the learning of FMSs. The objective of the research was to propose an effective natural user interface (NUI) architecture for detecting FMSs using the Kinect. In order to achieve the stated objective, an investigation into FMSs and the challenges faced when teaching them was presented. An investigation into NUIs was also presented including the merits of the Kinect as the most appropriate device to be used to facilitate the detection of an FMS. An NUI architecture was proposed that uses the Kinect to facilitate the detection of an FMS. A framework was implemented from the design of the architecture. The successful implementation of the framework provides evidence that the design of the proposed architecture is feasible. An instance of the framework incorporating the jump FMS was used as a case study in the development of a prototype that detects the correct and incorrect performance of a jump. The evaluation of the prototype proved the following: - The developed prototype was effective in detecting the correct and incorrect performance of the jump FMS; and - The implemented framework was robust for the incorporation of an FMS. The successful implementation of the prototype shows that an effective NUI architecture using the Kinect can be used to facilitate the detection of FMSs. The proposed architecture provides a structured way of developing a system using the Kinect to facilitate the detection of FMSs. This allows developers to add future FMSs to the system. This dissertation therefore makes the following contributions: - An experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of a prototype that detects FMSs - A robust framework that incorporates FMSs; and - An effective NUI architecture to facilitate the detection of fundamental movement skills using the Kinect.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Amanzi, Richard
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Human activity recognition , Human-computer interaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6204 , vital:21055
- Description: Fundamental movement skills (FMSs) are considered to be one of the essential phases of motor skill development. The proper development of FMSs allows children to participate in more advanced forms of movements and sports. To be able to perform an FMS correctly, children need to learn the right way of performing it. By making use of technology, a system can be developed that can help facilitate the learning of FMSs. The objective of the research was to propose an effective natural user interface (NUI) architecture for detecting FMSs using the Kinect. In order to achieve the stated objective, an investigation into FMSs and the challenges faced when teaching them was presented. An investigation into NUIs was also presented including the merits of the Kinect as the most appropriate device to be used to facilitate the detection of an FMS. An NUI architecture was proposed that uses the Kinect to facilitate the detection of an FMS. A framework was implemented from the design of the architecture. The successful implementation of the framework provides evidence that the design of the proposed architecture is feasible. An instance of the framework incorporating the jump FMS was used as a case study in the development of a prototype that detects the correct and incorrect performance of a jump. The evaluation of the prototype proved the following: - The developed prototype was effective in detecting the correct and incorrect performance of the jump FMS; and - The implemented framework was robust for the incorporation of an FMS. The successful implementation of the prototype shows that an effective NUI architecture using the Kinect can be used to facilitate the detection of FMSs. The proposed architecture provides a structured way of developing a system using the Kinect to facilitate the detection of FMSs. This allows developers to add future FMSs to the system. This dissertation therefore makes the following contributions: - An experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of a prototype that detects FMSs - A robust framework that incorporates FMSs; and - An effective NUI architecture to facilitate the detection of fundamental movement skills using the Kinect.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A needs analysis of an employee wellness programme : the case of the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) of Swaziland
- Authors: Madlopha, Sboniso Charles
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Financial Services Regulatory Authority (Swaziland) , Employee health promotion -- Swaziland , Needs assessment -- Swaziland , Absenteeism (Labor) -- Swaziland , Employee morale -- Swaziland , Contracting out -- Swaziland
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:857 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018912
- Description: In 2010, the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) of Swaziland noticed a significant increase in employee absenteeism which they discovered was related mainly to: poor health (sick leave), personal and financial stress (garnishee orders were increasing), and low staff morale, the consequence of which was low productivity and missed deadlines (FSRA, 2010:7). High levels of absenteeism meant that a sizeable number of employees were unable to complete their daily tasks (FSRA, 2010:7). Consequently, in 2011, the FSRA Human Resource Department started a wellness programme for all employees in the organization in an attempt to respond to the human resource challenges reported in 2009/10 financial year. By the end of 2012, FSRA management reported that the introduction of the EWP had not yielded the expected results. This therefore prompted management to request an evaluation of the FSRA employee wellness programme. The aim of this research was to identify and prioritize the needs of employees in terms of requirements of a wellness programme and how it should be delivered. The specific objectives of the study are as follows: to identify the wellness needs of employees, to identify employee preferences in terms of the type of interventions to be included in a wellness programme, to identify the preferred mode of delivery of the wellness programme and to make recommendations to management on the design of a wellness programme. Questionnaires with closed ended questions were used to collect data for this survey. The questionnaire used is attached as Appendix A. By means of a needs analysis survey, this research was designed to assess the FSRA employees’ needs in terms of an employee wellness programme, as well as the preferred EWP delivery methods. About 70 percent of FSRA employees participated in the survey. The respondents completed the questionnaire and submitted it online over a period of 10 working days (2 weeks). This report is structured into three sections, namely; section one, which is the evaluation report that gives details of the importance of the study, highlights research methods and then present the results, discussions and recommendations. Section two deals with the literature review while section three reports on the research methodology, research design and procedures and the limitation of the study. In light of the findings on the wellness needs of employees, 72 percent of the respondents felt the current wellness programme was very inadequate and a further 10 percent added that it was inadequate in addressing their wellness needs largely because the needs were not known. The most important wellness needs identified included: exercise, nutrition, personal hygiene, disease awareness and treatment of illness, coping with stress, coping with workload, ventilation, safety, bereavement, personal debt, and retirement planning. The most preferred wellness interventions that respondents proposed include Flexible Work Schedule, Safe Workplace, Improved Ventilation, Retirement Planning Advice and Gymnasium. Further analysis done using correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the wellness needs and the wellness interventions. Concerning the delivery of the wellness programme, most of the employees indicated that outsourcing certain services was better than having them in house. The highest ranking of the services for out sourcing were nutrition education and medical checkups that ranked between 82 percent and 75 percent respectively. The respondents indicated that they want almost all the chosen interventions to be outsourced. Time slots should also be taken into consideration to ensure employee participation in the wellness programme services. The respondent FSRA employees seem to prefer interventions of an educational nature to be during the lunch hour. These include Nutrition Education, Health Education, Hygiene Education and Medical Check ups and Treatment, whereas Gymnasium was preferred to be after working hours.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Madlopha, Sboniso Charles
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Financial Services Regulatory Authority (Swaziland) , Employee health promotion -- Swaziland , Needs assessment -- Swaziland , Absenteeism (Labor) -- Swaziland , Employee morale -- Swaziland , Contracting out -- Swaziland
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:857 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018912
- Description: In 2010, the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) of Swaziland noticed a significant increase in employee absenteeism which they discovered was related mainly to: poor health (sick leave), personal and financial stress (garnishee orders were increasing), and low staff morale, the consequence of which was low productivity and missed deadlines (FSRA, 2010:7). High levels of absenteeism meant that a sizeable number of employees were unable to complete their daily tasks (FSRA, 2010:7). Consequently, in 2011, the FSRA Human Resource Department started a wellness programme for all employees in the organization in an attempt to respond to the human resource challenges reported in 2009/10 financial year. By the end of 2012, FSRA management reported that the introduction of the EWP had not yielded the expected results. This therefore prompted management to request an evaluation of the FSRA employee wellness programme. The aim of this research was to identify and prioritize the needs of employees in terms of requirements of a wellness programme and how it should be delivered. The specific objectives of the study are as follows: to identify the wellness needs of employees, to identify employee preferences in terms of the type of interventions to be included in a wellness programme, to identify the preferred mode of delivery of the wellness programme and to make recommendations to management on the design of a wellness programme. Questionnaires with closed ended questions were used to collect data for this survey. The questionnaire used is attached as Appendix A. By means of a needs analysis survey, this research was designed to assess the FSRA employees’ needs in terms of an employee wellness programme, as well as the preferred EWP delivery methods. About 70 percent of FSRA employees participated in the survey. The respondents completed the questionnaire and submitted it online over a period of 10 working days (2 weeks). This report is structured into three sections, namely; section one, which is the evaluation report that gives details of the importance of the study, highlights research methods and then present the results, discussions and recommendations. Section two deals with the literature review while section three reports on the research methodology, research design and procedures and the limitation of the study. In light of the findings on the wellness needs of employees, 72 percent of the respondents felt the current wellness programme was very inadequate and a further 10 percent added that it was inadequate in addressing their wellness needs largely because the needs were not known. The most important wellness needs identified included: exercise, nutrition, personal hygiene, disease awareness and treatment of illness, coping with stress, coping with workload, ventilation, safety, bereavement, personal debt, and retirement planning. The most preferred wellness interventions that respondents proposed include Flexible Work Schedule, Safe Workplace, Improved Ventilation, Retirement Planning Advice and Gymnasium. Further analysis done using correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the wellness needs and the wellness interventions. Concerning the delivery of the wellness programme, most of the employees indicated that outsourcing certain services was better than having them in house. The highest ranking of the services for out sourcing were nutrition education and medical checkups that ranked between 82 percent and 75 percent respectively. The respondents indicated that they want almost all the chosen interventions to be outsourced. Time slots should also be taken into consideration to ensure employee participation in the wellness programme services. The respondent FSRA employees seem to prefer interventions of an educational nature to be during the lunch hour. These include Nutrition Education, Health Education, Hygiene Education and Medical Check ups and Treatment, whereas Gymnasium was preferred to be after working hours.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A pastoral theological response to post-traumatic experiences of family members of murdered victims : a case study of Mbizana Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Ncama, Nomonde Patience
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Murder victims--South Africa Pastoral counseling Bereavement--Religious aspects--Christianity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Theology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17428 , vital:40967
- Description: The researcher wish to shed light on the health of the victims’ family members, who had in common, the traumatic experience of having one or more of their family members brutally murdered by a serial killers, and that they numbered fourteen people, who were residents in Wards 23 and 24. Nine of the fourteen victims were females and five were males, young and old. Some victims worked at Mzamba Wild Coast Cassino Hotel, one of those workers originally came from Kwa Zulu Natal at Umzimkhulu local municipality. Serial killers either attacked the victims in their homes, whilst they were fast asleep, many of the atrocities were witnessed by their children, or they were attacked in an open field when they were dropped-off from their place of work at midnight. The serial killers, used tools like hammers, to knock victims on the heads, thereby rendering them unconscious; bush knives were then used for the removal of certain body parts. Most victims were residents of Ward 24 which is nearer Mzamba Wild Coast Cassino Hotel. Many of the victims’ bodies showed evidence of head injuries, mutilation of body parts or ‘genital mutilation’, it is alleged that private parts were used for muti purposes. There was evidence that females had been raped. Post trauma was an experience that left many in the villages of Mbizana marked by fear and anxiety. When a serial murder occurred it demanded the attention of all South Africans for several reasons, especially because it dramatically threatens and profoundly challenges our sense of safety, in particular our sense of personal safety. The serial killing as a phenomenon, challenges the larger society throughout the country, it is an emotive subject. The study is concern with prolonged soul suffering without healing, a pastoral counselling services was rendered to victims’ family members with recommendation of reconciliation and forgiveness as therapeutic measures. The study concludes by calling upon the Church as congregation to include to her programmes the topic of serial killing. The study makes recommendations to the Church to empower, make awareness, teach, and offer counselling to the congregation, that denominations must approach theological institutions for an introduction of modules that cover the concept of serial killing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Ncama, Nomonde Patience
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Murder victims--South Africa Pastoral counseling Bereavement--Religious aspects--Christianity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Theology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17428 , vital:40967
- Description: The researcher wish to shed light on the health of the victims’ family members, who had in common, the traumatic experience of having one or more of their family members brutally murdered by a serial killers, and that they numbered fourteen people, who were residents in Wards 23 and 24. Nine of the fourteen victims were females and five were males, young and old. Some victims worked at Mzamba Wild Coast Cassino Hotel, one of those workers originally came from Kwa Zulu Natal at Umzimkhulu local municipality. Serial killers either attacked the victims in their homes, whilst they were fast asleep, many of the atrocities were witnessed by their children, or they were attacked in an open field when they were dropped-off from their place of work at midnight. The serial killers, used tools like hammers, to knock victims on the heads, thereby rendering them unconscious; bush knives were then used for the removal of certain body parts. Most victims were residents of Ward 24 which is nearer Mzamba Wild Coast Cassino Hotel. Many of the victims’ bodies showed evidence of head injuries, mutilation of body parts or ‘genital mutilation’, it is alleged that private parts were used for muti purposes. There was evidence that females had been raped. Post trauma was an experience that left many in the villages of Mbizana marked by fear and anxiety. When a serial murder occurred it demanded the attention of all South Africans for several reasons, especially because it dramatically threatens and profoundly challenges our sense of safety, in particular our sense of personal safety. The serial killing as a phenomenon, challenges the larger society throughout the country, it is an emotive subject. The study is concern with prolonged soul suffering without healing, a pastoral counselling services was rendered to victims’ family members with recommendation of reconciliation and forgiveness as therapeutic measures. The study concludes by calling upon the Church as congregation to include to her programmes the topic of serial killing. The study makes recommendations to the Church to empower, make awareness, teach, and offer counselling to the congregation, that denominations must approach theological institutions for an introduction of modules that cover the concept of serial killing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A photographic guide to freshwater fishes of Kenya
- Okeyo, Daniel O, Ojwang, W O
- Authors: Okeyo, Daniel O , Ojwang, W O
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Freshwater fishes -- Kenya , Freshwater fishes -- Kenya -- Indentification , Freshwater fishes -- Kenya -- Genetics
- Language: English
- Type: Ebook
- Identifier: vital:16127 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020940
- Description: This book is dedicated to the original authorities of freshwater fishes of Kenya, who made tireless efforts to describe and name fish species, before, during and post exploration times.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Okeyo, Daniel O , Ojwang, W O
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Freshwater fishes -- Kenya , Freshwater fishes -- Kenya -- Indentification , Freshwater fishes -- Kenya -- Genetics
- Language: English
- Type: Ebook
- Identifier: vital:16127 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020940
- Description: This book is dedicated to the original authorities of freshwater fishes of Kenya, who made tireless efforts to describe and name fish species, before, during and post exploration times.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015