Zusammenhangen and logical atomism in Wittgenstein's tractatus
- Authors: Dyer, Clive
- Date: 1982 , 2013-03-19
- Subjects: Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951. , Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951. Tractatus logico-philosophicus. , Logical atomism , Ontology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2734 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005929 , Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951. , Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951. Tractatus logico-philosophicus. , Logical atomism , Ontology
- Description: Introduction: The argument presented in this thesis is that Wittgenstein's answer to the question - as to how one. proposition can be generated out of another - can show a way in which the reconciliation between logical atomism and Zusammenhangen becomes obvious. In the Preliminaries an exposition of logical atomism and the Zusammenhangen thesis is given. The way in which the problem appears is then briefly exposed. The way towards a solution begins with the elucidation of Wittgenstein's picture theory of meaning and the truthfunctional analysis of a proposition. The problem is clarified in the question which now arises: i.e., given the truth-functional analysis of a proposition,. how can one proposition be generated out of another? The problem is then shown to vanish in the logical construction of a proposition and of propositions. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Dyer, Clive
- Date: 1982 , 2013-03-19
- Subjects: Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951. , Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951. Tractatus logico-philosophicus. , Logical atomism , Ontology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2734 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005929 , Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951. , Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951. Tractatus logico-philosophicus. , Logical atomism , Ontology
- Description: Introduction: The argument presented in this thesis is that Wittgenstein's answer to the question - as to how one. proposition can be generated out of another - can show a way in which the reconciliation between logical atomism and Zusammenhangen becomes obvious. In the Preliminaries an exposition of logical atomism and the Zusammenhangen thesis is given. The way in which the problem appears is then briefly exposed. The way towards a solution begins with the elucidation of Wittgenstein's picture theory of meaning and the truthfunctional analysis of a proposition. The problem is clarified in the question which now arises: i.e., given the truth-functional analysis of a proposition,. how can one proposition be generated out of another? The problem is then shown to vanish in the logical construction of a proposition and of propositions. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
Witwatersrand genesis: a comparative study of some early gold mining companies, 1886-1894
- Authors: Webb, Arthur (Arthur C M)
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- History Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- Witwatersrand -- History Ferreira Gold Mining Company (Firm) Witwatersrand Gold Mining Company (Firm) Simmer and Jack Gold Mining Company (Firm) Wemmer Gold Mining Company (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1029 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003725
- Description: Preface: For anyone standing on the ridge of the Witwatersrand on a spring day in September 1886 the sight immediately to the south represented a hive of activity and hope. Nearly a hundred years later ample evidence stretches away on both sides of the watershed to confirm the fulfilment of those early sentiments. It is, nevertheless, all too easy to ignore the struggles and failures which marked the beginnings of the world's greatest gold field in the light of its subsequent abundant success. Only when attention is turned to the individual companies formed to exploit the discovery does the true picture emerge of the lack of adequate technological and managerial knowledge amongst the early pioneers and of the financial frailty of their companies. The object of this thesis is to shed light on these beginnings by reviewing the histories of four of the earliest companies established to work the main reef. The approach adopted is to scrutinize the material available with a view to determining the motivations and actions of the managements of the various companies with regard to their economic environment, whether within or without the individual company. Clearly, the availability of information is a major determinant of the success of any such venture and this was particularly so in the case of the companies considered. With the exception of the Barlow Rand Limited holding of the H. Eckstein and Company Archives, which offers an integral coverage of that firm's dealings with the emerging industry, and which is certainly the most comprehensive source of information available to the researcher, little material relating to specific gold mining companies has survived. Under these circumstances it was necessary to rely heavily for information on the local press. These newspapers proved an invaluable source in this regard. As a mining camp with a limited capacity for generating newsworthy incidents, the newspapers of early Johannesburg found an eager readership for information about the industry which lay at the heart of the community. For their part, the managements of the various mining companies found in the pages of the local press an outlet for intelligence both true and false; the press was a useful vehicle for the publication of directors' and annual reports to meet a wider audience, but similarly it could be and was used to disseminate 'spectacular' reports calculated to influence the status of a company's stock on the local share market. As a research source the press has thus to be approached with caution but its value, if the warning is heeded, is in no way diminished. Beyond these two sources the next most valuable accumulation of data on the early industry is "The Gold Fields Collection" housed in the Cory Library for Historical Research at Rhodes University. As a collection it is far from complete and it is to be hoped that the donors will in future see fit to augment it with further material as this becomes available. It neverthess proved an invaluable source for the investigation of at least one of the companies of the study and for a general background to the industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Webb, Arthur (Arthur C M)
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- History Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- Witwatersrand -- History Ferreira Gold Mining Company (Firm) Witwatersrand Gold Mining Company (Firm) Simmer and Jack Gold Mining Company (Firm) Wemmer Gold Mining Company (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1029 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003725
- Description: Preface: For anyone standing on the ridge of the Witwatersrand on a spring day in September 1886 the sight immediately to the south represented a hive of activity and hope. Nearly a hundred years later ample evidence stretches away on both sides of the watershed to confirm the fulfilment of those early sentiments. It is, nevertheless, all too easy to ignore the struggles and failures which marked the beginnings of the world's greatest gold field in the light of its subsequent abundant success. Only when attention is turned to the individual companies formed to exploit the discovery does the true picture emerge of the lack of adequate technological and managerial knowledge amongst the early pioneers and of the financial frailty of their companies. The object of this thesis is to shed light on these beginnings by reviewing the histories of four of the earliest companies established to work the main reef. The approach adopted is to scrutinize the material available with a view to determining the motivations and actions of the managements of the various companies with regard to their economic environment, whether within or without the individual company. Clearly, the availability of information is a major determinant of the success of any such venture and this was particularly so in the case of the companies considered. With the exception of the Barlow Rand Limited holding of the H. Eckstein and Company Archives, which offers an integral coverage of that firm's dealings with the emerging industry, and which is certainly the most comprehensive source of information available to the researcher, little material relating to specific gold mining companies has survived. Under these circumstances it was necessary to rely heavily for information on the local press. These newspapers proved an invaluable source in this regard. As a mining camp with a limited capacity for generating newsworthy incidents, the newspapers of early Johannesburg found an eager readership for information about the industry which lay at the heart of the community. For their part, the managements of the various mining companies found in the pages of the local press an outlet for intelligence both true and false; the press was a useful vehicle for the publication of directors' and annual reports to meet a wider audience, but similarly it could be and was used to disseminate 'spectacular' reports calculated to influence the status of a company's stock on the local share market. As a research source the press has thus to be approached with caution but its value, if the warning is heeded, is in no way diminished. Beyond these two sources the next most valuable accumulation of data on the early industry is "The Gold Fields Collection" housed in the Cory Library for Historical Research at Rhodes University. As a collection it is far from complete and it is to be hoped that the donors will in future see fit to augment it with further material as this becomes available. It neverthess proved an invaluable source for the investigation of at least one of the companies of the study and for a general background to the industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
Verdrängung und verleugnung der wirklichkeit als erzählproblem im werk Hans Erich Nossacks
- Krueger, Gustav Adolf Ludwig Werner
- Authors: Krueger, Gustav Adolf Ludwig Werner
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Nossack, Hans Erich, 1901-1977 -- Criticism and interpretation Authors, German -- 20th century -- History and criticism German fiction -- 20th century German literature -- History and criticism
- Language: German
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005627
- Description: From introduction: Wenn ich mir neben anderen sozial-psychologischen Theorien· auch die Theorie Freuds zunutze mache, so geschieht das nicht nur um der Textgerechtheit und der Nachprüfbarkeit willen, sondern auch aufgrund der überlegung, daß der Nossacksche Held, als "bürgerlicher Held"⁵²) , in mehr oder minderem Maße krank- und wahnhafte Züge haben wird, denn seine Bürgerlichkeit ist schon beim ersten, auffassenden Lesen der Texte kaum rnehr zu bezweifeln. Sein verstockter Individualismus ist hingegen, um noch einmal Adorno anzuführen, auch wieder nicht rückhaltlos verwerflich, ist dieser doch, "sowohl Produkt desDrucks", wie "das Kraftzentrum, das ihm widersteht".⁵³)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Krueger, Gustav Adolf Ludwig Werner
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Nossack, Hans Erich, 1901-1977 -- Criticism and interpretation Authors, German -- 20th century -- History and criticism German fiction -- 20th century German literature -- History and criticism
- Language: German
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005627
- Description: From introduction: Wenn ich mir neben anderen sozial-psychologischen Theorien· auch die Theorie Freuds zunutze mache, so geschieht das nicht nur um der Textgerechtheit und der Nachprüfbarkeit willen, sondern auch aufgrund der überlegung, daß der Nossacksche Held, als "bürgerlicher Held"⁵²) , in mehr oder minderem Maße krank- und wahnhafte Züge haben wird, denn seine Bürgerlichkeit ist schon beim ersten, auffassenden Lesen der Texte kaum rnehr zu bezweifeln. Sein verstockter Individualismus ist hingegen, um noch einmal Adorno anzuführen, auch wieder nicht rückhaltlos verwerflich, ist dieser doch, "sowohl Produkt desDrucks", wie "das Kraftzentrum, das ihm widersteht".⁵³)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
Two decades in the life of a city : Grahamstown 1862-1882
- Authors: Gibbens, Melanie
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Frontier War, 1877-1879 Xhosa (African people) -- History Schools -- Grahamstown (South Africa) Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Fingo Village -- History Hottentot Location -- Grahamstown Grahamstown -- African population Diamond Fields Grahamstown -- Buildings -- City Hall Grahamstown -- Colored population Grahamstown (South Africa) -- History Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Social conditions Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1872-1898 Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- Politics and government Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- History Grahamstown -- Streets -- Paradise Row Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Separation movement Fingo Village (Grahamstown, South Africa) -- History South Africa -- History -- Frontier Wars, 1811-1878 Xhosa (African people) -- History Glanville family Wood family Buildings -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Black people -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2542 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002394
- Description: [Preface]:In 1862 Grahamstown acquired the dignity, pride and responsibility of full municipal status by its own Act of Incorporation. Ibis Act marked the consolidation of Grahamstown's era of local government by its vigorous and far-sighted Municipal Board of Commissioners, which was established in 1837 and has been examined in depth in K.S. Hunt's thesis on Grahamstown municipal government up to 1862. Clearly, the year 1862 is the logical beginning for a further study of Grahamstown's changing position in the Eastern Cape and its development in the practice of local government during the crucial decades of the 1860's and 1870's. But the choice of 1882 to mark the end of this thesis is in some ways arbitrary. 1882 does not appear to be a turning point, a year of major significance in either the history of Grahamstown or of the Colony as a whole. Besides the convenient time-span of twenty years, there are various factors which, taken together, explain why 1882 is a useful date of demarcation from which to take stock and review Grahamstown's economic, political, social and municipal position after two vital decades in its history. In the civic sphere,the opening of Grahamstown's Town Hall made tangible,in solid Victorian design,a long held ambition of the City Councillors. Buildings, in Victorian attitudes, throughout the British Empire, were regarded as very important civic symbols. One can learn much of Grahamstown Victorian attitudes from the lengthy process of attaining a Town Hall. A much more elaborate ceremony surrounded the opening of the Jubilee Tower, an occasion for assessing the influence of Grahamstown's Settler heritage on the development of the town. Municipal problems concerning finance, water and "native" locations remained thorny questions as they had throughout the period 1862-32. Generally 1882 was a year of transition for Grahamstown and the Colony as a whole. Economically it appeared to start prosperously but 1882 actually marked the beginning of a severe depression which lasted until 1386. It is important to consider how Grahamstown’s economic development relates to the overall economic picture of the Cape Colony at this juncture. Though ostrich feather prices remained high in 1882, the ensuing depression was caused partly by the rapid overexpansion of the industry but most important of all, by a reaction to an inflated era of confidence during the diamond boom years of the 1870's and their consequent easy Bank credit plus intense speculation. Politically 1882 also appeared a year of transition. How to maintain the uneasy peace after the Basuto war remained a constant challenge to Scanlen's ministry. The beginnings of active party conflict in the workings of responsible government were evident only in embryo. The rapid growth of the Afrikaner Bond was to change this. Specifically in relation to the practice of local government in the Cape Colony, the General Municipal Act No. 45 was passed during the Parliamentary session of 1882, enabling any town to seek incorporation. The query is raised as to how far the modus vivendi of the Grahamstown municipality helped frame the clauses of this general Municipal enabling Act. For these various reasons, as well as the additional one that twenty years was found to offer a manageable research unit, 1882 has been decided on as the limit of this thesis. This thesis aims, through a careful examination of Grahamstown's economic, political but particularly civic development, to determine and trace the nature of the Grahamstown community's response to the challenge of the gradual isolation of the 1860's and 1870's. Grahamstown's civic history provides fascinating insights into the structure of the entire community and its attitudes and values. Study has been made of the following major primary sources for the history of Grahamstown 1862-1882: the Grahamstown Municipality records, complete except for incoming letters and housed in the Cape Archives, und the Grahamstown newspapers for the period. The most prolific as well us the most valuable newspaper source of the period is The Grahamstown Journal, a newspaper with a tradition firmly bound up with the formulation of frontier as well as Grahamstown thought, kingpin of the network built up by the successors of Robert Godlonton, the "architect of frontier opinion". It has to be treated with caution as a source because of this very bias. The Council Minutes themselves, meticulously recorded in the Town Clerk's copperplate Victorian script, are scrupulously objective, recording blandly proposers, seconders and fates of motions. What might appear the bare bones of a detailed study of the municipal records yet reflects the economic climate of the town, political opinions, class and race attitudes, civic pride, concepts of public health and charity. The newspapers are a vital addition to the Municipal records themselves. The weekly meetings received faithful, accurate and very copious coverage from press-representatives present at every ordinary meeting. Indeed these reports give a vivid immediacy to the meetings and reveal opinions, pressure groups and lines of conflict within the Council, on issues important and trivial. These, at times lively and enlivening, sometimes stormy meetings, are reported with an authenticity which makes one suspect that often words of speeches were given verbatim - personalities of the Councillors certainly emerge distinctly. Full newspaper coverage is also given to the meetings of the Albany Divisional Council. The annual reports of the Civil Commissioners and Resident Magistrates, which appear in the Parliamentary Blue Books of the period, provide some valuable economic comment on the vicissitudes of life in the eastern frontier districts from 1862-1882. Such information builds useful background for a study of Grahamstown's economic and social development. Efforts have been made to locate probable sources of family papers of one of the most influential Grahamstown families of the period, the Wood family, but to no avail. If any exist they would without doubt have given interesting insight into the business connections of leading Grahamstown men and possibly given an indication of how far civic and political connections linked with religious and family influences in Victorian Grahamstown. Jim's Journal, manuscript in Cory Library, is a record of letters sent home to England by James Butler, while on a visit to the Cape,1876-79 for his health. He provides illuminating glimpses into the day to day life of Grahamstown from a Quaker viewpoint. Taken together, these sources provide considerable insights into the life and times of Grahamstown in the second half of the nineteenth Century. A municipal study examines an area in its totality: it encompasses a study of minutiae within the context of general trends. This fact alone suggests that there are many sources on the history of Grahamstown which have not yet been discovered, but this assessment is submitted on the basis of a thorough study of those which are currently available.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Gibbens, Melanie
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Frontier War, 1877-1879 Xhosa (African people) -- History Schools -- Grahamstown (South Africa) Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Fingo Village -- History Hottentot Location -- Grahamstown Grahamstown -- African population Diamond Fields Grahamstown -- Buildings -- City Hall Grahamstown -- Colored population Grahamstown (South Africa) -- History Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Social conditions Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1872-1898 Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- Politics and government Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- History Grahamstown -- Streets -- Paradise Row Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Separation movement Fingo Village (Grahamstown, South Africa) -- History South Africa -- History -- Frontier Wars, 1811-1878 Xhosa (African people) -- History Glanville family Wood family Buildings -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Black people -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2542 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002394
- Description: [Preface]:In 1862 Grahamstown acquired the dignity, pride and responsibility of full municipal status by its own Act of Incorporation. Ibis Act marked the consolidation of Grahamstown's era of local government by its vigorous and far-sighted Municipal Board of Commissioners, which was established in 1837 and has been examined in depth in K.S. Hunt's thesis on Grahamstown municipal government up to 1862. Clearly, the year 1862 is the logical beginning for a further study of Grahamstown's changing position in the Eastern Cape and its development in the practice of local government during the crucial decades of the 1860's and 1870's. But the choice of 1882 to mark the end of this thesis is in some ways arbitrary. 1882 does not appear to be a turning point, a year of major significance in either the history of Grahamstown or of the Colony as a whole. Besides the convenient time-span of twenty years, there are various factors which, taken together, explain why 1882 is a useful date of demarcation from which to take stock and review Grahamstown's economic, political, social and municipal position after two vital decades in its history. In the civic sphere,the opening of Grahamstown's Town Hall made tangible,in solid Victorian design,a long held ambition of the City Councillors. Buildings, in Victorian attitudes, throughout the British Empire, were regarded as very important civic symbols. One can learn much of Grahamstown Victorian attitudes from the lengthy process of attaining a Town Hall. A much more elaborate ceremony surrounded the opening of the Jubilee Tower, an occasion for assessing the influence of Grahamstown's Settler heritage on the development of the town. Municipal problems concerning finance, water and "native" locations remained thorny questions as they had throughout the period 1862-32. Generally 1882 was a year of transition for Grahamstown and the Colony as a whole. Economically it appeared to start prosperously but 1882 actually marked the beginning of a severe depression which lasted until 1386. It is important to consider how Grahamstown’s economic development relates to the overall economic picture of the Cape Colony at this juncture. Though ostrich feather prices remained high in 1882, the ensuing depression was caused partly by the rapid overexpansion of the industry but most important of all, by a reaction to an inflated era of confidence during the diamond boom years of the 1870's and their consequent easy Bank credit plus intense speculation. Politically 1882 also appeared a year of transition. How to maintain the uneasy peace after the Basuto war remained a constant challenge to Scanlen's ministry. The beginnings of active party conflict in the workings of responsible government were evident only in embryo. The rapid growth of the Afrikaner Bond was to change this. Specifically in relation to the practice of local government in the Cape Colony, the General Municipal Act No. 45 was passed during the Parliamentary session of 1882, enabling any town to seek incorporation. The query is raised as to how far the modus vivendi of the Grahamstown municipality helped frame the clauses of this general Municipal enabling Act. For these various reasons, as well as the additional one that twenty years was found to offer a manageable research unit, 1882 has been decided on as the limit of this thesis. This thesis aims, through a careful examination of Grahamstown's economic, political but particularly civic development, to determine and trace the nature of the Grahamstown community's response to the challenge of the gradual isolation of the 1860's and 1870's. Grahamstown's civic history provides fascinating insights into the structure of the entire community and its attitudes and values. Study has been made of the following major primary sources for the history of Grahamstown 1862-1882: the Grahamstown Municipality records, complete except for incoming letters and housed in the Cape Archives, und the Grahamstown newspapers for the period. The most prolific as well us the most valuable newspaper source of the period is The Grahamstown Journal, a newspaper with a tradition firmly bound up with the formulation of frontier as well as Grahamstown thought, kingpin of the network built up by the successors of Robert Godlonton, the "architect of frontier opinion". It has to be treated with caution as a source because of this very bias. The Council Minutes themselves, meticulously recorded in the Town Clerk's copperplate Victorian script, are scrupulously objective, recording blandly proposers, seconders and fates of motions. What might appear the bare bones of a detailed study of the municipal records yet reflects the economic climate of the town, political opinions, class and race attitudes, civic pride, concepts of public health and charity. The newspapers are a vital addition to the Municipal records themselves. The weekly meetings received faithful, accurate and very copious coverage from press-representatives present at every ordinary meeting. Indeed these reports give a vivid immediacy to the meetings and reveal opinions, pressure groups and lines of conflict within the Council, on issues important and trivial. These, at times lively and enlivening, sometimes stormy meetings, are reported with an authenticity which makes one suspect that often words of speeches were given verbatim - personalities of the Councillors certainly emerge distinctly. Full newspaper coverage is also given to the meetings of the Albany Divisional Council. The annual reports of the Civil Commissioners and Resident Magistrates, which appear in the Parliamentary Blue Books of the period, provide some valuable economic comment on the vicissitudes of life in the eastern frontier districts from 1862-1882. Such information builds useful background for a study of Grahamstown's economic and social development. Efforts have been made to locate probable sources of family papers of one of the most influential Grahamstown families of the period, the Wood family, but to no avail. If any exist they would without doubt have given interesting insight into the business connections of leading Grahamstown men and possibly given an indication of how far civic and political connections linked with religious and family influences in Victorian Grahamstown. Jim's Journal, manuscript in Cory Library, is a record of letters sent home to England by James Butler, while on a visit to the Cape,1876-79 for his health. He provides illuminating glimpses into the day to day life of Grahamstown from a Quaker viewpoint. Taken together, these sources provide considerable insights into the life and times of Grahamstown in the second half of the nineteenth Century. A municipal study examines an area in its totality: it encompasses a study of minutiae within the context of general trends. This fact alone suggests that there are many sources on the history of Grahamstown which have not yet been discovered, but this assessment is submitted on the basis of a thorough study of those which are currently available.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
Theories of economic underdevelopment: a general equilibrium analysis
- Authors: Black, Philip Andrew
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Equilibrium (Economics) -- Mathematical models Economic development -- Mathematical models Developing countries -- Economic conditions -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1049 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006235
- Description: This thesis is mainly concerned with the question whether 'conventional' economic theory - especially the neoclassical theory of general equilibrium - is sufficiently flexible to accommodate the particular conditions prevailing in the developing countries. It is argued that most existing theories of economic underdevelopment adopt an interpretative approach which essentially amounts to relaxing some of the chief assumptions of the neoclassical theory. When applied to the two-sector model of general equilibrium, these theories generally yield predictions which are vastly different from those associated with the neoclassical assumptions of perfect competition, unlimited factor substitutability and unrestricted resource mobility. Several theories seek to explain the development problem in terms of the specific production processes used in poor countries. Myrdal's (1957) theory of cumulative causation, for example, effectively introduces increasing returns to scale in at least one sector or region of the economy; in contrast to the neoclassical theory, he thus nvisages a cumulative process of regional divergence in the output level per worker. Similarly, Richard Eckaus's (1955) explanation of the "factor-proportions problem" is based on the assumption of limited factor substitutability. This enables him to establish the existence of a so-called "unemployment equiIibrium", thus implying that developing countries may be faced with a conflict between the objective of maximizing social -welfare on the one hand, and that of full employment on the other. More recently, Leibenstein (1960) has shown that this trade-off may be complicated by the introduction of capital-biased technological inventions and innovations. The solution to the factor-proportions problem consists in the adoption of more appropriate, usually labour-biased technologies, increased capital formation and a reduction in the rate of population growth. Much of the postwar literature on economic development has focused on the imperfectly competitive structure of the product and the factor markets in developing countries. Myint (1954) has highlighted the role played by monopolies and ligopolies during the "opening-up" process of economic development. Likewise, both Lewis's (1954) dualist theory and Todaro's (1969; 1971) model of rural-urban migration attempt to explain the unemployment problem in terms of various factor price distortions. In an international context, Prebisch (1950; 1959) and Singer (1950) have again shown how prevailing differences in the structure of markets between developed and developing countries may turn the terms of trade against the latter; using a two-sector model, Bhagwati (1958) has demonstrated that such a deterioration in the terms of trade could bring about a net decrease in the welfare level of the countries concerned. Generally, the policy measures relevant to the "market imperfections" problem include the creation of job opportunities in the rural (rather than urban) sector, the encouragement of informal-sector enterprises,and the imposition of factor taxes and subsidies as a means of counteracting the adverse effect of factor price distortions on employment. A more recent approach to the unemployment problem is the plea by the International Labor Office (1970; 1972) for a redistribution of income within the developing countries. In terms of the two-sector model, such a policy may well succeed in eliminating labour unemployment caused by fixed factor proportions and/or factor price distortions. It should be realized, though, that a redistribution of income may lower the aggregate savings level, and hence also the growth rates of capital and labour employment in the economy. On the whole, it would seem that these theories do indeed adopt a modified version of the neoclassical theory in providing a fairly comprehensive explanation of the economic problems of labour unemployment, low incomes and inequality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Black, Philip Andrew
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Equilibrium (Economics) -- Mathematical models Economic development -- Mathematical models Developing countries -- Economic conditions -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1049 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006235
- Description: This thesis is mainly concerned with the question whether 'conventional' economic theory - especially the neoclassical theory of general equilibrium - is sufficiently flexible to accommodate the particular conditions prevailing in the developing countries. It is argued that most existing theories of economic underdevelopment adopt an interpretative approach which essentially amounts to relaxing some of the chief assumptions of the neoclassical theory. When applied to the two-sector model of general equilibrium, these theories generally yield predictions which are vastly different from those associated with the neoclassical assumptions of perfect competition, unlimited factor substitutability and unrestricted resource mobility. Several theories seek to explain the development problem in terms of the specific production processes used in poor countries. Myrdal's (1957) theory of cumulative causation, for example, effectively introduces increasing returns to scale in at least one sector or region of the economy; in contrast to the neoclassical theory, he thus nvisages a cumulative process of regional divergence in the output level per worker. Similarly, Richard Eckaus's (1955) explanation of the "factor-proportions problem" is based on the assumption of limited factor substitutability. This enables him to establish the existence of a so-called "unemployment equiIibrium", thus implying that developing countries may be faced with a conflict between the objective of maximizing social -welfare on the one hand, and that of full employment on the other. More recently, Leibenstein (1960) has shown that this trade-off may be complicated by the introduction of capital-biased technological inventions and innovations. The solution to the factor-proportions problem consists in the adoption of more appropriate, usually labour-biased technologies, increased capital formation and a reduction in the rate of population growth. Much of the postwar literature on economic development has focused on the imperfectly competitive structure of the product and the factor markets in developing countries. Myint (1954) has highlighted the role played by monopolies and ligopolies during the "opening-up" process of economic development. Likewise, both Lewis's (1954) dualist theory and Todaro's (1969; 1971) model of rural-urban migration attempt to explain the unemployment problem in terms of various factor price distortions. In an international context, Prebisch (1950; 1959) and Singer (1950) have again shown how prevailing differences in the structure of markets between developed and developing countries may turn the terms of trade against the latter; using a two-sector model, Bhagwati (1958) has demonstrated that such a deterioration in the terms of trade could bring about a net decrease in the welfare level of the countries concerned. Generally, the policy measures relevant to the "market imperfections" problem include the creation of job opportunities in the rural (rather than urban) sector, the encouragement of informal-sector enterprises,and the imposition of factor taxes and subsidies as a means of counteracting the adverse effect of factor price distortions on employment. A more recent approach to the unemployment problem is the plea by the International Labor Office (1970; 1972) for a redistribution of income within the developing countries. In terms of the two-sector model, such a policy may well succeed in eliminating labour unemployment caused by fixed factor proportions and/or factor price distortions. It should be realized, though, that a redistribution of income may lower the aggregate savings level, and hence also the growth rates of capital and labour employment in the economy. On the whole, it would seem that these theories do indeed adopt a modified version of the neoclassical theory in providing a fairly comprehensive explanation of the economic problems of labour unemployment, low incomes and inequality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The tectonic framework of magmatism and mineralization in the western United States
- Authors: Empsall, J S
- Date: 1982 , 2013-04-03
- Subjects: Plate tectonics -- United States , Magmatism -- United States , Mineralogy -- United States
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5019 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006328 , Plate tectonics -- United States , Magmatism -- United States , Mineralogy -- United States
- Description: KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Empsall, J S
- Date: 1982 , 2013-04-03
- Subjects: Plate tectonics -- United States , Magmatism -- United States , Mineralogy -- United States
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5019 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006328 , Plate tectonics -- United States , Magmatism -- United States , Mineralogy -- United States
- Description: KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The stratigraphy and structure of the Kommadagga subgroup and contiguous rocks|
- Authors: Swart, Roger
- Date: 1982
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4919 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004378
- Description: The Lake Mentz and Kommadagga Subgroups were deposited in a marine environment and are characterised by a heterogeneous sequence of sediments, which range in grain size from clays to grits. During the first phase of deposition the Kweekvlei Shale and Floriskraal Formations were deposited in a prograding shoreline environment, whereas the succeeding Waaipoort Shale Formation is interpreted as represnting a reworked shoreline . The final phase of deposition of the Cape Supergroup was a regressive one in which the Kommadagga Subgroup was formed. The coarsening upward cycle of this subgroup represents a deltaic deposit. A significant time gap appears to exist before the deposition of the glacial-marine Dwyka Tillite Formation. Structurally, the area was subjected to deformation by buckle folding at about 250 Ma into a series of folds with southward dipping axial planes. Only one phase of deformation is recognised in the study area . A decrease in pore space, mineral overgrowths,formation of silica and calcite cements and development of autigenic minerals such as opal, stilpnomelane, analcite, prehnite, muscovite and various clay minerals are the characteristic diagenetic features of the sediments. The mineralogical evidence suggests that the maximum temperature and pressure of burial was 150 C and 4 to 5 Kbar respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Swart, Roger
- Date: 1982
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4919 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004378
- Description: The Lake Mentz and Kommadagga Subgroups were deposited in a marine environment and are characterised by a heterogeneous sequence of sediments, which range in grain size from clays to grits. During the first phase of deposition the Kweekvlei Shale and Floriskraal Formations were deposited in a prograding shoreline environment, whereas the succeeding Waaipoort Shale Formation is interpreted as represnting a reworked shoreline . The final phase of deposition of the Cape Supergroup was a regressive one in which the Kommadagga Subgroup was formed. The coarsening upward cycle of this subgroup represents a deltaic deposit. A significant time gap appears to exist before the deposition of the glacial-marine Dwyka Tillite Formation. Structurally, the area was subjected to deformation by buckle folding at about 250 Ma into a series of folds with southward dipping axial planes. Only one phase of deformation is recognised in the study area . A decrease in pore space, mineral overgrowths,formation of silica and calcite cements and development of autigenic minerals such as opal, stilpnomelane, analcite, prehnite, muscovite and various clay minerals are the characteristic diagenetic features of the sediments. The mineralogical evidence suggests that the maximum temperature and pressure of burial was 150 C and 4 to 5 Kbar respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The nutritional status of pre-school children in the Amatola Basin
- Authors: Fincham, Robert John
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Nutrition surveys -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Children, Black -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Malnutrition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Children -- South Africa -- Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2194 , vital:20264 , ISBN 0868100978
- Description: This paper reports on a survey into the nutritional levels of young children living in a rural area of central Ciskei. The project was undertaken to advance two independent research initiatives, the one concentrating on nutritional levels of children in the Eastern Cape and Ciskei region, the second focussing on a comprehensive rural development programme in the Amatola Basin. Mr R.J. Fincham, the project leader and author of the paper, has during the last two years published two Working Papers reporting on comparable research projects in the Eastern Cape aimed at assessing health levels of young children. This programme has been undertaken with the close cooperation and help of the South African Department of Health. Sincere appreciation is due to Dr J.D. Krynauw, the Eastern Cape Regional Director, and nurses on his staff who undertook a large part of the fieldwork required by the project. The rural development programme is being executed by the Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute of the University of Fort Hare in collaboration with residents of the Basin itself. Appreciation is also due to that Institute, to the clinic sisters of the Khomkulu clinic in the Amatola Basin, and to the mothers and other residents of the Basin who cooperated with the research team. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Fincham, Robert John
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Nutrition surveys -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Children, Black -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Malnutrition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Children -- South Africa -- Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2194 , vital:20264 , ISBN 0868100978
- Description: This paper reports on a survey into the nutritional levels of young children living in a rural area of central Ciskei. The project was undertaken to advance two independent research initiatives, the one concentrating on nutritional levels of children in the Eastern Cape and Ciskei region, the second focussing on a comprehensive rural development programme in the Amatola Basin. Mr R.J. Fincham, the project leader and author of the paper, has during the last two years published two Working Papers reporting on comparable research projects in the Eastern Cape aimed at assessing health levels of young children. This programme has been undertaken with the close cooperation and help of the South African Department of Health. Sincere appreciation is due to Dr J.D. Krynauw, the Eastern Cape Regional Director, and nurses on his staff who undertook a large part of the fieldwork required by the project. The rural development programme is being executed by the Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute of the University of Fort Hare in collaboration with residents of the Basin itself. Appreciation is also due to that Institute, to the clinic sisters of the Khomkulu clinic in the Amatola Basin, and to the mothers and other residents of the Basin who cooperated with the research team. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The life history of a minnow, Barbus Anoplus, in a man-made lake in South Africa
- Authors: Cambray, James Alfred
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Minnows -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006861
- Description: Aspects of the life history strategy of Barbus anoplus Weber were studied in a turbid man-made lake (P.K. Ie Roux impoundment, Orange River system, South Africa). The minnow has successfully colonized the shoreline of the P.K. Ie Roux impoundment, where the preferred habitats of the chubbyhead barb are flooded stream beds, erosion gullies and flooded ruderal communities. B. anoplus reaches sexual maturity in one year, at a length of about 40mm FL. They have a multiple spawning habit, with the first spawn in November or December and the second spawn in February or March. A part of the adult population undertakes a spawning migration up inflowing tributaries, while the other part breeds along the shoreline. The eggs and young develop rapidly and a proportion of the protolarvae float near the water surface, where they are probably dispersed by water currents. Most of the males die off after their second summer, whereas many females live into a third summer. Females also attain a larger maximum size (73mm FL) than males (60mm FL). The importance of increasing the reproductive potential of B. anoplus by multiple spawning is discussed. Feeding studies indicate that B. anoplus are opportunistic predators on invertebrates. The feeding habits of minnows collected from four different habitats varied. Minnows collected in the open water fed mainly on zooplankton, while shoreline populations fed on chironomid larvae and zooplankton. The most varied diet was found in fish living in a well-vegetated tributary of the impoundment which was not subject to inundation. B. anoplus is basically an r-strategist (i.e. it is small in size, shortlived, males have bright colouration, high seasonal reproductive potential). These characteristics enable the species to colonize and successfully inhabit unstable environments and probably accounts for the fact that it is the most widespread species south of the Limpopo River system. It is recommended that B. anoplus be considered as a candidate in southern Africa for further studies on life history strategies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Cambray, James Alfred
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Minnows -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006861
- Description: Aspects of the life history strategy of Barbus anoplus Weber were studied in a turbid man-made lake (P.K. Ie Roux impoundment, Orange River system, South Africa). The minnow has successfully colonized the shoreline of the P.K. Ie Roux impoundment, where the preferred habitats of the chubbyhead barb are flooded stream beds, erosion gullies and flooded ruderal communities. B. anoplus reaches sexual maturity in one year, at a length of about 40mm FL. They have a multiple spawning habit, with the first spawn in November or December and the second spawn in February or March. A part of the adult population undertakes a spawning migration up inflowing tributaries, while the other part breeds along the shoreline. The eggs and young develop rapidly and a proportion of the protolarvae float near the water surface, where they are probably dispersed by water currents. Most of the males die off after their second summer, whereas many females live into a third summer. Females also attain a larger maximum size (73mm FL) than males (60mm FL). The importance of increasing the reproductive potential of B. anoplus by multiple spawning is discussed. Feeding studies indicate that B. anoplus are opportunistic predators on invertebrates. The feeding habits of minnows collected from four different habitats varied. Minnows collected in the open water fed mainly on zooplankton, while shoreline populations fed on chironomid larvae and zooplankton. The most varied diet was found in fish living in a well-vegetated tributary of the impoundment which was not subject to inundation. B. anoplus is basically an r-strategist (i.e. it is small in size, shortlived, males have bright colouration, high seasonal reproductive potential). These characteristics enable the species to colonize and successfully inhabit unstable environments and probably accounts for the fact that it is the most widespread species south of the Limpopo River system. It is recommended that B. anoplus be considered as a candidate in southern Africa for further studies on life history strategies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The life and work of Margaret M Smith
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Smith, Margaret Mary
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:15054 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020236
- Description: From Conclusion: During her remarkable scientific career, Margaret Smith has progressed from lecturer to technician, artist and taxonomist, and now enters a new phase in retirement as the senior editor of the revision of her husband’s book ‘The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa’. Up until the end of 1981, she had co-authored three books, edited three books and authored or co-authored 35 scientific papers and numerous popular articles. She had produced about two thousand colour and black and white illustrations of the fishes of southern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean. Four fish species have been named for her — Simochromis margaretae from Lake Tanganyika, Pseudocheilinus margaretae from Aldabra Island, Canthigaster smithae and Chlidichthys smithae from Mauritius and Trachurus margaretae from Durban. She has established a network of collaborating ichthyologists which is probably unique and which has resulted in the Ichthyology Institute in Grahamstown becoming a mecca for researchers in the field. Her infectious enthusiasm for fishes has also inspired a generation of anglers, naturalists, students, scholars and, especially, children in South Africa and abroad. We all salute this great lady, an accomplished musician, mother, artist, scientist, patriot, humanitarian, and above all, a humble and generous friend — Margaret Mary Smith.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Smith, Margaret Mary
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:15054 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020236
- Description: From Conclusion: During her remarkable scientific career, Margaret Smith has progressed from lecturer to technician, artist and taxonomist, and now enters a new phase in retirement as the senior editor of the revision of her husband’s book ‘The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa’. Up until the end of 1981, she had co-authored three books, edited three books and authored or co-authored 35 scientific papers and numerous popular articles. She had produced about two thousand colour and black and white illustrations of the fishes of southern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean. Four fish species have been named for her — Simochromis margaretae from Lake Tanganyika, Pseudocheilinus margaretae from Aldabra Island, Canthigaster smithae and Chlidichthys smithae from Mauritius and Trachurus margaretae from Durban. She has established a network of collaborating ichthyologists which is probably unique and which has resulted in the Ichthyology Institute in Grahamstown becoming a mecca for researchers in the field. Her infectious enthusiasm for fishes has also inspired a generation of anglers, naturalists, students, scholars and, especially, children in South Africa and abroad. We all salute this great lady, an accomplished musician, mother, artist, scientist, patriot, humanitarian, and above all, a humble and generous friend — Margaret Mary Smith.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The life and influence of William Shaw, 1820-1856
- Authors: Lyness, Peter Howard
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Shaw, William, 1798-1872 , South Africa -- History -- Frontier Wars, 1811-1878 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Missions -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Methodist Church of Southern Africa -- Missions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2586 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006205 , Shaw, William, 1798-1872 , South Africa -- History -- Frontier Wars, 1811-1878 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Missions -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Methodist Church of Southern Africa -- Missions
- Description: Preface: William Shaw was undoubtedly one of the greatest of the missionary pioneers to work in southern Africa and it is strange that up until now there has been no major research into his time spent in the Cape Colony and beyond. Apart from his own work, The Story of My Mission, and the Memoir of the Rev. William Shaw by William Boyce, published in 1874, there was nothing devoted exclusively to Shaw until Mrs Celia Sadler published extracts from his letters and journals in Never a Young Man, in 1967. Scholars have examined aspects of Shaw's career in a number of theses, articles and books, but, unlike the attention paid to Dr John Philip, William Shaw has never been the subject of close historical scrutiny. This has, most probably, been attributable to the unfortunate gap in the Shaw correspondence from the late 1830's to the 1850's, but, despite this, I have felt that so important a figure in southern African historiography - both ecclesiastical and secular - should be examined regardless of the lacunae which there might be. When - and if - the missing pieces ever come to light, then the time for the definitive study will have arrived, but until such time there is, most decidedly, a need for what we do have access to, to be sifted and placed in historical context. This is what this thesis has attempted to do with specific reference to his work in the Eastern Cape. As General Superintendent of Wesleyan mission work in "South Eastern Africa", Shaw also had oversight of work in the Bechuana country, but that lies outside the scope of this thesis and requires independent examination. Shaw wrote of the work of the missionary - with his own work firmly in mind, " ... I am fully satisfied ... that wherever there is a British colony in juxtaposition with heathen tribes, or natives, it will be our wisdom to provide for the spiritual wants of the Colonists, while at the same time we ought not to neglect taking earnest measures for the conversion of the heathen."¹ Such an approach made Wesleyan endeavours almost unique in mission history. The proponent of such uniqueness requires a sympathetic yet not hagiographical appraisal. This thesis seeks to accomplish just that. ¹ The Story of My Mission p. 213.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Lyness, Peter Howard
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Shaw, William, 1798-1872 , South Africa -- History -- Frontier Wars, 1811-1878 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Missions -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Methodist Church of Southern Africa -- Missions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2586 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006205 , Shaw, William, 1798-1872 , South Africa -- History -- Frontier Wars, 1811-1878 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Missions -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Methodist Church of Southern Africa -- Missions
- Description: Preface: William Shaw was undoubtedly one of the greatest of the missionary pioneers to work in southern Africa and it is strange that up until now there has been no major research into his time spent in the Cape Colony and beyond. Apart from his own work, The Story of My Mission, and the Memoir of the Rev. William Shaw by William Boyce, published in 1874, there was nothing devoted exclusively to Shaw until Mrs Celia Sadler published extracts from his letters and journals in Never a Young Man, in 1967. Scholars have examined aspects of Shaw's career in a number of theses, articles and books, but, unlike the attention paid to Dr John Philip, William Shaw has never been the subject of close historical scrutiny. This has, most probably, been attributable to the unfortunate gap in the Shaw correspondence from the late 1830's to the 1850's, but, despite this, I have felt that so important a figure in southern African historiography - both ecclesiastical and secular - should be examined regardless of the lacunae which there might be. When - and if - the missing pieces ever come to light, then the time for the definitive study will have arrived, but until such time there is, most decidedly, a need for what we do have access to, to be sifted and placed in historical context. This is what this thesis has attempted to do with specific reference to his work in the Eastern Cape. As General Superintendent of Wesleyan mission work in "South Eastern Africa", Shaw also had oversight of work in the Bechuana country, but that lies outside the scope of this thesis and requires independent examination. Shaw wrote of the work of the missionary - with his own work firmly in mind, " ... I am fully satisfied ... that wherever there is a British colony in juxtaposition with heathen tribes, or natives, it will be our wisdom to provide for the spiritual wants of the Colonists, while at the same time we ought not to neglect taking earnest measures for the conversion of the heathen."¹ Such an approach made Wesleyan endeavours almost unique in mission history. The proponent of such uniqueness requires a sympathetic yet not hagiographical appraisal. This thesis seeks to accomplish just that. ¹ The Story of My Mission p. 213.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The Karoo caterpillar Loxostege Frustalis Zeller (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in relation to its host plants and natural enemies
- Authors: Möhr, Johann Diederich
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Caterpillars -- South Africa Lepidoptera -- Host plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002054
- Description: The Karoo is an arid inland plateau in the central and northeastern Cape Province of South Africa and is characterised by sparse, stunted vegetation. The vegetation is rich in species, and over large areas species of Pentzia, which are drought-resistant shrubs, are extremely abundant. These plants are food for stock (mainly sheep), and because the larvae of the Karoo caterpillar periodically occur in sufficient numbers to defoliate the plants, they assume pest status. Fully-fed Loxostege frustalis larvae construct cases in the soil beneath their food plants and they overwinter in these cases. A census of the numbers of larval cases accumulated in the soil, conducted from 1975 to 1980, showed that an expanded distribution of the pentzias is responsible for the periodic larval outbreaks. Further, alternate food plants are an important food supply for L. frustalis larvae when they disperse under crowded conditions The census data for L. frustalis were analysed by constructing partial life tables for the life-history period from case construction to moth emergence. The mortality of 'encased larvae' is useful for assessing the impact of the known L. frustalis natural enemies. The most important natural enemies were the braconids Chelonus curvimaculatus Cameron, Macrocentrus maraisi Nixon and the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. The collective responses of all the natural enemies to the density of L. frustalis encased larvae was direct, but undercompensating, so that areas with more pentzias produced more L. frustais. Strategies for immediate measures to alleviate the Karoo caterpillar problem, and for future research, are discussed. It is concluded that reduction of pentzia populations to acceptable levels and/or supplementing pastures with non-host plants of L. frustalis offer the only practical solutions to the Karoo caterpillar problem. Biological control of L. frustalis is dismissed as an option for reducing the pest status of the Karoo caterpillar
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Möhr, Johann Diederich
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Caterpillars -- South Africa Lepidoptera -- Host plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002054
- Description: The Karoo is an arid inland plateau in the central and northeastern Cape Province of South Africa and is characterised by sparse, stunted vegetation. The vegetation is rich in species, and over large areas species of Pentzia, which are drought-resistant shrubs, are extremely abundant. These plants are food for stock (mainly sheep), and because the larvae of the Karoo caterpillar periodically occur in sufficient numbers to defoliate the plants, they assume pest status. Fully-fed Loxostege frustalis larvae construct cases in the soil beneath their food plants and they overwinter in these cases. A census of the numbers of larval cases accumulated in the soil, conducted from 1975 to 1980, showed that an expanded distribution of the pentzias is responsible for the periodic larval outbreaks. Further, alternate food plants are an important food supply for L. frustalis larvae when they disperse under crowded conditions The census data for L. frustalis were analysed by constructing partial life tables for the life-history period from case construction to moth emergence. The mortality of 'encased larvae' is useful for assessing the impact of the known L. frustalis natural enemies. The most important natural enemies were the braconids Chelonus curvimaculatus Cameron, Macrocentrus maraisi Nixon and the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. The collective responses of all the natural enemies to the density of L. frustalis encased larvae was direct, but undercompensating, so that areas with more pentzias produced more L. frustais. Strategies for immediate measures to alleviate the Karoo caterpillar problem, and for future research, are discussed. It is concluded that reduction of pentzia populations to acceptable levels and/or supplementing pastures with non-host plants of L. frustalis offer the only practical solutions to the Karoo caterpillar problem. Biological control of L. frustalis is dismissed as an option for reducing the pest status of the Karoo caterpillar
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The influence of sex steroids on pineal enzymes
- Authors: Daya, Santylal
- Date: 1982 , 2013-03-28
- Subjects: Steroid hormones , Pineal gland , Testosterone , Progesterone
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3808 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003720 , Steroid hormones , Pineal gland , Testosterone , Progesterone
- Description: The influence of the gonadal sex steroids namely, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on the two major enzymes responsible for the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland was investigated. These enzymes are Serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (Hl0MT). Testosterone was found to be the only sex steroid capable of influencing SNAT activity whereas all three of the sex steroids were found to influence Hl0MT activity in a biphasic dose-dependent manner. The influence of these sex steroids on radiolabeled serotonin metabolism by pineals in organ culture was also investigated. Ovariectomy, castration and the sex steroids were all found to alter the pattern of the radiolabeled serotonin metabolism by these pineal glands in organ culture. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Daya, Santylal
- Date: 1982 , 2013-03-28
- Subjects: Steroid hormones , Pineal gland , Testosterone , Progesterone
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3808 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003720 , Steroid hormones , Pineal gland , Testosterone , Progesterone
- Description: The influence of the gonadal sex steroids namely, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on the two major enzymes responsible for the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland was investigated. These enzymes are Serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (Hl0MT). Testosterone was found to be the only sex steroid capable of influencing SNAT activity whereas all three of the sex steroids were found to influence Hl0MT activity in a biphasic dose-dependent manner. The influence of these sex steroids on radiolabeled serotonin metabolism by pineals in organ culture was also investigated. Ovariectomy, castration and the sex steroids were all found to alter the pattern of the radiolabeled serotonin metabolism by these pineal glands in organ culture. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The geology, geochemistry and silicate mineralogy of the upper criticial zone of the north-western Bushveld Complex, at Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Union Section
- Authors: De Klerk, William Johan
- Date: 1982 , 2013-03-20
- Subjects: Mineralogy -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Geology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Platinum mines and mining -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Rustenburg Platinum Mines
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5013 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006140 , Mineralogy -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Geology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Platinum mines and mining -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Rustenburg Platinum Mines
- Description: Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Union Section, is located in the mafic phase of the north-western sector of the Bushveld Complex. This part of the Complex is characterised by transgressions of Upper zone ferrogabbros across the lower sequence of mafic rocks. These transgressions have effectively isolated a roughly triangular segment of Lower, Critical and Main zone rocks. It is in the upper part of the Critical zone that the Merensky Reef, with a strike length of 9,5 km, is found to suboutcrop below a 2-3 m black turf soil cover and it constitutes the orebody being mined at Union Section. Underground mining and development have exposed a stratigraphic succession from the Middle Group chromitites to within the lower part of the Main zone gabbros. A detailed investigation of a 100 m stratigraphic succession was undertaken in the upper part of the Critical zone, which includes the Bastard Reef, Merensky Reef, Pseudo Reef, UG 2 and UG 1 layers. Stratigraphic descriptions are presented for both a normal and potholed succession, as well as a description of pothole characteristics. The variations of Merensky Reef thickness, pothole distribution and structure of the are body are also discussed. Forty seven whole-rock major- and trace-element analyses were carried out on selected samples from both normal and potholed successions, although more emphasis was placed on the former. These samples were taken from just below the UG 1 to above the Bastard Reef. Trace elements determined included Sr, Rb, Y, Nb, Zr, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu and V. The cyclical nature of the layering is clearly defined by breaks in the trends of both the major- and trace element analyses, although some elements are strongly influenced by the modal proportions of the mai n mineral phases. Although major breaks are observed for individual elements , insignificant variation of the Mg/Mg+Fe 2 + ratio is observed throughout. New electron microprobe data are presented for the main silicate phases olivine , orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase , while only a limi ted number of analyses were carried out on the spine l phase. There would appear to be a reversal of the expected fractionation trend from the hanging wal l of the UG 2 to the Pseudo Marker layer. There is an upward increase of the Fo content of the olivine from F0₇₆ , ₇₋₈₁,₆ . A similar trend is observed for the orthopyroxene analyses . The Merensky unit, as a whole, exhibits a gradual decrease in the Mg end member of the Ca-poor pyroxenes from En ₇₈,₅₋₇₄ . was found to be markedly more calcic Cumulus plagioclase (An ₇₂, ₈-₈₁, ₇) than the intercumulus phase (An₅₆,₃₋₇₁, ₉) ' A further feature of the cumulus plagioclase is that strong zonation was observed with the cores of individual crystals being consistently lower in Ca relative to their margins . , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: De Klerk, William Johan
- Date: 1982 , 2013-03-20
- Subjects: Mineralogy -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Geology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Platinum mines and mining -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Rustenburg Platinum Mines
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5013 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006140 , Mineralogy -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Geology -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Platinum mines and mining -- South Africa -- North-Western Transvaal , Rustenburg Platinum Mines
- Description: Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Union Section, is located in the mafic phase of the north-western sector of the Bushveld Complex. This part of the Complex is characterised by transgressions of Upper zone ferrogabbros across the lower sequence of mafic rocks. These transgressions have effectively isolated a roughly triangular segment of Lower, Critical and Main zone rocks. It is in the upper part of the Critical zone that the Merensky Reef, with a strike length of 9,5 km, is found to suboutcrop below a 2-3 m black turf soil cover and it constitutes the orebody being mined at Union Section. Underground mining and development have exposed a stratigraphic succession from the Middle Group chromitites to within the lower part of the Main zone gabbros. A detailed investigation of a 100 m stratigraphic succession was undertaken in the upper part of the Critical zone, which includes the Bastard Reef, Merensky Reef, Pseudo Reef, UG 2 and UG 1 layers. Stratigraphic descriptions are presented for both a normal and potholed succession, as well as a description of pothole characteristics. The variations of Merensky Reef thickness, pothole distribution and structure of the are body are also discussed. Forty seven whole-rock major- and trace-element analyses were carried out on selected samples from both normal and potholed successions, although more emphasis was placed on the former. These samples were taken from just below the UG 1 to above the Bastard Reef. Trace elements determined included Sr, Rb, Y, Nb, Zr, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu and V. The cyclical nature of the layering is clearly defined by breaks in the trends of both the major- and trace element analyses, although some elements are strongly influenced by the modal proportions of the mai n mineral phases. Although major breaks are observed for individual elements , insignificant variation of the Mg/Mg+Fe 2 + ratio is observed throughout. New electron microprobe data are presented for the main silicate phases olivine , orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase , while only a limi ted number of analyses were carried out on the spine l phase. There would appear to be a reversal of the expected fractionation trend from the hanging wal l of the UG 2 to the Pseudo Marker layer. There is an upward increase of the Fo content of the olivine from F0₇₆ , ₇₋₈₁,₆ . A similar trend is observed for the orthopyroxene analyses . The Merensky unit, as a whole, exhibits a gradual decrease in the Mg end member of the Ca-poor pyroxenes from En ₇₈,₅₋₇₄ . was found to be markedly more calcic Cumulus plagioclase (An ₇₂, ₈-₈₁, ₇) than the intercumulus phase (An₅₆,₃₋₇₁, ₉) ' A further feature of the cumulus plagioclase is that strong zonation was observed with the cores of individual crystals being consistently lower in Ca relative to their margins . , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The gastric morphology of the white-tailed rat Mystromys Albicaudatus (A.Smith 1834) and preliminary investigation of its digestive processes
- Authors: Maddock, Anthony Hamilton
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Rats -- Physiology Digestion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5603 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002053
- Description: The gastric morphology of the white-tailed rat M. albicaudatus - was described in detail. The bilocular hemiglandular stomach consists of a papillated corpus, non-glandular PGP and glandular antrum. The antrum contains cardiac, fundic and PJ loric glands (suggesting limited glandular reduction during gastric evolution) while the FCE and PGP are lined with orthokeratin. The corpal papillae, which increase surface area for microbial attachment, have undergone a different type of keratinisation called physiological hyperkeratosis. Streptococci, Lactobacilli and unidentified anaerobic bacilli (which colonise papillary microhabitats) are autochthonous in the stomach of M. albicaudatus but P. vulgaris and Ps. flourescens are probably autochthonous. Early gastric development is innate but the rapid development of PB into papillae between 15 and 17 days suggests the presence of allogenic growth stimuli: possibly mechanical abrasion by solid food, low chalone concentration in the papillary basal cells and the influence of the APB. Stimulation by VFA presence, however, is unlikely due to the low concentration of these acids in the stomach (Summary, p. 225)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Maddock, Anthony Hamilton
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Rats -- Physiology Digestion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5603 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002053
- Description: The gastric morphology of the white-tailed rat M. albicaudatus - was described in detail. The bilocular hemiglandular stomach consists of a papillated corpus, non-glandular PGP and glandular antrum. The antrum contains cardiac, fundic and PJ loric glands (suggesting limited glandular reduction during gastric evolution) while the FCE and PGP are lined with orthokeratin. The corpal papillae, which increase surface area for microbial attachment, have undergone a different type of keratinisation called physiological hyperkeratosis. Streptococci, Lactobacilli and unidentified anaerobic bacilli (which colonise papillary microhabitats) are autochthonous in the stomach of M. albicaudatus but P. vulgaris and Ps. flourescens are probably autochthonous. Early gastric development is innate but the rapid development of PB into papillae between 15 and 17 days suggests the presence of allogenic growth stimuli: possibly mechanical abrasion by solid food, low chalone concentration in the papillary basal cells and the influence of the APB. Stimulation by VFA presence, however, is unlikely due to the low concentration of these acids in the stomach (Summary, p. 225)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The factors which influence algal growth in the P.K. le Roux impoundment, Orange River, South Africa
- Authors: Selkirk, Wayne Thomas
- Date: 1982
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5798 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005900
- Description: Introduction: In South Africa, much of the work on algal limitation in man-made lakes has centered on nutrients rather than the possible effects of physical factors such as turbidity.In order to determine which is the most important factor in algal limitation in the turbid Orange River system, a comprehensive study of spatial and seasonal changes of the following factors was undertaken in the P.K. Ie Roux impoundment: trace elements , silicon, nitrate, phosphate, total phosphate, phytoplankton standing stock, total suspended solids, secthi disc transparency, light attenuation and the spectral quality of the light. None of the chemical factors appeared to be in short supply but the shallowness of the euphotic zone (0.8 m) had two effects. Firstly. the quantity of light in the upper 1.5 metres was extremely small due to the rapid attenuation of the light by silt. Secondly. the quality of the light was poor due to the selective screening of the shorter wavelengths of light. Once light limitation had been implicated as an important factor in the control of phytoplankton stocks a series of column experiments were used to demonstrate that increased circulation rate. and therefore a higher light dosage. would elevate the algal standing stocks without the addition of nutrients. It was demonstrated that light. as a result of the negative effects of turbidity was the principal cause of low algal standing stocks within the impoundment. and not nutrients as has previously been suggested by other workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The factors which influence algal growth in the P.K. le Roux impoundment, Orange River, South Africa
- Authors: Selkirk, Wayne Thomas
- Date: 1982
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5798 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005900
- Description: Introduction: In South Africa, much of the work on algal limitation in man-made lakes has centered on nutrients rather than the possible effects of physical factors such as turbidity.In order to determine which is the most important factor in algal limitation in the turbid Orange River system, a comprehensive study of spatial and seasonal changes of the following factors was undertaken in the P.K. Ie Roux impoundment: trace elements , silicon, nitrate, phosphate, total phosphate, phytoplankton standing stock, total suspended solids, secthi disc transparency, light attenuation and the spectral quality of the light. None of the chemical factors appeared to be in short supply but the shallowness of the euphotic zone (0.8 m) had two effects. Firstly. the quantity of light in the upper 1.5 metres was extremely small due to the rapid attenuation of the light by silt. Secondly. the quality of the light was poor due to the selective screening of the shorter wavelengths of light. Once light limitation had been implicated as an important factor in the control of phytoplankton stocks a series of column experiments were used to demonstrate that increased circulation rate. and therefore a higher light dosage. would elevate the algal standing stocks without the addition of nutrients. It was demonstrated that light. as a result of the negative effects of turbidity was the principal cause of low algal standing stocks within the impoundment. and not nutrients as has previously been suggested by other workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The factors affecting the interpretation of geochemical surveys in mineral exploration
- Authors: Fletcher, B A
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Geochemistry , Geochemistry -- Environmental aspects , Mining geology , Minerals , Ore deposits , Geochemical prospecting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5014 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006142
- Description: [From introduction] Exploration geochemistry is an indirect method of detecting mineral deposits by measuring the abundance and distribution of ore elements and elements closely associated with ore in natural materials at or near the earth's surface. The method relies on the assumption that a mineral deposit is reflected by unusual element abundances or distribution patterns (geochemical halos), and that these indications of mineralization can be detected by geochemical surveys involving the collection and analysis of natural materials. The interpretation of geochemical surveys in mineral exploration involves: 1) The use of geological and statistical inference, based on a knowledge of the normal behaviour and distribution of indicator elements in the exploration area, to recognize apparent geochemical anomalies in field and analytical data and to predict the type of geochemical halo reflected by the anomalies. 11) The use of geological inference, based on a knowledge of the characteristics of geochemical halos and their relationship to mineral deposits, to predict the presence and probable location of an ore body. The interpretation process is, however, complicated by the absence of a simple universal formula that relates the abundance and distribution of elements in natural materials to the presence or absence of a mineral deposit. The interpretation of a geochemical survey must, thus, be based on an empirical approach which avaluates each survey as an individual problem. The objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the factors affecting the "nuts and bolts" approach to the interpretation of geochemical surveys in mineral exploration. The discussion is aimed at providing field geologists responsible -for the planning and execution of geochemical surveys with some basic guidelines for interpreting the surveys. I hope that the contents of this dissertation will help field geologists to "look in the last place first".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Fletcher, B A
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Geochemistry , Geochemistry -- Environmental aspects , Mining geology , Minerals , Ore deposits , Geochemical prospecting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5014 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006142
- Description: [From introduction] Exploration geochemistry is an indirect method of detecting mineral deposits by measuring the abundance and distribution of ore elements and elements closely associated with ore in natural materials at or near the earth's surface. The method relies on the assumption that a mineral deposit is reflected by unusual element abundances or distribution patterns (geochemical halos), and that these indications of mineralization can be detected by geochemical surveys involving the collection and analysis of natural materials. The interpretation of geochemical surveys in mineral exploration involves: 1) The use of geological and statistical inference, based on a knowledge of the normal behaviour and distribution of indicator elements in the exploration area, to recognize apparent geochemical anomalies in field and analytical data and to predict the type of geochemical halo reflected by the anomalies. 11) The use of geological inference, based on a knowledge of the characteristics of geochemical halos and their relationship to mineral deposits, to predict the presence and probable location of an ore body. The interpretation process is, however, complicated by the absence of a simple universal formula that relates the abundance and distribution of elements in natural materials to the presence or absence of a mineral deposit. The interpretation of a geochemical survey must, thus, be based on an empirical approach which avaluates each survey as an individual problem. The objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the factors affecting the "nuts and bolts" approach to the interpretation of geochemical surveys in mineral exploration. The discussion is aimed at providing field geologists responsible -for the planning and execution of geochemical surveys with some basic guidelines for interpreting the surveys. I hope that the contents of this dissertation will help field geologists to "look in the last place first".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The ecology and control of Opuntia Aurantiaca in South Africa in relation to the cochineal insect, Dactylopius Austrinus
- Authors: Zimmermann, Helmuth G
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Cochineal insect -- South Africa Cactus -- South Africa Weeds -- Control -- South Africa Insect-plant relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003061
- Description: The cochineal insect Dactylopius austrinus De Lotto, which was released on jointed cactus, Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley, in South Africa in 1932, failed to bring the weed under an acceptable level of control in spite of the encouraging results during the first few years after release. The reasons for this apparent failure were never clearly understood. In 1957 the State embarked on an intensive herbicidal control programme which is still in force today. This sustained and expensive programme has undoubtedly reduced the density of the weed in most areas but has failed to solve the problem and the plant continues to expand its range. The biological control of o. aurantiaca in South Africa has been fundamentally influenced by this chemical control campaign. The relationship between chemical and biological control methods is reported in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Zimmermann, Helmuth G
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Cochineal insect -- South Africa Cactus -- South Africa Weeds -- Control -- South Africa Insect-plant relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003061
- Description: The cochineal insect Dactylopius austrinus De Lotto, which was released on jointed cactus, Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley, in South Africa in 1932, failed to bring the weed under an acceptable level of control in spite of the encouraging results during the first few years after release. The reasons for this apparent failure were never clearly understood. In 1957 the State embarked on an intensive herbicidal control programme which is still in force today. This sustained and expensive programme has undoubtedly reduced the density of the weed in most areas but has failed to solve the problem and the plant continues to expand its range. The biological control of o. aurantiaca in South Africa has been fundamentally influenced by this chemical control campaign. The relationship between chemical and biological control methods is reported in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The diaries of Thomas Shone: 1820 settler, 1838-39 and 1850-59
- Authors: Silva, Penny
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Shone, Thomas, 1784-1868 , Shone family , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1853-1871 , Clumber -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2583 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005799 , Shone, Thomas, 1784-1868 , Shone family , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1853-1871 , Clumber -- History
- Description: I first read the diaries of Thomas Shone in 1971, when working on manuscripts in the Cory Library, Rhodes University, for the Dictionary of South African English on Historical Principles. The diaries were a significant source of South African English; but more than that, they created a moving and vivid picture of one man's life and personality, which made a deep impression. Written daily (unlike many other settler writings, which are reminiscences), the diaries proved to be a journey into the interior life of Thomas Shone, with all his guilt, pain and occasional joys, documented in his idiosyncratic style. Photographs show Thomas to have been a man with a determined, even hard, mouth, and piercing eyes under rather lowering brows. If he was like his son, Thomas junior, he was "erect and bright", and of the "typical Shone build, rather stumpy and fairly broad." His command of language suggests a good education and a sharp intellect, strangely at variance with his description as a labourer. His writing is imbued with the archaic ring of the King James Bible, and much of the charm of the diaries lies in their movement between the sublime and the mundane, as when Shone breaks a discussion of his need to be faithful to God, to note that "Sarah sat a hen on 22 eggs." Shone's diary is an intensely personal document, yet there are signs that he was at times conscious of a possible audience. His use of the phrase "My friends" to address his readers " is likely to have been part of a convention of the time, rather than overt acknowledgement of the presence of an audience; however at the most personal level of all, his relationship with his mistress, he was not explicit, but employed a form of code (.∶.) Furthermore, there is evidence that he kept a rough diary, from which he later made a neat copy. Thomas began his diary in order to record his attempt to stay away from drink, but his writing soon came to mean more to him than this. He gradually introduced notes on his daily activities, and his temptation to drink became just one part of a personal history. From 5 August 1838, when he first wrote of the loss of his wife, the diary became an important outlet for his misery. Despite his unhappiness, Thomas took delight in the use of sarcasm and wry humour to comment on the foibles of humanity. "Me and Billy went to Mandy's; I cut my thumb and three trees", he wrote; and "Indian corn bread makes my belly ache... (My relations have the mind ache; I believe it is worse than the belly ache.)" "Religion is flying away to other parts as fast as it can; the religion here is money, and Cattle and a covetious Spirit for other men's goods ", he grumbled of the Clumber community. The most effective (and prolonged) use of his gift for sharp conment may be found in his description of the watchnight service at Clumber. Shone seems to have possessed a natural flair for language, and used metaphor and simile to good effect, as in the following examples: "Now am I like a dove that as lost his mate"; Every thing seems quiet; I have still a war in my mind"; "Riches very often finds wing and flys away"; and "My mind is like the troubled sea, never at rest". He often showed an affinity for rhythm and alliteration, probably as a result of his familiarity with Biblical English: "These are my days of grief and sorrow"; "poor poverty"; and "Hard is my fate... all things seem to go contrary, strive which way I will." These examples of language provide a strong contrast with his reporting of everyday activities: Shone changes from one linguistic register into another in his movement from introspective to factual writing. At times Shone achieves an extraordinary vividness in his description of small incidents, as in his stories of encounters with monkeys, or his report of an altercation with his son Jack. One of the loveliest passages is his account of a day spent on his old location at Scott's Bottan. Thomas was "political" only insofar as politics touched his own life. For the political historian the diaries are frustrating; except for his descriptions of the War of Mlanjeni, Shone shows little interest in the wider issues of his time. However, the diaries show the complex web of relationships in a small community, and give insights into commercial interaction, domestic activities, marriage ties, religious attitudes, family behaviour and interpersonal conflicts, all set within the political tensions of the frontier society. As the diaries progressed, and Thomas Shone aged, he weed from being an active participant in the life of the frontier, to being an onlooker and commentator. Possessed of a mind (and tongue) which isolated him from many of his neighbours, he was no doubt also separated from his community by his relationship with Ann Hiscock and by his heavy drinking. The diaries became his vehicle for expressing the inexpressible; and in the end it was religion which gave him solace. It is the "interior" diary which provides much of the fascination which Shone's writings hold for the modern reader. Professor Guy Butler has pointed out that writing was a secondary activity for the settlers, whose chief preoccupation was survival in a difficult environment. Shone's diaries certainly reflect his economic struggle; but it is their portrayal of his pilgrimage through life which makes them remarkable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Silva, Penny
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Shone, Thomas, 1784-1868 , Shone family , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1853-1871 , Clumber -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2583 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005799 , Shone, Thomas, 1784-1868 , Shone family , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1853-1871 , Clumber -- History
- Description: I first read the diaries of Thomas Shone in 1971, when working on manuscripts in the Cory Library, Rhodes University, for the Dictionary of South African English on Historical Principles. The diaries were a significant source of South African English; but more than that, they created a moving and vivid picture of one man's life and personality, which made a deep impression. Written daily (unlike many other settler writings, which are reminiscences), the diaries proved to be a journey into the interior life of Thomas Shone, with all his guilt, pain and occasional joys, documented in his idiosyncratic style. Photographs show Thomas to have been a man with a determined, even hard, mouth, and piercing eyes under rather lowering brows. If he was like his son, Thomas junior, he was "erect and bright", and of the "typical Shone build, rather stumpy and fairly broad." His command of language suggests a good education and a sharp intellect, strangely at variance with his description as a labourer. His writing is imbued with the archaic ring of the King James Bible, and much of the charm of the diaries lies in their movement between the sublime and the mundane, as when Shone breaks a discussion of his need to be faithful to God, to note that "Sarah sat a hen on 22 eggs." Shone's diary is an intensely personal document, yet there are signs that he was at times conscious of a possible audience. His use of the phrase "My friends" to address his readers " is likely to have been part of a convention of the time, rather than overt acknowledgement of the presence of an audience; however at the most personal level of all, his relationship with his mistress, he was not explicit, but employed a form of code (.∶.) Furthermore, there is evidence that he kept a rough diary, from which he later made a neat copy. Thomas began his diary in order to record his attempt to stay away from drink, but his writing soon came to mean more to him than this. He gradually introduced notes on his daily activities, and his temptation to drink became just one part of a personal history. From 5 August 1838, when he first wrote of the loss of his wife, the diary became an important outlet for his misery. Despite his unhappiness, Thomas took delight in the use of sarcasm and wry humour to comment on the foibles of humanity. "Me and Billy went to Mandy's; I cut my thumb and three trees", he wrote; and "Indian corn bread makes my belly ache... (My relations have the mind ache; I believe it is worse than the belly ache.)" "Religion is flying away to other parts as fast as it can; the religion here is money, and Cattle and a covetious Spirit for other men's goods ", he grumbled of the Clumber community. The most effective (and prolonged) use of his gift for sharp conment may be found in his description of the watchnight service at Clumber. Shone seems to have possessed a natural flair for language, and used metaphor and simile to good effect, as in the following examples: "Now am I like a dove that as lost his mate"; Every thing seems quiet; I have still a war in my mind"; "Riches very often finds wing and flys away"; and "My mind is like the troubled sea, never at rest". He often showed an affinity for rhythm and alliteration, probably as a result of his familiarity with Biblical English: "These are my days of grief and sorrow"; "poor poverty"; and "Hard is my fate... all things seem to go contrary, strive which way I will." These examples of language provide a strong contrast with his reporting of everyday activities: Shone changes from one linguistic register into another in his movement from introspective to factual writing. At times Shone achieves an extraordinary vividness in his description of small incidents, as in his stories of encounters with monkeys, or his report of an altercation with his son Jack. One of the loveliest passages is his account of a day spent on his old location at Scott's Bottan. Thomas was "political" only insofar as politics touched his own life. For the political historian the diaries are frustrating; except for his descriptions of the War of Mlanjeni, Shone shows little interest in the wider issues of his time. However, the diaries show the complex web of relationships in a small community, and give insights into commercial interaction, domestic activities, marriage ties, religious attitudes, family behaviour and interpersonal conflicts, all set within the political tensions of the frontier society. As the diaries progressed, and Thomas Shone aged, he weed from being an active participant in the life of the frontier, to being an onlooker and commentator. Possessed of a mind (and tongue) which isolated him from many of his neighbours, he was no doubt also separated from his community by his relationship with Ann Hiscock and by his heavy drinking. The diaries became his vehicle for expressing the inexpressible; and in the end it was religion which gave him solace. It is the "interior" diary which provides much of the fascination which Shone's writings hold for the modern reader. Professor Guy Butler has pointed out that writing was a secondary activity for the settlers, whose chief preoccupation was survival in a difficult environment. Shone's diaries certainly reflect his economic struggle; but it is their portrayal of his pilgrimage through life which makes them remarkable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The development of cello technique in the string quartets of Joseph Haydn with special reference to (a) the various external influences causing this development and (b) the potential use of the cello parts within a teaching situation
- Sholto-Douglas, Ishbel Elizabeth Fraser
- Authors: Sholto-Douglas, Ishbel Elizabeth Fraser
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Haydn, Joseph, 1732-1809 -- Quartets, strings Cello -- Methods Cello -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005864
- Description: From Introduction: In the middle of the eighteenth century, when Haydn began composing his first string quartets, violin writing was highly advanced and the violin an established solo instrument, its supremacy already firmly endorsed by the Italian Violin Schools of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The pace of development of the cello, however, was not comparable to that of the violin, despite the fact that the first cello known to us was made in 1572.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Sholto-Douglas, Ishbel Elizabeth Fraser
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Haydn, Joseph, 1732-1809 -- Quartets, strings Cello -- Methods Cello -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005864
- Description: From Introduction: In the middle of the eighteenth century, when Haydn began composing his first string quartets, violin writing was highly advanced and the violin an established solo instrument, its supremacy already firmly endorsed by the Italian Violin Schools of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The pace of development of the cello, however, was not comparable to that of the violin, despite the fact that the first cello known to us was made in 1572.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982