Studies towards the development of novel antimalarial agents
- Authors: Adeyemi, Christiana Modupe
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54645 , vital:26596
- Description: Considerable efforts have been made in the modification of existing antimalarial drugs, and the support of incentive programmes have led to a drastic decrease in malaria cases reported by WHO during the past 6 years. However, the development of drug resistance threatens the eradication of this deadly disease and has prompted research on the synthesis of novel antimalarial drugs. Our research has involved the design and synthesis of novel benzylated phosphonate esters as potential 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) inhibitors. A series of amidoalkylphosphonate esters were obtained by reacting various 3-subsituted anilines and heterocyclic amines with chloroalkanoyl chlorides and reacting the resulting chloroalkanamides with triethyl phosphite using Michaelis-Arbuzov methodology. Benzylation of the phosphonate esters afforded a series of novel N-benzylated derivatives in good yields and these compounds were fully characterised by NMR and HRMS methods. Several approaches to the introduction of a benzyl group at the C-2 position of the phosphonate ester derivatives have been explored, leading unexpectedly to the isolation of unprecedented tetrahydrofuranyl derivatives. Studies towards the preparation of potential bi-functional PfDXR / HIV-1 RT inhibitors have also been initiated. Preliminary in silico docking studies of selected non-benzylated and benzylated phosphonated derivatives into the Pf-DXR active-site has provided useful insight into the binding potential of these ligands. Bioassays have revealed a very low toxicity for all the synthesised phosphonated compounds and a number of these ligands also exhibit a promising inhibitory activity against the Plasmodium parasite.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Adeyemi, Christiana Modupe
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54645 , vital:26596
- Description: Considerable efforts have been made in the modification of existing antimalarial drugs, and the support of incentive programmes have led to a drastic decrease in malaria cases reported by WHO during the past 6 years. However, the development of drug resistance threatens the eradication of this deadly disease and has prompted research on the synthesis of novel antimalarial drugs. Our research has involved the design and synthesis of novel benzylated phosphonate esters as potential 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) inhibitors. A series of amidoalkylphosphonate esters were obtained by reacting various 3-subsituted anilines and heterocyclic amines with chloroalkanoyl chlorides and reacting the resulting chloroalkanamides with triethyl phosphite using Michaelis-Arbuzov methodology. Benzylation of the phosphonate esters afforded a series of novel N-benzylated derivatives in good yields and these compounds were fully characterised by NMR and HRMS methods. Several approaches to the introduction of a benzyl group at the C-2 position of the phosphonate ester derivatives have been explored, leading unexpectedly to the isolation of unprecedented tetrahydrofuranyl derivatives. Studies towards the preparation of potential bi-functional PfDXR / HIV-1 RT inhibitors have also been initiated. Preliminary in silico docking studies of selected non-benzylated and benzylated phosphonated derivatives into the Pf-DXR active-site has provided useful insight into the binding potential of these ligands. Bioassays have revealed a very low toxicity for all the synthesised phosphonated compounds and a number of these ligands also exhibit a promising inhibitory activity against the Plasmodium parasite.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
An investigation of the implementation of the thematic approach in Namibian lower primary classrooms: a case study
- Authors: Amukushu-Niipare, Alina
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Education, Elementary -- Namibia -- Case studies Teaching -- Namibia -- Case studies Education -- Namibia -- Case studies Educational change -- Namibia -- Case studies School integration -- Namibia -- Case studies Curriculum planning -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1651 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003534
- Description: This study focuses on the implementation of a thematic approach in the Namibian Lower Primary Phase of schooling. The purpose of the study is to investigate teachers’ perceptions and understanding of the thematic approach and also to explore how teachers plan and implement a thematic approach in their classrooms. It is argued that a thematic approach allows for a combination of subjects that integrate content across the curriculum in such a way that learners can see the relations among concepts and so build up their knowledge in a more meaningful way. The work was done in a qualitative paradigm using a case study approach. Findings reveal that the majority of teachers have a shallow conceptual understanding of the principles of a thematic approach and this causes difficulties in their practice. The investigation concludes that in order for teachers to deepen their conceptual understanding of the thematic approach, follow-up workshops are necessary to help them develop appropriate strategies for their classrooms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Amukushu-Niipare, Alina
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Education, Elementary -- Namibia -- Case studies Teaching -- Namibia -- Case studies Education -- Namibia -- Case studies Educational change -- Namibia -- Case studies School integration -- Namibia -- Case studies Curriculum planning -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1651 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003534
- Description: This study focuses on the implementation of a thematic approach in the Namibian Lower Primary Phase of schooling. The purpose of the study is to investigate teachers’ perceptions and understanding of the thematic approach and also to explore how teachers plan and implement a thematic approach in their classrooms. It is argued that a thematic approach allows for a combination of subjects that integrate content across the curriculum in such a way that learners can see the relations among concepts and so build up their knowledge in a more meaningful way. The work was done in a qualitative paradigm using a case study approach. Findings reveal that the majority of teachers have a shallow conceptual understanding of the principles of a thematic approach and this causes difficulties in their practice. The investigation concludes that in order for teachers to deepen their conceptual understanding of the thematic approach, follow-up workshops are necessary to help them develop appropriate strategies for their classrooms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
An evaluation of UPLC technology for the simultaneous analysis of actives in a multi-active drug
- Authors: Bawjee, Janita
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: High performance liquid chromatography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10384 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008407 , High performance liquid chromatography
- Description: The evaluation of the potential to use Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for the simultaneous quantification of all the actives in a multi-active tablet is described in this work. Part of the evaluation was to ensure that the necessary regulatory requirements were adhered to by ascertaining that an analytical method is suitable for a specific purpose through analytical method validation for the specific multi-active tablet. The UPLC method was also tested for the analysis of similar products, namely tablet formulations that contain similar active ingredients in the same proportions but with an additional active ingredient. A method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, caffeine and codeine phosphate was developed using UPLC technology. The UPLC developed method was more efficient than the existing in-house HPLC method. The UPLC method was then validated in accordance to ICH and USP guidelines. The application of this UPLC method for the analysis of similar products containing paracetamol, caffeine, codeine phosphate and one extra active ingredient was very challenging. The low concentration of the additional component, differences in sample matrix and differences in formulations added to the challenges. The direct application for the analysis of products Y and Z was not successful; however the method could be used as a platform for further research. A cost comparison between the UPLC and HPLC methods showed the UPLC method to be more cost effective. Thus, while maintenance costs are higher for the UPLC instrument, column costs are comparable to HPLC columns, but solvent and waste disposal charges decrease considerably due to lower solvent use. The reduction in instrument time dramatically improves the cost effectiveness of UPLC over HPLC due to a concurrent reduction in analyst time requirement. The results of this study show that the analytical costs associated with the analysis of multi-active drugs using HPLC procedures can be reduced substantially by the CONFIDENTIAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF ASPEN PHARMACARE implementation of UPLC technology. The hypothesis that the enhanced chromatographic power of UPLC can be leveraged to provide faster analysis times hence increased product throughput rates, and lower operating costs for the analysis of multi-active drugs was accepted. These advantages were achieved whilst meeting all regulatory requirements for analytical methods as required by regulatory bodies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Bawjee, Janita
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: High performance liquid chromatography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10384 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008407 , High performance liquid chromatography
- Description: The evaluation of the potential to use Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for the simultaneous quantification of all the actives in a multi-active tablet is described in this work. Part of the evaluation was to ensure that the necessary regulatory requirements were adhered to by ascertaining that an analytical method is suitable for a specific purpose through analytical method validation for the specific multi-active tablet. The UPLC method was also tested for the analysis of similar products, namely tablet formulations that contain similar active ingredients in the same proportions but with an additional active ingredient. A method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, caffeine and codeine phosphate was developed using UPLC technology. The UPLC developed method was more efficient than the existing in-house HPLC method. The UPLC method was then validated in accordance to ICH and USP guidelines. The application of this UPLC method for the analysis of similar products containing paracetamol, caffeine, codeine phosphate and one extra active ingredient was very challenging. The low concentration of the additional component, differences in sample matrix and differences in formulations added to the challenges. The direct application for the analysis of products Y and Z was not successful; however the method could be used as a platform for further research. A cost comparison between the UPLC and HPLC methods showed the UPLC method to be more cost effective. Thus, while maintenance costs are higher for the UPLC instrument, column costs are comparable to HPLC columns, but solvent and waste disposal charges decrease considerably due to lower solvent use. The reduction in instrument time dramatically improves the cost effectiveness of UPLC over HPLC due to a concurrent reduction in analyst time requirement. The results of this study show that the analytical costs associated with the analysis of multi-active drugs using HPLC procedures can be reduced substantially by the CONFIDENTIAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF ASPEN PHARMACARE implementation of UPLC technology. The hypothesis that the enhanced chromatographic power of UPLC can be leveraged to provide faster analysis times hence increased product throughput rates, and lower operating costs for the analysis of multi-active drugs was accepted. These advantages were achieved whilst meeting all regulatory requirements for analytical methods as required by regulatory bodies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
A review of mineral exploration drilling with particular reference to Southern Africa
- Authors: Bertram, N G E
- Date: 1980
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4931 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004930
- Description: The field of mineral exploration drilling is reviewed with particular reference to examples, and techniques practised, in southern Africa. Drilling is the most· definitive process in exploration and the most cost intensive. It is, therefore, imperative to insure that the maximum geological information available is obtained from a borehole to warrant the cost of drilling it. Methods and techniques of obtaining this information, at little additional expense, are described and reviewed. Non-core percussion and rotary drilled boreholes cost significantly less than diamond drill holes and, as a result, many more holes can be drilled for the money available. While the logging of cuttings is notoriously neglected in most exploration programmes; a great deal of information is available to the conscientious evaluator. Down-the-hole logging and sampling techniques improve the reliability of the borehole samples and provide rapid and inexpensive analyses and lithological data. Cored, or diamond drill boreholes, are the most versatile of the drilling methods available and provide the most reliable lithological and grade information. The handling, logging, sampling and storage of core and core data is discussed. For little additional expense, comprehensive and accurate borehole surveys can be conducted and oriented cores obtained from the borehole. The natural tendency of a borehole to deviate can be used to advantage with controlled drilling techniques. Multiple ore intersections are possible through controlled deflections from a master hole. Mathematical, statistical and simulation models are available to optimise borehole siting, spacing and grid dimensions .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
- Authors: Bertram, N G E
- Date: 1980
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4931 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004930
- Description: The field of mineral exploration drilling is reviewed with particular reference to examples, and techniques practised, in southern Africa. Drilling is the most· definitive process in exploration and the most cost intensive. It is, therefore, imperative to insure that the maximum geological information available is obtained from a borehole to warrant the cost of drilling it. Methods and techniques of obtaining this information, at little additional expense, are described and reviewed. Non-core percussion and rotary drilled boreholes cost significantly less than diamond drill holes and, as a result, many more holes can be drilled for the money available. While the logging of cuttings is notoriously neglected in most exploration programmes; a great deal of information is available to the conscientious evaluator. Down-the-hole logging and sampling techniques improve the reliability of the borehole samples and provide rapid and inexpensive analyses and lithological data. Cored, or diamond drill boreholes, are the most versatile of the drilling methods available and provide the most reliable lithological and grade information. The handling, logging, sampling and storage of core and core data is discussed. For little additional expense, comprehensive and accurate borehole surveys can be conducted and oriented cores obtained from the borehole. The natural tendency of a borehole to deviate can be used to advantage with controlled drilling techniques. Multiple ore intersections are possible through controlled deflections from a master hole. Mathematical, statistical and simulation models are available to optimise borehole siting, spacing and grid dimensions .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1980
The role of field and garden cultivation for food security under a changing climate: the case of Fairbairn and Ntloko villages, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Brooks, Haydn
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Climatic changes -- Economic aspects -- Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Climatic changes -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Food -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58013 , vital:27019
- Description: The world is becoming more complex due to the increasing occurrence of social-ecological change. This is particularly evident in the developing world, especially on the African continent, where existing vulnerabilities (i.e. endemic poverty, weak governance, overpopulation and HIV/AIDS) are being exacerbated by the impact of climate change. Climate change poses a very real threat to millions of Africans, especially those who rely on the natural world for their livelihoods. The increasing variability of climate and rainfall patterns are said to have dire consequences on agricultural production which is the main livelihood activity of rural dwellers across the continent. The impacts of such change and variability include, changes in the frequency and intensity of droughts, flooding and heavy storms, leading to worsening soil conditions, desertification as well as disease and pest out-breaks which will likely result in reduced crop and livestock yields. A reduction in agricultural production will likely have a negative effect on the food security of millions of people. This study was conducted in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, in two rural villages, Fairbairn and Ntloko located in the former Ciskei homeland, with the purpose of exploring the nexus between climate change, cultivation and food security. This study combined social-ecological thinking with that of political ecology to create a robust lens, in which to analyse the complex interactions between humans and the environment. A mixed methods approach was used to gather the data which consisted of a household survey, using a structured questionnaire as well as semi-structured interviews with various respondents. Quantitative data were analysed using Excel and Statistica 13, whilst coding was used for qualitative data. The main aim of the study was to explore the extent and characteristics of cultivation in the two study sites, the role of household food production in food security as well as the challenges that local cultivator’s face with regards to climate change. In recent decades, there has been a decline in rural agricultural production with many fields that were previously cultivated, lying vacant and unused. However, as this study found, cultivation is still important as over 50% of sampled households cultivated a small area within the homestead. This was mainly done to supplement household food expenditure in order to save cash incomes. The results also found that although participants had perceived negative changes in climate and rainfall (amount, onset, duration), it was not considered the most important challenge for own production. Rather, lack of fencing and capital were seen as major hindrances to efficient own production. Understanding the complexity of own production and food security under a changing climate can help form better and more resilient policies and strategies for rural development, in addition to strengthening future livelihoods of rural people in an ever changing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Brooks, Haydn
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Climatic changes -- Economic aspects -- Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Climatic changes -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Food -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58013 , vital:27019
- Description: The world is becoming more complex due to the increasing occurrence of social-ecological change. This is particularly evident in the developing world, especially on the African continent, where existing vulnerabilities (i.e. endemic poverty, weak governance, overpopulation and HIV/AIDS) are being exacerbated by the impact of climate change. Climate change poses a very real threat to millions of Africans, especially those who rely on the natural world for their livelihoods. The increasing variability of climate and rainfall patterns are said to have dire consequences on agricultural production which is the main livelihood activity of rural dwellers across the continent. The impacts of such change and variability include, changes in the frequency and intensity of droughts, flooding and heavy storms, leading to worsening soil conditions, desertification as well as disease and pest out-breaks which will likely result in reduced crop and livestock yields. A reduction in agricultural production will likely have a negative effect on the food security of millions of people. This study was conducted in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, in two rural villages, Fairbairn and Ntloko located in the former Ciskei homeland, with the purpose of exploring the nexus between climate change, cultivation and food security. This study combined social-ecological thinking with that of political ecology to create a robust lens, in which to analyse the complex interactions between humans and the environment. A mixed methods approach was used to gather the data which consisted of a household survey, using a structured questionnaire as well as semi-structured interviews with various respondents. Quantitative data were analysed using Excel and Statistica 13, whilst coding was used for qualitative data. The main aim of the study was to explore the extent and characteristics of cultivation in the two study sites, the role of household food production in food security as well as the challenges that local cultivator’s face with regards to climate change. In recent decades, there has been a decline in rural agricultural production with many fields that were previously cultivated, lying vacant and unused. However, as this study found, cultivation is still important as over 50% of sampled households cultivated a small area within the homestead. This was mainly done to supplement household food expenditure in order to save cash incomes. The results also found that although participants had perceived negative changes in climate and rainfall (amount, onset, duration), it was not considered the most important challenge for own production. Rather, lack of fencing and capital were seen as major hindrances to efficient own production. Understanding the complexity of own production and food security under a changing climate can help form better and more resilient policies and strategies for rural development, in addition to strengthening future livelihoods of rural people in an ever changing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Patents, pills, poverty and pandemic: the ethical issues
- Authors: Brown, Walter
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- Ethics , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , AIDS (Disease) -- Moral and ethical aspects , HIV infections -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , Social responsibility of business , Pharmaceutical industry -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2705 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002835 , Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- Ethics , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , AIDS (Disease) -- Moral and ethical aspects , HIV infections -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , Social responsibility of business , Pharmaceutical industry -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects
- Description: This thesis argues that corporations qua corporations are moral agents sui generis and hence capable of being held morally responsible. I argue that corporations qua corporations are responsible for the actual and foreseen consequences of their actions. I analyse normative theories and the different proscriptive responsibilities they place on moral agents and hence corporations. I examine Kantianism, utilitarianism and virtue ethics. I argue for a unique normative ethical theory that incorporates reasoning from all three of the normative theories. I argue for a broad range of reasons to factor into deciding whether an act is ethical or not. One of the claims of this thesis is that ethical theories must incorporate an agent’s motivation, intention and character traits as relevant to deciding on whether an action is ethical or not. My thesis argues for an indispensable role for the virtues while at the same time incorporating impartial beneficence and universal rationality from utilitarianism and Kantianism. This position I, following the literature, refer to as moderate virtue theory. Having established corporate qua corporate responsibility I question the pharmaceutical corporation’s practice of patenting life saving medication during a state of pandemic in poor countries. The moderate virtue theory position prioritises contexts and the actual human condition and criticises normative theories that attempt to give universal, abstracted answers to ethical problems. It is for this reason and the current (2003) HIV/AIDS pandemic that I focus on a particular context. I examine the practice of patenting life saving medication within South Africa and argue, applying moderate virtue theory, that this act cannot be justified. I argue that a pharmaceutical corporation that patents life saving medication in South Africa cannot justify that action and thus is morally responsible for that action. I also argue that corporations patenting HIV/AIDS medication in South Africa have unethical motivations and intentions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Brown, Walter
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- Ethics , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , AIDS (Disease) -- Moral and ethical aspects , HIV infections -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , Social responsibility of business , Pharmaceutical industry -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2705 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002835 , Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- Ethics , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , AIDS (Disease) -- Moral and ethical aspects , HIV infections -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects , Social responsibility of business , Pharmaceutical industry -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects
- Description: This thesis argues that corporations qua corporations are moral agents sui generis and hence capable of being held morally responsible. I argue that corporations qua corporations are responsible for the actual and foreseen consequences of their actions. I analyse normative theories and the different proscriptive responsibilities they place on moral agents and hence corporations. I examine Kantianism, utilitarianism and virtue ethics. I argue for a unique normative ethical theory that incorporates reasoning from all three of the normative theories. I argue for a broad range of reasons to factor into deciding whether an act is ethical or not. One of the claims of this thesis is that ethical theories must incorporate an agent’s motivation, intention and character traits as relevant to deciding on whether an action is ethical or not. My thesis argues for an indispensable role for the virtues while at the same time incorporating impartial beneficence and universal rationality from utilitarianism and Kantianism. This position I, following the literature, refer to as moderate virtue theory. Having established corporate qua corporate responsibility I question the pharmaceutical corporation’s practice of patenting life saving medication during a state of pandemic in poor countries. The moderate virtue theory position prioritises contexts and the actual human condition and criticises normative theories that attempt to give universal, abstracted answers to ethical problems. It is for this reason and the current (2003) HIV/AIDS pandemic that I focus on a particular context. I examine the practice of patenting life saving medication within South Africa and argue, applying moderate virtue theory, that this act cannot be justified. I argue that a pharmaceutical corporation that patents life saving medication in South Africa cannot justify that action and thus is morally responsible for that action. I also argue that corporations patenting HIV/AIDS medication in South Africa have unethical motivations and intentions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Towards a broader socio-ecological education : a case study of school based curricular reform
- Authors: Cimma, Gary Martin
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:20973 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5763
- Description: This work documents and analyses an action research project that the researcher undertook in conjunction with colleagues at an independent Catholic high school in Johannesburg. The main objective was to try to expand the existing curriculum in operation at the time of starting the research to one, which was more socio-ecologically sensitive. One of the key references during the action research was the recently drafted ‘Vision Statement’ document, which detailed the educational ideals of the school. Some of the key findings that emerged as the research proceeded, were that the levels of socio-ecological sensitivity displayed by the learners were influenced by the backgrounds from which they came, and that these background environments were often not comfortable with the changes taking place in the educational and greater South African environments. The Participatory Action Research mode of research which was used proved to be problematic in that only a handful of the educators actually got involved in participating in the project. The failure of many of educators to get involved was, in the opinion of the researcher, due to their lack of understanding how important the development of social and ecological sensitivity are to the necessary change capacity required in present day South African society. The need to be involved in the ongoing development of curriculum as required by Curriculum 2005 as a form of Outcomes Based Education was also problematic as some educators were not familiar with their role in this regard. The limited time-span of the research was also a limiting factor as the development of a socio-ecologically sensitive curriculum required changes in some fundamental attitudes and approaches to education and the environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Cimma, Gary Martin
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:20973 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5763
- Description: This work documents and analyses an action research project that the researcher undertook in conjunction with colleagues at an independent Catholic high school in Johannesburg. The main objective was to try to expand the existing curriculum in operation at the time of starting the research to one, which was more socio-ecologically sensitive. One of the key references during the action research was the recently drafted ‘Vision Statement’ document, which detailed the educational ideals of the school. Some of the key findings that emerged as the research proceeded, were that the levels of socio-ecological sensitivity displayed by the learners were influenced by the backgrounds from which they came, and that these background environments were often not comfortable with the changes taking place in the educational and greater South African environments. The Participatory Action Research mode of research which was used proved to be problematic in that only a handful of the educators actually got involved in participating in the project. The failure of many of educators to get involved was, in the opinion of the researcher, due to their lack of understanding how important the development of social and ecological sensitivity are to the necessary change capacity required in present day South African society. The need to be involved in the ongoing development of curriculum as required by Curriculum 2005 as a form of Outcomes Based Education was also problematic as some educators were not familiar with their role in this regard. The limited time-span of the research was also a limiting factor as the development of a socio-ecologically sensitive curriculum required changes in some fundamental attitudes and approaches to education and the environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
The impact of social network sites on written isiXhosa : a case study of a rural and an urban high school
- Authors: Dlutu, Bongiwe Agrienette
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Online social networks -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Use studies Mobile communication systems -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Interpersonal communication -- Technological innovations -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Mobile communication systems in education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Aids and devices Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Electronic mail systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Slang Smartphones -- South Africa -- Use studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3629 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011826
- Description: The use of cellphones has increased all over the world. That invites many academics to conduct research on the usage of these devices, especially by young people, since young people join Social Network Sites (Facebook, Mxit, 2go, Whatsapp) and use a shorthand language. Most studies are related to the use of English and other languages that are recognised by computer software. There are few studies, if any, that have been done in relation to the use of African Languages on these sites. This research therefore aims to seek to explore the use of African Languages, especially isiXhosa, in assessing how technology might help in language development through the usage of SNSs that learners already use to equip them with educational material in their mother tongue. This study was conducted in two high schools, Nogemane Senior Secondary School in a disadvantaged and remote rural community with limited access to additional educational material such as magazines, newspapers, and television. The school also lacks basic study materials such as textbooks from the Education Department and they have no access to a library and laboratory. They also only have very few subjects to choose from. Nombulelo Senior Secondary School is in Grahamstown. This school has good infrastructure and learners have access to different technological devices and they can access libraries. What is common between learners in both schools is that they are all doing isiXhosa as a first language and are using SNSs to interact with each other. This study has found that learners enjoy using SNSs rather than reading the printed books. Furthermore, they enjoy and prefer interacting in isiXhosa in their conversations. Learners also use the web to post and show their creative writing, regardless of the shorthand form writing they use on the SNSs. This study has found that learners are not well equipped with basic isiXhosa skills when reaching the FET phase. They lack the understanding of standard isiXhosa idioms and proverbs. That clearly means that they are equipped in the more modern forms of literature rather than the traditional oral forms. IsiXhosa teachers also see SNSs as the better platform to engage with learners and they suggest that there must be a section in the subjects at school that teaches about cyber bullying and being safe online. This thesis also presents examples of new and contemporary forms of SNS-speak that are used by learners in both the rural and urban schools. This study is more concerned with SNSs for literacy development and to assess whether the shorthand writing has negative or positive effects in writing isiXhosa. This is done against the backdrop of a literature review which explores new literacies, computer mediated communication, social identity models as well as language policy and planning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Dlutu, Bongiwe Agrienette
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Online social networks -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Use studies Mobile communication systems -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Interpersonal communication -- Technological innovations -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Mobile communication systems in education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Aids and devices Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Electronic mail systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Slang Smartphones -- South Africa -- Use studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3629 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011826
- Description: The use of cellphones has increased all over the world. That invites many academics to conduct research on the usage of these devices, especially by young people, since young people join Social Network Sites (Facebook, Mxit, 2go, Whatsapp) and use a shorthand language. Most studies are related to the use of English and other languages that are recognised by computer software. There are few studies, if any, that have been done in relation to the use of African Languages on these sites. This research therefore aims to seek to explore the use of African Languages, especially isiXhosa, in assessing how technology might help in language development through the usage of SNSs that learners already use to equip them with educational material in their mother tongue. This study was conducted in two high schools, Nogemane Senior Secondary School in a disadvantaged and remote rural community with limited access to additional educational material such as magazines, newspapers, and television. The school also lacks basic study materials such as textbooks from the Education Department and they have no access to a library and laboratory. They also only have very few subjects to choose from. Nombulelo Senior Secondary School is in Grahamstown. This school has good infrastructure and learners have access to different technological devices and they can access libraries. What is common between learners in both schools is that they are all doing isiXhosa as a first language and are using SNSs to interact with each other. This study has found that learners enjoy using SNSs rather than reading the printed books. Furthermore, they enjoy and prefer interacting in isiXhosa in their conversations. Learners also use the web to post and show their creative writing, regardless of the shorthand form writing they use on the SNSs. This study has found that learners are not well equipped with basic isiXhosa skills when reaching the FET phase. They lack the understanding of standard isiXhosa idioms and proverbs. That clearly means that they are equipped in the more modern forms of literature rather than the traditional oral forms. IsiXhosa teachers also see SNSs as the better platform to engage with learners and they suggest that there must be a section in the subjects at school that teaches about cyber bullying and being safe online. This thesis also presents examples of new and contemporary forms of SNS-speak that are used by learners in both the rural and urban schools. This study is more concerned with SNSs for literacy development and to assess whether the shorthand writing has negative or positive effects in writing isiXhosa. This is done against the backdrop of a literature review which explores new literacies, computer mediated communication, social identity models as well as language policy and planning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Aileen wuornos : a psychobiographical study
- Authors: Fakude, Shuanize Xiluva
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Women serial murderers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50789 , vital:42700
- Description: A psychobiographical study is an exploration of a unique individual’s entire lived life through a psychological lens. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the personality development of Aileen Wuornos within her socio-historical context by applying Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. Aileen Carol Wuornos was an American serial killer who murdered seven men in Florida between 1989 and 1990 by shooting them at point blank range. Wuornos’s life was marked by a difficult formative environment, maternal abandonment, and adoption by her grandparents. Wuornos continued to experience physical, emotional and sexual abuse at the hands of family members, friends and the community. Wuornos lived her life focusing on survival, and started to engage with petty crime and prostitution to do so. Her patterns escalated to include more serious criminal behaviour, culminating in serial murder. Wuornos was selected for this study using nonpropability purposive sampling. She was selected based on the researcher’s curiosity of her life events and experiences that led her to commit serial murders. Data was collected through a variety of primary and secondary sources on Wuornos and it was analysed using Miles and Huberman’s three steps process of data analysis, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings of this study indicate that Wuornos experiences severe difficulties in renegotiating the seven stages proposed by Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development, and all the ego strengths that she developed were seriously delayed.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Fakude, Shuanize Xiluva
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Women serial murderers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50789 , vital:42700
- Description: A psychobiographical study is an exploration of a unique individual’s entire lived life through a psychological lens. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the personality development of Aileen Wuornos within her socio-historical context by applying Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. Aileen Carol Wuornos was an American serial killer who murdered seven men in Florida between 1989 and 1990 by shooting them at point blank range. Wuornos’s life was marked by a difficult formative environment, maternal abandonment, and adoption by her grandparents. Wuornos continued to experience physical, emotional and sexual abuse at the hands of family members, friends and the community. Wuornos lived her life focusing on survival, and started to engage with petty crime and prostitution to do so. Her patterns escalated to include more serious criminal behaviour, culminating in serial murder. Wuornos was selected for this study using nonpropability purposive sampling. She was selected based on the researcher’s curiosity of her life events and experiences that led her to commit serial murders. Data was collected through a variety of primary and secondary sources on Wuornos and it was analysed using Miles and Huberman’s three steps process of data analysis, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings of this study indicate that Wuornos experiences severe difficulties in renegotiating the seven stages proposed by Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development, and all the ego strengths that she developed were seriously delayed.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2020
Restricted teacher leadership : a case study in a township high school in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Fani, Pamela Pumla
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Educational leadership , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2059 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019882
- Description: The South African education system prior to 1994 was characterised by hierarchical management structures with top-down communication systems. After 1994, there was a policy call to shift leadership and management practices to more democratic ways of working. These policies required the principals to share their power with teachers, replacing the leader-follower system of leadership. The post-apartheid era in the South African education system marked a turning point where, in policy discourse at least, teachers were seen as leaders, opening the doors for teacher leadership. The aim of this study was to explore the enactment of teacher leadership in a township secondary school in the province of the Eastern Cape. It also sought to investigate the factors that enhanced or hindered this leadership enactment as teachers operated as leaders in their natural setting. Under the umbrella of distributed leadership as a theoretical framework, the research study was located within the interpretive paradigm and a qualitative case study was adopted. Three teacher leaders at the case study school were my primary participants. Data collection methods included interviews, questionnaires, observations, self-reflective journaling and telephonic conservations. I used Grant’s Model of teacher leadership as my analytical tool. My findings indicated that teacher leadership was enacted in all the zones of teacher leadership but to varying degrees. My teacher leaders enacted leadership in Zone 1 where they showed strong leadership in the classroom. They also enacted leadership in Zone 2 and 4 where they showed leadership in working with other teachers and learners outside the classroom in curricular and extra-curricular activities as well as in other neighbouring schools. However, in Zone 3 the School Management Team (SMT) controlled most of the leadership and management activities. Teacher leaders were not included in decision-making in this zone as the SMT thought that it was their sole duty. Teacher leadership in this school was thus characterised as ‘restricted’ following the characterisations of teacher leadership by Harris & Muijs (2007). Using Gunter’s (2005) categories of distributed leadership, I categorised the case study school as an example of authorised distributed leadership.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Fani, Pamela Pumla
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Educational leadership , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2059 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019882
- Description: The South African education system prior to 1994 was characterised by hierarchical management structures with top-down communication systems. After 1994, there was a policy call to shift leadership and management practices to more democratic ways of working. These policies required the principals to share their power with teachers, replacing the leader-follower system of leadership. The post-apartheid era in the South African education system marked a turning point where, in policy discourse at least, teachers were seen as leaders, opening the doors for teacher leadership. The aim of this study was to explore the enactment of teacher leadership in a township secondary school in the province of the Eastern Cape. It also sought to investigate the factors that enhanced or hindered this leadership enactment as teachers operated as leaders in their natural setting. Under the umbrella of distributed leadership as a theoretical framework, the research study was located within the interpretive paradigm and a qualitative case study was adopted. Three teacher leaders at the case study school were my primary participants. Data collection methods included interviews, questionnaires, observations, self-reflective journaling and telephonic conservations. I used Grant’s Model of teacher leadership as my analytical tool. My findings indicated that teacher leadership was enacted in all the zones of teacher leadership but to varying degrees. My teacher leaders enacted leadership in Zone 1 where they showed strong leadership in the classroom. They also enacted leadership in Zone 2 and 4 where they showed leadership in working with other teachers and learners outside the classroom in curricular and extra-curricular activities as well as in other neighbouring schools. However, in Zone 3 the School Management Team (SMT) controlled most of the leadership and management activities. Teacher leaders were not included in decision-making in this zone as the SMT thought that it was their sole duty. Teacher leadership in this school was thus characterised as ‘restricted’ following the characterisations of teacher leadership by Harris & Muijs (2007). Using Gunter’s (2005) categories of distributed leadership, I categorised the case study school as an example of authorised distributed leadership.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Earnings quality and equity returns : evidence of the accrual anomaly from the South African equity market
- Authors: Lutchmun, Thashveen
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Earnings management -- South Africa , Accounting -- Standards
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:915 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017537
- Description: A key incentive for accounting research is to provide evidence on the usefulness of earnings in making economic decisions. Of particular interest over the last two decades is the issue of the quality of financial reporting, specifically the quality of earnings, given the number of global financial scandals reported during that period. The quality of earnings is driven by the choices, estimates and judgments that the accounting standards make available to managers in order to portray the firm’s economic position and performance in a timely and credible manner. However, this leeway in financial reporting also creates opportunities for earnings management. The objective of this thesis is firstly to establish whether earnings manipulation has had the ability to predict cross-sectional returns in South Africa during the 2007-2014 period. In other words, the purpose of this thesis is to find evidence whether the market reacts to earnings management practices, as measured by accruals, and rewards high earnings quality companies with higher equity returns (a process known as the accrual anomaly). The timeframe selected for the research encompasses the global financial crisis, a period in which accounting manipulation incentives are likely to be strong. Secondly, this study attempts to establish the presence of the accrual anomaly amongst growth and value firms. The motivations for earnings management of the former are expected to be strong. Securities are allocated to portfolios according to accruals and the subsequent equity returns are analysed cross-sectionally to establish the existence of the accrual anomaly and hence assessing the usefulness of earnings manipulation in predicting equity returns. To provide evidence for the presence of the accrual anomaly amongst growth and value shares, securities are independently allocated to portfolios according to their book-to-market ratio and accruals and a cross-sectional analysis is performed on their subsequent equity returns. In order to increase the robustness of the tests, two measures of accruals are used: a balance sheet approach and a cash flow measure. Evidence is provided for the presence of the accrual anomaly among South African listed companies for the balance sheet measure of accruals but not the cash flow approach. Whilst the accrual anomaly is significantly present in a growth-neutral-value construct, statistical significance is not established when growth and value shares are considered individually.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Lutchmun, Thashveen
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Earnings management -- South Africa , Accounting -- Standards
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:915 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017537
- Description: A key incentive for accounting research is to provide evidence on the usefulness of earnings in making economic decisions. Of particular interest over the last two decades is the issue of the quality of financial reporting, specifically the quality of earnings, given the number of global financial scandals reported during that period. The quality of earnings is driven by the choices, estimates and judgments that the accounting standards make available to managers in order to portray the firm’s economic position and performance in a timely and credible manner. However, this leeway in financial reporting also creates opportunities for earnings management. The objective of this thesis is firstly to establish whether earnings manipulation has had the ability to predict cross-sectional returns in South Africa during the 2007-2014 period. In other words, the purpose of this thesis is to find evidence whether the market reacts to earnings management practices, as measured by accruals, and rewards high earnings quality companies with higher equity returns (a process known as the accrual anomaly). The timeframe selected for the research encompasses the global financial crisis, a period in which accounting manipulation incentives are likely to be strong. Secondly, this study attempts to establish the presence of the accrual anomaly amongst growth and value firms. The motivations for earnings management of the former are expected to be strong. Securities are allocated to portfolios according to accruals and the subsequent equity returns are analysed cross-sectionally to establish the existence of the accrual anomaly and hence assessing the usefulness of earnings manipulation in predicting equity returns. To provide evidence for the presence of the accrual anomaly amongst growth and value shares, securities are independently allocated to portfolios according to their book-to-market ratio and accruals and a cross-sectional analysis is performed on their subsequent equity returns. In order to increase the robustness of the tests, two measures of accruals are used: a balance sheet approach and a cash flow measure. Evidence is provided for the presence of the accrual anomaly among South African listed companies for the balance sheet measure of accruals but not the cash flow approach. Whilst the accrual anomaly is significantly present in a growth-neutral-value construct, statistical significance is not established when growth and value shares are considered individually.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Critical reflective teaching practice in three mathematics teachers
- Authors: Luwango, Luiya
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Education (Secondary) -- Namibia Mathematics teachers -- Training of - -Namibia Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1485 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003366
- Description: This qualitative study reports on critical reflective teaching by three mathematics teachers and how it shapes their classroom practice. The study was carried out in three secondary schools in Rundu in northern Namibia. The study employed a case study method. The selection of teachers was based on their rich practical professional knowledge and exemplary teaching practices. Data collection and analysis was done through an interpretive approach. Interviews and document analyses were the two research tools used, not only for the collection of data but for triangulation also. Interpretations of the findings were validated through member checking. Critical reflective teaching involves thought and action, and it raises teachers’ consciousness of what they do. Through critical reflective practice, teachers scrutinize their beliefs and knowledge of the subject and their practice. Furthermore critical reflective practice may get teachers into a disposition to find alternatives to improve their teaching. In this study, the findings are that participants reflect extensively on their classroom practice. The teachers pointed out that reflection on practice enables them to analyse and evaluate their teaching in line with effective mathematics teaching. They emphasised that critical reflection leads to the identification of weaknesses in teachers’ classroom practice. This culminates in better planning whereby alternative approaches to teaching are exercised. Because of its potential to improve teaching and enhance professional development it is therefore recommended that mathematics teachers be exposed to skills that enhance critical reflective teaching practice. Teachers need to familiarise themselves with the concept of critical reflective teaching in mathematics to meet the demands of superior quality teaching.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Luwango, Luiya
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Education (Secondary) -- Namibia Mathematics teachers -- Training of - -Namibia Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1485 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003366
- Description: This qualitative study reports on critical reflective teaching by three mathematics teachers and how it shapes their classroom practice. The study was carried out in three secondary schools in Rundu in northern Namibia. The study employed a case study method. The selection of teachers was based on their rich practical professional knowledge and exemplary teaching practices. Data collection and analysis was done through an interpretive approach. Interviews and document analyses were the two research tools used, not only for the collection of data but for triangulation also. Interpretations of the findings were validated through member checking. Critical reflective teaching involves thought and action, and it raises teachers’ consciousness of what they do. Through critical reflective practice, teachers scrutinize their beliefs and knowledge of the subject and their practice. Furthermore critical reflective practice may get teachers into a disposition to find alternatives to improve their teaching. In this study, the findings are that participants reflect extensively on their classroom practice. The teachers pointed out that reflection on practice enables them to analyse and evaluate their teaching in line with effective mathematics teaching. They emphasised that critical reflection leads to the identification of weaknesses in teachers’ classroom practice. This culminates in better planning whereby alternative approaches to teaching are exercised. Because of its potential to improve teaching and enhance professional development it is therefore recommended that mathematics teachers be exposed to skills that enhance critical reflective teaching practice. Teachers need to familiarise themselves with the concept of critical reflective teaching in mathematics to meet the demands of superior quality teaching.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The role of the guidance teacher in preparing young people for personal and social life in Gazankulu
- Authors: Machimana, Albert
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Counselling , Guidance , Life skills , Secondary education , Self concept , Gazankulu
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1381 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001447
- Description: In the modernising South African society, young people are faced with personal and social problems which make it very difficult for them to adjust positively to life in general. In the end they are frustrated in many situations in life because of their inability to cope with these problems. One of the major problems that the Blacks in South Africa are faced with is that of a poor self-concept. This is a major problem because any adjustment and behaviour in life is, to a large extent, influenced by the self-concept of the individual. This thesis aims at focusing attention on those social issues which play a major role in the development of the self-concept and the lives in general, of Black people in Gazankulu. It is also concerned with the role of the guidance teacher in preparing young people for a more satisfying life (Introduction, p. 1)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
The role of the guidance teacher in preparing young people for personal and social life in Gazankulu
- Authors: Machimana, Albert
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Counselling , Guidance , Life skills , Secondary education , Self concept , Gazankulu
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1381 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001447
- Description: In the modernising South African society, young people are faced with personal and social problems which make it very difficult for them to adjust positively to life in general. In the end they are frustrated in many situations in life because of their inability to cope with these problems. One of the major problems that the Blacks in South Africa are faced with is that of a poor self-concept. This is a major problem because any adjustment and behaviour in life is, to a large extent, influenced by the self-concept of the individual. This thesis aims at focusing attention on those social issues which play a major role in the development of the self-concept and the lives in general, of Black people in Gazankulu. It is also concerned with the role of the guidance teacher in preparing young people for a more satisfying life (Introduction, p. 1)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
The effects of liberalisation and regulation of cellphone companies from 2007 - 2018: a study of Buffalo city municipality
- Malobola, Nomvuyo Ursula Vuyokazi
- Authors: Malobola, Nomvuyo Ursula Vuyokazi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc (Communications)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18153 , vital:42237
- Description: This study focuses on the effects of liberalisation and regulation of the telecommunications sector in South Africa. A qualitative research method was adopted and the researcher conducted focus group interviews with participants that were purposely selected to collect data from different suburbs around the Buffalo City Metropolitan area in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The areas were Mdantsane, Selborne and Southernwood, which have large populations and obviously enjoy high cell phone usage. In addition, an in-depth interview was conducted with an official of the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA), which is the monitoring body for telecommunications in South Africa. The findings of this study have shown that despite the airtime and data being expensive, the telecoms sector is critical to the people of South Africa, and the failure by the government to regulate and liberalise the telecoms sector has led to expensive cell phone charges on the public. As such, it can be noted that the majority of the urban poor, especially in the Buffalo City Metropolitan, endure expensive charges. More so, the study found that there has been frustrating slow progress of transformation of the telecommunications industry and associated key national policy objectives. In addition, the study also recognises that as a member of WTO South Africa had to adopt policies of globalisation or risk isolation should it operate outside it. In addition, this study revealed that in spite of the challenges that are related to regulation and liberalisation, progress can still be made in reducing price hikes, especially when strategic investments are made in the telecommunication sector in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Malobola, Nomvuyo Ursula Vuyokazi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc (Communications)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18153 , vital:42237
- Description: This study focuses on the effects of liberalisation and regulation of the telecommunications sector in South Africa. A qualitative research method was adopted and the researcher conducted focus group interviews with participants that were purposely selected to collect data from different suburbs around the Buffalo City Metropolitan area in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The areas were Mdantsane, Selborne and Southernwood, which have large populations and obviously enjoy high cell phone usage. In addition, an in-depth interview was conducted with an official of the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA), which is the monitoring body for telecommunications in South Africa. The findings of this study have shown that despite the airtime and data being expensive, the telecoms sector is critical to the people of South Africa, and the failure by the government to regulate and liberalise the telecoms sector has led to expensive cell phone charges on the public. As such, it can be noted that the majority of the urban poor, especially in the Buffalo City Metropolitan, endure expensive charges. More so, the study found that there has been frustrating slow progress of transformation of the telecommunications industry and associated key national policy objectives. In addition, the study also recognises that as a member of WTO South Africa had to adopt policies of globalisation or risk isolation should it operate outside it. In addition, this study revealed that in spite of the challenges that are related to regulation and liberalisation, progress can still be made in reducing price hikes, especially when strategic investments are made in the telecommunication sector in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An assessment of the budgeting system in the Eastern Cape Department of Health to ensure effective and efficient health care service delivery
- Authors: Mangwanya, Maonei Gladys
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Health services administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Government spending policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Health facilities -- Finance , Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2061 , vital:27603
- Description: The National Department of Health is the executive department of the South African government which is assigned to the national health issues of the country. This research was however aimed specifically on the budgeting process within the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health. This was provisioned by assessing the significance of the budgeting system and its correlation to efficient and effective healthcare service delivery. The aim of the research was to highlight on how policies have an effect on the budgeting system at the provincial level, considering the provincial health department is responsible for the provision of publicly funded health services. This research assessed the budgeting system in the Eastern Cape Department of Health in an attempt to propagate effective and efficient health service delivery for the general citizenry. This was a qualitative study design which harnessed the merits of secondary data as the main code of the research design which enabled the comprehension of the budgeting system in the Eastern Cape Department of Health. Data was analysed using thematic analysis to examine the distinctive themes and sub-themes identified from within the reviewed literature. The Eastern Cape Province is succumbing to insufficient funding at provincial level and this has a clear-cut reflection on the administration of services within respective departments, particularly the Health Department. This is despite the fact that the Public Finance Management Act, 1999 promotes the objectives of good financial management aimed at maximizing service delivery through the effective use of the limited resources. Resultantly it was fundamental to comprehend on the issues underpinning the scope of budget reporting as well as budget accountability and the effect it has on service delivery in the Eastern Cape Department of Health. Recommendations were thus given based on the discussed and derived themes to ensure that there is an appropriate budgeting system to ensure efficient and effective provision of health care services in the Eastern Cape Department of Health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mangwanya, Maonei Gladys
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Health services administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Government spending policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Health facilities -- Finance , Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2061 , vital:27603
- Description: The National Department of Health is the executive department of the South African government which is assigned to the national health issues of the country. This research was however aimed specifically on the budgeting process within the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health. This was provisioned by assessing the significance of the budgeting system and its correlation to efficient and effective healthcare service delivery. The aim of the research was to highlight on how policies have an effect on the budgeting system at the provincial level, considering the provincial health department is responsible for the provision of publicly funded health services. This research assessed the budgeting system in the Eastern Cape Department of Health in an attempt to propagate effective and efficient health service delivery for the general citizenry. This was a qualitative study design which harnessed the merits of secondary data as the main code of the research design which enabled the comprehension of the budgeting system in the Eastern Cape Department of Health. Data was analysed using thematic analysis to examine the distinctive themes and sub-themes identified from within the reviewed literature. The Eastern Cape Province is succumbing to insufficient funding at provincial level and this has a clear-cut reflection on the administration of services within respective departments, particularly the Health Department. This is despite the fact that the Public Finance Management Act, 1999 promotes the objectives of good financial management aimed at maximizing service delivery through the effective use of the limited resources. Resultantly it was fundamental to comprehend on the issues underpinning the scope of budget reporting as well as budget accountability and the effect it has on service delivery in the Eastern Cape Department of Health. Recommendations were thus given based on the discussed and derived themes to ensure that there is an appropriate budgeting system to ensure efficient and effective provision of health care services in the Eastern Cape Department of Health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Stem cutting propagation protocol for rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens)
- Authors: Matafeni, Ntombekhaya
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Plant propagation Pelargoniums Plant cuttings
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9832 , vital:35060
- Description: Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), is a high value essential oil plant that is used in the perfumery, cosmetic, aromatherapy and food flavouring industries. The increasing demand for this plant, due to its economic importance necessitates the development of an efficient propagation protocol for quality seedling and its maximum production. The present study therefore, sought to develop effective stem cutting propagation protocol which could facilitate multiplication of rose-scented geranium stem cuttings. Three separate experiments were undertaken to determine factors influencing effective propagation of rose-scented geranium. These factors were: rooting media, rooting hormone, cutting length and wound healing period on rooting and development of rose-scented geranium stem cuttings. The cuttings were assessed based on root number, length and fresh mass, plant height, leaf number, and stem circumference. In terms of root measurements, the growing media were washed out from the root system of plantlets, their roots were separated from stem before data was recorded which comprised of root number, length and root fresh mass. Root holding ability (RHA) on rooting medium was determined by visual observation and rated on a 1-5 scale where 1 = very loose, not acceptable; 2 = loose, not acceptable; 3 = medium, marginally acceptable; 4 = tight, acceptable; 5 = very tight, acceptable. The experiments were carried out at Essential Amatole Nursery, at the University of Fort Hare Research Farm, Alice Campus (located at 320 47ʹ3ʺS, 260 50ʹ43ʺ E, with an altitude of 519 m.a.s.l). All the experiments were carried out under mist conditions on bottom-heated beds in a greenhouse (with polycarbonate roofing of about 40percent shading effect) for the first three weeks after sticking the cuttings to the growing medium to facilitate root induction in relatively high temperature and relative humidity. Thereafter, the plantlets were grown in a shade house with 70percent light penetration until the termination of the experiment. To optimize the technology for the propagation of this plant the present experiment was designed with the objective to determine the efficient growing medium and proper rooting hormone for successful rooting and development of quality seedlings of rose-scented geranium. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized design (CRD) and was replicated three times with two factors 7×4, seven different growing media i.e. (1) Mixture growing medium which serves as control (pine bark 8 bags + sand 2 bags + lime 4kg + coconut 10 blocks + talborne 6.25 kg + bone meal 2 kg); (2) River sand only; (3) Pine bark; (4) Hygrotex (commercial rooting media); (5) Pine bark + river sand ( at1:1 ratio on volume basis); (6) Pine bark + hygrotex (at 1:1, ratio on volume basis), and; (7) Pine bark + river sand + hygrotex ( at 1:1:1 ratio on volume basis) and four different IBA hormone levels (auxins, types of IBA) applied as treatment were (1) Dynaroot (1 – 1g/kg), (2) Dynaroot (2- 3g/kg), (3) Dynaroot (3-8g/kg) and (4) Control (untreated with hormone). Hygrotex was identified as the best growth media for quicker regeneration giving the highest root number, length and fresh mass. While, hygrotex + pine bark (v/v 1:1) was efficient in producing more leaves, stem circumference and other aerial parameters. Dynaroot 3 was identified as the best rooting enhancer with maximum root number, length, fresh weight and plant height. Both Dynaroot 3 and Dynaroot 2 did not have major differences on giving highest leaf number. Control (untreated with hormone) was consistent in giving the greatest stem circumference than any other treatment. To maximize stem circumference, a combination of control (untreated with hormone) and hygrotex + pine bark (v/v 1:1) was identified as the best treatment. Based on the investigation for maximum production and quality seedlings of rose-scented geranium, hygrotex and Dynaroot 3 were identified as the best combination for successful rooting. The ideal cutting stem length, rooting hormone and growing medium for quality seedlings of rose-scented geranium were also investigated. The experimental lay out was in randomized complete design (RCD) with a 4 × 4 × 2 factorial treatment combination. Treatments used were, four different cutting lengths viz. 10, 12, 14 and 16 cm long; four different concentrations of IBA rooting hormone (Dynaroot 1, 2, 3 (powder form) and distilled water (control) and two types of growing medium (hygrotex and hygrotex + pine bark v/v 1:1) were used. Stem cuttings of 14 and 16 cm length gave the highest root number of 34, 38 and 35.13, and root length of 3.40 and 3.51cm respectively, with no significance. Cutting length of 10 cm favoured stem circumference (3.1 cm) as compared to other treatments. Whereas, cuttings treated with Dynaroot 3 showed a better root number (33.46 roots), root length (3.54 cm), root fresh mass (0.59 mg), leaf number of (11.08) as well as highest root holding ability (5). However, they showed no significance difference with Dynaroot 2 treated cuttings. In addition, cuttings treated with Control favoured shoot number (3.79) and stem circumference (3.05). Visually, hygrotex was observed to be better substrate though it was not significantly different from hygrotex + pine bark (1:1 v/v) on propagation of rose-scented geranium stem cuttings. Therefore, it is recommended that rose-scented geranium should be propagated through the combination of 14 cm cuttings length and treated with Dynaroot 2 IBA rooting hormone. Both hygrotex and hygrotex + pine bark (1:1 v/v) are the best growing media for root formation and growth of rose-scented geranium, though hygrotex alone is more economical. Wound healing period (WHP) of stem cutting was evaluated using 4 × 4 factorial, cuttings were separated into four groups during the healing duration (intervals of 24 hrs: days 0, 1, 2 and 3). These four groups were further subdivided into four subgroups of rooting hormone viz. Dynaroot 1, 2, 3 of indole-3-butyric acid and control (water). Experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results obtained from the study revealed that rose-scented geranium rooted easily when planted on Day 2 of the wound healing period such that root holding ability was at its highest. While, Day 0 cuttings showed good response for stem circumference and shoot number. The study recommends that rose-scented geranium be propagated using cuttings that have enough time to heal the wound that is, Day 2 cuttings. Dynaroot 3 (IBA hormone concentration) showed good response to rooting and other arial parameters except for stem circumference which was favoured by application of control. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that propagation of rose-scented geranium requires a wound healing period of about three days in room temperature and application of IBA hormone before sucking cuttings in growing medium. Instead, of Dynaroot 3 or 2, Dynaroot 1 can also be used because, it is less economical and they all have a similar effect on cuttings that have been healing for three days.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Matafeni, Ntombekhaya
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Plant propagation Pelargoniums Plant cuttings
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9832 , vital:35060
- Description: Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), is a high value essential oil plant that is used in the perfumery, cosmetic, aromatherapy and food flavouring industries. The increasing demand for this plant, due to its economic importance necessitates the development of an efficient propagation protocol for quality seedling and its maximum production. The present study therefore, sought to develop effective stem cutting propagation protocol which could facilitate multiplication of rose-scented geranium stem cuttings. Three separate experiments were undertaken to determine factors influencing effective propagation of rose-scented geranium. These factors were: rooting media, rooting hormone, cutting length and wound healing period on rooting and development of rose-scented geranium stem cuttings. The cuttings were assessed based on root number, length and fresh mass, plant height, leaf number, and stem circumference. In terms of root measurements, the growing media were washed out from the root system of plantlets, their roots were separated from stem before data was recorded which comprised of root number, length and root fresh mass. Root holding ability (RHA) on rooting medium was determined by visual observation and rated on a 1-5 scale where 1 = very loose, not acceptable; 2 = loose, not acceptable; 3 = medium, marginally acceptable; 4 = tight, acceptable; 5 = very tight, acceptable. The experiments were carried out at Essential Amatole Nursery, at the University of Fort Hare Research Farm, Alice Campus (located at 320 47ʹ3ʺS, 260 50ʹ43ʺ E, with an altitude of 519 m.a.s.l). All the experiments were carried out under mist conditions on bottom-heated beds in a greenhouse (with polycarbonate roofing of about 40percent shading effect) for the first three weeks after sticking the cuttings to the growing medium to facilitate root induction in relatively high temperature and relative humidity. Thereafter, the plantlets were grown in a shade house with 70percent light penetration until the termination of the experiment. To optimize the technology for the propagation of this plant the present experiment was designed with the objective to determine the efficient growing medium and proper rooting hormone for successful rooting and development of quality seedlings of rose-scented geranium. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized design (CRD) and was replicated three times with two factors 7×4, seven different growing media i.e. (1) Mixture growing medium which serves as control (pine bark 8 bags + sand 2 bags + lime 4kg + coconut 10 blocks + talborne 6.25 kg + bone meal 2 kg); (2) River sand only; (3) Pine bark; (4) Hygrotex (commercial rooting media); (5) Pine bark + river sand ( at1:1 ratio on volume basis); (6) Pine bark + hygrotex (at 1:1, ratio on volume basis), and; (7) Pine bark + river sand + hygrotex ( at 1:1:1 ratio on volume basis) and four different IBA hormone levels (auxins, types of IBA) applied as treatment were (1) Dynaroot (1 – 1g/kg), (2) Dynaroot (2- 3g/kg), (3) Dynaroot (3-8g/kg) and (4) Control (untreated with hormone). Hygrotex was identified as the best growth media for quicker regeneration giving the highest root number, length and fresh mass. While, hygrotex + pine bark (v/v 1:1) was efficient in producing more leaves, stem circumference and other aerial parameters. Dynaroot 3 was identified as the best rooting enhancer with maximum root number, length, fresh weight and plant height. Both Dynaroot 3 and Dynaroot 2 did not have major differences on giving highest leaf number. Control (untreated with hormone) was consistent in giving the greatest stem circumference than any other treatment. To maximize stem circumference, a combination of control (untreated with hormone) and hygrotex + pine bark (v/v 1:1) was identified as the best treatment. Based on the investigation for maximum production and quality seedlings of rose-scented geranium, hygrotex and Dynaroot 3 were identified as the best combination for successful rooting. The ideal cutting stem length, rooting hormone and growing medium for quality seedlings of rose-scented geranium were also investigated. The experimental lay out was in randomized complete design (RCD) with a 4 × 4 × 2 factorial treatment combination. Treatments used were, four different cutting lengths viz. 10, 12, 14 and 16 cm long; four different concentrations of IBA rooting hormone (Dynaroot 1, 2, 3 (powder form) and distilled water (control) and two types of growing medium (hygrotex and hygrotex + pine bark v/v 1:1) were used. Stem cuttings of 14 and 16 cm length gave the highest root number of 34, 38 and 35.13, and root length of 3.40 and 3.51cm respectively, with no significance. Cutting length of 10 cm favoured stem circumference (3.1 cm) as compared to other treatments. Whereas, cuttings treated with Dynaroot 3 showed a better root number (33.46 roots), root length (3.54 cm), root fresh mass (0.59 mg), leaf number of (11.08) as well as highest root holding ability (5). However, they showed no significance difference with Dynaroot 2 treated cuttings. In addition, cuttings treated with Control favoured shoot number (3.79) and stem circumference (3.05). Visually, hygrotex was observed to be better substrate though it was not significantly different from hygrotex + pine bark (1:1 v/v) on propagation of rose-scented geranium stem cuttings. Therefore, it is recommended that rose-scented geranium should be propagated through the combination of 14 cm cuttings length and treated with Dynaroot 2 IBA rooting hormone. Both hygrotex and hygrotex + pine bark (1:1 v/v) are the best growing media for root formation and growth of rose-scented geranium, though hygrotex alone is more economical. Wound healing period (WHP) of stem cutting was evaluated using 4 × 4 factorial, cuttings were separated into four groups during the healing duration (intervals of 24 hrs: days 0, 1, 2 and 3). These four groups were further subdivided into four subgroups of rooting hormone viz. Dynaroot 1, 2, 3 of indole-3-butyric acid and control (water). Experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results obtained from the study revealed that rose-scented geranium rooted easily when planted on Day 2 of the wound healing period such that root holding ability was at its highest. While, Day 0 cuttings showed good response for stem circumference and shoot number. The study recommends that rose-scented geranium be propagated using cuttings that have enough time to heal the wound that is, Day 2 cuttings. Dynaroot 3 (IBA hormone concentration) showed good response to rooting and other arial parameters except for stem circumference which was favoured by application of control. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that propagation of rose-scented geranium requires a wound healing period of about three days in room temperature and application of IBA hormone before sucking cuttings in growing medium. Instead, of Dynaroot 3 or 2, Dynaroot 1 can also be used because, it is less economical and they all have a similar effect on cuttings that have been healing for three days.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Genetic and biological characterisation of a novel South African Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-SA) isolate
- Motsoeneng, Boitumelo Madika
- Authors: Motsoeneng, Boitumelo Madika
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:20503 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021266
- Description: The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the primary pest of pome fruit cultivated worldwide. The control of this insect pest has been dependent on the frequent use of broad-spectrum chemical pesticides, which has led to the development of resistance in pest populations and negative effects on human health and the environment. The Betabaculovirus of C. pomonella has successfully been applied as a biological control agent in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes for the suppression of pest populations worldwide. Previously, all Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) biopesticides were based on a Mexican isolate (CpGV-M) and although these products are highly efficient at controlling C. pomonella, resistance cases have been reported across Europe. The identification of novel CpGV isolates as additional or alternative control agents to manage resistance is therefore necessary. This study aimed to genetically and biologically characterise a novel South African C. pomonella granulovirus isolate and to test its virulence against neonate larvae. Based on the morphology of the occlusion bodies observed using transmission electron microscopy, granuloviruses were recovered from diseased and dead larvae collected from an orchard in South Africa where no virus applications had been made. DNA was extracted and the identification of the isolated granulovirus was achieved through the PCR amplification and sequencing of the lef-8, lef-9, granulin and egt genes. Submission of the gene sequences to BLAST revealed high percentage identities to sequences from various CpGV isolates, resulting in the naming of the isolate in this study as the South African Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-SA) isolate. Phylogenetic analysis based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in the lef-8, lef-9 and granulin nucleotide sequences grouped the South African isolate with CpGV-E2 (genome type B) and CpGV-S (genome type E). The CpGV-SA isolate was further genetically characterised by restriction endonuclease analysis and complete sequencing of the genomic DNA. Differences were observed for the BamHI, EcoRI, PstI and XhoI profiles of CpGV-SA in comparison to the respective profiles generated for CpGV-M extracted from a biopesticide, Carpovirusine® (Arysta Lifescience, France). Several genetic variations between the complete genome sequence of CpGV-SA and the reference isolate, CpGV-M1, as well as a recent genome submission of CpGV-M, both representing genome type A were observed. The complete genome analysis confirmed that CpGV-SA is genetically different from the Mexican CpGV isolate, used in thedevelopment of most biopesticides. In silico restriction profiles of the genome sequence obtained for CpGV-SA and genome sequences of genetically different CpGV isolates originating from Mexico (M1 and M), England (E2), Canada (S) and Iran (I12 and I07), available on the NCBI’s GenBank database confirmed that CpGV-SA is of mixed genotypes. Furthermore, the South African isolate shared the single common difference found in the pe38 gene of resistance overcoming isolates, which was the absence of an internal 24 nucleotide repeat present in CpGV-M1. In addition to the common difference, SNPs detected in the pe38 gene grouped the isolate with the CpGV-S isolate, suggesting that the CpGV-SA isolate is predominantly of genome type E. To determine the biological activity of CpGV-SA against neonate C. pomonella larvae, surface bioassays were conducted alongside CpGV-M (Carpovirusine®) bioassays. The LC50 and LC90 values for the South African isolate were 1.6 × 103 and 1.2 × 105 OBs/ml respectively. The LT50 was determined to be 135 hours. These values were similar to the values obtained for CpGV-M (Carpovirusine®). The results in this study suggest that a novel South African CpGV isolate of mixed genotypes, potentially able to overcome resistance in C. pomonella, with biological activity similar to CpGV-M (Carpovirusine®) and important for the control of C. pomonella was recovered. The CpGV-SA isolate could therefore potentially be developed into a biopesticide for use in resistance management strategies against C. pomonella populations in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Motsoeneng, Boitumelo Madika
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:20503 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021266
- Description: The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the primary pest of pome fruit cultivated worldwide. The control of this insect pest has been dependent on the frequent use of broad-spectrum chemical pesticides, which has led to the development of resistance in pest populations and negative effects on human health and the environment. The Betabaculovirus of C. pomonella has successfully been applied as a biological control agent in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes for the suppression of pest populations worldwide. Previously, all Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) biopesticides were based on a Mexican isolate (CpGV-M) and although these products are highly efficient at controlling C. pomonella, resistance cases have been reported across Europe. The identification of novel CpGV isolates as additional or alternative control agents to manage resistance is therefore necessary. This study aimed to genetically and biologically characterise a novel South African C. pomonella granulovirus isolate and to test its virulence against neonate larvae. Based on the morphology of the occlusion bodies observed using transmission electron microscopy, granuloviruses were recovered from diseased and dead larvae collected from an orchard in South Africa where no virus applications had been made. DNA was extracted and the identification of the isolated granulovirus was achieved through the PCR amplification and sequencing of the lef-8, lef-9, granulin and egt genes. Submission of the gene sequences to BLAST revealed high percentage identities to sequences from various CpGV isolates, resulting in the naming of the isolate in this study as the South African Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-SA) isolate. Phylogenetic analysis based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in the lef-8, lef-9 and granulin nucleotide sequences grouped the South African isolate with CpGV-E2 (genome type B) and CpGV-S (genome type E). The CpGV-SA isolate was further genetically characterised by restriction endonuclease analysis and complete sequencing of the genomic DNA. Differences were observed for the BamHI, EcoRI, PstI and XhoI profiles of CpGV-SA in comparison to the respective profiles generated for CpGV-M extracted from a biopesticide, Carpovirusine® (Arysta Lifescience, France). Several genetic variations between the complete genome sequence of CpGV-SA and the reference isolate, CpGV-M1, as well as a recent genome submission of CpGV-M, both representing genome type A were observed. The complete genome analysis confirmed that CpGV-SA is genetically different from the Mexican CpGV isolate, used in thedevelopment of most biopesticides. In silico restriction profiles of the genome sequence obtained for CpGV-SA and genome sequences of genetically different CpGV isolates originating from Mexico (M1 and M), England (E2), Canada (S) and Iran (I12 and I07), available on the NCBI’s GenBank database confirmed that CpGV-SA is of mixed genotypes. Furthermore, the South African isolate shared the single common difference found in the pe38 gene of resistance overcoming isolates, which was the absence of an internal 24 nucleotide repeat present in CpGV-M1. In addition to the common difference, SNPs detected in the pe38 gene grouped the isolate with the CpGV-S isolate, suggesting that the CpGV-SA isolate is predominantly of genome type E. To determine the biological activity of CpGV-SA against neonate C. pomonella larvae, surface bioassays were conducted alongside CpGV-M (Carpovirusine®) bioassays. The LC50 and LC90 values for the South African isolate were 1.6 × 103 and 1.2 × 105 OBs/ml respectively. The LT50 was determined to be 135 hours. These values were similar to the values obtained for CpGV-M (Carpovirusine®). The results in this study suggest that a novel South African CpGV isolate of mixed genotypes, potentially able to overcome resistance in C. pomonella, with biological activity similar to CpGV-M (Carpovirusine®) and important for the control of C. pomonella was recovered. The CpGV-SA isolate could therefore potentially be developed into a biopesticide for use in resistance management strategies against C. pomonella populations in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An exploration of the social worker's role in promoting sustainability of poverty alleviating projects
- Ndude, Peace-Maker Mqokeleli
- Authors: Ndude, Peace-Maker Mqokeleli
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa , Poor -- Services for -- South Africa , Social service -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:6058 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006664 , Poverty -- South Africa , Poor -- Services for -- South Africa , Social service -- South Africa
- Description: In this research study the researcher attempted to gain an insight on what constitutes sustainability of poverty alleviating projects. Further, the researcher attempted to explore and gain understanding of the role of social worker in promoting sustainability of poverty alleviating projects. Since the literature on sustainability is limited, it is hoped that this study will provide valuable information for further research on the topic. In the limited literature study undertaken however, it was evident that despite the generic service that they provide, social workers have a role to play in community development. It was found that social workers can no longer afford to restrict their service provision to the traditional methods of social work. The egalitarian nature of their profession demands that they occupy the centre stage in poverty alleviation as they are strategically placed between the poor and the decision-makers in government. Eighteen respondents composed of six social workers, six committee members and six community members from six poverty alleviating projects were interviewed. One project from each of the six districts of Tsomo, Nqamakwe, Butterworth, Centane, Idutywa and Willowvale were used in the research study. The fmdings suggested that social workers, committee members and community members have differing opinions on what promotes or impedes sustainability of poverty alleviating projects, All respondents however agreed that participation as well as empowerment through training were basic requirements towards sustainability of poverty alleviating projects. Again the findings agreed with the literature that social workers have an important role to play in promoting sustainability of poverty alleviating projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Ndude, Peace-Maker Mqokeleli
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa , Poor -- Services for -- South Africa , Social service -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:6058 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006664 , Poverty -- South Africa , Poor -- Services for -- South Africa , Social service -- South Africa
- Description: In this research study the researcher attempted to gain an insight on what constitutes sustainability of poverty alleviating projects. Further, the researcher attempted to explore and gain understanding of the role of social worker in promoting sustainability of poverty alleviating projects. Since the literature on sustainability is limited, it is hoped that this study will provide valuable information for further research on the topic. In the limited literature study undertaken however, it was evident that despite the generic service that they provide, social workers have a role to play in community development. It was found that social workers can no longer afford to restrict their service provision to the traditional methods of social work. The egalitarian nature of their profession demands that they occupy the centre stage in poverty alleviation as they are strategically placed between the poor and the decision-makers in government. Eighteen respondents composed of six social workers, six committee members and six community members from six poverty alleviating projects were interviewed. One project from each of the six districts of Tsomo, Nqamakwe, Butterworth, Centane, Idutywa and Willowvale were used in the research study. The fmdings suggested that social workers, committee members and community members have differing opinions on what promotes or impedes sustainability of poverty alleviating projects, All respondents however agreed that participation as well as empowerment through training were basic requirements towards sustainability of poverty alleviating projects. Again the findings agreed with the literature that social workers have an important role to play in promoting sustainability of poverty alleviating projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
A study on the application technology of the sterile insect technique, with focus on false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of citrus in South Africa
- Authors: Nepgen, Eugene Stephan
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- Control -- South Africa , Insect pests -- Control -- South Africa , Insect sterilization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5879 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013199
- Description: False codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is considered the most important indigenous pest of citrus in southern Africa. Major concerns such as progressive insecticidal resistance, the negative impact of insecticides on the environment, as well as the influence of consumers opposed to chemical residues on fruit, created opportunities for biological control methods such as Sterile Insect Technology (SIT). This technology is now established in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa as an effective, sustainable alternative to conventional FCM control methods. Due to the prevalence of the pest in all citrus producing areas of South Africa, potential for SIT to expand is enormous. Success of an SIT programme is highly dependent on efficient application of the technology to achieve its objectives in a timeous manner. The aim of this study was to advance the application of SIT for control of FCM on citrus in South Africa, by investigating the effect of certain critical stages in the process. The effect of long-distance transportation on fitness of irradiated FCM was determined, showing reduced performance with cold-immobilized transport. A significant decrease in flight ability and longevity of irradiated FCM was found, although critically, realized fecundity was not affected. The effect of two different insecticides in the pyrethroid and organophosphate chemical groups were investigated for their residual effect on mortality of released irradiated FCM, to determine if these pest control programmes could be integrated. Both chlorpyrifos and tau-fluvalinate were effective in killing irradiated FCM for a number of days after application, after which degradation of the active ingredient rendered it harmless. This effect was found to be similar for irradiated and non-irradiated males, consequently ratios of sterile : wild male FCM should be retained regardless of whether sprays are applied or not. The modes for release of sterile FCM in an SIT programme were investigated. Efficacy of ground and aerial release platforms were tested by evaluating the recovery of released irradiated male FCM in these orchards. More irradiated FCM were recovered in orchards released from the ground compared to air. However, an economic analysis of both methods shows application of irradiated insects over a large geographical area is more cost-effective by air. Depending on the terrain and size of the target area, a combination of both methods is ideal for application of SIT for control of FCM in citrus. Development of application technology for advance of the programme is discussed and recommendations for future research and development are offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Nepgen, Eugene Stephan
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- Control -- South Africa , Insect pests -- Control -- South Africa , Insect sterilization
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5879 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013199
- Description: False codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is considered the most important indigenous pest of citrus in southern Africa. Major concerns such as progressive insecticidal resistance, the negative impact of insecticides on the environment, as well as the influence of consumers opposed to chemical residues on fruit, created opportunities for biological control methods such as Sterile Insect Technology (SIT). This technology is now established in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa as an effective, sustainable alternative to conventional FCM control methods. Due to the prevalence of the pest in all citrus producing areas of South Africa, potential for SIT to expand is enormous. Success of an SIT programme is highly dependent on efficient application of the technology to achieve its objectives in a timeous manner. The aim of this study was to advance the application of SIT for control of FCM on citrus in South Africa, by investigating the effect of certain critical stages in the process. The effect of long-distance transportation on fitness of irradiated FCM was determined, showing reduced performance with cold-immobilized transport. A significant decrease in flight ability and longevity of irradiated FCM was found, although critically, realized fecundity was not affected. The effect of two different insecticides in the pyrethroid and organophosphate chemical groups were investigated for their residual effect on mortality of released irradiated FCM, to determine if these pest control programmes could be integrated. Both chlorpyrifos and tau-fluvalinate were effective in killing irradiated FCM for a number of days after application, after which degradation of the active ingredient rendered it harmless. This effect was found to be similar for irradiated and non-irradiated males, consequently ratios of sterile : wild male FCM should be retained regardless of whether sprays are applied or not. The modes for release of sterile FCM in an SIT programme were investigated. Efficacy of ground and aerial release platforms were tested by evaluating the recovery of released irradiated male FCM in these orchards. More irradiated FCM were recovered in orchards released from the ground compared to air. However, an economic analysis of both methods shows application of irradiated insects over a large geographical area is more cost-effective by air. Depending on the terrain and size of the target area, a combination of both methods is ideal for application of SIT for control of FCM in citrus. Development of application technology for advance of the programme is discussed and recommendations for future research and development are offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Stakeholders' perceptions of parents' involvement in the governance of a Namibian rural school
- Authors: Niitembu, Martha M
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: School management and organization -- Namibia Education -- Parent participation -- Namibia Education and state -- Namibia Rural schools -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1770 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003655
- Description: The issue of decentralisation has been one of the top priorities of the Namibian education system since independence in 1990. One of the decentralisation aims was to enhance parental involvement in education by establishing School Boards. However, School Boards and the role of parents in school management have been considered ineffective for several years which led to the promulgation of Education Act 16 of 2001 in which the roles of School Boards are strengthened and clarified. This study sought to investigate School Board members’ perceptions, understanding and experiences of parents’ involvement in school governance more specifically after the implementation of the Education Act of 2001 in 2003. This study is an interpretive case study of one combined rural school in the Ohangwena educational region of Namibia. This research employed three data collection techniques, namely semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis. The main findings of this study reveal that there is a lack of joint understanding and shared vision between educators and parents in the School Board. This problem underpins other more symptomatic problems, such as lack of accountability in the matter of school finances, differences in understanding the roles of School Board members and lack of parents’ motivation from the school management. The study further reveals the ineffectiveness and insufficiency of the training provided in the past. It highlights some of the challenges that hinder the effective involvement of parents in rural school governance, such as poor educational background among parents, poor knowledge of the English language and poor understanding of educational issues. However the findings also acknowledge parents’ participation and their full involvement in decision-making. The findings show that the new School Board elected in terms of the Education Act of 2001 has been more effective than previous School Boards and has reached a number of achievements such as being instrumental in solving disciplinary problems, purchasing school assets and renovating classrooms. Recommendations for practice and for further research are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Niitembu, Martha M
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: School management and organization -- Namibia Education -- Parent participation -- Namibia Education and state -- Namibia Rural schools -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1770 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003655
- Description: The issue of decentralisation has been one of the top priorities of the Namibian education system since independence in 1990. One of the decentralisation aims was to enhance parental involvement in education by establishing School Boards. However, School Boards and the role of parents in school management have been considered ineffective for several years which led to the promulgation of Education Act 16 of 2001 in which the roles of School Boards are strengthened and clarified. This study sought to investigate School Board members’ perceptions, understanding and experiences of parents’ involvement in school governance more specifically after the implementation of the Education Act of 2001 in 2003. This study is an interpretive case study of one combined rural school in the Ohangwena educational region of Namibia. This research employed three data collection techniques, namely semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis. The main findings of this study reveal that there is a lack of joint understanding and shared vision between educators and parents in the School Board. This problem underpins other more symptomatic problems, such as lack of accountability in the matter of school finances, differences in understanding the roles of School Board members and lack of parents’ motivation from the school management. The study further reveals the ineffectiveness and insufficiency of the training provided in the past. It highlights some of the challenges that hinder the effective involvement of parents in rural school governance, such as poor educational background among parents, poor knowledge of the English language and poor understanding of educational issues. However the findings also acknowledge parents’ participation and their full involvement in decision-making. The findings show that the new School Board elected in terms of the Education Act of 2001 has been more effective than previous School Boards and has reached a number of achievements such as being instrumental in solving disciplinary problems, purchasing school assets and renovating classrooms. Recommendations for practice and for further research are made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007