The role of local economic development funded projects in Stutterheim
- Authors: Hanisi, Knowell Mtutuzeli
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9339 , vital:26582
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the of a role of local economic development (LED) project in the rural town of Stutterheim, with reference to Mgwali Cultural Village and Abenzi Woodhouse project in town. The main objective was to gain understanding as to whether these LED projects have contributed to the positive change in the socio-economic conditions of rural people in the area. The study also sorts to ascertain and understand at challenges the projects face and the role played by various government departments, and private sector organisations in supporting the projects. In depth case study was used in the study involved various data collection instruments, tools like interviews, questionnaire and observations. Findings suggest that if LED projects are properly managed and supported, they can play a vital role in poverty alleviation in rural areas. They can provide employment and can definitely improve socio-economic conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Hanisi, Knowell Mtutuzeli
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9339 , vital:26582
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the of a role of local economic development (LED) project in the rural town of Stutterheim, with reference to Mgwali Cultural Village and Abenzi Woodhouse project in town. The main objective was to gain understanding as to whether these LED projects have contributed to the positive change in the socio-economic conditions of rural people in the area. The study also sorts to ascertain and understand at challenges the projects face and the role played by various government departments, and private sector organisations in supporting the projects. In depth case study was used in the study involved various data collection instruments, tools like interviews, questionnaire and observations. Findings suggest that if LED projects are properly managed and supported, they can play a vital role in poverty alleviation in rural areas. They can provide employment and can definitely improve socio-economic conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The lived experiences of HIV-positive women in poverty
- Msengana, Sweetlener Thobeka
- Authors: Msengana, Sweetlener Thobeka
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: HIV-positive women -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , HIV infections -- Psychological aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , HIV infections -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Poor -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Poverty -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Poverty -- Psychological aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Stigma (Social psychology) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3240 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013269
- Description: The focus of this study was on the experiences of a small sample of local women who are HIVpositive and are living in poverty. The researcher was interested in exploring the psychological and social experiences of these women using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. This research aimed at giving these women a voice to express their first-hand, personal accounts of living with HIV in poverty. Data was analysed for meaningful units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Six themes within the participants' experiences of living with HIV were determined, namely: (I) experiences of diagnosis, (2) disclosure experiences, (3) stigma, (4) ARV experiences, (5) experiences of social support and (6) poverty. This research found that after an HIV-positive diagnosis, most women experience a variety of emotional reactions. These reactions however seem to change overtime into positive acceptance of the HIV diagnosis. Most of the women in this study preferred to use partial disclosure than to fully disclose their HJV-positive status openly to families, friends and to their community. Reasons for not using full disclosure included fear of discrimination and stigma, which included a fear of being rejected or being blamed for their status and a fear of losing relationships. It was also evident from the findings that most of the women had experienced stigma directly and therefore partial disclosure was used as a coping mechanism to protect the self from further harm. It was also revealed that stigma not only has a negative impact on disclosure but also on social support and ARV experiences. Because ofHIV-related stigma, lack of social support was a struggle that almost all the women in this study had experienced. Lack of understandings about their medication also had a negative impact of the ARV experiences. Stigmas along with poverty are the major struggles that HIV -positive women have to deal with in their day to day living. The findings of this study reveal a need for further research in this experiential area as well as campaigns and education around issues such as stigma, medication, and emotional difficulties associated with HIV.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Msengana, Sweetlener Thobeka
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: HIV-positive women -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , HIV infections -- Psychological aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , HIV infections -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Poor -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Poverty -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Poverty -- Psychological aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Stigma (Social psychology) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3240 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013269
- Description: The focus of this study was on the experiences of a small sample of local women who are HIVpositive and are living in poverty. The researcher was interested in exploring the psychological and social experiences of these women using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. This research aimed at giving these women a voice to express their first-hand, personal accounts of living with HIV in poverty. Data was analysed for meaningful units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Six themes within the participants' experiences of living with HIV were determined, namely: (I) experiences of diagnosis, (2) disclosure experiences, (3) stigma, (4) ARV experiences, (5) experiences of social support and (6) poverty. This research found that after an HIV-positive diagnosis, most women experience a variety of emotional reactions. These reactions however seem to change overtime into positive acceptance of the HIV diagnosis. Most of the women in this study preferred to use partial disclosure than to fully disclose their HJV-positive status openly to families, friends and to their community. Reasons for not using full disclosure included fear of discrimination and stigma, which included a fear of being rejected or being blamed for their status and a fear of losing relationships. It was also evident from the findings that most of the women had experienced stigma directly and therefore partial disclosure was used as a coping mechanism to protect the self from further harm. It was also revealed that stigma not only has a negative impact on disclosure but also on social support and ARV experiences. Because ofHIV-related stigma, lack of social support was a struggle that almost all the women in this study had experienced. Lack of understandings about their medication also had a negative impact of the ARV experiences. Stigmas along with poverty are the major struggles that HIV -positive women have to deal with in their day to day living. The findings of this study reveal a need for further research in this experiential area as well as campaigns and education around issues such as stigma, medication, and emotional difficulties associated with HIV.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The indigenous I/Eye: transgressive performativities of blackness within the South African Visual Arts
- Authors: Maneli, Vuyolwethu Pola
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Art, Black -- South Africa , Art Criticism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46900 , vital:39729
- Description: South African Black visual artists have to contend with the racialized economic disparities of the country within which they are enmeshed. This make them susceptible to producing work with the sole motivation of not slipping (further) into poverty, which can greatly hinder our creative autonomy. We are further constrained by the fact that visual arts institutions, whose role it is to decide and regulate what constitutes legitimate art, still operate in accordance with whiteness and a white supremacist logic. The combination of these two factors can lead to the interpellation and artistic production of a Black subjectivity that predominantly caters to – and understands itself in relation to - whiteness. This process of subjectivation, which is performative, can - and regularly does - materialize in various ways through our studio practice. However, with the intervention of critical theory (and the application of strategies of resistance to hegemony that it can provide), interrogative self-reflexivity, and a singular perspective, it is possible to create work that disrupts and transgresses these norms, ultimately contesting the prevalent notion of Black identity as a homogenous experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Maneli, Vuyolwethu Pola
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Art, Black -- South Africa , Art Criticism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46900 , vital:39729
- Description: South African Black visual artists have to contend with the racialized economic disparities of the country within which they are enmeshed. This make them susceptible to producing work with the sole motivation of not slipping (further) into poverty, which can greatly hinder our creative autonomy. We are further constrained by the fact that visual arts institutions, whose role it is to decide and regulate what constitutes legitimate art, still operate in accordance with whiteness and a white supremacist logic. The combination of these two factors can lead to the interpellation and artistic production of a Black subjectivity that predominantly caters to – and understands itself in relation to - whiteness. This process of subjectivation, which is performative, can - and regularly does - materialize in various ways through our studio practice. However, with the intervention of critical theory (and the application of strategies of resistance to hegemony that it can provide), interrogative self-reflexivity, and a singular perspective, it is possible to create work that disrupts and transgresses these norms, ultimately contesting the prevalent notion of Black identity as a homogenous experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The effects of municipal demarcation board decisions on health care services in the Eastern Cape: a case of Alfed Nzo District Municipality
- Authors: Makali, Andile Ernest
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Health-care services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13546 , vital:39678
- Description: The study sought to assess the effects of municipal demarcation board decisions on health care services. Since the democratic elections, the South African government was faced with the task of eliminating the racially based municipal system that segregated certain groups of people in service delivery. To deal with the determination and re-determination of municipal boundaries the Municipal Demarcation Board (MBD) was established in 1998. The study used secondary data to achieve its objectives. A number of official documents and sources that were used for this study. These included government documents, municipal documents, NGO documents, private sector documents. Results showed that municipal revenue is negatively affected by demarcations. Alfred Nzo District Municipality is no exception to this. Furthermore, demarcation processes have implications for health human resources and other municipal health processes. Human resources such as nurses and doctors are sometimes shifted from one municipality to another. Other negative consequences (especially in the transition period) may result from issues related to the supply chain, long-term contracts, municipal plans and policies, financial and other systems, information and databases, asset registers and asset maintenance, and repairs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Makali, Andile Ernest
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Health-care services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13546 , vital:39678
- Description: The study sought to assess the effects of municipal demarcation board decisions on health care services. Since the democratic elections, the South African government was faced with the task of eliminating the racially based municipal system that segregated certain groups of people in service delivery. To deal with the determination and re-determination of municipal boundaries the Municipal Demarcation Board (MBD) was established in 1998. The study used secondary data to achieve its objectives. A number of official documents and sources that were used for this study. These included government documents, municipal documents, NGO documents, private sector documents. Results showed that municipal revenue is negatively affected by demarcations. Alfred Nzo District Municipality is no exception to this. Furthermore, demarcation processes have implications for health human resources and other municipal health processes. Human resources such as nurses and doctors are sometimes shifted from one municipality to another. Other negative consequences (especially in the transition period) may result from issues related to the supply chain, long-term contracts, municipal plans and policies, financial and other systems, information and databases, asset registers and asset maintenance, and repairs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The effect of perceptual skill of RFT scores : a cross-cultural study
- Authors: Marais, W F
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Witkin, Herman A , Personality , Personality and culture -- Cross-cultural studies , Cross-cultural studies , Perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3285 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012838
- Description: The increasing need to select individuals for tasks suited to their personality make-up, has added to the challenge psychology faces of developing tests which can be applied to subjects from different cultures and environments. Many attempts at such designs litter the history of industrial and cross- cultural personality research. Among those to have survived years of reassessment, is the cognitive style approach developed by Herman Witkin. Intro., p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Marais, W F
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Witkin, Herman A , Personality , Personality and culture -- Cross-cultural studies , Cross-cultural studies , Perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3285 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012838
- Description: The increasing need to select individuals for tasks suited to their personality make-up, has added to the challenge psychology faces of developing tests which can be applied to subjects from different cultures and environments. Many attempts at such designs litter the history of industrial and cross- cultural personality research. Among those to have survived years of reassessment, is the cognitive style approach developed by Herman Witkin. Intro., p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
The ecology and conservation of Mackinder's eagle owls (Bubo capensis mackinderi) in central Kenya in relation to agricultural land-use and cultural attitudes
- Authors: Ogada, Darcy L
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Cape eagle owl -- Kenya Cape eagle owl -- Habitat -- Kenya Cape eagle owl -- Breeding -- Kenya Cape eagle owl -- Nutrition -- Kenya Bubo -- Kenya Wildlife conservation -- Kenya Biodiversity conservation -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5668 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005353
- Description: The loss of habitat to agriculture is a worldwide problem for biodiversity conservation. One species that has seemingly been able to adapt to the conversion of forests to farmlands is Mackinder’s eagle owl (Bubo capensis mackinderi), which inhabits highland areas, but little is known of its ecology, especially outside of protected areas. This study examined the impact of agricultural practices and farmer’s attitudes on the foraging and population ecology of the Mackinder’s eagle owl in central Kenya. Owl territories were monitored monthly from June 2004- October 2006 for signs of occupancy, breeding activity, mortality and to collect data on food resources. Nest site characteristics were measured for all known nests. Because previous studies showed an affinity for rodents, small mammals were trapped monthly using mark-recapture methodology. In each territory, the type and amount of farm crops were measured each month and farmers were interviewed about their knowledge and beliefs about owls. Mackinder’s eagle owls in central Kenya lived at extremely high density 0.87 owl pairs/km². This density was high compared to other populations of Mackinder’s eagle owl and to Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) populations in Europe. Breeding success was 48% over three years and this compared well with other species of eagle owl inhabiting human-disturbed areas. All nests and roosts were located in river valleys, and all successful nest sites were located on cliffs or other inaccessible rocky terrain. Nest sites were located adjacent to farms, which provided for both open hunting and an abundance of prey. Breeding activity was concentrated after the rainy seasons and this was likely linked to prey availability after the rains. Agricultural activities generally had a positive effect on rodent populations. Small mammal trapping results revealed that rodents were over 14 times more abundant in farms than in adjacent grassland habitat. This population of Mackinder’s eagle owl had a very catholic diet and consumed mostly mammalian prey species including hares, giant rats, root rats, grooved-tooth rats and small rodents. Small rodents accounted for almost half of the owls’ diet and when their numbers increased, owls responded by consuming more of them, indicating the importance of farming activities to this population of owls. Other populations of eagle owl inhabiting human-disturbed areas had diet widths positively related to levels of habitat disturbance. This result supported optimal foraging theory that more productive environments have predators with more specialized diets, while patchy environments have generalist predators. The ecology of this population of Mackinder’s eagle owls was heavily influenced by human agricultural activities, which generally had a positive effect on their population. Farming activities changed rapidly both within and between seasons as plots were small and neighbouring farmers planted various crops at different times of the year and this was enhanced by irrigation in some areas. Year-round availability of forage within farms had a positive effect on owl prey species, some of which increased relative to the type and amount of crops found in farms. However, 57% of owl injuries and mortalities that occurred were related either directly or indirectly to human activities. Cultural prejudices against owls remain the biggest threat to this population’s long-term persistence. Farmer education was shown to play a significant role in overcoming negative beliefs about owls. Because Mackinder’s eagle owls are highly adaptable to anthropomorphic landscape changes, largely due to their adaptability as food generalists, they are one of the few top predators remaining in this highly disturbed agricultural system. However, populations within agricultural areas remain especially vulnerable to negative human attitudes towards owls due to their close association with human activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Ogada, Darcy L
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Cape eagle owl -- Kenya Cape eagle owl -- Habitat -- Kenya Cape eagle owl -- Breeding -- Kenya Cape eagle owl -- Nutrition -- Kenya Bubo -- Kenya Wildlife conservation -- Kenya Biodiversity conservation -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5668 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005353
- Description: The loss of habitat to agriculture is a worldwide problem for biodiversity conservation. One species that has seemingly been able to adapt to the conversion of forests to farmlands is Mackinder’s eagle owl (Bubo capensis mackinderi), which inhabits highland areas, but little is known of its ecology, especially outside of protected areas. This study examined the impact of agricultural practices and farmer’s attitudes on the foraging and population ecology of the Mackinder’s eagle owl in central Kenya. Owl territories were monitored monthly from June 2004- October 2006 for signs of occupancy, breeding activity, mortality and to collect data on food resources. Nest site characteristics were measured for all known nests. Because previous studies showed an affinity for rodents, small mammals were trapped monthly using mark-recapture methodology. In each territory, the type and amount of farm crops were measured each month and farmers were interviewed about their knowledge and beliefs about owls. Mackinder’s eagle owls in central Kenya lived at extremely high density 0.87 owl pairs/km². This density was high compared to other populations of Mackinder’s eagle owl and to Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) populations in Europe. Breeding success was 48% over three years and this compared well with other species of eagle owl inhabiting human-disturbed areas. All nests and roosts were located in river valleys, and all successful nest sites were located on cliffs or other inaccessible rocky terrain. Nest sites were located adjacent to farms, which provided for both open hunting and an abundance of prey. Breeding activity was concentrated after the rainy seasons and this was likely linked to prey availability after the rains. Agricultural activities generally had a positive effect on rodent populations. Small mammal trapping results revealed that rodents were over 14 times more abundant in farms than in adjacent grassland habitat. This population of Mackinder’s eagle owl had a very catholic diet and consumed mostly mammalian prey species including hares, giant rats, root rats, grooved-tooth rats and small rodents. Small rodents accounted for almost half of the owls’ diet and when their numbers increased, owls responded by consuming more of them, indicating the importance of farming activities to this population of owls. Other populations of eagle owl inhabiting human-disturbed areas had diet widths positively related to levels of habitat disturbance. This result supported optimal foraging theory that more productive environments have predators with more specialized diets, while patchy environments have generalist predators. The ecology of this population of Mackinder’s eagle owls was heavily influenced by human agricultural activities, which generally had a positive effect on their population. Farming activities changed rapidly both within and between seasons as plots were small and neighbouring farmers planted various crops at different times of the year and this was enhanced by irrigation in some areas. Year-round availability of forage within farms had a positive effect on owl prey species, some of which increased relative to the type and amount of crops found in farms. However, 57% of owl injuries and mortalities that occurred were related either directly or indirectly to human activities. Cultural prejudices against owls remain the biggest threat to this population’s long-term persistence. Farmer education was shown to play a significant role in overcoming negative beliefs about owls. Because Mackinder’s eagle owls are highly adaptable to anthropomorphic landscape changes, largely due to their adaptability as food generalists, they are one of the few top predators remaining in this highly disturbed agricultural system. However, populations within agricultural areas remain especially vulnerable to negative human attitudes towards owls due to their close association with human activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
The design of the extensions to the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Museum of Art with specific emphasis on the preservation and improvement of the main entrance into St. Georges Park
- Van Niekerk, Eduard Johannes
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Eduard Johannes
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Art museums -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Art museum architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: vital:8155 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021224
- Description: The city of Port Elizabeth was established as a British colonial town in 1820 when the settlers arrived. With them, they brought ‘civilization’ from Europe, which can be seen in parts of the historic urban structure of Port Elizabeth as well the art that remains. The largest public space of the old city was St. Georges Park. The current museum buildings are part of the collection of British heritage buildings in a surrounding the park. The park is hierarchically located to align with other important places in the urban fabric. Today the park is used by city members as a sporting facility only. Club members of the various sporting facilities such as bowls, tennis, swimming and cricket clubs enjoy these amenities mostly on a Saturday. The park is also home to the famous Duckpond Cricket Pavilion designed by award winning architect John Rushmere. It is the second oldest cricket club in South Africa and has hosted various first events. The museum however has run out of space a few years ago and proposals have been formed by city officials to connect the existing gallery buildings, which would result in the closure of the gateway into the park while also disrupting the general urban flow and rhythm of the city. Finally, any new museum in South African should try to serve our diverse cultures and preserve a heritage whether pleasant or unpleasant. This type building needs to be a new type of place and be an appropriate symbol of our attitudes towards colonial heritage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Eduard Johannes
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Art museums -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Art museum architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: vital:8155 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021224
- Description: The city of Port Elizabeth was established as a British colonial town in 1820 when the settlers arrived. With them, they brought ‘civilization’ from Europe, which can be seen in parts of the historic urban structure of Port Elizabeth as well the art that remains. The largest public space of the old city was St. Georges Park. The current museum buildings are part of the collection of British heritage buildings in a surrounding the park. The park is hierarchically located to align with other important places in the urban fabric. Today the park is used by city members as a sporting facility only. Club members of the various sporting facilities such as bowls, tennis, swimming and cricket clubs enjoy these amenities mostly on a Saturday. The park is also home to the famous Duckpond Cricket Pavilion designed by award winning architect John Rushmere. It is the second oldest cricket club in South Africa and has hosted various first events. The museum however has run out of space a few years ago and proposals have been formed by city officials to connect the existing gallery buildings, which would result in the closure of the gateway into the park while also disrupting the general urban flow and rhythm of the city. Finally, any new museum in South African should try to serve our diverse cultures and preserve a heritage whether pleasant or unpleasant. This type building needs to be a new type of place and be an appropriate symbol of our attitudes towards colonial heritage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The characteristics and trends of rainfall on sub-Antarctic Marion Island and associated air circulation patterns
- Authors: Mapuka, Fortunate Nomsa
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc(Geography)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18698 , vital:42725
- Description: Marion Island (46°54ʹS, 37°45ʹE) located in the Southern Ocean possesses one of the most oceanic climates on earth and sensitive to climate change. Climatologically, the sub-Antarctic is inadequately represented in the climate literature and this research therefore attempts to establish the recent changes that have occurred on Marion Island with regards to annual rainfall totals, monthly rainfall, rain days and non-rain days during the period from 1980 to 2018. This study found that annual rainfall has decreased by 24% from 2196.7 mm to 1678.57 mm from 1980 to 2018 and that the last decade (2010-2018) is the driest on record. The decrease in annual rainfall on Marion Island can be directly linked to the decreases recorded in monthly and daily rainfall. Rainfall in autumn has reduced by 35% over the last 40 years and the decrease in autumn rainfall is in part directly related to an increase in anticyclonic air circulation during which Marion Island is not influenced by any mid-latitudinal depressions. The frequency of rain days measured on Marion Island significantly decreased. Daily rainfall measuring less than 5 mm of rain a day contribute 50% of the total number of rain days. However, these high frequency low depth rainfall days contribute very little rainfall to annual totals. On Marion Island rain days that measure 10 mm and above contribute 65% of the total annual rainfall and it is also these type of high magnitude rain days that have significantly decreased since 1980. Multi-day consecutive rain events contribute the greatest proportion of rainfall to the annual rainfall totals (~40%). Linear statistics shows that the contribution to rainfall amount from these multi-day rainfall has halved since 1980. The frequency of non-rain days and consecutive non-rain days have significantly increased. The increased frequency of anticyclonic air circulation over Marion Island and the decrease of the traveling low-pressure systems affecting Marion Island are the probable cause of the increase in non-rain days. It is suggested that this increase in consecutive non-rain days has the most significant impact on the island’s biodiversity and landscape
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mapuka, Fortunate Nomsa
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc(Geography)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18698 , vital:42725
- Description: Marion Island (46°54ʹS, 37°45ʹE) located in the Southern Ocean possesses one of the most oceanic climates on earth and sensitive to climate change. Climatologically, the sub-Antarctic is inadequately represented in the climate literature and this research therefore attempts to establish the recent changes that have occurred on Marion Island with regards to annual rainfall totals, monthly rainfall, rain days and non-rain days during the period from 1980 to 2018. This study found that annual rainfall has decreased by 24% from 2196.7 mm to 1678.57 mm from 1980 to 2018 and that the last decade (2010-2018) is the driest on record. The decrease in annual rainfall on Marion Island can be directly linked to the decreases recorded in monthly and daily rainfall. Rainfall in autumn has reduced by 35% over the last 40 years and the decrease in autumn rainfall is in part directly related to an increase in anticyclonic air circulation during which Marion Island is not influenced by any mid-latitudinal depressions. The frequency of rain days measured on Marion Island significantly decreased. Daily rainfall measuring less than 5 mm of rain a day contribute 50% of the total number of rain days. However, these high frequency low depth rainfall days contribute very little rainfall to annual totals. On Marion Island rain days that measure 10 mm and above contribute 65% of the total annual rainfall and it is also these type of high magnitude rain days that have significantly decreased since 1980. Multi-day consecutive rain events contribute the greatest proportion of rainfall to the annual rainfall totals (~40%). Linear statistics shows that the contribution to rainfall amount from these multi-day rainfall has halved since 1980. The frequency of non-rain days and consecutive non-rain days have significantly increased. The increased frequency of anticyclonic air circulation over Marion Island and the decrease of the traveling low-pressure systems affecting Marion Island are the probable cause of the increase in non-rain days. It is suggested that this increase in consecutive non-rain days has the most significant impact on the island’s biodiversity and landscape
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Sustainability, viability and stability : the case of income generating projects in the Nelson Mandela Bay
- Dikana, Zukisile Christopher
- Authors: Dikana, Zukisile Christopher
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Public investments -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Community development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9157 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019860
- Description: This study explores issues of sustainability, viability and stability in the projects funded by the Department of Social Development, situated in the Nelson Mandela Bay. The researcher makes use of a combination of qualitative and quantitative research designs to gather data. The sample consisted of about three members from each of the four projects selected, as well as two officials of the Department of Social Development in the Nelson Mandela Bay. The respondents participated in structured and semi-structured interviews exploring their demographic information, information about the project and how it is managed, views and opinions about differences between a business venture and a project, their understanding of what constitutes a sustainable, viable and stable income-generating project as well as their opinions about what would contribute to ensuring sustainability, viability and stability in these projects. The results of the study reveal that it is important to structure and run the income generating projects using business principles which include vigorous marketing and proper costing. There is also a need to train the participants in business management so that they can run the ventures successfully. It has also become apparent that a clear leader or manager is lacking and thus decision making process is too long, meaning a meeting must take place involving all project members before a decision that affects the operations can be made. Almost all key factors contributing to a sustainable and viable income generating project, as defined by Mango (2004) and Madi (2007) were also found to be lacking in these projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Dikana, Zukisile Christopher
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Public investments -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Community development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9157 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019860
- Description: This study explores issues of sustainability, viability and stability in the projects funded by the Department of Social Development, situated in the Nelson Mandela Bay. The researcher makes use of a combination of qualitative and quantitative research designs to gather data. The sample consisted of about three members from each of the four projects selected, as well as two officials of the Department of Social Development in the Nelson Mandela Bay. The respondents participated in structured and semi-structured interviews exploring their demographic information, information about the project and how it is managed, views and opinions about differences between a business venture and a project, their understanding of what constitutes a sustainable, viable and stable income-generating project as well as their opinions about what would contribute to ensuring sustainability, viability and stability in these projects. The results of the study reveal that it is important to structure and run the income generating projects using business principles which include vigorous marketing and proper costing. There is also a need to train the participants in business management so that they can run the ventures successfully. It has also become apparent that a clear leader or manager is lacking and thus decision making process is too long, meaning a meeting must take place involving all project members before a decision that affects the operations can be made. Almost all key factors contributing to a sustainable and viable income generating project, as defined by Mango (2004) and Madi (2007) were also found to be lacking in these projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
South African art, the romantic principle and the Grahamstown group
- Authors: Clark, George Phillip Haven
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Art, South African , Art -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2501 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014638
- Description: The purpose of this essay is to examine the "rumblings in the belly of Leviathan from which we are able to diagnose his disease" (Comfort). Adopting a cyclical idea of art, it aims to point out that South African art has degenerated to a state where the much publicised so-called leaders of art are simply using charm techniques to woo the consent of a society whose metaphysics are derived from twentieth century collective materialism. The South African situation is examined, as is the Romantic principle underlying all genuine artistic activity. It is proposed that the cure lies in a reinstatement of this principle and in a readjustment of the concepts of reality and unreality. Finally, the Grahamstown Group is propounded as an embodiment of the Romantic principle with its implicit concept of artistic reality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Clark, George Phillip Haven
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Art, South African , Art -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2501 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014638
- Description: The purpose of this essay is to examine the "rumblings in the belly of Leviathan from which we are able to diagnose his disease" (Comfort). Adopting a cyclical idea of art, it aims to point out that South African art has degenerated to a state where the much publicised so-called leaders of art are simply using charm techniques to woo the consent of a society whose metaphysics are derived from twentieth century collective materialism. The South African situation is examined, as is the Romantic principle underlying all genuine artistic activity. It is proposed that the cure lies in a reinstatement of this principle and in a readjustment of the concepts of reality and unreality. Finally, the Grahamstown Group is propounded as an embodiment of the Romantic principle with its implicit concept of artistic reality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Skilled and competent officials: An imperative for effective and efficient public procurement management
- Hlwempu, Steven Siphosenkosi
- Authors: Hlwempu, Steven Siphosenkosi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Skills development -- South Afica -- Eastern Cape , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46945 , vital:39738
- Description: The study sought to examine the skills needed by public officials for effective and efficient public procurement management. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is one of the key mechanisms enabling the government to implement policies and strategies, and to realise set objectives. However, there is a series of reported cases of incompetence by South African public sector practitioners when it comes to implementing duties they are designated to do, which have raised many concerns and led to the failure of SCM policies in the public sector. The Eastern Cape provincial government has been seen to be affected by poor procurement, and public procurement officials in the province face challenges such as redundant spending and misinterpretation of contracts and needs. These problems in the Eastern Cape provincial government have been especially highlighted in the Auditor General of South Africa’s reports. The study adopted a qualitative approach, and desktop research was used in a bid to ascertain the competence and skills required by public sector SCM practitioners in the Eastern Cape. Results showed that the logistics and supply chain sector have skills shortages, both in terms of soft and hard skills.Numerous studies have been done around the world to determine the types of skills that are required for successful supply chains. These results showed that there are skill categories that can be valuable in properly determining management effectively and efficiently in any institution. The study, therefore, recommended that the government provide funds for public sector employees to take professional education in the area of SCM. The government can also send its employees to education institutions that offer supply chain course.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Hlwempu, Steven Siphosenkosi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Skills development -- South Afica -- Eastern Cape , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46945 , vital:39738
- Description: The study sought to examine the skills needed by public officials for effective and efficient public procurement management. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is one of the key mechanisms enabling the government to implement policies and strategies, and to realise set objectives. However, there is a series of reported cases of incompetence by South African public sector practitioners when it comes to implementing duties they are designated to do, which have raised many concerns and led to the failure of SCM policies in the public sector. The Eastern Cape provincial government has been seen to be affected by poor procurement, and public procurement officials in the province face challenges such as redundant spending and misinterpretation of contracts and needs. These problems in the Eastern Cape provincial government have been especially highlighted in the Auditor General of South Africa’s reports. The study adopted a qualitative approach, and desktop research was used in a bid to ascertain the competence and skills required by public sector SCM practitioners in the Eastern Cape. Results showed that the logistics and supply chain sector have skills shortages, both in terms of soft and hard skills.Numerous studies have been done around the world to determine the types of skills that are required for successful supply chains. These results showed that there are skill categories that can be valuable in properly determining management effectively and efficiently in any institution. The study, therefore, recommended that the government provide funds for public sector employees to take professional education in the area of SCM. The government can also send its employees to education institutions that offer supply chain course.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Performance comparison of iron pillared montmorillonite, raw and modified zeolites sorption for Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) in water
- Authors: Madigoe, Marakeng Rhudolf
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Water -- Purification -- Biological treatment Adsorption Montmorillonite
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8078 , vital:31516
- Description: The higher concentration of heavy metals and pollutants is toxic to human health and the environment. It is essential to remove these toxics from contaminated water. There are several methods developed for water treatment. These include adsorption, reverse osmosis, precipitation, coagulation and cation exchange. Adsorbents of various characteristics are considered for removal of heavy metals and pollutants. The study investigated the performance of iron pillared Montmorillonite, raw and modified zeolite (acid and base) for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) in artificially contaminated water. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) instruments. The percentage removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) after adsorption process were determined. Iron pillared Montmorillonite showed efficient removal for lead and zeolite for copper and nickel.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Madigoe, Marakeng Rhudolf
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Water -- Purification -- Biological treatment Adsorption Montmorillonite
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8078 , vital:31516
- Description: The higher concentration of heavy metals and pollutants is toxic to human health and the environment. It is essential to remove these toxics from contaminated water. There are several methods developed for water treatment. These include adsorption, reverse osmosis, precipitation, coagulation and cation exchange. Adsorbents of various characteristics are considered for removal of heavy metals and pollutants. The study investigated the performance of iron pillared Montmorillonite, raw and modified zeolite (acid and base) for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) in artificially contaminated water. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) instruments. The percentage removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) after adsorption process were determined. Iron pillared Montmorillonite showed efficient removal for lead and zeolite for copper and nickel.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Observations of selective feeding of the aphid, Sitobion yakini (eastop) on leaf blades of barley (Hordeum vulgare L)
- Authors: Matsiliza, Babalwa
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Aphids , Phloem , Barley
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4212 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003781 , Aphids , Phloem , Barley
- Description: Penetration of leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants grown under normal conditions and those exposed to physiological stress, by the aphid, Sitobion yakini was investigated using light and electron microscope techniques. This was carried out to determine if there was evidence of preferential feeding on either thin- or thick-walled sieve tubes in the barley leaf. Under both stress and non-stress conditions, preliminary results of an electron microscope investigation showed that penetration of the epidermis and mesophyll was largely intercellular, becoming partly intercellular and in part intracellular inside the vascular bundle. A total of 317 stylets and stylet tracks were encountered during the examination of 2000 serial sections. In non-stressed plant material, 293 (92%) terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes and only 24 (8%) in thick-walled sieve tubes. Investigation of 1000 serial sections using stressed plant material showed, that 84 of 89 (94%) stylets and stylet tracks encountered terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes. Furthermore, 90 of 94 (96%) stylets and stylet tracks encountered in 1000 serial sections from the second experiment of control non-stressed plant material (control) terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes. The thin-walled sieve tubes were significantly more visited (probed) by the aphid than the thick-walled sieve tubes. Under stress conditions, 50 of 89 (56%) stylets and stylet tracks which terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes were associated with the small longitudinal bundles. Under normal conditions, 65 of 94 (69%) stylets and stylet tracks which terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes were associated with the small longitudinal bundles. There were no significant differences on the number of probes of sieve elements between the two treatments. These data suggest that the aphid S. yakini feeds preferentially on the thin-walled sieve tubes of the small longitudinal vascular bundles in plants grown under normal conditions and those exposed to physiological stress, such as water stress. This further suggests that the thin-walled sieve tubes in barley leaf blades are more attractive to the aphid and are probably most functional in terms of phloem loading and transport.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Matsiliza, Babalwa
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Aphids , Phloem , Barley
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4212 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003781 , Aphids , Phloem , Barley
- Description: Penetration of leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants grown under normal conditions and those exposed to physiological stress, by the aphid, Sitobion yakini was investigated using light and electron microscope techniques. This was carried out to determine if there was evidence of preferential feeding on either thin- or thick-walled sieve tubes in the barley leaf. Under both stress and non-stress conditions, preliminary results of an electron microscope investigation showed that penetration of the epidermis and mesophyll was largely intercellular, becoming partly intercellular and in part intracellular inside the vascular bundle. A total of 317 stylets and stylet tracks were encountered during the examination of 2000 serial sections. In non-stressed plant material, 293 (92%) terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes and only 24 (8%) in thick-walled sieve tubes. Investigation of 1000 serial sections using stressed plant material showed, that 84 of 89 (94%) stylets and stylet tracks encountered terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes. Furthermore, 90 of 94 (96%) stylets and stylet tracks encountered in 1000 serial sections from the second experiment of control non-stressed plant material (control) terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes. The thin-walled sieve tubes were significantly more visited (probed) by the aphid than the thick-walled sieve tubes. Under stress conditions, 50 of 89 (56%) stylets and stylet tracks which terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes were associated with the small longitudinal bundles. Under normal conditions, 65 of 94 (69%) stylets and stylet tracks which terminated in thin-walled sieve tubes were associated with the small longitudinal bundles. There were no significant differences on the number of probes of sieve elements between the two treatments. These data suggest that the aphid S. yakini feeds preferentially on the thin-walled sieve tubes of the small longitudinal vascular bundles in plants grown under normal conditions and those exposed to physiological stress, such as water stress. This further suggests that the thin-walled sieve tubes in barley leaf blades are more attractive to the aphid and are probably most functional in terms of phloem loading and transport.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Graduation Ceremony May 2009
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:11985
- Description: University of Fort Hare Graduation programme Friday, 8th & Saturday, 9th May 2009.
- Full Text:
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:11985
- Description: University of Fort Hare Graduation programme Friday, 8th & Saturday, 9th May 2009.
- Full Text:
Geology of the Elisenheim area, Windhoek district, South West Africa, with special reference to the Matchless amphibolite belt
- Authors: Finnemore, S H
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Matchless Copper Mine (Namibia) , Geology, Structural -- Namibia , Amphibolite -- Namibia , Geology -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5053 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011864
- Description: The Elisenheim area is situated just north of Windhoek within the Windhoek Formation of the Swakop Subgroup and is underlain by monotonous succession of semi-pelitic schists with intercalations of amphibolite, talc schist, graphitic schist and marble. Petrographic studies on units of the Matchless amphibolite which outcrop in the south of the property, have resulted in the recognition of three different types of amphibolite, namely, epidote amphibolite, porphyroblastic amphibolite and chlorite-amphibole schist. Amphibole porphyroblasts generally display patchy and zonal intergrowths of hornblende and actinolite which are indicative of non-equilibration during prograde metamorphism. Talc schists have been mapped in the north of the property. All lithotypes have undergone three phases of deformation (Fl, FZ, F3) which terminated with the faulting which underlies the Klein Windhoek, Dobra, Tigenschlücht and Kuruma rivers. Medium grade regional metamorphism accompanied F 1, F Z and F 3 and outlasted the latter. Mineral assemblages throughout the area are those of the amphibolite facies and P, T conditions prevailing during metamorphism are estimated to have been at least 5 kb at ~ 550° C. Petrochemical evidence indicates that the Matchless amphibolites are igneous in origin and genetically related to the ultrabasic talc schists. They are similar in composition to oceanic tholeiites and are thought to have been extruded subaqueously.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
- Authors: Finnemore, S H
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: Matchless Copper Mine (Namibia) , Geology, Structural -- Namibia , Amphibolite -- Namibia , Geology -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5053 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011864
- Description: The Elisenheim area is situated just north of Windhoek within the Windhoek Formation of the Swakop Subgroup and is underlain by monotonous succession of semi-pelitic schists with intercalations of amphibolite, talc schist, graphitic schist and marble. Petrographic studies on units of the Matchless amphibolite which outcrop in the south of the property, have resulted in the recognition of three different types of amphibolite, namely, epidote amphibolite, porphyroblastic amphibolite and chlorite-amphibole schist. Amphibole porphyroblasts generally display patchy and zonal intergrowths of hornblende and actinolite which are indicative of non-equilibration during prograde metamorphism. Talc schists have been mapped in the north of the property. All lithotypes have undergone three phases of deformation (Fl, FZ, F3) which terminated with the faulting which underlies the Klein Windhoek, Dobra, Tigenschlücht and Kuruma rivers. Medium grade regional metamorphism accompanied F 1, F Z and F 3 and outlasted the latter. Mineral assemblages throughout the area are those of the amphibolite facies and P, T conditions prevailing during metamorphism are estimated to have been at least 5 kb at ~ 550° C. Petrochemical evidence indicates that the Matchless amphibolites are igneous in origin and genetically related to the ultrabasic talc schists. They are similar in composition to oceanic tholeiites and are thought to have been extruded subaqueously.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
Factors influencing adherence to folic acid and ferrous sulphate nutritional supplement intake among pregnant teenagers in Buffalo City Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Kalipa, Zamazizi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Pregnancy -- Nutritional aspects Pregnant women -- Attitudes Folic acid -- Pregnant women
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Nursing
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10017 , vital:35286
- Description: Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing folic acid/ferrous sulphate nutritional supplement intake among pregnant teenagers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), Eastern Cape in South Africa.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 300 purposively selected pregnant teenagers aged between 13 to 19 years, who were attending antennal clinic in BCMM. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The majority (97.0 percent) of the respondents obtained their supplements from the clinic; took other medications (87.2 percent); the respondents regularly used nutritional supplements (71.7 percent); agreed that folic acid and ferrous sulphate were important for pregnancy outcomes (96 percent); should be taken before pregnancy and after birth (68.2 percent); and nurses had explained the possible pregnancy complications (71.7 percent). About 84.1 percent agreed that the medication containers were clearly labelled; and nurses had explained the side effects of folic acid/ ferrous folate (60.7 percent), and the likely action in case side effects occurred (56 percent). The majority of the participants also agreed that folic acid and ferrous sulphate are good for the unborn baby (88 percent); and are harmless to the unborn baby (75.3 percent). The majority (49.2 percent) of the participants did not consume dark leafy vegetables, cabbage (35.0 percent), liver (47.1 percent), beef/lamb (42.0 percent), fish (43.3 percent) and beans/legumes (36.4 percent). Participants indicated that folic acid and ferrous sulphate made them feel nauseous, inclined to vomit and also caused stomach pain.Conclusion: The majority of pregnant teenagers received their nutritional supplements from the health facilities over the counter. The study indicated that nausea, vomiting, forgetting to take the supplements due to busy schedules, non-availability of folic acid and ferrous sulphate in health facilities were the major reasons influencing the intake of folic acid and ferrous sulphate by pregnant teenagers. Also, there is low consumption of iron and folate rich foods by pregnant teenagers in this setting. Health practitioners including doctors, nurses and community health care workers needed to improve health education by including information on nutritional supplements and the importance an use of folic acid and ferrous sulphate during pregnancy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Kalipa, Zamazizi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Pregnancy -- Nutritional aspects Pregnant women -- Attitudes Folic acid -- Pregnant women
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Nursing
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10017 , vital:35286
- Description: Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing folic acid/ferrous sulphate nutritional supplement intake among pregnant teenagers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), Eastern Cape in South Africa.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 300 purposively selected pregnant teenagers aged between 13 to 19 years, who were attending antennal clinic in BCMM. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The majority (97.0 percent) of the respondents obtained their supplements from the clinic; took other medications (87.2 percent); the respondents regularly used nutritional supplements (71.7 percent); agreed that folic acid and ferrous sulphate were important for pregnancy outcomes (96 percent); should be taken before pregnancy and after birth (68.2 percent); and nurses had explained the possible pregnancy complications (71.7 percent). About 84.1 percent agreed that the medication containers were clearly labelled; and nurses had explained the side effects of folic acid/ ferrous folate (60.7 percent), and the likely action in case side effects occurred (56 percent). The majority of the participants also agreed that folic acid and ferrous sulphate are good for the unborn baby (88 percent); and are harmless to the unborn baby (75.3 percent). The majority (49.2 percent) of the participants did not consume dark leafy vegetables, cabbage (35.0 percent), liver (47.1 percent), beef/lamb (42.0 percent), fish (43.3 percent) and beans/legumes (36.4 percent). Participants indicated that folic acid and ferrous sulphate made them feel nauseous, inclined to vomit and also caused stomach pain.Conclusion: The majority of pregnant teenagers received their nutritional supplements from the health facilities over the counter. The study indicated that nausea, vomiting, forgetting to take the supplements due to busy schedules, non-availability of folic acid and ferrous sulphate in health facilities were the major reasons influencing the intake of folic acid and ferrous sulphate by pregnant teenagers. Also, there is low consumption of iron and folate rich foods by pregnant teenagers in this setting. Health practitioners including doctors, nurses and community health care workers needed to improve health education by including information on nutritional supplements and the importance an use of folic acid and ferrous sulphate during pregnancy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Factors affecting experiential learning for midwifery students at the public college of nursing in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Pama, Nomzekelo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Midwifery -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Midwives -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Nursing -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4524 , vital:28375
- Description: In nursing education, experiential learning is an important part of the curriculum and accounts for almost half of the requirements for the nursing programmes. A positive relationship with and collaboration between the training institutions and clinical placement facilities are vital for student achievement. Nurse educators are also expected to involve themselves in clinical accompaniment to bridge the theory-practice gap. Student nurses placed in midwifery clinical learning environments experience difficulty in meeting their experiential learning outcomes and programme requirements. Due to the overcrowded clinical facilities, they compete for the limited learning opportunities and resources which make the integration of theory and practice difficult. Therefore, this leads to delay in the commencement of community service by some of the nursing students as they do not graduate because of not achieving midwifery clinical outcomes and programme requirements. The purpose of the study is to assess factors affecting experiential learning for midwifery students at the public college of nursing in the Eastern Cape and the main objectives of the study were to: • Identify the challenges affecting the quality of learning in the clinical learning environment. • Determine the nature of supervision for experiential learning of midwifery students. • Determine the role of a nurse educator in the experiential learning of student nurses in midwifery clinical learning environment. Methods and analysis A quantitative, descriptive survey was conducted by making use of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T) evaluation scale. The CLES+T is a reliable and valid evaluation scale for the gathering of information on the clinical learning environment and supervision of student nurses. The CLES+T evaluation scale was completed by 115 student nurses within the selected sites. The CLES+T evaluation scale is subdivided into three main sections with additional sub-sections: (1) the learning environment (2) the supervisory relationship and (3) the role of the nurse teacher (lecturer).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Pama, Nomzekelo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Midwifery -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Midwives -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Nursing -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4524 , vital:28375
- Description: In nursing education, experiential learning is an important part of the curriculum and accounts for almost half of the requirements for the nursing programmes. A positive relationship with and collaboration between the training institutions and clinical placement facilities are vital for student achievement. Nurse educators are also expected to involve themselves in clinical accompaniment to bridge the theory-practice gap. Student nurses placed in midwifery clinical learning environments experience difficulty in meeting their experiential learning outcomes and programme requirements. Due to the overcrowded clinical facilities, they compete for the limited learning opportunities and resources which make the integration of theory and practice difficult. Therefore, this leads to delay in the commencement of community service by some of the nursing students as they do not graduate because of not achieving midwifery clinical outcomes and programme requirements. The purpose of the study is to assess factors affecting experiential learning for midwifery students at the public college of nursing in the Eastern Cape and the main objectives of the study were to: • Identify the challenges affecting the quality of learning in the clinical learning environment. • Determine the nature of supervision for experiential learning of midwifery students. • Determine the role of a nurse educator in the experiential learning of student nurses in midwifery clinical learning environment. Methods and analysis A quantitative, descriptive survey was conducted by making use of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T) evaluation scale. The CLES+T is a reliable and valid evaluation scale for the gathering of information on the clinical learning environment and supervision of student nurses. The CLES+T evaluation scale was completed by 115 student nurses within the selected sites. The CLES+T evaluation scale is subdivided into three main sections with additional sub-sections: (1) the learning environment (2) the supervisory relationship and (3) the role of the nurse teacher (lecturer).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
experiences of female sex workers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Gcina, Boniswa Letticia
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Prostitutes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16730 , vital:40768
- Description: The phenomenon of female sex workers in South Africa is yet to be understood from both the cultural and legal perspectives. This gap leads to various challenges experienced by female sex workers in the country. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of female sex workers in Buffalo City Metropolitan, Eastern Cape Province. A descriptive phenomenological design was used to gain in-depth understanding and knowledge on the experiences of female sex workers’ in reality and social context. The study targeted female sex workers aged between 18-49 years for interviews. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit female sex workers and four focus groups of five members in each group were interviewed to collect data. Due to the sensitivity of the research topic, ethical approvals were sought and granted by University of Fort Hare Research Ethics Committee and the Eastern Cape Department of Health. Further, informed consent was obtained from study participants before data collection begun. Data analysis was done by using Tesch’ method steps. The findings indicated that in Buffalo City Metropolitan the female sex workers were experiencing human rights violation, stigma and discrimination, they were at risk of contracting HIV due to the nature of their work, and they were at risk of being in conflict with the law due to the nature of sex work in South Africa. The study recommends on the decriminalization of sex work in order to decrease rate of violence, rape and exploitation of female sex workers; the closure of all Illegal brothels as they promote drugs and substance abuse among this vulnerable group; and provision of counselling sessions for female sex workers by the Department of Social Welfare. The study concludes that peer educators training and embarking on campaigns in the community, media and social networks to promote ‘Anti-violence against sex workers’ is necessary. Therefore, the female sex workers need to be protected by police from any form of abuse and violence by the community, clients and pimps. This can address the psychological stress displayed by female sex workers in the studydomain
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Gcina, Boniswa Letticia
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Prostitutes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16730 , vital:40768
- Description: The phenomenon of female sex workers in South Africa is yet to be understood from both the cultural and legal perspectives. This gap leads to various challenges experienced by female sex workers in the country. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of female sex workers in Buffalo City Metropolitan, Eastern Cape Province. A descriptive phenomenological design was used to gain in-depth understanding and knowledge on the experiences of female sex workers’ in reality and social context. The study targeted female sex workers aged between 18-49 years for interviews. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit female sex workers and four focus groups of five members in each group were interviewed to collect data. Due to the sensitivity of the research topic, ethical approvals were sought and granted by University of Fort Hare Research Ethics Committee and the Eastern Cape Department of Health. Further, informed consent was obtained from study participants before data collection begun. Data analysis was done by using Tesch’ method steps. The findings indicated that in Buffalo City Metropolitan the female sex workers were experiencing human rights violation, stigma and discrimination, they were at risk of contracting HIV due to the nature of their work, and they were at risk of being in conflict with the law due to the nature of sex work in South Africa. The study recommends on the decriminalization of sex work in order to decrease rate of violence, rape and exploitation of female sex workers; the closure of all Illegal brothels as they promote drugs and substance abuse among this vulnerable group; and provision of counselling sessions for female sex workers by the Department of Social Welfare. The study concludes that peer educators training and embarking on campaigns in the community, media and social networks to promote ‘Anti-violence against sex workers’ is necessary. Therefore, the female sex workers need to be protected by police from any form of abuse and violence by the community, clients and pimps. This can address the psychological stress displayed by female sex workers in the studydomain
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Effects of discrimination on promotion of women into top managerial positions in the Eastern Cape
- Yona, Noxolo Nondwe Trewhellah
- Authors: Yona, Noxolo Nondwe Trewhellah
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Sex discrimination against women , Businesswomen
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57 , Sex discrimination against women , Businesswomen
- Description: The effects of discrimination on promotion of women into top managerial positions is investigated in this study. In order to investigate these effects, the use of a questionnaire for survey was developed. The questionnaire consisted of thirty-one statements in which a response to each question contributed towards the results of this study. The literature study was used as an eye opener to the South African situation with comparison to other countries. The purpose of the empirical study was to determine the effects of discrimination especially in the Eastern Cape. The answers of the respondents were analysed and interpreted with relation to the findings from the literature study. Concluding remarks are provided which could assist firms in the private sector when faced with the challenge of the advancement of women and the implementation of the Labour policies which endorse the equal opportunity programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Yona, Noxolo Nondwe Trewhellah
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Sex discrimination against women , Businesswomen
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57 , Sex discrimination against women , Businesswomen
- Description: The effects of discrimination on promotion of women into top managerial positions is investigated in this study. In order to investigate these effects, the use of a questionnaire for survey was developed. The questionnaire consisted of thirty-one statements in which a response to each question contributed towards the results of this study. The literature study was used as an eye opener to the South African situation with comparison to other countries. The purpose of the empirical study was to determine the effects of discrimination especially in the Eastern Cape. The answers of the respondents were analysed and interpreted with relation to the findings from the literature study. Concluding remarks are provided which could assist firms in the private sector when faced with the challenge of the advancement of women and the implementation of the Labour policies which endorse the equal opportunity programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
Diversity and distribution of lepidopteran stem borers and their wild host plants in Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, South Africa
- Authors: Kokwana, Bongiwe
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Stem borers--South Africa Pests--South Africa Grain--Diseases--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Entomology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11729 , vital:39101
- Description: Lepidopteran stem borers are infamous among cereal crops and sugarcane growers because of their pests status in these crops. Lepidopteran stem borers often infest cereal crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). However, in natural habitats, the stem borers feed on a wide variety of wild host plants species in the Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Typhaceae families. Some wild host plants in close approximation of cultivated fields act as reservoirs for stem borers during the absence of cultivated crops. Understanding of the diversity of the stem borers, their host plants and their interactions was very important in development of management strategies for the stem borer populations. For an example, grasses such as Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) and Sudan grass(Sorghum vulgare var. Sudanense (Piper) Hitchc.) act as trap plants whereas other grasses such as Molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv.) and legume silverleaf (Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC.) act as repellents to stem borer moths. In South Africa, studies on the diversity and distribution of lepidopteran stem borers in wild habitats are limited. Previous studies concentrated on diversity, abundance, and distribution of stem borers and their natural enemies on cultivated crops because of the economic importance of cultivated crops. In view of the foregoing, this study was conducted to investigate the diversity and distribution of lepidopteran stem borers and their host plants in wild habitats in the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces of South Africa and to generate mtDNA COI sequences of the stem borer species in natural habitats. These sequences can be accessed in databases and assist in identification of previously unknown stem borers in cultivated crops. Therefore this study contributes to development of monitoring and early identification tool of the stem borer movements between host plants assemblages. Surveys were conducted in Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, South Africa during the rainy season of 2014 and 2015 in 38 localities to catalogue the diversity of lepidopteran stem borers in wild host plants. The sites visited belonged to five vegetation types: grassland, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, savanna, forest, and wetlands. A total of 237 lepidopteran stem borers was collected during study yielding 21 species that belonged to Noctuidae (Acrapex sp. 89, Acrapex sp. 90, Acrapex sp. 92, Acrapex sp., Acrapex minima, New genus NG11), Sesamia calamistis Hampson, Sesamia sp., Sesamia natalensis Le rü sp. nov., Sesamia nov sp. 4, Sesamia nov sp.36, Conicofrontia bipartita Hampson, Conicofrontia sesamoides Hampson, Conicofrontia diamensa Hampson, Pirateolea piscator Fletcher , Sciomesa mesophaea Aurivillius), Crambidae(Chilo partellus Swinhoe and Calamotropha paludella Hibner) Pyralidae (Phycitiinae sp. 1 and Phycitiinae sp. 2) and Tortricidae were recorded from 20 wild host plant species. Stem borer wild host plants species were Cymbopogon dieterlenii Stapf ex Schweick.,Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, Cymbopogon pospischilii (K. Schum.) C.E. Hubb., Digitaria macroglossa Henrad, Eriochloa meyeriana (Nees) Pilg.,Eriochloa fatmensis (Hochst. &Steud.) Clayton, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Miscanthus capensis (Nees) Andersson, Paspalum urvillei Steud., Panicum maximumJacq., Pennisetum purpureum Schumach., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud.,Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov.,Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf.,Cyperus divesDelile, Cyperu sdistans Pursh, Cyperus fastigiatus Rottb., Cyperus sexangularis Nees and Typha latifolia (L.).The diversity of stem borer species varied among vegetation types, host plants, and altitude. Morphological identification of specimens from these surveys indicated a high diversity of stem borer species in the Noctuidae family, followed by Pyralidae, Crambidae, and Tortricidae respectively. Of all the stem borers collected in the two provinces, noctuid species were most abundant in all vegetation types from low to high altitudes representing 62.45percent, whereas pyralids, crambids, and tortricids made up 26.58percent, 9.28percent, and 1.69percent respectively. The diversity and distribution of stem borers were affected by latitude. KwaZulu-Natal had higher latitudes ranging between -28.37717˚ and -31.07800˚ and had higher diversity, distribution and the of stem borers host plants, while Western Cape Province had lower diversity and distribution at latitudes ranging between -34.00280˚ and -34.05343˚. Morphological identification of stem borers was complemented with the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) to investigate evolutionary relationships between the stem borer species collected in this study. Of the 12 sequences searched from the databases and the Genebank only five sequences were identified to species level; UFH024 was identified as Sciomesa mesophaea, the other four were identified as Conicofrontia sesamoides, Conicofrontia bipartita; and the first ever record of Calamotropha paludella in South Africa and Pirateolea piscator. Five sequences; UFH026, UFH028, UFH029, UFH030, UFH032 were only identified to order.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Kokwana, Bongiwe
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Stem borers--South Africa Pests--South Africa Grain--Diseases--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Entomology
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11729 , vital:39101
- Description: Lepidopteran stem borers are infamous among cereal crops and sugarcane growers because of their pests status in these crops. Lepidopteran stem borers often infest cereal crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). However, in natural habitats, the stem borers feed on a wide variety of wild host plants species in the Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Typhaceae families. Some wild host plants in close approximation of cultivated fields act as reservoirs for stem borers during the absence of cultivated crops. Understanding of the diversity of the stem borers, their host plants and their interactions was very important in development of management strategies for the stem borer populations. For an example, grasses such as Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) and Sudan grass(Sorghum vulgare var. Sudanense (Piper) Hitchc.) act as trap plants whereas other grasses such as Molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv.) and legume silverleaf (Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC.) act as repellents to stem borer moths. In South Africa, studies on the diversity and distribution of lepidopteran stem borers in wild habitats are limited. Previous studies concentrated on diversity, abundance, and distribution of stem borers and their natural enemies on cultivated crops because of the economic importance of cultivated crops. In view of the foregoing, this study was conducted to investigate the diversity and distribution of lepidopteran stem borers and their host plants in wild habitats in the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces of South Africa and to generate mtDNA COI sequences of the stem borer species in natural habitats. These sequences can be accessed in databases and assist in identification of previously unknown stem borers in cultivated crops. Therefore this study contributes to development of monitoring and early identification tool of the stem borer movements between host plants assemblages. Surveys were conducted in Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, South Africa during the rainy season of 2014 and 2015 in 38 localities to catalogue the diversity of lepidopteran stem borers in wild host plants. The sites visited belonged to five vegetation types: grassland, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, savanna, forest, and wetlands. A total of 237 lepidopteran stem borers was collected during study yielding 21 species that belonged to Noctuidae (Acrapex sp. 89, Acrapex sp. 90, Acrapex sp. 92, Acrapex sp., Acrapex minima, New genus NG11), Sesamia calamistis Hampson, Sesamia sp., Sesamia natalensis Le rü sp. nov., Sesamia nov sp. 4, Sesamia nov sp.36, Conicofrontia bipartita Hampson, Conicofrontia sesamoides Hampson, Conicofrontia diamensa Hampson, Pirateolea piscator Fletcher , Sciomesa mesophaea Aurivillius), Crambidae(Chilo partellus Swinhoe and Calamotropha paludella Hibner) Pyralidae (Phycitiinae sp. 1 and Phycitiinae sp. 2) and Tortricidae were recorded from 20 wild host plant species. Stem borer wild host plants species were Cymbopogon dieterlenii Stapf ex Schweick.,Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, Cymbopogon pospischilii (K. Schum.) C.E. Hubb., Digitaria macroglossa Henrad, Eriochloa meyeriana (Nees) Pilg.,Eriochloa fatmensis (Hochst. &Steud.) Clayton, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Miscanthus capensis (Nees) Andersson, Paspalum urvillei Steud., Panicum maximumJacq., Pennisetum purpureum Schumach., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud.,Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov.,Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf.,Cyperus divesDelile, Cyperu sdistans Pursh, Cyperus fastigiatus Rottb., Cyperus sexangularis Nees and Typha latifolia (L.).The diversity of stem borer species varied among vegetation types, host plants, and altitude. Morphological identification of specimens from these surveys indicated a high diversity of stem borer species in the Noctuidae family, followed by Pyralidae, Crambidae, and Tortricidae respectively. Of all the stem borers collected in the two provinces, noctuid species were most abundant in all vegetation types from low to high altitudes representing 62.45percent, whereas pyralids, crambids, and tortricids made up 26.58percent, 9.28percent, and 1.69percent respectively. The diversity and distribution of stem borers were affected by latitude. KwaZulu-Natal had higher latitudes ranging between -28.37717˚ and -31.07800˚ and had higher diversity, distribution and the of stem borers host plants, while Western Cape Province had lower diversity and distribution at latitudes ranging between -34.00280˚ and -34.05343˚. Morphological identification of stem borers was complemented with the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) to investigate evolutionary relationships between the stem borer species collected in this study. Of the 12 sequences searched from the databases and the Genebank only five sequences were identified to species level; UFH024 was identified as Sciomesa mesophaea, the other four were identified as Conicofrontia sesamoides, Conicofrontia bipartita; and the first ever record of Calamotropha paludella in South Africa and Pirateolea piscator. Five sequences; UFH026, UFH028, UFH029, UFH030, UFH032 were only identified to order.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016