Youth entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation in Kentane
- Authors: Potwana, Viwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Young adults -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19850 , vital:28985
- Description: The goal of this research was to explore the experiences of the youth in Kentane with respect to the role that a entrepreneurship plays in alleviation poverty, with the intention to enhance recommendations to the local municipality, the private sector and governmental departments. The study focused on entrepreneurship as one of the strategies that is deemed capable of reducing poverty and increasing economic growth. A qualitative research approach was used to explore the experiences of the entrepreneurial youth, where permission was attained from the youth prior to the commencement of the study. Purposive sampling was utilised to recruit participants and data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data analysis was carried out using steps outlined in Creswell (2003). Five main themes were identified during data analysis where the main finding was that there was a lack of knowledge and resources to broaden the scope of youth based businesses in the area. Another major finding from this study was the introduction and imposition of haphazard short-term projects aimed at alleviating poverty that often failed as they did not address the needs specific to the community. Youth of Kentane are dedicated as entrepreneurs; however, they need the collaboration of interested parties and stakeholders to realise their respective potentials. Developmental and training programmes are crucial to assist the entrepreneurial youth of Kentane.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Potwana, Viwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Young adults -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19850 , vital:28985
- Description: The goal of this research was to explore the experiences of the youth in Kentane with respect to the role that a entrepreneurship plays in alleviation poverty, with the intention to enhance recommendations to the local municipality, the private sector and governmental departments. The study focused on entrepreneurship as one of the strategies that is deemed capable of reducing poverty and increasing economic growth. A qualitative research approach was used to explore the experiences of the entrepreneurial youth, where permission was attained from the youth prior to the commencement of the study. Purposive sampling was utilised to recruit participants and data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data analysis was carried out using steps outlined in Creswell (2003). Five main themes were identified during data analysis where the main finding was that there was a lack of knowledge and resources to broaden the scope of youth based businesses in the area. Another major finding from this study was the introduction and imposition of haphazard short-term projects aimed at alleviating poverty that often failed as they did not address the needs specific to the community. Youth of Kentane are dedicated as entrepreneurs; however, they need the collaboration of interested parties and stakeholders to realise their respective potentials. Developmental and training programmes are crucial to assist the entrepreneurial youth of Kentane.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Young adults' experiences of romantic love relationships in virtual space
- Authors: Lambert, Tania
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Online dating , Intimacy (Psychology) , Young adults
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7577 , vital:21930
- Description: The arena for finding an intimate partner has changed significantly in the 21st century with online love relationships becoming more prevalent. Research indicates that individuals do experience meaningful online romantic love relationships and that these relationships often lead to face to face (FTF) relationships. However, limited research has been done on exploring the experiences of those who are/were involved in online romantic love relationships. Furthermore, research conducted on online love romantic relationships generally fails to investigate how people experience passion online, hereby ignoring this integral component of romantic love. The primary aim of the research study was to explore young adults’ experiences of romantic love relationships in virtual space. More specifically, the study explored how young adults experienced intimacy and passion as elements of romantic love online. The study was viewed from an interpretative paradigm and made use of a qualitative approach. The researcher conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with seven participants which were transcribed, and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four superordinate themes were identified, namely, Online Intimacy, Online Romance and Passion, Online Love, and Social Exchange Online. The participants experienced romantic love online and reported that these relationships were very significant, real and impacted on their psychological well-being. The study created a heuristic base that will provide impetus for this emerging field in research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Lambert, Tania
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Online dating , Intimacy (Psychology) , Young adults
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7577 , vital:21930
- Description: The arena for finding an intimate partner has changed significantly in the 21st century with online love relationships becoming more prevalent. Research indicates that individuals do experience meaningful online romantic love relationships and that these relationships often lead to face to face (FTF) relationships. However, limited research has been done on exploring the experiences of those who are/were involved in online romantic love relationships. Furthermore, research conducted on online love romantic relationships generally fails to investigate how people experience passion online, hereby ignoring this integral component of romantic love. The primary aim of the research study was to explore young adults’ experiences of romantic love relationships in virtual space. More specifically, the study explored how young adults experienced intimacy and passion as elements of romantic love online. The study was viewed from an interpretative paradigm and made use of a qualitative approach. The researcher conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with seven participants which were transcribed, and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four superordinate themes were identified, namely, Online Intimacy, Online Romance and Passion, Online Love, and Social Exchange Online. The participants experienced romantic love online and reported that these relationships were very significant, real and impacted on their psychological well-being. The study created a heuristic base that will provide impetus for this emerging field in research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Women and co-operatives
- Tame, Faith Jabulile Nomfundiso
- Authors: Tame, Faith Jabulile Nomfundiso
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cooperative societies -- Women -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Women in agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20615 , vital:29358
- Description: In this study, “Women and Cooperatives”, the researcher was interested in finding out whether women cooperatives contributed towards development of women and poverty reduction in Sarah Baartman District Municipality between 2004 and 2014. The study was conducted with three cooperatives situated in Makana Local Municipality, Sarah Baartman District Municipality and Eastern Cape Province. The cooperatives studied focused on sewing, poultry and agriculture. The study was explorative in nature as it was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of women cooperatives in empowering women, the effectiveness of women cooperatives in reducing poverty and to make recommendations regarding what can be done to address the challenges identified in the study. The qualitative research method was applied when conducting this study. Eight respondents from each cooperative were willing to take part and this led to a total of twenty-four respondents who participated. The questions asked were based on the interview schedule developed by the researcher. The results of the study and the recommendations indicated that more commitment from the government is required and the following key aspects should be taken into account when considering a development program: Infrastructure, Availability of funding, Access to resources, Skills development, Provision of basic services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Tame, Faith Jabulile Nomfundiso
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cooperative societies -- Women -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Women in agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20615 , vital:29358
- Description: In this study, “Women and Cooperatives”, the researcher was interested in finding out whether women cooperatives contributed towards development of women and poverty reduction in Sarah Baartman District Municipality between 2004 and 2014. The study was conducted with three cooperatives situated in Makana Local Municipality, Sarah Baartman District Municipality and Eastern Cape Province. The cooperatives studied focused on sewing, poultry and agriculture. The study was explorative in nature as it was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of women cooperatives in empowering women, the effectiveness of women cooperatives in reducing poverty and to make recommendations regarding what can be done to address the challenges identified in the study. The qualitative research method was applied when conducting this study. Eight respondents from each cooperative were willing to take part and this led to a total of twenty-four respondents who participated. The questions asked were based on the interview schedule developed by the researcher. The results of the study and the recommendations indicated that more commitment from the government is required and the following key aspects should be taken into account when considering a development program: Infrastructure, Availability of funding, Access to resources, Skills development, Provision of basic services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Visual gaze behaviour of sub-elite cricket batsmen when facing fast in-swing and out-swing bowling
- Authors: Douglas, Wayde Percival
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cricket -- Batting -- Psychological aspects Gaze -- Psychological aspects , Visual perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16098 , vital:28320
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to determine the visual gaze behaviour of sub-elite cricket batsmen when facing fast in-swing and out-swing bowling. To achieve the aim of this study, two main objectives were set: (1) to describe and compare the visual gaze behaviour of sub-elite cricket batsmen for both successful and unsuccessful trials irrespective of the ball faced; and (2) to describe and compare the visual gaze behaviour of sub-elite cricket batsmen for both in-swing and out-swing bowling trials irrespective of the outcome. The gaze behaviour characteristics were described and compared in terms areas of interest (AOI), number of fixations, duration of each fixation, starting and last fixation, and order of fixations. The study was pre-experimental in nature and utilised a quantitative approach. A One group post-test only design was followed in this study. A total of 13 batsmen were tested that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study by means of purposive sampling. Four different variables were assessed: eye dominance, visual gaze behaviour, the speed of delivery and ambient light. No significant differences were found for the mean number and duration of fixations irrespective of the stroke outcome and the ball type faced. However, significant differences were obtained when specifically looking at the stroke outcome and the ball type faced. Results suggest that the AOI, upper body, arm/ ball release and pitch are considered as task relevant cues. Information appears to be acquired from the aforementioned AOI in a sequential manner to contribute to successful batting performance. In addition, batsmen should attempt to diminish the number of blinks at the end of trials to contribute towards more successful batting performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Douglas, Wayde Percival
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cricket -- Batting -- Psychological aspects Gaze -- Psychological aspects , Visual perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16098 , vital:28320
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to determine the visual gaze behaviour of sub-elite cricket batsmen when facing fast in-swing and out-swing bowling. To achieve the aim of this study, two main objectives were set: (1) to describe and compare the visual gaze behaviour of sub-elite cricket batsmen for both successful and unsuccessful trials irrespective of the ball faced; and (2) to describe and compare the visual gaze behaviour of sub-elite cricket batsmen for both in-swing and out-swing bowling trials irrespective of the outcome. The gaze behaviour characteristics were described and compared in terms areas of interest (AOI), number of fixations, duration of each fixation, starting and last fixation, and order of fixations. The study was pre-experimental in nature and utilised a quantitative approach. A One group post-test only design was followed in this study. A total of 13 batsmen were tested that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study by means of purposive sampling. Four different variables were assessed: eye dominance, visual gaze behaviour, the speed of delivery and ambient light. No significant differences were found for the mean number and duration of fixations irrespective of the stroke outcome and the ball type faced. However, significant differences were obtained when specifically looking at the stroke outcome and the ball type faced. Results suggest that the AOI, upper body, arm/ ball release and pitch are considered as task relevant cues. Information appears to be acquired from the aforementioned AOI in a sequential manner to contribute to successful batting performance. In addition, batsmen should attempt to diminish the number of blinks at the end of trials to contribute towards more successful batting performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Video games as “play assemblages”: applying philosophical concepts from deleuze and guattari to create a novel approach to video games
- Authors: Du Plessis, Corné
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Video games Video games -- Research , Video games -- History and criticism Video games -- Analysis, appreciation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16119 , vital:28322
- Description: The phenomena that we collectively refer to as “play” form a significant part of life at numerous levels. According to the play scholar, Johan Huizinga, play has not only been part of all human societies, it is also at the root of the development of numerous cultural activities, including structured games and sports, certain judicial and legal activities, war, and numerous forms of art. Despite its importance, play, with its various manifestations, is often relegated to being a children’s activity or an occasion of pure waste, and is a surprisingly marginalized topic in academic scholarship. In part to remedy this deficit, my aim in this thesis is to explore the comparatively new phenomenon of video games as a particular form of play. While there are undoubtedly many philosophical approaches that can respond to different aspects of the “problem” of video games, I propose that Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s philosophy of “difference” and “becoming” is particularly useful. On the one hand, Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy provides a viable framework through which to determine the limitations of the current prominent theories in the field of video game studies, which include “narratology”, “ludology”, and the more recent “hybrid approach”. On the other hand, their philosophy enables one to extend the creative and transformative potential that is inherent to a philosophical “problem”, in this case the “problem” of video games. By adapting selected Deleuzian and Deleuzoguattarian philosophical concepts, including “assemblage”, “percept”, “affect”, “transversal becoming”, and “becoming-imperceptible”, I aim to establish a philosophical framework through which different forms of play, and different video games, can be analyzed in terms of their capacity to generate “difference” and “becoming”. More specifically, I argue that video games can be understood as particular kinds of “play assemblages” that can potentially open the player to “transversal becomings”. The video games that I analyze as play assemblages that can generate “transversal becomings” are Thatgamecompany’s Flower (2009) and Journey (2012). Importantly, “transversal becomings”, understood in this instance as the “becoming-other” of human individuals, have the potential to contribute to the individual’s capacity for creative thought and action. Therefore, I argue that video games, far from being activities of pure waste, can potentially open the player to various forms of “becoming-other”, which can, in turn, increase the player’s capacity to think differently, to become different and to create differences. Ultimately, I aim to promote the value of play and video games on the one hand, and the value of Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy on the other hand, for the aim of extending the questioning power of life, and increasing our capacity to effectively respond to a continuously changing world of problems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Du Plessis, Corné
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Video games Video games -- Research , Video games -- History and criticism Video games -- Analysis, appreciation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16119 , vital:28322
- Description: The phenomena that we collectively refer to as “play” form a significant part of life at numerous levels. According to the play scholar, Johan Huizinga, play has not only been part of all human societies, it is also at the root of the development of numerous cultural activities, including structured games and sports, certain judicial and legal activities, war, and numerous forms of art. Despite its importance, play, with its various manifestations, is often relegated to being a children’s activity or an occasion of pure waste, and is a surprisingly marginalized topic in academic scholarship. In part to remedy this deficit, my aim in this thesis is to explore the comparatively new phenomenon of video games as a particular form of play. While there are undoubtedly many philosophical approaches that can respond to different aspects of the “problem” of video games, I propose that Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s philosophy of “difference” and “becoming” is particularly useful. On the one hand, Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy provides a viable framework through which to determine the limitations of the current prominent theories in the field of video game studies, which include “narratology”, “ludology”, and the more recent “hybrid approach”. On the other hand, their philosophy enables one to extend the creative and transformative potential that is inherent to a philosophical “problem”, in this case the “problem” of video games. By adapting selected Deleuzian and Deleuzoguattarian philosophical concepts, including “assemblage”, “percept”, “affect”, “transversal becoming”, and “becoming-imperceptible”, I aim to establish a philosophical framework through which different forms of play, and different video games, can be analyzed in terms of their capacity to generate “difference” and “becoming”. More specifically, I argue that video games can be understood as particular kinds of “play assemblages” that can potentially open the player to “transversal becomings”. The video games that I analyze as play assemblages that can generate “transversal becomings” are Thatgamecompany’s Flower (2009) and Journey (2012). Importantly, “transversal becomings”, understood in this instance as the “becoming-other” of human individuals, have the potential to contribute to the individual’s capacity for creative thought and action. Therefore, I argue that video games, far from being activities of pure waste, can potentially open the player to various forms of “becoming-other”, which can, in turn, increase the player’s capacity to think differently, to become different and to create differences. Ultimately, I aim to promote the value of play and video games on the one hand, and the value of Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy on the other hand, for the aim of extending the questioning power of life, and increasing our capacity to effectively respond to a continuously changing world of problems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Using computer vision to categorize tyres and estimate the number of visible tyres in tyre stockpile images
- Authors: Eastwood, Grant
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Tires -- Specifications Tires -- Recycling , Tires -- Maintenance and repair
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16022 , vital:28313
- Description: Pressures from environmental agencies contribute to the challenges associated with the disposal of waste tyres, particularly in South Africa. Recycling of waste tyres in South Africa is in its infancy resulting in the historically undocumented and uncontrolled existence of waste tyre stockpiles across the country. The remote and distant locations of such stockpiles typically complicate the logistics associated with the collection, transport and storage of waste tyres prior to entering the recycling process. In order to optimize the logistics associated with the collection of waste tyres from stockpiles, useful information about such stockpiles would include estimates of the types of tyres as well as the quantity of specific tyre types found in particular stockpiles. This research proposes the use of computer vision for categorizing individual tyres and estimating the number of visible tyres in tyre stockpile images to support the logistics in tyre recycling efforts. The study begins with a broad review of image processing and computer vision algorithms for categorization and counting objects in images. The bag of visual words (BoVW) model for categorization is tested on two small data sets of tread tyre images using a random sub-sampling holdout method. The categorization results are evaluated using performance metrics for multiclass classifiers, namely the average accuracy, precision, and recall. The results indicated that corner-based local feature detectors combined with speeded up robust features (SURF) descriptors in a BoVW model provide moderately accurate categorization of tyres based on tread images. Two feature extraction methods for extracting features for use in training neural networks (NNs) for tyre count estimations in tyre stockpiles are proposed. The two feature extraction methods are used to describe images in terms of feature vectors that can be used as input for NNs. The first feature extraction method uses the BoVW model with histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) features collected from overlapping sub-images to create a visual vocabulary and describe the images in terms of their visual word occurrence histogram. The second feature extraction method uses the image gradient magnitude, gradient orientation, and edge orientations of edges detected using the Canny edge detector. A concatenated histogram is constructed from individual histograms of gradient orientations and gradient magnitude. The histograms are then used to train NNs using backpropogation to approximate functions from the feature vectors describing the images to scalar count estimations. The accuracy of visible object count predictions are evaluated using NN evaluation techniques to determine the accuracy of predictions and the generalization ability of the fit model. The count estimation experiments using the two feature extraction methods for input to NNs showed that fairly accurate count estimations can be obtained and that the fit model could generalize fairly well to unseen images.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Eastwood, Grant
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Tires -- Specifications Tires -- Recycling , Tires -- Maintenance and repair
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16022 , vital:28313
- Description: Pressures from environmental agencies contribute to the challenges associated with the disposal of waste tyres, particularly in South Africa. Recycling of waste tyres in South Africa is in its infancy resulting in the historically undocumented and uncontrolled existence of waste tyre stockpiles across the country. The remote and distant locations of such stockpiles typically complicate the logistics associated with the collection, transport and storage of waste tyres prior to entering the recycling process. In order to optimize the logistics associated with the collection of waste tyres from stockpiles, useful information about such stockpiles would include estimates of the types of tyres as well as the quantity of specific tyre types found in particular stockpiles. This research proposes the use of computer vision for categorizing individual tyres and estimating the number of visible tyres in tyre stockpile images to support the logistics in tyre recycling efforts. The study begins with a broad review of image processing and computer vision algorithms for categorization and counting objects in images. The bag of visual words (BoVW) model for categorization is tested on two small data sets of tread tyre images using a random sub-sampling holdout method. The categorization results are evaluated using performance metrics for multiclass classifiers, namely the average accuracy, precision, and recall. The results indicated that corner-based local feature detectors combined with speeded up robust features (SURF) descriptors in a BoVW model provide moderately accurate categorization of tyres based on tread images. Two feature extraction methods for extracting features for use in training neural networks (NNs) for tyre count estimations in tyre stockpiles are proposed. The two feature extraction methods are used to describe images in terms of feature vectors that can be used as input for NNs. The first feature extraction method uses the BoVW model with histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) features collected from overlapping sub-images to create a visual vocabulary and describe the images in terms of their visual word occurrence histogram. The second feature extraction method uses the image gradient magnitude, gradient orientation, and edge orientations of edges detected using the Canny edge detector. A concatenated histogram is constructed from individual histograms of gradient orientations and gradient magnitude. The histograms are then used to train NNs using backpropogation to approximate functions from the feature vectors describing the images to scalar count estimations. The accuracy of visible object count predictions are evaluated using NN evaluation techniques to determine the accuracy of predictions and the generalization ability of the fit model. The count estimation experiments using the two feature extraction methods for input to NNs showed that fairly accurate count estimations can be obtained and that the fit model could generalize fairly well to unseen images.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
User experience guidelines for mobile natural user interfaces: a case study of physically disabled users
- Authors: Jacobs, Gershwin
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: User interfaces (Computer systems) Human-computer interaction , Mobile computing Augmented reality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17547 , vital:28377
- Description: Motor impaired people are faced with many challenges, one being the of lack integration into certain spheres of society. Access to information is seen as a major issue for the motor impaired since most forms of interaction or interactive devices are not suited to the needs of motor impaired people. People with motor impairments, like the rest of the population, are increasingly using mobile phones. As a result of the current devices and methods used for interaction with content on mobile phones, various factors prohibit a pleasant experience for users with motor impairments. To counter these factors, this study recognizes the need to implement better suited methods of interaction and navigation to improve accessibility, usability and user experience for motor impaired users. The objective of the study was to gain an understanding of the nature of motor impairments and the challenges that this group of people face when using mobile phones. Once this was determined, a solution to address this problem was found in the form of natural user interfaces. In order to gain a better understanding of this technology, various forms of NUIs and the benefits thereof were studied by the researcher in order to determine how this technology can be implemented to meet the needs of motor impaired people. To test theory, the Samsung Galaxy s5 was selected as the NUI device for the study. It must be noted that this study started in the year 2013 and the Galaxy S5 was the latest device claiming to improve interaction for disabled people at the time. This device was used in a case study that made use of various data collection methods, including participant interviews. Various motor impaired participants were requested to perform predefined tasks on the device, along with the completion of a set of user experience questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, it was found that interaction with mobile phones is an issue for people with motor impairments and that alternative methods of interaction need to be implemented. These results contributed to the final output of this study, namely a set of user experience guidelines for the design of mobile human computer interaction for motor impaired users.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Jacobs, Gershwin
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: User interfaces (Computer systems) Human-computer interaction , Mobile computing Augmented reality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17547 , vital:28377
- Description: Motor impaired people are faced with many challenges, one being the of lack integration into certain spheres of society. Access to information is seen as a major issue for the motor impaired since most forms of interaction or interactive devices are not suited to the needs of motor impaired people. People with motor impairments, like the rest of the population, are increasingly using mobile phones. As a result of the current devices and methods used for interaction with content on mobile phones, various factors prohibit a pleasant experience for users with motor impairments. To counter these factors, this study recognizes the need to implement better suited methods of interaction and navigation to improve accessibility, usability and user experience for motor impaired users. The objective of the study was to gain an understanding of the nature of motor impairments and the challenges that this group of people face when using mobile phones. Once this was determined, a solution to address this problem was found in the form of natural user interfaces. In order to gain a better understanding of this technology, various forms of NUIs and the benefits thereof were studied by the researcher in order to determine how this technology can be implemented to meet the needs of motor impaired people. To test theory, the Samsung Galaxy s5 was selected as the NUI device for the study. It must be noted that this study started in the year 2013 and the Galaxy S5 was the latest device claiming to improve interaction for disabled people at the time. This device was used in a case study that made use of various data collection methods, including participant interviews. Various motor impaired participants were requested to perform predefined tasks on the device, along with the completion of a set of user experience questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, it was found that interaction with mobile phones is an issue for people with motor impairments and that alternative methods of interaction need to be implemented. These results contributed to the final output of this study, namely a set of user experience guidelines for the design of mobile human computer interaction for motor impaired users.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Use of fungicides for the management of Uromycladium acaciae in Acacia mearnsii plantations, South Africa
- Authors: Payn, Richard Guy
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fungicides -- South Africa Acacia mearnsii -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20500 , vital:29299
- Description: South Africa has ca. 110 000 ha planted to Acacia mearnsii with 85% of the revenue from the species obtained from the timber, and 15% from the bark. Since its detection in 2013, wattle rust (recently identified as Uromycladium acaciae) has spread throughout the black wattle plantation area in KwaZulu-Natal, and from 2015 it was recorded in southern Mpumalanga. The pathogen affects trees of all age classes, causing a reduction in growth, as well as mortality with severe infection. Research has been initiated to determine a number of strategies for the management of the pathogen. These strategies include understanding wattle rust biology and epidemiology, planting tolerant or resistant black wattle, the testing and use of fungicide for management, and remote sensing and process based modelling to assess black wattle loss and high risk areas. These, with the outcomes from this research, will be combined into an overall Integrated Pest Management plan. Of the various strategies, the management of wattle rust with the use of fungicides is important, not only as it will have the potential to reduce the negative impacts of wattle rust, but it will also provide an interim solution until the other research areas provide alternative solutions. To address the current lack of fungicides available (and knowledge around their application) for the management of wattle rust, a series of trials were implemented to screen fungicides for their potential use, extend periods between the re-application of fungicide (if possible), the linking of symptoms to Disease Expression to aid with the timing of application, and the cost:benefits associated with fungicide use. Prior to the initiation of research into managing wattle rust, no fungicides were registered in South Africa for the control of wattle rust. In October / November 2014, three A. mearnsii trials were initiated in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands and SE Mpumulanga where fungicides were tested at varying rates for the control of wattle rust. Wattle rust had a significant and negative impact on tree growth, irrespective of site and/or previous infection. All fungicides tested and at all the rates applied, proved effective for control. For the most effective control of wattle rust, fungicides should be applied as a preventative, rather than corrective measure. In October 2015 a trial was initiated in southern KwaZulu-Natal to determine the effectiveness of varied application schedules and adjuvants of fungicides for the management of wattle rust. Two trials had initially been initiated but one had to be abandoned due to browsing damage. Wattle rust had a significant impact upon Groundline Diameter and Biomass Index but not Height. All of the adjuvants used and application schedules were effective in managing wattle rust. The most effective fungicide application used will therefore be based upon cost and in a manner that will reduce the likelihood of acquired resistance developing in wattle rust populations. The timing of fungicide application is necessary for optimal use of these fungicides. Fungicide applications could potentially be linked to the emergence of different wattle rust symptoms to optimize fungicide use. Wattle rust symptoms were analysed from the untreated control plots of two trials, one in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands and one in southern KwaZulu-Natal, to determine whether wattle rust Disease expression could be linked to black wattle tree growth. Regression trees were used for the analysis, as linear and multiple regression techniques would be unsuitable for the data. Regression trees were overfitted and attempts at testing the robustness of the model by cross-validation were unsuccessful. No individual symptom emerged as a significant predictor of tree growth, indicating that fungicide application should take place with the onset of any of the wattle rust symptoms tested. The results from six trials testing the use of fungicides for managing wattle rust were compared to assess costs associated with fungicide use. Relative growth for Biomass Index was compared to untreated controls to obtain comparisons within and between sites. Costs versus benefit were compared using a two-way table to determine the most optimum treatment. The largest portion of treatment costs was attributed to the cost of fungicide. No single treatment was found to be optimal for the recommended rate of application. The use of adjuvants increased the cost of treatment, without additional benefit in growth. Control of wattle rust is beneficial, although costly if over-applied. Rotation-end data is required to determine whether fungicide use is economical for managing wattle rust over an extended period of time. As a limited number of fungicides, from a limited number of fungicide groups were screened, the screening of additional fungicides from different fungicide groups will provide an additional selection of fungicides. If these are used in combination or alternation, the likelihood of acquired resistance developing among wattle rust populations will be reduced. Linking fungicide applications with wattle rust epidemiological and climatic data will aid in optimal use of fungicides, by timing applications to coincide with epidemiological and climatic cues. Rotation end research comparing final yield on fungicide treated versus untreated black wattle is needed to fully understand the economics of fungicide use. This will also aid in the understanding of the impact of wattle rust on tree age.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Payn, Richard Guy
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fungicides -- South Africa Acacia mearnsii -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20500 , vital:29299
- Description: South Africa has ca. 110 000 ha planted to Acacia mearnsii with 85% of the revenue from the species obtained from the timber, and 15% from the bark. Since its detection in 2013, wattle rust (recently identified as Uromycladium acaciae) has spread throughout the black wattle plantation area in KwaZulu-Natal, and from 2015 it was recorded in southern Mpumalanga. The pathogen affects trees of all age classes, causing a reduction in growth, as well as mortality with severe infection. Research has been initiated to determine a number of strategies for the management of the pathogen. These strategies include understanding wattle rust biology and epidemiology, planting tolerant or resistant black wattle, the testing and use of fungicide for management, and remote sensing and process based modelling to assess black wattle loss and high risk areas. These, with the outcomes from this research, will be combined into an overall Integrated Pest Management plan. Of the various strategies, the management of wattle rust with the use of fungicides is important, not only as it will have the potential to reduce the negative impacts of wattle rust, but it will also provide an interim solution until the other research areas provide alternative solutions. To address the current lack of fungicides available (and knowledge around their application) for the management of wattle rust, a series of trials were implemented to screen fungicides for their potential use, extend periods between the re-application of fungicide (if possible), the linking of symptoms to Disease Expression to aid with the timing of application, and the cost:benefits associated with fungicide use. Prior to the initiation of research into managing wattle rust, no fungicides were registered in South Africa for the control of wattle rust. In October / November 2014, three A. mearnsii trials were initiated in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands and SE Mpumulanga where fungicides were tested at varying rates for the control of wattle rust. Wattle rust had a significant and negative impact on tree growth, irrespective of site and/or previous infection. All fungicides tested and at all the rates applied, proved effective for control. For the most effective control of wattle rust, fungicides should be applied as a preventative, rather than corrective measure. In October 2015 a trial was initiated in southern KwaZulu-Natal to determine the effectiveness of varied application schedules and adjuvants of fungicides for the management of wattle rust. Two trials had initially been initiated but one had to be abandoned due to browsing damage. Wattle rust had a significant impact upon Groundline Diameter and Biomass Index but not Height. All of the adjuvants used and application schedules were effective in managing wattle rust. The most effective fungicide application used will therefore be based upon cost and in a manner that will reduce the likelihood of acquired resistance developing in wattle rust populations. The timing of fungicide application is necessary for optimal use of these fungicides. Fungicide applications could potentially be linked to the emergence of different wattle rust symptoms to optimize fungicide use. Wattle rust symptoms were analysed from the untreated control plots of two trials, one in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands and one in southern KwaZulu-Natal, to determine whether wattle rust Disease expression could be linked to black wattle tree growth. Regression trees were used for the analysis, as linear and multiple regression techniques would be unsuitable for the data. Regression trees were overfitted and attempts at testing the robustness of the model by cross-validation were unsuccessful. No individual symptom emerged as a significant predictor of tree growth, indicating that fungicide application should take place with the onset of any of the wattle rust symptoms tested. The results from six trials testing the use of fungicides for managing wattle rust were compared to assess costs associated with fungicide use. Relative growth for Biomass Index was compared to untreated controls to obtain comparisons within and between sites. Costs versus benefit were compared using a two-way table to determine the most optimum treatment. The largest portion of treatment costs was attributed to the cost of fungicide. No single treatment was found to be optimal for the recommended rate of application. The use of adjuvants increased the cost of treatment, without additional benefit in growth. Control of wattle rust is beneficial, although costly if over-applied. Rotation-end data is required to determine whether fungicide use is economical for managing wattle rust over an extended period of time. As a limited number of fungicides, from a limited number of fungicide groups were screened, the screening of additional fungicides from different fungicide groups will provide an additional selection of fungicides. If these are used in combination or alternation, the likelihood of acquired resistance developing among wattle rust populations will be reduced. Linking fungicide applications with wattle rust epidemiological and climatic data will aid in optimal use of fungicides, by timing applications to coincide with epidemiological and climatic cues. Rotation end research comparing final yield on fungicide treated versus untreated black wattle is needed to fully understand the economics of fungicide use. This will also aid in the understanding of the impact of wattle rust on tree age.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Urban resilience determinants with specific reference to the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, East London
- Authors: Ntakana, Khululekani
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: City planning -- South Africa -- East London Sustainable development -- South Africa -- East London , Regional planning -- South Africa -- East London Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa -- East London -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19495 , vital:28886
- Description: The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new democratic South Africa, bringing its own set of challenges to the country. Currently urban areas cover only one and a half percent of South Africa’s surface area. However, sixty one percent of South Africans live in urban areas. Furthermore, the average growth rate for urban areas has been consistently higher than the population growth rate during the period from 1998 to 2008. This resulted in larger towns and cities, growing at the expense of rural areas, with metropolitan areas experiencing the highest influx, followed by secondary cities. However, urban areas consume more water, food, energy, and durable goods, and have an impact far beyond the urban boundaries. This directly relates to urban decline. The rapid influx of people into urban areas that are already overcrowded with large service delivery backlogs, has led to the formation of informal settlements in exposed locations. Many of the informal dwellings in South Africa are subjected to environmental factors. The absence of basic services in overcrowded areas is linked to negative health outcomes and enhanced environmental degradation. This study is a critical review of a phenomenon named urban resilience. The report seeks to highlight the current status in cities and the transformation that cities need to undergo to enable them to become the cities of tomorrow. Indeed, “sustainable future cities and human settlements begin today”. The paper raises arguments on urban resilience by different theorists, philosophers, academics and scholars. The study proceeds to unpack the urban resilience determinants. Furthermore, the challenges cites will experience in responding to rapid urbanisation and their denial attitude to informal settlement and environmental degradation, which include how cities respond to climate change, are under investigation . The purpose of the study is to share the theoretical framework relative to the urban resilience determinants, with the intention to solicit criticism on gaps and blind spots. This is done with specific reference to Buffalo City Municipality. This study aims to contribute to the goals of municipalities by improving understanding of the drivers of urban resilience. This will, in turn, enable a city system to withstand and recover quickly from multiple and diverse shocks and stresses, and improve its performance over time. However, this study was conducted within a qualitative paradigm. The study followed a non-probability sampling technique. Categories of data sources were identified based on their probability to hold information that is crucial to the study. For each category, this study followed a 50 + 1 rule for sampling size when the population of the data sources were identified and access gained. he statistical software (SPSS) supported by a qualified statistician was used to analyse data qualitatively in attempt to answer the research question.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Ntakana, Khululekani
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: City planning -- South Africa -- East London Sustainable development -- South Africa -- East London , Regional planning -- South Africa -- East London Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa -- East London -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19495 , vital:28886
- Description: The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new democratic South Africa, bringing its own set of challenges to the country. Currently urban areas cover only one and a half percent of South Africa’s surface area. However, sixty one percent of South Africans live in urban areas. Furthermore, the average growth rate for urban areas has been consistently higher than the population growth rate during the period from 1998 to 2008. This resulted in larger towns and cities, growing at the expense of rural areas, with metropolitan areas experiencing the highest influx, followed by secondary cities. However, urban areas consume more water, food, energy, and durable goods, and have an impact far beyond the urban boundaries. This directly relates to urban decline. The rapid influx of people into urban areas that are already overcrowded with large service delivery backlogs, has led to the formation of informal settlements in exposed locations. Many of the informal dwellings in South Africa are subjected to environmental factors. The absence of basic services in overcrowded areas is linked to negative health outcomes and enhanced environmental degradation. This study is a critical review of a phenomenon named urban resilience. The report seeks to highlight the current status in cities and the transformation that cities need to undergo to enable them to become the cities of tomorrow. Indeed, “sustainable future cities and human settlements begin today”. The paper raises arguments on urban resilience by different theorists, philosophers, academics and scholars. The study proceeds to unpack the urban resilience determinants. Furthermore, the challenges cites will experience in responding to rapid urbanisation and their denial attitude to informal settlement and environmental degradation, which include how cities respond to climate change, are under investigation . The purpose of the study is to share the theoretical framework relative to the urban resilience determinants, with the intention to solicit criticism on gaps and blind spots. This is done with specific reference to Buffalo City Municipality. This study aims to contribute to the goals of municipalities by improving understanding of the drivers of urban resilience. This will, in turn, enable a city system to withstand and recover quickly from multiple and diverse shocks and stresses, and improve its performance over time. However, this study was conducted within a qualitative paradigm. The study followed a non-probability sampling technique. Categories of data sources were identified based on their probability to hold information that is crucial to the study. For each category, this study followed a 50 + 1 rule for sampling size when the population of the data sources were identified and access gained. he statistical software (SPSS) supported by a qualified statistician was used to analyse data qualitatively in attempt to answer the research question.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Uphononongo nzulu lokusetyenziswa kweenkumbulo nokulibala ngabalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezikhethiweyo zesiXhosa
- Authors: Notshe, Lwandlekazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20087 , vital:29105
- Description: Olu phando luza kuphendla ukusetyenziswa kweenkumbulo nokulibala ngabalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo zesiXhosa. Apha kuvezwa ukuba iinkumbulo zinika umkhombandlela womakwenziwe. Kuza kugocwagocwa ezi ncwadi zilandelayo: Ingalo ngokubhalwe ngu-K.S. Bongela Elundini loThukela ngokubhalwe ngu-J.J.R. Jolobe Ukuqhawuka kwembeleko ngokubhalwe ngu-D.M. Jongilanga Ingqumbo yeminyanya ngokubhalwe ngu-A.C. Jordan Bhota Nonceba ibhalwe ngu-B.B. Mafuya UMakhwekhwetha ngokubhalwe ngu-R.F. Mcimeli Umqol’ uphandle ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Umkhonto kaTshiwo ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Unyana womntu ngokubhalwe ngu- N.Saule Vuleka mhlaba ngokubhalwe nguN. Saule Imijelo yegazi ngokubhalwe ngu-Z.S. Zotwana Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ukuba ukukhumbula nokulibala luyasetyenziswa ngabantu abantetho isisiXhosa nokuba wonke umntu unazo iinkumbulo, ingaba ziinkumbulo ezimnandi okanye ezinxunguphalisayo. Isahluko sokuqala salo msebenzi siza kunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahluko siqulathe: - Ingabula-zigcawu - Iinjongo zophando - Imibuzo ekhokelele ekwenziweni kolu phando - Indlela yokwenza olu phando - Ukubaluleka kolu phando - Okuthethwa zezinye iingcali ngeenkumbulo nokulibala - Ingcaciso magama Isahluko sesibini siqulathe iingcingane yeenkumbulo, ingcingane yobume bengqondo kwakunye nengcingane yokuqonda. Kukwajongwe abasunguli bezi ngcingane nemisebenzi yabo. Isahluko sesithathu siqwalasele iinkumbulo nempembelelo yazo kwinkcubeko nasentlalweni kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo. Isahluko sesine sijonge iinkumbulo zembali yepolitiki eMzantsi Afrika. Isahluko sesihlanu sicubungula iinkumbulo nokulibala kwezomthetho. Isahluko sesithandathu nesisesokugqibela - sishwankathela iziphumo zophando kukwanikwa nezindululo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Notshe, Lwandlekazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20087 , vital:29105
- Description: Olu phando luza kuphendla ukusetyenziswa kweenkumbulo nokulibala ngabalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo zesiXhosa. Apha kuvezwa ukuba iinkumbulo zinika umkhombandlela womakwenziwe. Kuza kugocwagocwa ezi ncwadi zilandelayo: Ingalo ngokubhalwe ngu-K.S. Bongela Elundini loThukela ngokubhalwe ngu-J.J.R. Jolobe Ukuqhawuka kwembeleko ngokubhalwe ngu-D.M. Jongilanga Ingqumbo yeminyanya ngokubhalwe ngu-A.C. Jordan Bhota Nonceba ibhalwe ngu-B.B. Mafuya UMakhwekhwetha ngokubhalwe ngu-R.F. Mcimeli Umqol’ uphandle ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Umkhonto kaTshiwo ngokubhalwe ngu-M.A.P. Ngani Unyana womntu ngokubhalwe ngu- N.Saule Vuleka mhlaba ngokubhalwe nguN. Saule Imijelo yegazi ngokubhalwe ngu-Z.S. Zotwana Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ukuba ukukhumbula nokulibala luyasetyenziswa ngabantu abantetho isisiXhosa nokuba wonke umntu unazo iinkumbulo, ingaba ziinkumbulo ezimnandi okanye ezinxunguphalisayo. Isahluko sokuqala salo msebenzi siza kunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahluko siqulathe: - Ingabula-zigcawu - Iinjongo zophando - Imibuzo ekhokelele ekwenziweni kolu phando - Indlela yokwenza olu phando - Ukubaluleka kolu phando - Okuthethwa zezinye iingcali ngeenkumbulo nokulibala - Ingcaciso magama Isahluko sesibini siqulathe iingcingane yeenkumbulo, ingcingane yobume bengqondo kwakunye nengcingane yokuqonda. Kukwajongwe abasunguli bezi ngcingane nemisebenzi yabo. Isahluko sesithathu siqwalasele iinkumbulo nempembelelo yazo kwinkcubeko nasentlalweni kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo. Isahluko sesine sijonge iinkumbulo zembali yepolitiki eMzantsi Afrika. Isahluko sesihlanu sicubungula iinkumbulo nokulibala kwezomthetho. Isahluko sesithandathu nesisesokugqibela - sishwankathela iziphumo zophando kukwanikwa nezindululo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Uphononongo ngokobunzululwazi bume-ntlalo befuthe lasentshona kule mihla kwiincwadi zedrama: ekaqangule esihloko sithi “amaza” nekatamsanqa ethi “buzani kubawo.”
- Authors: Somkebe, Pindo Cynthia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation Xhosa literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20844 , vital:29406
- Description: Umba wokuguquka kwamaxesha nefuthe laseNtshona kudale uqhankqalazo, ungquzulwano novukelwano oludale unxunguphalo phakathi komzali nomntwana wakhe. Olu phando lugxile kakhulu kwincwadi kaTamsanqa ethi ‘Buzani kubawo’ nekaQangule ethi ‘Amaza’. Kuyafumaniseka ukuba ungquzulwano kwezi Drama zimbini lwenziwe kukudibana kwenkcubeko yaseNtshona neyemveli, zangquzulana. Abalinganiswa bamacala omabini baye banezinye iingqondo ezingahambelaniyo nelinye icala. Abalinganiswa abaziintloko bezi Drama zombini (ulutsha) bakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, babe abazali babo bona bekholelwa kwinkcubeko yemveli. Naxa abantu benkcubeko yemveli babeqhubeka nenkcubeko yabo yemveli, babengayithandi inkcubeko yaseNtshona eyamkelwe ngabantwana babo, ebenza ukuba bayijongele phantsi inkcubeko yabo yemveli. Apha ndizama ukuveza ukuguquka kwamaxesha ngenxa yefuthe laseNtshona okudale uqhankqalazo, ungquzulwano novukelwano phakathi komzali nomntwana nendlela oku kudala ngayo iyantlukwano ekuhlaleni naphakathi kwesizwe siphela. Oku kuza kwenziwa ngokuthi kuphononongwe nzulu ezi ncwadi zimbini zeDrama nendlela aba babhali abawudalance ngayo lo mcimbi wolu qhankqalazo. Ezinye izinto endiza kuziveza ziindlela zokuthetha ezithi zisetyenziswe ngabalinganiswa. Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi kugxeleshwe kakhulu kumagama nesigama esisetyenziswe ngaba babhali ukuzama ukuphuhlisa umxholo wabo. Unobangela wolu ngquzulwano kukuba abantu abadala abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yemveli bafuna ukuqweqwedisa abantwana abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona ukuba mabatshate ngenkani nabantu abangabathandiyo, nto leyo edale isiphelo esingekho sihle nokuphalala kwegazi kwezi Drama zimbini. Ngokuthe ngqo, ngokokucinga kwam, inkcubeko yaseAfrika ibonakala ikhuthaza ukuba ootata babenamalungelo angentla kwawoomama abashiyeka bona becinezelekile. Intwazana enguThobeka kuBuzani kubawo noNamhla kuAmaza bavezwe njengamaxhoba engcinezelo yamadoda xa bezibona sele begaxeleka emitshatweni namadoda abangawathandiyo. UThobeka utshatiswa noGugulethu angamaziyo ngenkani kuBuzani kubawo kanti uNamhla yena utshatiswa noSidima angamfuniyo, yena ezifunela uLizo wakhe kuAmaza. UThobeka uzibona ethobela abazali bakhe ngokuhamba aye eMthatha kuGugulethu ongamfuniyo kanti uyokuzibulalisa ngale ndoda kunye nabantwana athi ngabakhe. UNamhla kwelinye icala uthandana noLizo amthandayo ngoku angumfazi kaSidima, utshata noSidima ngomsesane abesele ewunikwe nguLizo. Unesibindi sokungenisa uLizo entangeni engekatshati kanti nangoku sele etshatile akayekanga ukungenisa uLizo apha kwaSidima. Apha ndiza kuveza uluvo lweengcali malunga neenkcubeko ezahlukileyo, unobangela wolu ngquzulwano neendlela ezinokwenziwa ukuthintela oku kungquzulana kule mihla siphila kuyo. Ukuqukumbela, isiphelo esibi sabalinganiswa senziwe kukunganyamezelani kwabantu abadala nabantwana benyanzelwa ngenkcubeko yemveli abangayifuniyo. Kuyinyaniso kona ukuba ngenxa yeenguqulelo ezininzi ezenzekileyo kweli, nezithe zalitshintsha ngokupheleleyo eli lizwe, uphando olutsha ngale miba lunganegalelo elikhulu. Ngoko ke, esi sifundo sigxile ekuphandeni nzulu ngendlela ephuhliswe ngayo le miba kwezi ncwadi zeDrama zimbini. Ababhali beethiyori ezahlukileyo ezisetyenziswe ekuhlalutyeni kolu phando benze kwakwazeka ukuchaza ngale miba yongquzulwano ngokunxulumene noncwadi. Inkcubeko ibonakala ingunozala nonobangela wendlela ubuni nongquzulwano obuthatyathwa ngayo ngabantu kwiintlanga zonke.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Somkebe, Pindo Cynthia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa drama -- Criticism and interpretation Xhosa literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20844 , vital:29406
- Description: Umba wokuguquka kwamaxesha nefuthe laseNtshona kudale uqhankqalazo, ungquzulwano novukelwano oludale unxunguphalo phakathi komzali nomntwana wakhe. Olu phando lugxile kakhulu kwincwadi kaTamsanqa ethi ‘Buzani kubawo’ nekaQangule ethi ‘Amaza’. Kuyafumaniseka ukuba ungquzulwano kwezi Drama zimbini lwenziwe kukudibana kwenkcubeko yaseNtshona neyemveli, zangquzulana. Abalinganiswa bamacala omabini baye banezinye iingqondo ezingahambelaniyo nelinye icala. Abalinganiswa abaziintloko bezi Drama zombini (ulutsha) bakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, babe abazali babo bona bekholelwa kwinkcubeko yemveli. Naxa abantu benkcubeko yemveli babeqhubeka nenkcubeko yabo yemveli, babengayithandi inkcubeko yaseNtshona eyamkelwe ngabantwana babo, ebenza ukuba bayijongele phantsi inkcubeko yabo yemveli. Apha ndizama ukuveza ukuguquka kwamaxesha ngenxa yefuthe laseNtshona okudale uqhankqalazo, ungquzulwano novukelwano phakathi komzali nomntwana nendlela oku kudala ngayo iyantlukwano ekuhlaleni naphakathi kwesizwe siphela. Oku kuza kwenziwa ngokuthi kuphononongwe nzulu ezi ncwadi zimbini zeDrama nendlela aba babhali abawudalance ngayo lo mcimbi wolu qhankqalazo. Ezinye izinto endiza kuziveza ziindlela zokuthetha ezithi zisetyenziswe ngabalinganiswa. Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi kugxeleshwe kakhulu kumagama nesigama esisetyenziswe ngaba babhali ukuzama ukuphuhlisa umxholo wabo. Unobangela wolu ngquzulwano kukuba abantu abadala abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yemveli bafuna ukuqweqwedisa abantwana abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona ukuba mabatshate ngenkani nabantu abangabathandiyo, nto leyo edale isiphelo esingekho sihle nokuphalala kwegazi kwezi Drama zimbini. Ngokuthe ngqo, ngokokucinga kwam, inkcubeko yaseAfrika ibonakala ikhuthaza ukuba ootata babenamalungelo angentla kwawoomama abashiyeka bona becinezelekile. Intwazana enguThobeka kuBuzani kubawo noNamhla kuAmaza bavezwe njengamaxhoba engcinezelo yamadoda xa bezibona sele begaxeleka emitshatweni namadoda abangawathandiyo. UThobeka utshatiswa noGugulethu angamaziyo ngenkani kuBuzani kubawo kanti uNamhla yena utshatiswa noSidima angamfuniyo, yena ezifunela uLizo wakhe kuAmaza. UThobeka uzibona ethobela abazali bakhe ngokuhamba aye eMthatha kuGugulethu ongamfuniyo kanti uyokuzibulalisa ngale ndoda kunye nabantwana athi ngabakhe. UNamhla kwelinye icala uthandana noLizo amthandayo ngoku angumfazi kaSidima, utshata noSidima ngomsesane abesele ewunikwe nguLizo. Unesibindi sokungenisa uLizo entangeni engekatshati kanti nangoku sele etshatile akayekanga ukungenisa uLizo apha kwaSidima. Apha ndiza kuveza uluvo lweengcali malunga neenkcubeko ezahlukileyo, unobangela wolu ngquzulwano neendlela ezinokwenziwa ukuthintela oku kungquzulana kule mihla siphila kuyo. Ukuqukumbela, isiphelo esibi sabalinganiswa senziwe kukunganyamezelani kwabantu abadala nabantwana benyanzelwa ngenkcubeko yemveli abangayifuniyo. Kuyinyaniso kona ukuba ngenxa yeenguqulelo ezininzi ezenzekileyo kweli, nezithe zalitshintsha ngokupheleleyo eli lizwe, uphando olutsha ngale miba lunganegalelo elikhulu. Ngoko ke, esi sifundo sigxile ekuphandeni nzulu ngendlela ephuhliswe ngayo le miba kwezi ncwadi zeDrama zimbini. Ababhali beethiyori ezahlukileyo ezisetyenziswe ekuhlalutyeni kolu phando benze kwakwazeka ukuchaza ngale miba yongquzulwano ngokunxulumene noncwadi. Inkcubeko ibonakala ingunozala nonobangela wendlela ubuni nongquzulwano obuthatyathwa ngayo ngabantu kwiintlanga zonke.
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- Date Issued: 2017
Uphononongo lwesimo sabalinganiswa ngokwepragmatiki kwiincwadi ezikhethiweyo zesiXhosa
- Msizi, Nontsikelelo Jeanette
- Authors: Msizi, Nontsikelelo Jeanette
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Pragmatics , Characters and characteristics in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19641 , vital:28921
- Description: Lo msebenzi uza kujonga unxibelelwano oluthi lwenzeke phakathi kwabalinganiswa abakwiincwadi zesixhosa kusetyenziswa ithiyori yonxibelelwano kujongwe ekubonisweni isimo sabalinganiswa ngokwepragmatiki kwincwadi ezimbini zesixhosa, u"Ndixoleleni" ebhalwe ngu W.N Mbovane kwakunye nethi "Buzani kuBawo" ebhalwe ngu W.K Tamsanqa. Kukholeleka ukuba amaxesha amaninzi abantu abathetha ulwimi olunye bayakwazi ukunxibelelana kodwa bangavani ngenxa yokutyeba kwentsingiselo yentetha. Ipragmatiki yona ithi ijonge umgaqo wolwimi kwindlela abathethi bolwimi abaphumeza ngayo iincoko zabo ukuze zibe nentsingiselo efanekileyo neyamkelekileyo kubo. Unxibelelwano ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto esizenzayo nasekuziphatheni kwethu kuba ubani angaziphatha ngokwendlela axelelwa ngayo okanye ayibone komnye umntu. Ingcangane yonxibelelwano ijonge nendlela ethi umyalezo, namazwi omntu athi aveze intsingiselo xa kuthethwa ngabantu. le ngcingane ikwasebenzisa iimpawu nentsingiselo uykugqithisa umyalezo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Msizi, Nontsikelelo Jeanette
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Xhosa literature Pragmatics , Characters and characteristics in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19641 , vital:28921
- Description: Lo msebenzi uza kujonga unxibelelwano oluthi lwenzeke phakathi kwabalinganiswa abakwiincwadi zesixhosa kusetyenziswa ithiyori yonxibelelwano kujongwe ekubonisweni isimo sabalinganiswa ngokwepragmatiki kwincwadi ezimbini zesixhosa, u"Ndixoleleni" ebhalwe ngu W.N Mbovane kwakunye nethi "Buzani kuBawo" ebhalwe ngu W.K Tamsanqa. Kukholeleka ukuba amaxesha amaninzi abantu abathetha ulwimi olunye bayakwazi ukunxibelelana kodwa bangavani ngenxa yokutyeba kwentsingiselo yentetha. Ipragmatiki yona ithi ijonge umgaqo wolwimi kwindlela abathethi bolwimi abaphumeza ngayo iincoko zabo ukuze zibe nentsingiselo efanekileyo neyamkelekileyo kubo. Unxibelelwano ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto esizenzayo nasekuziphatheni kwethu kuba ubani angaziphatha ngokwendlela axelelwa ngayo okanye ayibone komnye umntu. Ingcangane yonxibelelwano ijonge nendlela ethi umyalezo, namazwi omntu athi aveze intsingiselo xa kuthethwa ngabantu. le ngcingane ikwasebenzisa iimpawu nentsingiselo uykugqithisa umyalezo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Unfair dismissal in the context of a transfer of a going concern
- Authors: Mdlaka, Solomzi Siyabonga
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Employees -- Dismissal of -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19310 , vital:28848
- Description: The employment relationship between the employer and employee is regulated by individual labour law. Generally, these rules can be found in the contract of employment, the common law and legislation, subject to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (hereinafter referred to as the Constitution) provides that ‘everyone has the right to fair labour practices’.1 The term ‘fair labour practice’ is not defined in the Constitution, yet this fundamental right encompasses far more than is expressed in the narrow definition of the term in the Labour Relations Act.2 The right to fair labour practices has its origins in the equity based jurisprudence of the Industrial Court. These decisions cover the labour relations field from individual labour law to collective labour law.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mdlaka, Solomzi Siyabonga
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Employees -- Dismissal of -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19310 , vital:28848
- Description: The employment relationship between the employer and employee is regulated by individual labour law. Generally, these rules can be found in the contract of employment, the common law and legislation, subject to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (hereinafter referred to as the Constitution) provides that ‘everyone has the right to fair labour practices’.1 The term ‘fair labour practice’ is not defined in the Constitution, yet this fundamental right encompasses far more than is expressed in the narrow definition of the term in the Labour Relations Act.2 The right to fair labour practices has its origins in the equity based jurisprudence of the Industrial Court. These decisions cover the labour relations field from individual labour law to collective labour law.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Understanding suicide: a psychobiographical study of Ian Kevin Curtis
- Authors: Kitching, Philip Herman
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Psychology -- Biographical methods Personality -- Research -- Methodology , Suicide Suicidal behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18178 , vital:28583
- Description: Psychobiography can be viewed as the re-writing of an individual‟s life story previously undetected. In general, it consists of a combination of two central elements: biography and psychological theory, which aim to explain the particular individual‟s psychological development. This particular study serves to explore the extraordinary life of renowned singer and songwriter, Ian Kevin Curtis (1956-1980), who died by suicide at the early age of 23. The basis for this investigation will take the form of notable biographical accounts of the subject‟s life, together with the application of Thomas Joiner‟s (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide which identifies factors that lead to suicidal ideation - in an attempt to understand the psychological circumstances that contributed to Curtis‟s suicide. In doing so, Adler‟s (1929) theory of Individual Psychology was applied to the life of Curtis in an attempt to build on Joiner‟s theory. This led to the concept of control being introduced and contributed to the development of an intake form to identify those at risk for suicide. It is hoped that exploring the psychological circumstances that contributed to Curtis‟s suicide and their interpretation by the subject will bring about an understanding of the risk factors that may induce suicide and, by extension, will highlight the relevance of this psychobiographical study as a tool for investigating and promoting preventative measures concerning suicide. The psychobiographical data collection and analysis for this research thesis will be guided by Yin‟s (2003) theory of „analytic generalisation‟ which uses a theoretical framework in selecting relevant data which develops a matrix as a descriptive framework for organising and integrating that data, and Alexander‟s (1988) analytical model which focuses on lifting out themes through principal identifiers of salience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Kitching, Philip Herman
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Psychology -- Biographical methods Personality -- Research -- Methodology , Suicide Suicidal behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18178 , vital:28583
- Description: Psychobiography can be viewed as the re-writing of an individual‟s life story previously undetected. In general, it consists of a combination of two central elements: biography and psychological theory, which aim to explain the particular individual‟s psychological development. This particular study serves to explore the extraordinary life of renowned singer and songwriter, Ian Kevin Curtis (1956-1980), who died by suicide at the early age of 23. The basis for this investigation will take the form of notable biographical accounts of the subject‟s life, together with the application of Thomas Joiner‟s (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide which identifies factors that lead to suicidal ideation - in an attempt to understand the psychological circumstances that contributed to Curtis‟s suicide. In doing so, Adler‟s (1929) theory of Individual Psychology was applied to the life of Curtis in an attempt to build on Joiner‟s theory. This led to the concept of control being introduced and contributed to the development of an intake form to identify those at risk for suicide. It is hoped that exploring the psychological circumstances that contributed to Curtis‟s suicide and their interpretation by the subject will bring about an understanding of the risk factors that may induce suicide and, by extension, will highlight the relevance of this psychobiographical study as a tool for investigating and promoting preventative measures concerning suicide. The psychobiographical data collection and analysis for this research thesis will be guided by Yin‟s (2003) theory of „analytic generalisation‟ which uses a theoretical framework in selecting relevant data which develops a matrix as a descriptive framework for organising and integrating that data, and Alexander‟s (1988) analytical model which focuses on lifting out themes through principal identifiers of salience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Tribocorrosion properties of friction stir welded and laser welded titanium alloy
- Authors: Davoren, Brandon Hilton
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chemistry, Technical -- Research Materials -- Mechanical properties , Aluminum alloys
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33250 , vital:32605
- Description: Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V has extensive uses in aerospace, dentistry and the biomedical industry. When used in these applications there is often a need to weld two or more pieces of titanium alloy together. This can be done by either friction stir weld or laser weld methods. These welded regions are often exposed to corrosive environments in addition to factors such as induced additional mechanical wear. Thus to accurately report on the viability of the material in a specific application, the corrosion, wear and their synergistic effects need to be studied. Friction stir welding, which is a well-suited method for joining plates of Ti6Al4V, creates regions in the material that are affected differently. These regions can be described as the parent material, advancing side, retreating side and the weld zone. The tribological properties of the different friction stir weld regions were analysed in air using different loads, frequencies, experimental duration and surrounding environments. When the applied load was increased some of the weld regions showed an increase in the specific wear rate. For example, the weld zone region showed a decrease when compared to the parent material. In this tribology study the effect of the counter material was evaluated. E52100, Si3N4, SS 316 and alumina counter materials were used in the test procedure which was conducted in air on the weld regions. The parent material was found to have the highest average specific wear rates with the four counter materials when compared to the weld zone samples. The regions affected by the friction stir weld process all showed, on average, lower specific wear rates than the parent material. For the various tested samples, the coefficient of friction and material compatibility that was found to be the most stable, was the alumina ball. Owing to this as well as its chemical stability, alumina was determined to be the best material for further tribocorrosion studies. The friction stir welded samples, that were cut from a cross section of a friction stir weld plate, were analyzed in 3.5% NaCl and dilute Harrison’s solution respectively. The effect of wear on the electrochemical properties was studied under open circuit voltage (OCV) and fixed 0.2 V and 0.4 V applied potential conditions respectively. The effect of wear on the corrosion properties was studied using potentiodynamic polarization. From analyzing the friction stir weld regions in both a wear and wear-free environment, the synergistic properties, namely the effect of wear on corrosion and the effect of corrosion on wear, were able to be calculated. The first electrochemical study was performed under OCV conditions. In the presence of applied wear, the open circuit potential of the friction stir weld samples, in both 3.5% NaCl and dilute Harrison’s solution, was found to decrease from the initial stabilized value. Of interest was the rate at which the OCV recovered. It was found to follow a second order repassivation growth model which was explained in terms of an initial film growth stage, followed by a film thickening stage that results in a new OCV. The second synergized electrochemical-wear study was under fixed 0.2 V and 0.4 V applied potential conditions. In both solutions, 3.5% NaCl and dilute Harrison’s solution, a large increase in the current was observed during the applied wear experiment. The samples submerged in 3.5% NaCl were found to have higher average currents during the wear experiment than those in dilute Harrison’s solution. The rapid decrease in the current, after the applied wear ceased, was found to also follow the second order repassivation model. The electrochemical-wear synergism was done by using potentiodynamic polarization tests. The friction stir weld regions as well as the laser samples were analysed in a wear as well as a wear-free environment in order to determine the effect that wear had on the corrosion properties. In both 3.5% NaCl and dilute Harrison’s solution the corrosion rates were found to increase by 100-fold when the wear was present. The effect of the wear process on corrosion could also be described by synergistic factor, where values close to 1 would imply that applied wear had little effect on the corrosion properties and vice versa. The synergistic factors showed that the corrosion rate was greatly affected by the presence of wear with corrosion synergistic factors of 20 and upward for the friction stir welded samples. The results showed that the weld zone region had a lower corrosion rate than the parent material. This implied that the main weld zone was shown to have the least effect of wear on corrosion and would therefore show the lowest likelihood of failure due to corrosion when compared to the parent material. The wear synergistic factor was found to be between 1 and 1.6 for the friction stir weld regions. This implied that the wear rates of the friction stir welded samples were slightly affected by the presence of a corrosive environment and that the wear properties of the laser welded samples were enhanced by the presence of a corrosive environment. Similar studies performed on laser welded samples showed unusually different results due to the small nature of the laser weld region, with inconclusive results when compared to the friction stir welded samples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Davoren, Brandon Hilton
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chemistry, Technical -- Research Materials -- Mechanical properties , Aluminum alloys
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33250 , vital:32605
- Description: Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V has extensive uses in aerospace, dentistry and the biomedical industry. When used in these applications there is often a need to weld two or more pieces of titanium alloy together. This can be done by either friction stir weld or laser weld methods. These welded regions are often exposed to corrosive environments in addition to factors such as induced additional mechanical wear. Thus to accurately report on the viability of the material in a specific application, the corrosion, wear and their synergistic effects need to be studied. Friction stir welding, which is a well-suited method for joining plates of Ti6Al4V, creates regions in the material that are affected differently. These regions can be described as the parent material, advancing side, retreating side and the weld zone. The tribological properties of the different friction stir weld regions were analysed in air using different loads, frequencies, experimental duration and surrounding environments. When the applied load was increased some of the weld regions showed an increase in the specific wear rate. For example, the weld zone region showed a decrease when compared to the parent material. In this tribology study the effect of the counter material was evaluated. E52100, Si3N4, SS 316 and alumina counter materials were used in the test procedure which was conducted in air on the weld regions. The parent material was found to have the highest average specific wear rates with the four counter materials when compared to the weld zone samples. The regions affected by the friction stir weld process all showed, on average, lower specific wear rates than the parent material. For the various tested samples, the coefficient of friction and material compatibility that was found to be the most stable, was the alumina ball. Owing to this as well as its chemical stability, alumina was determined to be the best material for further tribocorrosion studies. The friction stir welded samples, that were cut from a cross section of a friction stir weld plate, were analyzed in 3.5% NaCl and dilute Harrison’s solution respectively. The effect of wear on the electrochemical properties was studied under open circuit voltage (OCV) and fixed 0.2 V and 0.4 V applied potential conditions respectively. The effect of wear on the corrosion properties was studied using potentiodynamic polarization. From analyzing the friction stir weld regions in both a wear and wear-free environment, the synergistic properties, namely the effect of wear on corrosion and the effect of corrosion on wear, were able to be calculated. The first electrochemical study was performed under OCV conditions. In the presence of applied wear, the open circuit potential of the friction stir weld samples, in both 3.5% NaCl and dilute Harrison’s solution, was found to decrease from the initial stabilized value. Of interest was the rate at which the OCV recovered. It was found to follow a second order repassivation growth model which was explained in terms of an initial film growth stage, followed by a film thickening stage that results in a new OCV. The second synergized electrochemical-wear study was under fixed 0.2 V and 0.4 V applied potential conditions. In both solutions, 3.5% NaCl and dilute Harrison’s solution, a large increase in the current was observed during the applied wear experiment. The samples submerged in 3.5% NaCl were found to have higher average currents during the wear experiment than those in dilute Harrison’s solution. The rapid decrease in the current, after the applied wear ceased, was found to also follow the second order repassivation model. The electrochemical-wear synergism was done by using potentiodynamic polarization tests. The friction stir weld regions as well as the laser samples were analysed in a wear as well as a wear-free environment in order to determine the effect that wear had on the corrosion properties. In both 3.5% NaCl and dilute Harrison’s solution the corrosion rates were found to increase by 100-fold when the wear was present. The effect of the wear process on corrosion could also be described by synergistic factor, where values close to 1 would imply that applied wear had little effect on the corrosion properties and vice versa. The synergistic factors showed that the corrosion rate was greatly affected by the presence of wear with corrosion synergistic factors of 20 and upward for the friction stir welded samples. The results showed that the weld zone region had a lower corrosion rate than the parent material. This implied that the main weld zone was shown to have the least effect of wear on corrosion and would therefore show the lowest likelihood of failure due to corrosion when compared to the parent material. The wear synergistic factor was found to be between 1 and 1.6 for the friction stir weld regions. This implied that the wear rates of the friction stir welded samples were slightly affected by the presence of a corrosive environment and that the wear properties of the laser welded samples were enhanced by the presence of a corrosive environment. Similar studies performed on laser welded samples showed unusually different results due to the small nature of the laser weld region, with inconclusive results when compared to the friction stir welded samples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Tree toppling by elephants and its consequences in thicket mosaic vegetation of Addo Elephant National Park
- Authors: Mgqatsa, Nokubonga
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Elephants -- Behavior -- South Africa -- Addo Elephant National Park Woody plants -- South Africa -- Addo Elephant National Park
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19365 , vital:28859
- Description: This study explored the extent of elephant tree toppling and possible cascading effects in Karoo Thicket Mosaic habitat in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. While the notion that elephants topple trees is well recognised, little is known about their indirect effects and the possible influence on several trophic levels. Changes brought about by elephants have the potential to influence microclimatic conditions, soil litter processes, plant community composition and other animals. Therefore, this study determined the impacts of elephants on tree toppling, and hence the production of coarse woody debris and the Coarse Woody Debris Profile. Additionally, I explored the consequences of elephant tree toppling on the plant community, small mammals and seed removal. Furthermore, I explored the potential factors facilitating the coexistence of woody plants and elephants. I compared coarse woody debris production and the Coarse Woody Debris Profile between sites with and without elephants. Further, I assessed the consequences of tree toppling in the elephant present site at a patch scale to explore the possible cascading effects of elephants. Firstly, I showed that elephants impacted woody plants through branch/stem breakages and toppling of trees, but that effects vary for different categories of the Coarse Woody Debris Profile. This result confirms the most recent findings that woody plants are at risk from elephant herbivory in Karoo Thicket Mosaic habitat. The elephant toppling effect on these landscapes is largely influenced by plant growth form, with woody trees suffering high levels of elephant toppling than shrubs of comparable size. However, toppled Pappea capensis is able to persist from being toppled by elephants, either through coppicing or resprouting. Additionally, I showed that toppled trees form discrete patches on the landscape, with altered microclimate and browsing pressures. While I detected no significant effect of these changes on plant composition and abundance within these patches, these findings indicate the possible influence of elephants on facilitating plant recruitment and altering plant communities of thicket through toppling of trees. Moreover, I showed that elephant toppling of trees provide habitat patches for small mammals, thus affecting seed removal by vertebrates within patches. These changes had no discernable effect on soil seed banks. However, they highlight the need to better understand the temporal dynamics of these patches and implications for seed dynamics and plant communities on the landscape. The results show the patterns of elephant impacts on woody plants and possible cascading effects in the presence of elephants. Therefore, the study advances our understanding of top-down effects of elephants and shows the relevance of understanding these effects in order to effectively manage elephant impacts in different systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mgqatsa, Nokubonga
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Elephants -- Behavior -- South Africa -- Addo Elephant National Park Woody plants -- South Africa -- Addo Elephant National Park
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19365 , vital:28859
- Description: This study explored the extent of elephant tree toppling and possible cascading effects in Karoo Thicket Mosaic habitat in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. While the notion that elephants topple trees is well recognised, little is known about their indirect effects and the possible influence on several trophic levels. Changes brought about by elephants have the potential to influence microclimatic conditions, soil litter processes, plant community composition and other animals. Therefore, this study determined the impacts of elephants on tree toppling, and hence the production of coarse woody debris and the Coarse Woody Debris Profile. Additionally, I explored the consequences of elephant tree toppling on the plant community, small mammals and seed removal. Furthermore, I explored the potential factors facilitating the coexistence of woody plants and elephants. I compared coarse woody debris production and the Coarse Woody Debris Profile between sites with and without elephants. Further, I assessed the consequences of tree toppling in the elephant present site at a patch scale to explore the possible cascading effects of elephants. Firstly, I showed that elephants impacted woody plants through branch/stem breakages and toppling of trees, but that effects vary for different categories of the Coarse Woody Debris Profile. This result confirms the most recent findings that woody plants are at risk from elephant herbivory in Karoo Thicket Mosaic habitat. The elephant toppling effect on these landscapes is largely influenced by plant growth form, with woody trees suffering high levels of elephant toppling than shrubs of comparable size. However, toppled Pappea capensis is able to persist from being toppled by elephants, either through coppicing or resprouting. Additionally, I showed that toppled trees form discrete patches on the landscape, with altered microclimate and browsing pressures. While I detected no significant effect of these changes on plant composition and abundance within these patches, these findings indicate the possible influence of elephants on facilitating plant recruitment and altering plant communities of thicket through toppling of trees. Moreover, I showed that elephant toppling of trees provide habitat patches for small mammals, thus affecting seed removal by vertebrates within patches. These changes had no discernable effect on soil seed banks. However, they highlight the need to better understand the temporal dynamics of these patches and implications for seed dynamics and plant communities on the landscape. The results show the patterns of elephant impacts on woody plants and possible cascading effects in the presence of elephants. Therefore, the study advances our understanding of top-down effects of elephants and shows the relevance of understanding these effects in order to effectively manage elephant impacts in different systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Traditional practices and girl education in rural Democratic Republic of Congo: exploring the voices of Luba girls
- Authors: Lubadi, Kyungu Lubaba
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Girls -- Education -- Congo (Democratic Republic) Rural schools -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Sex discrimination in education -- Congo (Democratic Republic)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18321 , vital:28619
- Description: Girl child education has been a challenge for many African countries due to the patriarchal gender order of communities. This is not different in the Democratic Republic of Congo where son preference is still rife. This study sought to explore how girls in rural Lubaland in DRC experience their schooling in relation to the traditional gendered practices. A qualitative approach to research was employed within an interpretive paradigm. Young school going girls were purposively selected from two rural schools in Malemba and Mwanza. A total of 18 girls became participants to the study. Data were generated through the use of drawings and focus group discussions to explore how the girls saw themselves as girls and students at home, on the way to school and at school. This was done in order to understand how they experience their schooling lives. The findings revealed several gendered challenges that the rural girls experience daily in terms of gaining access to and succeeding in schools. The challenge of son preference and gender role stereotyping created challenges for girls at home, while lack of facilities for girls’ sexual health and long distances to school created challenges for girls on the way to school. At school the girls experienced challenge of being unable to afford school fees and corporal punishment. If these challenges are to be eradicated, there is need for all stakeholders in education, including traditional leaders and communities to deconstruct the gendered dynamics that position women and girls as subordinate and not deserving of an education. This study has implications for educational planning in the Democratic Republic of Congo for girl children to get better access and success in their education. The findings also highlight the need for more concerted efforts to understand the experiences of schooling girls across DRC in order to influence teacher training and educational provisioning that is girl friendly.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Lubadi, Kyungu Lubaba
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Girls -- Education -- Congo (Democratic Republic) Rural schools -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Sex discrimination in education -- Congo (Democratic Republic)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18321 , vital:28619
- Description: Girl child education has been a challenge for many African countries due to the patriarchal gender order of communities. This is not different in the Democratic Republic of Congo where son preference is still rife. This study sought to explore how girls in rural Lubaland in DRC experience their schooling in relation to the traditional gendered practices. A qualitative approach to research was employed within an interpretive paradigm. Young school going girls were purposively selected from two rural schools in Malemba and Mwanza. A total of 18 girls became participants to the study. Data were generated through the use of drawings and focus group discussions to explore how the girls saw themselves as girls and students at home, on the way to school and at school. This was done in order to understand how they experience their schooling lives. The findings revealed several gendered challenges that the rural girls experience daily in terms of gaining access to and succeeding in schools. The challenge of son preference and gender role stereotyping created challenges for girls at home, while lack of facilities for girls’ sexual health and long distances to school created challenges for girls on the way to school. At school the girls experienced challenge of being unable to afford school fees and corporal punishment. If these challenges are to be eradicated, there is need for all stakeholders in education, including traditional leaders and communities to deconstruct the gendered dynamics that position women and girls as subordinate and not deserving of an education. This study has implications for educational planning in the Democratic Republic of Congo for girl children to get better access and success in their education. The findings also highlight the need for more concerted efforts to understand the experiences of schooling girls across DRC in order to influence teacher training and educational provisioning that is girl friendly.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Trade, financial development and the economic growth nexus in South Africa
- Authors: Zhanje, Stephen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: South Africa -- Economic conditions Economic development -- South Africa Finance -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13327 , vital:27175
- Description: South Africa is endowed with a well-developed and regulated financial system which compares favourably with those of other developed economies. Therefore the financial sector is intended to play a significant role in supporting the real economy, by enhancing trade and stimulating economic growth and development. Despite the existence of a stable, developed and well-regulated financial sector, the South African economy has experienced current account deficits for the past 10 years and economic growth rates have mostly trailed behind the targets prescribed by the socio-economic programs formulated and implemented since 1994. To solve the trade – financial development – economic growth nexus problem, most studies have focused on other countries while research studies on South Africa did not explicitly investigate the trade – financial development – economic growth triangle, the linkage which failed to yield the desired outcome for South Africa’s post 1994 era.Therefore, this study employs Cointegration Vector Autoregressive (CVAR) methodology to investigate the relationship between trade, financial development and economic growth in South Africa. The unit root test revealed that the variables considered in the study are I(1) variables and the Johansen cointegration test justified the existence of a long run relationship among the variables. The empirical findings indicate that imports and financial development are positively related to exports whilst economic growth is negatively related to exports. The VAR Ganger causality test has shown that there is a uni-directional causality running from financial development to economic growth, exports and imports and that imports Granger cause exports. The results of this study form the basis for further investigation into the non-performance of exports and economic growth in the nexus. The research study opens up new policy insights by suggesting that financial policy can be used to be more supportive to the production of intermediate and finished products destined for both international and domestic markets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zhanje, Stephen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: South Africa -- Economic conditions Economic development -- South Africa Finance -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13327 , vital:27175
- Description: South Africa is endowed with a well-developed and regulated financial system which compares favourably with those of other developed economies. Therefore the financial sector is intended to play a significant role in supporting the real economy, by enhancing trade and stimulating economic growth and development. Despite the existence of a stable, developed and well-regulated financial sector, the South African economy has experienced current account deficits for the past 10 years and economic growth rates have mostly trailed behind the targets prescribed by the socio-economic programs formulated and implemented since 1994. To solve the trade – financial development – economic growth nexus problem, most studies have focused on other countries while research studies on South Africa did not explicitly investigate the trade – financial development – economic growth triangle, the linkage which failed to yield the desired outcome for South Africa’s post 1994 era.Therefore, this study employs Cointegration Vector Autoregressive (CVAR) methodology to investigate the relationship between trade, financial development and economic growth in South Africa. The unit root test revealed that the variables considered in the study are I(1) variables and the Johansen cointegration test justified the existence of a long run relationship among the variables. The empirical findings indicate that imports and financial development are positively related to exports whilst economic growth is negatively related to exports. The VAR Ganger causality test has shown that there is a uni-directional causality running from financial development to economic growth, exports and imports and that imports Granger cause exports. The results of this study form the basis for further investigation into the non-performance of exports and economic growth in the nexus. The research study opens up new policy insights by suggesting that financial policy can be used to be more supportive to the production of intermediate and finished products destined for both international and domestic markets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Tourist activity preferences and market segmentation an exploratory South African study
- Authors: Nomvete, Luvuyo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Place marketing -- South Africa Tourism -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20255 , vital:29164
- Description: Successful destination marketing often begins with the development and implementation of a well-designed strategic marketing plan that promotes a targeted, cooperative and strategic approach to destination marketing. Consequently, astute destination marketers should seek to understand the needs, motives and preferences of carefully selected visitor segments, so that tourism organisations, agents and operators can identify market segments, choose target markets and position brands for marketing strategies and selling activities (Cox and Wray, 2011). This quest to understand consumer decision-making presents one of the most important challenges to success in tourism marketing. A large amount of research has been made in what Van Raaij and Crotts (1994) describe as the “economic psychology” in travel and tourism (see Hu, 1996). This study focuses on psychological and cultural influences on consumer preferences for popular tourist activities. The results of the study are important for the tourism industry as they directly affect marketing strategy. A number of authors have elaborated on the central role played by local and regional destination marketing organisations (DMOs) in helping to strengthen economic linkages in the tourism industry, to enhance collaboration, and to facilitate strategic marketing initiatives (e.g. Soteriades, 2012; Bowes in Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). One such organisation is the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency (ECPTA) based in East London, South Africa. Established in 2010 by the provincial government, the agency actively pursues “equitable low-carbon economic growth through innovation and collaboration” in both the conservation and tourism industries (ECPTA, 2015). The Eastern Cape has been dubbed the “Adventure Province” and boasts “a rich history, moderate climate, a wealth of natural resources” – an enviable combination of advantages that are leveraged in attracting visitors to the region (EC DEDEA, 2015). Among various marketing initiatives pursuant of its mandate, the ECPTA has established an online portal at www.visiteasterncape.co.za that potentially serves as an important information resource for visitors. The portal conveniently lists eight categories of tourist activities, each category linking the visitor to lists of specific offerings provided at local level in various parts of the province. A practical question that arises is the focus of the current research: Which market segments are most attracted to these offerings? The insights gleaned from the present study can thus contribute to ongoing research on approaches to improving the effectiveness of destination marketing aimed at holiday makers around the world. Previous research into the economic psychology of travel and tourism includes that of Van Raaij and Crotts (1995) whose seminal paper provides a theoretical background and delineates specific applications of the concept in the tourism industry. The framework for information processing they provide is reflected in Goodall’s outline of the tourist’s annual holiday search process (in Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). Following this thread, Mansfeld (1992) discusses the role and complex nature of motivation in travel behaviour, specifically in the stages of assessment and the elimination of destination alternatives. Gnoth’s (1997) theoretical study clarifies the relationship between tourists’ motivations and the formation of expectations, based on a discussion of the notions of drive reduction, attitudes and values. Goossens (2000) provides a conceptual model on the factors that influence the pleasure travel choice process, showing how the consumer’s disposition and marketing stimuli combine to create involvement in the information processing, which leads to hedonistic responses and motivation to travel. Various models have been developed and used to examine tourist decision making, including Mansfeld’s (1996) “value stretch” model, the LOGIT model used by Costa and Manente (1996) to evaluate the main characteristics of visitors, Tsaur and Tzeng’s (1996) multi-attribute decision making model used to analyse perceptions of service quality at hotels, the LOCAT model by Moutinho and Curry (1994) used in site location analysis and selection, and the MNL model used by Winzar et al. (1993) in analysing perceptions of transport mode attributes. Efforts to further enrich marketers’ understanding of tourist behaviour include new market segmentation methodologies developed to accurately predict tourist activity choices. Johar and Sirgy (1996) for example, introduce a technique called segment congruence analysis to help travel and tourism marketers determine the actionability of potential or viable market segments. Mazanec (1992) introduces a neural network model to classify tourists and argues that this method surpasses discriminant analysis in determining a subject’s correct segment affiliation. The present study is an effort to explore further the notion of tourist market segmentation by observing how psychographic and demographic variables work together to influence tourist activity and destination preferences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Nomvete, Luvuyo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Place marketing -- South Africa Tourism -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20255 , vital:29164
- Description: Successful destination marketing often begins with the development and implementation of a well-designed strategic marketing plan that promotes a targeted, cooperative and strategic approach to destination marketing. Consequently, astute destination marketers should seek to understand the needs, motives and preferences of carefully selected visitor segments, so that tourism organisations, agents and operators can identify market segments, choose target markets and position brands for marketing strategies and selling activities (Cox and Wray, 2011). This quest to understand consumer decision-making presents one of the most important challenges to success in tourism marketing. A large amount of research has been made in what Van Raaij and Crotts (1994) describe as the “economic psychology” in travel and tourism (see Hu, 1996). This study focuses on psychological and cultural influences on consumer preferences for popular tourist activities. The results of the study are important for the tourism industry as they directly affect marketing strategy. A number of authors have elaborated on the central role played by local and regional destination marketing organisations (DMOs) in helping to strengthen economic linkages in the tourism industry, to enhance collaboration, and to facilitate strategic marketing initiatives (e.g. Soteriades, 2012; Bowes in Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). One such organisation is the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency (ECPTA) based in East London, South Africa. Established in 2010 by the provincial government, the agency actively pursues “equitable low-carbon economic growth through innovation and collaboration” in both the conservation and tourism industries (ECPTA, 2015). The Eastern Cape has been dubbed the “Adventure Province” and boasts “a rich history, moderate climate, a wealth of natural resources” – an enviable combination of advantages that are leveraged in attracting visitors to the region (EC DEDEA, 2015). Among various marketing initiatives pursuant of its mandate, the ECPTA has established an online portal at www.visiteasterncape.co.za that potentially serves as an important information resource for visitors. The portal conveniently lists eight categories of tourist activities, each category linking the visitor to lists of specific offerings provided at local level in various parts of the province. A practical question that arises is the focus of the current research: Which market segments are most attracted to these offerings? The insights gleaned from the present study can thus contribute to ongoing research on approaches to improving the effectiveness of destination marketing aimed at holiday makers around the world. Previous research into the economic psychology of travel and tourism includes that of Van Raaij and Crotts (1995) whose seminal paper provides a theoretical background and delineates specific applications of the concept in the tourism industry. The framework for information processing they provide is reflected in Goodall’s outline of the tourist’s annual holiday search process (in Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). Following this thread, Mansfeld (1992) discusses the role and complex nature of motivation in travel behaviour, specifically in the stages of assessment and the elimination of destination alternatives. Gnoth’s (1997) theoretical study clarifies the relationship between tourists’ motivations and the formation of expectations, based on a discussion of the notions of drive reduction, attitudes and values. Goossens (2000) provides a conceptual model on the factors that influence the pleasure travel choice process, showing how the consumer’s disposition and marketing stimuli combine to create involvement in the information processing, which leads to hedonistic responses and motivation to travel. Various models have been developed and used to examine tourist decision making, including Mansfeld’s (1996) “value stretch” model, the LOGIT model used by Costa and Manente (1996) to evaluate the main characteristics of visitors, Tsaur and Tzeng’s (1996) multi-attribute decision making model used to analyse perceptions of service quality at hotels, the LOCAT model by Moutinho and Curry (1994) used in site location analysis and selection, and the MNL model used by Winzar et al. (1993) in analysing perceptions of transport mode attributes. Efforts to further enrich marketers’ understanding of tourist behaviour include new market segmentation methodologies developed to accurately predict tourist activity choices. Johar and Sirgy (1996) for example, introduce a technique called segment congruence analysis to help travel and tourism marketers determine the actionability of potential or viable market segments. Mazanec (1992) introduces a neural network model to classify tourists and argues that this method surpasses discriminant analysis in determining a subject’s correct segment affiliation. The present study is an effort to explore further the notion of tourist market segmentation by observing how psychographic and demographic variables work together to influence tourist activity and destination preferences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Tool wear monitoring in machining of stainless steel
- Authors: Odedeyi Peter Babatunde
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mechanical wear Machine-tools -- Monitoring
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEng
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15900 , vital:28288
- Description: monitoring systems for automated machines must be capable of operating on-line and interpret the working condition of machining process at a given point in time because it is an automated and unmanned system. But this has posed a challenge that lead to this research study. Generally, optimization of machining process can be categorized as minimization of tool wear, minimization of operating cost, maximization of process output and optimization of machine parameter. Tool wear is a complex phenomenon, capable of reducing surface quality, increases power consumption and increased reflection rate of machined parts. Tool wear has a direct effect on the quality of the surface finish for any given work-piece, dimensional precision and ultimately the cost of parts produced. Tool wear usually occur in combination with the principal wear mode which depends on cutting conditions, tool insert geometry, work piece and tool material. Therefore, there is a need to develop a continuous tool monitoring systems that would notify operator the state of tool to avoid tool failure or undesirable circumstances. Tool wear monitoring system for macro-milling has been studied using design and analysis of experiment (DOE) approach. Regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Box Behnken and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). These analysis tools were used to model the tool wear. Hence, further investigations were carried out on the data acquired using signal processing and Neural networks frame work to validate the model. The effects of cutting parameters are evaluated and the optimal cutting conditions are determined. The interaction of cutting parameters is established to illustrate the intrinsic relationship between cutting parameters, tool wear and material removal rate. It was observed that when working with stainless steel 316, a maximum tool wear value of 0.29mm was achieved through optimization at low values of feed about 0.06mm/rev, speed of 4050mm/min and depth of cut about 2mm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Odedeyi Peter Babatunde
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mechanical wear Machine-tools -- Monitoring
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEng
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15900 , vital:28288
- Description: monitoring systems for automated machines must be capable of operating on-line and interpret the working condition of machining process at a given point in time because it is an automated and unmanned system. But this has posed a challenge that lead to this research study. Generally, optimization of machining process can be categorized as minimization of tool wear, minimization of operating cost, maximization of process output and optimization of machine parameter. Tool wear is a complex phenomenon, capable of reducing surface quality, increases power consumption and increased reflection rate of machined parts. Tool wear has a direct effect on the quality of the surface finish for any given work-piece, dimensional precision and ultimately the cost of parts produced. Tool wear usually occur in combination with the principal wear mode which depends on cutting conditions, tool insert geometry, work piece and tool material. Therefore, there is a need to develop a continuous tool monitoring systems that would notify operator the state of tool to avoid tool failure or undesirable circumstances. Tool wear monitoring system for macro-milling has been studied using design and analysis of experiment (DOE) approach. Regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Box Behnken and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). These analysis tools were used to model the tool wear. Hence, further investigations were carried out on the data acquired using signal processing and Neural networks frame work to validate the model. The effects of cutting parameters are evaluated and the optimal cutting conditions are determined. The interaction of cutting parameters is established to illustrate the intrinsic relationship between cutting parameters, tool wear and material removal rate. It was observed that when working with stainless steel 316, a maximum tool wear value of 0.29mm was achieved through optimization at low values of feed about 0.06mm/rev, speed of 4050mm/min and depth of cut about 2mm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017