Evaluating intrapreneurship levels at an Eastern Cape automotive manufacturing plant
- Authors: Barnard, Christiaan Beautry
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Business incubators -- South Africa Entrepreneurship -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14960 , vital:28023
- Description: The term automotive industry is an umbrella term for concerns and undertakings contributing to the manufacturing of motor vehicles. This includes components such as engines, electronics, harnesses, interiors and shells, but excludes consumables such as tires, batteries and fuel. The local automotive industry is one of South Africa’s most profitable industries, funding more than 7% of the country’s GDP and contributing towards almost 12% of South Africa's manufacturing exports. Many multinational automotive manufacturers have invested in South Africa. This has allowed them to be strategically placed with the intention to source components, assemble and produce vehicles locally for the South African and other world markets. Due to the current contributions and its potential to grow the South African economy, the South African administration has recognised the automotive industry as an important sector. The South African government introduced the Motor Industry Development Programme during 1994 and the Automotive Production and Development Programme since 2013 to further stimulate the market and investment and further aims to increase the local production of vehicles to 1.2 million units per year as part of its 2020 vision. When considering the global competition, from China and Eastern Europe, it is imperative for the South African manufacturers to pursue and implement innovative practices to ensure that they can be competitive in the global arena, to retain and attract more multinational manufacturers to invest in the country and to ensure the future of existing multinational manufacturing facilities. Many scholars agree that intrapreneurship, also known as corporate entrepreneurship, is an approach which has the ability to help organisations to be more innovative and can guarantee competitiveness. Intrapreneurship is a valid and important aspect of entrepreneurial research. The subject of intrapreneurship can be divided into several key areas: 1. The individual operating as an intrapreneur within an organisation, focusing on his or her traits and the acknowledgement and support received within the organisation; 2. The conceptualisation and implementation of innovative projects from inside the organisation, focusing on the different departments and business units within the organisation’s corporate structure; 3. The entrepreneurial organisation, focusing on the core characteristics of the organisation. This study explores the concept of intrapreneurship, by consulting existing literature and then measuring the levels of intrapreneurship at a German automotive manufacturing plant in the Eastern Cape. To ensure anonymity of the organisation in which the study is conducted, it will be referred to as Company X. Currently no studies focused on intrapreneurship have been conducted within Company X. Innovative practices are not demonstrated as much as desired at the local manufacturing plant of company X and the levels of intrapreneurship within the manufacturing plant are currently still unknown. With the automotive industry being such an important contributor to the South African economy, it might be beneficial to do a similar study pertaining to multiple companies within the industry and value chain. This can assist in creating a bigger awareness within the industry, so that the affected organisations can have a more intrapreneurial approach towards business. The study can furthermore be adapted to consider a more technical approach of production facilities within South Africa and the intrapreneurial approach and innovations implemented to insure productivity and future investments, locally and international, within the production sector of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Barnard, Christiaan Beautry
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Business incubators -- South Africa Entrepreneurship -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14960 , vital:28023
- Description: The term automotive industry is an umbrella term for concerns and undertakings contributing to the manufacturing of motor vehicles. This includes components such as engines, electronics, harnesses, interiors and shells, but excludes consumables such as tires, batteries and fuel. The local automotive industry is one of South Africa’s most profitable industries, funding more than 7% of the country’s GDP and contributing towards almost 12% of South Africa's manufacturing exports. Many multinational automotive manufacturers have invested in South Africa. This has allowed them to be strategically placed with the intention to source components, assemble and produce vehicles locally for the South African and other world markets. Due to the current contributions and its potential to grow the South African economy, the South African administration has recognised the automotive industry as an important sector. The South African government introduced the Motor Industry Development Programme during 1994 and the Automotive Production and Development Programme since 2013 to further stimulate the market and investment and further aims to increase the local production of vehicles to 1.2 million units per year as part of its 2020 vision. When considering the global competition, from China and Eastern Europe, it is imperative for the South African manufacturers to pursue and implement innovative practices to ensure that they can be competitive in the global arena, to retain and attract more multinational manufacturers to invest in the country and to ensure the future of existing multinational manufacturing facilities. Many scholars agree that intrapreneurship, also known as corporate entrepreneurship, is an approach which has the ability to help organisations to be more innovative and can guarantee competitiveness. Intrapreneurship is a valid and important aspect of entrepreneurial research. The subject of intrapreneurship can be divided into several key areas: 1. The individual operating as an intrapreneur within an organisation, focusing on his or her traits and the acknowledgement and support received within the organisation; 2. The conceptualisation and implementation of innovative projects from inside the organisation, focusing on the different departments and business units within the organisation’s corporate structure; 3. The entrepreneurial organisation, focusing on the core characteristics of the organisation. This study explores the concept of intrapreneurship, by consulting existing literature and then measuring the levels of intrapreneurship at a German automotive manufacturing plant in the Eastern Cape. To ensure anonymity of the organisation in which the study is conducted, it will be referred to as Company X. Currently no studies focused on intrapreneurship have been conducted within Company X. Innovative practices are not demonstrated as much as desired at the local manufacturing plant of company X and the levels of intrapreneurship within the manufacturing plant are currently still unknown. With the automotive industry being such an important contributor to the South African economy, it might be beneficial to do a similar study pertaining to multiple companies within the industry and value chain. This can assist in creating a bigger awareness within the industry, so that the affected organisations can have a more intrapreneurial approach towards business. The study can furthermore be adapted to consider a more technical approach of production facilities within South Africa and the intrapreneurial approach and innovations implemented to insure productivity and future investments, locally and international, within the production sector of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Evaluating neuropsychiatric symptomology in HIV-positive patients on efavirenz in public-sector clinics and psychiatric hospitals
- Gaida, Razia, Grobler, Christoffel
- Authors: Gaida, Razia , Grobler, Christoffel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Drugs -- Side effects -- South Africa , HIV (Viruses) -- Enzymes , Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa , Anti-infective agents -- Side effects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29772 , vital:30776
- Description: Background: South Africa has the highest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the world. In 2014, an estimated 10.2% of the population was HIV-positive which amounted to 5.51 million people. Efavirenz forms part of the triple therapy backbone used in South Africa and is part of the firstline treatment for HIV. Efavirenz has been strongly associated with causing neuropsychiatric side effects in at least 50.0% of patients to whom it is prescribed. These side effects cause hesitation amongst healthcare professionals to prescribe this agent to patients with active mental illnesses. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the neuropsychiatric side effects of efavirenz in HIV-positive psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients and to determine whether this drug may be recommended for use in an HIV-positive psychiatric patient population. Method: The study was divided into two parts, namely a quantitative portion and a qualitative portion. The quantitative study was a prospective drug utilisation study, while the qualitative portion consisted of semi-structured interviews carried out with healthcare professionals working with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The study included five municipal clinics in the Nelson Mandela Metropole as well as two public-sector psychiatric facilities in the Eastern Cape where medical records were reviewed to obtain the information required. Patients were followed in both instances for a period of 24 weeks with follow-up assessments carried out at two, four, 12 and 24 week intervals. In terms of the qualitative study, nurses at the clinics and doctors at the hospitals were contacted and appointments for interviews were made. The interviews were recorded using a voice recorder and were transcribed and analysed using theoretical framework analysis. Results: The review of 126 medical records at the clinics revealed that no patient had suffered from or complained of a neuropsychiatric side effect. This may indicate that patients were not suffering from clinically significant side effects, side effects were not being adequately recorded by healthcare staff, or the healthcare staff were not questioning patients regarding side effects. A total of 26 hospitalised patients were followed for 24 weeks in the psychiatric facilities. Almost half of the patients using efavirenz experienced an improvement in symptoms to the extent that they were iii discharged from the facility. The majority of patients (66.7%) not on an efavirenzcontaining regimen did not improve to the point of discharge. Healthcare staff were vague when providing a definition of neuropsychiatric side effects. There were conflicting ideas on whether or not efavirenz should be used in patients with an active psychiatric illness. Conclusions: Further studies need to be performed in public-sector institutions to obtain a clearer picture of the side effects experienced by patients using efavirenz. Healthcare staff need to be encouraged to keep complete records to allow for meaningful analysis. The further integration of mental health services into existing HIV programmes is essential for holistic treatment. Patients in psychiatric hospitals demonstrated that even patients with psychiatric disorders on efavirenz can experience positive outcomes and stabilisation of psychiatric symptoms, which may indicate that these may not have due to efavirenz use. Further elucidation concerning the use of efavirenz in patients with psychiatric disorders, a description of the neuropsychiatric side effects, as well as management strategies must be provided in subsequent HIV guidelines.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Gaida, Razia , Grobler, Christoffel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Drugs -- Side effects -- South Africa , HIV (Viruses) -- Enzymes , Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa , Anti-infective agents -- Side effects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29772 , vital:30776
- Description: Background: South Africa has the highest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the world. In 2014, an estimated 10.2% of the population was HIV-positive which amounted to 5.51 million people. Efavirenz forms part of the triple therapy backbone used in South Africa and is part of the firstline treatment for HIV. Efavirenz has been strongly associated with causing neuropsychiatric side effects in at least 50.0% of patients to whom it is prescribed. These side effects cause hesitation amongst healthcare professionals to prescribe this agent to patients with active mental illnesses. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the neuropsychiatric side effects of efavirenz in HIV-positive psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients and to determine whether this drug may be recommended for use in an HIV-positive psychiatric patient population. Method: The study was divided into two parts, namely a quantitative portion and a qualitative portion. The quantitative study was a prospective drug utilisation study, while the qualitative portion consisted of semi-structured interviews carried out with healthcare professionals working with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The study included five municipal clinics in the Nelson Mandela Metropole as well as two public-sector psychiatric facilities in the Eastern Cape where medical records were reviewed to obtain the information required. Patients were followed in both instances for a period of 24 weeks with follow-up assessments carried out at two, four, 12 and 24 week intervals. In terms of the qualitative study, nurses at the clinics and doctors at the hospitals were contacted and appointments for interviews were made. The interviews were recorded using a voice recorder and were transcribed and analysed using theoretical framework analysis. Results: The review of 126 medical records at the clinics revealed that no patient had suffered from or complained of a neuropsychiatric side effect. This may indicate that patients were not suffering from clinically significant side effects, side effects were not being adequately recorded by healthcare staff, or the healthcare staff were not questioning patients regarding side effects. A total of 26 hospitalised patients were followed for 24 weeks in the psychiatric facilities. Almost half of the patients using efavirenz experienced an improvement in symptoms to the extent that they were iii discharged from the facility. The majority of patients (66.7%) not on an efavirenzcontaining regimen did not improve to the point of discharge. Healthcare staff were vague when providing a definition of neuropsychiatric side effects. There were conflicting ideas on whether or not efavirenz should be used in patients with an active psychiatric illness. Conclusions: Further studies need to be performed in public-sector institutions to obtain a clearer picture of the side effects experienced by patients using efavirenz. Healthcare staff need to be encouraged to keep complete records to allow for meaningful analysis. The further integration of mental health services into existing HIV programmes is essential for holistic treatment. Patients in psychiatric hospitals demonstrated that even patients with psychiatric disorders on efavirenz can experience positive outcomes and stabilisation of psychiatric symptoms, which may indicate that these may not have due to efavirenz use. Further elucidation concerning the use of efavirenz in patients with psychiatric disorders, a description of the neuropsychiatric side effects, as well as management strategies must be provided in subsequent HIV guidelines.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Evaluating the automotive production development programme of the automotive component manufacturing industry: envisaged future interventions
- Authors: Fokker, Cornelis Dirk
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- Developing countries , Sustainable development -- Developing countries , Production management -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15215 , vital:28179
- Description: The automotive component manufacturer's (ACM's) operations are not sustainable due to their competitiveness, only determined by price. for ACM's to be competitive, effective government incentives in the automotive industry need to be present. The study was undertaken to provide a blueprint for change required in government incentives.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Fokker, Cornelis Dirk
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade -- Developing countries , Sustainable development -- Developing countries , Production management -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15215 , vital:28179
- Description: The automotive component manufacturer's (ACM's) operations are not sustainable due to their competitiveness, only determined by price. for ACM's to be competitive, effective government incentives in the automotive industry need to be present. The study was undertaken to provide a blueprint for change required in government incentives.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
Evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of performance management and development system, Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Dlelaphantsi, Vuyokazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Performance -- Management Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15522 , vital:28266
- Description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the Performance Management System, since its inception and to date, with regards to the advancement of organisational goals and objectives through employee development, as well as resource allocation for service delivery to the residents of the Amathole District Municipality (ADM). The concept of performance management is key for achieving organisational goals and objectives, since it seeks to develop employees by identifying areas of strengths and weakness. The study is based on the assumption that although municipalities are different, and their approach to performance management particularly individual performance differs. This study therefore is based on the assumption that, levels of poor service delivery, and the consequent service delivery protests experienced in the ADM, can be ascribed to a poor linkage between annual performance planning and the assessment of municipal officials. Annual organisational performance, and individual performance planning and output, is not commensurate. Furthermore, a lack of correlation between these variables has led to the poor implementation of basic services and good governance, which has resulted in low levels of citizen satisfaction with the ADM. The empirical survey and research methodology used in the study is described and explained and followed by the data collection in a form of questionnaires. The research findings from the empirical survey are then analysed and reported accordingly. Recommendations are presented in the last chapter based on the empirical survey findings through the respondent’s inputs in the questionnaire. Recommendations are therefore also presented on how Amathole District Municipality can improve its business to achieve the objectives performance management. The key recommendation that came from the study is that ADM planning should be executed in collaboration with other government departments, government agencies, municipalities, private sector and NGOs, in order to maximize chances of achieving effective and efficient service delivery in communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Dlelaphantsi, Vuyokazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Performance -- Management Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15522 , vital:28266
- Description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the Performance Management System, since its inception and to date, with regards to the advancement of organisational goals and objectives through employee development, as well as resource allocation for service delivery to the residents of the Amathole District Municipality (ADM). The concept of performance management is key for achieving organisational goals and objectives, since it seeks to develop employees by identifying areas of strengths and weakness. The study is based on the assumption that although municipalities are different, and their approach to performance management particularly individual performance differs. This study therefore is based on the assumption that, levels of poor service delivery, and the consequent service delivery protests experienced in the ADM, can be ascribed to a poor linkage between annual performance planning and the assessment of municipal officials. Annual organisational performance, and individual performance planning and output, is not commensurate. Furthermore, a lack of correlation between these variables has led to the poor implementation of basic services and good governance, which has resulted in low levels of citizen satisfaction with the ADM. The empirical survey and research methodology used in the study is described and explained and followed by the data collection in a form of questionnaires. The research findings from the empirical survey are then analysed and reported accordingly. Recommendations are presented in the last chapter based on the empirical survey findings through the respondent’s inputs in the questionnaire. Recommendations are therefore also presented on how Amathole District Municipality can improve its business to achieve the objectives performance management. The key recommendation that came from the study is that ADM planning should be executed in collaboration with other government departments, government agencies, municipalities, private sector and NGOs, in order to maximize chances of achieving effective and efficient service delivery in communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Evaluating the importance of mangroves as fish nurseries in selected warm temperate South African estuaries
- Authors: Muller, Cuen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mangrove ecology -- South Africa Mangrove fisheries -- South Africa , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12080 , vital:27029
- Description: The value of mangrove habitats as fish nurseries was assessed by comparing communities of early stage and juvenile fishes between estuaries with and without mangroves. Early stage fishes were sampled using boat-based plankton towing while juveniles were sampled by seine netting. Sampling took place at five sites spaced 1 km apart starting near the estuary mouth in four estuaries along the temperate coastline of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Four estuaries were selected based on shared similarities which included catchment area, estuarine area and shared habitats barring the presence of mangroves which occupied the river margins of two systems. Results revealed that early stage and juvenile fish communities (both marine- and estuary-spawned) were similar between systems with and without mangrove habitats. Differences in fish communities among estuaries were rather attributed to axial salinity gradients associated with greater freshwater input, while season and temperature produced significant variances in fish densities with Generalised Additive Models revealing responses of communities to these variables. A common estuarine-dependent fish, Rhabdosargus holubi (Family Sparidae), was further investigated to determine habitat use, residency and dietary patterns in different mangrove habitats. High habitat residency in this species was revealed during a short-term tagging study using Visible Implant Elastomer tags and long-term isotope analysis in juveniles sampled from two contrasting mangrove habitats. A wider feeding niche was observed in an eelgrass-red mangrove connected habitat when compared with more exposed white mangrove areas. Low dependence on mangrove habitats in temperate estuaries is likely due to their tidally dominated inundation and limited refuge potential due to smaller area coverage by mangroves in temperate estuaries. Relatively lower primary productivity in warm temperate mangrove areas, relative to their tropical counterparts, provides no significant feeding advantage or refuge opportunities relative to other available habitats in these estuaries. Warm temperate estuaries, which are both spatially and temporally highly variable, instead host species which are habitat generalists, able to capitalise on these highly dynamic environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Muller, Cuen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mangrove ecology -- South Africa Mangrove fisheries -- South Africa , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12080 , vital:27029
- Description: The value of mangrove habitats as fish nurseries was assessed by comparing communities of early stage and juvenile fishes between estuaries with and without mangroves. Early stage fishes were sampled using boat-based plankton towing while juveniles were sampled by seine netting. Sampling took place at five sites spaced 1 km apart starting near the estuary mouth in four estuaries along the temperate coastline of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Four estuaries were selected based on shared similarities which included catchment area, estuarine area and shared habitats barring the presence of mangroves which occupied the river margins of two systems. Results revealed that early stage and juvenile fish communities (both marine- and estuary-spawned) were similar between systems with and without mangrove habitats. Differences in fish communities among estuaries were rather attributed to axial salinity gradients associated with greater freshwater input, while season and temperature produced significant variances in fish densities with Generalised Additive Models revealing responses of communities to these variables. A common estuarine-dependent fish, Rhabdosargus holubi (Family Sparidae), was further investigated to determine habitat use, residency and dietary patterns in different mangrove habitats. High habitat residency in this species was revealed during a short-term tagging study using Visible Implant Elastomer tags and long-term isotope analysis in juveniles sampled from two contrasting mangrove habitats. A wider feeding niche was observed in an eelgrass-red mangrove connected habitat when compared with more exposed white mangrove areas. Low dependence on mangrove habitats in temperate estuaries is likely due to their tidally dominated inundation and limited refuge potential due to smaller area coverage by mangroves in temperate estuaries. Relatively lower primary productivity in warm temperate mangrove areas, relative to their tropical counterparts, provides no significant feeding advantage or refuge opportunities relative to other available habitats in these estuaries. Warm temperate estuaries, which are both spatially and temporally highly variable, instead host species which are habitat generalists, able to capitalise on these highly dynamic environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Evaluating the safety climate effects on employee safety behaviour in ESKOM distribution Eastern Cape operating unit
- Authors: Rondganger, Aron Dominique
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) Industrial safety -- South Africa , Employee health promotion -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47755 , vital:40368
- Description: Work-related injuries have a significant social and economic impact on organisations and countries. Safety climate has been found to be the leading indicator to predict employee safety behaviour in an effort to reduce incidents and injuries. The organisation selected has implemented a health and safety strategy that includes a safety management system that defines safety practices. There has been an improvement seen at an organisation level, however this improvement is not wide spread. The aim of this study is to understand the role of safety climate and its effect on safety behaviour within the Eastern Cape Operating Unit. The sample only consisted of employees from the organisation selected for this study. A stratified sampling method was chosen and three hundred (300) questionnaires were distributed to managers (10), supervisors (20) and field workers (270). A total of two hundred and seventy eight employees (92.7% response rate) participated in the study consisting of nine managers (90% response rate), seventeen supervisors (85% response rate) and two hundred and forty-nine field workers (92.2% response rate). The empirical results show that organisational-level safety climate has a significant influence on team-level safety climate. The overall safety climate within the organisation was not high and the safety climate perceptions of managers, supervisors and field workers were not related. Organisation-level and team-level safety climate was found to influence safety behaviour. The results also revealed that the compliance and participation safety behaviours reported by managers, supervisors and field workers are high. It was further discovered that the safety behaviours of these three groups are related. The implementation of the recommendations that were highlighted from these results would have a significant improvement in the organisation’s safety climate and this would lead to reduced unsafe acts and safety related incidents in the workplace.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Rondganger, Aron Dominique
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) Industrial safety -- South Africa , Employee health promotion -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47755 , vital:40368
- Description: Work-related injuries have a significant social and economic impact on organisations and countries. Safety climate has been found to be the leading indicator to predict employee safety behaviour in an effort to reduce incidents and injuries. The organisation selected has implemented a health and safety strategy that includes a safety management system that defines safety practices. There has been an improvement seen at an organisation level, however this improvement is not wide spread. The aim of this study is to understand the role of safety climate and its effect on safety behaviour within the Eastern Cape Operating Unit. The sample only consisted of employees from the organisation selected for this study. A stratified sampling method was chosen and three hundred (300) questionnaires were distributed to managers (10), supervisors (20) and field workers (270). A total of two hundred and seventy eight employees (92.7% response rate) participated in the study consisting of nine managers (90% response rate), seventeen supervisors (85% response rate) and two hundred and forty-nine field workers (92.2% response rate). The empirical results show that organisational-level safety climate has a significant influence on team-level safety climate. The overall safety climate within the organisation was not high and the safety climate perceptions of managers, supervisors and field workers were not related. Organisation-level and team-level safety climate was found to influence safety behaviour. The results also revealed that the compliance and participation safety behaviours reported by managers, supervisors and field workers are high. It was further discovered that the safety behaviours of these three groups are related. The implementation of the recommendations that were highlighted from these results would have a significant improvement in the organisation’s safety climate and this would lead to reduced unsafe acts and safety related incidents in the workplace.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Evaluation of medicine safety reporting systems in South Africa
- Thornborrow-Geswind, Kirsten
- Authors: Thornborrow-Geswind, Kirsten
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Drugs -- Side effects -- Research -- South Africa Pharmacoepidemiology -- Research -- South Africa , Medicine -- South Africa -- Safety measures Public health -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21439 , vital:29517
- Description: Pharmacovigilance is “the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem”. To date, no comprehensive study has been performed to evaluate the pharmacovigilance system in the public health sector in South Africa. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the current status of pharmacovigilance systems within the public healthcare sector in South Africa, and the level of functioning of these systems, in order to provide relevant recommendations, where necessary, for improvement, using the Indicator-based Pharmacogivilance Assessment Tool (IPAT). National and provincial entities were deemed compulsory (n=14), while facilities were selected via random, stratified sampling to obtain a representation at each facility level (n=101). The IPAT was amended for relevance at each level of data collection. Indicators are classified as core and supplementary and compliance with core indicators shows the level of functioning National entities obtained an IPAT score of 36 out of a maximum of 72, achieving 50% compliance. Province D and Province G obtained overall IPAT scores of 29 and 12 respectively out of a maximum of 40, achieving an overall 72.5% and 30% compliance respectively Results at provincial and facility levels were not fully representative due to a limited response rate of 22.2% and 65.3% respectively. Regional/tertiary facilities and district facilities displayed increased awareness and implementation of pharmacovigilance activity than the lower levels of Community Health Centres (CHCs) and Primary Health Centres (PHCs). South Africa”s public healthcare system possesses the infrastructure for a well functioning pharmacovigilance system. However there are gaps in level of functioning at a national, provincial and facility level. Addressing these gaps would show a marked improvement in the system and go a long way towards the contribution of medicine safety information not only locally, but to aid other developing nations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Thornborrow-Geswind, Kirsten
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Drugs -- Side effects -- Research -- South Africa Pharmacoepidemiology -- Research -- South Africa , Medicine -- South Africa -- Safety measures Public health -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21439 , vital:29517
- Description: Pharmacovigilance is “the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem”. To date, no comprehensive study has been performed to evaluate the pharmacovigilance system in the public health sector in South Africa. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the current status of pharmacovigilance systems within the public healthcare sector in South Africa, and the level of functioning of these systems, in order to provide relevant recommendations, where necessary, for improvement, using the Indicator-based Pharmacogivilance Assessment Tool (IPAT). National and provincial entities were deemed compulsory (n=14), while facilities were selected via random, stratified sampling to obtain a representation at each facility level (n=101). The IPAT was amended for relevance at each level of data collection. Indicators are classified as core and supplementary and compliance with core indicators shows the level of functioning National entities obtained an IPAT score of 36 out of a maximum of 72, achieving 50% compliance. Province D and Province G obtained overall IPAT scores of 29 and 12 respectively out of a maximum of 40, achieving an overall 72.5% and 30% compliance respectively Results at provincial and facility levels were not fully representative due to a limited response rate of 22.2% and 65.3% respectively. Regional/tertiary facilities and district facilities displayed increased awareness and implementation of pharmacovigilance activity than the lower levels of Community Health Centres (CHCs) and Primary Health Centres (PHCs). South Africa”s public healthcare system possesses the infrastructure for a well functioning pharmacovigilance system. However there are gaps in level of functioning at a national, provincial and facility level. Addressing these gaps would show a marked improvement in the system and go a long way towards the contribution of medicine safety information not only locally, but to aid other developing nations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Experiences of analogue-trained radiographers utilising digital imaging in projection radiography
- Authors: Campbell, Sydney
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Radiography, Medical -- Digital techniques Angiography , Image processing -- Digital techniques Radiography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14796 , vital:27851
- Description: The professional work of a radiographer encompasses both patient care and the use of technology. The technology employed could either be analogue or digital technology. Since 1973, the analogue imaging system has slowly been replaced by digital radiography imaging systems. Despite the many advantages of digital imaging it does present the radiographer with added responsibilities. Furthermore, analogue-trained radiographers have found adjusting to digital imaging especially challenging. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of analogue-trained radiographers utilising digital imaging in projection radiography with the intention of developing guidelines to equip radiography managers to assist analogue-trained radiographers to better utilise digital imaging. The researcher used Schlossberg’s Transition Theory as a lens to look at the experiences of analogue-trained radiographers using digital imaging to produce radiographs. The research study used a qualitative design which was explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The target population included all diagnostic radiographers (public and private) in the local municipality who were registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Purposive sampling was employed to select the radiographers that represented all radiographers in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. The sample included all radiographers who fulfilled the identified selection criteria. The selected participants were recruited to take part in in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews. The data was analysed using a computer-aided qualitative data analysis software package, ATLAS.ti. The trustworthiness of this study was ensured by applying Guba’s model of trustworthiness that includes credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence and justice, as espoused by the Belmont Report, were adhered to in order to ensure that the study was conducted in an ethical manner. Two themes emanated from the data, namely the evolution of the radiographer when faced with the advances in technology as well the role that the work environment played in the manner that the participants experienced the change. The experiences of the participants were described using direct quotations from the interviews and a literature control was used to verify the participants’ experiences. Evidence was found of radiographer indifference towards exposure selection, dose optimisation and placement of anatomical side markers when utilising digital imaging. Finally, guidelines were developed to equip radiography managers to assist analogue-trained radiographers to better utilise digital imaging. In addition, the guidelines will assist all other radiographers to better utilise digital imaging.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Campbell, Sydney
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Radiography, Medical -- Digital techniques Angiography , Image processing -- Digital techniques Radiography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14796 , vital:27851
- Description: The professional work of a radiographer encompasses both patient care and the use of technology. The technology employed could either be analogue or digital technology. Since 1973, the analogue imaging system has slowly been replaced by digital radiography imaging systems. Despite the many advantages of digital imaging it does present the radiographer with added responsibilities. Furthermore, analogue-trained radiographers have found adjusting to digital imaging especially challenging. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of analogue-trained radiographers utilising digital imaging in projection radiography with the intention of developing guidelines to equip radiography managers to assist analogue-trained radiographers to better utilise digital imaging. The researcher used Schlossberg’s Transition Theory as a lens to look at the experiences of analogue-trained radiographers using digital imaging to produce radiographs. The research study used a qualitative design which was explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The target population included all diagnostic radiographers (public and private) in the local municipality who were registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Purposive sampling was employed to select the radiographers that represented all radiographers in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. The sample included all radiographers who fulfilled the identified selection criteria. The selected participants were recruited to take part in in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews. The data was analysed using a computer-aided qualitative data analysis software package, ATLAS.ti. The trustworthiness of this study was ensured by applying Guba’s model of trustworthiness that includes credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence and justice, as espoused by the Belmont Report, were adhered to in order to ensure that the study was conducted in an ethical manner. Two themes emanated from the data, namely the evolution of the radiographer when faced with the advances in technology as well the role that the work environment played in the manner that the participants experienced the change. The experiences of the participants were described using direct quotations from the interviews and a literature control was used to verify the participants’ experiences. Evidence was found of radiographer indifference towards exposure selection, dose optimisation and placement of anatomical side markers when utilising digital imaging. Finally, guidelines were developed to equip radiography managers to assist analogue-trained radiographers to better utilise digital imaging. In addition, the guidelines will assist all other radiographers to better utilise digital imaging.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Experiences of health care professionals at Mdantsane sub-district primary health care clinics regarding the unavailability of medicines
- Authors: Mpengesi, Luvokazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Physician and patient -- South Africa -- East London Primary care (Medicine) -- South Africa -- East London , Communication in medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19619 , vital:28907
- Description: Medicine unavailability, also known as stock-outs is a global problem. South Africa is not exempt from this problem which impacts negatively on the way in which healthcare services are rendered, more especially in the public sector. Communities are complaining about the unavailability of medicines at public health facilities particularly in primary health care clinics. In an effort to address this problem, the Minister of Health has declared medicine availability as one of the six priorities of the Department of Health. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences and perceptions of healthcare professionals practicing at primary healthcare clinics in a peri-urban area of the Eastern Cape regarding the unavailability of medicines. Understanding the experiences and perceptions was expected to assist in addressing the problem at hand and help management in developing ways to address the problem and support the employees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals working at primary health care clinics in and around Mdantsane Township in the Eastern Cape. The main findings of the study can be divided into the following topics: perceived causes of medicine stock-outs, the implications of stock shortages, actions taken in the case of stock-outs and the role to play by in mitigating the impact of stock shortages. The limitations of the study include the research sample which was not truly representative of all healthcare professionals working at Mdantsane sub-district primary healthcare clinics. The study recommends various strategies that management should follow to assist in addressing medicine shortages. The researcher recommends further research to describe the experiences of healthcare professional regarding medicine unavailability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mpengesi, Luvokazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Physician and patient -- South Africa -- East London Primary care (Medicine) -- South Africa -- East London , Communication in medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19619 , vital:28907
- Description: Medicine unavailability, also known as stock-outs is a global problem. South Africa is not exempt from this problem which impacts negatively on the way in which healthcare services are rendered, more especially in the public sector. Communities are complaining about the unavailability of medicines at public health facilities particularly in primary health care clinics. In an effort to address this problem, the Minister of Health has declared medicine availability as one of the six priorities of the Department of Health. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences and perceptions of healthcare professionals practicing at primary healthcare clinics in a peri-urban area of the Eastern Cape regarding the unavailability of medicines. Understanding the experiences and perceptions was expected to assist in addressing the problem at hand and help management in developing ways to address the problem and support the employees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals working at primary health care clinics in and around Mdantsane Township in the Eastern Cape. The main findings of the study can be divided into the following topics: perceived causes of medicine stock-outs, the implications of stock shortages, actions taken in the case of stock-outs and the role to play by in mitigating the impact of stock shortages. The limitations of the study include the research sample which was not truly representative of all healthcare professionals working at Mdantsane sub-district primary healthcare clinics. The study recommends various strategies that management should follow to assist in addressing medicine shortages. The researcher recommends further research to describe the experiences of healthcare professional regarding medicine unavailability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Experiences of primary caregivers of children with Down syndrome in the Kwazakhele community
- Authors: Gobeni, Babalwa Cynthia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Children with mental disabilities -- Care -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Caregivers -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Down syndrome -- Care -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15127 , vital:28142
- Description: The unique physical features of the child with Down syndrome (DS) may lead to stigmatization and social isolation of the child, as well as their entire families. A child with DS may require some help and constant attention from the primary caregiver and may even be permanently dependent, depending on the severity of DS. The researcher has explored and described the experiences of primary caregivers of children with DS in the Kwazakhele community while caring for these children. The research study employed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design. The research population included primary caregivers of children with DS who were between ages of two years and older because a DS diagnosis can be delayed and only be discovered later in life. Purposive sampling was used to select the research participants. The data was collected using in-depth one-on-one interviews, and all interviews were recorded using a voice recorder. Thematic analysis as a version of content analysis was used, meaning the researcher used themes and sub-themes to analyze data with the help of an independent coder. A pilot study was conducted before undertaking the actual research using the same methods and designs as those of the main study. Strategies were implemented throughout the study to ensure trustworthiness and adherence to ethical principles. The study findings revealed that the participants experienced diverse emotions upon initially finding out that their child has DS. The participants indicated that they had to modify their lives including having to give up their personal lives just to ensure that their children got the best care and their full attention. It appeared that some participants got full support from their partners and families, while other participants had no support system. With further exploration, it emerged that the study participants shared some positive experiences with their children with DS. However, they indicated a need for relevant education facilities for their children as well as community support. Recommendations were made with regard to nursing education, nursing practice and nursing research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Gobeni, Babalwa Cynthia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Children with mental disabilities -- Care -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Caregivers -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Down syndrome -- Care -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15127 , vital:28142
- Description: The unique physical features of the child with Down syndrome (DS) may lead to stigmatization and social isolation of the child, as well as their entire families. A child with DS may require some help and constant attention from the primary caregiver and may even be permanently dependent, depending on the severity of DS. The researcher has explored and described the experiences of primary caregivers of children with DS in the Kwazakhele community while caring for these children. The research study employed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design. The research population included primary caregivers of children with DS who were between ages of two years and older because a DS diagnosis can be delayed and only be discovered later in life. Purposive sampling was used to select the research participants. The data was collected using in-depth one-on-one interviews, and all interviews were recorded using a voice recorder. Thematic analysis as a version of content analysis was used, meaning the researcher used themes and sub-themes to analyze data with the help of an independent coder. A pilot study was conducted before undertaking the actual research using the same methods and designs as those of the main study. Strategies were implemented throughout the study to ensure trustworthiness and adherence to ethical principles. The study findings revealed that the participants experienced diverse emotions upon initially finding out that their child has DS. The participants indicated that they had to modify their lives including having to give up their personal lives just to ensure that their children got the best care and their full attention. It appeared that some participants got full support from their partners and families, while other participants had no support system. With further exploration, it emerged that the study participants shared some positive experiences with their children with DS. However, they indicated a need for relevant education facilities for their children as well as community support. Recommendations were made with regard to nursing education, nursing practice and nursing research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Experiences of professional nurses regarding the implementation of the re-engineering of the primary health care programme in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District
- Authors: Reid, Nolita
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nurses -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Primary health care -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Public health -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19927 , vital:29009
- Description: As a clinic supervisor overseeing a cluster of clinics in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD), the researcher observed a number of problems with the implementation of the re-engineering of the primary health care (RPHC) programme. The problems observed include inadequate supervision of RPHC staff, poor communication and conflict between clinic and RPHC staff, failure to filter RPHC statistics into clinic statistics and the incorrect management of patients by RPHC staff. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore and describe the experiences of professional nurses regarding the implementation of the RPHC programme in the NMBHD and to make recommendations the district manager could use to address the research findings. The study used a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design. The research population consisted of professional nurses who are implementing the RPHC programme in the NMBHD, and the sampling technique was a non-probability, purposive technique for the selection of the research sample. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data and Tesch’s model respectively. The researcher adhered to ethical considerations throughout the study and ensured trustworthiness of the data by using the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. Three themes were identified; namely; the professional nurses expression of their concerns regarding poor working conditions; issues regarding the community health workers and their positive experiences associated with the RPHC programme. The study concludes with recommendations made to the District manager with regard to nursing practice, as well as recommendations to nursing education and research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Reid, Nolita
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nurses -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Primary health care -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Public health -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19927 , vital:29009
- Description: As a clinic supervisor overseeing a cluster of clinics in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD), the researcher observed a number of problems with the implementation of the re-engineering of the primary health care (RPHC) programme. The problems observed include inadequate supervision of RPHC staff, poor communication and conflict between clinic and RPHC staff, failure to filter RPHC statistics into clinic statistics and the incorrect management of patients by RPHC staff. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore and describe the experiences of professional nurses regarding the implementation of the RPHC programme in the NMBHD and to make recommendations the district manager could use to address the research findings. The study used a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design. The research population consisted of professional nurses who are implementing the RPHC programme in the NMBHD, and the sampling technique was a non-probability, purposive technique for the selection of the research sample. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data and Tesch’s model respectively. The researcher adhered to ethical considerations throughout the study and ensured trustworthiness of the data by using the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. Three themes were identified; namely; the professional nurses expression of their concerns regarding poor working conditions; issues regarding the community health workers and their positive experiences associated with the RPHC programme. The study concludes with recommendations made to the District manager with regard to nursing practice, as well as recommendations to nursing education and research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Experiences of professional nurses regarding the use of mobile technology for accessing information at the point of care clinical decision making
- Authors: Lindi, Ntombizodwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nursing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Mobile communication systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural health services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45399 , vital:38613
- Description: The research has provided valuable insight into the experiences of professional nurses regarding use of mobile technology for accessing health information at the point of care in clinical decision making at rural primary health clinics. The ability to access health information enabled them to render accurate and safe patient care. Recommendations were made with regard to nursing practice, education and research. Innovative strategies such as the use of mobile technology have been employed in order to access health information at the point of care for clinical decision making in 2012 in the rural primary health care clinics by the Department of Health in the Eastern Cape Province. Retrieval of information from mobile technology is perceived as being useful for clinical decision making and could result in positive patient outcomes. In this study the researcher explored and described the professional nurses’ experiences of using smart for accessing information in clinical decision making at rural primary health care clinics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Lindi, Ntombizodwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nursing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Mobile communication systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural health services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45399 , vital:38613
- Description: The research has provided valuable insight into the experiences of professional nurses regarding use of mobile technology for accessing health information at the point of care in clinical decision making at rural primary health clinics. The ability to access health information enabled them to render accurate and safe patient care. Recommendations were made with regard to nursing practice, education and research. Innovative strategies such as the use of mobile technology have been employed in order to access health information at the point of care for clinical decision making in 2012 in the rural primary health care clinics by the Department of Health in the Eastern Cape Province. Retrieval of information from mobile technology is perceived as being useful for clinical decision making and could result in positive patient outcomes. In this study the researcher explored and described the professional nurses’ experiences of using smart for accessing information in clinical decision making at rural primary health care clinics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Experiential learning in an undergraduate BPHARM programme: impact of an intervention on academic achievement
- Authors: McCartney, Jane Alison
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Pharmacy -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Experiential learning -- South Africa , Academic achievement -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19037 , vital:28767
- Description: The extended role of today’s pharmacist with the emphasis on patient-focused care has highlighted the need for increased exposure of undergraduate pharmacy students to experiential learning in patient-centred environments, and additional skills development in therapeutics, problem solving and clinical decision making. At the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), final year pharmacy students complete a university-coordinated, hospital-based, structured experiential learning programme (ELP) for the exit-level module, Pharmacology4. However, the students consistently experience difficulties in the application of pharmacological knowledge during the transition from lecture-based learning to the patient-focused clinical setting. The student population at the NMMU is diverse, with varied cultural, ethnic, language and secondary level education backgrounds, as well as different learning preferences and approaches. The extent to which these factors affect academic achievement in the experiential learning environment is unknown. Central research question The central research question for this study was therefore, “What would be the effect of an intervention aimed at supporting undergraduate pharmacy students during clinical placements, on academic achievement in, and student attitudes towards, experiential learning programmes (ELP)?” In order to explore the research question, several factors which may influence academic achievement in ELPs were investigated, namely: academic achievement (pre-university, in the BPharm programme and, in pharmacology); the admission route into the BPharm programme and the subsequent rate of academic progression; English reading comprehension ability; learning styles; problem solving ability; the extent to which students are prepared for application of knowledge in the ELP, in terms of assessment methods used prior to the final year and previous pharmacy work-based experience. In addition, the students’ lived experience of the ELP was explored, and the need for, and nature of, an intervention was determined. The research was based in a pragmatic paradigm, using an advanced mixed methods approach. An intervention-based, two-phase, quasi-experimental design was employed with an initial exploratory Preliminary Phase (in 2013) preceding the larger experimental framework (Phases One and Two, in 2014 and 2015 respectively). The research design was primarily quantitative, with pre- and post- testing conducted before and after the ELP. The ELP was completed by the comparator cohort in Phase One and the experimental cohort in Phase Two. Supplementary qualitative data was collected before, during and after the ELP. The intervention, in the form of supplementary academic support sessions, was developed from the qualitative data using an iterative approach, and implemented during the ELP in Phase Two. Attitudes and expectations of the students towards the hospital-based ELP were generally positive and realistic. Areas of concern included the difficulties experienced in the application and integration of pharmacological knowledge, both in the clinical setting and the clinical case study-based assessments; students feeling overwhelmed, inadequate and inferior in the clinical environment, compounded by an absence of clinical pharmacists as role models; and feeling unprepared for patient-focused care. The qualitative data strongly supported the need for supplementary academic support sessions. The intervention was developed and implemented in Phase Two, using patient case-based, active learning strategies. The majority of students (91.0%; n = 104) reported improved case analysis skills. A statistically significant (p = .030, Cohen’s d = 0.34) improvement was noted in the summative Pharmacology4 assessment marks obtained by the experimental cohort post-intervention, although of small practical significance. Predictors of academic achievement in the ELP were found to be language, specifically English reading comprehension skills, academic achievement in the BPharm programme and pharmacology, the university admission score, the rate of academic progression, and problem solving ability. Previous pharmacy-based work experience and assessment questions requiring application of knowledge were also found to influence achievement in the ELP. The need for an intervention in the form of supplementary academic support sessions was confirmed. The intervention was subsequently developed and successfully implemented, with student-reported self-perceived improvements in patient case analysis skills. These positive findings were supported by quantitative data which showed a statistically significant improvement in academic achievement in the ELP. Several predictors of academic achievement in the ELP were identified, and invaluable insight was gained into the nature of the difficulties experienced by pharmacy students in the transition from lecture-based learning to experiential learning in patient-focused environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: McCartney, Jane Alison
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Pharmacy -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Experiential learning -- South Africa , Academic achievement -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19037 , vital:28767
- Description: The extended role of today’s pharmacist with the emphasis on patient-focused care has highlighted the need for increased exposure of undergraduate pharmacy students to experiential learning in patient-centred environments, and additional skills development in therapeutics, problem solving and clinical decision making. At the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), final year pharmacy students complete a university-coordinated, hospital-based, structured experiential learning programme (ELP) for the exit-level module, Pharmacology4. However, the students consistently experience difficulties in the application of pharmacological knowledge during the transition from lecture-based learning to the patient-focused clinical setting. The student population at the NMMU is diverse, with varied cultural, ethnic, language and secondary level education backgrounds, as well as different learning preferences and approaches. The extent to which these factors affect academic achievement in the experiential learning environment is unknown. Central research question The central research question for this study was therefore, “What would be the effect of an intervention aimed at supporting undergraduate pharmacy students during clinical placements, on academic achievement in, and student attitudes towards, experiential learning programmes (ELP)?” In order to explore the research question, several factors which may influence academic achievement in ELPs were investigated, namely: academic achievement (pre-university, in the BPharm programme and, in pharmacology); the admission route into the BPharm programme and the subsequent rate of academic progression; English reading comprehension ability; learning styles; problem solving ability; the extent to which students are prepared for application of knowledge in the ELP, in terms of assessment methods used prior to the final year and previous pharmacy work-based experience. In addition, the students’ lived experience of the ELP was explored, and the need for, and nature of, an intervention was determined. The research was based in a pragmatic paradigm, using an advanced mixed methods approach. An intervention-based, two-phase, quasi-experimental design was employed with an initial exploratory Preliminary Phase (in 2013) preceding the larger experimental framework (Phases One and Two, in 2014 and 2015 respectively). The research design was primarily quantitative, with pre- and post- testing conducted before and after the ELP. The ELP was completed by the comparator cohort in Phase One and the experimental cohort in Phase Two. Supplementary qualitative data was collected before, during and after the ELP. The intervention, in the form of supplementary academic support sessions, was developed from the qualitative data using an iterative approach, and implemented during the ELP in Phase Two. Attitudes and expectations of the students towards the hospital-based ELP were generally positive and realistic. Areas of concern included the difficulties experienced in the application and integration of pharmacological knowledge, both in the clinical setting and the clinical case study-based assessments; students feeling overwhelmed, inadequate and inferior in the clinical environment, compounded by an absence of clinical pharmacists as role models; and feeling unprepared for patient-focused care. The qualitative data strongly supported the need for supplementary academic support sessions. The intervention was developed and implemented in Phase Two, using patient case-based, active learning strategies. The majority of students (91.0%; n = 104) reported improved case analysis skills. A statistically significant (p = .030, Cohen’s d = 0.34) improvement was noted in the summative Pharmacology4 assessment marks obtained by the experimental cohort post-intervention, although of small practical significance. Predictors of academic achievement in the ELP were found to be language, specifically English reading comprehension skills, academic achievement in the BPharm programme and pharmacology, the university admission score, the rate of academic progression, and problem solving ability. Previous pharmacy-based work experience and assessment questions requiring application of knowledge were also found to influence achievement in the ELP. The need for an intervention in the form of supplementary academic support sessions was confirmed. The intervention was subsequently developed and successfully implemented, with student-reported self-perceived improvements in patient case analysis skills. These positive findings were supported by quantitative data which showed a statistically significant improvement in academic achievement in the ELP. Several predictors of academic achievement in the ELP were identified, and invaluable insight was gained into the nature of the difficulties experienced by pharmacy students in the transition from lecture-based learning to experiential learning in patient-focused environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Exploring acyl azides chemistry in continuous flow systems
- Authors: Sagandira, Cloudius Ray
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Organic compounds -- Synthesis Flow chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12065 , vital:27028
- Description: Organic azides are important in the synthesis of many target molecules of great use in fine chemical and pharmaceutical production. The use of this class of compounds is however limited due to their hazardous nature and many safety concerns, as they are highly exothermic. Micro reactors can handle exotherms extremely well, due to the inherent high surface area to volume ratio, unlike the conventional batch process. This dissertation therefore aims to investigate the safe application of micro reactors in acyl azide chemistry.With this in mind, Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive background on organic azides, reaction calorimetric studies, flow chemistry technology (micro reactors) and their theoretical advantages. This chapter also discusses the preparation of organic azides in continuous flow systems and scaling up in continuous flow systems. Chapter 2 illustrates and discusses multivariate optimisation of benzoyl azide synthesis as a model reaction, synthesis of other acyl azides using the model reaction optimised conditions and multistep synthesis of carbamates, amides and amines in continuous flow systems via the Curtius rearrangement of benzoyl azide formed in situ from benzoyl chloride and sodium azide. The chapter also discusses process hazards analysis and evaluation of benzoyl azide synthesis and decomposition using calorimetric studies. It also investigates and discusses the effects of different mixing regimes and channel sizes on scale up. Chapter 3 has comprehensive experimental details for the whole dissertation with Chapter 4 providing the concluding remarks and future work recommendations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Sagandira, Cloudius Ray
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Organic compounds -- Synthesis Flow chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12065 , vital:27028
- Description: Organic azides are important in the synthesis of many target molecules of great use in fine chemical and pharmaceutical production. The use of this class of compounds is however limited due to their hazardous nature and many safety concerns, as they are highly exothermic. Micro reactors can handle exotherms extremely well, due to the inherent high surface area to volume ratio, unlike the conventional batch process. This dissertation therefore aims to investigate the safe application of micro reactors in acyl azide chemistry.With this in mind, Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive background on organic azides, reaction calorimetric studies, flow chemistry technology (micro reactors) and their theoretical advantages. This chapter also discusses the preparation of organic azides in continuous flow systems and scaling up in continuous flow systems. Chapter 2 illustrates and discusses multivariate optimisation of benzoyl azide synthesis as a model reaction, synthesis of other acyl azides using the model reaction optimised conditions and multistep synthesis of carbamates, amides and amines in continuous flow systems via the Curtius rearrangement of benzoyl azide formed in situ from benzoyl chloride and sodium azide. The chapter also discusses process hazards analysis and evaluation of benzoyl azide synthesis and decomposition using calorimetric studies. It also investigates and discusses the effects of different mixing regimes and channel sizes on scale up. Chapter 3 has comprehensive experimental details for the whole dissertation with Chapter 4 providing the concluding remarks and future work recommendations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Exploring best practices for crisis communication
- Authors: Hlela, Nomfundo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Communication in organizations Corporations -- Public relations , Crisis management Communication in management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15060 , vital:28118
- Description: In the past few decades, corporate crises have received high media attention and revealed the impact that a disaster can have on a company’s reputation. A breadth of scholarly literature has already analysed crisis communications and key elements of an effective response. In this study I examine crisis communications strategies of two companies (British Petroleum and Domino’s Pizza) who responded differently when faced with a crisis. The study will explore the companies’ actions and various media materials including public statements, press releases and social media platforms. This information will be presented alongside corresponding news coverage to reveal how the media translated these actions. Results show that by accepting responsibility and marketing efforts to stop the disaster, a corporation can transform its communication strategy and recover its reputation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Hlela, Nomfundo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Communication in organizations Corporations -- Public relations , Crisis management Communication in management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15060 , vital:28118
- Description: In the past few decades, corporate crises have received high media attention and revealed the impact that a disaster can have on a company’s reputation. A breadth of scholarly literature has already analysed crisis communications and key elements of an effective response. In this study I examine crisis communications strategies of two companies (British Petroleum and Domino’s Pizza) who responded differently when faced with a crisis. The study will explore the companies’ actions and various media materials including public statements, press releases and social media platforms. This information will be presented alongside corresponding news coverage to reveal how the media translated these actions. Results show that by accepting responsibility and marketing efforts to stop the disaster, a corporation can transform its communication strategy and recover its reputation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Exploring counterfeit versus authentic purchases of youth consumers
- Authors: Koeberg, Richenda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Brand name products Young consumers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18805 , vital:28725
- Description: The purpose of this research was to explore counterfeit versus authentic luxury branded products from the perspective of consumers’ choice and social influence. Africa’s high level of domestic poverty has been one of the crucial factors for encouraging the import of counterfeit products (Meeking, 2013). In 2011, South Africa had estimated the counterfeit industry to be at R3.60 billion; and it is currently viewed as the world’s fastest growing industry (Le Cordeur, 2012; News24, 2011). Research on the purchases of counterfeit and authentic luxury brands has focused primarily on the supply side; however, this assumes that consumers are unaware of counterfeits. The aim was to explore whether consumers are able to distinguish between authentic and counterfeit products. In addition, the research also aimed to explore: 1) Youth consumers’ perceptions of luxury brands; 2) the attitudes of youth consumers towards counterfeit luxury brands; 3) the behaviour of youth consumers towards counterfeit products in general; and 4) the perceived influence of functional or status utility products on purchase behaviour. Therefore To methods of analysis was used; first a discrimination test was conducted and analysed using basic descriptive statistics were used. And second, a qualitative research methodology was adopted, from a social constructionist paradigm. Four focus-group interviews were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. The results from the thematic analysis identified five themes, namely: 1) The conceptualisation of counterfeits; 2) conceptualising luxury brands; 3) attitudes towards counterfeit-branded products; 4) consumer decision-making styles; 5) status; and 6) post-purchase behaviour. This empirical study forms a foundation for future research on this phenomenon in the current context. Additionally, manufacturers should be aware of the impact of selling defect branded products on consumers’ conceptualisation of counterfeits. Marketers should also focus on the salient role of sneakers as status symbols among youth consumers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Koeberg, Richenda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Brand name products Young consumers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18805 , vital:28725
- Description: The purpose of this research was to explore counterfeit versus authentic luxury branded products from the perspective of consumers’ choice and social influence. Africa’s high level of domestic poverty has been one of the crucial factors for encouraging the import of counterfeit products (Meeking, 2013). In 2011, South Africa had estimated the counterfeit industry to be at R3.60 billion; and it is currently viewed as the world’s fastest growing industry (Le Cordeur, 2012; News24, 2011). Research on the purchases of counterfeit and authentic luxury brands has focused primarily on the supply side; however, this assumes that consumers are unaware of counterfeits. The aim was to explore whether consumers are able to distinguish between authentic and counterfeit products. In addition, the research also aimed to explore: 1) Youth consumers’ perceptions of luxury brands; 2) the attitudes of youth consumers towards counterfeit luxury brands; 3) the behaviour of youth consumers towards counterfeit products in general; and 4) the perceived influence of functional or status utility products on purchase behaviour. Therefore To methods of analysis was used; first a discrimination test was conducted and analysed using basic descriptive statistics were used. And second, a qualitative research methodology was adopted, from a social constructionist paradigm. Four focus-group interviews were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. The results from the thematic analysis identified five themes, namely: 1) The conceptualisation of counterfeits; 2) conceptualising luxury brands; 3) attitudes towards counterfeit-branded products; 4) consumer decision-making styles; 5) status; and 6) post-purchase behaviour. This empirical study forms a foundation for future research on this phenomenon in the current context. Additionally, manufacturers should be aware of the impact of selling defect branded products on consumers’ conceptualisation of counterfeits. Marketers should also focus on the salient role of sneakers as status symbols among youth consumers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Exploring HIV and AIDS workplace programmes in the tourism industry of Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Mahlangeni, Iviwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention and control -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Prevention and control -- South Africa , Tourism -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Health Programmes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9197 , vital:26473
- Description: The aim of this study was to explore and describe HIV and AIDS workplace programmes and policies (WPPs) in the tourism industry of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) in South Africa. This study adopted a quantitative and qualitative approach, in other words, a mixed approach. The reason for using more than one method of inquiry was to obtain a deeper understanding of the tourism industry of NMBM in terms of examined behaviour, and of the meaning of occurrences in the industry. To gather qualitative data concerning HIV and AIDS programmes, key informant stakeholders in the tourism industry at global, national, provincial, and local levels were identified to conduct in-depth interviews. These respondents were selected using the non-probability sampling method of quota sampling. This is a type of stratified sampling in which the selection of the strata within the sample is not random, but rather is typically left to the discretion of the interviewer (Wienclaw, 2015). One respondent for each level of the industry was selected, resulting in four key informant stakeholders participating in the qualitative research component of this study. The initial criterion for participation in the quantitative portion for this study was that tourism businesses based in NMBM must be able to produce robust evidence of HIV and AIDS WPPs. The researcher selected the probability sampling method of stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. This technique considers the known characteristics of the population (Wienclaw, 2015). A database of tourism businesses was obtained from the local tourism organisation, who are members of the governing body for local tourism. This database was cleaned, to eliminate any data that did not meet the participation criterion for the study. Ten per cent of the total number of businesses in the cleaned database were sampled. The simplest approach to sampling is to merely randomly select from the population by, for example, having a computer choose names at random from a list, or by selecting names from a hat (Wienclaw, 2015). Therefore, every fifth business listed on the sampled database was selected to participate. Unfortunately, surveys tend to have notoriously low return rates, and people are frequently reluctant to give out information over the phone. This was also the case for most of the tourism businesses in the sample. When emailed or telephoned, they refused to participate for various reasons. Some stated that HIV does not affect their business; others reported that their businesses were too small and therefore they could not afford to implement these programmes. Some businesses were hearing about the WPP for the very first time, while several others responded with simple disinterest in participating. The findings of the study are that although tourism is viewed as an important industry that contributes to the economy, tourism businesses do not include any intervention programmes with which to respond to the threat of HIV and AIDS to their businesses. Additionally, there is neither leadership nor support from any level of the tourism industry, to create a conducive environment for the adoption of HIV and AIDS WPPs by tourism businesses. The primary reason for the lack of uptake of these programmes is ignorance across cascading levels of the tourism industry, which includes tourism businesses. Additionally, a number of perceived barriers, such as size of business, are cited as the reasons why tourism workplaces in the NMBM fail to participate in HIV and AIDS WPPs. It is anticipated that this study will create further awareness of HIV and AIDS WPPs, in an industry that seems to have limited knowledge about such programmes. This study will also provide guidance regarding the requirements to implement effective HIV and AIDS WPPs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mahlangeni, Iviwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention and control -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Prevention and control -- South Africa , Tourism -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Health Programmes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9197 , vital:26473
- Description: The aim of this study was to explore and describe HIV and AIDS workplace programmes and policies (WPPs) in the tourism industry of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) in South Africa. This study adopted a quantitative and qualitative approach, in other words, a mixed approach. The reason for using more than one method of inquiry was to obtain a deeper understanding of the tourism industry of NMBM in terms of examined behaviour, and of the meaning of occurrences in the industry. To gather qualitative data concerning HIV and AIDS programmes, key informant stakeholders in the tourism industry at global, national, provincial, and local levels were identified to conduct in-depth interviews. These respondents were selected using the non-probability sampling method of quota sampling. This is a type of stratified sampling in which the selection of the strata within the sample is not random, but rather is typically left to the discretion of the interviewer (Wienclaw, 2015). One respondent for each level of the industry was selected, resulting in four key informant stakeholders participating in the qualitative research component of this study. The initial criterion for participation in the quantitative portion for this study was that tourism businesses based in NMBM must be able to produce robust evidence of HIV and AIDS WPPs. The researcher selected the probability sampling method of stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. This technique considers the known characteristics of the population (Wienclaw, 2015). A database of tourism businesses was obtained from the local tourism organisation, who are members of the governing body for local tourism. This database was cleaned, to eliminate any data that did not meet the participation criterion for the study. Ten per cent of the total number of businesses in the cleaned database were sampled. The simplest approach to sampling is to merely randomly select from the population by, for example, having a computer choose names at random from a list, or by selecting names from a hat (Wienclaw, 2015). Therefore, every fifth business listed on the sampled database was selected to participate. Unfortunately, surveys tend to have notoriously low return rates, and people are frequently reluctant to give out information over the phone. This was also the case for most of the tourism businesses in the sample. When emailed or telephoned, they refused to participate for various reasons. Some stated that HIV does not affect their business; others reported that their businesses were too small and therefore they could not afford to implement these programmes. Some businesses were hearing about the WPP for the very first time, while several others responded with simple disinterest in participating. The findings of the study are that although tourism is viewed as an important industry that contributes to the economy, tourism businesses do not include any intervention programmes with which to respond to the threat of HIV and AIDS to their businesses. Additionally, there is neither leadership nor support from any level of the tourism industry, to create a conducive environment for the adoption of HIV and AIDS WPPs by tourism businesses. The primary reason for the lack of uptake of these programmes is ignorance across cascading levels of the tourism industry, which includes tourism businesses. Additionally, a number of perceived barriers, such as size of business, are cited as the reasons why tourism workplaces in the NMBM fail to participate in HIV and AIDS WPPs. It is anticipated that this study will create further awareness of HIV and AIDS WPPs, in an industry that seems to have limited knowledge about such programmes. This study will also provide guidance regarding the requirements to implement effective HIV and AIDS WPPs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Exploring the management-union relationship in an Eastern Cape public sector department
- Authors: Mkalipi, Nosivatho Getrude
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Industrial relations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Labor unions -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Labor movement -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Work environment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Government business enterprises -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18365 , vital:28627
- Description: This study explored the relationship between management and the union in an Eastern Cape Public Sector Department. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research tools to collect information from the respondents, who gave a view on their experiences of what the relationship is, and how it could be improved. The sample consisted of members of management and union executives, across employment levels. Both statistical and thematic analysis were used to analyse data from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The literature review defined the concept of trade unionism, management and trade union relationship in the workplace, and different frames of reference of the labour relations system. From the literature review it is noted that management and union relationships are more of a formal arrangement in the workplace; as such government, has developed tools to assist in this regard. Although that is not the case in the Department it is noted that the informal arrangement in the relationship between management and union is ‘working’ to some extent. Quality and sustainability of that, however, is questionable. The findings indicate that most members of management acknowledge the existence of the relationship between management and the union, but they are dissatisfied, as most members are not part of the engagements with the union. They are also of the view that it is in favour of the union. Unions on the other hand, view the existing relationship as working in favour of one union instead of the union collective. The union which finds favour is satisfied, and the other is not. It is recommended that the management and union engagement be formalized in order for the Department to work with unions in a more structured, professional manner, which would be inclusive of other members of management who feel left out. Not only that, but management would also be able to engage with the union as a collective, and not as an individual union.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mkalipi, Nosivatho Getrude
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Industrial relations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Labor unions -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Labor movement -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Work environment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Government business enterprises -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18365 , vital:28627
- Description: This study explored the relationship between management and the union in an Eastern Cape Public Sector Department. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research tools to collect information from the respondents, who gave a view on their experiences of what the relationship is, and how it could be improved. The sample consisted of members of management and union executives, across employment levels. Both statistical and thematic analysis were used to analyse data from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The literature review defined the concept of trade unionism, management and trade union relationship in the workplace, and different frames of reference of the labour relations system. From the literature review it is noted that management and union relationships are more of a formal arrangement in the workplace; as such government, has developed tools to assist in this regard. Although that is not the case in the Department it is noted that the informal arrangement in the relationship between management and union is ‘working’ to some extent. Quality and sustainability of that, however, is questionable. The findings indicate that most members of management acknowledge the existence of the relationship between management and the union, but they are dissatisfied, as most members are not part of the engagements with the union. They are also of the view that it is in favour of the union. Unions on the other hand, view the existing relationship as working in favour of one union instead of the union collective. The union which finds favour is satisfied, and the other is not. It is recommended that the management and union engagement be formalized in order for the Department to work with unions in a more structured, professional manner, which would be inclusive of other members of management who feel left out. Not only that, but management would also be able to engage with the union as a collective, and not as an individual union.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Factors influencing effective electronic word-of-mouth marketing
- Authors: Bhana, Lauren
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Word-of-mouth advertising Internet marketing , Telemarketing Electronic commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14631 , vital:27806
- Description: Marketing serves to satisfy customer needs and wants while building strong customer relationships in an effort to gain value from customers in return. On understanding that customer satisfaction is needed for a business to survive and grow, the important role marketing plays within a business is emphasised as it contributes to overall business performance. Building relationships also emphasises the importance of communication within marketing. Traditional person-to-person word-of-mouth communication has always played a role in marketing a product or service. The evolution of technology over recent years has enabled electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), which is frequently carried out and has proven to be another effective marketing tool. Due to the fundamental role that marketing plays within a business and the frequent use of electronic word-of-mouth as a marketing tool it is important that business owners and marketers are aware of the factors influencing the effectiveness of it. This study explores eWOM from a marketing perspective, through investigating the factors that contribute towards the effectiveness of eWOM as a marketing tool. Therefore the primary objective of the study was to investigate the factors influencing effective eWOM marketing. A quantitative research approach was followed to empirically test the hypotheses and determine whether relationships exist between the four independent variables (factors influencing eWOM) and the dependent variable (effective eWOM marketing). A self-administered, five-point Likert-scale style structured questionnaire was used to obtain the data. The sample for this study comprised of 360 consumer respondents within the Nelson Mandela Metropole. An exploratory factor analysis extracted four valid constructs namely feedback, trustworthiness, social status and networking as the factors influencing effective eWOM marketing. Cronbach’s alphas confirmed the reliability of all extracted constructs. Most correlation results indicated moderate associations between the variables. However, effective eWOM marketing proved to have a strong correlation with social status. The results of the multiple regressions for the factors influencing effective eWOM marketing identified three statistically significant relationships between feedback, social status, networking and effective eWOM marketing. MANOVAS confirmed eleven statistically significant relationships of which only three were of practical significance. Practical significant relationships exist between ethnic affiliation, current position, years working experience and social status. In addition to identifying the three specific factors influencing effective eWOM marketing, namely online feedback, the need to obtain social status and the desire to engage in online networking, this study has made several contributions, specifically to eWOM marketing. This study has recommended specific online marketing strategies to increase effective eWOM for online feedback, for individuals to obtain social status and to engage in online networking. The hypothesised model developed from the study, illustrating the three factors that influence effective eWOM marketing for South African consumers, can now be used by other researchers in other countries as a framework for further testing or for businesses/marketing organisations to obtain information on the attributes to pay attention to increase the effectiveness of their eWOM marketing. The role that demographics such as ethnic affiliation, position in the business and years working experience play in satisfying the need of individuals to obtain social status in an online setting via eWOM marketing, were also confirmed. Furthermore, this study has provided practical advice to businesses/marketing organisations on how to utilise this knowledge to their advantage when wishing to stimulate eWOM conversations about their products and services. The findings of the research will also assist businesses/marketing organisations to initiate eWOM engagement and communicate more effectively with consumers online to obtain information on how to improve on and change existing products/services or the need for new product/service offerings to retain customers, ensure continuous consumer satisfaction and increase business turnover.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Bhana, Lauren
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Word-of-mouth advertising Internet marketing , Telemarketing Electronic commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14631 , vital:27806
- Description: Marketing serves to satisfy customer needs and wants while building strong customer relationships in an effort to gain value from customers in return. On understanding that customer satisfaction is needed for a business to survive and grow, the important role marketing plays within a business is emphasised as it contributes to overall business performance. Building relationships also emphasises the importance of communication within marketing. Traditional person-to-person word-of-mouth communication has always played a role in marketing a product or service. The evolution of technology over recent years has enabled electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), which is frequently carried out and has proven to be another effective marketing tool. Due to the fundamental role that marketing plays within a business and the frequent use of electronic word-of-mouth as a marketing tool it is important that business owners and marketers are aware of the factors influencing the effectiveness of it. This study explores eWOM from a marketing perspective, through investigating the factors that contribute towards the effectiveness of eWOM as a marketing tool. Therefore the primary objective of the study was to investigate the factors influencing effective eWOM marketing. A quantitative research approach was followed to empirically test the hypotheses and determine whether relationships exist between the four independent variables (factors influencing eWOM) and the dependent variable (effective eWOM marketing). A self-administered, five-point Likert-scale style structured questionnaire was used to obtain the data. The sample for this study comprised of 360 consumer respondents within the Nelson Mandela Metropole. An exploratory factor analysis extracted four valid constructs namely feedback, trustworthiness, social status and networking as the factors influencing effective eWOM marketing. Cronbach’s alphas confirmed the reliability of all extracted constructs. Most correlation results indicated moderate associations between the variables. However, effective eWOM marketing proved to have a strong correlation with social status. The results of the multiple regressions for the factors influencing effective eWOM marketing identified three statistically significant relationships between feedback, social status, networking and effective eWOM marketing. MANOVAS confirmed eleven statistically significant relationships of which only three were of practical significance. Practical significant relationships exist between ethnic affiliation, current position, years working experience and social status. In addition to identifying the three specific factors influencing effective eWOM marketing, namely online feedback, the need to obtain social status and the desire to engage in online networking, this study has made several contributions, specifically to eWOM marketing. This study has recommended specific online marketing strategies to increase effective eWOM for online feedback, for individuals to obtain social status and to engage in online networking. The hypothesised model developed from the study, illustrating the three factors that influence effective eWOM marketing for South African consumers, can now be used by other researchers in other countries as a framework for further testing or for businesses/marketing organisations to obtain information on the attributes to pay attention to increase the effectiveness of their eWOM marketing. The role that demographics such as ethnic affiliation, position in the business and years working experience play in satisfying the need of individuals to obtain social status in an online setting via eWOM marketing, were also confirmed. Furthermore, this study has provided practical advice to businesses/marketing organisations on how to utilise this knowledge to their advantage when wishing to stimulate eWOM conversations about their products and services. The findings of the research will also assist businesses/marketing organisations to initiate eWOM engagement and communicate more effectively with consumers online to obtain information on how to improve on and change existing products/services or the need for new product/service offerings to retain customers, ensure continuous consumer satisfaction and increase business turnover.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Factors influencing retention and turnover of the South African healthcare workforce
- Authors: Isaacs, Janice
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Labor turnover -- South Africa Employee retention -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa Organizational behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16055 , vital:28316
- Description: South Africa experiences a steady loss of skilled workers, which compromises the provision of healthcare in the country. This study has explored and will outline the main factors that influence the decision of South African healthcare professionals to either remain with or leave their organisations. As migration involves both internal and external movement, the public sector is frequently overburdened as healthcare workers additionally tend to prefer working in the private sector with its offers of better financial incentives and better working conditions. That said, it has become apparent that it is not only financial factors but many other non-financial factors that play a role in employee turnover. From the literature explored for this paper, five main factors were identified and discussed for different groups of healthcare professionals. This study used a qualitative research approach by means of a content analysis, whereby data from secondary sources were reviewed. This study disregarded studies done in other countries and focused only on the South African healthcare sector. Push and pull factors were established and, during this process, HIV/AIDS, crime and human resources were identified as possible push factors that contribute to the movement of South Africa’s healthcare workers. Since the five main retention factors identified for the purpose of this research paper all fall under human resources, the study proposes a retention strategy that involves the revision of the employee value proposition for different healthcare groups, as their demands are not uniform. Financial as well as non-financial factors have been taken into account for the various employee value proposition frameworks. These factors must be dealt with congruently if retention and turnover strategies are to be successful. Factors that push healthcare workers from the public.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Isaacs, Janice
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Labor turnover -- South Africa Employee retention -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa Organizational behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16055 , vital:28316
- Description: South Africa experiences a steady loss of skilled workers, which compromises the provision of healthcare in the country. This study has explored and will outline the main factors that influence the decision of South African healthcare professionals to either remain with or leave their organisations. As migration involves both internal and external movement, the public sector is frequently overburdened as healthcare workers additionally tend to prefer working in the private sector with its offers of better financial incentives and better working conditions. That said, it has become apparent that it is not only financial factors but many other non-financial factors that play a role in employee turnover. From the literature explored for this paper, five main factors were identified and discussed for different groups of healthcare professionals. This study used a qualitative research approach by means of a content analysis, whereby data from secondary sources were reviewed. This study disregarded studies done in other countries and focused only on the South African healthcare sector. Push and pull factors were established and, during this process, HIV/AIDS, crime and human resources were identified as possible push factors that contribute to the movement of South Africa’s healthcare workers. Since the five main retention factors identified for the purpose of this research paper all fall under human resources, the study proposes a retention strategy that involves the revision of the employee value proposition for different healthcare groups, as their demands are not uniform. Financial as well as non-financial factors have been taken into account for the various employee value proposition frameworks. These factors must be dealt with congruently if retention and turnover strategies are to be successful. Factors that push healthcare workers from the public.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017