The jazz divas an analysis of the musical careers of six New Brighton vocalists
- Authors: Butete, Netsayi
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Jazz musicians -- Research -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Ethnomusicology -- Research -- South Africa Sex discrimination against women -- South Africa Sex discrimination in employment -- South Africa Apartheid -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2633 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002298
- Description: There has been insufficient academic research on the music of the Eastern Cape in general and Port Elizabeth and New Brighton in particular. This study, as part of the International Library of African Music (ILAM)lRed Location Museum Music History Project (ILAMIRLMHP) - an oral history intervention to save the music history of New Brighton from extinction through research and documentation of the memories of veteran musicians - is focused on jazz vocalists. The primary objective of my study is to investigate, critically analyze, interpret and document the career experiences of six New Brighton jazz vocalists in the context of performing in the Port Elizabeth music industry during the apartheid and the post-apartheid eras. The secondary objectives are to stimulate research interests in music students and ethnomusicologists to pursue research on the music of Port Elizabeth and the Eastern Cape and to inspire and motivate the vocalists to continue making music with renewed zeal. A qualitative research paradigm informed the field research necessary for this study. The fieldwork paved the way for an eclectic framework of analysis grounded in Pierre Bourdieu's notions of habitus, field and capital, examining the impact of the context on the vocalists' habitus which influenced how they viewed and interpreted their past and current experiences in the performance field. Data obtained through extensive interviewing of New Brighton's contemporary female vocalists and their male counterparts revealed that they have no opportunity to make commercial recordings. The musicians have to migrate to Johannesburg to have successful music careers, although personality politics, greed and lack of professionalism also work against the musicians' success. The data shows that New Brighton musicians, both male and female, do not have enough performance opportunities and there are fewer chances to tour now than there were from the 1960s through the 1980s. As in the apartheid era, female vocalists are still discriminated against in terms of pay, and men discriminate in how they pay other male musicians. Analysis of the vocalists' jazz compositions revealed that their song lyrics depict a bona fide urban African culture and reflect the emotional needs of the society in which they live.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Butete, Netsayi
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Jazz musicians -- Research -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Ethnomusicology -- Research -- South Africa Sex discrimination against women -- South Africa Sex discrimination in employment -- South Africa Apartheid -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2633 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002298
- Description: There has been insufficient academic research on the music of the Eastern Cape in general and Port Elizabeth and New Brighton in particular. This study, as part of the International Library of African Music (ILAM)lRed Location Museum Music History Project (ILAMIRLMHP) - an oral history intervention to save the music history of New Brighton from extinction through research and documentation of the memories of veteran musicians - is focused on jazz vocalists. The primary objective of my study is to investigate, critically analyze, interpret and document the career experiences of six New Brighton jazz vocalists in the context of performing in the Port Elizabeth music industry during the apartheid and the post-apartheid eras. The secondary objectives are to stimulate research interests in music students and ethnomusicologists to pursue research on the music of Port Elizabeth and the Eastern Cape and to inspire and motivate the vocalists to continue making music with renewed zeal. A qualitative research paradigm informed the field research necessary for this study. The fieldwork paved the way for an eclectic framework of analysis grounded in Pierre Bourdieu's notions of habitus, field and capital, examining the impact of the context on the vocalists' habitus which influenced how they viewed and interpreted their past and current experiences in the performance field. Data obtained through extensive interviewing of New Brighton's contemporary female vocalists and their male counterparts revealed that they have no opportunity to make commercial recordings. The musicians have to migrate to Johannesburg to have successful music careers, although personality politics, greed and lack of professionalism also work against the musicians' success. The data shows that New Brighton musicians, both male and female, do not have enough performance opportunities and there are fewer chances to tour now than there were from the 1960s through the 1980s. As in the apartheid era, female vocalists are still discriminated against in terms of pay, and men discriminate in how they pay other male musicians. Analysis of the vocalists' jazz compositions revealed that their song lyrics depict a bona fide urban African culture and reflect the emotional needs of the society in which they live.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The isolation, quantification and synthetic modification of antiplasmodial natural products from sargassum heterophyllum
- Authors: Munedzimwe, Tatenda Carol
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Malaria -- Developing countries -- Prevention , Antimalarials
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3871 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018252
- Description: Malaria is one of the most deadly parasitic diseases known to man. Although the number of malaria cases reported each year is decreasing, this disease continues to pose health and economic problems mainly in developing countries. Significant progress has been made in the fight against this disease. This includes the discovery and development of potent antimalarial agents. However, the development of resistance to most of these potent antimalarials has made the development of new antiplasmodial agents of paramount importance. Several promising antiplasmodial agents have been found from the marine environment. Amongst these are the tetraprenylated toluquinols from the brown alga: Sargassum heterophyllum. These metabolites have been reported to exhibit a range of antiplasmodial activity; however, the mechanisms by which these compounds bring about their antiplasmodial activity and the pharmacophoric groups responsible for such activity are unknown. Two species of Sargassum algae were encountered during the course of this project. From the investigation of the geographical and seasonal variation of metabolites of S. heterophyllum and S. elegans we established that there were no significant intra and inter site variations amongst metabolite profiles of both species both within and between the sampled seasons. These results enabled us to establish that the collection of both species from three different sites on the eastern coast of South Africa namely; Kenton on Sea, Port Alfred and Noordhoek in autumn, winter or spring would qualitatively yield the same metabolites. A comparison of metabolite profiles of both species also revealed no qualitative differences between metabolites of S. heterophyllum and S. elegans. The quantities of selected prenylated metabolites extracted from S. heterophyllum using four different extraction techniques was also assessed using qNMR as the method of quantification. This led to the identification of optimal extraction techniques and conditions for the extraction of sargahydroquinoic acid (1.38), sargaquinoic aid (1.39) and sargachromenol (2.10) from S. heterophyllum. From this study, the extraction of algae by soxhlet extraction using EtOH as the extraction solvent led to the extraction of the highest quantities of sargahydroquinoic acid. The potential of other extraction techniques such as microwave assisted extraction, to yield high quantities of the selected metabolites were also identified. With gram quantities of sargahydroquinoic acid (1.38) in hand, this compound was modified by oxidation, reduction, acetylation, methylation and cyclization reactions to yield nine derivatives. The derivatives and four naturally occurring prenylated toluquinols were assessed for antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity against the FCR-3 Gambian Chloroquine resistant strain of P. falciparum and the MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line respectively. Comparison of antiplasmodial data for all twelve compounds showed that the hydroquinone moeity of sargahydroquinoic acid (1.38) is important for antiplasmodial activity while esterification of the carboxylic acid group in 1.38 resulted in more potent antiplasmodial compounds. Of all twelve compounds, compound 5.2, the hydroquinone methyl ester of 1.38 was found to be the most potent antiplasmodial compound with an IC₅₀ value of 1.94 μM and a selectivity index of 22.68.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Munedzimwe, Tatenda Carol
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Malaria -- Developing countries -- Prevention , Antimalarials
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3871 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018252
- Description: Malaria is one of the most deadly parasitic diseases known to man. Although the number of malaria cases reported each year is decreasing, this disease continues to pose health and economic problems mainly in developing countries. Significant progress has been made in the fight against this disease. This includes the discovery and development of potent antimalarial agents. However, the development of resistance to most of these potent antimalarials has made the development of new antiplasmodial agents of paramount importance. Several promising antiplasmodial agents have been found from the marine environment. Amongst these are the tetraprenylated toluquinols from the brown alga: Sargassum heterophyllum. These metabolites have been reported to exhibit a range of antiplasmodial activity; however, the mechanisms by which these compounds bring about their antiplasmodial activity and the pharmacophoric groups responsible for such activity are unknown. Two species of Sargassum algae were encountered during the course of this project. From the investigation of the geographical and seasonal variation of metabolites of S. heterophyllum and S. elegans we established that there were no significant intra and inter site variations amongst metabolite profiles of both species both within and between the sampled seasons. These results enabled us to establish that the collection of both species from three different sites on the eastern coast of South Africa namely; Kenton on Sea, Port Alfred and Noordhoek in autumn, winter or spring would qualitatively yield the same metabolites. A comparison of metabolite profiles of both species also revealed no qualitative differences between metabolites of S. heterophyllum and S. elegans. The quantities of selected prenylated metabolites extracted from S. heterophyllum using four different extraction techniques was also assessed using qNMR as the method of quantification. This led to the identification of optimal extraction techniques and conditions for the extraction of sargahydroquinoic acid (1.38), sargaquinoic aid (1.39) and sargachromenol (2.10) from S. heterophyllum. From this study, the extraction of algae by soxhlet extraction using EtOH as the extraction solvent led to the extraction of the highest quantities of sargahydroquinoic acid. The potential of other extraction techniques such as microwave assisted extraction, to yield high quantities of the selected metabolites were also identified. With gram quantities of sargahydroquinoic acid (1.38) in hand, this compound was modified by oxidation, reduction, acetylation, methylation and cyclization reactions to yield nine derivatives. The derivatives and four naturally occurring prenylated toluquinols were assessed for antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity against the FCR-3 Gambian Chloroquine resistant strain of P. falciparum and the MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line respectively. Comparison of antiplasmodial data for all twelve compounds showed that the hydroquinone moeity of sargahydroquinoic acid (1.38) is important for antiplasmodial activity while esterification of the carboxylic acid group in 1.38 resulted in more potent antiplasmodial compounds. Of all twelve compounds, compound 5.2, the hydroquinone methyl ester of 1.38 was found to be the most potent antiplasmodial compound with an IC₅₀ value of 1.94 μM and a selectivity index of 22.68.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The interrelationships between meaning(s), form, cinematic technology and surrealist ideology in Luis Buñuel's, Un Chien Andalou (1929)
- Kritzinger, Christiaan Cornelius
- Authors: Kritzinger, Christiaan Cornelius
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Surrealism in motion pictures , Motion picture producers and directors -- Spain , Photography , Myth , Semiotics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Photography)
- Identifier: vital:8495 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007847 , Surrealism in motion pictures , Motion picture producers and directors -- Spain , Photography , Myth , Semiotics
- Description: This study sets out to determine the interrelationship between meaning(s), form (specifically framing and composition), cinematic technology and the surrealist ideology with specific reference to Luis Buñuel’s film, Un Chien Andalou (1929). The study utilises a semiotic framework to analyse the seminal film, as well as the researcher’s short film Facebrick (2012). The semiotic reading is conducted according to key surrealist tenets namely, spatio-‐temporal disruption, the use of free-‐association and the inclusion of cultural, religious and sexual symbols as a revolutionary tool. Gillian Rose’s (2007) semiotic framework underpinned by James Monaco’s (1977) schema for analysing the moving image, was utilised to read the selected film texts. A comparative analysis reveals that although the researcher employed different cinematic technology to construct the short film than that available to Buñuel in the 1920s; similar cinematic techniques could be recreated, as the analysis shows, through the use of key surrealist characteristics. Not only did this allow mere reproduction of these techniques, but rather a full appropriation of these techniques within a contemporary context. Thus the techniques, communicate the surreal, both aesthetically and intellectually. The theoretical study provides the foundation for the practical output, creating a conceptual framework that guides the creation of a short film. The practical research component relies on the parameters identified in the semiotic reading. This was facilitated by the characteristics of Surrealism: the disruption of time and space, the inclusion of archetypal symbols and the use of free association. The short film, Facebrick (2012), follows a voyeur obsessed with gazing at three characters. The film explores the human condition in an urban environment drawing from themes such as Jean-‐Paul Sartre’s gaze theory as well as Freudian themes of identity and sexuality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Kritzinger, Christiaan Cornelius
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Surrealism in motion pictures , Motion picture producers and directors -- Spain , Photography , Myth , Semiotics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Photography)
- Identifier: vital:8495 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007847 , Surrealism in motion pictures , Motion picture producers and directors -- Spain , Photography , Myth , Semiotics
- Description: This study sets out to determine the interrelationship between meaning(s), form (specifically framing and composition), cinematic technology and the surrealist ideology with specific reference to Luis Buñuel’s film, Un Chien Andalou (1929). The study utilises a semiotic framework to analyse the seminal film, as well as the researcher’s short film Facebrick (2012). The semiotic reading is conducted according to key surrealist tenets namely, spatio-‐temporal disruption, the use of free-‐association and the inclusion of cultural, religious and sexual symbols as a revolutionary tool. Gillian Rose’s (2007) semiotic framework underpinned by James Monaco’s (1977) schema for analysing the moving image, was utilised to read the selected film texts. A comparative analysis reveals that although the researcher employed different cinematic technology to construct the short film than that available to Buñuel in the 1920s; similar cinematic techniques could be recreated, as the analysis shows, through the use of key surrealist characteristics. Not only did this allow mere reproduction of these techniques, but rather a full appropriation of these techniques within a contemporary context. Thus the techniques, communicate the surreal, both aesthetically and intellectually. The theoretical study provides the foundation for the practical output, creating a conceptual framework that guides the creation of a short film. The practical research component relies on the parameters identified in the semiotic reading. This was facilitated by the characteristics of Surrealism: the disruption of time and space, the inclusion of archetypal symbols and the use of free association. The short film, Facebrick (2012), follows a voyeur obsessed with gazing at three characters. The film explores the human condition in an urban environment drawing from themes such as Jean-‐Paul Sartre’s gaze theory as well as Freudian themes of identity and sexuality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The integration of mental health care services into primary health care system at King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality Clinics
- Authors: Dlatu, Ntandazo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Community mental health services South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: vital:18478 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1008290
- Description: Introduction: Primary Health care refers to care which is based on the needs of population. Mental health care provided within general primary care services is the first level of care within the formal health system. There is no research in King Sabata Dalindyebo, carried out on issues around integration of mental health with primary health care. The present study is initiated to overcome this gap. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the level of knowledge, implementation and barriers of integrating mental health care services into primary health care system at King Sabata Dalindyebo clinics, in Mthatha region. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at King Sabata Dalindyebo Clinics, between January 2010 and December 2011. A 10% random sample of all health professionals from King Sabata Dalindyebo was interviewed concerning their demographic characteristics, education/ qualifications, general and further training in psychiatry, awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 and mental health care services characteristic related to the integration of mental health care services into primary health care system. For data analysis, the means of continuous variables across 2 groups were compared using Student-t test. The proportions (%) of the categorical variable across 2 groups were compared using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 52 health professionals (40.4% males, 59.6 females, 59.6 married, 3 doctors, 49 nurses, mean age 36.9± 8 years range 23 years-52 years), were surveyed. The participants were characterized by low level of qualification in specialization, further training in psychiatry, and by very low awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002. Furthermore, there was no implication of expects (Regional psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker) and co-ordination of mental health care services. Working in remote and disadvantaged area, health workers with lower education qualification, absence of a coordinator for mental health care services and absence of workshop on Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 were determinants of lower awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002. However, there was a good to excellent framework for potential implementation of mental health care services into primary health care system. The government support in infrastructures, drugs availability, transport and equipment was evident. Patients were helped within abroad based ethical, human rights and psycho-social framework. Conclusion: There is a lack of improving human capacity for mental health in terms of continuous training in mental health issues, policies, organisation and development. Globally, the integration of mental health care service in King Sabata Dalindyebo is non-optimal.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Dlatu, Ntandazo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Community mental health services South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: vital:18478 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1008290
- Description: Introduction: Primary Health care refers to care which is based on the needs of population. Mental health care provided within general primary care services is the first level of care within the formal health system. There is no research in King Sabata Dalindyebo, carried out on issues around integration of mental health with primary health care. The present study is initiated to overcome this gap. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the level of knowledge, implementation and barriers of integrating mental health care services into primary health care system at King Sabata Dalindyebo clinics, in Mthatha region. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at King Sabata Dalindyebo Clinics, between January 2010 and December 2011. A 10% random sample of all health professionals from King Sabata Dalindyebo was interviewed concerning their demographic characteristics, education/ qualifications, general and further training in psychiatry, awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 and mental health care services characteristic related to the integration of mental health care services into primary health care system. For data analysis, the means of continuous variables across 2 groups were compared using Student-t test. The proportions (%) of the categorical variable across 2 groups were compared using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 52 health professionals (40.4% males, 59.6 females, 59.6 married, 3 doctors, 49 nurses, mean age 36.9± 8 years range 23 years-52 years), were surveyed. The participants were characterized by low level of qualification in specialization, further training in psychiatry, and by very low awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002. Furthermore, there was no implication of expects (Regional psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker) and co-ordination of mental health care services. Working in remote and disadvantaged area, health workers with lower education qualification, absence of a coordinator for mental health care services and absence of workshop on Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 were determinants of lower awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002. However, there was a good to excellent framework for potential implementation of mental health care services into primary health care system. The government support in infrastructures, drugs availability, transport and equipment was evident. Patients were helped within abroad based ethical, human rights and psycho-social framework. Conclusion: There is a lack of improving human capacity for mental health in terms of continuous training in mental health issues, policies, organisation and development. Globally, the integration of mental health care service in King Sabata Dalindyebo is non-optimal.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The integration of mapwork and environmental issues using local context in FET Geography: an investigation of current pedagogic practices to inform professional development
- Authors: Batyi, Kekeletso Rejoyce
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Geography -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Maps -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Environmental education -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1580 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003462
- Description: This is an interpretative case study of four Grahamstown Education District Further Education and Training (FET) schools. The study sets out to investigate how Geography teachers integrate mapwork and environmental issues using local context, with the intention of providing insights for future professional development. Data for this study were generated using qualitative methods such as document analysis, semi-structured interviews and lesson observations. Interviews were conducted with geography teachers, the subject advisor and a workshop facilitator. The evidence generated in the study revealed that contrary to the integrative design of the curriculum, there is a superficial integration of mapwork and environmental issues as well as a cursory reference to and use of local context. This was noted in both professional development support workshops and classroom practice. The study finds that efforts to improve performance in geography need to pay closer attention to curriculum policy that calls for an integration and localization of knowledge and skills for coherence and relevance. It also notes that there is a need for a focus on real-world problem solving in social, economic, cultural and physical environments through the use of inquiry-based local fieldwork. Local investigations provide an integrative space for content and skills as well as being an important point of reference from which learners can compare and contrast issues in other places such as provincial, national, continental, and global locations. A professional development programme that emphasizes integration and contextualization alongside the current focus on basic skills training is proposed to improve what teachers are delivering in the classroom and to support enquiry-based fieldwork and research to strengthen a place-based relevance in local, national and international contexts. Finally an exemplar for professional development is briefly developed for the topic of soil erosion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Batyi, Kekeletso Rejoyce
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Geography -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Maps -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Environmental education -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1580 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003462
- Description: This is an interpretative case study of four Grahamstown Education District Further Education and Training (FET) schools. The study sets out to investigate how Geography teachers integrate mapwork and environmental issues using local context, with the intention of providing insights for future professional development. Data for this study were generated using qualitative methods such as document analysis, semi-structured interviews and lesson observations. Interviews were conducted with geography teachers, the subject advisor and a workshop facilitator. The evidence generated in the study revealed that contrary to the integrative design of the curriculum, there is a superficial integration of mapwork and environmental issues as well as a cursory reference to and use of local context. This was noted in both professional development support workshops and classroom practice. The study finds that efforts to improve performance in geography need to pay closer attention to curriculum policy that calls for an integration and localization of knowledge and skills for coherence and relevance. It also notes that there is a need for a focus on real-world problem solving in social, economic, cultural and physical environments through the use of inquiry-based local fieldwork. Local investigations provide an integrative space for content and skills as well as being an important point of reference from which learners can compare and contrast issues in other places such as provincial, national, continental, and global locations. A professional development programme that emphasizes integration and contextualization alongside the current focus on basic skills training is proposed to improve what teachers are delivering in the classroom and to support enquiry-based fieldwork and research to strengthen a place-based relevance in local, national and international contexts. Finally an exemplar for professional development is briefly developed for the topic of soil erosion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The integrated development plan as a developmental tool: the case of Amahlathi Municipality
- Sokopo, Bongiwe Annette Patience
- Authors: Sokopo, Bongiwe Annette Patience
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8355 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020919
- Description: The study is about the Integrated Development Plan as a developmental tool for the Amahlathi municipality. The main focus of the study is to assess whether the Integrated Development Plan is used as a developmental tool in the Amahlathi municipality. Local government in South Africa has been mandated by the Constitution and other pieces of legislation like the White Paper on local government, the municipal Structures Act and the municipal Systems Act to improve the socio-economic conditions of communities to deliver services to the people and encourage communities to participate in the process of developing the Integrated Development Plan (IDP). Service delivery remains a challenge in the municipality despite the initiative of introducing the IDP to support this local municipality in fulfilling its mandate of taking services to communities. This is reflected in the municipal IDP Mayor‟s foreword where it is indicated that the infrastructure backlogs are still visible in the municipality to the extent that there are areas where there are no operations at all. Also, the report by the Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs in 2009 indicated that Amahlathi local municipality is among 57 municipalities in the country that have been identified as the most vulnerable and which therefore needed support for sustenance. This study details these challenges and places particular focus on the utilisation of the IDP as a developmental tool for Amahlathi Local Municipality. From the literature and responses by the respondents, it is clear that local government has to be committed to work with citizens and groups within the communities to find sustainable ways to meet their social, economic and material needs and improve their quality of life. The study is both qualitative and quantitative and questionnaires have been used as a method of collecting data. The responses and results suggested that the community members in the Amahlathi municipality were aware of the existence of the IDP. However, a lot of work still has to be done to ensure that there is development in the communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Sokopo, Bongiwe Annette Patience
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8355 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020919
- Description: The study is about the Integrated Development Plan as a developmental tool for the Amahlathi municipality. The main focus of the study is to assess whether the Integrated Development Plan is used as a developmental tool in the Amahlathi municipality. Local government in South Africa has been mandated by the Constitution and other pieces of legislation like the White Paper on local government, the municipal Structures Act and the municipal Systems Act to improve the socio-economic conditions of communities to deliver services to the people and encourage communities to participate in the process of developing the Integrated Development Plan (IDP). Service delivery remains a challenge in the municipality despite the initiative of introducing the IDP to support this local municipality in fulfilling its mandate of taking services to communities. This is reflected in the municipal IDP Mayor‟s foreword where it is indicated that the infrastructure backlogs are still visible in the municipality to the extent that there are areas where there are no operations at all. Also, the report by the Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs in 2009 indicated that Amahlathi local municipality is among 57 municipalities in the country that have been identified as the most vulnerable and which therefore needed support for sustenance. This study details these challenges and places particular focus on the utilisation of the IDP as a developmental tool for Amahlathi Local Municipality. From the literature and responses by the respondents, it is clear that local government has to be committed to work with citizens and groups within the communities to find sustainable ways to meet their social, economic and material needs and improve their quality of life. The study is both qualitative and quantitative and questionnaires have been used as a method of collecting data. The responses and results suggested that the community members in the Amahlathi municipality were aware of the existence of the IDP. However, a lot of work still has to be done to ensure that there is development in the communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The influence of project management service provision on role-players within the South African construction industry
- Authors: Hefer, Andre le Roux
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Project management -- South Africa , Construction industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:9663 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008295 , Project management -- South Africa , Construction industry -- South Africa
- Description: The legitimate existence of the Project Management Profession in the South African construction industry needs to relate to positive project influence on the industry roleplayers. This study assessed the perceived lack of recognition and acceptance of Project Management as a stand-alone profession relating to: · Appointments of Project Managers being questioned due to a perceived lack of influence and impact on project success. · Project Managers not being recognised as an integral part of the industry. · Project Management not being perceived as having a unique and defined function. Interviews were held with 23 industry role-players made up of clients, contractors and consultants. The interviews solicited input on the role-players’ perception and experience related to the influence of Project Management over the past 10 years, not only on a list of success criteria relative to their own role in the industry, but also their perception of the influence on the other defined role-player groups. Included in the interview questionnaire was also a range of general questions to refine the feedback and further test the hypotheses. The data were interpreted and analysed by comparing the feedback of the respondents as a combination and separately as groups. The results of the study indicate that: · Project Management could be seen as a legitimate part of the industry; · The industry role-players perceive Project Management as making an impact and having a growing influence on the industry; A specific but broad set of skills are required by Project Managers; · The Project Management function cannot be fulfilled by other consultants, but there are project related criteria which should be considered before making a final judgment. These criteria relate to project size and complexity; and · Project Management is currently perceived to be more related to a specific person’s skill than to a specific profession. The study’s aim was to influence and inform the views of industry role-players on the appointment of a Project Manager in the construction industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Hefer, Andre le Roux
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Project management -- South Africa , Construction industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:9663 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008295 , Project management -- South Africa , Construction industry -- South Africa
- Description: The legitimate existence of the Project Management Profession in the South African construction industry needs to relate to positive project influence on the industry roleplayers. This study assessed the perceived lack of recognition and acceptance of Project Management as a stand-alone profession relating to: · Appointments of Project Managers being questioned due to a perceived lack of influence and impact on project success. · Project Managers not being recognised as an integral part of the industry. · Project Management not being perceived as having a unique and defined function. Interviews were held with 23 industry role-players made up of clients, contractors and consultants. The interviews solicited input on the role-players’ perception and experience related to the influence of Project Management over the past 10 years, not only on a list of success criteria relative to their own role in the industry, but also their perception of the influence on the other defined role-player groups. Included in the interview questionnaire was also a range of general questions to refine the feedback and further test the hypotheses. The data were interpreted and analysed by comparing the feedback of the respondents as a combination and separately as groups. The results of the study indicate that: · Project Management could be seen as a legitimate part of the industry; · The industry role-players perceive Project Management as making an impact and having a growing influence on the industry; A specific but broad set of skills are required by Project Managers; · The Project Management function cannot be fulfilled by other consultants, but there are project related criteria which should be considered before making a final judgment. These criteria relate to project size and complexity; and · Project Management is currently perceived to be more related to a specific person’s skill than to a specific profession. The study’s aim was to influence and inform the views of industry role-players on the appointment of a Project Manager in the construction industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The influence of persons and marketing related variables on consumers purchasing of environmentally-friendly products
- Authors: Jonas, Altouise Glowdean
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Consumer behavior , Marketing research , Natural resources , Human ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9368 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011098 , Consumer behavior , Marketing research , Natural resources , Human ecology
- Description: The human environment is under serious threat as natural resources such as air, water and forests are being overused. Worldwide, people have become more aware of the threatening situation and consequently many more individuals are showing concern for the environment. Often this concern is not displayed in consumers’ purchasing behaviour, as consumers who claim to be concerned about the environment are not necessarily consuming or showing a preference for environmentally–friendly products. This study examined two sets of variables, namely, person related and marketing related factors, and determined the extent to which these factors influence consumers’ behaviour when buying environmentallyfriendly products. The empirical data was collected by means of a survey, using self-administered questionnaires distributed to adult employed consumers residing in Port Elizabeth. Two hundred usable questionnaires were received. Three person related factors, namely, norms, environmental concern and environmental knowledge, and four marketing related factors, namely, price, product, place and promotion - were found to influence respondents’ behaviour when purchasing environmentally-friendly products. Environmental concern explained the largest portion of variation in purchase behaviour, while promotion explained the smallest portion of variation. Significant differences in the influence of age were found for norms, nvironmental concern, environmental knowledge and price. It is recommended that suppliers of environmentally-friendly products should ensure that these products are located at outlets which are convenient to consumers; more should be done by the relevant stakeholders to increase environmental knowledge and educate South Africans about the benefits of leading a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle; marketers find more innovative methods to convince consumers to act on their environmental concern; further attempts be made to minimise the price difference between environmentally-friendly products and traditional products; marketers should pay more attention to advertisements promoting environmentally-friendly products to ensure that these appeal to their target markets; and the performance of environmentally-friendly products should be on a par with the performance of traditional products.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Jonas, Altouise Glowdean
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Consumer behavior , Marketing research , Natural resources , Human ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9368 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011098 , Consumer behavior , Marketing research , Natural resources , Human ecology
- Description: The human environment is under serious threat as natural resources such as air, water and forests are being overused. Worldwide, people have become more aware of the threatening situation and consequently many more individuals are showing concern for the environment. Often this concern is not displayed in consumers’ purchasing behaviour, as consumers who claim to be concerned about the environment are not necessarily consuming or showing a preference for environmentally–friendly products. This study examined two sets of variables, namely, person related and marketing related factors, and determined the extent to which these factors influence consumers’ behaviour when buying environmentallyfriendly products. The empirical data was collected by means of a survey, using self-administered questionnaires distributed to adult employed consumers residing in Port Elizabeth. Two hundred usable questionnaires were received. Three person related factors, namely, norms, environmental concern and environmental knowledge, and four marketing related factors, namely, price, product, place and promotion - were found to influence respondents’ behaviour when purchasing environmentally-friendly products. Environmental concern explained the largest portion of variation in purchase behaviour, while promotion explained the smallest portion of variation. Significant differences in the influence of age were found for norms, nvironmental concern, environmental knowledge and price. It is recommended that suppliers of environmentally-friendly products should ensure that these products are located at outlets which are convenient to consumers; more should be done by the relevant stakeholders to increase environmental knowledge and educate South Africans about the benefits of leading a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle; marketers find more innovative methods to convince consumers to act on their environmental concern; further attempts be made to minimise the price difference between environmentally-friendly products and traditional products; marketers should pay more attention to advertisements promoting environmentally-friendly products to ensure that these appeal to their target markets; and the performance of environmentally-friendly products should be on a par with the performance of traditional products.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The influence of nutrients on surf-zone phytoplankton
- Authors: Wolmarans, Karien
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Phytoplankton , Algal blooms , Diatoms
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10608 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008080 , Phytoplankton , Algal blooms , Diatoms
- Description: The variability in surf-zone phytoplankton community composition together with variability in nutrient concentrations was studied at seven beaches along the coast near Port Elizabeth, South Africa over a one-year sampling period. The nutrient requirements of selected diatoms and dinoflagellates that co-occur at these beaches were studied. The highest nutrient concentrations were recorded at Brighton beach, with phosphate concentration being substantially higher than standards set out for both South African and European waters. Nitrate, ammonium and silicate concentrations were consistent (low variability) at all beaches. The species composition of beaches without surf diatoms was also not variable (except for King’s Beach – an artificial beach). Maitland beach was the only beach that could be identified as a surf diatom beach due to the presence of Anaulus australis. The surf diatom Anaulus australis was found to be a superior competitor compared to all other species tested: the other surf diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis, and the dinoflagellates Gonyaulax spinifera, Prorocentrum micans, and Scrippsiella trochoidea. Gonyaulax spinifera could possibly outcompete Anaulus australis in systems should nitrate become limiting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Wolmarans, Karien
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Phytoplankton , Algal blooms , Diatoms
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10608 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008080 , Phytoplankton , Algal blooms , Diatoms
- Description: The variability in surf-zone phytoplankton community composition together with variability in nutrient concentrations was studied at seven beaches along the coast near Port Elizabeth, South Africa over a one-year sampling period. The nutrient requirements of selected diatoms and dinoflagellates that co-occur at these beaches were studied. The highest nutrient concentrations were recorded at Brighton beach, with phosphate concentration being substantially higher than standards set out for both South African and European waters. Nitrate, ammonium and silicate concentrations were consistent (low variability) at all beaches. The species composition of beaches without surf diatoms was also not variable (except for King’s Beach – an artificial beach). Maitland beach was the only beach that could be identified as a surf diatom beach due to the presence of Anaulus australis. The surf diatom Anaulus australis was found to be a superior competitor compared to all other species tested: the other surf diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis, and the dinoflagellates Gonyaulax spinifera, Prorocentrum micans, and Scrippsiella trochoidea. Gonyaulax spinifera could possibly outcompete Anaulus australis in systems should nitrate become limiting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The influence of copreneurial relationships on the restaurant industry : a study in the Nelson Mandela Metropole
- Von Hoffman, Ethen Langeford
- Authors: Von Hoffman, Ethen Langeford
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Couple-owned business enterprises -- Management , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8839 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020003
- Description: Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the South African economy, especially in light of the recent global recession. For family businesses, namely copreneurs in the restaurant industry, to be afforded a better opportunity to perform better and be viable and sustainable, a deeper understanding and insight into their dynamics is required. Researching and implementing strategies or recommendations to improve the influence of copreneurial relationships in the restaurant industry is fundamentally important to the growth and sustainability of restaurants in the hospitality industry, in the Nelson Mandela Metropole (NMM). However, no known studies have been performed in this area of copreneurship. This study sought to present exploratory research in the rapidly expanding and critically important sector family business, namely copreneurships specifically in the restaurant industry in the NMM, in South Africa. The primary research objective of this study is to gain a deeper understanding and insight into the influence of copreneurial relationships in the restaurant industry in the NMM. A phenomenological, or qualitative, research paradigm, through the use of focused one-on-one interviews, was employed to probe and analyse relational factors of copreneurial relationships. A qualifying questionnaire was constructed to determine the most effective sample for the study followed by an extensive questionnaire constructed to probe into the demographics and the specifically identified relational factors of the ten qualifying copreneurships. The collected data was then analysed and inferences were derived from the findings of the study. The findings revealed that what restaurant copreneurships perceive to be the most important relationship factors are very closely linked to the relationship factors perceived important to personally work on and improve. Of the relational factors considered for this study, namely: Commitment, communication, conflict, division of labour, emotional attachment, relationship bond, respect, spousal harmony, trust and the spousal values system, several factors stood out as those baring greatest influence on copreneurial relationships and their business. This study, from an analysis of the collected interview data and subsequent findings, determined communication to stand out above all other factors as being the most critical to copreneurial relationships. All other factors emanated as important but division of labour, values system, respect and relationship bond were revealed as extremely important, just behind communication. In light of these findings, as well as the discovery of other affecting factors, the study concluded that the viability and sustainability of restaurant copreneurships is of paramount significance. In order to facilitate this, copreneurial couples must cherish their relationships with each other, understand the dynamics of the relational factors affecting their relationships, invoke relational improvements for their viability and sustainability, not neglect family responsibilities and preservation in light of business needs and work together as a team.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Von Hoffman, Ethen Langeford
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Couple-owned business enterprises -- Management , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8839 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020003
- Description: Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the South African economy, especially in light of the recent global recession. For family businesses, namely copreneurs in the restaurant industry, to be afforded a better opportunity to perform better and be viable and sustainable, a deeper understanding and insight into their dynamics is required. Researching and implementing strategies or recommendations to improve the influence of copreneurial relationships in the restaurant industry is fundamentally important to the growth and sustainability of restaurants in the hospitality industry, in the Nelson Mandela Metropole (NMM). However, no known studies have been performed in this area of copreneurship. This study sought to present exploratory research in the rapidly expanding and critically important sector family business, namely copreneurships specifically in the restaurant industry in the NMM, in South Africa. The primary research objective of this study is to gain a deeper understanding and insight into the influence of copreneurial relationships in the restaurant industry in the NMM. A phenomenological, or qualitative, research paradigm, through the use of focused one-on-one interviews, was employed to probe and analyse relational factors of copreneurial relationships. A qualifying questionnaire was constructed to determine the most effective sample for the study followed by an extensive questionnaire constructed to probe into the demographics and the specifically identified relational factors of the ten qualifying copreneurships. The collected data was then analysed and inferences were derived from the findings of the study. The findings revealed that what restaurant copreneurships perceive to be the most important relationship factors are very closely linked to the relationship factors perceived important to personally work on and improve. Of the relational factors considered for this study, namely: Commitment, communication, conflict, division of labour, emotional attachment, relationship bond, respect, spousal harmony, trust and the spousal values system, several factors stood out as those baring greatest influence on copreneurial relationships and their business. This study, from an analysis of the collected interview data and subsequent findings, determined communication to stand out above all other factors as being the most critical to copreneurial relationships. All other factors emanated as important but division of labour, values system, respect and relationship bond were revealed as extremely important, just behind communication. In light of these findings, as well as the discovery of other affecting factors, the study concluded that the viability and sustainability of restaurant copreneurships is of paramount significance. In order to facilitate this, copreneurial couples must cherish their relationships with each other, understand the dynamics of the relational factors affecting their relationships, invoke relational improvements for their viability and sustainability, not neglect family responsibilities and preservation in light of business needs and work together as a team.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The incidence and mechanism of injuries occurring at a South African National Judo Championship
- Authors: Du Preez, Devon
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Judo injuries , Martial arts injuries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:10099 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011666 , Judo injuries , Martial arts injuries
- Description: The aim of the current study was to identify and describe the incidence and mechanism of injuries that occurred to judoka at a South African national tournament. Therefore the objectives of the study were to determine the following: To describe and compare the type and incidence of injuries occurring at a South African national championship in respect of three different age groups as well as gender; To describe and compare the types of mechanisms occurring at a South African national championship in respect of three different age groups as well as gender; To describe and determine the treatment methods used by judoka at a South African national championship. To determine and describe the training methods of judoka and the potential impact on incidence of injuries at the relevant national judo championship. To achieve the aims and objectives set out in the present study, the literature regarding injury incidence and mechanisms causing those injuries were reviewed along with other martial arts, in order for comparisons to be made within judo and other martial arts. To evaluate and describe injury in judo an exploratory-descriptive epidemiological approach was used in order to gather relevant data. The use of detailed questionnaires was used to capture information regarding physical preparation for the tournament along with a screening questionnaire that captured important data relating to injuries prior to competing in the South African national tournament. In order for the main aim of the study to be achieved an injury questionnaire was presented to all injured judoka who partook in the study at the tournament. This questionnaire captured critical information regarding the occurring injury and the mechanism responsible for the injury. Judoka sampled consisted of 141 judoka of which 110 were males and 31 were females. This sample size of judoka consisted of three age groups with each group representing a different age range. This allowed for the observation of more injuries but also allowed one to compare injuries obtained by younger judoka to that of older judoka. For the purposes of this study groups 4 (ages 14 to 16), 5 (ages 17 to 19) and 6 (ages 20 and older) were used. The reason for selecting these three age groups was due to the fact that they would be participating under international regulations with strangulations and armlocks allowed for in a fight. Group 4 consisted of 49 judoka; the smallest group studied was that of group 5 and consisted of 28 judoka with group 6 being the largest sampled group with 64 judoka. Of the 141 sampled judoka 103 injuries were recorded with males obtaining more injuries than that of female judoka. The results from the study were placed into table and graph formats and described via descriptive statistics. In order to explain the variation within groups inferential statistics as well as Cohen‟s d were utilised to determine both statistical and practical significances between the different age groups. When describing statistics via the use of frequency distribution tables, statistical significance was tested via Chi2 tests of independence, Cramér‟s V was utilized to determine practical significance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to determine intra-group differences with the F statistic reported for significant findings as it reports the variance of group means. The present study found that male judoka within their respective age groups competed in judo for a longer duration than that of females, that the older the judoka was the greater the likelihood that the judoka would have competed for a longer duration of time at a provincial level of judo with group 5 and 6 having competed on a provincial level longer than that of group 4 judoka. Over a 12 month period judoka sustained almost four minor injuries and less than one major injury on average. Females on average were found to have sustained more minor injuries over a period of a year than that of males. The results indicate that only 37.9 percent of judoka compete with existing injuries with more males (40.0 percent) participating with an existing injury compared to that of females at 31.5 percent. The time spent training the various judo components was similar across all three age groups with a statistically significant differences (F (1,81) =4.216, p=.043) found between the genders of group 4 males and females with males practicing more ne-waza a week. On average time spent doing gym work was 177.39 minutes a month with males training for a longer duration 192.69 minutes a month than that of females. Group 5 judoka spent the greatest time in a month doing gym training at 201.35 minutes a month. A gender difference was noted in upper body strength training (F (1,81) = 4.12, p =.046). Males favoured upper body strength training compared to that of females. A total of 103 (73.0 percent) of the sample group were injured once or more. Group 4 judoka (age 16 to 17) had the highest injury incidence for incurring a injury at least once at 75.5 percent. The injury incidence for groups 5 (age 18 to 19) and 6 (age 20 + years) for incurring at least one injury was 71.4 percent and 50.0 percent respectively. The results indicate that 72.7 percent of males reported at least one injury compared to 74.2 percent of females. The present study found that the head and neck (42.7 percent) followed by the upper body (34.0 percent) to be the anatomical regions with the highest incidence of injury. The upper body anatomical site most frequently injured as expected was the shoulder joint at 11.7 percent with the knee, the lower body site with the greatest incidence of injury. Cuts (38.8 percent) accounted for the largest proportion of injuries with the most occurring injury to males being that of a cut (45.6 percent) and sprains (37.5 percent) for females. A statistically significant difference was found between the two genders in relation to the types of occurring injuries, with a moderate practical significance noticed (Chi2 (4) = 12.33, p = .015, V = 0.35). The major mechanisms of injury to the judoka was throwing / being thrown (35.5 percent) and impacts / collisions with other judoka (33.9 percent). These mechanisms of injury were also identified as the major mechanisms leading to injury in both genders. A total of 17.7 percent of fights were terminated due to injury with fewer males (14.5 percent) having fights terminated due to a serious injury compared to that of females (29.0 percent). A statistically significant difference was found between the two genders in relation to the termination of fights due to injuries with a small practical significance noticed with (Chi2(1) = 7.93, p = .005, V = 0.19). The most identified treatment at the tournament for judo was that of icing the injured area. Male judoka indicated 36.4 percent of injuries were treated with ice with females treating 36.0 percent of their injuries with ice. Males indicated that the return to the sport after becoming injured was less (0.75 weeks) than that of females (1.71 weeks) and a statistically significant difference was found between the genders and recovering from injury (F (1,81) = 4.22, p = .043, d = 0.41).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Du Preez, Devon
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Judo injuries , Martial arts injuries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:10099 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011666 , Judo injuries , Martial arts injuries
- Description: The aim of the current study was to identify and describe the incidence and mechanism of injuries that occurred to judoka at a South African national tournament. Therefore the objectives of the study were to determine the following: To describe and compare the type and incidence of injuries occurring at a South African national championship in respect of three different age groups as well as gender; To describe and compare the types of mechanisms occurring at a South African national championship in respect of three different age groups as well as gender; To describe and determine the treatment methods used by judoka at a South African national championship. To determine and describe the training methods of judoka and the potential impact on incidence of injuries at the relevant national judo championship. To achieve the aims and objectives set out in the present study, the literature regarding injury incidence and mechanisms causing those injuries were reviewed along with other martial arts, in order for comparisons to be made within judo and other martial arts. To evaluate and describe injury in judo an exploratory-descriptive epidemiological approach was used in order to gather relevant data. The use of detailed questionnaires was used to capture information regarding physical preparation for the tournament along with a screening questionnaire that captured important data relating to injuries prior to competing in the South African national tournament. In order for the main aim of the study to be achieved an injury questionnaire was presented to all injured judoka who partook in the study at the tournament. This questionnaire captured critical information regarding the occurring injury and the mechanism responsible for the injury. Judoka sampled consisted of 141 judoka of which 110 were males and 31 were females. This sample size of judoka consisted of three age groups with each group representing a different age range. This allowed for the observation of more injuries but also allowed one to compare injuries obtained by younger judoka to that of older judoka. For the purposes of this study groups 4 (ages 14 to 16), 5 (ages 17 to 19) and 6 (ages 20 and older) were used. The reason for selecting these three age groups was due to the fact that they would be participating under international regulations with strangulations and armlocks allowed for in a fight. Group 4 consisted of 49 judoka; the smallest group studied was that of group 5 and consisted of 28 judoka with group 6 being the largest sampled group with 64 judoka. Of the 141 sampled judoka 103 injuries were recorded with males obtaining more injuries than that of female judoka. The results from the study were placed into table and graph formats and described via descriptive statistics. In order to explain the variation within groups inferential statistics as well as Cohen‟s d were utilised to determine both statistical and practical significances between the different age groups. When describing statistics via the use of frequency distribution tables, statistical significance was tested via Chi2 tests of independence, Cramér‟s V was utilized to determine practical significance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to determine intra-group differences with the F statistic reported for significant findings as it reports the variance of group means. The present study found that male judoka within their respective age groups competed in judo for a longer duration than that of females, that the older the judoka was the greater the likelihood that the judoka would have competed for a longer duration of time at a provincial level of judo with group 5 and 6 having competed on a provincial level longer than that of group 4 judoka. Over a 12 month period judoka sustained almost four minor injuries and less than one major injury on average. Females on average were found to have sustained more minor injuries over a period of a year than that of males. The results indicate that only 37.9 percent of judoka compete with existing injuries with more males (40.0 percent) participating with an existing injury compared to that of females at 31.5 percent. The time spent training the various judo components was similar across all three age groups with a statistically significant differences (F (1,81) =4.216, p=.043) found between the genders of group 4 males and females with males practicing more ne-waza a week. On average time spent doing gym work was 177.39 minutes a month with males training for a longer duration 192.69 minutes a month than that of females. Group 5 judoka spent the greatest time in a month doing gym training at 201.35 minutes a month. A gender difference was noted in upper body strength training (F (1,81) = 4.12, p =.046). Males favoured upper body strength training compared to that of females. A total of 103 (73.0 percent) of the sample group were injured once or more. Group 4 judoka (age 16 to 17) had the highest injury incidence for incurring a injury at least once at 75.5 percent. The injury incidence for groups 5 (age 18 to 19) and 6 (age 20 + years) for incurring at least one injury was 71.4 percent and 50.0 percent respectively. The results indicate that 72.7 percent of males reported at least one injury compared to 74.2 percent of females. The present study found that the head and neck (42.7 percent) followed by the upper body (34.0 percent) to be the anatomical regions with the highest incidence of injury. The upper body anatomical site most frequently injured as expected was the shoulder joint at 11.7 percent with the knee, the lower body site with the greatest incidence of injury. Cuts (38.8 percent) accounted for the largest proportion of injuries with the most occurring injury to males being that of a cut (45.6 percent) and sprains (37.5 percent) for females. A statistically significant difference was found between the two genders in relation to the types of occurring injuries, with a moderate practical significance noticed (Chi2 (4) = 12.33, p = .015, V = 0.35). The major mechanisms of injury to the judoka was throwing / being thrown (35.5 percent) and impacts / collisions with other judoka (33.9 percent). These mechanisms of injury were also identified as the major mechanisms leading to injury in both genders. A total of 17.7 percent of fights were terminated due to injury with fewer males (14.5 percent) having fights terminated due to a serious injury compared to that of females (29.0 percent). A statistically significant difference was found between the two genders in relation to the termination of fights due to injuries with a small practical significance noticed with (Chi2(1) = 7.93, p = .005, V = 0.19). The most identified treatment at the tournament for judo was that of icing the injured area. Male judoka indicated 36.4 percent of injuries were treated with ice with females treating 36.0 percent of their injuries with ice. Males indicated that the return to the sport after becoming injured was less (0.75 weeks) than that of females (1.71 weeks) and a statistically significant difference was found between the genders and recovering from injury (F (1,81) = 4.22, p = .043, d = 0.41).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The implications of rural-urban migration on employment and household income with particular reference to Lesotho
- Authors: Damane, Moeti
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Rural-urban migration -- Employment -- Lesotho Informal sector (Economics) -- Lesotho Lesotho -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1002 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002737
- Description: The research investigates the impact of internal rural - urban migration III Lesotho on household income and employment. Using data gathered from the 2002/03 household survey, the 2006 nationwide census and a questionnaire on rural - urban migration in Lesotho administered to 500 respondents in Maseru and Leribe, we estimate a logit model of the probability of employment in Lesotho in 2008 given a set of independent variables. The independent variables are respondent's work experience; years of education completed; employment status in 2004; employment status in 2008; gender; job skill level; place of residence in 2004 and a categorical variable that measures whether or not the respondent is a rural - urban migrant. The results suggest that migration and work experience have no significant impact on an individual's likelihood of being employed in the country's formal sector. Also, it was found that the higher the level of education an individual has, the less likely are their chances of employment in the country's formal sector because of the lack of formal jobs in the urban areas. Over 50% of Lesotho's workforce employed in the urban areas was discovered to work in the informal sector. The study concludes that there is a lack of jobs in Lesotho's urban formal sector that results in a thriving informal sector. The advantages of informal sector jobs to the rural - urban migrant include an increase in their standard of living as well as that of their family members left behind in the rural areas but the disadvantages include low levels of investor confidence that lead to a decrease in overall economic development and growth in the country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Damane, Moeti
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Rural-urban migration -- Employment -- Lesotho Informal sector (Economics) -- Lesotho Lesotho -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1002 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002737
- Description: The research investigates the impact of internal rural - urban migration III Lesotho on household income and employment. Using data gathered from the 2002/03 household survey, the 2006 nationwide census and a questionnaire on rural - urban migration in Lesotho administered to 500 respondents in Maseru and Leribe, we estimate a logit model of the probability of employment in Lesotho in 2008 given a set of independent variables. The independent variables are respondent's work experience; years of education completed; employment status in 2004; employment status in 2008; gender; job skill level; place of residence in 2004 and a categorical variable that measures whether or not the respondent is a rural - urban migrant. The results suggest that migration and work experience have no significant impact on an individual's likelihood of being employed in the country's formal sector. Also, it was found that the higher the level of education an individual has, the less likely are their chances of employment in the country's formal sector because of the lack of formal jobs in the urban areas. Over 50% of Lesotho's workforce employed in the urban areas was discovered to work in the informal sector. The study concludes that there is a lack of jobs in Lesotho's urban formal sector that results in a thriving informal sector. The advantages of informal sector jobs to the rural - urban migrant include an increase in their standard of living as well as that of their family members left behind in the rural areas but the disadvantages include low levels of investor confidence that lead to a decrease in overall economic development and growth in the country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The implication of fuel-wood use and governance to the local environment: a case study of Ward Seven of Port St Johns Municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Ndamase, Zola
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Closed ecological systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social systems -- Environmental aspects , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fuelwood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil (Environmental Studies)
- Identifier: vital:11876 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/448 , Closed ecological systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social systems -- Environmental aspects , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fuelwood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The importance of ecological systems in supporting social systems has been identified as one of the most important facets of sustainable development. Consequently, a number of international and local laws and policy interventions have been established to ensure that natural resource use remains sustainable. In rural areas, overdependence on fuel wood has commonly been identified as one of the biggest threat to forestry ecosystems. This in turn has led to environmental degradation that includes among others species depletion, soil erosion and decline in water and air quality. Based on the myriad problems caused by over-reliance on fuel wood, this study sought to identify usage, management and perceived implication of woodland exploitation in Port St Johns local municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Using interviews and questionnaires for key respondents in the local community, the study identified two key threats to socio-ecological stability resulting from wood fuel exploitation namely; high poverty levels and lack of coordination in the management of wood fuel resources. Apart from using fuel wood for domestic use, local fuel wood exploitation has been commercialized to augment household incomes. Lack of coordination in the management of natural resources has also created a vacuum in the exploitation and management of fuel wood resources. The study did not have inclination towards statistics such as chi-square and t-tests since the research questions and objectives did not refer to any relationship or significance level. The study recommends non-wood based alternative sources of energy, improved coordination and harmonization of functions among different stakeholders and emphasis on collaboration between traditional and local governance in the management fuel wood and the local physical environment. The study further recommends resuscitation of indigenous knowledge and socio-ecological stability
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Ndamase, Zola
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Closed ecological systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social systems -- Environmental aspects , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fuelwood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil (Environmental Studies)
- Identifier: vital:11876 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/448 , Closed ecological systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social systems -- Environmental aspects , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fuelwood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The importance of ecological systems in supporting social systems has been identified as one of the most important facets of sustainable development. Consequently, a number of international and local laws and policy interventions have been established to ensure that natural resource use remains sustainable. In rural areas, overdependence on fuel wood has commonly been identified as one of the biggest threat to forestry ecosystems. This in turn has led to environmental degradation that includes among others species depletion, soil erosion and decline in water and air quality. Based on the myriad problems caused by over-reliance on fuel wood, this study sought to identify usage, management and perceived implication of woodland exploitation in Port St Johns local municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Using interviews and questionnaires for key respondents in the local community, the study identified two key threats to socio-ecological stability resulting from wood fuel exploitation namely; high poverty levels and lack of coordination in the management of wood fuel resources. Apart from using fuel wood for domestic use, local fuel wood exploitation has been commercialized to augment household incomes. Lack of coordination in the management of natural resources has also created a vacuum in the exploitation and management of fuel wood resources. The study did not have inclination towards statistics such as chi-square and t-tests since the research questions and objectives did not refer to any relationship or significance level. The study recommends non-wood based alternative sources of energy, improved coordination and harmonization of functions among different stakeholders and emphasis on collaboration between traditional and local governance in the management fuel wood and the local physical environment. The study further recommends resuscitation of indigenous knowledge and socio-ecological stability
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The implementation of inclusion policy for learners with special education needs: a case study of four primary schools in the Grahamstown District
- Authors: Shadaya, Girlie
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Education and state -- South Africa , Inclusive education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Education, Primary -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Children with disabilities -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Special education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Grahamstown (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: vital:16183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006239 , Education and state -- South Africa , Inclusive education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Education, Primary -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Children with disabilities -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Special education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Grahamstown (South Africa)
- Description: Inclusion is successful when all stakeholders in the education system accept the challenge to work together and to do their fair share of educating all children. Although the teacher has been placed at the heart of the system as a key person in shaping inclusion, the district office (Department of Education), schools, teachers and parents must engage in collaborative team-driven decision making that is focused on interventions designed to enhance social outcomes for learners. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of the inclusion policy for learners with special education needs. This study made use a mixed method research approach which engaged both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. A total of twenty primary school teachers filled a questionnaire that had three parts: (i) Teacher demographics, (ii) Instructional modifications and (iii) Teaching strategies. Interviews, documents and observations were also used to collect data. Data was analysed by statistical and non-statistical procedures. Results showed that the inclusion policy is being implemented in schools. However, there are challenges that are being faced. For one, teachers have not received adequate training with regards to inclusive education. Staff development workshops to try and address this challenge are minimal, there is not enough collaboration being demonstrated by the different stakeholders with regards to support and monitoring the implementation process. The study recommends that all teachers and other personnel in the school receive adequate training. Also, the need for support must be met. Further studies could consider attitudes to inclusive education and the relationship between learner success and teacher preparedness in inclusive educational models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Shadaya, Girlie
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Education and state -- South Africa , Inclusive education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Education, Primary -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Children with disabilities -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Special education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Grahamstown (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: vital:16183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006239 , Education and state -- South Africa , Inclusive education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Education, Primary -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Children with disabilities -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Special education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Grahamstown (South Africa)
- Description: Inclusion is successful when all stakeholders in the education system accept the challenge to work together and to do their fair share of educating all children. Although the teacher has been placed at the heart of the system as a key person in shaping inclusion, the district office (Department of Education), schools, teachers and parents must engage in collaborative team-driven decision making that is focused on interventions designed to enhance social outcomes for learners. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of the inclusion policy for learners with special education needs. This study made use a mixed method research approach which engaged both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. A total of twenty primary school teachers filled a questionnaire that had three parts: (i) Teacher demographics, (ii) Instructional modifications and (iii) Teaching strategies. Interviews, documents and observations were also used to collect data. Data was analysed by statistical and non-statistical procedures. Results showed that the inclusion policy is being implemented in schools. However, there are challenges that are being faced. For one, teachers have not received adequate training with regards to inclusive education. Staff development workshops to try and address this challenge are minimal, there is not enough collaboration being demonstrated by the different stakeholders with regards to support and monitoring the implementation process. The study recommends that all teachers and other personnel in the school receive adequate training. Also, the need for support must be met. Further studies could consider attitudes to inclusive education and the relationship between learner success and teacher preparedness in inclusive educational models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The implacable grandeur of the stranger
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229430 , vital:49673 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10137548.2013.799798"
- Description: South Africa is a nation of strangers, an uneasy mishmash of heterogeneous economic groupings, cultures and languages, a nation of marginalised minorities awkwardly pasted together. Numerous attempts have been made by its government to define and bolster a sense of nationalism and to create a sense of cohesion; however, a shadow side of this appeal for national identity has been the rise in xenophobic violence precipitated by the steady influx of refugees into the country. The title of this article is drawn from Albert Camus’s introduction to his disarming novella of dislocation, L’Etranger (1942), and I would like to explore some of the philosophical implications of representing strangers in different ways. Drawing on works by Zygmunt Bauman, Georg Simmel and Julia Kristeva, I will consider ambivalences towards the stranger represented in Magnet Theatre’s production (2010) of Die Vreemdeling [The Stranger], and pose a few questions about our relationship with the unknown. Attempts to familiarise the constituents of various communities with aspects of each other’s strangeness is a project which has typified much South African theatre in the past; and yet this is an approach which stands in sharp contrast to the importance granted processes of defamiliarisation first proposed so succinctly by Victor Shklovsky in 1917. Instead of attempts to harness and explain the unfamiliarity of others in order to communicate diversity, a celebration of the grandeur of the stranger may provide a more enriching alternative.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229430 , vital:49673 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10137548.2013.799798"
- Description: South Africa is a nation of strangers, an uneasy mishmash of heterogeneous economic groupings, cultures and languages, a nation of marginalised minorities awkwardly pasted together. Numerous attempts have been made by its government to define and bolster a sense of nationalism and to create a sense of cohesion; however, a shadow side of this appeal for national identity has been the rise in xenophobic violence precipitated by the steady influx of refugees into the country. The title of this article is drawn from Albert Camus’s introduction to his disarming novella of dislocation, L’Etranger (1942), and I would like to explore some of the philosophical implications of representing strangers in different ways. Drawing on works by Zygmunt Bauman, Georg Simmel and Julia Kristeva, I will consider ambivalences towards the stranger represented in Magnet Theatre’s production (2010) of Die Vreemdeling [The Stranger], and pose a few questions about our relationship with the unknown. Attempts to familiarise the constituents of various communities with aspects of each other’s strangeness is a project which has typified much South African theatre in the past; and yet this is an approach which stands in sharp contrast to the importance granted processes of defamiliarisation first proposed so succinctly by Victor Shklovsky in 1917. Instead of attempts to harness and explain the unfamiliarity of others in order to communicate diversity, a celebration of the grandeur of the stranger may provide a more enriching alternative.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The impact of violent conflict on rural development : a case study of Mawku Municipal area, Ghana
- Authors: Malik-Kusi, Georgina Leila
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Rural development -- Ghana -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9111 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015016
- Description: Development has suffered a great deal due to the frequent changes that occur in life and these changes inevitably cause conflict. A typical example is the research setting, the Bawku Municipal area in Ghana. This area has suffered severe forms of conflict which in one way or the other have affected the development of the district and the people as a whole. The effect of conflict has not only affected the rural development but also social, human, intellectual, economic and technological developments in general. While the aim of all countries is to develop, some may have reached a stage where they qualify as developed; others are still in the process of reaching their goal; yet others are still struggling to barely survive thus the names ‗developed countries, developing countries and under developed countries‘. Most developing countries are faced with the problem of rural underdevelopment and Ghana is no exception. Most rural areas have been neglected in the development project of the country. Resources are channelled to the urban areas and other places where the government reaps profits; however the Bawku municipal area has not only suffered underdevelopment from government negligence but also from conflict. The district of Bawku has been in tribal war stretching for the past ten years. This has stalled most developmental works from both government and external bodies. The area is one of the poorest places in Ghana; the problem is not only with rural development but social, economic and human development as well.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Malik-Kusi, Georgina Leila
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Rural development -- Ghana -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9111 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015016
- Description: Development has suffered a great deal due to the frequent changes that occur in life and these changes inevitably cause conflict. A typical example is the research setting, the Bawku Municipal area in Ghana. This area has suffered severe forms of conflict which in one way or the other have affected the development of the district and the people as a whole. The effect of conflict has not only affected the rural development but also social, human, intellectual, economic and technological developments in general. While the aim of all countries is to develop, some may have reached a stage where they qualify as developed; others are still in the process of reaching their goal; yet others are still struggling to barely survive thus the names ‗developed countries, developing countries and under developed countries‘. Most developing countries are faced with the problem of rural underdevelopment and Ghana is no exception. Most rural areas have been neglected in the development project of the country. Resources are channelled to the urban areas and other places where the government reaps profits; however the Bawku municipal area has not only suffered underdevelopment from government negligence but also from conflict. The district of Bawku has been in tribal war stretching for the past ten years. This has stalled most developmental works from both government and external bodies. The area is one of the poorest places in Ghana; the problem is not only with rural development but social, economic and human development as well.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The impact of transport costs on household income: the case of Nkonkobe Municipality Alice in the Easten Cape Province
- Authors: Dlwangushe, Sizwe
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Income -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation -- Cost effectiveness , Automobiles -- Fuel consumption , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007130 , Income -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation -- Cost effectiveness , Automobiles -- Fuel consumption , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The study investigated the impact of transport costs on household income the case of Nkonkobe Local Municipality. The objective of the study was to establish the impact of transport costs on household income. To achieve the objective, the study hypothesized that transport costs have a negative impact of household income. The research design of the study that was used include research instrument, research technique, sample size, population and data analysis procedure. However the research instrument that was followed was the questionnaire which contains a set of questions whilst the research technique used to collect primary data was the self-administered questionnaire. The results of the study revealed that households in Nkonkobe Local Municipality were spending more of their income on transport. Finally, the study recommended that subsidies for poor households must be provided by the government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Dlwangushe, Sizwe
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Income -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation -- Cost effectiveness , Automobiles -- Fuel consumption , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007130 , Income -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation -- Cost effectiveness , Automobiles -- Fuel consumption , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The study investigated the impact of transport costs on household income the case of Nkonkobe Local Municipality. The objective of the study was to establish the impact of transport costs on household income. To achieve the objective, the study hypothesized that transport costs have a negative impact of household income. The research design of the study that was used include research instrument, research technique, sample size, population and data analysis procedure. However the research instrument that was followed was the questionnaire which contains a set of questions whilst the research technique used to collect primary data was the self-administered questionnaire. The results of the study revealed that households in Nkonkobe Local Municipality were spending more of their income on transport. Finally, the study recommended that subsidies for poor households must be provided by the government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The impact of the protection of state information bill on media freedom in South Africa
- Jasson Da Costa, Wendy Avril
- Authors: Jasson Da Costa, Wendy Avril
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Freedom of the press -- South Africa -- History , Democracy -- South Africa , South Africa -- Press, History , Press and politics -- South Africa -- History -- 1994-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8269 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014619
- Description: This thesis considers the impact which the Protection of State Information Bill will have on media freedom in South Africa. During apartheid, draconian laws prevented the media from reporting freely, and newspapers as well as the broadcast media were heavily censored. When the country became a democracy in 1994, the political grip on the media faded, and a new era of press freedom began. However, the Protection of State Information Bill is seen as a direct threat to that freedom. The Bill, also known as the Secrecy Bill, will classify state-related information and censor the media who make public or are found to be in possession of, classified information. For journalists this means that the way in which they report and what they report will be severely restricted. The Bill will also impact on the willingness of whistleblowers to come to the fore. This study looks at the importance of a free press, at how the Secrecy Bill evolved, and how opposition parties and civil society set about opposing it. It will examine democracy and its relationship with a free press, and do a policy analysis of the Bill. It will also look at how civil society organisations came together to oppose the Bill, and some of the changes which came about as a result of this opposition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Jasson Da Costa, Wendy Avril
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Freedom of the press -- South Africa -- History , Democracy -- South Africa , South Africa -- Press, History , Press and politics -- South Africa -- History -- 1994-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8269 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014619
- Description: This thesis considers the impact which the Protection of State Information Bill will have on media freedom in South Africa. During apartheid, draconian laws prevented the media from reporting freely, and newspapers as well as the broadcast media were heavily censored. When the country became a democracy in 1994, the political grip on the media faded, and a new era of press freedom began. However, the Protection of State Information Bill is seen as a direct threat to that freedom. The Bill, also known as the Secrecy Bill, will classify state-related information and censor the media who make public or are found to be in possession of, classified information. For journalists this means that the way in which they report and what they report will be severely restricted. The Bill will also impact on the willingness of whistleblowers to come to the fore. This study looks at the importance of a free press, at how the Secrecy Bill evolved, and how opposition parties and civil society set about opposing it. It will examine democracy and its relationship with a free press, and do a policy analysis of the Bill. It will also look at how civil society organisations came together to oppose the Bill, and some of the changes which came about as a result of this opposition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The impact of the new co-operative act on employment and poverty reduction: a case study of sorghum producers in the Eastern Cape province
- Authors: Manciya, Sixolise
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Sorghum industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poor -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Cooperative societies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Economic conditions , Job creation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11180 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001026 , Sorghum industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poor -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Cooperative societies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Economic conditions , Job creation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: In general, traditional co-operatives suffer from free-rider, horizon, portfolio, control and influence problems that starve them of both equity and debt capital. Evidently, the factors which constrain agricultural development also inhibit co-operative development in the former homelands. These factors include socio-economic as well as political factors operating in the environment of the cooperatives. In addition to these external factors, co-operatives have several internal problems such as inefficient management and lack of understanding of the co-operative concept and principles. The New Cooperative Act No. 14 of 2005 was an attempt at addressing these fundamental problems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent towhich cooperatives organized on the basis of this new Act have performed and to ascertainwhether or not they have met the expectations of the policy makers. In order to address these issues a structured questionnaire was used to interview 100 farmers. Farmers were divided into two groups, one group consisting of fifty members and the other fifty non-members; all these farmers were randomly selected from Ndonga and Maqhashu in Lady frère. The study investigated and profiled the socio-economic situation of the communities of Ndonga and Maqhashu with particular emphasis on the employment and poverty situations, as well as the income earning opportunities in the communities. It also undertook a comparison of the members and non-members of the co-operatives in terms of their production results under the sorghum production programmes in the two communities.The data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics which explain some measures of central tendency and dispersion as well as levels of significance. A t-test of independent samples was used to compare the means for the sorghum yields and revenues for non-members and members of the co-operative. Gross margin analysis was also used to determine the financial implications of cooperation for the smallholders. In addition, a multiple regression model and a discriminant function were fitted to determine the factors explaining the differences in performance of members and non-members of the cooperative society. The Gross Margin analysis shows that the cooperatives are operating at a loss, meaning they produce less with high production costs. However, the results also show that the Ndonga and Maqhashu sorghum co-operative did not benefit only its members but the whole community through significant job creation for the local population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Manciya, Sixolise
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Sorghum industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poor -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Cooperative societies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Economic conditions , Job creation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11180 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001026 , Sorghum industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poor -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Cooperative societies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Economic conditions , Job creation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: In general, traditional co-operatives suffer from free-rider, horizon, portfolio, control and influence problems that starve them of both equity and debt capital. Evidently, the factors which constrain agricultural development also inhibit co-operative development in the former homelands. These factors include socio-economic as well as political factors operating in the environment of the cooperatives. In addition to these external factors, co-operatives have several internal problems such as inefficient management and lack of understanding of the co-operative concept and principles. The New Cooperative Act No. 14 of 2005 was an attempt at addressing these fundamental problems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent towhich cooperatives organized on the basis of this new Act have performed and to ascertainwhether or not they have met the expectations of the policy makers. In order to address these issues a structured questionnaire was used to interview 100 farmers. Farmers were divided into two groups, one group consisting of fifty members and the other fifty non-members; all these farmers were randomly selected from Ndonga and Maqhashu in Lady frère. The study investigated and profiled the socio-economic situation of the communities of Ndonga and Maqhashu with particular emphasis on the employment and poverty situations, as well as the income earning opportunities in the communities. It also undertook a comparison of the members and non-members of the co-operatives in terms of their production results under the sorghum production programmes in the two communities.The data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics which explain some measures of central tendency and dispersion as well as levels of significance. A t-test of independent samples was used to compare the means for the sorghum yields and revenues for non-members and members of the co-operative. Gross margin analysis was also used to determine the financial implications of cooperation for the smallholders. In addition, a multiple regression model and a discriminant function were fitted to determine the factors explaining the differences in performance of members and non-members of the cooperative society. The Gross Margin analysis shows that the cooperatives are operating at a loss, meaning they produce less with high production costs. However, the results also show that the Ndonga and Maqhashu sorghum co-operative did not benefit only its members but the whole community through significant job creation for the local population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The impact of the Consumer Protection Act, 2008 on the accomodation segment of the tourism industry
- Authors: Tait, Andrew Mark
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: South Africa -- Consumer Protection Act, 2008 , Consumer protection -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Tourism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , LLD
- Identifier: vital:10247 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019922
- Description: The tourism industry is critically important for the economic well-being of South Africa. This realisation elicited a greater focus on the industry, including greater government regulation thereof. Although the concept of a tourist (consumer of tourism services) will not readily conjure up someone in need of protection, tourists are often exposed to exploitation through unfair business practices. Tourists, by definition, are outside their normal places of residence and often strangers to the environment within which they find themselves. For the important tourism industry to achieve its economic potential the protection of the tourist must be paramount. The introduction of the Consumer Protection Act, 2008 in 2010 was heralded as a new dawn for consumers. The CPA provides consumers, including domestic and foreign tourists, with extensive consumer rights. As the CPA is the first comprehensive legislation aimed at consumer protection the impact of the Act is far from known. The CPA caused considerable uncertainty in the tourism industry establishing a clear need to determine its impact on the segments of the industry. This study focuses on the accommodation segment. The aim of the study therefore is to ascertain the impact of selected consumer rights on the accommodation segment of the tourism industry. An overview of the tourism industry reveals that tourists are becoming more experienced, demanding and discerning. The regulation of the industry is explained. Particularly relevant are latest developments in South Africa, particularly the Draft Tourism Bill, 2011 and the National Tourism Sector Strategy. The consumer protection regime applicable prior to the coming into effect of the CPA was characterised more by ad hoc legislative arrangements than any systematic programme of consumer protection. Consumers were reliant on the common law. However, as part of a larger scheme to improve the socio-economic well-being of the people of South Africa, the government introduced a number of statutes including the CPA. The CPA introduced wide-ranging rights for the protection of consumers and mechanisms to provide effective redress. Selected consumer rights are critically analysed to assess the impact of these rights on the accommodation segment. These include the consumer’s right to equality in the market place; the right to privacy; the right to cancel advance bookings; the right to documentation in plain language; the right to quality service; and the right that a supplier having possession of the property of guest must account for such property. Another important aspect relates to the use of exemption provisions. The use of exemption provisions by suppliers is severely curtailed by the CPA. The use of prepaid vouchers, trade coupons and similar promotions, and customer loyalty programmes are also considered and the rights and obligations for consumers and suppliers respectively are elucidated. Many of the rights considered will have a significant impact on accommodation establishments. Elsewhere the impact may not appear to be as significant as the CPA is merely codifying an existing right or remedy. However, codifying the right, providing examples of the conduct prohibited and providing enforcement mechanisms will increase the efficacy of these rights.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Tait, Andrew Mark
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: South Africa -- Consumer Protection Act, 2008 , Consumer protection -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Tourism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , LLD
- Identifier: vital:10247 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019922
- Description: The tourism industry is critically important for the economic well-being of South Africa. This realisation elicited a greater focus on the industry, including greater government regulation thereof. Although the concept of a tourist (consumer of tourism services) will not readily conjure up someone in need of protection, tourists are often exposed to exploitation through unfair business practices. Tourists, by definition, are outside their normal places of residence and often strangers to the environment within which they find themselves. For the important tourism industry to achieve its economic potential the protection of the tourist must be paramount. The introduction of the Consumer Protection Act, 2008 in 2010 was heralded as a new dawn for consumers. The CPA provides consumers, including domestic and foreign tourists, with extensive consumer rights. As the CPA is the first comprehensive legislation aimed at consumer protection the impact of the Act is far from known. The CPA caused considerable uncertainty in the tourism industry establishing a clear need to determine its impact on the segments of the industry. This study focuses on the accommodation segment. The aim of the study therefore is to ascertain the impact of selected consumer rights on the accommodation segment of the tourism industry. An overview of the tourism industry reveals that tourists are becoming more experienced, demanding and discerning. The regulation of the industry is explained. Particularly relevant are latest developments in South Africa, particularly the Draft Tourism Bill, 2011 and the National Tourism Sector Strategy. The consumer protection regime applicable prior to the coming into effect of the CPA was characterised more by ad hoc legislative arrangements than any systematic programme of consumer protection. Consumers were reliant on the common law. However, as part of a larger scheme to improve the socio-economic well-being of the people of South Africa, the government introduced a number of statutes including the CPA. The CPA introduced wide-ranging rights for the protection of consumers and mechanisms to provide effective redress. Selected consumer rights are critically analysed to assess the impact of these rights on the accommodation segment. These include the consumer’s right to equality in the market place; the right to privacy; the right to cancel advance bookings; the right to documentation in plain language; the right to quality service; and the right that a supplier having possession of the property of guest must account for such property. Another important aspect relates to the use of exemption provisions. The use of exemption provisions by suppliers is severely curtailed by the CPA. The use of prepaid vouchers, trade coupons and similar promotions, and customer loyalty programmes are also considered and the rights and obligations for consumers and suppliers respectively are elucidated. Many of the rights considered will have a significant impact on accommodation establishments. Elsewhere the impact may not appear to be as significant as the CPA is merely codifying an existing right or remedy. However, codifying the right, providing examples of the conduct prohibited and providing enforcement mechanisms will increase the efficacy of these rights.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012