Pollution caused by mine dumps and its control
- Chikusa, Chimwemwe Mainsfield
- Authors: Chikusa, Chimwemwe Mainsfield
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Pollution , Pollution -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Mineral industries -- Waste disposal , Slimes (Mining)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4991 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005603 , Pollution , Pollution -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Mineral industries -- Waste disposal , Slimes (Mining)
- Description: All mine dumps are a point source of either physical, chemical or both forms of pollution. Physical pollution includes the physical site coverage of the dump, slumping of parts of the dams and dust that may originate from it (air pollution). Chemical pollution from, or related to the mine dumps include the dominant acid drainage (which contains heavy metals), radioactivity, electromagnetic radiation, noise and chemicals released from the mineral processing stage. In one way or the other, exposure to these pollution forms is detrimental to the human health and his environment. It is this fact that urges the public, government and the responsible mining companies to find ways of monitoring the pollution and stopping it, preferably at the source. Where it can not be stopped, techniques of reducing it, or containing it have been, and are still being developed. Personal protection is the priority. Pollution exposure to the general public is minimised as much as possible. Pollution control techniques that employ less expensive, natural, self-sustaining elements suitable for the environment such as wetlands and vegetation are recommended. The artificial short term and often expensive alternatives are of secondary priority. However, choice of which technique to use is based on the merit of each problem, knowing that chemicals act faster but are effective for a short period as compared to the natural systems. Pollution management is the critical part of the whole process. This involves decision making on courses of action and financial allocation on the part of both the polluter and the monitoring department/agent. The ability to effectively manage pollution programmes is achieved these days with the aid of computers. It is emphasised that pollution control should be handled in an integrated, multi-disciplinary approach manner. This is because pollution is a question of life and death, hence every individual remains accountable to it. Keeping the public and the concerned parties educated, informed and welcoming their concerns on the environmental issues related to the mine dumps generated in a mining venture is essential in the modern days of environmental public awareness, or otherwise face the public lath.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Chikusa, Chimwemwe Mainsfield
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Pollution , Pollution -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Mineral industries -- Waste disposal , Slimes (Mining)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4991 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005603 , Pollution , Pollution -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Mineral industries -- Waste disposal , Slimes (Mining)
- Description: All mine dumps are a point source of either physical, chemical or both forms of pollution. Physical pollution includes the physical site coverage of the dump, slumping of parts of the dams and dust that may originate from it (air pollution). Chemical pollution from, or related to the mine dumps include the dominant acid drainage (which contains heavy metals), radioactivity, electromagnetic radiation, noise and chemicals released from the mineral processing stage. In one way or the other, exposure to these pollution forms is detrimental to the human health and his environment. It is this fact that urges the public, government and the responsible mining companies to find ways of monitoring the pollution and stopping it, preferably at the source. Where it can not be stopped, techniques of reducing it, or containing it have been, and are still being developed. Personal protection is the priority. Pollution exposure to the general public is minimised as much as possible. Pollution control techniques that employ less expensive, natural, self-sustaining elements suitable for the environment such as wetlands and vegetation are recommended. The artificial short term and often expensive alternatives are of secondary priority. However, choice of which technique to use is based on the merit of each problem, knowing that chemicals act faster but are effective for a short period as compared to the natural systems. Pollution management is the critical part of the whole process. This involves decision making on courses of action and financial allocation on the part of both the polluter and the monitoring department/agent. The ability to effectively manage pollution programmes is achieved these days with the aid of computers. It is emphasised that pollution control should be handled in an integrated, multi-disciplinary approach manner. This is because pollution is a question of life and death, hence every individual remains accountable to it. Keeping the public and the concerned parties educated, informed and welcoming their concerns on the environmental issues related to the mine dumps generated in a mining venture is essential in the modern days of environmental public awareness, or otherwise face the public lath.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
A case study of a series of process writing workshops for teachers of English as a second language
- Authors: Claude, Marianne
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers English language -- Writing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1433 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003314
- Description: The case study, which is described in this thesis, is concerned with two aspects of second language teaching and learning, namely process writing and 'teacher development'. Ten Zulu speaking, English second language teachers in Durban, Natal, participated in a series of process writing workshops. Before the workshops, they were given opportunities to reflect, in interviews, upon their own past and present writing practices. After the workshops there were follow-up interviews to elicit their further understanding of what is involved in writing. The workshop materials were compiled and written by the researcher. The aims of the research project were, in summary, the following: to let the teachers, who are teachers of writing in their classrooms, become participating writers themselves; to make the process writing workshops be a reflective activity through which the participants would develop as teachers. The entire case study is positioned within critical theory, as a philosophical framework, in which the teachers' reflections upon their writing experiences is seen as emancipatory practice. The research project was small scale and predominantly qualitative. A narrative, 'explanation-building' analysis of the entire findings forms the major part of the thesis. The writing workshops gave the teachers in this study occasion to experience process writing; furthermore they were enabled to reflect in detail on their experiences. It is suggested that teacher training colleges and in-service courses incorporate the 'writing workshops for teachers ' concept, as an activity for growth and development. Further research may take the form of long term action research into how teachers who have attended such workshops implement the insights they have gained in their classrooms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Claude, Marianne
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers English language -- Writing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1433 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003314
- Description: The case study, which is described in this thesis, is concerned with two aspects of second language teaching and learning, namely process writing and 'teacher development'. Ten Zulu speaking, English second language teachers in Durban, Natal, participated in a series of process writing workshops. Before the workshops, they were given opportunities to reflect, in interviews, upon their own past and present writing practices. After the workshops there were follow-up interviews to elicit their further understanding of what is involved in writing. The workshop materials were compiled and written by the researcher. The aims of the research project were, in summary, the following: to let the teachers, who are teachers of writing in their classrooms, become participating writers themselves; to make the process writing workshops be a reflective activity through which the participants would develop as teachers. The entire case study is positioned within critical theory, as a philosophical framework, in which the teachers' reflections upon their writing experiences is seen as emancipatory practice. The research project was small scale and predominantly qualitative. A narrative, 'explanation-building' analysis of the entire findings forms the major part of the thesis. The writing workshops gave the teachers in this study occasion to experience process writing; furthermore they were enabled to reflect in detail on their experiences. It is suggested that teacher training colleges and in-service courses incorporate the 'writing workshops for teachers ' concept, as an activity for growth and development. Further research may take the form of long term action research into how teachers who have attended such workshops implement the insights they have gained in their classrooms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
John N. Muafangejo, 1943-1987 : a perspective on his lino-cuts with special reference to the University of Bophuthatswana Print Collection
- Authors: Cole, Collin
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Muafangejo, John N., 1943-1987 -- Criticism and interpretation Linoleum block-printing -- Art collections Art, Namibian
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2398 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002194
- Description: By way of an analysis of the lino-cuts executed by Muafangejo, firstly elements and influences that are evident in terms associated with his works, will be traced, for example 'primitive' and 'traditional' elements. Secondly, the characteristics that are particular to this artist's work will be defined. It is believed that by using this avenue of approach, a clearer understanding of the artist's traditional world and possibly the stylistic placement of the artist can be attained. However, to rely only on historical and cultural influences to give a perspective of his work, will not be sufficient. It will only highlight a portion of the evidence needed to fully understand his work. (From the introduction).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Cole, Collin
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Muafangejo, John N., 1943-1987 -- Criticism and interpretation Linoleum block-printing -- Art collections Art, Namibian
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2398 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002194
- Description: By way of an analysis of the lino-cuts executed by Muafangejo, firstly elements and influences that are evident in terms associated with his works, will be traced, for example 'primitive' and 'traditional' elements. Secondly, the characteristics that are particular to this artist's work will be defined. It is believed that by using this avenue of approach, a clearer understanding of the artist's traditional world and possibly the stylistic placement of the artist can be attained. However, to rely only on historical and cultural influences to give a perspective of his work, will not be sufficient. It will only highlight a portion of the evidence needed to fully understand his work. (From the introduction).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Computer assisted language learning for academic development programmes : an appraisal of needs, resources and approaches
- Authors: Collett, Philip Godfrey
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: English language -- Computer-assisted instruction Language arts -- Computer-assisted instruction Language acquisition Computers and literacy English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers Computer-assisted instruction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1457 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003338
- Description: A major objective of Academic Development Programmes is to support the student in acquiring a level of language competence which is sufficient to enable the student to cope with the linguistic demands of academic courses. Language teaching programmes in the Academic Development context in South Africa suffer from a number of constraints: staffing, time on task, relevance, and difficulty of integration with learning in other coUrses. A review of developments in the field of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) shows that computers can be used to support language learning. CALL materials range from simple instructional programs to powerful linguistic research tools and need to be integrated into wider language programmes so as to support and enhance other teaching and learning activities. However, relatively little research has been done to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of CALL in language development courses within Academic Development programmes in South Africa. The development of a system designed to enable students to practise proof-reading and editing is described and evaluated. Suggestions are made for using this system with other CALL materials within a computer assisted language development environment. It is argued that CALL can be used feasibly and effectively in this environment to enhance learning and to counteract constraints.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Collett, Philip Godfrey
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: English language -- Computer-assisted instruction Language arts -- Computer-assisted instruction Language acquisition Computers and literacy English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers Computer-assisted instruction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1457 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003338
- Description: A major objective of Academic Development Programmes is to support the student in acquiring a level of language competence which is sufficient to enable the student to cope with the linguistic demands of academic courses. Language teaching programmes in the Academic Development context in South Africa suffer from a number of constraints: staffing, time on task, relevance, and difficulty of integration with learning in other coUrses. A review of developments in the field of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) shows that computers can be used to support language learning. CALL materials range from simple instructional programs to powerful linguistic research tools and need to be integrated into wider language programmes so as to support and enhance other teaching and learning activities. However, relatively little research has been done to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of CALL in language development courses within Academic Development programmes in South Africa. The development of a system designed to enable students to practise proof-reading and editing is described and evaluated. Suggestions are made for using this system with other CALL materials within a computer assisted language development environment. It is argued that CALL can be used feasibly and effectively in this environment to enhance learning and to counteract constraints.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Site Tax Campaign Manual
- COSATU
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/137159 , vital:37493
- Description: Since 1989 most workers in South Africa have had their wages taxed under the Site Tax system. SITE stands for Standard Income Tax on Employees. Under the Site Tax system, the employer is responsible for making sure that workers pay the correct, amount of tax. This is different from the old Pay As You Earn (PAYE) system where the Receiver of Revenue had to make sure that the amount of tax paid was correct. Now the employer works out how much tax has to be paid from the personal information, such as number of children, given to them by each worker. But COSATU has seen that many workers have been taxed too much by their employers. This is mostly because no-one has explained to workers how the Site Tax system works and what tax reductions they are entitled to.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/137159 , vital:37493
- Description: Since 1989 most workers in South Africa have had their wages taxed under the Site Tax system. SITE stands for Standard Income Tax on Employees. Under the Site Tax system, the employer is responsible for making sure that workers pay the correct, amount of tax. This is different from the old Pay As You Earn (PAYE) system where the Receiver of Revenue had to make sure that the amount of tax paid was correct. Now the employer works out how much tax has to be paid from the personal information, such as number of children, given to them by each worker. But COSATU has seen that many workers have been taxed too much by their employers. This is mostly because no-one has explained to workers how the Site Tax system works and what tax reductions they are entitled to.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Towards developing a long term stratergy for COSATU
- COSATU
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176133 , vital:42662
- Description: The aim of this discussion document is to begin a debate about the future role of COSATU. Its success will depend on concrete debate, discussion by membership and criticism of issues and/or direction. The analysis of the past three years will be addressed in a separate paper in preparation for the CEC and 5th National Congress] Since our inception, our guiding principle has been to bring about the transfer of power to the people. The present political settlement, no matter how flawed, takes us a step closer to that goal. All polls indicate that barring a miracle, the ANC will have around 60% representation in the next parliament and Government of National Unity and Reconstruction. This will indeed represent a break with the past and a real victory for workers and the country as a whole.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176133 , vital:42662
- Description: The aim of this discussion document is to begin a debate about the future role of COSATU. Its success will depend on concrete debate, discussion by membership and criticism of issues and/or direction. The analysis of the past three years will be addressed in a separate paper in preparation for the CEC and 5th National Congress] Since our inception, our guiding principle has been to bring about the transfer of power to the people. The present political settlement, no matter how flawed, takes us a step closer to that goal. All polls indicate that barring a miracle, the ANC will have around 60% representation in the next parliament and Government of National Unity and Reconstruction. This will indeed represent a break with the past and a real victory for workers and the country as a whole.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Maps for Africa
- Authors: Cosser, M , West, Walter O
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:555 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020643
- Description: [Introduction] Opening address by Oakley West at exhibition: Maps: Knowledge and Power - A Teaching Exhibition at the Albany Museum, November 1992. Maps, like art, reflect man's perception of the world in which he lives. Often they are coloured both by the known and unknown, by fact and fancy, myth and mystery. Maps are not just merely bits of paper. They are, and have been, important instruments in conquest and empire building. They reflect not only the perceived glory of war and occupation, but survival under siege, the protection or defence of people, property and resources, and, believe it or not, the accidental inheritance of territory, like India. Maps reflect the build-up of nations bent on expansion, resulting in the dreadful years of trench warfare in 1914 - 1918. And who of us can honestly admit that we knew exactly where Kuwait was before that conflict began? Thus in many cases lands were often first claimed on paper before they were effectively occupied. It has been said that no place is truly discovered until it has been mapped and as much as guns and warships, they have played significant roles in manifesting the realities of conquest and empire building. Maps are storehouses of knowledge and information and often it is in that very knowledge that lies the power to conquer, control, defend, divide or develop, to govern or administer or even mislead or misinform. This exhibition attempts to trace almost 2 000 years of cartography. It starts with the great insights of Claudius Ptolomy and his Geographia, continues through the retrogressive perceptions of the Church fathers and their decrees that Jerusalem was the centre of the world, to the perception of a flat Earth and a rather whimsical look at modern "upside-down" cartography which has proved to be only 300 years late in its conception. One can explore the opening up of the dark continent of Africa with its myths and mysteries, the source of the Nile, Mountains of the Moon and the mythical kingdom of Monomatapa. One can "see" the gradual growth of knowledge as first the coasts and later the interior was discovered and made known by men like Diaz, Da Gama, Livingstone, Stanley and Andersson. The discoveries of these explorers were recorded in the great maps of cartographers like John Arrowsmith and Henry Hall, the former incidentally never ever having visited Africa. A quantum leap takes us to some of the newest techniques, the satellite image, which still reflects the historical heritage in the shapes and patterns formed, in what has become known as Settler Country, from as early as the 1800s. By these images one is still able to appreciate the ravages of drought, overgrazing and perhaps the mismanagement of natural resources. Maps show us a different Grahamstown, a Graham's Town lit by gaslamp light. They help us to "see" prison gangs building the Queen's Road to Fort Beaufort, or appreciate the scramble for river frontage farming land. We see the early conceptualization of a harbour scheme at the mouth of the Kowie River, dreamed of by those intent on opening up a gateway to the Eastern Frontier through its wide waters. (A scheme, incidentally, which finally found a different, but nonetheless effective, realisation in the Marina built in the 1990s). Dreams were dreamed of a wide-spread colonial administration, though not without its nostalgic overtones: King William's Town would be the principal town in the county of Middlesex and Komga that of the county Cambridge in British Kaffraria! One can trace in maps the expanding horizons of the colonial powers as they appropriated land in the name of civilisation. As the church and the courts moved in to replace tribal customs and laws, maps reflected the more tangible results of expansion - telegraph, road and rail networks, as well as the more abstract and intangible - the spread of violence. On the other hand, we can follow the development of a great city, the city of London, though almost 400 years, witnessing the growth of its urban sprawl, the depiction of the famous bridges over. the Thames and who could not but be thrilled by the panoramic sweep of London from the Houses of Parliament through St Pauls to the sailing ship harbour, cartography par excellence which evidences the birth of a rail system with engines looking distinctly more akin to Stevenson's rocket than the locomotives we are used to seeing. An exceptionally fine relief model of the Western and Southern Cape coastal area serves to highlight the unending struggle of cartographers to portray that troublesome third dimension, height, on flat pieces of paper. Such struggles are revealed both in maps of topographic landscape as well as the urban complex - some successful, some not so. Finally, the exhibition touches lightly on the wonders of satellite imagery and the coming of the computer to cartography, as in all things. An attempt is made to explain in simple terms the art, science and technology of the cartographer in the production of the multicoloured maps we are all so familiar with.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Cosser, M , West, Walter O
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:555 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020643
- Description: [Introduction] Opening address by Oakley West at exhibition: Maps: Knowledge and Power - A Teaching Exhibition at the Albany Museum, November 1992. Maps, like art, reflect man's perception of the world in which he lives. Often they are coloured both by the known and unknown, by fact and fancy, myth and mystery. Maps are not just merely bits of paper. They are, and have been, important instruments in conquest and empire building. They reflect not only the perceived glory of war and occupation, but survival under siege, the protection or defence of people, property and resources, and, believe it or not, the accidental inheritance of territory, like India. Maps reflect the build-up of nations bent on expansion, resulting in the dreadful years of trench warfare in 1914 - 1918. And who of us can honestly admit that we knew exactly where Kuwait was before that conflict began? Thus in many cases lands were often first claimed on paper before they were effectively occupied. It has been said that no place is truly discovered until it has been mapped and as much as guns and warships, they have played significant roles in manifesting the realities of conquest and empire building. Maps are storehouses of knowledge and information and often it is in that very knowledge that lies the power to conquer, control, defend, divide or develop, to govern or administer or even mislead or misinform. This exhibition attempts to trace almost 2 000 years of cartography. It starts with the great insights of Claudius Ptolomy and his Geographia, continues through the retrogressive perceptions of the Church fathers and their decrees that Jerusalem was the centre of the world, to the perception of a flat Earth and a rather whimsical look at modern "upside-down" cartography which has proved to be only 300 years late in its conception. One can explore the opening up of the dark continent of Africa with its myths and mysteries, the source of the Nile, Mountains of the Moon and the mythical kingdom of Monomatapa. One can "see" the gradual growth of knowledge as first the coasts and later the interior was discovered and made known by men like Diaz, Da Gama, Livingstone, Stanley and Andersson. The discoveries of these explorers were recorded in the great maps of cartographers like John Arrowsmith and Henry Hall, the former incidentally never ever having visited Africa. A quantum leap takes us to some of the newest techniques, the satellite image, which still reflects the historical heritage in the shapes and patterns formed, in what has become known as Settler Country, from as early as the 1800s. By these images one is still able to appreciate the ravages of drought, overgrazing and perhaps the mismanagement of natural resources. Maps show us a different Grahamstown, a Graham's Town lit by gaslamp light. They help us to "see" prison gangs building the Queen's Road to Fort Beaufort, or appreciate the scramble for river frontage farming land. We see the early conceptualization of a harbour scheme at the mouth of the Kowie River, dreamed of by those intent on opening up a gateway to the Eastern Frontier through its wide waters. (A scheme, incidentally, which finally found a different, but nonetheless effective, realisation in the Marina built in the 1990s). Dreams were dreamed of a wide-spread colonial administration, though not without its nostalgic overtones: King William's Town would be the principal town in the county of Middlesex and Komga that of the county Cambridge in British Kaffraria! One can trace in maps the expanding horizons of the colonial powers as they appropriated land in the name of civilisation. As the church and the courts moved in to replace tribal customs and laws, maps reflected the more tangible results of expansion - telegraph, road and rail networks, as well as the more abstract and intangible - the spread of violence. On the other hand, we can follow the development of a great city, the city of London, though almost 400 years, witnessing the growth of its urban sprawl, the depiction of the famous bridges over. the Thames and who could not but be thrilled by the panoramic sweep of London from the Houses of Parliament through St Pauls to the sailing ship harbour, cartography par excellence which evidences the birth of a rail system with engines looking distinctly more akin to Stevenson's rocket than the locomotives we are used to seeing. An exceptionally fine relief model of the Western and Southern Cape coastal area serves to highlight the unending struggle of cartographers to portray that troublesome third dimension, height, on flat pieces of paper. Such struggles are revealed both in maps of topographic landscape as well as the urban complex - some successful, some not so. Finally, the exhibition touches lightly on the wonders of satellite imagery and the coming of the computer to cartography, as in all things. An attempt is made to explain in simple terms the art, science and technology of the cartographer in the production of the multicoloured maps we are all so familiar with.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
A combination of a stationary and non-stationary model to predict corporate failure in South Africa
- Authors: Court, Philip Wathen
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Bankruptcy -- South Africa Business planning -- South Africa Business failures -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002800
- Description: Business failure should be of concern in most industralised countries and the importance of accurately evaluating the phenomenon from a management and investment point of view is enormous. Were it possible to predict failure with a certain degree of confidence, steps could be taken to rectify the situation and the benefit would accrue to all of the stakeholders in the macroenvironment. In essence, the profitability of a business is influenced by two sets of variables. In the first instance, it is influenced by a variety of internal (microeconomic) variables which are firm- specific and which management is generally able to control. A further distinction in this regard may be made between the financial and non-financial variables. In the second instance, it is generally accepted that profitability will be influenced by a number of external (macroeconomic) variables which are generally beyond the control of management. In the main, however, the profitability of the firm is generally determined by a combination of both sets of factors. To date, a great deal of research has been undertaken in an attempt to establish a reliable model which may be used to predict failure. This has mainly been confined to the microeconomic variables which can be used to predict failure and attempts have been made to isolate either a single financial ratio or a number of financial and non-financial variables which can be used to model corporate failure. The research has met with a certain degree of success although this appears to be confined to the economic environment to which the models have been applied. The models are less successful when applied to other macroenvironments. Limited research has been undertaken into the macroeconomic variables which contribute to business failure or to a combination of the two types of variables. It is appropriate therefore that further consideration be given to the establishment of a model incorporating ALL the variables which could contribute to corporate failure. The purpose of this research is to undertake an investigation of micro- and macroeconomic variables that are freely available to reserachers and which may be used in a failure prediction model. The intention is to obtain a comprehensive, yet simple model which can be used as an overall predictor of PENDING failure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Court, Philip Wathen
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Bankruptcy -- South Africa Business planning -- South Africa Business failures -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002800
- Description: Business failure should be of concern in most industralised countries and the importance of accurately evaluating the phenomenon from a management and investment point of view is enormous. Were it possible to predict failure with a certain degree of confidence, steps could be taken to rectify the situation and the benefit would accrue to all of the stakeholders in the macroenvironment. In essence, the profitability of a business is influenced by two sets of variables. In the first instance, it is influenced by a variety of internal (microeconomic) variables which are firm- specific and which management is generally able to control. A further distinction in this regard may be made between the financial and non-financial variables. In the second instance, it is generally accepted that profitability will be influenced by a number of external (macroeconomic) variables which are generally beyond the control of management. In the main, however, the profitability of the firm is generally determined by a combination of both sets of factors. To date, a great deal of research has been undertaken in an attempt to establish a reliable model which may be used to predict failure. This has mainly been confined to the microeconomic variables which can be used to predict failure and attempts have been made to isolate either a single financial ratio or a number of financial and non-financial variables which can be used to model corporate failure. The research has met with a certain degree of success although this appears to be confined to the economic environment to which the models have been applied. The models are less successful when applied to other macroenvironments. Limited research has been undertaken into the macroeconomic variables which contribute to business failure or to a combination of the two types of variables. It is appropriate therefore that further consideration be given to the establishment of a model incorporating ALL the variables which could contribute to corporate failure. The purpose of this research is to undertake an investigation of micro- and macroeconomic variables that are freely available to reserachers and which may be used in a failure prediction model. The intention is to obtain a comprehensive, yet simple model which can be used as an overall predictor of PENDING failure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Lifestyle orientation of high versus low achievers in traditional school sports: an holistic analysis
- Authors: Davies, Simeon
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: School sports Achievement motivation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5147 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009501
- Description: One hundred and four subjects aged 16-18 years volunteered to participate in this study which sought to identify via an holistic model those factors that characterise the lifestyle orientations of high and low achievers (male and female) in traditional school sport. Subjects were evaluated with respect to their anthropometric, physiological, psychological and perceptual responses. The data were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVAS for significant differences in the following pairs; males and females, high and low achievers, Mhi (male high achievers) and Mlo (male low achievers), and Fhi (female high achievers) and Flo (female low achievers). Anthropometric results indicate that Fhi and Flo were significantly different in their stature, mass and body fat, while Mhi and Mlo show no significant differences. A greater disparity existed between VO, max of Fhi and Flo compared with Mhi and Mlo, along with trends in heart rate and RPE responses that were also more divergent. Psychological responses indicate that Fhi and Flo were significantly different in five of the seven sub-domains of CATPA, while Mhi and Mlo were only identifiable in one. In the PSPP Fhi and Flo were significantly different in all five subscales, while Mhi and Mlo in only two. This contrast in variability between the paired group analysis of Fhi and Flo as compared to Mhi and Mlo appears throughout the data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Davies, Simeon
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: School sports Achievement motivation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5147 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009501
- Description: One hundred and four subjects aged 16-18 years volunteered to participate in this study which sought to identify via an holistic model those factors that characterise the lifestyle orientations of high and low achievers (male and female) in traditional school sport. Subjects were evaluated with respect to their anthropometric, physiological, psychological and perceptual responses. The data were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVAS for significant differences in the following pairs; males and females, high and low achievers, Mhi (male high achievers) and Mlo (male low achievers), and Fhi (female high achievers) and Flo (female low achievers). Anthropometric results indicate that Fhi and Flo were significantly different in their stature, mass and body fat, while Mhi and Mlo show no significant differences. A greater disparity existed between VO, max of Fhi and Flo compared with Mhi and Mlo, along with trends in heart rate and RPE responses that were also more divergent. Psychological responses indicate that Fhi and Flo were significantly different in five of the seven sub-domains of CATPA, while Mhi and Mlo were only identifiable in one. In the PSPP Fhi and Flo were significantly different in all five subscales, while Mhi and Mlo in only two. This contrast in variability between the paired group analysis of Fhi and Flo as compared to Mhi and Mlo appears throughout the data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Means and ends: the Development Forum movement in the greater Eastern Cape region
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1741 , vital:20221 , ISBN 0868102709
- Description: The emergence of development and other kinds of forums in South Africa is but one manifestation of the process of dynamic change that characterises the nineties. The Eastern Cape is no exception in this regard and, in terms of regional forums, its people and institutions have been in the vanguard of the phenomenon in the country. By providing opportunities for discussion, consultation and interaction at an unprecedented scale, the forum movement has brought many diverse people together and forged hitherto unlikely relationships. The Development Studies Unit has been part of that process, and this Working Paper reflects upon the origins, intent and prospects of the forum movement up to the run-up to the April 1994 elections. It is a baseline document that will be revisited in due course to assess the extent to which the movement has made a difference and where its subsequent future lies. The work was undertaken principally with the DSU’s own resources, together with assistance from the Urban Foundation, and reflects the outcome of a significant proportion of the DSU’s recent research involvements. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1741 , vital:20221 , ISBN 0868102709
- Description: The emergence of development and other kinds of forums in South Africa is but one manifestation of the process of dynamic change that characterises the nineties. The Eastern Cape is no exception in this regard and, in terms of regional forums, its people and institutions have been in the vanguard of the phenomenon in the country. By providing opportunities for discussion, consultation and interaction at an unprecedented scale, the forum movement has brought many diverse people together and forged hitherto unlikely relationships. The Development Studies Unit has been part of that process, and this Working Paper reflects upon the origins, intent and prospects of the forum movement up to the run-up to the April 1994 elections. It is a baseline document that will be revisited in due course to assess the extent to which the movement has made a difference and where its subsequent future lies. The work was undertaken principally with the DSU’s own resources, together with assistance from the Urban Foundation, and reflects the outcome of a significant proportion of the DSU’s recent research involvements. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Methods for assessing the susceptibility of freshwater ecosystems in Southern Africa to invasion by alien aquatic animals
- Authors: De Moor, Irene J
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Biotic communities -- South Africa , Animal introduction , Freshwater ecology -- Africa, Southern , Animal introduction -- South Africa , Geographic information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5300 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005145
- Description: Two methods for predicting regions susceptible to invasion by alien aquatic animals were developed for southern Africa (excluding Zimbabwe and Mozambique). In the "traditional" (data-poor) approach, distributions of three categories of alien "indicator" species (warm mesothermal, cold stenothermal and eurytopic) were compared to seven existing biogeographical models of distribution patterns of various animals in southern Africa. On the basis of these comparisons a synthesis model was developed which divided southern Africa into seven regions characterised by their susceptibility to invasion by alien aquatic animals with particular habitat requirements. In the "data-rich," geographic information systems (GIS) approach, the distribution of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta) in selected "sampled regions" was related to elevation (as a surrogate of water temperature) and median annual rainfall (MAR) (as a surrogate of water availability). Using concentration analysis, optimum conditions for trout were identified. Regions within a larger "predictive area" which satisfied these conditions, were plotted as a digital map using the IDRISI package. Using this method seven models of potential trout distribution were generated for the following regions: northern Natal (two); southern Natal/Lesotho/Transkei (three), eastern Cape (two) and western Cape (two). Since two of the models were used to refine the methods, only five models were considered for the final assessment. In a modification of the GIS method, another model of potential trout distribution, based on mean monthly July minimum air temperature and MAR parameters, was developed for the region bounded by 29º - 34º S and 26 º - 32°E. This model showed marked similarities to another model, developed for the region bounded by 29 º - 32°S and 26º - 32°E, which was based on elevation and MAR parameters. The validity of the models developed was assessed by independent experts. Of the six models considered, four received favourable judgements, one was equivocal and one was judged to be poor. Based on these assessments it was concluded that the GIS method has credibility and could be used to develop a "data-rich" model of the susceptibility of southern Africa to invasion by alien aquatic animals. This method represents an alternative to the bioclimatic matching approach developed by scientists in Australia. The GIS method has a number of advantages over the "traditional" method: it is more amenable to testing, has greater flexibility, stores more information, produces images of a finer resolution, and can be easily updated. The traditional method has the advantage of being less expensive and requiring a less extensive database.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: De Moor, Irene J
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Biotic communities -- South Africa , Animal introduction , Freshwater ecology -- Africa, Southern , Animal introduction -- South Africa , Geographic information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5300 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005145
- Description: Two methods for predicting regions susceptible to invasion by alien aquatic animals were developed for southern Africa (excluding Zimbabwe and Mozambique). In the "traditional" (data-poor) approach, distributions of three categories of alien "indicator" species (warm mesothermal, cold stenothermal and eurytopic) were compared to seven existing biogeographical models of distribution patterns of various animals in southern Africa. On the basis of these comparisons a synthesis model was developed which divided southern Africa into seven regions characterised by their susceptibility to invasion by alien aquatic animals with particular habitat requirements. In the "data-rich," geographic information systems (GIS) approach, the distribution of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta) in selected "sampled regions" was related to elevation (as a surrogate of water temperature) and median annual rainfall (MAR) (as a surrogate of water availability). Using concentration analysis, optimum conditions for trout were identified. Regions within a larger "predictive area" which satisfied these conditions, were plotted as a digital map using the IDRISI package. Using this method seven models of potential trout distribution were generated for the following regions: northern Natal (two); southern Natal/Lesotho/Transkei (three), eastern Cape (two) and western Cape (two). Since two of the models were used to refine the methods, only five models were considered for the final assessment. In a modification of the GIS method, another model of potential trout distribution, based on mean monthly July minimum air temperature and MAR parameters, was developed for the region bounded by 29º - 34º S and 26 º - 32°E. This model showed marked similarities to another model, developed for the region bounded by 29 º - 32°S and 26º - 32°E, which was based on elevation and MAR parameters. The validity of the models developed was assessed by independent experts. Of the six models considered, four received favourable judgements, one was equivocal and one was judged to be poor. Based on these assessments it was concluded that the GIS method has credibility and could be used to develop a "data-rich" model of the susceptibility of southern Africa to invasion by alien aquatic animals. This method represents an alternative to the bioclimatic matching approach developed by scientists in Australia. The GIS method has a number of advantages over the "traditional" method: it is more amenable to testing, has greater flexibility, stores more information, produces images of a finer resolution, and can be easily updated. The traditional method has the advantage of being less expensive and requiring a less extensive database.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
The impact of the end of the Cold War on transition in South Africa
- Authors: Du Preez, Roni
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Cold War , International relations , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1989-1994 , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- 1989-1994 , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1978-1989 , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- 1978-1989
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2773 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002983 , Cold War , International relations , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1989-1994 , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- 1989-1994 , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1978-1989 , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- 1978-1989
- Description: This thesis argues that F.W. de Klerk's historic February 1990 speech was the end product of a set of circumstances in recent South African and global history which made possible the new phase of transitional politics which South Africa is currently experiencing. It seeks to establish that of all the factors that contributed to change, it was the late 1980s thaw in the Cold War, and its resultant repercussions internationally and regionally which was the catalytic factor which made the new era possible. In all the literature on transition there has been no comprehensive analysis of the plausible link between the two superpowers agreeing in the mid-1980s to abandon confrontational practices and to change their approaches to regional conflicts and the South African government agreeing to negotiate for a new political dispensation. This thesis will seek to establish and analyse such a link. By 1986 there was in certain governmental circles a non-public view that the policy of apartheid had failed both as a solution to the problem of black political aspirations and as a legitimating ideology. Constraining any serious move towards political change was a widely held fear at the top level of government that an accelerated reform process would make South Africa vulnerable to external aggression and internal revolutionary forces. This thesis suggests that the collapse of communist rule in Eastern Europe and the 'new political thinking' in Soviet foreign policy resulted in the notion of a communist-inspired total onslaught against South Africa losing currency - as did the position of those within the ruling elite who remained dogmatically attached to it. The end of the Cold War is the common thread which links South Africa's international , regional and domestic environments. Two important events occurred in the international and regional arenas, which against the backdrop of the end of the Cold War, strengthened the credibility of the alternative view in government: (i) the October 1986 Reykjavik Summit and (ii) the South African Defence Force setback at Cuito Cuanavale. P.W. Botha's resignation as leader of the National Party and soon after as State President created the political space through which the view of the reformers could emerge as dominant. Recognising that neither the international nor regional environments sustained the beliefs and fears held by the military hawks, F.W. de Klerk was able to capitalise on the ambience of negotiations and apply it to the South African situation. De Klerk's February 1990 speech was therefore the culmination of a process which had its origins in the mid-1980's.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Du Preez, Roni
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Cold War , International relations , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1989-1994 , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- 1989-1994 , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1978-1989 , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- 1978-1989
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2773 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002983 , Cold War , International relations , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1989-1994 , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- 1989-1994 , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1978-1989 , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- 1978-1989
- Description: This thesis argues that F.W. de Klerk's historic February 1990 speech was the end product of a set of circumstances in recent South African and global history which made possible the new phase of transitional politics which South Africa is currently experiencing. It seeks to establish that of all the factors that contributed to change, it was the late 1980s thaw in the Cold War, and its resultant repercussions internationally and regionally which was the catalytic factor which made the new era possible. In all the literature on transition there has been no comprehensive analysis of the plausible link between the two superpowers agreeing in the mid-1980s to abandon confrontational practices and to change their approaches to regional conflicts and the South African government agreeing to negotiate for a new political dispensation. This thesis will seek to establish and analyse such a link. By 1986 there was in certain governmental circles a non-public view that the policy of apartheid had failed both as a solution to the problem of black political aspirations and as a legitimating ideology. Constraining any serious move towards political change was a widely held fear at the top level of government that an accelerated reform process would make South Africa vulnerable to external aggression and internal revolutionary forces. This thesis suggests that the collapse of communist rule in Eastern Europe and the 'new political thinking' in Soviet foreign policy resulted in the notion of a communist-inspired total onslaught against South Africa losing currency - as did the position of those within the ruling elite who remained dogmatically attached to it. The end of the Cold War is the common thread which links South Africa's international , regional and domestic environments. Two important events occurred in the international and regional arenas, which against the backdrop of the end of the Cold War, strengthened the credibility of the alternative view in government: (i) the October 1986 Reykjavik Summit and (ii) the South African Defence Force setback at Cuito Cuanavale. P.W. Botha's resignation as leader of the National Party and soon after as State President created the political space through which the view of the reformers could emerge as dominant. Recognising that neither the international nor regional environments sustained the beliefs and fears held by the military hawks, F.W. de Klerk was able to capitalise on the ambience of negotiations and apply it to the South African situation. De Klerk's February 1990 speech was therefore the culmination of a process which had its origins in the mid-1980's.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
South Africa's post-apartheid foreign policy : towards a diplomacy of trade
- Authors: Dullabh, Nitesh Amratlal
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Foreign trade regulation -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2774 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002984 , Foreign trade regulation -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations
- Description: This thesis attempts to argue that a post-apartheid foreign policy will no longer be based on seeking legitimacy for the South African Government. Instead, it argues that if South Africa wants to grow, both domestically and nternationally, it will be imperative for it (South Africa) to move from an import substitution trade policy to an export-oriented trade policy. It is further suggested that the export-led strategy will be an important component for the promotion of South African international trade in the post-Cold War era. South Africa cannot improve the status of its trade regime by its own doing. It will require the support and assistance of international organizations and hence, the international community. Following the principles, rules and procedures of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); it is argued, will help South Africa reconstruct its trade policies on the basis that they are free, fair and above all competitive. Furthermore, maintaining a constantly favourable relationship with the international community will allow easy access to international markets for South African goods and services, and eventually the smooth integration of the South African economy in the international political economy. This study, noting the importance of trade with a dedicated commitment to exports, concludes that although exports would flourish, there will be an immediate need for diplomats to be conversant with contemporary international trade developments. This would require diplomats to be innovative, steadfast and disciplined in their day-to-day negotiations. In the final instance, the role of trade in South Africa's future will ultimately be determined by its trade postures and the type of diplomacy to be used by its diplomats.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Dullabh, Nitesh Amratlal
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Foreign trade regulation -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2774 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002984 , Foreign trade regulation -- South Africa , South Africa -- Foreign relations
- Description: This thesis attempts to argue that a post-apartheid foreign policy will no longer be based on seeking legitimacy for the South African Government. Instead, it argues that if South Africa wants to grow, both domestically and nternationally, it will be imperative for it (South Africa) to move from an import substitution trade policy to an export-oriented trade policy. It is further suggested that the export-led strategy will be an important component for the promotion of South African international trade in the post-Cold War era. South Africa cannot improve the status of its trade regime by its own doing. It will require the support and assistance of international organizations and hence, the international community. Following the principles, rules and procedures of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); it is argued, will help South Africa reconstruct its trade policies on the basis that they are free, fair and above all competitive. Furthermore, maintaining a constantly favourable relationship with the international community will allow easy access to international markets for South African goods and services, and eventually the smooth integration of the South African economy in the international political economy. This study, noting the importance of trade with a dedicated commitment to exports, concludes that although exports would flourish, there will be an immediate need for diplomats to be conversant with contemporary international trade developments. This would require diplomats to be innovative, steadfast and disciplined in their day-to-day negotiations. In the final instance, the role of trade in South Africa's future will ultimately be determined by its trade postures and the type of diplomacy to be used by its diplomats.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Resolution on fisheries
- FAWU
- Authors: FAWU
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: FAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/173961 , vital:42426
- Description: Historically, access to marine resources was unrestricted. In order to facilitate the monopolisation of the fishing resource by a few white companies, a system of quotas was introduced. In this way many black fisher folk lost the access rights they had had for generations. At the present time, the fishing industry is completely biased in favour of a few large and medium sized white companies. This is illustrated by the fact that just three (3) companies hold : • 72% of the hake quota; • 75% of the abalone quota, and • 71 % of the sole quota Overall, across all species, approximately nine tenths (9/10) of the resource is controlled by a hand-full of companies. Since 1994, some of these companies have attempted to blacken their faces. They have also sold minority shares to some black business consortia. Further, a few members of the black elite have been given quotas. None of the above amounts to any kind of restructuring. None of the historic imbalances have been addressed. The above have merely been attempts to confuse the issue and to frustrate any process that attempts to restructure the industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: FAWU
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: FAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/173961 , vital:42426
- Description: Historically, access to marine resources was unrestricted. In order to facilitate the monopolisation of the fishing resource by a few white companies, a system of quotas was introduced. In this way many black fisher folk lost the access rights they had had for generations. At the present time, the fishing industry is completely biased in favour of a few large and medium sized white companies. This is illustrated by the fact that just three (3) companies hold : • 72% of the hake quota; • 75% of the abalone quota, and • 71 % of the sole quota Overall, across all species, approximately nine tenths (9/10) of the resource is controlled by a hand-full of companies. Since 1994, some of these companies have attempted to blacken their faces. They have also sold minority shares to some black business consortia. Further, a few members of the black elite have been given quotas. None of the above amounts to any kind of restructuring. None of the historic imbalances have been addressed. The above have merely been attempts to confuse the issue and to frustrate any process that attempts to restructure the industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Redox reactions of an Mo (V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine
- Ferraudi, Guillermo, Nyokong, Tebello, Feliz, Mario, Perkovic, Marc, Rillema, D Paul
- Authors: Ferraudi, Guillermo , Nyokong, Tebello , Feliz, Mario , Perkovic, Marc , Rillema, D Paul
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295530 , vital:57351 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1693(93)03664-V"
- Description: The preparation of an Mo(V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine and some of its thermal and photochemical reactions have been investigated in this work. Electrochemical processes have been followed by means of the UVVis spectral changes and compared with those observed in flash photolysis. Mo(IV) and Mo(V)-ligand-radical species are common intermediates of the electrochemical and photochemical reactions. In 254 nm irradiations of the Mo(V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine in aqueous solutions of 2-propanol, the macrocycle can be photohydrogenated and the product of the photolysis can be reoxidized with O2 back to the parent complex.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Ferraudi, Guillermo , Nyokong, Tebello , Feliz, Mario , Perkovic, Marc , Rillema, D Paul
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295530 , vital:57351 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1693(93)03664-V"
- Description: The preparation of an Mo(V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine and some of its thermal and photochemical reactions have been investigated in this work. Electrochemical processes have been followed by means of the UVVis spectral changes and compared with those observed in flash photolysis. Mo(IV) and Mo(V)-ligand-radical species are common intermediates of the electrochemical and photochemical reactions. In 254 nm irradiations of the Mo(V) tetrasulfophthalocyanine in aqueous solutions of 2-propanol, the macrocycle can be photohydrogenated and the product of the photolysis can be reoxidized with O2 back to the parent complex.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Southern African Journal of Gerontology, volume 3, number 1, April 1994
- Ferreira, Monica (editor), Møller, Valerie (editor), HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Authors: Ferreira, Monica (editor) , Møller, Valerie (editor) , HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Gerontology -- South Africa , Older people -- Care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:8068 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012860
- Description: A typical case, culled from the author's own experience in the Third World, points towards a major crisis in ageing in the near future for many developing countries. Whilst the increase in numbers of elderly, both gross and proportionate, is well-known, it is not so widely realised that the increase in developing countries will far outstrip that in industrialized nations. Although the elderly were historically cared for within the traditional extended family structure, that system is now breaking down before the advance of migration and easy divorce. Many elderly persons are left alone in depopulated communities. Others fail to adapt in the rural-to-urban transition. Most developing countries have no firmly established services for the elderly. However, as awareness of the impending crisis increases, community groups assist the elderly in developing their own initiatives to avoid the local effects of the crisis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Ferreira, Monica (editor) , Møller, Valerie (editor) , HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Gerontology -- South Africa , Older people -- Care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:8068 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012860
- Description: A typical case, culled from the author's own experience in the Third World, points towards a major crisis in ageing in the near future for many developing countries. Whilst the increase in numbers of elderly, both gross and proportionate, is well-known, it is not so widely realised that the increase in developing countries will far outstrip that in industrialized nations. Although the elderly were historically cared for within the traditional extended family structure, that system is now breaking down before the advance of migration and easy divorce. Many elderly persons are left alone in depopulated communities. Others fail to adapt in the rural-to-urban transition. Most developing countries have no firmly established services for the elderly. However, as awareness of the impending crisis increases, community groups assist the elderly in developing their own initiatives to avoid the local effects of the crisis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Southern African Journal of Gerontology, volume 3, number 2, October 1994
- Ferreira, Monica (editor), Møller, Valerie (editor), HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Authors: Ferreira, Monica (editor) , Møller, Valerie (editor) , HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Gerontology -- South Africa , Older people -- Care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:8069 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012861
- Description: Intergenerational relations is not a new focus area of study in Southern Africa. Trends in changing relationships between age cohorts have been traced in family, migration and urbanization studies. This special issue of the Southern African Journal of Gerontology presents a case for studying intergenerational relations from a gerontological perspective. The issue includes work from leading international gerontologists and experts in the field of intergenerational relations writing on the United States. Two further contributions come from other parts of Africa - Ghana and Kenya. The articles on intergenerational relations in South Africa, tellingly, come from outside the field of gerontology, a point to be picked up below.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Ferreira, Monica (editor) , Møller, Valerie (editor) , HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Gerontology -- South Africa , Older people -- Care -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:8069 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012861
- Description: Intergenerational relations is not a new focus area of study in Southern Africa. Trends in changing relationships between age cohorts have been traced in family, migration and urbanization studies. This special issue of the Southern African Journal of Gerontology presents a case for studying intergenerational relations from a gerontological perspective. The issue includes work from leading international gerontologists and experts in the field of intergenerational relations writing on the United States. Two further contributions come from other parts of Africa - Ghana and Kenya. The articles on intergenerational relations in South Africa, tellingly, come from outside the field of gerontology, a point to be picked up below.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
A development stratergy for the fishing industry
- Authors: Fishing Industry
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Fishing Industry
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/250485 , vital:52003
- Description: For too long workers and the small fishing communities have been trampled under foot. As a result massive disparities have arisen in the fishing industry. The small fishing communities barely exist. And workers employed by the big fishing companies are still treated as an extra tool. Now is the time to change all this. Our members don't want the crumbs off the table. No, they want to be given the opportunity to participate fully in the economy and in particular in the development of the fishing industry. The industry is, however, still trapped in the past. As a result it cannot make use of the many opportunities we believe there are for it to expand and grow. Before I examine these opportunities perhaps it is wise to set out briefly the principles on which we see the industry established.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Fishing Industry
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Fishing Industry
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/250485 , vital:52003
- Description: For too long workers and the small fishing communities have been trampled under foot. As a result massive disparities have arisen in the fishing industry. The small fishing communities barely exist. And workers employed by the big fishing companies are still treated as an extra tool. Now is the time to change all this. Our members don't want the crumbs off the table. No, they want to be given the opportunity to participate fully in the economy and in particular in the development of the fishing industry. The industry is, however, still trapped in the past. As a result it cannot make use of the many opportunities we believe there are for it to expand and grow. Before I examine these opportunities perhaps it is wise to set out briefly the principles on which we see the industry established.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Aspects of the biology and ecology of some intertidal Holothurians (Echinodermata) along the Eastern Cape coast of South Africa
- Authors: Foster, Gregory George
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Echinodermata , Echinodermata -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5638 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005320 , Echinodermata , Echinodermata -- South Africa
- Description: Four species of dendrochirote holothurians, Roweia stephensoni John, Pseudocnella sykion Lampert, Aslia spyridophora Clark, Roweia frauenfeldi frauenfeldi Ludwig, and one aspidochirote holothurian, Neostichopus grammatus Clark, are common inhabitants of the intertidal regions of the eastern Cape rocky shores of South Africa. All five species are sympatric for most of their geographical distribution. The intertidal distributions, densities and biomasses of R. stephensoni, P. sykion and N. grammatus were examined at six sites from Port Elizabeth to East London in the eastern Cape. At all sites the three species showed similar overlapping zonations with R. stephensoni and P. sykion reaching their highest maximum mean densities and biomasses (drained wet weight) in the lower mid-shore region (401m² and 684g/m², 181m² and 269g/m², respectively at Port Elizabeth), whilst N. grammatus in the low-shore region (61m² and 72g/m², at Port Elizabeth). The highest densities and biomasses of all three species were recorded on boulder shores that had minimal sand inundation. Seasonality of reproduction of R. stephensoni, P. sykion and N. grammatus was compared at Port Elizabeth, using gonad index values, gonadal tubule diameters, egg diameters and spermatozoon content in tubules from January 1992 until August 1993. All three species are dioecious and did not deviate from a 1: 1 sex ratio. Sizes at first sexual maturity were 2.5-2.9 cm³ for R. stephensoni and P. sykion, and 3.0-3.9cm³ for N. grammatus. The gonads of R. stephensoni and P. sykion consist of a bunch of unbranched tubules of equal diameter, with males having more tubules of a smaller diameter than females. By contrast, the gonad of N. grammatus consists of two tufts of multiple branched tubules. All three species followed annual reproductive cycles, and in R. stephensoni and P. sykion gametogenesis occurred from March 1992 until August/September 1992, and maturity was maintained until the main spawning event in January 1993. By contrast, in N. grammatus gametogenesis occurred from July 1992 until September 1992, and maturity was maintained until the main spawning event in December 1992/January 1993. Unlike R. stephensoni and P. sykion the reproductive cycle of N. grammatus was more pronounced, in that the gonad regressed after spawning. Aspects of the feeding biology of R. stephensoni, P. sykion, A. spyridophora, R.ffrauenfeldi and N. grammatus were compared, using the gross buccal tentacle morphology, type and size range of ingested food particles, and gut lengths. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the buccal tentacles of R. stephensoni, P. sykion and A. spyridophora could be classified as dendritic, branching numerous times with the tips terminating in numerous nodes covered with discs of papillate projections. The buccal tentacle structure of R. f frauenfeldi deviated from the typical dendrochirote dendritic form. The tentacles are stout with few branches which terminate in large bulbous nodes lacking discs of papillate projections. Neostichopus grammatus possesses buccal tentacles that could be classified as peltate, terminating in large nodes which also lacked discs of papillate projections. Roweia stephensoni, P. sykion and A. spyridophora are suspension-feeders, ingesting food particles mostly <53μm in size. Roweia f frauenfeldi was classed as a "heavy" suspension-feeder, ingesting food particles mostly between 250μm-1.18μm, while N. grammatus is a deposit-feeder, ingesting benthic sediments mostly between 106-500μm. The gut lengths of the dendrochirote holothurians were found to be significantly longer than that of the aspidochirote, and may be attributed to the nature of the food ingested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Foster, Gregory George
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Echinodermata , Echinodermata -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5638 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005320 , Echinodermata , Echinodermata -- South Africa
- Description: Four species of dendrochirote holothurians, Roweia stephensoni John, Pseudocnella sykion Lampert, Aslia spyridophora Clark, Roweia frauenfeldi frauenfeldi Ludwig, and one aspidochirote holothurian, Neostichopus grammatus Clark, are common inhabitants of the intertidal regions of the eastern Cape rocky shores of South Africa. All five species are sympatric for most of their geographical distribution. The intertidal distributions, densities and biomasses of R. stephensoni, P. sykion and N. grammatus were examined at six sites from Port Elizabeth to East London in the eastern Cape. At all sites the three species showed similar overlapping zonations with R. stephensoni and P. sykion reaching their highest maximum mean densities and biomasses (drained wet weight) in the lower mid-shore region (401m² and 684g/m², 181m² and 269g/m², respectively at Port Elizabeth), whilst N. grammatus in the low-shore region (61m² and 72g/m², at Port Elizabeth). The highest densities and biomasses of all three species were recorded on boulder shores that had minimal sand inundation. Seasonality of reproduction of R. stephensoni, P. sykion and N. grammatus was compared at Port Elizabeth, using gonad index values, gonadal tubule diameters, egg diameters and spermatozoon content in tubules from January 1992 until August 1993. All three species are dioecious and did not deviate from a 1: 1 sex ratio. Sizes at first sexual maturity were 2.5-2.9 cm³ for R. stephensoni and P. sykion, and 3.0-3.9cm³ for N. grammatus. The gonads of R. stephensoni and P. sykion consist of a bunch of unbranched tubules of equal diameter, with males having more tubules of a smaller diameter than females. By contrast, the gonad of N. grammatus consists of two tufts of multiple branched tubules. All three species followed annual reproductive cycles, and in R. stephensoni and P. sykion gametogenesis occurred from March 1992 until August/September 1992, and maturity was maintained until the main spawning event in January 1993. By contrast, in N. grammatus gametogenesis occurred from July 1992 until September 1992, and maturity was maintained until the main spawning event in December 1992/January 1993. Unlike R. stephensoni and P. sykion the reproductive cycle of N. grammatus was more pronounced, in that the gonad regressed after spawning. Aspects of the feeding biology of R. stephensoni, P. sykion, A. spyridophora, R.ffrauenfeldi and N. grammatus were compared, using the gross buccal tentacle morphology, type and size range of ingested food particles, and gut lengths. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the buccal tentacles of R. stephensoni, P. sykion and A. spyridophora could be classified as dendritic, branching numerous times with the tips terminating in numerous nodes covered with discs of papillate projections. The buccal tentacle structure of R. f frauenfeldi deviated from the typical dendrochirote dendritic form. The tentacles are stout with few branches which terminate in large bulbous nodes lacking discs of papillate projections. Neostichopus grammatus possesses buccal tentacles that could be classified as peltate, terminating in large nodes which also lacked discs of papillate projections. Roweia stephensoni, P. sykion and A. spyridophora are suspension-feeders, ingesting food particles mostly <53μm in size. Roweia f frauenfeldi was classed as a "heavy" suspension-feeder, ingesting food particles mostly between 250μm-1.18μm, while N. grammatus is a deposit-feeder, ingesting benthic sediments mostly between 106-500μm. The gut lengths of the dendrochirote holothurians were found to be significantly longer than that of the aspidochirote, and may be attributed to the nature of the food ingested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
The just figure shape, harmony and proportion in a selection of Andrew Marvell's lyrics
- Authors: Gardner, Corinna
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Marvell, Andrew, 1621-1678 -- Criticism and interpretation , English poetry -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2230 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002273 , Marvell, Andrew, 1621-1678 -- Criticism and interpretation , English poetry -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- History and criticism
- Description: The phrase "the just Figure" - a quotation from Upon Appleton House - is the central theme of this thesis as it aptly describes Marvell's repeated use of shape, harmony and proportion to suggest morality and virtue. The poet's concern with geometrical imagery is conveyed by the word "figure", which also is another term for a metaphor or conceit. The word "just" suggests not only moral appropriateness, but also mathematical exactness or fit. The thesis consists of five chapters, each dealing with an aspect of the imagery of shape and form which pervades so many of Marvell's lyrics. The first chapter, "Moral Geometry", deals with the way in which Marvell uses the imagery of lines, angles and curves. In some poems the lines are curved, as in Upon the Hill and Grove at Bill-borrow, where the graceful downward curved line of the hill conveys Fairfacian humility. Symmetry and circularity are discussed in the second chapter. The poet uses the perfect shape of the circle to depict objects which convey a moral significance. Similarly, several of the lyrics are themselves quasi-circular with their closing lines echoing their openings. Chapter Three deals with liquid spheres. Marvell explores the nature, shape and texture of tears in poems such as Eyes and Tears and Mourning; and in On a Drop of Dew uses the shape of the dew drop to suggest the perfection of the heavenly realm from which it has been parted. In several of the lyrics, Marvell places a frame around his poems to create an enclosed world in which his poetic creations exist. These enclosed, or framed, worlds are discussed in Chapter Four. The final chapter, "Beyond The Frame", describes how some of the lyrics suggest a move from the world within to the world beyond the frame of the poem.This can either be a movement from confinement to release, or from the seen world to worlds unseen. Shape, harmony and proportion are the qualities which Marvell uses to convey morality and humility and a vision of the world based on what is, in the various senses of the word, "just".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Gardner, Corinna
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Marvell, Andrew, 1621-1678 -- Criticism and interpretation , English poetry -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2230 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002273 , Marvell, Andrew, 1621-1678 -- Criticism and interpretation , English poetry -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- History and criticism
- Description: The phrase "the just Figure" - a quotation from Upon Appleton House - is the central theme of this thesis as it aptly describes Marvell's repeated use of shape, harmony and proportion to suggest morality and virtue. The poet's concern with geometrical imagery is conveyed by the word "figure", which also is another term for a metaphor or conceit. The word "just" suggests not only moral appropriateness, but also mathematical exactness or fit. The thesis consists of five chapters, each dealing with an aspect of the imagery of shape and form which pervades so many of Marvell's lyrics. The first chapter, "Moral Geometry", deals with the way in which Marvell uses the imagery of lines, angles and curves. In some poems the lines are curved, as in Upon the Hill and Grove at Bill-borrow, where the graceful downward curved line of the hill conveys Fairfacian humility. Symmetry and circularity are discussed in the second chapter. The poet uses the perfect shape of the circle to depict objects which convey a moral significance. Similarly, several of the lyrics are themselves quasi-circular with their closing lines echoing their openings. Chapter Three deals with liquid spheres. Marvell explores the nature, shape and texture of tears in poems such as Eyes and Tears and Mourning; and in On a Drop of Dew uses the shape of the dew drop to suggest the perfection of the heavenly realm from which it has been parted. In several of the lyrics, Marvell places a frame around his poems to create an enclosed world in which his poetic creations exist. These enclosed, or framed, worlds are discussed in Chapter Four. The final chapter, "Beyond The Frame", describes how some of the lyrics suggest a move from the world within to the world beyond the frame of the poem.This can either be a movement from confinement to release, or from the seen world to worlds unseen. Shape, harmony and proportion are the qualities which Marvell uses to convey morality and humility and a vision of the world based on what is, in the various senses of the word, "just".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994