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Explanation in rule-based expert systems

- Carden, Kenneth John

  • Authors: Carden, Kenneth John
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Expert systems (Computer science) Ecology -- Research
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:4569 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002034
  • Description: The ability of an expert system to explain its reasoning is fundamental to the system's credibility. Explanations become even more vital in systems which use methods of uncertainty propagation. The research documented here describes the development of an explanation sub-system which interfaces with the P.R.O. Expert System Toolkit. This toolkit has been used in the development of three small ecological expert systems. This project has involved adapting the results of research in the field of explanation-generation, to the requirements of the ecologist users. The subsystem contains two major components. The first lists the rules that fired during a consultation. The second component comprises routines responsible for quantifying the effects on the system conclusions of the answers given to questions. These latter routines can be used to perform sensitivity analyses on the answers given. The incorporation of such routines in small expert systems is quite unique
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  • Date Issued: 1988

The functions of narrative : a study of recent novelistic nonfiction

- Carlean, Kevin John

  • Authors: Carlean, Kevin John
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Reportage literature -- History and criticism , Nonfiction novel
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2176 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001827
  • Description: Since Truman Capote's In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and its Consequences was published in 1965, there have been many attempts to define and explain the phenomenon of the "non-fiction novel" as a unified narrative genre. Some of these attempts have been highly theoretical and scholarly, but most have been rather loose definitions referring to an extremely wide range of diverse factual narratives. Over the years, so many different works have been called "non-fiction novels" that it now seems as if the notion of such a unified genre is questionable. Surely it is not generically useful to say that such functionally distinct works as Oscar Lewis's La Vida: A Puerto Rican Family in the Culture of Poverty (1967) and Hunter S. Thompson's Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart ot the American Dream (1971) belong in the same narrative category. The purpose of this study is to show that many of the works routinely referred to as "non-fiction novels" perform fundamentally different narrative functions and do not belong together in a unified genre. Roman Jakobson's model of communication and his notion of the "dominant function" are used to identify three functional categories into which the narratives discussed in the study logically fall: first, there are predominantly sociological works in which the referential function is the most important element of the communication; second, there are predominantly journalistic works in which the opinions of the writer or emotive function constitute the central narrative concern; and thirdly, we have works performing a dominant novelistic or aesthetic function in the sense that the secondary meanings and themes implied are the most important elements communicated. The thesis follows the following structure. In the introductory chapter, a critique of some of the major generic theories of the "non-fiction novel" as unified genre is offered. The purpose here is not to caricature what are sometimes extremely sophisticated studies. (Indeed, in my own analysis of texts, I am often indebted to the critical insights of the scholars whose theories I question in the introduction.) My purpose is merely to show that the corpus of works each writer refers to can be divided more logically between different dominant narrative functions. The introduction ends with a more detailed explanation of the adaptation of Jakobson's notion of "the dominant" and how it relates to the functional categories identified. Chapter 2 offers analyses of a group of documentary narratives that perform a dominant sociological function but have often been referred to as "non-fiction novels." The chapter starts with an analysis of James Agee's Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (1941), a text widely regarded as the first real American example of the "genre." This is followed by an examination of the anthropological works of Oscar Lewis: Five Families: Mexican Case Studles in the Culture of Poverty (1959), The Children of Sanchez: Autobiography of a Mexican Family (1964), Pedro Martinez: A Mexican Peasant and his Family (1964) and La Vida: A Puerto Rican Family in the Culture of Poverty. I conclude the chapter with an analysis of the recent sociological works of Studs Terkel: Division Street: America (1968), Hard Times: An oral History of the Great Depression (1970) and Working: People talk about what they do all day and how they feel about what they do (1974). In Chapter 3, the notion of subjective participation journalism is explained. This is followed by an analysis of three of the most famous and creative of the works that fall into this functional category: Hunter S. Thompson's Hell's Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga of an Outlaw Motorcycle Gang (1966), Michael Herr's Vietnam classic, Dispatches (1977), and Norman Mailer's account of a famous protest march, The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, The Novel as History (1968). Chapter 4 offers a discussion of three works that perform a dominant novelistic function in the realistic tradition of Dostoevski's Crime and Punishment. All three are based on actual murder cases, but the facts of the stories are subordinated to the novelistic themes the author wishes to abstract. They are: Meyer Levin's Compulsion (1957), Mailer's The Executioner's Song (1979) and Capote's In Cold Blood. From this outline, it may appear as if the study is loaded in favour of the sociological works discussed in Chapter 2. This is intentional because, although many critics have referred to them as "non-fiction novels", very little systematic and detailed analysis of these works as a corpus has been forthcoming. This long chapter is an attempt to redress the balance.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1988

People's education - An Examination of the Concept

- Centre for Adult and Continuing Education (CACE)

  • Authors: Centre for Adult and Continuing Education (CACE)
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Centre for Adult and Continuing Education (CACE)
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168796 , vital:41648
  • Description: This research report sets out to examine the concept of People’s Education in South Africa from December 1985, when the call for People’s Education was first made, to September 19877“It is the result of a preliminary six month research project which set out to lay the basis for a long term study of international perspectives on People’s Education. The researcher experienced the difficulties associated with doing contemporary research in a charged political environment. Several of the potential interviewees were either in detention or ‘on the run’ because of their commitment to People’s Education. The contemporary nature of the research focus also meant that the sources of relevant printed materials were limited and dispersed. The study demonstrates that People’s Education is concerned with more than responding to ‘the education crisis'. In addition, it is attempting to address the problem of a future education system in a post-apartheid society. As adult educators we are excited by the challenges that People’s Education offers. It is one of the first times in South Africa that ‘lifelong education ’ is on the agenda where education in the school is seen as only one aspect of necessary education provision. Adult Education at the workplace, in voluntary associations, in political movements, in the home, is seen as integral to the educational process both in the period of social transformation and in a future, post-apartheid society. This study has confirmed that People’s Education cannot be ignored. People’s Education has achieved what many previous investigations into education have not achieved; it has involved a wide range of grassroots people in the debates around the future of South African education. It is an ongoing process. As Ken Hartshorne is quoted as saying : "Both the debate on and the process leading to post-apartheid education are well underway; they are loaded with complexities, uncertainties and risks, because they are taking place in an unstable and unresolved vortex which changes from day to day, from place to place." I would like to acknowledge the assistance of colleagues who played an important role in the process of the study : Professor Owen van den Berg who was very helpful in the setting up of the project, and Mr Brian O’Connell who assisted with the conceptualisation and ongoing discussion of the project. In addition, his critical reading of the draft of this report provided many invaluable suggestions. Thanks are also due to our colleagues at UWC and elsewhere who took time to read the draft paper and offered constructive criticisms.
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  • Date Issued: 1988

The role of male competition and female choice in the mating success of a Lek-breeding Southern African Cichlid fish Pseudocrenilabrus Philander (Pisces: Cichlidae)

- Chan, Tin-Yam

  • Authors: Chan, Tin-Yam
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Cichlids -- Africa, Southern -- Physiology Courtship in animals Fishes -- Reproduction Cichlids Pseudocrenilabrus philander Lek-breeding Courtship Reproduction Spawning Competition Rivalry
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:5599 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002049
  • Description: A lek-breeding cichlid fish Pseudocrenilabrus philander was studied experimentally. Females in choice-chamber experiments showed no active choice for male size and colour, or for other male attributes, but preferred males which courted most actively. In a laboratory lek, the significant determinants of the strongly skewed mating success in males were territory size, side-shake and female chasing frequency. Together these three variables explained 79% of the variation in male mating success, with territory size alone accounting for 75% of the variation and the other two variables each accounting for 2% of the remaining variation. As there was no difference in territory quality in the laboratory lek, territory size became the principal measure of the effect of male-male competition since it was directly related to dominance. Both side-shake and female chasing could be identified as the basic factors influencing female choice, as they had an immediate effect on the display-response mating system of females. Thus, the relative importance of these three variables indicated that sexual selection in this particular lek mating species operated chiefly through the agency of intrasexual competition for dominance. However, both female behaviour and their requirement for a prolonged pre-spawning courtship had the effect of promoting male rivalry and favouring mating with dominant males. Although the intense male competition excluded subordinate males from practising normal courtship behaviour, competitively inferior males might "make the best of a bad situation" by facultatively adopting an alternative sneaking tactic to gain access to females. Spawning intrusions by females to steal freshly-laid eggs also occurred frequently. However, territorial males appeared to be relatively more tolerant of female intruders than male sneakers. Interference during spawning could lead to a longer pre-spawning courtship and even multiple-mating by females. The results of the present study and the behavioural evidence shown by males and females did not support the ʺrunaway selection modelʺ of the mating pattern in terms of sexual selection in leks, but conformed to the rival ʺwar propaganda modelʺ
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  • Date Issued: 1988

The presented case study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of psychotherapy with a child previously treated with medication

- Cheesman, C

  • Authors: Cheesman, C
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Child psychotherapy
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:3167 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007730 , Child psychotherapy
  • Description: The impetus for using the therapy with J.B. for this study was primarily the challenge inherent in the situation from the moment the parents and J.B. arrived for their family interview and assessment. They had been through many professionals by then, and much medication. They were sceptical of our intervention, since nothing to date had relieved the situation, and J.B. still had outbursts of rage towards his mother, he was still expressing suicidal ideation and anxiety. The challenge was particularly in relation to the mother, who had great difficulty conceptualising J.B. 's problems as being emotional and relational in nature - she was infinitely more comfortable with physiological interpretations of everything. This had the effect on the therapist and the supervisor of frequently reassuring their belief in psychotherapy as the treatment of choice in this case, or if in fact there was a lurking 'disease ' or organic cause to the child's behaviour. The pressure was thus considerable in this respect, despite the fact that the child had been examined physically and nothing found. This study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of psychotherapy, and the changes that took place, with this patient who was previously treated with medication.
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  • Date Issued: 1988

Yitapa

- Choir, Mayarero, Herman, Dargie, Dave

  • Authors: Choir , Mayarero, Herman , Dargie, Dave
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Andara f-sx
  • Language: Mbukushu
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/307774 , vital:58840 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD116-15
  • Description: Religious song, accompanied by drums and clapping.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Karunga ove ghushetu

- Choir, Likuwa, E, Dargie, Dave

  • Authors: Choir , Likuwa, E , Dargie, Dave
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Nyangana f-sx
  • Language: Mbukushu
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/305497 , vital:58576 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD112-02
  • Description: Church composition, accompanied by drums.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Sanctus

- Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

  • Authors: Choir , Composer not specified , Dargie, Dave
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Andara f-sx
  • Language: Lozi
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/307692 , vital:58831 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD116-12
  • Description: Religious song, accompanied by drums.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Karunga tambura ndjambo

- Choir, Nguvo, Febronia, Dargie, Dave

  • Authors: Choir , Nguvo, Febronia , Dargie, Dave
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Nyangana f-sx
  • Language: Mbukushu
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/306018 , vital:58641 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD112-05
  • Description: Church composition, accompanied by drums.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Namonoghe, ghe Nyambi

- Choir, Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

  • Authors: Choir , Composer not specified , Dargie, Dave
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Andara f-sx
  • Language: Mbukushu
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/307783 , vital:58841 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD116-16
  • Description: Church hymn, accompanied by drums.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Mawene Jesusi

- Choir, Mayarero, Herman, Dargie, Dave

  • Authors: Choir , Mayarero, Herman , Dargie, Dave
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Andara f-sx
  • Language: Mbukushu
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/307701 , vital:58832 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD116-13
  • Description: Religious song, accompanied by drums and clapping.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Muliwiru mwa wapu

- Choir, Likuwa, E, Dargie, Dave

  • Authors: Choir , Likuwa, E , Dargie, Dave
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Nyangana f-sx
  • Language: Mbukushu
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/306013 , vital:58640 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD112-04
  • Description: Church composition, accompanied by drums.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Mwania Nyambi

- Choir, Mayarero, Herman, Dargie, Dave

  • Authors: Choir , Mayarero, Herman , Dargie, Dave
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Andara f-sx
  • Language: Mbukushu
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/307706 , vital:58833 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD116-14
  • Description: Religious song, accompanied by drums and clapping.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Mpora ya Hompa

- Choir, Likuwa, E, Dargie, Dave

  • Authors: Choir , Likuwa, E , Dargie, Dave
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Nyangana f-sx
  • Language: Mbukushu
  • Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/305507 , vital:58577 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD112-03
  • Description: Church composition, accompanied by drums.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Title Not Specified

- Choir from St Mary's and St Raphaels', Composer Not Specified, Matsepu, Daniel, Dargie, Dave

Title Not Specified

- Choir from St Mary's and St Raphaels', Composer Not Specified, Matsepu, Daniel, Dargie, Dave

Usatham upheti izembe

- Choir from St Mary's and St Raphaels', Composer Not Specified, Matsepu, Daniel, Dargie, Dave

Songene Kanana

- Choir from St Mary's and St Raphaels', Composer Not Specified, Matsepu, Daniel, Dargie, Dave

Title Not Specified

- Choir from St Mary's and St Raphaels', Composer Not Specified, Matsepu, Daniel, Dargie, Dave

Title Not Specified

- Choir from St Mary's and St Raphaels', Composer Not Specified, Matsepu, Daniel, Dargie, Dave

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