Agreement and coordination in XiTsonga, SeSotho and IsiXhosa: an optimality theoretic perspective
- Authors: Mitchley, Hazel
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3423 , vital:20491
- Description: This thesis provides a unified Optimality Theoretic analysis of subject-verb agreement with coordinated preverbal subjects in three Southern Bantu languages: Xitsonga (S53), Sesotho (S33), and isiXhosa (S41). This analysis is then used to formulate a typology of agreement resolution strategies and the contexts which trigger them. Although some accounts in the Bantu literature suggest that agreement with coordinate structures is avoided by speakers (e.g. Schadeberg 1992, Voeltz 1971) especially when conjuncts are from different noun classes, I show that there is ample evidence to the contrary, and that the subject marker used is dependent on several factors, including (i) the [-HUMAN] specification on the conjuncts, (ii) whether the conjuncts are singular or plural, (iii) whether or not the conjuncts both carry the same noun class feature, and (iv) the order of the conjuncts. This thesis shows that there are various agreement resolution strategies which can beused: 1) agreement with the [+HUMAN] feature on the conjuncts, 2) agreement with the[-HUMAN] feature on the conjuncts, 3) agreement with the noun class feature on both conjuncts, 4) agreement with the noun class feature on the conjunct closest to the verb, and 5) agreement with the noun class feature on the conjunct furthest from the verb. Not all of these strategies are used by all languages, nor are these strategies interchangeable in the languages which do use them – instead, multiple factors conspire to trigger the use of a specific agreement strategy within a specific agreement featural context. I show that these effects can be captured using Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 2004). The analysis makes use of seven constraints: RES#, MAX[+H], MAX[-H], DEP[-H], MAXNC, DEPNC, and AGREECLOSEST. The hierarchical ranking of these constraints not only accounts for the confinement of particular strategies to specific agreement featural contexts within a language, but also accounts for the cross-linguistic differences in the use of these strategies. I end off by examining the typological implications which follow from the OT analysis provided in this thesis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Atu pandula Tate Nampongo
- Authors: 2 Men and 3 Ladies , Ovambo Folk , Simon, Kornelia , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-11-02
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Oshikuku f-sx
- Language: Kuanyama, Kwanyama
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/279026 , vital:55456 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDD058-07
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-11-02
ui dare /nam !khu
- Authors: Composer Not Specified , 6 Ladies , Damara Folk , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-10-24
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Walvis Bay f-sx
- Language: Khoekhoe, Nama (Namibia)
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/277611 , vital:55295 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DD055-39
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-10-24
Tu tangeni Mwene wetu
- Authors: 3 Men and 6 Ladies , Ovambo Folk , Aipinge, Giselinde , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-11-04
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Oshikuku f-sx
- Language: Kuanyama, Kwanyama
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/279375 , vital:55494 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDD058-29
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-11-04
Kalunga omunanghenda
- Authors: 3 Men and 6 Ladies , Ovambo Folk , Naupu, Transisius , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-11-03
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Oshikuku f-sx
- Language: Kuanyama, Kwanyama
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/279209 , vital:55476 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDD058-20
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-11-03
Tuna enyanyu nena ndji
- Authors: 3 Men and 6 Ladies , Ovambo Folk , Aipinge, Constansia , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-11-03
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Oshikuku f-sx
- Language: Kuanyama, Kwanyama
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/279165 , vital:55471 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDD058-17
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-11-03
Tate Kalunga ye-ye
- Authors: 3 Men and 6 Ladies , Ovambo Folk , Kapweja, Johanna , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-11-02
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Oshikuku f-sx
- Language: Kuanyama, Kwanyama
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/278463 , vital:55391 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDD058-04
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-11-02
Mwene Jesus Haleluya
- Authors: 3 Men and 6 Ladies , Ovambo Folk , Isak, Alexander , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-11-02
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Oshikuku f-sx
- Language: Kuanyama, Kwanyama
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/278476 , vital:55393 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDD058-05
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-11-02
Jakwetu aipandula Tate nguKalunga
- Authors: 3 Men and 6 Ladies , Ovambo Folk , Heita, Veronika , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-11-04
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Oshikuku f-sx
- Language: Kuanyama, Kwanyama
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/279413 , vital:55499 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDD058-32
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-11-04
Jakwetu aipandula Tate nguKalunga
- Authors: 3 Men and 6 Ladies , Ovambo Folk , Heita, Veronika , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-11-04
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Oshikuku f-sx
- Language: Kuanyama, Kwanyama
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/279449 , vital:55502 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDD058-33
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-11-04
Aleluya Kalunga Aleluya natangwe
- Authors: 3 Men and 6 Ladies , Ovambo Folk , Aupindi, Andreas , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1982-11-04
- Subjects: Choral music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Oshikuku f-sx
- Language: Kuanyama, Kwanyama
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/279388 , vital:55495 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDD058-30
- Description: Indigenous music.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1982-11-04
John Omuoso
- Authors: Daudi Otuoma , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Folk music--Kenya , Luo (Kenya and Tanzanian people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Kenya South Nyanza Province f-ke
- Language: Luo
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178799 , vital:42987 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR168-07
- Description: John Omuoso was a very good friend of the singer. He gave him his big bed, big enough to hold four men. He also gave him a bull and for all this Daudi loves Omuoso like a brother. Omuoso, they say, has four wives, all very gentle ladies. (It is not clear what relationship there is between the four man bed and the four gentle ladies). Praise song, with Thum 8 string lyre and Gara leg bells (-12.55-).
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
The eucharist in St John's Gospel : an examination of the extent to which it is justifiable to see allusions to the eucharist in St John's Gospel
- Authors: Verryn, Paul
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Bible -- John -- Commentaries Lord's Supper
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Bachelor , BDiv
- Identifier: vital:1229 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007273
- Description: This thesis shows that the incarnation of Jesus Christ is an ever present reality for St. John. Christ's abiding presence is known to those who are committed to him because he is their Saviour and Lord. This presence is especially real when his disciples, the believers, the Church gather for worship. In the eucharist, which is an act of worship, the meaning and purpose of the incarnation becomes apparent for St. Paul. By showing that aspects of John's understanding of the incarnation co-incide with the early Church's doctrine of eucharist (as portrayed by St. Paul) the conclusion is reached that we have eucharistic allusions in the gospel of John. Furthermore, John presents Jesus in contrast to the Old Covenant. Jesus supersedes the Old Covenant and establishes the new covenant of love. Just as the Old Covenant was celebrated in the Passover, so the eucharist re-enacts the new covenant. By alluding to the old sacrament, John shows how the eucharist fulfils the true meaning of Passover. After a brief examination of existing methodologies, I present the working hypothesis for this dissertation as outlined above. In a fairly detailed exegesis of Jn 6 (with digressions to other relevant passages in John) which is divided into three sections (In 6:1-21 6:22-48, 6:49-71), I have tried to show that John sees the eucharist as a celebration which emphasises the community of the church, which re-enacts God's great demonstration of love (typified especially in the death of Jesus) and which foreshadows that great heavenly banquet, when, all will be gathered to him. I reach the conclusion therefore that we are justified in finding allusions in the eucharist in the gospel of John.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Activate: 2000 - September/October
- Date: 2000-10-11
- Subjects: Grahamstown -- Newspapers , Journalism, Students -- South Africa , Rhodes University -- Activate , Rhodes University -- Students , Student newspapers and periodicals -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:14352 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019224
- Description: Activate is the Independent Student Newspaper of Rhodes University. Located in Grahamstown, Activate was established in 1947 as Rhodeo, and during apartheid became an active part of the struggle for freedom of expression as part of the now defunct South African Student Press Union. Currently Activate is committed to informing Rhodes University students, staff and community members about relevant issues, mainly on campus. These issues range from hard news to more creative journalism. While Activate acts as a news source, one of its main objectives it to be accessible as a training ground for student journalists. The newspaper is run entirely by the students and is published twice a term. Activate is a free newspaper which receives an annual grant from the Rhodes University Student Representative Council, however, majority of its revenue is generated through advertising.
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- Date Issued: 2000-10-11
An examination of the sonnets of E.E. Cummings
- Authors: Hughes, Jeremy Francis
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Cummings, E. E. (Edward Estlin), 1894-1962 -- Criticism and interpretation Sonnets, English -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002287
- Description: This dissertation examines E. E. Cummings's writings in the sonnet genre and in those genres to which the sonnet is related in various ways. Its fundamental point is that, despite the surface impression of poetic iconoclasm for which Cummings has a popular reputation, in choosing to write sonnets he engages in a traditional literary practice. He does this because his purpose is always to be an artist, as defined by the Aesthetic movement which influenced him. In order to argue his embracing of a traditional artistic role, the theory of genres espoused by Alastair Fowler in his book, Kinds of Literature, is used. Chapter 1 of the thesis comprises general introductory material, both to the range of Aesthetic ideas to which Cummings subscribed, and to Fowler's theory of genres. Several key generic kinds are also described. The second chapter makes use of two of these generic models, the sonnet sequence and the silva, as a way of examining Cummings's deployment of the sonnet within the larger context of his poetry collections. It is a survey of the structure of the anthologies he compiled from Tulips & Chimneys (1922) to 95 Poems (1958). The third chapter explores the three sonnet modes which Cummings first identifies and names when compiling the manuscript of Tulips & Chimneys, and continues to use in his collections up to and including is 5 (1926). Chapter 4 shows how certain themes and concerns from these early sonnets are altered and synthesised as Cummings matures from an aesthete to a Romantic poet. Sonnets from his later books are taken to be representative of three central kinds in all of his work after is 5. Chapters 3 and 4 proceed by means of relatively close readings of individual sonnets. This practice fulfils a double role: it penetrates the apparent obscurity of the more difficult poems, and it attempts to preserve the integrity of individual poems which exemplify different generic tendencies in Cummings's work. One of Cummings's reasons for writing sonnets is that the form favours the achievement of what Wordsworth calls "a feeling of intense unity". In undertaking close readings of a few sonnets I have attempted to preserve that feeling.
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- Date Issued: 1992
Drum rhythms for the Ebi dance
- Authors: Abangba men (Performer) , Composer not specified
- Subjects: Folk music , Ebi dance song , Conical laced drums , Drum rhythm , Slit drums , Cylindical drums , Watsa , North Eastern Congo , Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo)
- Type: Sound , Music
- Identifier: vital:15287 , MOA22-06 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017433 , MOA22
- Description: Rhythmic drums Ebi dance song by a group Abangba men , This recording is held at the International Library of African Music. For further information contact ilamlibrary@ru.ac.za , This recording was digitised by the International Library of African Music , Original format: 15ips reel , Equipment used in digitisation: Studer B 67 Tape Recorder; Nagra III , Software: Sound Forge V.6 , Sample rate: 44100Hz 16Bit Stereo
- Full Text: false
Conservatism and change: the refashioning of gender relations from 1870 to 1914: a case study of East London
- Authors: Vernon, Gillian Noël
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Women -- South Africa -- East London , Women -- South Africa -- Social conditions , Women's rights -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2567 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002420 , Women -- South Africa -- East London , Women -- South Africa -- Social conditions , Women's rights -- South Africa
- Description: This is a case study of East London from 1870 to 1914 with gender as the critical analytical category. The focus is on change in the structure of gender relations, evaluated in terms of the recognition of the rights of women and their status in society and women of all race groups are dealt with. A feature of the source material has been the use made of oral history where interviews were conducted with the descendants of women who lived during the study period. There were many indirect factors which had a retrogressive influence on progressive change in the rights and position of women. The initial small size of the population and unbalanced gender ratios, the few natural resources, a small and limited port and periodic unpredictable natural disasters gave rise to a 'boom and burst' economy with very little industry. The result was that initially the women were very conservative and unwilling to make social changes. The military occupation and the outbreak of hostilities in the late 1870s affected social and racial attitudes detrimentally. The entrenched patriarchal system, under which both black and white women lived, and the legal controls, particularly in the marital situation, reinforced the subordination of women, making the system difficult to break. Further conservative forces were at work with the European class system being well entrenched, with most women working for upward mobility, gentrification and respectability. Wealth was critical in determining status and those women from the working class, who had achieved some degree of wealth and status, were not prepared to challenge the system. Religion was important for nearly all white women and converted black women, but was a retarding influence in the growth of feminist consciousness. Little progress was made in improving the condition of women who transgressed the law, the non-respectable women, and ethnicity made no difference. Progress was made in gender relations for women in some fields. The reduction in family size and the improvement in health, gave women more time and energy for public affairs. Participation in sport helped women discard the image of being weak and frail and also improved health. Educational opportunities allowed some to get tertiary training and obtain proper qualifications to earn a living for themselves. Xhosa women who came into the town, made a major break with traditional society and many became independent. The major impetus for change came through women's associations, where women actively worked together and achieved some positive results. Middle class white women could earn an independent living without losing respectability, although it was accepted that women should give up paid employment on marriage. Black women broke traditional ties and many urban women became independent. Conditions for working class and non-respectable women changed very little. A deduction is that many women, both white and black, had sympathy for one another and they created a fund of goodwill on both sides of the colour line.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998
An anthropological investigation on the marginalization of women in sport: the case of women soccer in Gelvandale
- Authors: Sait, Shaabiera
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Sports for women -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Sex discrimination in sports -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10773 , vital:26822
- Description: During the Apartheid era in South Africa, women were marginalized from sport. The ability to participate in sport in South Africa is inherently linked to the political history of the country. Sport played a dynamic role in the struggle against the diabolical system of apartheid in South Africa and has a powerful role to play in the transformation and nation building of South Africa. Women have made great strides in sport in recent years in South Africa. However, at times we find that there is unfair media coverage. The unfair coverage of women’s sport displays gender based attitudes which systematically disadvantage women’s position in society. Women’s participation in sport has grown dramatically but despite this growth coverage of women in sport remains inferior. This research study investigated the marginalization of women in soccer in the Gelvandale area, Port Elizabeth. The objective of this study is to investigate if women are being marginalised in Gelvandale where soccer is concern as well as determining the meaning of gender inequality from an anthropological perspective within the context of soccer in the Gelvandale area. Further, to contribute within the anthropology of soccer in South Africa particularly in the Eastern Cape Province and to come up with recommendations that will contribute towards improvement of soccer in Gelvandale and beyond.
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- Date Issued: 2016
Western influences on the Zulu system of personal naming
- Authors: Dickens, Sybil Maureen
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Zulu language -- Etymology -- Names , Names, Personal -- Zulu , Names, Zulu
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2378 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007158 , Zulu language -- Etymology -- Names , Names, Personal -- Zulu , Names, Zulu
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- Date Issued: 1986
An assessment of the performance appraisal system utilised for junior and middle level management within the South African National Defence Force
- Authors: Terblanche, Graham Martin
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Middle managers -- Rating of -- South Africa , South Africa. National Defence Force Officials and employees Rating of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10884 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/148 , Middle managers -- Rating of -- South Africa , South Africa. National Defence Force Officials and employees Rating of
- Description: The research problem of this study was to assess the extent to which the appraisal system for junior and middle level managers in the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) met the requirements and guidelines for performance appraisal as stipulated in the literature. To achieve this objective, the following procedure was followed: · A survey of existing literature, related to performance appraisal, was conducted. The literature study focused on the requirements for an effective performance appraisal system, appraisal methods and appraisal errors. Attention was also focused on who should take responsibility for performance appraisal and the importance of regularly evaluating the performance appraisal system to meet the demands of a changing environment. The second part of the literature study dealt with the guidelines for establishing an effective appraisal system as well as performance management processes and cycles that are critical for the effectiveness of an appraisal system. The theoretical study formed the basis for the development of a survey questionnaire to establish the extent to which junior and middle level managers in the SANDF agreed with the theoretical guidelines. The survey was administered to a randomly selected group of junior and middle level managers who were representative of the South African Army, Airforce and Medical Services. The empirical results indicated that there was concurrence with many of the guidelines in the literature, but that there were areas that could be improved. It became evident that many respondents felt that the current system was not entirely fair and was not adapted to meet the needs of the integrated SANDF. Specifically, results indicated that the system should be re-evaluated to eliminate bias and to enhance the development of clear standards, both on a quantitative and qualitative level. It became clear that training and communication were important to the successful development and utilisation of a performance appraisal system. An effective performance appraisal system that is integrated with the overall performance management system of an organisation will enhance productivity, satisfaction and the attainment of goals.
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- Date Issued: 2004