The state of constitutionalism in Uganda: 1962-2018
- Authors: Bashasha, Turyatemba Alex
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Constitutional history -- Uganda , Constitutional history Constitutional law -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23669 , vital:30596
- Description: This Thesis examines the state of constitutionalism in Uganda between 1962 and 2018. The central question which it seeks to answer is: ‘why did Ugandan governments persistently fail to adhere to the basic requirements of the doctrine of constitutionalism between 1962 and 2018?’ In answering this question, which has challenged and continues to challenge many academicians, politicians, government officials, researchers and the international community alike, the Thesis adopts the Theory of Neo-patrimonialism as a theoretical lens through which the behaviours of the post-independence presidents of Uganda are examined. The Thesis discovers that, indeed, Neo-patrimonialism is a fundamental framework for analysing and explaining constitutionalism in post-independence Uganda. Against this backdrop, the Thesis concludes that, the collective behaviours of Uganda’s post-independence presidents viewed through the lens of neo-patrimonialism are more fundamental in understanding the failure of democracy and good governance in Uganda than the country’s structural problems of constitutionalism. The originality of the Thesis is in: (a) its being the first comprehensive investigation into why Ugandan governments have persistently failed to adhere to the basic requirements of the doctrine of constitutionalism for the entire period of 56 years (1962-2018) of post-independence Uganda; and (b) its being the first study to apply the Theory of Neo-patrimonialism in explaining the volatile nature and state of constitutionalism in Uganda. The contribution of the Thesis to the existing knowledge lies in its; (a) generation of detailed and well-researched information about the volatility of constitutionalism in Uganda between 1962 and 2018, (b) recommendation of strategies that should be adopted to effectively enhance consititutionalism in Uganda, and (c) authentication of the validity of the claims that despite its shortcomings, Neo-patrimonialism is a Theory which not only continues to define and drive African politics but its application can suitably be used to explain the volatile nature of constitutionalism in post-independence Uganda and the rest of Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Succession politics and state administration in Africa: the case of Zimbabwe.
- Authors: Chikerema, Arthur Fidelis
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Africa--Politics and government , Public administration , state governments
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21355 , vital:48494
- Description: The research probes the impact of succession politics on state administration in Africa, Zimbabwe as a case study. Power transition in any political landscape promotes the regeneration and configuration of the political architecture and the functionality of the administrative apparatus of the state. Government performance may thus be viewed as a result of political processes and dynamics that influence governance in a polity. Political succession determines the composition of administrative organs of the state and many political leaders wish to work with administrative apparatus, which are compatible with their ideological orientation. Regular transfer of executive power is the major test of stability, legitimacy and maturity of a nation’s political system, but in Zimbabwe, political leaders have shown a consistent trajectory of violating or amending state and party constitutions to prolong their stay in power (Constitutional coup or a third term tragedy). This has been compelled by ruthless silencing of dissent by suffocating political activism culminating in strong personalities and weak institutions. Succession politics in Zimbabwe resembles executive dominance, egocentrism, excessive appointing powers which are compounded by lack of institutional framework for succession. This undermines the professional independence of the bureaucracy, which in turn inhibits the pursuit of sound governance. Therefore, passing the baton to the next leader has been a challenge; resulting in the personalization of, governments and political parties by leaders. While constitutions provide for elective congress for purposes of electing party leadership and/ or renewing their mandates, there is strong literature pointing to the capture of representative institutions such as Parliaments through strong normative values by leaders. This erodes the role of Parliaments or congresses as a democratic institution, as leaders have used it to “endorse” themselves. The research examines the influence of succession politics on state administration, especially on how the institution of the state and party politics in Zimbabwe conflate with the public administration system leading to state malfunction. This research adopts a qualitative research design that provides an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations on political succession and state administration in Zimbabwe. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, complemented by document review and analyzed through thematic content analysis. The study found out that, despite the existence of the legal frameworks that promote seamless power transition, political, societal and historical factors exacerbate Zimbabwe’s succession dilemma. Colonial legacy, societal laxity, the military factor, capture of state institutions by the political elite, lack of a retirement institutional mechanism, the principle of sovereignty and politicization of the succession process were found as the major hindrances to Zimbabwe’s succession trajectory. It recommends broad based and genuine civil service, electoral, security and political (politics with ethics and values) reforms to dismantle the current legacy imbedded in the political system. , Thesis (PhD) (Public Administration) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
Succession politics and state administration in Africa: the case of Zimbabwe.
- Authors: Chikerema, Arthur Fidelis
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Public administration , State governments
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21467 , vital:48659
- Description: The research probes the impact of succession politics on state administration in Africa, Zimbabwe as a case study. Power transition in any political landscape promotes the regeneration and configuration of the political architecture and the functionality of the administrative apparatus of the state. Government performance may thus be viewed as a result of political processes and dynamics that influence governance in a polity. Political succession determines the composition of administrative organs of the state and many political leaders wish to work with administrative apparatus, which are compatible with their ideological orientation. Regular transfer of executive power is the major test of stability, legitimacy and maturity of a nation’s political system, but in Zimbabwe, political leaders have shown a consistent trajectory of violating or amending state and party constitutions to prolong their stay in power (Constitutional coup or a third term tragedy). This has been compelled by ruthless silencing of dissent by suffocating political activism culminating in strong personalities and weak institutions. Succession politics in Zimbabwe resembles executive dominance, egocentrism, excessive appointing powers which are compounded by lack of institutional framework for succession. This undermines the professional independence of the bureaucracy, which in turn inhibits the pursuit of sound governance. Therefore, passing the baton to the next leader has been a challenge; resulting in the personalization of, governments and political parties by leaders. While constitutions provide for elective congress for purposes of electing party leadership and/ or renewing their mandates, there is strong literature pointing to the capture of representative institutions such as Parliaments through strong normative values by leaders. This erodes the role of Parliaments or congresses as a democratic institution, as leaders have used it to “endorse” themselves. The research examines the influence of succession politics on state administration, especially on how the institution of the state and party politics in Zimbabwe conflate with the public administration system leading to state malfunction. This research adopts a qualitative research design that provides an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations on political succession and state administration in Zimbabwe. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, complemented by document review and analyzed through thematic content analysis. The study found out that, despite the existence of the legal frameworks that promote seamless power transition, political, societal and historical factors exacerbate Zimbabwe’s succession dilemma. Colonial legacy, societal laxity, the military factor, capture of state institutions by the political elite, lack of a retirement institutional mechanism, the principle of sovereignty and politicization of the succession process were found as the major hindrances to Zimbabwe’s succession trajectory. It recommends broad based and genuine civil service, electoral, security and political (politics with ethics and values) reforms to dismantle the current legacy imbedded in the political system. , Thesis (PhD) (Public Administration) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
Armee Mali
- Authors: Dieneba Seck (lead vocal, chorus) , Nanou Coul, Wande Kouyate, Yves Ndjock (chorus) , Djely Moussa Kouyate (rhythm guitar) , Tom Toumani Diakite (ngamole, ngomi, percussion) , Thio Mbaye (percussion, djembe, tama) , Maka Tounkara "Badie" (ngomi) , Jean Luc Pinot (violon) , Ben's Belinga (saxophone) , Yves Ndjock (bass, snare drum, guitar) , Syllart Production
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cameroon Yaounde f-cm
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130959 , vital:36509 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC48-07
- Description: Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
Ndiyani
- Authors: Dieneba Seck (lead vocal, chorus) , Nanou Coul, Wande Kouyate, Yves Ndjock (chorus) , Djely Moussa Kouyate (rhythm guitar) , Tom Toumani Diakite (ngamole, ngomi, percussion) , Thio Mbaye (percussion, djembe, tama) , Maka Tounkara "Badie" (ngomi) , Jean Luc Pinot (violon) , Ben's Belinga (saxophone) , Yves Ndjock (bass, snare drum, guitar) , Syllart Production
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cameroon Yaounde f-cm
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130936 , vital:36504 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC48-04
- Description: Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
Title unknown
- Authors: Dieneba Seck (lead vocal, chorus) , Nanou Coul, Wande Kouyate, Yves Ndjock (chorus) , Djely Moussa Kouyate (rhythm guitar) , Tom Toumani Diakite (ngamole, ngomi, percussion) , Thio Mbaye (percussion, djembe, tama) , Maka Tounkara "Badie" (ngomi) , Jean Luc Pinot (violon) , Ben's Belinga (saxophone) , Yves Ndjock (bass, snare drum, guitar) , Syllart Production
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cameroon Yaounde f-cm
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130986 , vital:36511 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC48-09
- Description: Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
Mali Dje
- Authors: Dieneba Seck (lead vocal, chorus) , Nanou Coul, Wande Kouyate, Yves Ndjock (chorus) , Djely Moussa Kouyate (rhythm guitar) , Tom Toumani Diakite (ngamole, ngomi, percussion) , Thio Mbaye (percussion, djembe, tama) , Maka Tounkara "Badie" (ngomi) , Jean Luc Pinot (violon) , Ben's Belinga (saxophone) , Yves Ndjock (bass, snare drum, guitar) , Syllart Production
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cameroon Yaounde f-cm
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130927 , vital:36503 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC48-03
- Description: Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
Atikoro
- Authors: Dieneba Seck (lead vocal, chorus) , Nanou Coul, Wande Kouyate, Yves Ndjock (chorus) , Djely Moussa Kouyate (rhythm guitar) , Tom Toumani Diakite (ngamole, ngomi, percussion) , Thio Mbaye (percussion, djembe, tama) , Maka Tounkara "Badie" (ngomi) , Jean Luc Pinot (violon) , Ben's Belinga (saxophone) , Yves Ndjock (bass, snare drum, guitar) , Syllart Production
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cameroon Yaounde f-cm
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130909 , vital:36498 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC48-01
- Description: Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
A Mewome
- Authors: Dieneba Seck (lead vocal, chorus) , Nanou Coul, Wande Kouyate, Yves Ndjock (chorus) , Djely Moussa Kouyate (rhythm guitar) , Tom Toumani Diakite (ngamole, ngomi, percussion) , Thio Mbaye (percussion, djembe, tama) , Maka Tounkara "Badie" (ngomi) , Jean Luc Pinot (violon) , Ben's Belinga (saxophone) , Yves Ndjock (bass, snare drum, guitar) , Syllart Production
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cameroon Yaounde f-cm
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130981 , vital:36507 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC48-06
- Description: Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
Djourou
- Authors: Dieneba Seck (lead vocal, chorus) , Nanou Coul, Wande Kouyate, Yves Ndjock (chorus) , Djely Moussa Kouyate (rhythm guitar) , Tom Toumani Diakite (ngamole, ngomi, percussion) , Thio Mbaye (percussion, djembe, tama) , Maka Tounkara "Badie" (ngomi) , Jean Luc Pinot (violon) , Ben's Belinga (saxophone) , Yves Ndjock (bass, snare drum, guitar) , Syllart Production
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cameroon Yaounde f-cm
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130945 , vital:36506 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC48-05
- Description: Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
Abiban
- Authors: Dieneba Seck (lead vocal, chorus) , Nanou Coul, Wande Kouyate, Yves Ndjock (chorus) , Djely Moussa Kouyate (rhythm guitar) , Tom Toumani Diakite (ngamole, ngomi, percussion) , Thio Mbaye (percussion, djembe, tama) , Maka Tounkara "Badie" (ngomi) , Jean Luc Pinot (violon) , Ben's Belinga (saxophone) , Yves Ndjock (bass, snare drum, guitar) , Syllart Production
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cameroon Yaounde f-cm
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130914 , vital:36499 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC48-02
- Description: Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
A Mewome
- Authors: Dieneba Seck (lead vocal, chorus) , Nanou Coul, Wande Kouyate, Yves Ndjock (chorus) , Djely Moussa Kouyate (rhythm guitar) , Tom Toumani Diakite (ngamole, ngomi, percussion) , Thio Mbaye (percussion, djembe, tama) , Maka Tounkara "Badie" (ngomi) , Jean Luc Pinot (violon) , Ben's Belinga (saxophone) , Yves Ndjock (bass, snare drum, guitar) , Syllart Production
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Cameroon Yaounde f-cm
- Language: Bambara
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130954 , vital:36508 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC48-06
- Description: Traditional Malian music played on Malian percussion, violon and drums, accompanied with modern guitar, keyboard and brass, creating popular modern Malian music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
An evaluation of the questions posed to child witnesses in court to determine whether they are developmentally appropriate
- Authors: Erasmus, Ronell
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Child witnesses -- South Africa , Law -- Language
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:10267 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/747 , Child witnesses -- South Africa , Law -- Language
- Description: Children are often required to testify viva voce in criminal trials. The question arises whether children understand what is communicated to them during their testimony in court. In the courtroom, the witness serves as a source of information. In child abuse cases in particular, the meaningful participation of the child in court proceedings is crucial due to the fact that the child is often the key witness, or the only witness, for the prosecution. The proper evaluation of the child’s evidence, however, requires that all role-players involved in the judicial process have a sound knowledge of those aspects which deal with child psychology, especially the cognitive and language abilities of children who testify. The procedure that is followed in court is not understood by the ordinary lay person, even less by children, and the language used is formalistic and very specialized. Legal language in general often contains cognitively and linguistically inappropriate questions which prevent children from relating their stories. Furthermore their responses do not sufficiently reflect their knowledge and experience of the incident of alleged sexual assault. Court language creates serious problems for children and accordingly prevents them from being effective witnesses and taking part in the judicial process in a meaningful way. The researcher, in her capacity as a Regional Court Magistrate, realized that children have limited understanding of the criminal trial process and often become secondary victims as a result of a system that does not acknowledge their cognitive and linguistic developmental levels. The purpose of this research was therefore to test the validity of the following hypotheses: • During the examination of children in a criminal trial developmentally and linguistically inappropriate questions are posed to them; and This results in ineffective communication. Eight court transcripts of criminal cases heard in the regional courts of the Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga by different presiding officers were chosen at random. These transcripts were analyzed and evaluated in order to determine whether questions posed to children when they testify are cognitively and linguistically appropriate. Each question in each of the eight transcripts was numbered and analyzed. The findings of the analysis were categorized in terms of whether they were cognitively and linguistically inappropriate questions. It was clear that the majority of questions put to the child witnesses were cognitively and linguistically inappropriate. It is evident from the evaluation that the manner in which the children’s evidence in court was presented and the way in which they were questioned created a communication barrier which placed a distorted version of events before the court. It is therefore recommended that full account be taken of the cognitive and language capabilities of each particular child in order to elicit reliable information during the child’s testimony. It is of the utmost importance that questioning be conducted in such a fashion so as to ensure that the child witness understands not only the content of the questions, but also what answers or responses are expected from them. At present, acknowledgement of linguistic and cognitive developmental appropriateness, concern and comprehension for the psychology of the child witness are ignored at best, and totally exploited at worst. This lack of knowledge about child development impacts adversely upon the child’s credibility in court. To elevate and enhance the credibility of children, it is of the utmost importance for society in general and court role-players in particular to appreciate the various stages and faces of child development. The main recommendation is that court role-players should make a paradigm shift and children, including victims of sexual assault, should be given the opportunity to tell their own stories in their own language supported by other methods of communication. In evaluating any possible changes, it is necessary to adopt and develop a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach based on scientific principles. A specialized system is required to deal with children in the criminal justice system and innovative methods to achieve this are necessary. There is a strong need to change or adjust the present manner in which the criminal justice system accommodates child witnesses. Such a change or adjustment will be in the best interests of children as envisaged in section 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Pascalʾs Pensées and Baudelaireʾs Les fleurs du mal : a study of the parallels and development of the theme of ʺennuiʺ
- Authors: Hammond, Nicholas Gascoigne
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Pascal, Blaise, 1623-1662 -- Criticism and interpretation , Pascal, Blaise, 1623-1662 -- Pensées , Baudelaire, Charles, 1821-1867 -- Criticism and interpretation , Baudelaire, Charles, 1821-1867 -- Fleurs du mal
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3562 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002009
- Description: From Introduction: Upon first reading the writings of both Pascal and Baudelaire, one cannot help being struck by a sensation of awe at the penetrating insight into the human condition possessed by both writers. A further exploration of the realms of Pascalian and Baudelairian thought considerably strengthens this initial reaction into a recognition that both authors were men of equal moral and spiritual intensity. Despite their outward differences, both sought to attain a deep understanding of human nature, but without attempting to offer any excuses on behalf of man. Furthermore, the two writers employ an identical term to describe the condition of humanity: "ennui". Although the word exists in the writings of contemporaries of both Pascal and Baudelaire, no other author makes such full, unique and significant use of ennui. As this thesis will hopefully prove, Baudelaire was indeed directly and positively influenced by Pascal. However, it is not our intention to concentrate upon such an influence; rather, we wish to indicate the parallels and development of the theme of ennui, so central to each man's outlook, in their respective writings. Evidently, it would be beyond the boundaries of this thesis if we were to try to analyse closely the entire creative output of Pascal and Baudelaire; and so, although their other works will act as points of reference, the two books which are generally regarded as their masterpieces will be used as the basis of the unfinished Christian "Apologie" which was projected by Pascal, now known as the Pensées (1670), and Baudelaire’s Les Fleurs du Mal (1857 and 1861)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
South Africa and Malaysia: identity and history in South-South relations
- Authors: Haron, Muhammed
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Critical theory South Africa -- Foreign relations -- Malaysia Malaysia -- Foreign relations -- South Africa South Africa -- Politics and government -- History Malaysia -- Politics and government -- History South Africa -- Politics and government Malaysia -- Politics and government South Africa -- Social conditions -- History Malaysia -- Social conditions -- History South Africa -- Economic conditions Malaysia -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2780 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002990
- Description: The focus of this thesis is on the bilateral relationship between South Africa and Malaysia. The thesis appropriates ‘critical theory,’ and as a flexible theoretical tool, and, as an open-ended, loose frame in order to give voice to the marginalized and voiceless from the South. The thesis thus looks at the politico-economic ties that have been developed and brings into view the socio-cultural relations that had been established between the peoples of the two sovereign nation-states during the apartheid and post-apartheid eras respectively. The basic purpose of this study was fivefold: (a) to contribute to the extant literature that concentrates on South Africa’s relations with Malaysia, (b) to examine the relationship at political and economic ties in some detail, (c) to demonstrate that apart from the afore-mentioned bonds IR specialists should also take into account the socio-cultural dimensions of international relations, (d) to bring to light the nation-state’s limitations when discussing the role of non-state actors and considering the contributions of other factors such as globalization, and (e) to stimulate further research on bilateral and multilateral relations in the South – particularly between South Africa and other states in Asia and Latin America - that would assist to better understand the past, present and perhaps the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A critical investigation of the Primary Schools Nutrition Programme (PSNP) in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Houston, Elizabeth Margaret
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Operation Hunger (Organization) , Primary schools nutrition programme -- South Africa , Non-governmental organizations , School children -- Food -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2783 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002993 , Operation Hunger (Organization) , Primary schools nutrition programme -- South Africa , Non-governmental organizations , School children -- Food -- South Africa
- Description: The thesis focuses on the Primary School Nutrition Programme (PSNP), particularly in the Eastern Cape, as a government nutrition and education project, and its failure to achieve its stated goals. The programme experienced problems almost as soon as it was introduced. The press reported incidents of fraud and maladministration and the programme was halted and restarted numerous times. The thesis seeks to offer some insight as to why the government was unable to reach its stated objectives in the implementation phase of the programme. State theory informs the thesis in an attempt to further explain why governments often seem unable to attain their intended goals. The thesis provides an alternative to government development programmes, arguing that NGOs are better equipped to deal with the particular problems that people on the ground experience when dealing with issues like nutritional vulnerability. Operation Hunger provides an excellent case study for how development of this nature ought to occur. The essential argument of the thesis is that there is an inherent tension between what a government's stated intentions is and what, it, in reality, intends to gain from such programmes. It is the contention of this thesis that the Government of National Unity embarked on the PSNP, not to ensure nutritional development for its own sake, but rather to curry favour with its constituents. Operation Hunger, and other organisations like it, provide relief to vulnerable communities with no hidden agenda in mind. Their mandate is solely that they provide assistance. The thesis argues, then, that NGOs have a role in domestic and international politics, that they can make up for or do better, or at least well, things that governments struggle to do.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
Stock structure of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides (Smitt 1898, family Nototheniidae) in the Southwest Atlantic
- Authors: Lee, Brendon
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Otoliths , Patagonian toothfish Geographical distribution , Fish tagging , Biogeography , Microstructure , Microchemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/365599 , vital:65763 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/365599
- Description: The identification of discrete self-sustaining productive units in marine populations is essential for achieving sustainable fisheries objectives. Marine fish populations frequently exhibit dynamic characteristics across their life-histories, displaying variability in spatial structure and mixing patterns, both within and among populations. The incoherent application of management boundaries on biological populations can bias stock assessment results and have important implications on sustainable fisheries management. Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a long-lived, slow-growing, late-maturing, deep-sea, benthopelagic species. It forms the basis of important and highly lucrative industrial and artisanal fisheries across its distribution. Patagonian toothfish have complex life-histories characterised by high dispersal potential during the egg and larval phase, a wide depth range because of their ontogenetic migratory behaviour, and large adult size that is capable of undertaking long-distance active movements (>200 km). These characteristics provide opportunities for high levels of connectivity, and as such, the stock structure is not well understood. We applied an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to provide an improved understanding of the complex stock structure dynamics for Patagonian toothfish on the Patagonian Shelf, specifically in relation to the shelf, slope, and deep-sea plains around the Falkland Islands. Research results were focused on aspects pertaining to (1) geographic variation in phenotypic characters (otolith shape); (2) a description of the spatial-temporal distribution patterns; (3) the active movements of deep-sea adults (tag-recapture study); and (4) the identification of early life-history dispersal through otolith microstructure and microchemical chronologies. Results from the study indicate high regional connectivity during the early life-history stages derived from at least two spawning contingents into spatially discrete nursery areas (cohort groups) on the Falklands Shelf. Fish followed distinct ontogenetic pathways into deeper waters adjacent to the areas wherein juvenile settlement into a demersal habitat occurred. There is little to no evidence of mixing among cohort groups during their ontogenetic migration into deep-sea adult habitats, reflecting a mixed population based on oceanographically defined egg and larval dispersal. The majority of the adult component of the population continue to display high site fidelity. However, between 9 and 25% of the population, consisting predominantly of larger reproductively capable adults undertake long-distance dispersal behaviour, identified as home-range relocations from the adult deep-sea habitats towards three of the known southern spawning grounds in the region. Results are suggestive of a requirement for improved collaborative efforts for regionally-based management approaches with careful consideration of local stock contingents. Future monitoring and research priorities should focus on the identification of reproductive potential, dispersal pathways and settlement patterns of stock contingents to inform the dynamics of mixed stock origins across the Patagonian region. While many aspects regarding the stock structure remain unresolved, results derived from the current studies can be used to inform the development of management measures to ensure the continued recovery and sustainable management of Patagonian toothfish within the region. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
The idea of regionalism in West and Southern Africa : a critical social enquiry
- Authors: Lindsay, Albert Domson
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Regionalism -- Africa, West Regionalism -- Africa, Southern Africa, West -- Politics and government Africa, Southern -- Politics and government Africa -- Foreign relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2848 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006118
- Description: Traditional views on International Relations dominate regional analyses. These invariably emphasize the dominance of state and market forces in inter-state relations. Experiences and expectations of people are less prominent in these discourses, and the practices they foster. This thesis critically analyses the regional processes in West and southern Africa within the framework of Critical Theory. It argues that these processes are constrained by instability and the increasing legitimacy crises of the State. The thesis demonstrates that the State, through exclusive nationalist practices, hinder the growth of a cosmopolitan order, and it argues that neo-liberal regionalism is a contested phenomenon because of its exclusive nature. Finally, the thesis suggests steps needed to resolve the legitimacy crises and to build an inclusive regional order, based on cosmopolitan values.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Sociodemographic inequities associated with participation in leisure-time physical activity in sub-Saharan Africa: an individual participant data meta-analysis
- Authors: Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin , Barr, Anna Louise , Partap, Uttara , Young, Elizabeth H , Agoudavi, Kokou , Balde, Naby , Kagaruki, Gibson B , Mayige, Mary T , Mutungi, Gerald , Mwalim, Omar , Wesseh, Chea S , Bahendeka, Silver K , Guwatudde, David , Jørgensen, Jutta M Adelin , Bovet, Pascal , Motala, Ayesha A , Sandhu, Manjinder S
- Date: 2020-06-15
- Subjects: Recreation. Use of leisure time , Occupational therapy , Health surveys
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3378 , vital:43337 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08987-w
- Description: Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is an important contributor to total physical activity and the focus of many interventions promoting activity in high-income populations. Little is known about LTPA in subSaharan Africa (SSA), and with expected declines in physical activity due to rapid urbanisation and lifestyle changes we aimed to assess the sociodemographic differences in the prevalence of LTPA in the adult populations of this region to identify potential barriers for equitable participation. A two-step individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted using data collected in SSA through 10 population health surveys that included the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. For each sociodemographic characteristic, the pooled adjusted prevalence and risk ratios (RRs) for participation in LTPA were calculated using the random effects method. Between-study heterogeneity was explored through meta-regression analyses and tests for interaction. Across the 10 populations (N = 26,022), 18.9% (95%CI: 14.3, 24.1; I2 = 99.0%) of adults (≥ 18 years) participated in LTPA. Men were more likely to participate in LTPA compared with women (RR for women: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.32, 0.60; P less than 0.001; I2 = 97.5%), while age was inversely associated with participation. Higher levels of education were associated with increased LTPA participation (RR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.55; P = 0.004; I2 = 98.1%), with those living in rural areas or self-employed less likely to participate in LTPA. These associations remained after adjusting for time spent physically active at work or through active travel. In these populations, participation in LTPA was low, and strongly associated with sex, age, education, self-employment and urban residence. Identifying the potential barriers that reduce participation in these groups is necessary to enable equitable access to the health and social benefits associated with LTPA.
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- Date Issued: 2020-06-15
Factors to improve data quality of electronic medical records
- Authors: Makeleni, Noloyiso Anele
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Electronic records , Medical records -- Management , Medical records -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19881 , vital:43618
- Description: Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems have been identified as having the potential to improve health care and allow the health care sector to reap a number of benefits when implemented successfully. These benefits include enabling quick and easy access to patient files and also reducing the problem of misplaced or lost patient files. Such EMRs allow for patient records to be up to date, provided that health care practitioners capture standard and consistent data in the relevant fields. In Africa, there are only a few countries that have successfully implemented EMR systems due to social and technological challenges. Social factors include lack of computer skilled health workers, lack of adequate training, physician’s resistance to shift from using paper records to electronic records, either due to complex systems or the fear of being replaced by the systems. On the other hand, the technological factors include lack of Information Technology (IT) and clinical resources, lack of internet access, financial barriers to purchase the necessary technological hardware and implementation costs. A few South African health care institutions have implemented EMR systems, however, most of the public health care facilities still make use of a manual system to capture patient information. In the case where public health care facilities do have an EMR system implemented, there are problems with the consistency of the data that is captured. The inconsistency is caused by the different understandings that the health care professionals have regarding the importance of capturing the necessary information that is collected at various points in health care institutions, thus affecting data quality. For the successful implementation and use of EMR systems, everything within the health care organisation should be integrated. In other words, the steering committee and workgroup, the equipment, the product, the processes, the system and the facility design and construction should be incorporated to work together. The common problems identified in literature regarding data quality in EMRs include misspelled words, inconsistent word strings, inaccurate information entered on the record and incompleteness of the record. These problems lead to poor quality information, lack of accessibility of the record, poorly organised notes and inaccurate information about the patient. The South African strategy aims to implement a National Health Insurance (NHI) which will provide citizens with equitable access to health care. For the successful implementation of the NHI strategy, South African health care sectors should address the barriers which were identified and learn from other African countries that have successfully implemented EMR systems and had positive outcomes. Therefore, this study investigates how data quality can be improved on electronic medical records in public health care in South Africa? The qualitative research methodology approach was used for this study. Interviews were conducted with eight health care professionals at Klerksdorp, in the North West province to obtain data regarding the factors they would deem important for the improvement of data quality in EMRs. The Data Quality Framework (DQF) was applied in this study and six dimensions were identified as the factors to improve data quality. These dimensions include completeness, accuracy, consistency, conformity, timeliness, and integrity. From the analysis of the interview responses, it was discovered that there were, in fact, data quality issues experienced at the public health care facilities of South Africa. A need was identified for the use of data quality assessment tools and solutions to address the data quality issues or challenges that health care practitioners are faced with during their daily jobs. Seven barriers were also identified as having an impact on the successful implementation of EMRs at health care institutions. These barriers, together with the data quality issues, influence the successful use of EMRs and should not be overlooked. From these barriers the study developed seven Critical Success Factors which can be used by the National Department of Health to improve the quality of EMRs. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
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- Date Issued: 2019